Pembahasan Soal Buku Romney edisi 12

Problem 1.8
Classify each of the following items as belonging in the revenue, expenditure, human
resources/payroll, production, or financing cycle.
Siklus Transaksi yaitu :
1. Revenue Cycle : semua transaksi yang melibatkan penjualan ke pelanggan dan
pengumpulan penerimaan kas untuk penjualan tersebut;
2. Expenditure Cycle : semua transaksi yang melibatkan pembelian dan pembayaran
barang dagangan yang dijual dan juga jasa lain (Sewa dan utilitas);
3. Human Resources/payroll cycle : semua transaksi yang melibatkan perekrutan,
pelatihan, dan pembayaran karyawan;
4. Production cycle : semua transaksi yang melibatkan kegiatan produksi pabrik
5. Financing Cycle : semua transaksi yang melibatkan investasi modal dalam
perusahaan, meminjam uang, pembayaran bunga, dan pembayaran kembali
pinjaman.
Jawaban :
Membeli bahan baku
Purchase raw materials
Expenditure Cycle
Melunasi hipotek sebuah
Pay off mortgage on a factory
Financing Cycle
pabrik
Menyewa asisten kontroler
Hire a new assistant controller
Human Resource/Payroll
baru
Cycle
Establish a $10,000 credit limit Menetapkan batas kredit $
Revenue Cycle
10.000 untuk pelanggan
for a new customer
baru
Membayar bahan baku
Pay for raw materials
Expenditure Cycle
Mengeluarkan cek gaji ke
Disburse payroll checks to
Human Resource/Payroll
pekerja pabrik
factory workers
Cycle
Mencatat
barang
yang
Record goods received from a
Expenditure Cycle
diterima dari vendor
vendor
Update penyisihan piutang
Update the allowance for
Revenue Cycle
tak tertagih
doubtful accounts
Memutuskan berapa banyak Production Cycle
Decide how many units to
unit yang dibuat bulan
make next month
depan
Complete a picking ticket for a melengkapi tiket pilihan
Revenue Cycle
untuk pesanan pelanggan
customer order
Mencatat timecard
Record factory employee
Human Resource/Payroll
karyawan pabrik
timecards
Cycle
Menjual tiket konser
Sell concert tickets
Revenue Cycle
Membuat jalur kredit
Draw on line of credit
Financing Cycle
mengirim karyawan baru
Send new employees to a
Human Resource/Payroll
untuk kursus etika bisnis
business ethics course
Cycle
Membayar tagihan
Pay utility bills
Expenditure Cycle
Pay property taxes on an office Membayar pajak properti
Expenditure Cycle
pada gedung perkantoran
building
Membayar pajak gaji
Pay federal payroll taxes
Human Resource/Payroll
karyawan ke negara
Cycle
Jual DVD player
Sell a DVD player
Revenue Cycle
Collect payments on customer Mengumpulkan pembayaran Revenue Cycle
dari rekening nasabah
accounts
Memperoleh pinjaman bank Financing Cycle
Obtain a bank loan
Membayar komisi penjualan Human Resource/Payroll
Pay sales commissions
Cycle

Send an order to a vendor

Put purchased goods into the
warehouse

Kirim pesanan untuk vendor

Masukan barang yang dibeli
ke gudang

Expenditure Cycle
Expenditure Cycle

Problem 2.2
Ollie Mace is the controller of SDC, an automotive parts manufacturing firm. Its four
major operating divisions are heat treating, extruding, small parts stamping, and
machining. Last year's sales from each division ranged from $150,000 to $3,000,000. Each
division is physically and managerially independent, except for the constant surveillance of
Sam Dilley, the firm's founder.
The AIS for each division evolved according to the needs and abilities of its accounting
staff. Mace is the first controller to have responsibility for overall financial management.
Dilley wants Mace to improve the AIS before he retires in a few years so that it will be easier
to monitor division performance. Mace decides to redesign the financial reporting system to
include the following features:
It should give managers uniform, timely, and accurate reports of business activity.
Monthly reports should be uniform across divisions and be completed by the fifth day of
the following month to provide enough time to take corrective actions to affect the next
month's performance. Company-wide financial reports should be available at the same
time.
Reports should provide a basis for measuring the return on investment for each division.
Thus, in addition to revenue and expense accounts, reports should show assets
assigned to each division.
The system should generate meaningful budget data for planning and decision-making
purposes. Budgets should reflect managerial responsibility and show costs for major
product groups.
Mace believes that a new chart of accounts is required to accomplish these goals. He
wants to divide asset accounts into six major categories, such as current assets and plant
and equipment. He does not foresee a need for more than 10 control accounts within each
of these categories. From his observations to date, 100 subsidiary accounts are more than
adequate for each control account.
No division has more than five major product groups. Mace foresees a maximum of six
cost centers within any product group, including both the operating and non operating
groups. He views general divisional costs as a non-revenue-producing product group. Mace
estimates that 44 expense accounts plus 12 specific variance accounts would be adequate.
Required
Design a chart of accounts for SDC. Explain how you structured the chart of accounts to
meet the company's needs and operating characteristics. Keep total account code length to
a minimum, while still satisfying all of Mace's desires. (CMA Examination, adapted)

Problem 2.5
Match the following terms with their definitions.
a.

data processing cycle

b.

source documents

c.

turnaround documents

1
0
2
3
7

d.
e.

source data
automation
general ledger

1
6
1

f.

subsidiary ledger

g.

control account

1
3
2
6

h.

coding

i.

sequence code

j.

block code

k.

group code

l.

mnemonic code

m.

chart of accounts

n.
o.

General journal
Specialized journal

p.

audit trail

8
1
7
3

q.

entity

r.
s.

attribute
field

t.

record

u.

data value

v.

master file

w.

transaction file

2
1
2

2
5
1
9
2
2

1
1
9
6
2
4
5
1
2
1
4

The steps a company must follow to efficiently and

effectively process data about its transactions
Initial record of a transaction that takes place; usually
recorded on preprinted forms or formattted screens
Company data sent to an external party and then
returned to the system as input
Devices that capture transaction data in machinereadable form at the time and place of their origin
Contains summary-level data for every asset, liability,
equity, revenue, and expense account
Contains detailed data for any general ledger account
with many individual subaccounts
The general ledger account corresponding to a
subsidiary ledger, where the sum of all subsidiary ledger
entries should equal the amount in the general ledger
account
Systematic assignment of numbers or letters to items to
classify and organize them
Items are numbered consecutively to account for all
items; missing items cause a gap in the numerical
sequence
Sets of numbers are reserved for specific categories of
data
Two or more subgroups of digits are used to code items
Letters and numbers, derived from the item description,
are interspersed to identify items; usually easy to
memorize
List of general ledger account numbers; allows
transaction
data to be coded, classified, and entered into proper
accounts; facilitates preparation of financial statements
and reports
Used to record infrequent or non-routine transactions
Used to record large numbers of repetitive transactions
Path of a transaction through a data processing system
from point of origin to final output, or backwards from
final output to point of origin
Something about which information is stored
Characteristics of interest that need to be stored
Portion of a data record that contains the data value for
a particular attribute, like a cell in a spreadsheet
Fields containing data about entity attributes; like a row
in a spreadsheet
Contents of a specific field, such as George in a name
field
Stores cumulative information about an organization;
like a ledger in a manual AIS.
Contains records of individual business transactions that
occur during a specific time period

x.

database

y.

batch processing

z.

Online, real-time
processing

1
8
2
0
1
5

Set of interrelated, centrally coordinated files

Updating done periodically, such as daily
Updating each transaction as it occurs