MORENAHQODUHFRQJXUDFLyQGHOVLVWHPD

GHSDUWLGRVHQ0p[LFR
Ricardo Espinoza Toledo*
Juan Pablo Navarrete Vela**

Resumen
(QHOSUHVHQWHWH[WRVHREVHUYDTXHHOVLVWHPDGHSDUWLGRVHQ0p[LFRVHKDFDUDFWHUL]DGRSRU
HOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHWUHVRIHUWDVSROtWLFDVSUHGRPLQDQWHVPRI, PAN y PRDFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDO
SOXUDOLVPRPRGHUDGR6LQHPEDUJRHVWHSUHGRPLQLRWULSDUWLGLVWDKDOLPLWDGRHOFUHFLPLHQWRGH
ORVSDUWLGRVSHTXHxRV\ODHPHUJHQFLDGHXQDFXDUWDIXHU]DSROtWLFDFRPSHWLWLYD(OSOXUDOLVPR
PRGHUDGRQRKDDOHQWDGRHOGHVDUUROORHOHFWRUDOGHORVQXHYRVSDUWLGRVDOJRTXHWDPELpQVH
UHHMDHQODLQWHJUDFLyQGHO&RQJUHVR/DHPHUJHQFLDGHMORENA SDUWLGRSROtWLFRYLQRDPRGLFDUHVDOyJLFDSRUVXFDSDFLGDGGHFRQYHUWLUVHHQXQSDUWLGRFRPSHWLWLYRDODDOWXUDGHORV
RWURVWUHVEDMRHOOLGHUD]JRGH$QGUpV0DQXHO/ySH]2EUDGRU
Palabras clave:3OXUDOLVPRPRGHUDGROLGHUD]JRFDULVPiWLFRSDUWLGRVSROtWLFRV,]TXLHUGD
6LVWHPDSROtWLFRPH[LFDQR
Abstract
,QWKHSUHVHQWDUWLFOHZHREVHUYHWKDWWKHV\VWHPRISDUWLHVLQ0H[LFRKDVPHDQWWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQW
RIWKUHHSUHGRPLQDQWSROLWLFDORIIHULQJVPRI, PANDQGPRDFKDUDFWHULVWLFRIPRGHUDWHSOXUDOLVP
+RZHYHUWKLVWKUHHSDUW\GRPLQDQFHKDVOLPLWHGWKHJURZWKRIVPDOOSDUWLHVDQGWKHHPHUJHQFH
RIDIRXUWKFRPSHWLWLYHSROLWLFDOIRUFH0RGHUDWHSOXUDOLVPKDVQRWHQFRXUDJHGWKHHOHFWRUDOGHYHORSPHQWRIQHZSDUWLHVVRPHWKLQJZKLFKLVDOVRUHHFWHGLQWKHLQWHJUDWLRQRIWKH&RQJUHVV
7KHHPHUJHQFHRIMORENASROLWLFDOSDUW\FDPHWRFKDQJHWKLVORJLFIRUWKHLUDELOLW\WREHFRPHD
FRPSHWLWLYHPDWFKDWWKHKHLJKWRIWKHRWKHUWKUHHWDNLQJDGYDQWDJHRIWKHOHDGHUVKLSRI$QGUpV
0DQXHO/ySH]2EUDGRU
Keywords: 0RGHUDWHSOXUDOLVPFKDULVPDWLFOHDGHUVKLSSROLWLFDOSDUWLHV/HIWZLQJ0H[LFDQ
SROLWLFDOV\VWHP

Recibido: GHRFWXEUHGHAceptado:GHQRYLHPEUHGH
* 'RFWRUHQ&LHQFLD3ROtWLFDSRUOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH3DULV,6RUERQQH(V3URIHVRULQYHVWLJDGRUGH7LHPSR&RPSOHWRGH&LHQFLD3ROtWLFDHQOD8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPD0HWURSROLWDQD
,]WDSDODSD(VPLHPEURGHO6LVWHPD1DFLRQDOGH,QYHVWLJDGRUHV6XVOtQHDVGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ
VRQSDUWLGRVSROtWLFRV\UHODFLRQHV(MHFXWLYR/HJLVODWLYR
**'RFWRUHQ(VWXGLRV6RFLDOHVFRQHVSHFLDOLGDGHQ3URFHVRV3ROtWLFRVSRUOD8QLYHUVLGDG
$XWyQRPD0HWURSROLWDQD,]WDSDODSDUAM - I(VSURIHVRUGHOD8QLYHUVLGDGGHOD&LpQHJDGHO
(VWDGRGH0LFKRDFiQ(VPLHPEURGHO6LVWHPD1DFLRQDOGH,QYHVWLJDGRUHV6XVOtQHDVGH
LQYHVWLJDFLyQVRQSDUWLGRVSROtWLFRVOLGHUD]JRSROtWLFR\SURFHVRVHOHFWRUDOHV
D.R. 2011. Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Facultad de Ciencias Polticas y Sociales, Centro de
Estudios Polticos. Estudios Polticos nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109, Mxico, D.F., ISSN: 0185-1616

82

5,&$5'2(63,12= $72/('2-8$13$%/21$9$55(7(9(/ $

Introduccin

OSUHVHQWHDUWtFXORUHH[LRQDDFHUFDGHODVLPSOLFDFLRQHVGHODHPHUJHQFLDGHO0RYLPLHQWR5HJHQHUDFLyQ1DFLRQDOMORENAHQHOVLVWHPD

GHSDUWLGRVPH[LFDQRGHSOXUDOLVPRPRGHUDGR MORENAREWXYRVX
UHJLVWURFRPRSDUWLGRHQINE/CG\HQSRUYH]SULPHUD
IRUPySDUWHGHODFRQWLHQGDHOHFWRUDOHQTXHVHFRQIURQWyFRQHO3DUWLGR5HYROXFLRQDULR,QVWLWXFLRQDOPRIHO3DUWLGR$FFLyQ1DFLRQDOPAN\HO3DUWLGR
GH OD 5HYROXFLyQ 'HPRFUiWLFD PRD ODV WUHV IXHU]DV SUHGRPLQDQWHV GHO
VLVWHPDSROtWLFRPH[LFDQR
(OLPSDFWRGHMORENAHQHOVLVWHPDGHSDUWLGRVSURYLHQHGHODLQXHQFLD
\SUHVHQFLDSROtWLFDGHVXOtGHUIXQGDGRU$QGUpV0DQXHO/ySH]2EUDGRU(O
FDSLWDOSROtWLFRGHHVWHGLULJHQWHHVWiDVRFLDGRDODKLVWRULDGHOPRDRUJDQL]DFLyQDODTXHSUHVLGLy\GHODTXHIXHFDQGLGDWRSUHVLGHQFLDOHQGRVRFDVLRQHV
\'HVSXpVGHODVHOHFFLRQHVSUHVLGHQFLDOHVGH\DQWHODV
GLIHUHQFLDVFRQODOtQHDVHJXLGDSRUODGLUHFFLyQQDFLRQDOSHUUHGLVWD/ySH]
2EUDGRUUHQXQFLyDOPRDSDUDIXQGDUXQQXHYRSDUWLGR'HVGHODIXQGDFLyQ
GHO PRDHQQRKDEtDRFXUULGRXQDHVFLVLyQTXHDIHFWDUDWDQWRDHVD
RUJDQL]DFLyQ\ODSULYDUDGHOOLGHUD]JRDFWLYRPiVLPSRUWDQWHGHODL]TXLHUGD$SDUWLUGHODVHOHFFLRQHVGHODFXHVWLyQTXHVHSODQWHDHVVLOD
L]TXLHUGDPH[LFDQDHQHVWHFDVRHOPRD y MORENAHVWiHQFRQGLFLRQHVGH
FRPSHWLUGHPDQHUDXQLFDGDHQODVHOHFFLRQHVSUHVLGHQFLDOHVGHR
VHIUDJPHQWDUiHQWUHORVVHJXLGRUHVGH/ySH]2EUDGRU\ MORENASRUXQ
ODGR\HOPRDSRUHORWUR
/RVUHVXOWDGRVGHODVHOHFFLRQHVLQWHUPHGLDVGHMXQLRGHVRQXQ
LQGLFDGRUSUHFLVRGHODIXHU]DGHMORENA&RPRHVHOSULPHUSURFHVRHOHFWRUDOHQTXHSDUWLFLSDHVWHSDUWLGRQRH[LVWtDQGDWRVDFHUFDGHODOFDQFHGH
VXLPSODQWDFLyQDH[FHSFLyQGHORVVRQGHRVGHRSLQLyQVREUHSUHIHUHQFLDV
HOHFWRUDOHV&RQHVWDUHIHUHQFLDSDUWtDPRVGHOVXSXHVWRVHJ~QHOFXDOOD
SUHVHQFLDGHMORENAPRGLFDUtDODFRUUHODFLyQGHIXHU]DVGHODL]TXLHUGD
SRUHVWLPDUVXSHQHWUDFLyQHQDOUHGHGRUGHOGHODYRWDFLyQQDFLRQDOORV
UHVXOWDGRVHOHFWRUDOHVVXSHUDURQHVWDH[SHFWDWLYDDOVLWXDUORHQPREP
GHOINEGHMXQLRGHODFXDUWDIXHU]DSROtWLFDQDFLRQDOSRUHOSRUFHQWDMHGHYRWRV(VWHHVXQGDWRH[FHSFLRQDOSXHVWRTXHGHVGHODIRUPDFLyQ
GHOPRD\VXDQWHFHGHQWHLQPHGLDWRHO)UHQWH'HPRFUiWLFR1DFLRQDOFDN),
QLQJ~QQXHYRSDUWLGRDOFDQ]yHVDFDQWLGDGGHYRWRVHQHOSULPHUSURFHVR
HOHFWRUDOGHOTXHIRUPySDUWH

