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    historia de la inteligencia

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    historia de la inteligencia

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    6 views20 pages

    Hopipe-2 1

    Uploaded by

    PaulEaton
    historia de la inteligencia

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 20
    1 atte Works of Freud ced Saler biography Introduction: philosophy and psychoanalysis JAMES HOPKINS. ‘The essays inthis volume ae about philosophical sues sig athe work of Freud. They difer i aproach and opinion although nest ate Serttn inthe tadiion of aniyncal phloephy. ears ws Lick Tamla wh paychosnayss oF pslosnphialdicusn it may Hd it weal to be given rome perpeeve onthe ses fol ad wt Indication a tohow they are connected with one another. Ths sata ton, therefore, consists of wo parts The fist describes one the st Sedu dacusted topics from the encounter between analy pho Sophy and psjchosnalss, and comers ts bearing upon 1c edegess anid erflcation of Feeudan theory. The second comments braly othe (sss lating them tothe sues described" Philosophy aims, among other thing at arty of undertang and the demarcason of kxowledge, These aims are ned i the phlsopbicl osidration of theories used in explanation for 2 cortect understand ing of the nature of theory may be eequived for judprg how fat ‘planation using that theory contbute to knowledge Clay of thn ‘ore abour psychounalyic theory hast sees, bcm lft w tno parocla, the relation of Fred's explanation t thse i aby ot fxperimental scence has long been + mater of dapat. Recent this Aispae as eaken 3 parila form Tha numberof remarks dating from his lectures in Cambdge inthe nineteen thes, Ladwig Wittgenstein suggested that a psyboanalytc ‘explanation of what someone aid was lable to confst reasons with "The eof pease thee nde a flows wa gel me towed try tmshcked wet on ero Relea waken oak Sco a rales oe ‘ee “eli soem "ed ete case whee imesiaonfthe formes were be po whats pion uae aes were stated wih ws ane cold be vested peri teee ieee ind ot pune oe tle SESE eis stn he er TMlsrcedtasequene work on paychoanalss, Thus in The Uncor ee ar ae wore eas femmes more ee i Se a Ino words He te fo eat re se arose a sce Th inp 8 fone rece, analysts theives hae ben concerned with stor Se ce ata pts Hane woe eet Mc papa weg oa is emenoh t secre eter cy ats et ere re eel annem eg eet See rs ctaninea ies soap ane eye SEE ett Sls ec tar ee eh cet al anole cho end Slay, Chae Rycroft a argved hat Feud procedure 08 «emt Oa eager te seman one of ang PE a sTaalng eect easly emcee See fer byhonay cmon ten snr cer Spon i cereal etal, bt who Eeleve Se rus adn see hve ror unison eT tone of ted wings we find he acon «th a ecm mencons ot etng sf ha sommes alae tescemsimetigaon leas Thisconra ued Sa ord en eed, Ea Ee ee knd of esipaton se mvs of Se cise ncn Sn neo Soe oe st Fad at ppchonmaoeinvinson as Se Segue tte ld by acre cmos oda, ifm dos ape pyseal scene: "can ages These cs by conering the contest upon which hse atk hewn the neptn fhe otha of eas oe rei tn te beaupht tt by companng tations ng Chae i ecg stn net tor he ae woh Sen va aie 1 Ec ree Saye Bsc em Fhe cama of Sa: anal oral of Pca. ‘pp Obed eg” wnn | Imerobucton Tobe familiar with the everybody proper fobs exp, slubiliy, ete ~is to kw something alt the ay events ‘involving them wil cause others, and to apply tothe the sumption that, in Hume's terms, ike causr wll have Hike sss 1 plas ible hata copsitve onenationrowards objects wa steadiness to lean such tings abou them, pata ou evens apt) "This