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Bearing Performance Analysis Based on ANSYS of

Deep Beams with Opening


Huaxin Liu

Zhong Bi

Jin Zhang

Civil Engineering & Architecture College


Liaoning University of Technology
Jinzhou, China
lgliuhuaxin@163.com

Civil Engineering & Architecture College


Liaoning University of Technology
Jinzhou, China
269735557@qq.com
In 1985, Swaddiwudhipong, Somsak [4] and etc. studied
the concrete deep beams with opening, acquired the influences
changes of reinforcement ratios, opening positions and types
of loads on cracking loads and failure loads, and had a
understanding of deep beams working mechanism. In 1986,
further studies on deep holed beams were preformed by
Haque. M and etc, the ideas that ultimate tensile carrying
capacity, shear capacity had relationship with span-to-depth
ratio and opening position were presented, and stress
transitive model of deep beams with opening was established,
which had a further understanding of deep beams. In 2006,
Yang, Keun-Hyeok[5] and etc. conducted experiments on 32
high strength concrete deep beams with opening in the middle
of them, the ultimate carrying capacity test performed under
the action of two symmetrical concentrated forces. Influencing
factors are: the concrete strength, shear-to-span ratio, aspect
ratio of opening. The result shows that the dip between
ligature of opening and bearing chair has comparable effect on
cracking load and ultimate carrying capacity, the concrete
stress of deep beam with opening is much smaller than it
without opening, the carrying capacity formulas of high
strength concrete deep holed beam was set up.

AbstractThe numerical simulation of reinforced concrete deep


beams with opening is analyzed by Finite Element Software
ANSYS to establish reasonable mechanical model. The stress
characteristics and deformations situation of the deep beams
with opening are in analyzed under concentrated load and
different openings in different parts. The purpose is to supply
some favorable suggestions in engineering application of
reinforced concrete deep beam with openings.
Keywords- deep beams with opening; force performance; the finite
element; calculation analysis

I.

INTRODUCTION

Deep beams with opening have better application in


building structure developing towards complexity. Currently,
although there are many studies on calculation and design of
deep beams, relevant specifications and regulations have been
formulated, existing theories and design procedures are not
imperfect. Deep beams with opening are calculation analyzed
by finite element in this paper, providing some favorable
suggestions in engineering application of deep beams [1].
II.

RESEARCHES STATUS OF DEEP HOLED BEAMS


DOMESTIC AND OVERSEAS

III.

In the 1980s, inland scholars in order to get a better


understanding of deep beams, set up a special organization on
deep beams, conducted a series of experimental studies on
simply supported deep beams, continuous deep beams and
deep beams with opening, had a preliminary understanding of
many aspects such as the way deep beams pass on force, the
main factors affect carrying capacity. In 2000, experiments on
eleven reinforced concrete deep bending elements under the
action of concentrated load and uniformly distributed load
were conducted by Liu Lixin [2] and other people, under the
action of concentrated load the deep beams critical diagonal
cracks craze from bearing chairs to loading point, as different
shear-to-span ratios, there are three kinds of failures, diagonal
compression failure, shear compression failure, diagonal
tension failure; critical diagonal cracks craze from bearing
chairs to a quarter of the beam top span, diagonal compression
failure will arise when high-to-span ratio is very small, shear
compression failure will occur when high-to-span ratio is very
big; shear-to-span ratio is the main factor affect deep bending
elements shear strength, while shear strength also increases
with increase of longitudinal stressed bar reinforcement ratios,
turn to be linear relationship [3].

Combine with design requirements of reinforced concrete


deep beam and deep beam with opening in the Code for
design of concrete structures (GB50010-2002) and the Code
for design of reinforced concrete deep beam (CECS39-92),
mechanical model set up as followings references on
computing methods of deep beam and it with opening:
The length of reinforced concrete simply supported deep
beams with opening L=6000mm, the width b=300mm,the
height H=3000mm, the length of bearing chair g=500mm, and
its height is 300mm,loading position a is designed to 3
parameters, 2000mm,1400mm,1200mmrespectively. Concrete
strength grade is C30, ft=1.43N/mm2,fc=14.3N/mm2, elasticity
modulus Ec=30MPa, Poisson's ratio =0.3.Take the
reinforcement bars HRB335, fy=300N/mm2, elasticity
modulus Es=200MPa.The size and loading method shown in
Fig.1 and Tab.1, shear-to-span ratio, opening size and position
are taken into account.

2008317

978-1-61284-774-0/11/$26.00 2011 IEEE

MECHANICAL MODELOF SIMPLY SUPPORTED DEEP


BEAMS WITH OPENING

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IV.

characteristics of simply supported deep holed beam. Design


the relevant loading mode based on its own characteristics in
the ANSYS calculator program.

ESTABLISHMENT OF FNITE ELEMENT MODEL

According to the reinforced concrete simply supported


deep holed beams data, set up finite element model by
ANSYS in Fig.2. Mesh finite element model of reinforced
concrete simply supported deep beam with opening shown in
Fig.3.Finite-element analyzed the established model.
V.

B. Substep and Substep Number


When using the substep, the balance between precision
and computation time should be taken into account, the
smaller substep and more substep number divided, the better
precision can be acquired, but at the cost of more computing
time. The computational astringency is easy to influence by
the factors of grid division and size of substep number.
substeps can be properly adjusted on condition that the
astringency ensured.

MODEL SOLVING

A. Strain and Loading


First displacement strain added to model, complete strain
degree of freedom added to one of the two chairs, and the
other one added along Y-direction according the mechanical

a
hu
hh

hl

b1

bh

bh

b1

Figure 1. The abridged general view of simply supported deep holed beam.

