The Harvard Design School Project on the City began as a response to a aeRO elmo l melee tiie practice, in which the architect is asked to intervene in, but never to appreciate or understand, a given SUE me aes tee) are ultimately determined by a Teel meee ema projects and clients that do not allow an independent investigation Clemo Lome Tl bits Moe RMLs te Coe Fa ON LEU =U He at] Ce| NCO independent analysis, research or investigation is simply not within their repertoire. It is becoming increasingly important for architects to operate on a level independent of architecture, in order to understand, Elam Memory (ea phenomena affecting the development Cleland C-eLemnee The Project on the City is an investigation of a series of issues ice ate mom -M Tarlo ee La OEMS (MEN ele) (ilies ie ele Lea Clean Tame Lao Mela RL TL mutations taking place at this moment in the world. The project has itm eCoT tetas ele rae Tle Macty-t La Tne) [amelie LOLel tLe) Saito Met a (el Tal LOM) 9) elk) specific subject each year.Airport Church Mall MallGovernment Education Shopping ShoppingMuseum Military SOeRITG ShoppingShopping loro ao Rha) re eg Ce eT Donnan anew rie Ta eMC MC ects mc eet ta Shopping is arguably the last remaining meee es al Tee PCAN a arc een oe eee almost every aspect of urban life. Historical OCS MSRM Ree eu ue U eRe sae ae e Racine aut neu INA frees DMeuE er aR CaE Se Peon Ture ese rT) Arey turn eae reais PR SUE CR Nae een pact erences Museums are turning to shopping to survive. aaa ete unis Regn eee uaa eR ag rere eet n-GaN e tects disdain the world of retailing yet use ACen ed eeu nune and universities. Ailing cities are revitalizedby being planned more like malls. Sida Tree Mae Nemec Tie unrelenting transformation of the city with- Cae sa eae aR aT Us cally prepared and modified the built envi- eluate eel Le activity. Air conditioning freed new depths Pe Cue elk Teel sit Ry Mame measly UU MMR te] Ike mT Re Lalo) od Pace SN aae ena cM eceicne te leenecseu ne nicn tur ee UN en LT PEN aaa Neus ORT TN DTU aM Lea el ReMMCu esau rire Trees eur it AUT Aya EL] RSE TEM ice EMT Neg remo eM nEMe Ul Titel us Es beyond replication and scale, by infiltrating Pees ceetla cme Peete ects Reena and tracking devices, which record our lives AMM M Ue TAUE-LCOER(-1e-T LOLALL yy BS irel=foliat eae SLE nok Recaise cents Ronee eer a BAA, formerly the British Airports Authority runs seven British airports, Petr eee eee me ra ee rent ete a ac ice ‘and Harrisburg; plus Naples, Melbourne, and Launceston, Australi eres ee cre er ets See Eee Te Coe ane) one ts= City = Shopping | - 4 Shopping > Museum ee | Sern a Ec ae . t | Pereinees = Peete) : i PCr epee) . , Bon 4See ee ery perenne ee es ae eee ed found downtown has moved to suburban shopping centers, which have substantially displaced the downtown business districts as the centers ‘of commercial and social activity... The predominant characteristic of ee a een ees eco eee oer te ase ne hee cece ‘only stores of every kind and size, but lage open spaces available to Roe eee carer a ee eC erectaSee eee eres ee eee oe en cued ere eet oe nee etn planned withthe small stores situated on the routes that link major pee ee ee re ena Ree eae en Tice eee eRe conc a es ce eee ae onan) by Van Ginkel Associates that would remove vehicular traffic from See a nace) portion ofthe avenue to pedestrian and bicycle use, but the cohesive force, the attraction that would encaurage pedestrians inthe fist place, SR ene ta note thatthe most vociferous support for the malling of Madison ‘Avenue came from the mayor's office civie Groups, and even the New See eae|e ETC Be Mee Pere ern see ae eee eae a ase etd a5 a concent for Disney-styled architecture is introduced by Peter Pen rerec ne eee ear) Pete era ee ay (na joined Disney ust before the opening of Disneyland ParW) reveals Senter ei cotor Ce le ee eee oe) pret ee ee oo cs Paes Deen nee nc acc Cea none Coe acon nrr eee een eas ere eee Tell one story ata tine ere ee Pee ta eer poreSee ee ee ee re ee Sri anne rere net ee eee ey ic eee enc ce arn ee er es eet ee ee cre ee een ee ens Roe eee ee eos oo See ee ec eee nr) Pe eee ee eed Pen ae ee Rea ee anc Sc eee aT eee ey Pte eee ot ee Ste eR eo cei ee once Pee ea eee een Roca Finish up by decorating with some potted plants, miscellaneous flower eee se reese tas Lye 1Architecture = Shopping Pee eee roe eee et re eee eee ote ee shopping seem now to dictate the expectations on architects. From Decon to Minimalism via the Post-Modern, all ofthese Prete eee as ‘The most experimental, avant-garde architecture may now merely pee ere me ne ea eee Se Cro a ee ra bath 7 id Las Vegas = SIREN | teh me ee eee et ae) and lznour visited Las Vegas, the modification of the city has been over- ‘whelming. Las Vegas is now a hypersubstantial contin, an accumulation of een ee ogo eee sae errs eer he ery eee arene eee neater May fee eter eyee eu) with American-style shopping