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Parts of Speech

A sentence is a group of words that makes


complete sense.

Parts of speech are the components of a


sentence.

A sentence or speech is made up of eight


parts or classes of words.
These parts perform different roles in a
sentence.
A sentence may use two or more parts of
speech in order to convey a thought.

Parts of Speech
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Noun
Pronoun
Adjective
Verb
Adverb
Preposition
Conjuction
Interjection

NOUN
is a word used as the name of a person, place or
thing.
The word thing here means all things concrete
or abstract , including human feelings and
emotions.
Examples:
Sita loves to read books.
Boys are playing football.

PRONOUN
In simple words, a pronoun is a word used in
place of noun.
Examples:
You are late.
I am sorry.
The camera is where you left it.

ADJECTIVE
is a word that qualifies noun. It adds
quality to a noun.
Examples:
Meera is a beautiful girl.
It is a difficult problem.

VERB
A verb is a word that tells us what a noun or
pronoun is doing in a sentence. Words like is,
am, are, was, were also function as verbs. They
come under the class of Be verbs.
Examples:
I never tell a lie.
Do you believe in God?
Farmers are working in their fields.

Name parts of speech of the underlined words in


the sentences below:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Sunday is a holiday.
I fast on Monday.
He slipped on the wet floor.
Where are you?

MUCH / MANY
The words much and many mean a lot of.
If a noun is in singular, we use much
Example:
much money

If a noun is in plural, we use many


Example:
many friends

Use of much / many


In everyday English, we normally use much / many only in questions
and negative clauses.
Example:
How much money have you got?
Carla does not have many friends.
In positive clauses with so, as or too, we also use much / many.
Example:
Carla has so many friends.
She has as many friends as Sue.
Kevin has too much money.
In all other positive clauses, however, we prefer expressions like a
lot of / lots of.
Example:
Carla has a lot of / lots of friends.
Kevin has a lot of / lots of money.
In formal texts, however, much / many are also common in positive
clauses. This you will notice for example when you read English
news.

Countable / Uncountable Nouns


In connection with much / many people often speak of countable
nouns and uncountable nouns.
Countable nouns have a singular and a plural form. In plural, these
nouns can be used with a number (that's why they are called
'countable nouns'). Countable nouns take many.
Example:
100 friends many friends

Uncountable nouns can only be used in singular. These nouns


cannot be used with a number (that's why they are called
'uncountable nouns'). Uncountable nouns take much.
Example:
100 money much money

Note: Of course you can count money but then you would name
the currency and say that you have got 5 euro (but not 5 money).

Decide whether you have to use


much or many.
_____ cars
_____ music
_____ pictures
______flowers
______milk
______numbers
______money
______ tea
______girls
______pencils

many
much
many
many
much
many
much
much
many
many

cars
music
pictures
flowers
milk
numbers
money
tea
girls
pencils

MUCH / MANY
_____ food
_____ evenings
______ websites
______ sugar
______ women
______ cheese
______ children
______ time
_______ mice
_______ information

much food
many evenings
much - websites
much sugar
many women
much cheese
many children
much time
many mice
much information

Decide whether you have to use


much or many.
1.
2.
3.
4.

She has so ________ friends!


Too ______ cooks spoil the broth.
Hurry up. I don't have so _______ time.
We went to a dairy yesterday. I had never seen so ______ cows
before.
5. It's also quite amazing how _____ milk these cows produce every
day.
6. You have too ______ money. Won't you share it with me?
7. There are so ________ poor people in the world.
8. There are too _________ children in the house.
9. My father doesn't drink ________ coffee.
10.How ________ of you have ever been to London?

She has so many friends!


Too many cooks spoil the broth.
Hurry up. I don't have so much time.
We went to a dairy yesterday. I had never seen so many cows
before.
It's also quite amazing how much milk these cows produce every
day.
You have too much money. Won't you share it with me?
There are so many poor people in the world.
There are too many children in the house.
My father doesn't drink much coffee.
How many of you have ever been to London?

Decide whether you have to use


much or many.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Jane hasn't got ________ time.


Do you know ________ words in English?
He didn't eat ________meat.
There isn't ________ butter in the fridge.
How _______ eggs did the hens lay?
Samantha has as _______ money as Bruce.
How ________ lessons do you have on Mondays?
There was too _______ noise in the streets.
I cannot see ________ stars in the sky tonight.
Do you have _________ friends abroad?

Jane hasn't got much time.


Do you know many words in English?
He didn't eat much meat.
There isn't much butter in the fridge.
How many eggs did the hens lay?
Samantha has as much money as Bruce.
How many lessons do you have on Mondays?
There was too much noise in the streets.
I cannot see many stars in the sky tonight.
Do you have many friends abroad?

Decide whether you have to use


much or many.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

There is too ________ water in the bath tub.


How ______ brothers and sisters has Anne got?
I don't receive _______ letters nowadays.
How ________ rice do you eat per week?
I put too ______ salt in the soup.
How _________people were at the party?
It doesn't make ________ sense.
There wasn't _________ traffic on the motorway.
My grandfather does not have _______ hair, anymore.
How ________ plates do we need?

There is too much water in the bath tub.


How many brothers and sisters has Anne got?
I don't receive many letters nowadays.
How much rice do you eat per week?
I put too much salt in the soup.
How many people were at the party?
It doesn't make much sense.
There wasn't much traffic on the motorway.
My grandfather does not have much hair, anymore.
How many plates do we need

SOME / ANY
The words some and any are used for
countable and uncountable nouns. In
general, we could say that some means a
few / a little and any means none in
negative clauses or a few / a little in
questions.

Positive Clauses
In positive clauses, we usually use some.
Example:
I have bought some bread.
I have bought some apples.