suppose someone stekes a match and i lige tal we bul, comet thatthe tring caund the ight, Then wv sald expe thatifatimlar mach wereto be struck na like way, ttm wold gh Conversely if another match were stuck and fled igh, we should sesame tht this wat due to some difference in the somsaton ‘ompostion ofthe match orth cncamstances of sriking. To thik ths way, st acems already to connec the dea of cate wah that of + Towle regulary ip ature. For if we ould spec how 1 matey and steking woald have to bein order to sty she maim eit ike exes have like ees in elton toa gen lghang, then we col use those speticatons to state a lawl Would be to he eet that whenever an ‘vent of kind (ike the skin) bells an object of kind Uke the ‘mach it causes an evet of kin L ike he lighting. ‘cence enables to formulate sch lw. They canes generally be seated in everyday tes, bu equte vocabulary dre ron hey. the way objets behave caully is explcabe by reerene to bo hey ate constructed, so that an ivesigation ofthe way objects ae made goes Together wth a attempt to form precise and speci Laws abo ext Sequences nvaving them. A match for example, wil be const n 3 parcalar way of cram matenalr, known t ote rary cen ‘ances ata gien temperature, to wbch the con of» sinking cin het Te This kind of information t encoded in generalizations abouts Stances andthe behaviour arich ean Be hed to spciy wht matches Sind stings mus be ie if ee lar aro case the Forrest ight ‘These generalizations, in tum, are expiable by 2 more fndarent account ofthe way things are composed apd the Bebaiou ofthe part ‘Thusa guen material willbe composed f parse hinds of molecules ina characerai arrangement esting by friction wl Be 3 tras of etc energy to those mlecale, gion a chemical change involig ther, and so on, al such changes occurring in accord with avs of mate which are of pervasive appeation, and inked to their stances By Imathematel deduction “Theories embodying such laws can be wsed to predic events and to explain ther occueence by showing them to be instances of ener paterns in nature, Thus such theories can be tested eltvely ipl, by Shserations and expenment denied to determine whether the Kinde hands. Janes HOPKINS eto Fed wor ar commonly sated ns 5 mand at ee iho Chcramte seam wbhyumabbsosemetnmaestrns ty cnblingthenveal eo ajstis behaviour in al nds of ways 0 fate (Ee chtentecpes camera Seafeoveseeiecateae cae estes auton Sonica ecuteiees cece ty Regi» pros acon in ih of is esos in his way makes inligle for We clase hie sims in sting abd why they were Tons demand fr amps Kt opr, Cnt el Rang ho, aceseictelpate 2 Se Sh ann vee ae ato ee Ee xe Shere wine SSS ects saat ke beso ete oe roduc important o him, and thas recognize hat f we hl oh etn we ‘should ave reason to atin the same wy. Also, we unt acho ws sled meaning by way of bowing rr. he mang ofan action, for example sometinesexpiied hy wre apt of what the agen thought orf about Toe mean mene $n, or symbol sed sn communication is ofc unesvay recencs {othe kinds af camuieszre actions iis tea sll pte hut he meaning 0 + word or ence pu herd through i ae fr the purpose of sing cern thn a hee the reasons for which rere. (hing Belt and dese ata re300 for an ation of satan kind ‘ton of hae Kin The Sk dts cal ne ee a hes purport explain the agents dere fo et ata wondsan is desire oy thatthe x hin, bo geno explanation his dene swarm A belief and dese which canbe ued fo explain set dees this way are lopealy related to stm conten. We can hr isa by saying tht belts and desis involve Shoughts Where le and dese ‘imeplan a further dei, we on sy the thoups anced with the ‘planing belt and desire ae such toe the though asited ‘wh the die which to be explained ‘Thos uppos thatthe ago in the earple desied sue a Waring and belived ha saying tha he ce thin would bea way of dt and for this reason desed to say thatthe sce tin, Someone Wh Asie ois a warty Beeve, of bas the hough, tha ung 8 warning would be desrabe in sone way. The though tat ung @ warning would be ha desirable andthe rough chat saying thatthe ce i thin would bea way of sung a warhing together ental hough fhatsayng har thee thin would be dese nth way.(We en see that if ee former thoughts ate tue the later must be) Ths aver ‘houehe hat involved nthe agc0s desi rosy that tec thin? "The sre onnecions bold ina aly of cas of reason fot bel Someone's reason for blving {or coming o beh) that i sume ‘maybe hate belts that swallows have come and tht slows cme ‘onlin summer; or reason fr etsing fo televe tht mo one canbe tested maybe that eas learned of an honest man, These nsances ofthe more general dea that we can ce restos whee somone forms ‘ot holds able because of bliss that ena to cease to Weld Fale {0 form oe because fbf that cote temas negation. Ts ‘apart ofthe ea tat we cance reasons wie arabore someone JAMES HOPKINS foumsor beeps dese besa of die or bee whose though ental {i tought by we can somevmes ty that eon Lacks les 2 esteo biel where ceo ses tiene shan, deseo eles ‘ich sreconead within he leant way by enter! Al hese Ts oleaplnations by teas therfore ole process or elanons ST Slough whch ae cord te log So each cane sen 028 Shatanc often tht pesos aera: ache h thurs ned the dere and beets hac we see in gngeasons conned in coment ndefintly many other [TAS ima tb ea ee and let mae be accompanied by may ‘ther eth which es connected in conten Suppose fr example hat someone bic tht thin es dangerous Tho sem he mes have ‘arr bles above wha otto ket beth, hat or Sorin be dangerous n what may thic's angers an soon ‘Without tee bles itl one woul be emp) Further biel ar Yeauredo deem ho th na one epee igs, and what le ITlnht play ght or acon In olton + beet coud ave no tepreeatono ale and hee no conten So sx that 27 ble mst gow tert wth whch cobero, he ese hat hese {ihe conbue wo dering is coment ‘ranaiy msg someone bleves ha hn ce amgeous weno ne) eat be knows what nwa fore De Tiny and soon Tw means ha we suburb him, sch Setar ici orn way shat a pen fling rough ce wil enter Sins cing we tice hinged thin) when ll foc suppor the weght of speson and s0 on. These enable 1 nde oto Spa what he believes Bling that thin “Dngrsone so whats mets for soap and ain see inderiat presely which life mst coer wth a ven beet ‘hs way bu sly here ua every mys hy ms ove ‘Saren‘A sino po spp othe conten sees. So fa we have skeihed two kinds of explanation, elated 0 causes and ‘ston, oto the piss! tnd the mental, espectely. Explanations of ‘ch Lind use deduction ro bring information vo bear on what i 0 be trained. The is enables 0 desrbe event as snstances of pial fits, and his one use in ving s deeper account ofthe causal and SE ES meewacad rare Sitges sso aaren Irtroduction dispostoral properties of abet. The second ens os dsb belo destes ar derved om sions y exons tus the forme as fllwang rom te thoughts he ler We ‘cmehing more about how thse nds plans further comnideration of the components of saxo, Desires and belts valve daposions to hut tl aso, hr faving araseninvaies having» Bsponton to what ts an Someone who dese to swim, forexampl, hs Gost tos theme ha i covan condone need he won ovine thal conser the condone ltr) Likewise 9 person wis dene Sim and bees that moving hs bodys esta youl