En el DF, MORENAVHFRQYLUWLyHQODSULPHUDIXHU]DSROtWLFDDOJDQDUGLVWULWRVGHPD\RUtDIUHQWHDGHOPRD\GH'HOHJDFLRQHV3ROtWLFDVPREPGHOINEGHMXQLRGH

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109

MORENA EN L A RECONFIGUR ACIN DEL SISTEMA DE PARTIDOS EN MXICO



$KRUDELHQSRUPX\UHOHYDQWHTXHVHDHVHSRUFHQWDMHSDUDGLVSRQHUGH
XQJUXSRLPSRUWDQWHGHOHJLVODGRUHVHQHO&RQJUHVRIHGHUDOGHGLSXWDGRV
HVLQVXFLHQWHWDQWRSDUDLQXLUGHFLVLYDPHQWHHQHOSURFHVROHJLVODWLYRFRPRSDUDSRUVtVRORHQIUHQWDUXQDFRQWLHQGDSUHVLGHQFLDOH[LWRVDMORENA
UHTXLHUHGHDOLDGRVSDUDHVWDUHQFRQGLFLRQHVGHWULXQIDUHQODVHOHFFLRQHV
SUHVLGHQFLDOHVGH(OGHO PRDDQLYHOQDFLRQDOVHDQWRMDQHFHVDULRSDUDHVHSURSyVLWR6LFDGDXQRGHHVWRVSDUWLGRVSUHVHQWD FDQGLGDWR
SUHVLGHQFLDO SURSLR VH DQLTXLODQ PXWXDPHQWH GHMDQGR HO FDPSR DELHUWR
DODLQVWDXUDFLyQGHOELSDUWLGLVPR PRI-PANTXHVLJQLFDODH[FOXVLyQGHOD
L]TXLHUGDODIXHU]DTXHFRQVWLWX\HHOORJURPiVLPSRUWDQWHGHOSURFHVRGH
GHPRFUDWL]DFLyQHQ0p[LFR
(OHVWXGLRGHOSDSHOGHMORENAHQHOSURFHVRSROtWLFRPH[LFDQRHVSHUWLQHQWHDGHPiVSRUVHUXQSDUWLGROLJDGRDXQOtGHUFDULVPiWLFRIXHUWHDOJR
TXHQRVHKDEtDUHSHWLGRGHVGHODFUHDFLyQGHO)UHQWH'HPRFUiWLFR1DFLRQDO
FDNTXHGLRSDVRDO PRD/DHPHUJHQFLDGHHVWDFXDUWDIXHU]DSROtWLFD
FRPSHWLWLYDLPSOLFDODUHFRQJXUDFLyQGHOVLVWHPDGHSDUWLGRV\XQUHDFRPRGRHQODLQWHJUDFLyQGHO&RQJUHVRIHGHUDO\VXVJUXSRV/DFDSDFLGDGGH
DWUDFFLyQTXHWLHQHODSHUVRQDOLGDGGH/ySH]2EUDGRUTXHGyGHPDQLHVWRHQ
ORVSURFHVRVGHHOHFFLyQSUHVLGHQFLDOGH\HQORVTXHDEDQGHUy
al PRD6XVDOLGDGHODVODVGHOSDUWLGRGHOVROD]WHFDWLHQHFRPRXQDGH
VXVFRQVHFXHQFLDVTXHVXVVHJXLGRUHV\VLPSDWL]DQWHVWDPELpQGLULMDQVXV
YRWRVKDFLDHOQXHYRSDUWLGRMORENAHQGHWULPHQWRGHOPRD
3DUDDERUGDUORVWHPDVDQWHVUHIHULGRVHVWHWH[WRVHRUJDQL]DHQWUHV
DSDUWDGRV,(OSUHGRPLQLRGHWUHVSDUWLGRV,,(OOLGHUD]JRGH$QGUpV0DQXHO
/ySH]2EUDGRU\,,,MORENAODFXDUWDIXHU]DSROtWLFDFRPSHWLWLYD

I. El predominio de tres partidos polticos

'HVGHODFUHDFLyQGHOPRDODFRPSHWHQFLDHOHFWRUDOVHFRQFHQWUyHQ
WUHVJUDQGHVIXHU]DVSROtWLFDVTXHLQFOX\HQD35,\3$1(O35,FRQVXV
DQWHFHVRUHVPNR y PRMIXHHOHVSDFLRLQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DGRSDUDGLVFLSOLQDUD
ODFODVHSROtWLFD\DVHJXUDUODURWDFLyQSDFtFDHQHOHMHUFLFLRGHOSRGHUGHVSXpVGHOD5HYROXFLyQ0H[LFDQD/RVSROtWLFRVFLYLOHVTXHVXVWLWX\HURQDORV
PLOLWDUHVHQOD3UHVLGHQFLDGHOD5HS~EOLFDPDQWXYLHURQXQPDUFDGRVHQWLGR
SRSXOLVWDMXVWLFDGRHQORVFRPSURPLVRVVRFLDOHVGHOD5HYROXFLyQTXHIXH
SURJUHVLYDPHQWHDEDQGRQDGRGHVGHORVDxRVRFKHQWD$GOHU\0HQGLHWD
(OPRIPDQWXYRHOSRGHUSUHVLGHQFLDOKDVWDHODxR\ORUHFXSHUy
HQGHVSXpVGHXQSDUpQWHVLVGHGRFHDxRVHQTXHODYLFWRULDGHOPAN
SURGXMRODSULPHUDDOWHUQDQFLDHQOD3UHVLGHQFLDGHOD5HS~EOLFD

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109



5,&$5'2(63,12= $72/('2-8$13$%/21$9$55(7(9(/ $

El PAN QDFLGR HQ  VXUJLy HQ RSRVLFLyQ DO LGHDULR UHYROXFLRQDULR
IXQGDGRHQODUHFWRUtDGHO(VWDGR'HFRUWHFRQVHUYDGRUKDSURPRYLGROD
GHIHQVD GH YDORUHV WUDGLFLRQDOHV \ VH KD QXWULGR GHO HPSUHVDULDGR (VWH
SDUWLGR OOHJy D OD 3UHVLGHQFLD GH OD 5HS~EOLFD HQ  HQFDEH]DGR SRU
9LFHQWH)R[FDQGLGDWRGHOD$OLDQ]DSRUHO&DPELRLQWHJUDGDSRUHOPAN y
HO3DUWLGR9HUGH(FRORJLVWDGH0p[LFRPVEM6XYLFWRULDHVWiUHODFLRQDGD
FRQHODJRWDPLHQWRGHXQFLFORGHOPRIGHVXIRUPDGHXWLOL]DUHOSRGHU\GH
VXVSROtWLFDV\FRQXQDL]TXLHUGDTXHQRPLQySRUWHUFHUDRFDVLyQDO,QJ
&iUGHQDVFX\DFDSDFLGDGGHDWUDFFLyQHVWDED\DGLVPLQXLGD/RDH]D
'tD]
El PRDIXHIXQGDGRSRURUJDQL]DFLRQHVSURJUHVLVWDV\GHL]TXLHUGDHQ
SRFRGHVSXpVGHVHUGHUURWDGDVHQODVHOHFFLRQHVSUHVLGHQFLDOHVGH
(VWHKHFKRPDUFyODOtQHDGHOQXHYRSDUWLGRTXHVHSHUOyFRPRXQD
RSRVLFLyQUDGLFDODOJRELHUQRHQFDEH]DGRSRU&DUORV6DOLQDVGH*RUWDULPRI)
FRQHODUJXPHQWRGHOIUDXGHHOHFWRUDO(QHOSODQRLGHROyJLFRHOPRDVXUJLy
FRPRXQSDUWLGRGHFRUWHVRFLDOGHPyFUDWD(VWUXFWXUDGRHQWRUQRDOIXHUWH
OLGHUD]JR GHO ,QJ &iUGHQDV HQ XQD SULPHUD HWDSD \ GH /ySH] 2EUDGRU
GHVSXpVODFRQVWUXFFLyQRUJiQLFDGHOPRDVHDFRPSDxyGHXQDGpELOLQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DFLyQ%RUMDV0H\HQEHUJ0DUWtQH]
 (OVLVWHPDSROtWLFRSOXUDOVHFRQIRUPyFRQEDVHHQWUHVRIHUWDVSUHVHQWHV
GHVGHODVHOHFFLRQHVSUHVLGHQFLDOHVGH PRI, PAN y PRDDXQTXHHVWH
~OWLPRVXUJHFRQHVWDGHQRPLQDFLyQHQ'HVGHHQWRQFHV\KDVWDODV
HOHFFLRQHVGHQRVHYLVOXPEUyODSUHVHQFLDGHXQFXDUWRSDUWLGRFDSD]
GHVXSHUDUHOGHYRWRVSRUFHQWDMHPi[LPRDOFDQ]DGRSRUXQRGHORV
SDUWLGRVSHTXHxRVHQ2DSHVDUGHODHPHUJHQFLDLQFHVDQWHGHQXHYDV
RUJDQL]DFLRQHVSDUWLGLVWDV
(QXQDUWtFXORSXEOLFDGRHQ(VSLQR]D\0H\HQEHUJUHH[LRQDEDQ
DFHUFDGHODH[LVWHQFLDGHXQVLVWHPDGHSOXUDOLVPRPRGHUDGRH[FOX\HQWH
HQ WpUPLQRV GH OD FODVLFDFLyQ GH 6DUWRUL SOXUDOLVPR SRUTXH FXPSOtD FRQ
ORVUHTXLVLWRVGHXQVLVWHPDFRPSHWLWLYR\GHPRFUiWLFR\DGHPiVSHUPLWtDOD
H[LVWHQFLDGHKDVWDFLQFRSDUWLGRVLPSRUWDQWHV6DUWRULSHUR
OHDJUHJDEDQODFRQQRWDFLyQGHH[FOX\HQWHSRUTXHDSHVDUGHTXHIRUPDOPHQWHVHSRGtDFRQVWLWXLUXQFXDUWRSDUWLGRIXHUWHVHSULYLOHJLDEDDORVWUHV
JUDQGHVPLHQWUDVORVSDUWLGRVSHTXHxRVTXHGDEDQUHOHJDGRVDXQSRUFHQWDMH
PHQRUTXHLPSHGtDVXGHVDUUROOR/RVDXWRUHVORH[SOLFDQDVt
2
El PVEMREWXYRHVHSRUFHQWDMHAtlas de Resultados Electorales Federales, 1991-2009,
INE(QODVHOHFFLRQHVLQWHUPHGLDVGHOGHMXQLRGHHOPVEMSXGRDSHQDVUHEDVDU
HOGHORVYRWRV)XHQWHPREP/INE, KWWSZZZLQHP[35(3GLIXVRUHVKWPO&RQVXOWDGRHO