are compelled to align with financial peer anaes ‘The resistance must decide “how to spur growth without sacifcing the quality of centuries-old, town-centere life.” It sa strange demand pee ee eee) erence te rs ae vents impacting urban habits and activities, the choices are often Peetu eer enone eet ee Creer er ron eee eee Cn Tt experience and densifying city centers, large-format retailing, however Peer eon om csc ee Renner ete on net Suc i aaaiy Pie etre eran et a Ed Saeco Europe vs Shopping teSe cee eer emer eter eee Ig more than 20 years of committed urban planning, Singapore no longer Beare ren enter Tc cone a eet are nor es Integration and exchange which would be best developed as a series of Peete eee en eed ee ae aa eC Rear ae Or eae ar pene ert eee cae ee eT retwork’ a planning diagram which inks diverse progran ce eta ee RO ad Soe aa %, ; a Singapore = Mall‘The advantages of being incorporated int the infrastructure of public transportation systems were recognized early In the development of the depato [the Japanese department store), Public transportation, consisting Potrero eae ey Urban centers such as Tokyo and Osaka ace simply too large to walk from ee eer cr tg transportation systems serving as intricate but efficient lifelines forthe Brenner ret sina or cere ics ‘stream of people—and money—into the stores. The depato fist merged re eee REC ce pay for the construction ofa subway station that would be directly fonnected fo the store and that would bear the store's name, In 1932 ee eee reso subway system, prompting other depatos to extend their domains throughout the ety in a similar fashion and simultaneously contributing eee eee ed various depatos on the major stops, demonstrates the extent to which the depato had become synonymous with the infrastructure of the city In Tokyo's amorphous urban environment, shopping acts as collagen, ‘creating spatial and programmatic seamlessness and territorial definition. Shopping is material for negotiation and accommodates in its See cee eae es Tevenue distributions, lan claims, and neighborhood concerns. Shopping ese ee errr eee Sener rece Pee ee asec era With twice the population and twenty-five tines the land area of Japan. Seen reac ect cr reece ee ae ec eat ee ace eee ‘exchange, diversion, and entertainment. In Tokyo ts still an arena oe eer ce In short, shopping creates a landscape in which potential and excitement Seer eee eas Sore eee essUV — 33 x Manhattan land area Peer ane) Dee just-in-time delivery, and a highly computerized system for store eee ee ee ers pee oe a ce eee eee ene rae Se oe eee ea ee a ee eee Per ee ee oor) Cee eae eer cee ea cS Pree nee eeSe ean Ree ee eee er) Sete ee ste eae Ss Pee ee ees ee Sree ti: Re eee ee ee ney basic human necessity, there Is no guaranteed frequency or density of ee eee Peer era eee ee Pree ne ee Nar enn oes Always almost obsoleteaa PAU EN um i] ‘As many 2s 600 of the nation's 2,000 regional malls may be closed or Se ee eee eee converted to other uses in the coming years eee eco ere) See ee te ae cheaply, aling to pieces as they greet the arrival of The Next Big Thing Those which endure must be constantly updated through renovation and Ree ees keer eee Pee eee ee en ee eee re eee genes Plywood walls ples of sand, dumpsters—in shopping architecture, the een eat eeeSe ee eae en ee eee eee ed took place when credit card companies discovered the gold mine of Information on buying activity siting in their databases. Precise purchasing data a5 ta who bought what, where and when they bought it ‘what else they bought, where they live, and how often they go shopping, Senne er eet i ee eee oes paneer ae ete ere eas cre ren eee a er stopped shopping at certain stores. With these new maps, retalers are See ee ec) Pr ea ae er Rn aos eed er eee gona a has historically never been innocent. In similar fashion, these new maps have aided the commercial world to form, by entering realms once thought of as private and invisible, Increasingly intimate relationships reneeNoll wouldn't know where to begin, Were he tobe given the task of Se ea Mee nets eee eee ne ane Ser eee ee Moc Ret a eee ne for the material density ofthe city, the markers of private or public, space that distinguish inside from outside, and the monumental and Civic icons that serve as points of orientation or focus would be litle more than obsolete gestures towards faint memories of urban ideals eee ten tecnicos ere Re eet eS Se ee ee Poe eee ae ee ey rege epee erent eee Ce ene Pe ee ee eee ena oe CORE eT Pee ee ets CeCe en eee Preeti oate eecee eatcs urbanism‘Contour maps" no longer describe geological features but altitudes Cheer eon ee ees but represent a topography of market potential, indicating levels of De acne eae Pe eee eee ee eens ard down the asl, a celling grid of recelvers picks up the unique cart Rea ric ecm ace oars eee eee eee ee ee atc oe ees Se en eet Reread Se rece See eee teers