ayo doing so his a dapontin co move ir body mcha iy, Al sl wee know, + prion hs poiion to cme to bears sone hs bei ado dibelee what ninconsent with he, evn he unaware o doing 0 "This meisthat desires and beefs involve dispositions spl aml compler kind. The resson for dere and elit we haves a cst Se themiches combinations of deer and beef 0 dees an bcs ‘tin combination to roduc fier dese an ice The thos invlved the reasons ave ofr conde naloxone tt leat corsequencs, those volved in the dens and bec for which they ae nasnn So the way Secs td beet ae conbnton ta bother others lopial neon of ther conten The pss Ass ane bells thas impli the poncaon of poston vo torn farter dees apd beefy trough she incracton ete desis nd ele themselves. Our Knowledge of seasons shows that we know ‘omethingof these dispositions and itracton pron in accord wih cotrown ntl loge! endesanding. ‘Dposions are oten characterizedin terms oftheir manifesta and wce-veat Thus soubiy ss enderstod in connection wth sol ings at wih cera kindof reskng and soon tn the exe of he Jo qe a 98 08 hy 38 yn a ap 5097 54 Fe gBeONP ee fy ops os poe oud a usang depres 2utus8 yp ap Kye we o> ap Jo amie} yo send € vodN 399 IPO. seogoday oy, ps noel ype prose op pep 20 ure Josey ora oom. Temp ope ony Senrgyond sauny por sagt amy Jo uolsesed tre guy susandor op fai "fe 0 mae ope} nom forme se ssi aap sunoudo oy. "sodes babeege Sy 6G rousun saan paras: pe pty poe ssp sy tuo por vowsosod sy Somos se 5g Poogpnp sn aoe peg korg sie soy jo Iu) ewes Spranona som sina 70 sos ao noge pipiys Goa “jewoxed yo rsuie a o9Fupsosoy “pj 20 ponies Apa se nqieysy povosndns pds ey nog poe sweats SH Shp nase 1 sagsron ‘pon ae pine 34 eq iaypodag yo 309009 9 say poe pn preg pouedde peat) 4 “tpanes ase) Fosnge Pe se agin od pane eH OTS 2 So tea = es tua Jo pon vans psy epi aan © pogap se SH) >UENE2 ho nom yop Haag uoMaHosd Jo rap “Sage sooo sopra = tt) Sapo op sar 200 3} sone fe peop sabe} sss sre sigue ‘nou p24 anarfedos yay wise oye uo ep pang suinaon sanvi Jou sanvé 341 0 oy SUE a! spnage sou ap ypeoadde sxHUOK anv to andeasoypsd ou weep ghd 3p 1030 “oes fous Sey Soa 9 od tet put ayo pus pom auoD¥ fe st ob og mony om 24) 9 0 pew 39 > i adovyLoteuedss ot yo tsar Sana Sunsentos sp tous eang dy, SIH wg peas Shy noi oy toads poe sayy yo omy pose pasa eg, porno} 8 woud orp of pt uations sieodt aqusap of 505 4 Tootnd uous po 2pesedes she 05 SP 3 hag ap sup 23020 op prow pe fi poe son so np yo ood 2g o aos eto: rap oxo waa peg Tieopy saurip yo nuipe o> sadn pov aoa utelepalpison os Put susan ss 3 uot yon oN lan ip pg apo th nosey payin puepoossopon ps an at agnosie yonnan et souey;pow. pie seeped st Pontund 19 vouemIe “nsap ur eeep m4 suasy jonas 95H be 38 9 pases “Dos buoy sitet som acy S298 SH snags 5g sey poe Sip >yods poe sea no gotre of ~sous0su09 35 pute OF sto 2 uty wo pes ar oe snoapuna ym soon wos Ua Taupe pons pu uae Se Oy way) pEAnow fond uy dn ang psens wep my mp SPORES swend0H anv sosepoay fo 20 ur 00 af yyw ened Spd bees ~ peewopesed pinoy aan an orga S090 Uepany o somy us suo np ms pur ee spsues Rates yen) peg oF pat ers 2 jo sup co eur 1 1 Aouspans © auoge pau 9m Prusmiea ae ses ess unset oun pam posed saved ~ss5u998 snore uos weed sprang owmpouny mpg Aq popnes por passant wag seg Ayo4rs8 fps may Sauoap solo, oe por mop Op ip soULEREYS O par ‘uni of snoosboue asses says] suonou ap jo NEN sip jo 980) poones ppaes 994 ey ssresip SES 034. Ilotowoied pur Mljowsied sstssuowtue> ul UNI FIDwOIOT Spurap nyo aut unex wary pang oa oeaae oon ao: postoppesoanp a Om wo) SSN SS a JO

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