GHMXQLR

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109

MORENA EN L A RECONFIGUR ACIN DEL SISTEMA DE PARTIDOS EN MXICO



(OVLVWHPDGHSDUWLGRVGHVHPERFDHQXQSOXUDOLVPRH[FOX\HQWHTXHVHGLVWLQJXH
GHOSOXUDOLVPROLPLWDGRHQUD]yQGHTXHQRHVUHVXOWDGRGHXQDLPSRVLFLyQGHO
UpJLPHQQLHVGHULYDGRGHOH\HVFRDFWLYDVSURSLDVGHXQVLVWHPDQRFRPSHWLWLYR
PiVELHQVHDVHPHMDDOSOXUDOLVPRPRGHUDGRSURSXHVWRSRU*LRYDQQL6DUWRULHQOD
PHGLGDHQTXHVHFRQIRUPDQWUHVRIHUWDVSROtWLFDVLPSRUWDQWHVSHURVHGLVWLQJXH
GHpVWHHQTXHSUiFWLFDPHQWHFLHUUDODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVDOGHVDUUROORGHQXHYDV
RSFLRQHVSROtWLFDV(VSLQR]D\0H\HQEHUJ

/DVLWXDFLyQDQWHVGHVFULWDVHKDEtDPDQWHQLGRLQYDULDEOHKDVWDODVHOHFFLRQHVIHGHUDOHVGHO/DOOHJDGDGH MORENAVLQHPEDUJRPRGLFy
HVHHVTXHPD/DSULPHUDDSUR[LPDFLyQVHSUHVHQWyHQODVHOHFFLRQHVSDUD
GLSXWDGRVIHGHUDOHVGHMORENAFRPSLWLyVRORHVWRHVVLQFRDOLJDUVH
\GHEtDDOFDQ]DUDOPHQRVHOGHYRWRVSDUDPDQWHQHUVXUHJLVWURFRPR
SDUWLGRDOJRTXHVHVXSRQtDIXHUDGHGXGDV(OUHWRVLQHPEDUJRHUDVXSHUDU
ODEDUUHUDGHOSRUFLHQWRSRVLELOLGDGDWULEXLGDVREUHWRGRDOFDULVPDGH
VXOtGHU$QGUpV0DQXHO/ySH]2EUDGRU/LGHUD]JRVGHHVDQDWXUDOH]DFRPSHQVDQODIUDJLOLGDGGHODRUJDQL]DFLyQDOWLHPSRTXHOHDWUDHQVLPSDWL]DQWHV
\PLOLWDQWHV(VRKDFHTXHVHDQWHPLGRV\FRPEDWLGRVSRUVXVDGYHUVDULRV
(QORV(VWDWXWRVGHMORENAVHHVWDEOHFHTXHHO&RPLWp(MHFXWLYR1DFLRQDO
HVWiLQWHJUDGRSRUSHUVRQDVHQFX\RYpUWLFHVHHQFXHQWUDQHOSUHVLGHQWH
QDFLRQDO\HOVHFUHWDULRJHQHUDO)RUPDOPHQWHHOSUHVLGHQWHQDFLRQDOGHO
SDUWLGRHV0DUWt%DWUHV*SHURHOH[FDQGLGDWRSUHVLGHQFLDOUHSUHVHQWDHO
PD\RUDWUDFWLYR\HVTXLHQPDUFDODRULHQWDFLyQGHODQXHYDRUJDQL]DFLyQ
 (OSOXUDOLVPRPRGHUDGRSRUH[FOX\HQWHQRKDDOHQWDGRHOIRUWDOHFLPLHQWRGHQXHYRVSDUWLGRV'HVGHKDVWDHOQLQJ~QSDUWLGRIXHUDGH
ORVWUHVJUDQGHVVXSHUyHOGHYRWRV(QXQSDUWLGRSHTXHxRHO
3DUWLGRGHO7UDEDMRPTREWXYRHOORVGHPiVQRVXSHUDURQHOHO
3DUWLGR3RSXODU6RFLDOLVWDPPSREWXYRHOHO3DUWLGR)UHQWH&DUGHQLVWDGH5HFRQVWUXFFLyQ1DFLRQDOPFCRNHOHO3DUWLGR'HPyFUDWD
0H[LFDQRPDMHO\HOPVEMHO/RVFDQGLGDWRVSUHVLGHQFLDOHV
IXHUWHV \ FRQRFLGRV IXHURQ (UQHVWR =HGLOOR GHO PRI 'LHJR )HUQiQGH] GHO
PAN\&XDXKWpPRF&iUGHQDVGHOPRD/RVRWURVSDUWLGRVSRVWXODURQDFDQGLGDWRVSRFRDWUDFWLYRVSDUDHOHOHFWRUDGRSRUORTXHORJUDURQXQDOLPLWDGD
FDSWDFLyQGHYRWRV


 /DGHVYHQWDMDHVTXHVHFUHDXQDUHODFLyQGHGHSHQGHQFLDTXHGHELOLWDODLQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DFLyQGHOSDUWLGR\SURSLFLDTXHHOOtGHUDFW~HSRUHQFLPDGHODVUHJODVHVFULWDV3DQHELDQFR


 (VWDWXWRVGHMORENA 

 )RUPDOPHQWHWDPELpQ/ySH]2EUDGRUSUHVLGHHO&RQVHMR1DFLRQDOGHMORENA 

Atlas de Resultados Electorales Federales, 1991-2009, INE
Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109



5,&$5'2(63,12= $72/('2-8$13$%/21$9$55(7(9(/ $

$SHVDUGHTXHODVHOHFFLRQHVGHOGHMXQLRGHQRLQFOX\HURQOD
UHQRYDFLyQGHOD3UHVLGHQFLDGHOD5HS~EOLFD\VLQVHUFDQGLGDWRDFDUJR
DOJXQR /ySH] 2EUDGRU DEDQGHUy OD GLIXVLyQ GH MORENA D OR ODUJR \ DQFKR GH OD 5HS~EOLFD eO IXH OD JXUD FHQWUDO GH ORV spots WUDQVPLWLGRV HQ
WHOHYLVLyQ 9HQWH FRQ QRVRWURV D MORENA MORENA HV OD HVSHUDQ]D GH
0p[LFRHUDXQRGHVXVPHQVDMHV/RVSDUWLGRVSHTXHxRVSUHVHQWHVHQOD
FRQWLHQGDHOHFWRUDOGH\SRVWHULRUHVFDUHFtDQGHXQOLGHUD]JRSDUHFLGR(QHOHOSDUWLGRSHTXHxRTXHDOFDQ]yHOPD\RUQLYHOGHYRWDFLyQ
IXH'HPRFUDFLD6RFLDOPDSFRQHOGHORVYRWRVSHURQRFRQVLJXLy
PDQWHQHUVXUHJLVWURSXHVHOXPEUDOGHYRWDFLyQHUDGH-XQWRFRQHO
PDSWDPELpQGHVDSDUHFLHURQHO3DUWLGRGHO&HQWUR'HPRFUiWLFRPCDTXH
REWXYRVRODPHQWHHO\HO3DUWLGR$XWpQWLFRGHOD5HYROXFLyQ0H[LFDQD
PARMFRQHOGHODYRWDFLyQ8(QMxico Posible~QLFDPHQWH
DOFDQ]yGHODYRWDFLyQHO3DUWLGRGHOD6RFLHGDG1DFLRQDOLVWD
HO3DUWLGR/LEHUDO0H[LFDQR)XHU]D&LXGDGDQD\HO3DUWLGR
$OLDQ]D 6RFLDO  LPSRVLELOLWDGRV FRPR HVWXYLHURQ SDUD DOFDQ]DU HO
XPEUDOGHOWRGRVHOORVSHUGLHURQHOUHJLVWUR9(OHOHFWRUDGRVHPDQWXYR
HODORVSDUWLGRVPiVFRQRFLGRV0RUHQR0RUHQR\0pQGH]\
QLQJXQDGHHVDVQXHYDVRIHUWDVFRQWyFRQXQOtGHUFDULVPiWLFRIXHUWHRFRQ
XQDHVWUXFWXUDVyOLGD
(QGRVQXHYRVSDUWLGRHQWUDURQHQODFRPSHWHQFLDHO3DUWLGR1XHYD
$OLDQ]DPANAL\HO3DUWLGR$OWHUQDWLYD6RFLDOGHPyFUDWD\&DPSHVLQD(VWD
YH]DPERVPDQWXYLHURQVXUHJLVWURDOUHEDVDUHOXPEUDOPtQLPRGHYRWRV
el PANALREWXYRHOHQODHOHFFLyQGH'LSXWDGRV\$OWHUQDWLYDDOFDQ]y
HOHQODHOHFFLyQSUHVLGHQFLDOUHVXOWDGRQRYHGRVRHQDPERVFDVRV
SHURDOHMDGRGHODEDUUHUDGHO$OWHUQDWLYDDEDQGRQyODFRPSHWHQFLD
PX\SURQWRHQ&RPRHQHOHFFLRQHVDQWHULRUHVPRI, PAN y PRDPDQWXYLHURQODGHOLGDGGHVXQ~FOHREiVLFR
(QGHORVSDUWLGRVSHTXHxRVHO~QLFRTXHFRPSLWLyIXHUDGHODV
FRDOLFLRQHVIXHHO PANALTXHREWXYRHOGHORVYRWRVGHORVJUDQGHVIXHHO PANFRQVXFDQGLGDWD-RVHQD9i]TXH]0RWD(O PRI y el PRD
ORKLFLHURQHQFRDOLFLRQHVODCoalicin Compromiso por MxicoPRI+PVEM)
SRVWXOyD(QULTXH3HxD1LHWRMovimiento ProgresistaPRD+PT+MCQRPLQy
D/ySH]2EUDGRU


