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Zoning Features
Panyam Narahari Sastry T.R.Vijaya Lakshmi N.V.Koteswara Rao
Associate Professor
Department of ECE
CBIT
Hyderabad
ananditahari@yahoo.com
Assistant Professor
Department of ECE
MGIT
Hyderabad
AbstractCharacter recognition is one of the oldest applications of pattern recognition. Recognizing Hand-Written Characters (HWC) is an effortless task for humans, but for a computer
it is a difficult job. Research in character recognition is very
popular for various potential applications such as in banks, post
offices, defense organizations, reading aid for the blind, library
automation, language processing and multi-media design. Optical
Character Recognition (OCR) is based on optical mechanism
which consists of a machine to recognize scanned and digitized
character automatically. Automatic recognition of handwritten
text can be done either Offline or Online. Offline handwritten
recognition is the task of recognizing the image of a hand
written text, in contrast to Online recognition where the dynamic
characteristics of the writing are available and recorded while
the scriber is writing on a special screen with a pen/stylus made
for this application. Zonal based feature extraction is used in the
present proposed method. The character image is divided into
predefined number of zones and a statistical feature is computed
from each of these zones. Usually, this feature is based on the
pixels contained in that zone. The gray values of the pixels in
that selected zone are summed up to form a feature for that
zone in that image. The features of all the zones in the image
form a feature vector which is used for handwritten character
recognition. Using this Zoning method the recognition accuracy
is found to be 78%.
Index TermsHand Written Character Recognition, Zonal
feature extraction, Nearest Neighborhood Classifier, Pattern
Recognition.
I. I NTRODUCTION
Optical Character Recognition is based on optical mechanism which consists of a machine to recognize the scanned and
digitized character images. Character recognition (CR) is one
of the oldest applications of pattern recognition [1]. Computer
technology can store and process the image documents in multimedia systems also. Recognition of hand written characters is
an effort less task for humans, but for a computer it is difficult
task. Hand Written Character Recognition (HWCR) is the
process of classifying written characters into appropriate class,
based on the features extracted from each character image [2].
In the Character recognition area, new methodologies are required for the increasing needs in newly emerging areas, such
as development of electronic libraries, multimedia databases
and systems which require handwriting data entry. The intensive research effort in the field of character recognition
T.V.Rajinikanth
Abdul Wahab
Professor
Department of CSE
SNIST
Hyderabad
Research student
Department of ECE
CBIT
Hyderabad
5
5
1
Ii (x, y)
TABLE I
C OMPARISON OF Z ONAL FEATURE EXTRACTION WITH 2-D FFT
Proposed method
18,750(375/class)
500(10/class)
NNC
78%
(2)
where 1 i 100.
Equation (2) describes Vi as the summation of all the pixel
gray level intensity values of ith zone(submatrix of size 5X5)
in the image.
The feature set of an image
F = [Vi ]
Fig. 1.
(3)
Fig. 2.
Fig. 4.
3)
4)
5)
6)
Fig. 5.
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