.. . . . .. .

OX&J

I: kpbcx+

b
;
,

~ q &

1:

-an

Like other affixes, the -an suffix has several functions, the main one
being to form a noun. Its other functions are to form adjectives and
adverbs.

Forming a noun
-

Nouns with -an can be derived from verbs or adiectives.

bantuan

help, assistance, aid

round

bundaran

mundabn~or

to hang
to compose an essay
t o complain, sigh

gantungan
karangan
keluhan

hanger
essay

to know a person
dirty

kenalan
kotoran
mainan

makan

to play
to eat

masuk
minum

to go in, enter
to drink

parkir

t o park

bundar
gantung
karang
keluh
kenal

kotor
main

makanan
masukan
minuman
parkiran

Modifying
~
- another noun

complaint
acquaintance
din, excrement
toy
food
input
drink
- ....
parking lot

~ - .

Words with the -an suffix can also be used in a noun phrase to modify
:
another noun.

pinjam

to steal
to borrow

barang curian
uang pinjaman

stolen goods
borrowed money (debt)

sewa

to rent, hire

r u m a h sewaan

rented house

CUri

Reduplicated nouns
.........................................................................
TO INDICATE VARIETY

buah-buahan

variety of fruit

bunga-bungaan

variety of flowers

daun-daunan

variety of leaves

obat-obatan
sayu~sayuran

medication (variety of medicine)

variety of vegetables

tumbuh-tumbuhan

variery of plants,flora

.................................................................................
TO RESEMBLE W H A T I S I N D I C A T E D BY THE BASE WORD
In this group are words that can be nouns or verbs. The nouns usuallv
refer to toy things, while the verbs refer to playing or pretending to do
something.

hej

fdh\(4PJ'

fl
,
S4lt, sG&44w

mobil-mobilan
orang-orangan

toy car
toy person (for example, scarecrow)
toy house
to play cowboys

masak-masakan
to pretend to cook
sembunyi-sembunyian to play hide-and-seek

& l TlalW

Lwpp-..1
?
,

Q~WC

rocking-horse

rurnah-rumahan
(main) koboi-koboian

%e m

P'

kuda-kudaan

'

c 9,~ 4k4"

\PI*:

KA-

Below are some base words and their meaning in English. F o r m a noun
from each by adding the suffix -an.Guess the meaning in English of
each -an noun, then check your dictionary to see if your guess is correc

UN

- ~.

- ---5 tonton
6 iud
7 peluk
8 tanam
~

cicil
tabrak

.-----

ENGLISH MEANIb

to watch
~ ~ t e ~ k i[k, .h~d~a)) -( h k
to seu
k tl;, 5r SULI '
to embrace
to
.
. nlant.
r----, snw
-- - to pay in instalments
to collide
R4iib.t

...

1(U.):
c
.
~

..

. ,..

.,

.<.
~

..

+t

Translate these noun phrases into English. You may need to consult
your dictionary for this exercise.
1 Barang dagangan
2 Uang cicilan
m w y PV*"'
(j&i
3 Uang simpanan S a u i e

~
i
wf i k+nn)

Anak jalanan
5 Mobil sewaan re,,+-1
6 Baju pinjaman k 0 y . d s ~ W
7 Jam tangan curian 5bt.r~ whbh
8 Warna celupan color bye
9 Manajer bohongan nr*rr%er l i e pa*$r10 Pekerjaan borongan
4

h ~e\~f'
-ten '-3

h9er~Al)

4 lot ep-rk

&& l A T l H A W

'B

Ly ; N

Translate these noun phrases into Indonesian.

1 Toy fish
2 Toy train
3 Toy calculator
4 Toy telephone
5 Toy computer

Adjectives with the suffix -an are derived from either another adjective
or a noun.
ksu
kampung
Vrah

village
cheap

kampungan
murahan

country bumpkin (negative

connotation)
trashy, low quality

-anwith numbers
When -anis attached t o some numbers, it means 'in the multiplication of.

ratus

hundred

ratusan

ribuan

thousand

ribuan

hundreds of
thousands of

iuta

million
billion

jutaan
miliaran

millions of
billions of

miliar

pdlu4

i!lw&wnLh-

l,,c:*lafl,

men
men
men
N 8 1

uan
usal

When -an is attached to some fractional numbers, however, the mean

is quite different.

seperempat

one-quarter
one-third

perempatan

intersection

sepertiga

pertigaan

T-intersection

setengah

half

pertengahan

middle

Forming an adverb
Adverbs with the suffix -an are usually reduplicated.

besar
habis
kecil
mati
terang
untung

large
all gone
small
t o die, dead
clear
lucky

L A T I H A N 4 W-#
1

bareng
diray&an
kecelakaan
memaki
membeli

menang

mak
uang kas
usaha

gauds
celebrated
accident
to swear
to buy
to win
broken

cash
business

on a large scale
exhaustively
on a small scale
with a lot of effort
openly, frankly

untung-untungan

with luck

~ditiL-dk~(cm,ktj(M.~S

a~lhk

besarbesaran
habis-habisan
kecil-kecilan
mati-matian
terang-terangan

bpefd~l~

Complete each of the following sentences with a word from the box.
Each word may be used only once.
mati-matian
kecil-kecilan

pertengahan

untung-untungan

perernpatan
besar-besann
rtemng-tennph

1 Dia bemsaha

bmbiddsran
munhan

untuk menang.
mencuri uang kas di toko i
Joni dengan
k&,d
3 Ulang tahun hapakn<a yang fee-50dirayakan
2

temannya

-to

- Lbi5

kemarin.
di pasar.

L.

6 Keluarga Burhan akan berlibur ke Adelaide pada

tahun
Jangan mernbeli barang t4dr-har~
, nanti cepat ruC
Kemarin terjadi kecelakaan di
~E~F"P*~/J
jalan itu
9 Membeli tattslotto itu
Vhh;bisa menang, bi:
tidak.
10 Lina tidak suka kepada Toni, karena Toni L(am Ph4-hl
7
8

The majority of words with the -an suffix are nouns.

Words with the -an suffix can also be verbs, adjectives or adverbs.
Reduplicated -an words are either nouns or adverbs.

1 18 A Student's Guide to lndones~anGrammar