8
9



El UniversalGHMXOLRGH
Atlas de Resultados Electorales Federales, 1991-2009, INE
Atlas de Resultados Electorales Federales, 1991-2009, INE
Atlas de Resultados Electorales Federales, 1991-2009, INE
Atlas de Resultados Electorales Federales, 1991-2012, INE

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109

MORENA EN L A RECONFIGUR ACIN DEL SISTEMA DE PARTIDOS EN MXICO



'HDVHIXQGDURQYDULRVQXHYRVSDUWLGRVODPD\RUtDGHORV
FXDOHVKDGHVDSDUHFLGRPLHQWUDVTXHORVTXHVREUHYLYLHURQQRKDQFRQVROLGDGRVXLGHQWLGDGRPDQWLHQHQXQQ~FOHROLPLWDGRGHVLPSDWL]DQWHV$QH[R
\GHOHJLVODGRUHV$QH[R'HORVTXHPDQWXYLHURQVXYLJHQFLDHO PT
QDFLyHQHOPVEMHQ&RQYHUJHQFLDSRUOD'HPRFUDFLDHQ
SHURFDPELyGHQRPEUHD0RYLPLHQWR&LXGDGDQRMCHQ\HQ
HPHUJLyHO PANALFX\RSDGULQD]JRVHDWULEX\HDODSURIHVRUD(OED(VWKHU
*RUGLOORHQWRQFHVOLGHUHVDGHOSNTE
(QODVHOHFFLRQHVIHGHUDOHVLQWHUPHGLDVGHSDUWLFLSDURQSDUWLGRV
GHUHFLHQWHFUHDFLyQ6DOYHPRVD0p[LFRREWXYRHOGHORVYRWRV3ULPHUR0p[LFRHO\HO3DUWLGR6RFLDO'HPyFUDWDHO$OQRREWHQHU
HO SRUFHQWDMH PtQLPR GH YRWDFLyQ HO  SHUGLHURQ VX UHJLVWUR /RV RWURV
SDUWLGRVSHTXHxRVPDQWXYLHURQHOUHJLVWURSHURFRQXQDYRWDFLyQOLPLWDGD
El PANALREWXYRHO&RQYHUJHQFLDHOHO PT\HO PVEM
EDWLyUHFRUGFRQHOFLIUDTXHUHSUHVHQWDHOPi[LPRKLVWyULFRGHXQ
SDUWLGRSHTXHxR$QH[R'HDQLQJ~QSDUWLGRIXHUDGHORVWUHV
JUDQGHVKDEtDORJUDGRXQSRUFHQWDMHHTXLYDOHQWHDpVHKDVWDMORENA, en
FXDQGRVHDSUR[LPyDO
/D&LXGDGGH0p[LFRFXHQWDFRQGLVWULWRVHOHFWRUDOHVIHGHUDOHVGHORV
FXDOHVHQODVHOHFFLRQHVGHIXHURQJDQDGRVSRUHOPRD\WUHVSRUHO
PAN(QODGLVSXWDSRUHVRVYRWRV\SRUORVGHORVGLVWULWRVORFDOHV
\ODV'HOHJDFLRQHVVHGLRSULQFLSDOPHQWHHQWUHHO PRD y MORENA'H
ORVIHGHUDOHV MORENAJDQyHQHO PRDVRODPHQWHHQVLHWH\HO PAN en
FLQFR'HORVORFDOHV MORENAWULXQIyHQHO PRDHQHO PANHQFLQFR
y el PRIHQWUHV/DV'HOHJDFLRQHVVHUHSDUWLHURQGHODVLJXLHQWHPDQHUD
MORENA PRD PRI\ PAN&RQHVWRVUHVXOWDGRV MORENAHPHUJH
FRPRODSULPHUDIXHU]DSROtWLFDHQHO'LVWULWR)HGHUDOWHUULWRULRIXQGDPHQWDO
GHOQXHYRSDUWLGR
/DLQWHQFLyQGHYRWRSDUDHVWDVHOHFFLRQHVPRVWUDEDODSUHVHQFLDLQGLVFXWLEOHGHMORENA(QMXOLRGHSDUDOD$VDPEOHD/HJLVODWLYDGHO'LVWULWR
)HGHUDOHOSHULyGLFRReforma UHJLVWUDEDGHOPRDGHOPRIGHO
PAN\GH MORENA3DUD'LSXWDGRV)HGHUDOHVHQHO')HOSHULyGLFR
Atlas de resultados Electorales Federales, 1991-2009, INE
Atlas de Resultados Electorales Federales, 1991-2009, INE

 (QVXFRQWUDMXJyODFDPSDxDLPSXOVDGDSRUVXVDGYHUVDULRV6HKDEODEDGHODVXSXHVWD
UHODFLyQGH/ySH]2EUDGRUFRQ-RVp/XLV$EDUFD3UHVLGHQWHPXQLFLSDOGH,JXDODLQYROXFUDGR
HQODGHVDSDULFLyQIRU]DGDGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVGH$\RW]LQDSDExclsiorGHRFWXEUH
ParntesisGHQRYLHPEUHGH

ReformaGHMXOLRGH




Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109

88

5,&$5'2(63,12= $72/('2-8$13$%/21$9$55(7(9(/ $

ExcelsiorDVLJQDEDDOPRDDOPRIDMORENA\DOPAN
(QODHQFXHVWDGHBuenda & LaredoFRQODSUHJXQWDEntre los partidos de
izquierda, por quin votara?, el PRDREWXYRHO\MORENAHOGH
ORVYRWRV0XFKRVGHORVYRWRVTXHREWHQGUtDHOSDUWLGRGH/ySH]2EUDGRU
SURYHQGUtDQGHOPRD'HDFXHUGRFRQEl UniversalHQHO'LVWULWR)HGHUDOHO
PRDFDSWDUtDHOHOPRIHOHOPANUHFLELUtDXQDYRWDFLyQGHO
y MORENAHO(QHVWDVHQFXHVWDV MORENADSDUHFtDFRPRODFXDUWD
IXHU]D HOHFWRUDO (Q DEULO GH  XQD HQFXHVWD GH Reforma UHJLVWUy XQ
HPSDWHHQWUHMORENA y el PRDHQODHOHFFLyQGH'LSXWDGRVDOD$VDPEOHD
/HJLVODWLYDGHO DFDPERVFRQ)LQDOPHQWHEl Financiero-Parametra,
HQDEULOOHGDEDDMORENAHOGHORVYRWRVHQODHOHFFLyQGH'LSXWDGRV
)HGHUDOHV'HMXOLRGHDDEULOGHODLQWHQFLyQGHYRWRUHJLVWUy
XQDSUHIHUHQFLDSRVLWLYD\XQDHYROXFLyQHVSHFWDFXODUHQXQSDUWLGRGHQXHYD
FUHDFLyQ&RQHOGHORVVXIUDJLRV MORENAVHXELFDFRPRODFXDUWD
IXHU]DSROtWLFDQDFLRQDO

II. El liderazgo de Andrs Manuel Lpez Obrador

+DVWDHOHQ0p[LFRVyORGRVSDUWLGRVVHKDQURWDGRHQODSUHVLGHQFLD
GHOD5HS~EOLFD(O PRIJREHUQyGHVGHVXFUHDFLyQHQKDVWDHODxR
\HO PANORKL]RHQGRVVH[HQLRVFRQVHFXWLYRVGHD\GH
D/DL]TXLHUGDUHSUHVHQWDGDSRUHOPRDTXHGyHQVHJXQGROXJDU
WDQWRHQFRPRHQ9LVWRDVtQLQJ~QSDUWLGRKDWHQLGRODSRVLELOLGDG
GHGHVSOD]DUDORVWUHVJUDQGHV'HVGHHODxRODUHQWDELOLGDGGHORV
SDUWLGRVSHTXHxRVGHULYyGHHVWDEOHFHUDOLDQ]DVHOHFWRUDOHVFRQ PRI, PRD
o PAN&XDGUR