TABLE I.

THE PARAMETERS OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED DEEP HOLED BEAM.

specimen

L
mm

H
mm

b
mm

hh
mm

hu
mm

hl
mm

bl
mm

bh
mm

longitudinal bar
at the bottom

stirrup

A1

6000

3000

300

800

1100

1100

300

500

518

150

A2

6000

3000

300

800

1100

1100

700

500

518

150

A3

6000

3000

300

1200

900

900

300

800

518

150

A4

6000

3000

300

800

700

1500

500

518

150

Figure 2. The finite element model of simply


supported deep holed beam

Figure 3. The mesh of simply supported deep holed beam

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VI.

appears on two edges of the beam bottom and opening along


loading point to bearing chair when the deep beam with
opening does not crack shown in Fig.5, it indicates that the
concrete will crack first. Especially there is stress
concentration on the two edges of opening along the loading
point to bearing chair.

RRECKONING OF FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Before the deep beam open, the load transfer to the


bearing chair through the fusiform concrete baroclinic level,
when the ligature between load and chair intersects with the
opening after the deep beam opened, force flow transferred to
the chair come round the opening,shown in Fig.4. Big stress

Figure 4. Shearing stress of deep beam along XY

Figure 5. The firsy principal stress of non-crack deep beam

In the condition that the load and shear-to-span ratio are


the same,the crack of simply supported deep beam and simply
supported deep beam with opening are shown in Fig.6 and
Fig.7.In the figure the red line is the crevice of first time
cracking,while the red one is the second the time.From the
figure,there is a development of bending failure fromnormal
section to obligue section on deep holed beam, but the

tendency is not obvious.When the deep beam opened,there are


bending crevices on the bottom,diagonal cracks appear both
on the top and bottom of the opening,extend to bearing chair
and loading point,and failured by shear up and down.Thus,
holed in the web beam affects globality and shearing force
path of beam,making the carrying capacity deccrease,and
shearing failure happened easily.

Figure 6. The allocation plan of reinforced concrete simply


supported deep beam

Figure 7. The allocation plan of reinforced concrete simply


supported deep beam with opening

In the condition that shear-to-span ratio are the same,the


influence of size and position of the opening on destroy form
and obligue section shearing capacity of deep holed beam
shown in Fig.8-9.The load in figure on A1-A4
is
300KN,loading position a=2000mm,shear-to-span ratio
=0.667, the strongest influence on obligue section shearing
capacity is the size of the opening,the larger of the opening,the
more deep beam obligue section will be weaken and shearing
capacity will decrease.The influence of position is comparable
complex,when the opening intersects with transmission
line(the ligature of loading point and bearing chair),the more

intersection,the more shearing capacity will decrease than


non-holed deep beam.When the opening does not intersect
with transmission line,the failure form is similar to general
demolition,diagonal diagonal crack still appears around the
opening along the load transmission direction,and the farther
opening away from transmission line,the closer shearing
capacity tend to non-holed deep beam.

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Computational analysed by Finite Element Software


ANSYS, simulated the stress characteristics and performance
The influence of opening position to deep beam with
opening: when opening intersects transfer path,if intersectant
degree is higher,shearing capacity is much lower than it
without opening; when opening does not intersect transfer
path,failure types are similar to entirety destruction,but there
are still across corners cracks which is along the load transfer
direction around the opening, and the farther opening deviates
from transfer path, the more similar shearing capacity to it of
non-holed.

VII. CONCLUSION
characteristics of deep beams with opening.The distributions
of cracks of deep holed beams of different sizes,positions and
shear-to-span ratios are given. It is shown in this paper that the
effects of these factors on deep holed beams diagonal section
shearing capacity, simulated results and experimental results
are corresponding.
Deep beams with opening in shearing and bending parts,its
globality of beam and shearing transfer path are destroyed,
making the carrying capacity decrease.

Diagonal section shearing capacity of reinforced concrete


deep holed beams strengthened with the decrease of shear-tospan ratio.

The bigger the opening size,the more diagonal section of


deep beams will be weaken, the more shearing capacity will
decrease.


Figure 8. The allocation plan of cracks of sample A1

Figure 9. The allocation plan of cracks of sample A2


[2]

ACKNOWLEDMENTS
Fund Project: Institution of higher learning

[3]

scientific research funds


subsidize project of Liaoning

[4]

Province Office of Education.


(2008317)

[5]

REFERENCE
[1]

Liu Li-xin, Xie Li-li, ect. Research about the shear strength of the
reinforced concrete deep flexural menber.J. Journal of Building
Structures, 2000, (10): 15-19.(In Chinese)

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Yang, Keun-Hyeok, Eun, Hee-Chang, ect. The influence of web


openings on the structural behavior of reinforced high-strength concrete
deep beams.J. Engineering Structures, 2006, (11): 1825-1834.
Liu Hua-xin, Sun Rong-shu, Zhang Xiao-dong, Analysis of Influence
Factor to Shear Strength of RC Deep Beams [J]Journal of Wuhan
University of Technology. 2007, 29(2): 65-67.(In Chinese)
Liu Hua-xin, Wang Qing-xiang, Sun Rong-shu, Analysis on shear
strength of deep beams by improved robust design method.J. Journal Of
Harbin Institute Of Technology, 2009, 29(4): 318-321.(In Chinese)
Research Group on Deep Beam, Experimental Investigation of
Reinforced Concrete Deep Beam.J. Journal of Building Structures, 1987,
(4): 23-3.5(In Chinese)

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