Q. Routeing Charts?

A. Gives information on climate, currents, recommended routes, distances, mean sea temperature, load lone zones,
winds and visibility for each month of the year.
Q. Ships Routeing Guide?
A. It gives extensive passage planning for the given area where heavy traffic is encountered. It gives information on
pilotage services, tidal information, radio beacon and maritime radio services, radio reporting procedure and system, safe
routes for deep draft vessels. Available for North Sea, Baltic Sea, English Channel, Gulf of Suez and Singapore Straits.
Q. Isogonic Lines?
A. It is a line traced upon a chart, connecting places at which the deviation of the magnetic needle from the meridian of
True North is the same.
Q. Accuracy of Charts?
A. The accuracy of chart is also dependent upon the accuracy with which its underlying data was collected and plotted.
How old is the survey data. Source data diagram on the chart show the years of survey and a fair idea can be obtained
regarding the accuracy of the chart.
Q. Nominal Range?
A. It is the range of the Light House Light given on the chart for a weather condition where visibility is considered to be 10
NM.
Q. Chart Datum?
A. A chart datum is the level of water that charted depths displayed on a chart are measured from. Common chart datum
is Lowest Astronomical Tide and Mean Lower Low Water.
Q. Benchmark?
A. When chart datum is defined with reference to permanent benchmarks ashore and zero of the tide gauge or simply
putA benchmark is zero of the tide gauge.
Q. ODAS Buoy?
A. ODAS stands for "Ocean Data Acquisition System". This is a type of buoy that obtains scientific data on sea conditions
at the buoy location automatically. Typical examples are yellow, with instrumentation and solar power panels installed that
will automatically sample local sea conditions such as water temperature, air pressure and temperature, wind speed and
direction, average wave height and period.
Q. Fog Detector Light?
A. The fog detector is of the pulsed infrared, backscatter, single-station type. Typically programmed to transmit a beam of
modulated infrared light every 2 minutes, it measures the amount of light reflected by the atmosphere to the receiver in
the instrument. Two consecutive, affirmative samples, for example, will instantly actuate a relay if fog density exceeds a
preset value. This value is programmed correspond to a meteorological visibility between 0.5 and 5 nautical miles. The
area sampled is in the form of a narrow sector 2 to 12 meters in front of the instrument.
Q. Drying Height?
A. The drying height is the vertical distance of the seabed that is exposed by the tide, above the level of the sea at
the lowest astronomical tide. On admiralty charts a drying height is distinguished from a depth by being underlined.
Q. Priming of Tide?

A. The periodic acceleration in the time of occurrence of high and low waters due to changes in the relative positions of
the Sun and Moon.
Q. Lagging of Tide?
A. The periodic retardation in the time of occurrence of high and low water due to changes in the relative positions of the
Moon and Sun.
Q. Tsunamis?
A. A tsunami is a series of ocean waves generated by sudden displacements in the sea floor, landslides, or volcanic
activity. In the deep ocean, the tsunami wave may only be a few inches high. The tsunami wave may come gently ashore
or may increase in height to become a fast moving wall of turbulent water several meters high.
Q. Triangulation Point?
A. Triangulation is a surveying method that measures the angles in a triangle formed by three survey control points.
Using trigonometry and the measured length of just one side, the other distances in the triangle are calculated. The
shape of the triangles is important as there is a lot of inaccuracy in a long skinny triangle, but one with base angles of
about 45 degrees is ideal.
Each of the calculated distances is then used as one side in another triangle to calculate the distances to another point,
which in turn can start another triangle. This is done as often as necessary to form a chain of triangles connecting the
origin point to the Survey Control in the place needed. The angles and distances are then used with the initial known
position, and complex formulae, to calculate the position (Latitude and Longitude) of all other points in the triangulation
network.
Q. Bore Tide?
A. A bore tide is a tidal phenomenon in which the leading edge of the incoming tide forms a wave (or waves) of water that
travels up a river or narrow bay against the direction of the river or bay's current.
Q. Isophase Light?
A. This Light has equal duration between light and darkness. A period consists of both a light and a dark interval.