ExclsiorGHMXOLRGH
Buenda & LaredoGHVHSWLHPEUHGH
El UniversalGHVHSWLHPEUHGH
El FinancieroGHDEULOGH

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109

MORENA EN L A RECONFIGUR ACIN DEL SISTEMA DE PARTIDOS EN MXICO

89

CUADRO 1
Alianzas o Coaliciones de partidos, 2000-2012
Eleccin
presidencial

Partido

Partido

Partido



Alianza por el cambio

PAN- PVEM)

Alianza por Mxico

PRD, PT\&RQYHUJHQFLD
3DUWLGR$OLDQ]D6RFLDO\
HO3DUWLGRGHOD6RFLHGDG
1DFLRQDOLVWD

PRI

9RWDFLyQ









PAN

Coalicin por el bien

de todosPRD, PT,
&RQYHUJHQFLD

Alianza por
Mxico
PRI, PVEM

9RWDFLyQ









PAN

3DUWLGR
1XHYD
$OLDQ]D

Movimiento Progresista
PRD, PT, MC

Compromiso
por Mxico
PRI- PVEM

9RWDFLyQ









)XHQWHHODERUDFLyQSURSLDFRQEDVHHQORVUHVXOWDGRVGHO,)(

&RQEDVHHQODOHJLVODFLyQHOHFWRUDOKDVWDDQWHVGHOODVDOLDQ]DV
HQHOiPELWRSUHVLGHQFLDOSHUPLWtDQWUDQVIHULUXQSRUFHQWDMHMRGHYRWRVD
ORVSDUWLGRVSHTXHxRVTXHOHVDVHJXUDEDHOUHJLVWUR(QHOVHSHUPLWLHURQFRDOLFLRQHVSHURFDGDSDUWLGRGHEtDFDSWDUVXVSURSLRV YRWRVSDUD
PDQWHQHUYLJHQWHVXUHJLVWUR(VDGLVSRVLFLyQSDVyDO$UWtFXORIUDFFLyQ,
GHOD&RQVWLWXFLyQFRQODUHIRUPDGHTXHLQFOXtDGRVDGLFLRQHVHQOR
VXFHVLYRORVQXHYRVSDUWLGRVGHEHQFRPSHWLUVRORVVLQDOLDQ]DRFRDOLFLyQ
HQVXSULPHUDSDUWLFLSDFLyQ\REWHQHUDOPHQRVHOGHODYRWDFLyQSDUD
PDQWHQHUHOUHJLVWUROHJDOXQFDQGDGRPiVDORVQXHYRVSDUWLGRV
&RPR VH PXHVWUD HQ HO FXDGUR  HQ ODV WUHV ~OWLPDV HOHFFLRQHV SUHVLGHQFLDOHV HO PRD SDUWLFLSy HQ DOLDQ]D FRQ RWURV SDUWLGRV (Q HO  OR
KL]RFRQHOPT&RQYHUJHQFLD3DUWLGR$OLDQ]D6RFLDOPAS\HO3DUWLGRGHOD
6RFLHGDG1DFLRQDOLVWDPSNHQHOFRQHOPT\&RQYHUJHQFLD\SDUD
HOUHSLWLyHOPLVPRHVTXHPDFRQHO PT y MCDQWHV&RQYHUJHQFLDHQ
VXVDQFRV(OPAS y el PSNGHVDSDUHFLHURQDOQDOL]DUHOSURFHVRHOHFWRUDO
IHGHUDOLQWHUPHGLRGHHOPASVRODPHQWHREWXYRHOGHORVYRWRV\


Ley de Partidos$UWtFXORIUDFFLyQ

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109



5,&$5'2(63,12= $72/('2-8$13$%/21$9$55(7(9(/ $

el PSN(QODSHUVSHFWLYDGHODHOHFFLyQSUHVLGHQFLDOGHHOSROR
XQLFDGRUSXHGHVHUHODEDQGHUDGRGHMORENA/ySH]2EUDGRU
&RPRHQODVFLQFROHJLVODWXUDVTXHYDQGHDODFRUUHODFLyQ
GHIXHU]DVHQODLXII/HJLVODWXUDWDPELpQUHHMyODFRQFHQWUDFLyQ
GHHVFDxRVHQWUHVSDUWLGRV(OPRIFRQWyFRQGLSXWDGRVHOPANFRQ
y el PRDFRQHOPVEMWXYRMCPT\PANALHVFDxRV/RV
WUHVSULPHURVSDUWLGRVVXPDEDQGHHVFDxRVHOGHOWRWDO/D
DSUREDFLyQGHUHIRUPDVFRQVWLWXFLRQDOHVTXHUHTXLHUHQGHPD\RUtDFDOLFDGD
UHFDHHQODGHFLVLyQGHGRVGHHVRVWUHVSDUWLGRVRVLKD\DFXHUGRVGHORV
WUHV/DVUHIRUPDVDSUREDGDVHQHOPDUFRGHOPacto por MxicoSUHVFLQGLHURQ
GHORVRWURVSDUWLGRV
/RVSDUWLGRVSHTXHxRVUHSUHVHQWDQHOGHOD&iPDUDGH'LSXWDGRVTXHOHVRWRUJDHVRTXH6DUWRULOODPyFDSDFLGDGGHFKDQWDMH6DUWRUL
FRQVLVWHQWHHQYHQGHUFDURVXDSR\RFXDQGRVXVYRWRVKDFHQ
SRVLEOH OD GHFLVLyQ 1R OHV TXHGD VLQR DOLDUVH FRQ DOJXQR GH ORV *UXSRV
3DUODPHQWDULRVGHPD\RUWDPDxRHOPVEM y el PANALYRWDQHQVXPD\RUtD
con el PRIHO PT y MCFRQX\HURQFRQHO PRD/RVHVFDxRVTXHUH~QHQ
VRQLQVXFLHQWHVSDUDVHUFDEH]DGHJUXSRV3HURFXDQGRORVJUXSRVJUDQGHVHVWiQGLVSXHVWRVDFRRSHUDUORVSHTXHxRVSLHUGHQKDVWDODFDSDFLGDG
GH FKDQWDMH /RV HVFDxRV GH ORV WUHV SDUWLGRV JUDQGHV IXHURQ VXFLHQWHV
SDUDDSUREDUODVUHIRUPDVGHULYDGDVGHOPacto por MxicoGHGLFLHPEUHGH
DQDOHVGH(OPactoVHMXVWLFDEDHQODSDUWLFLSDFLyQFRQMXQWD
GH PAN, PRI y PRD1RREVWDQWHHVRVHORJUy~QLFDPHQWHHQGRVUHIRUPDV
FRQVWLWXFLRQDOHVODGHHGXFDFLyQ\ODGHWHOHFRPXQLFDFLRQHV\FRPSHWHQFLD
HFRQyPLFD
(QHO6HQDGRVHREVHUYDXQDOyJLFDSDUHFLGD/DVFXUXOHVGHOPRIODV
GHOPAN\ODVGHOPRDVXPDQGHHVFDxRVORTXHUHSUHVHQWD
HOGHOWRWDOVLPLODUDODFRPSRVLFLyQGHOD&iPDUDGH'LSXWDGRV/RV
VHQDGRUHVUHVWDQWHVQRSXHGHQIUHQDUODVGHFLVLRQHVGHORVWUHVJUDQGHV
JUXSRV$OLJXDOTXHHQOD&iPDUDEDMDODDSUREDFLyQGHODVUHIRUPDVGHO
Pacto por MxicoHQHO6HQDGRGHULYyGHOSUHGRPLQLRGHHVRV*UXSRV3DUODPHQWDULRV(QODVHOHFFLRQHVIHGHUDOHVGHOGHMXQLRGHVyORVHUHQRYy
OD&iPDUDGH'LSXWDGRVDO6HQDGROHFRUUHVSRQGHHQ22 El PRI y el
PANPDQWXYLHURQVXSUHVHQFLDOHJLVODWLYDFRQSRFRVFDPELRVHQOD&iPDUD


 &iPDUDGH'LSXWDGRV0p[LFR&RQVXOWDHOGHPDU]RGH
 (QODVHOHFFLRQHVGHOGHMXQLRGHVHUHQRYDURQSXHVWRVGHHOHFFLyQSRSXODU
GLSXWDFLRQHVIHGHUDOHVQXHYHJXEHUQDWXUDVPiVGHDOFDOGtDV\SXHVWRVGH
OHJLVODGRUORFDO)XHQWH/RVFDQGLGDWRVHQEDMRHVFUXWLQLRSDUDEOLQGDUODVHOHFFLRQHV"0p[LFRCNN&RQVXOWDHOGHPDU]RGH
22

