1617-Level M Biology T1W9 Exam- Revision Grid Questions (Chapters 2 5)

1. Describe the composition of blood plasma.

Reference:
Biology 2, Book 1, Chapter 2.2, Basic Question Number 3.a
Solution:
Plasma is 90% water and contains many dissolved substances: ions, proteins, nutrients, excretory products
and hormones.
2. List the main structural features of a red blood cell which enable it to perform its function.
Reference:
Biology Level M, Chapter 2.1, Basic Question Number 1, part a
Solution:
Has no nucleus and no organelles
Has a biconcave shape
Contains hemoglobin
3. What does a lymphocyte produce as response to a foreign antigen?
Reference:
Book 2, Book 1, Chapter 2.2, Basic Question Number 5.a
Solution:
Antibodies
4. State the main function of Red Blood Cells.
Reference:
Biology 2, Book 1, Chapter 2.2, Basic Question Number 4.b
Solution:
To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues
5 In a table form, distinguish between red blood cells and white blood cells (Phagocytes and Lymphocytes)
in terms of shape and function.
Reference:
Biology level M, Book 1, Chapter 2.2, Basic Question Number 5.a
Solution:
Cell type
Relative shape
Function
Red blood cells
Biconcave disks
Transport of oxygen
No nucleus
Phagocytes
Irregular
Engulf and digest foreign
Lobed nucleus
cells OR bacteria
Lymphocytes
Irregular
Produce antibodies
Large spherical nucleus
6. Why is it not safe to give blood group A to a person with blood group B?
Reference:
Biology Level M Book 1, Chapter 2.3, Basic Question Number 6
Solution:
Blood group A has A antigens and blood group B has A antibodies in plasma which leads to clumping of
red blood cells which is fatal. The process of clumping red blood cells is called agglutination.
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7. Name the antibodies and antigens that blood group AB has.

Reference:
Biology 2, Book 1, Chapter 2.3, Basic Question Number 7
Solution:
Antigens: A and B
Antibodies: absent
8. List the main characteristic of the aorta.
Reference:
Book 2, Book 1, Chapter review question 7.a
Solution:
The largest artery in the body.
The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the whole body.
Has higher blood pressure than the pulmonary artery.
9. Compare arteries, veins, and capillaries.in a table form.
Reference:
Biology Level M, book 1, Chapter 3.4, Basic Question Number 5
Solution:
Feature
Artery
Vein
Thickness of wall

Thick wall

Thinner walls than

Capillary
One-cell thick

arteries
Amount of elastic

High

Low

None

Smaller than veins

Large

Small

Presence of valves

None

Semi-lunar valves

None

Relative blood

High

Low

High but lower than

tissue in wall
Internal diameter of
lumen

pressure

in arteries

10. Name the blood vessel which links arteries to veins.

Reference:
Biology, Level M, Chapter 3.5, Basic Question Number7.b
Solution:
Capillaries

11. What is the role of the hepatic artery?

Reference:
Biology Level M, Chapter 3.5, Basic Question Number 6
Solution:
It carries oxygenated blood to the liver.
12. Define excretion.
Reference:
Biology level M, Book 1, Chapter 4.1, Basic Question 3.a
Solution:
A removal of toxic materials
A removal of metabolic waste products
A removal of materials in excess
13. a) Name the true excretory organs of the human body?
b) Name an organ that is not considered a true excretory organ.
Reference:
Biology level M, Book 1, Chapter 4.1,.Basic Question Number 1 .a
Solution:
a)
Lungs
Kidneys
Liver
b)
Skin
14. Define a ureter.
Reference:
Biology level M, Book 1, Chapter review, Basic Question Number 3.a
Solution:
A tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
15. What is the role of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Reference:
Biology Level M, Book 1, Chapter 4.3, Basic Question Number 6.a
Solution:
It makes the collecting ducts more permeable, so water is reabsorbed back into the body and a small
quantity of very concentrated urine is produced.
16. Where does Selective reabsorption occur?
Reference:
Biology 2, Book 1, Chapter 4.3, Basic Question Number 5.b.ii
Solution:
Proximal convoluted tubule
17. Name the process that occurs in the glomerulus:
Reference:
Biology, level M, Book 1, Chapter 4.3, Basic Question Number 5.b.i
Solution:
Ultrafiltration
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18. What happens to the diameter of arterioles in the surface of the skin after a decrease in body
temperature and after an increase in body temperature?
Reference:
Biology 1, Book 1, Chapter 5.2, Basic Question Number 2
Solution:
A decrease in body temperature causes arterioles to vasoconstrict.
An increase in body temperature causes arterioles in the skin to vasodilate.
19. Describe how the eye accommodates for a near object.
Reference:
Biology Level L, Chapter 5.4, Basic Question Number 9
Solution:
The ciliary muscles contract.
The suspensory ligaments become slack.
The lens becomes shorter.
20. What happens to your different eye muscles when you move from a dimly lit room into a brightly lit
room?
Reference:
Biology Level L, Chapter 5.4, Basic Question Number 8
Solution:
The radial muscles relax.
The circular muscles contract.
The pupil becomes smaller.
21. What do we call the light sensitive part of the eye?
Reference:
Biology 2, Level M, Chapter 5.4, Basic Question Number 6.iii
Solution:
Retina
22. State some features of cones and rods.
Reference:
Biology Level M, Chapter 5.4, Basic Question Number 5
Solution:
Cones are
Sensitive to bright light
Give colour vision
Found in retina
Rods are
Sensitive to day light
Give black and white vision