Negative Clauses
In negative clauses, we use any. Note,
however, that any alone is not a negative it must be not ... any
Example:
I have not bought any bread.
I have not bought any apples.

Questions
In questions, we usually use any.
Example:
Have you bought any bread?
Have you bought any apples?

Compound Words with some &


any

Some & any can also be part of compound words such as:
something / anything
someone / anyone
somewhere / anywhere
Note that some & any have to be used with a noun while compound
words with some & any can stand on their own.
Example:
I have bought some bread.
I have bought something.

However, some and any need not stand directly before the noun.
Sometimes, the noun appears somewhere before some or any and
is not repeated. So if you are not sure whether to
use some or something for example, check if there is a noun in the
sentence that you can place after some.
Example:
I do not have to buy bread. Rachel has already bought some [bread].

Exceptions

Positive Clauses with Any

We usually use some in positive clauses. But after never, without, hardly, we use any.
Example:

We never go anywhere.
She did her homework without any help.
Theres hardly anyone here.

Also in if clauses, we usually use any.


Example:

If there is anything to do, just call me.

Questions with Some

We usually use any in questions. But if we expect or want the other to answer yes, we use some.
Example:

Have you got any brothers and sisters? some people


have brothers or sisters, others don't - we cannot expect
the answer to be yes
Would you like some biscuits? we offer something and
want to encourage the other to say ja

Fill in the correct word


(some or any).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Sue went to the cinema with ______ of her friends!


Jane doesn't have _______ friends.
Have you got _______brothers or sisters?
Here is ______ food for the cat.
I think you should put ______ flowers on the table.
Could you check if there are ______ calls on the
answering machine?
7. I don't want _______presents for my birthday.
8. Did they have ______ news for you?
9. I'm hungry - I'll have ________sandwiches.
10. There aren't _________ apples left.

Sue went to the cinema with some of her friends!


Jane doesn't have any friends.
Have you got any brothers or sisters?
Here is some food for the cat.
I think you should put some flowers on the table.
Could you check if there are any calls on the
answering machine?
I don't want any presents for my birthday.
Did they have any news for you?
I'm hungry - I'll have some sandwiches.
There aren't any apples left.

Fill in the correct word


(some or any).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

I need a hammer and _________ nails.


He does not want _______help.
There are ______ sheep in the garden.
Do you know ________famous people?
They often invite _______ friends to their home.
Do you have ________ idea what they are doing
there?
7. Charly doesn't have _______ pets.
8. My little brother already knows ______words in
English.
9. My mum doesn't speak ______ foreign languages.
10. I've got _______ sweets for you.

I need a hammer and some nails.


He does not want any help.
There are some sheep in the garden.
Do you know any famous people?
They often invite some friends to their home.
Do you have any idea what they are doing there?
Charly doesn't have any pets.
My little brother already knows some words in English.
My mum doesn't speak any foreign languages.
I've got some sweets for you.

Fill in the correct word


(someone or anyone).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

I know _______ who is 100 years old.


There is ______at the door.
Did ______ call?
There wasn't________ at home.
I think there is ______in the bushes.
I won't tell ______ about your secret.
I didn't know the way, so I had to ask_______ .
Has _______ seen my keys?
I would not give my bike to _________ .
This jacket does not belong to _______ of us.

know someone who is 100 years old.


There is someone at the door.
Did anyone call?
There wasn't anyone at home.
I think there is someone in the bushes.
I won't tell anyone about your secret.
I didn't know the way, so I had to ask someone .
Has anyone seen my keys?
I would not give my bike to anyone .
This jacket does not belong to anyone of us.

Fill in the correct word


(something or anything)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Is there ______ I could do for you?


There is _______ in your hair.
He said ______stupid.
Did you buy ________ ?
There isn't ________in the fridge.
Do you know ______ about Ireland?
I couldn't see _______ in the dark.
Bob asked her ________ .
I haven't heard _______of Sue for ages.
Has ______ happened while I was away?

Is there anything I could do for you?


There is something in your hair.
He said something stupid.
Did you buy anything ?
There isn't anything in the fridge.
Do you know anything about Ireland?
I couldn't see anything in the dark.
Bob asked her something .
I haven't heard anything of Sue for ages.
Has anything happened while I was away?

Fill in the correct word


(somewhere or anywhere).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Have you seen my necklace _______ ?


The restaurant must be _______ around here.
My friend lives ________ in Spain.
I cannot find my glasses _______ .
Did you travel _______ last weekend?
We have been ________ near London.
Is Jane ______ around?
I haven't seen her ________ .
Have you parked your car ______near?
Let's go ______next weekend.

Have you seen my necklace anywhere ?


The restaurant must be somewhere around here.
My friend lives somewhere in Spain.
I cannot find my glasses anywhere .
Did you travel somewhere last weekend?
We have been somewhere near London.
Is Jane anywhere around?
I haven't seen her anywhere .
Have you parked your car anywhere near?
Let's go somewhere next weekend.

Fill in the correct word.


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Phil is watching ________ on TV.


Can you see Simon __________ ?
My little sister doesn't eat ________with carrots.
My grandfather is _______ who doesn't
go ______ near a computer.
The accident happened _____near our school.
Does _______ speak Japanese?
__________ will wait for you at the station.
Your cup is _______ in the kitchen.
Your room is still a mess. Have you cleaned
up _________ yet?

Phil is watching something on TV.


Can you see Simon anywhere ?
My little sister doesn't eat anything with carrots.
My grandfather is someone who doesn't go anywhere near a
computer.
The accident happened somewhere near our school.
Does anyone speak Japanese?
Someone will wait for you at the station.
Your cup is somewhere in the kitchen.
Your room is still a mess. Have you cleaned up anything yet?

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