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109

MORENA EN L A RECONFIGUR ACIN DEL SISTEMA DE PARTIDOS EN MXICO



EDMDSHURHOPRDSHUGLyHVFDxRVTXHFRPSDUWLyFRQMORENA/DHPHUJHQFLD
GH MORENAFRPRFXDUWDIXHU]DSROtWLFDKL]RSRVLEOHODUHFRQJXUDFLyQGHO
VLVWHPDGHSDUWLGRVHQ0p[LFR
(OSRORGHDWUDFFLyQGHMORENAHVHOOLGHUD]JRGH/ySH]2EUDGRU/R
IXQGDPHQWDOGHOOLGHUD]JRGH/ySH]2EUDGRUVHFRQVWUX\yHQHOPRDWLHPSR
GXUDQWHHOFXDOHYROXFLRQyGHFDULVPiWLFRGRPLQDQWHDFDULVPiWLFRLQWHJUDGRU
(VSLQR]D\1DYDUUHWH(QHVHSURFHVRIXHURQGHWHUPLQDQWHVVX
SDVRSRUODSUHVLGHQFLDQDFLRQDOGHOPRDODMHIDWXUDGH*RELHUQRGHO'LVWULWR
)HGHUDO\ODDVXQFLyQGHODVGRVFDQGLGDWXUDVSUHVLGHQFLDOHVGH\
/ySH]2EUDGRUVHLQWHJUyDOPRDGHVGHVXIXQGDFLyQ&DQGLGDWRDJREHUQDGRUGH7DEDVFRHQGRVRFDVLRQHVSRUHVWHSDUWLGR\QRVDOLy
YLFWRULRVRHQQLQJXQDGHHVDVHOHFFLRQHV6XOLGHUD]JRQDFLRQDOVHUHPRQWD
SRUORPHQRVDDxRHQHOTXHLQLFLyDOIUHQWHGHOPRDSDUDHOSHULRGR
(OHFWRGHPDQHUDDELHUWDFRQHOGHORVYRWRV HVHSURFHVR
IXHSURGXFWRGHDOLDQ]DVHQWUHGLIHUHQWHVDFWRUHVDOLQWHULRUGHHVHSDUWLGR
3LYURQ(QHVRVWUHVDxRVHOPRDFUHFLyVXVWDQFLDOPHQWHHQHO
iPELWRHOHFWRUDO
6H H[SDQGLHURQ HQ HQWLGDGHV HQ ODV FXDOHV HO PRD HVWDED UHOHJDGR \
IRUWDOHFLHURQVXSUHVHQFLDHQHO&RQJUHVRIHGHUDO/DVHOHFFLRQHVGH
\GHPXHVWUDQHOGHVSHJXHHOHFWRUDOGHOPRDTXHVHWUDGXFHHQYLFWRULDVFRPRODVGHOJRELHUQRGHO'LVWULWR)HGHUDO\JXEHUQDWXUDVFRPRODVGH
=DFDWHFDV7OD[FDOD\%DMD&DOLIRUQLD6XU3DOPD
(VWDQGR/ySH]2EUDGRUDOIUHQWHHOPRDDUPyVXQXHYDHVWUDWHJLD/D
DQWHULRUGHQRPLQDGDrupturistaIXHHQFDEH]DGDSRU&iUGHQDVGHVSXpVGH
ODGHUURWDHOHFWRUDOGHVHEXVFDEDXQDWUDQVIRUPDFLyQUDGLFDOGHOVLVWHPDSROtWLFR/DVHJXQGDEDMRODEDQGHUDGHOpacto democrtico,VHGHQLy
GXUDQWHODGLULJHQFLDGH3RUULR0XxR]/HGR3DOPD5HYHOHV
/ySH]2EUDGRUPiVLGHQWLFDGRFRQODVHJXQGDUHRULHQWyODHVWUDWHJLDKDFLD
ODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHODHVWUXFWXUDHOHFWRUDOGHOSDUWLGRGHOVROD]WHFD


 8QOtGHUFDULVPiWLFRGRPLQDQWHLPSRQHVXYROXQWDGDORVPLHPEURVGHOSDUWLGRRSHUD
FRQXQDFRDOLFLyQFHUUDGDFRQWURODORVyUJDQRVFROHJLDGRVGHOSDUWLGRGLVSRQHGHORVDSR\RV
SDUDKDFHUVHGHODFDQGLGDWXUDSUHVLGHQFLDO\SURPXHYHXQDSROtWLFDGHRSRVLFLyQDOJRELHUQR
IHGHUDO(OFDULVPiWLFRLQWHJUDGRUVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRULQFOXLUDODVGLVWLQWDVVHQVLELOLGDGHVHQVX
SUR\HFWRYLJLODTXHODLQWHJUDFLyQGHORVyUJDQRVFROHJLDGRVVHHIHFW~HFRQEDVHHQODIXHU]D
GHFDGDXQDGHODVIUDFFLRQHVPDQWLHQHSRVWXUDVH[LEOHVTXHUHGXFHQODWHQVLyQFRQODV
IUDFFLRQHVHMHUFHXQFRQWUROSDUFLDOGHODSDUDWRGHOSDUWLGR\EXVFDODUHQWDELOLGDGHOHFWRUDO
9pDVH(VSLQR]D\1DYDUUHWH5HYHOHVHVWXGLDODGLVSXWDSRUHOSRGHUHQWUH
ODVIUDFFLRQHVLQWHUQDVGHOPRD

 'RFXPHQWR5HVXOWDGRVHOHFFLyQLQWHUQD&RPLWp*HQHUDOGH6LVWHPD(OHFWRUDOGHO
PRD, IERD0p[LFR

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109

92

5,&$5'2(63,12= $72/('2-8$13$%/21$9$55(7(9(/ $

&RQHVDOyJLFDHQODSHUVSHFWLYDGHODVHOHFFLRQHVGHVHH[LELOL]DURQORVOLQHDPLHQWRVLQWHUQRVSDUDGDUSDVRDODVFDQGLGDWXUDVGHRULJHQ
H[WHUQRVHDSDUDJREHUQDGRUSUHVLGHQWHPXQLFLSDORSDUDGLSXWDGRV/RV
UHVXOWDGRVIXHURQSRVLWLYRVREWXYLHURQGLSXWDGRVIHGHUDOHV\HOJRELHUQR
GHO'LVWULWR)HGHUDOHQWUHRWURVWULXQIRV
/DWHQGHQFLDIXHRIUHFHUODIUDQTXLFLDGHO PRDDSHUVRQDMHVGHRWURV
SDUWLGRVTXHWXYLHUDQODSRVLELOLGDGGHGDUOHXQWULXQIRHOHFWRUDOPiVQRVLQ
UHVLVWHQFLDVLQWHUQDV$OLQDXJXUDUORVWUDEDMRVGHO&XDUWR&RQJUHVR1DFLRQDO
GHOPRD/ySH]2EUDGRUKL]RXQOODPDGRDORVGHOHJDGRVDQRSHUPLWLUTXH
HOSROpPLFRWHPDGHODVDOLDQ]DVHOHFWRUDOHV\ODSRVWXODFLyQGHH[SULtVWDV
ORVGLYLGLHUD/ySH]2EUDGRU(QODPD\RUtDGHORVFDVRVORV
FDQGLGDWRVDGRSWDGRVFRQWDEDQFRQODVXFLHQWHFDSDFLGDGGHFRQYRFDWRULDRHUDQSHUVRQDMHVGLVWLQJXLGRVHQVXVHVWDGRVORTXHSRGtDJDUDQWL]DU
XQDOWRSRUFHQWDMHGHYRWRV0H\HQEHUJ/RVORJURVHOHFWRUDOHV
GHOSHULRGRSDYLPHQWDURQHOFDPLQRGHHVWHGLULJHQWHUXPERD
ODMHIDWXUDGHO DFHQHODxR&iUGHQDVIXHHOFDQGLGDWRGHO PRD a la
3UHVLGHQFLDGHOD5HS~EOLFDSRUWHUFHUDRFDVLyQSHURREWXYRVRODPHQWHHO
GHORVYRWRV9LFHQWH)R[HOJDQDGRUORJUyHO3RUVXSDUWH
en el DF/ySH]2EUDGRUJDQyFRQHOSHURFRQXQDGLIHUHQFLDPX\
UHGXFLGDGHSXQWRVSRUFHQWXDOHVIUHQWHDOGHOSDQLVWD6DQWLDJR
&UHHO0RGRQHVL
(OWLSRGHOLGHUD]JRGHVDUUROODGRSRU/ySH]2EUDGRUGXUDQWHHVWHSHULRGR
VHH[SUHVDHQHYLWDUHQIUHQWDPLHQWRVFRQHOJRELHUQRGH(UQHVWR=HGLOORQHJRFLDUFRQODVIUDFFLRQHVSHUUHGLVWDVDFRUGDUODVGHFLVLRQHVHQORVyUJDQRV
GHOSDUWLGRSRQHUHQPDUFKDODRSHUDFLyQIUDQTXLFLDHLQFOXLUDFDQGLGDWRVH[WHUQRV&XDGUR(QHOHMHUFLFLRGHODSUHVLGHQFLDQDFLRQDOGHO PRD
DXPHQWyODSUHVHQFLDOHJLVODWLYDGHHVWHSDUWLGR
(OFUHFLPLHQWRGHVXOLGHUD]JROHSHUPLWLyREWHQHUODFDQGLGDWXUDD-HIHGH
*RELHUQRGHO'LVWULWR)HGHUDO


El PRDDQXQFLDEDHOWULXQIRFRQWXQGHQWHHQPXQLFLSLRVGHO(VWDGRGH0p[LFRHQWUH
HOORV1H]DKXDOFy\RWO7H[FRFR\7HMXSLOFRHQ7XOD\HQRWURVGLH]PXQLFLSLRVGH+LGDOJRDVt
FRPRHQODDOFDOGtDGH2FDPSRHQHOHVWDGRGH&RDKXLOD(OEDODQFHJHQHUDOGHORVSURFHVRV
HOHFWRUDOHVGHQDOHVGHIXHSRVLWLYRSDUDHOPRD0RGRQHVL

 'HFODUDFLyQGH$QGUpV0DQXHO/ySH]2EUDGRU&DQGLGDWXUDH[WHUQDV0p[LFRIERD,


Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109

MORENA EN L A RECONFIGUR ACIN DEL SISTEMA DE PARTIDOS EN MXICO



CUADRO 2
El liderazgo carismtico integrador de Andrs Manuel Lpez Obrador, 1996-2000
Lder

Acciones del dirigente

Tipo de liderazgo

$QGUpV0DQXHO
/ySH]2EUDGRU

t (YLWDUHQIUHQWDPLHQWRFRQHOJRELHUQR
GH(UQHVWR=HGLOOR
t 1HJRFLDUFRQODVIUDFFLRQHVLQWHUQDV
t 1HJRFLDFLyQGHODVGHFLVLRQHV
HQORVyUJDQRVGHOSDUWLGR
t 2SHUDFLyQIUDQTXLFLD\FDQGLGDWRVH[WHUQRV
t &UHFLPLHQWRGHODSUHVHQFLDOHJLVODWLYD

t 3UHVLGHQWHQDFLRQDOGHOSDUWLGR
t 'HVDUUROODXQFUHFLHQWHOLGHUD]JR
FDULVPiWLFR
t 2EWLHQHODFDQGLGDWXUDDMHIHGHJRELHUQR
GHO'LVWULWR)HGHUDO

&DULVPiWLFR
LQWHJUDGRU

)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDFRQEDVHHQ(VSLQR]D\1DYDUUHWH

3. 'XUDQWHORVDxRVTXHYDQGHDHOOLGHUD]JRGH/ySH]2EUDGRU
VHIRUWDOHFLyQRWDEOHPHQWH(VWDEDHQSURFHVRODUHFRPSRVLFLyQGHOPRDEDMR
ODIRUPDGHUHGHQLFLyQLGHROyJLFD'XUDQWHODUHDOL]DFLyQGHO VI&RQJUHVR
1DFLRQDOSHUUHGLVWDGHVSXpVGHVXWHUFHUDGHUURWDSUHVLGHQFLDO&iUGHQDV
VHxDOyTXHODL]TXLHUGDQRGHEHVHUPiVXQDVXQWRGHGHQLFLRQHVVLQR
GHQLUVHHQIXQFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRV%ROLYDUHOORTXHVLJQLFDEDPDQWHQHUYLJHQWHODYLHMDSRVWXUDRSRVLFLRQLVWD3RUVXSDUWHHOMHIHGH
JRELHUQRGHODFDFUHFHQWDEDVXVLPSDWtDDSXQWDODGDSRUHOSRVLFLRQDPLHQWR
PHGLiWLFR\SRUORVSURJUDPDVDVLVWHQFLDOLVWDV\ORVGHLQIUDHVWUXFWXUD$O
PLVPRWLHPSRHOSURFHVRGHGHVDIXHURORVYLGHRHVFiQGDORVTXHPRVWUDEDQ
DFWRVGHFRUUXSFLyQ\HOHQIUHQWDPLHQWRFRQVWDQWHFRQHOSUHVLGHQWH9LFHQWH
)R[DIHFWDEDQVXLPDJHQ9DOGpVSHURQRVXFUHFLHQWHLQXHQFLD
/DFRQWLHQGDHOHFWRUDOGHIXHXQDGHODVPiVFHUUDGDVHQODKLVWRULD
HOHFWRUDOGH0p[LFR/ySH]2EUDGRUFDQGLGDWRSUHVLGHQFLDOGHOPRDTXHGy
HQVHJXQGROXJDUFRQGHORVYRWRVVyORDPHGLRSXQWRSRUFHQWXDO
GH)HOLSH&DOGHUyQGHOPANTXLHQJDQyFRQ0RGRQHVL
/RVUHVXOWDGRVIXHURQYDOLGDGRVSRUHO7ULEXQDO(OHFWRUDOGHO3RGHU-XGLFLDO
GHOD)HGHUDFLyQTEPJF/DUHVROXFLyQQRIXHDFHSWDGDSRU/ySH]2EUDGRU
\ VHJXLGRUHV H LQLFLDURQ XQD HWDSD GH PRYLOL]DFLRQHV SDUD FXHVWLRQDU HO
UHVXOWDGR
(QHOSHUtRGRFDPELDURQODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVJHQHUDOHVGHOWLSR
GHOLGHUD]JRGHOSHUUHGLVWD/DSROtWLFDGHHQIUHQWDPLHQWRFRQHOJRELHUQRGH
9LFHQWH)R[VHKL]RDFRPSDxDUGHXQDDPSOLDFLyQFRQVLGHUDEOHGHOJDVWR

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109



5,&$5'2(63,12= $72/('2-8$13$%/21$9$55(7(9(/ $

VRFLDOGHOJRELHUQRGHODF\GHOFRQWUROGHODVGHFLVLRQHVGHOSDUWLGR-XQWR
DORVHIHFWRVMXGLFLDOHVSURYRFDGRVSRUHOSURFHVRGHGHVDIXHURVHSURGXFH
HOHVFiQGDORSRUORVYLGHRVTXHPXHVWUDQDIXQFLRQDULRVVX\RVHQDFWRVGH
FRUUXSFLyQLQWHQWRVIDOOLGRVSDUDDFDEDUFRQODVSUHWHQVLRQHVSROtWLFDVGHO
-HIHGH*RELHUQRGHODF0X\IRUWDOHFLGRSRUVXH[LWRVDGHIHQVDREWXYROD
FDQGLGDWXUDSUHVLGHQFLDOVLQFRPSHWLGRUGHQWURGHO PRDGRQGHVHLPSRQH
FRPRHOJUDQWRPDGRUGHODVGHFLVLRQHV\TXLHQGHQHODHVWUDWHJLDGHFDPSDxDSHUVRQDOL]DFLyQTXHORYDDFRQGXFLUDHUURUHVDSURYHFKDGRVSRUVXV
DGYHUVDULRV&XDGUR
CUADRO 3
Tipo de liderazgo Andrs Manuel Lpez Obrador, 2000-2006
Lder

Acciones del dirigente

Tipo de liderazgo

$QGUpV0DQXHO
/ySH]2EUDGRU

t 3ROtWLFDGHHQIUHQWDPLHQWRFRQHOJRELHUQR
GH9LFHQWH)R[
t 3ROtWLFDGHJDVWRVRFLDOHQHOJRELHUQR
t ,PSRVLFLyQGHODVGHFLVLRQHVHQORVUJDQRV
GHOSDUWLGR
t (IHFWRVMXGLFLDOHVGHVDIXHUR
t 3pUGLGDGHLGHQWLFDFLyQHOHFWRUDOSRUORV
YLGHRHVFiQGDORVGHFRUUXSFLyQ
t 2EWLHQHODFDQGLGDWXUDSUHVLGHQFLDO
GHPDQHUDQDWXUDO
t ,PSRQtDODVHVWUDWHJLDVGHFDPSDxD
t (UURUHVFRQVWDQWHVHQHOGLVFXUVR
SROtWLFRHOHFWRUDO

&DULVPiWLFR
GRPLQDQWH

)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLD

'HPDQHUDSDUDOHODLQLFLyHOGLVWDQFLDPLHQWRGH/ySH]2EUDGRUGHODV
IUDFFLRQHVPiVIXHUWHVGHOPRD(VWRVHGHELyDTXHODIUDFFLyQNI, encaEH]DGD SRU -HV~V 2UWHJD \ -HV~V =DPEUDQR HQWUH RWURV QR UHVSDOGDED
ODVDFFLRQHVGHUHVLVWHQFLDSRVWHOHFWRUDOGH/ySH]2EUDGRUIXQGDGDVHQOD
LGHDGHO*RELHUQR/HJtWLPR(OHQIUHQWDPLHQWRHQWUHDPEDVIUDFFLRQHVQR
REVWDQWHKDEtDFRPHQ]DGRDQWHVGHODVHOHFFLRQHVGH*DUFtD3RQFH
0H\HQEHUJ3HURDSDUWLUGHHQWRQFHV\KDVWDWXYROXJDU


 'HDFXHUGRFRQ6DUWRULODVIUDFFLRQHVVRQGHGLYHUVRVWLSRVHVGHFLUHOPXQGRGHVXEXQLGDGHVGHORVSDUWLGRVHVXQPXQGRPX\GLYHUVLFDGR(VWDYDULHGDGWLHQHXQDLPSRUWDQFLD
HQRUPHSXHVGLIHUHQWHVVXEXQLGDGHVSURGXFHQGLVWLQWDVXQLGDGHV/DVIUDFFLRQHVLQX\HQ
HQiJUDGRGHFRKHVLyQ\DODLQYHUVDGHIUDJPHQWDFLyQGHXQSDUWLGR\iiODVIRUPDV\ORV
PHGLRVGHLQWHUDFFLRQHV\ODGLQiPLFDLQWHUQDVGHORVSDUWLGRV6DUWRUL

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109

MORENA EN L A RECONFIGUR ACIN DEL SISTEMA DE PARTIDOS EN MXICO



XQDSXJQDDELHUWDHQWUHORVDQHVDOWDEDVTXHxR\NITXHVHPDWHULDOL]yHQ
HOSURFHVRLQWHUQRSDUDODUHQRYDFLyQGHODGLULJHQFLDQDFLRQDOGHOSDUWLGR(O
SHULRGRGH/HRQHO&RWD0RQWDxRDOIUHQWHGHODRUJDQL]DFLyQJXUDFHUFDQDD
/ySH]2EUDGRUWHUPLQDEDHQPDU]RGH$ODFRQWLHQGDSDUDVXFHGHUOR
VHSUHVHQWDURQ$OHMDQGUR(QFLQDVDItQDOH[-HIHGH*RELHUQRSRUXQODGR
\ -HV~V 2UWHJD GH NI SRU HO RWUR 5LYHUD  /D HOHFFLyQ LQWHUQD
GHFLGLUtD TXp IUDFFLyQ VH TXHGDED FRQ HO FRQWURO GHO DSDUDWR RUJDQL]DWLYR
\HOHFWRUDOGHOSDUWLGR(OUHVXOWDGRIXHLPSXJQDGRSRUDPERVFDQGLGDWRV
'HVSXpVGHXQODUJROLWLJLRHOTEPJFHPLWLyXQDVHQWHQFLDDIDYRUGHNI(VSLQR]D7ROHGR/ySH]2EUDGRUHQFRQWUDEDXQOtPLWHDVXLQXHQFLD\
HODELHUWRGHVFRQRFLPLHQWRDVXOLGHUD]JR
&RQ-HV~V2UWHJDHQODGLUHFFLyQQDFLRQDOGHOPRDHOHQIUHQWDPLHQWRHQWUH
/ySH]2EUDGRU\NIIXHPiVLQWHQVRDOSXQWRTXHVHOHLQWHQWyH[SXOVDUEDMRHO
DUJXPHQWRGHKDEHUDSR\DGRDOPT y a MCHQGHWULPHQWRGHOPRD8QKHFKR
UHYHODGRUGHHVHFRQLFWRIXHODFDQGLGDWXUDGH-XDQLWRHQOD'HOHJDFLyQ
,]WDSDODSDGXUDQWHHOSURFHVRHOHFWRUDOGH/ySH]2EUDGRUSLGLyDORV
KDELWDQWHVGHHVDGHPDUFDFLyQQRYRWDUSRUHOPRD\HPLWLUHOVXIUDJLRDIDYRU
GHOPTSRU-XDQLWRSDUDGHUURWDUDODFDQGLGDWDRFLDOGHOPRD6LOYLD2OLYD
\SRUHVDYtDGHMDUOHHOFDUJRD&ODUD%UXJDGD(VDFRPSOHMDWULDQJXODFLyQ
UHVXOWyXQp[LWR\IXHXQSDVRPiVHQHOHVFDODPLHQWRGHOFRQLFWRLQWHUQR
\VXGHVHQODFHQDO

III. MORENA en la competencia electoral

(QWUH\/ySH]2EUDGRULQWHQWyFRQWUDUUHVWDUODLPDJHQQHJDWLYD
TXHOROOHYyDODGHUURWDGH&RPHQ]yXQDHWDSDGHPHQRUYLUXOHQFLD
FRQHOSUHVLGHQWH)HOLSH&DOGHUyQ\SXVRHQPDUFKDODHVWUDWHJLDFHQWUDGD
en la Republica AmorosaTXHFRPSUHQGtDODEDQGHUDGHMXVWLFLD\KRQHVWLGDG28\SURPRYtDODLQWHJUDFLyQ\ODFRUGLDOLGDG&XDGUR6HJHVWDEDHO
PRYLPLHQWRGHUHJHQHUDFLyQQDFLRQDO

28

El UniversalGHHQHURGH

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109



5,&$5'2(63,12= $72/('2-8$13$%/21$9$55(7(9(/ $

CUADRO 4
El liderazgo de Andrs Manuel Lpez Obrador, 2008-2012
Lder

Acciones del dirigente

Tipo de liderazgo

$QGUpV0DQXHO
/ySH]2EUDGRU

t 3ROtWLFDGHPHQRUHQIUHQWDPLHQWRFRQHO
JRELHUQRIHGHUDO
t ,PSXOVRGHXQDHVWUXFWXUDSROtWLFRHOHFWRUDO
GHO*RELHUQR/HJtWLPRDMORENA.
t ,QX\HHQODQRPLQDFLyQGHSHUVRQDMHV
DOOHJDGRVDSRVLFLRQHVFODYH
t 0HQRUHQIUHQWDPLHQWRFRQODVIUDFFLRQHV
t ,QFLGHHQODGHVLJQDFLyQGH$OHMDQGUR
(QFLQDVFRPRFDQGLGDWRDJREHUQDGRUHQHO
(VWDGRGH0p[LFR
t 6HSUHVHQWDDSURFHVRVGHQRPLQDFLyQSDUD
DOFDQ]DUODFDQGLGDWXUD
t 'LVFXUVRSROtWLFRPRGHUDGR

&DULVPiWLFR
LQWHJUDGRU

)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLD

 (Q HVWH SHUtRGR HO GLVFXUVR GH /ySH] 2EUDGRU IXH PiV PRGHUDGR
TXHHQEXVFyPD\RUDFHUFDPLHQWRFRQORVHPSUHVDULRVDOWLHPSRGH
SUHVHQWDUXQDRIHUWDSROtWLFDTXHUHIRU]DEDORVOD]RVFRQVXVVHJXLGRUHV
'HPDQHUDSDUDOHODXQSHUVRQDMHSHUUHGLVWDDVFHQGtDHQODHVFDODSROtWLFD
0DUFHOR(EUDUGMHIHGHJRELHUQRGHODFTXLHQWDPELpQDVSLUDED
DODFDQGLGDWXUDSUHVLGHQFLDO$VtHQODUHFWDQDOSRUODGHQLFLyQGHODFDQGLGDWXUDSHUUHGLVWDHQVHHQFRQWUDEDQ(EUDUG\/ySH]2EUDGRU(VWH
~OWLPRFRQWDEDDGHPiVFRQHODSR\RGHO PT\GH MCTXHSRGtDQDGRSWDU
VXFDQGLGDWXUD/DGLULJHQFLDQDFLRQDOSHUUHGLVWDOOHJyDXQDFXHUGRFRQORV
DVSLUDQWHVSDUDGHFLGLUDWUDYpVGHXQDHQFXHVWD(OUHVXOWDGRIDYRUHFLySDUFLDOPHQWHD/ySH]2EUDGRU(EUDUGDFDWy\HOSDUWLGRDSR\yDOWDEDVTXHxR
(QODVHOHFFLRQHVGHXQLQLFLDO\OHMDQRWHUFHUOXJDUHOFDQGLGDWRSHUUHGLVWD
ORJUySRVLFLRQDUVHHQHOVHJXQGRVXSHUyDODFDQGLGDWDGHO PAN-RVHQD
9i]TXH]0RWD\TXHGyDVyORVHLVSXQWRVSRUFHQWXDOHVGHOFDQGLGDWRGHO
PRI TXH SDUHFtD SRGHU DUUDVDU FRQ ORV YRWRV /D FDPSDxD VH FRQVROLGy
FRQODHVWUDWHJLDGHUHFRUUHUWRGRHOSDtVHVWDGRSRUHVWDGRPXQLFLSLRSRU
PXQLFLSLR3pUH])HUQiQGH]GHO&DVWLOORGHFLVLYDSDUDFRPSHWLU
SRUHOSULPHUOXJDU
(OOLGHUD]JRFDULVPiWLFRGRPLQDQWHGHDVHWUDQVIRUPyHQXQ
OLGHUD]JRGHQXHYRWLSRPiVH[LEOHHLQFOX\HQWH(OSURSyVLWRHUDUHFXSHUDU
DORVVLPSDWL]DQWHVGHVLOXVLRQDGRVFRQODUHVLVWHQFLDFLYLOSXHVWDHQPDUFKD
HQWUH\/DHVWUDWHJLDIXQFLRQy\ODFDPSDxDORSH]REUDGRULVWD
IXHH[LWRVDDOUHGXFLUODVRSLQLRQHVQHJDWLYDVVREUHHOSROtWLFRWDEDVTXHxR

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109

MORENA EN L A RECONFIGUR ACIN DEL SISTEMA DE PARTIDOS EN MXICO



TXHDOSULQFLSLRHUDQPX\HOHYDGDV$ODUFyQ\&XQD)LQDOL]DGRHO

SURFHVRHOHFWRUDO/ySH]2EUDGRUPDUFyVXGLVWDQFLDGHOPRD,\SRFRWLHPSR
GHVSXpVDQXQFLyVXVDOLGDGHOSDUWLGRDFDXVDGHGLIHUHQFLDVLGHROyJLFDV
(Q OR VXFHVLYR WUDEDMDUtD SDUD FRQYHUWLU HO 0RYLPLHQWR GH 5HJHQHUDFLyQ
1DFLRQDOHQSDUWLGRSROtWLFR
/DVGLIHUHQFLDVHQWUH/ySH]2EUDGRU\ODGLULJHQFLDGHOPRDVHDJXGL]DURQ
FRQODUPDGHOPacto por MxicoGHOGHGLFLHPEUHGH&RQXQSLH
IXHUDGHOPRDDFXVyDORVGLULJHQWHVGHHVWHSDUWLGRGHDSR\DUDO3UHVLGHQWH
3HxD1LHWRSRUODYtDGHOPacto29$FHUFDGHODVDOLGDGH/ySH]2EUDGRU&XDXKWpPRF&iUGHQDVXQUHIHUHQWHGHDPSOLRVVHFWRUHVGHODL]TXLHUGDRSLQy
8QRHVFRJHGHWHUPLQDGDVWULQFKHUDVGHDFXHUGRFRQODFLUFXQVWDQFLDSHUVRQDO
GHFDGDTXLHQ(QHVWHFDVR$QGUpV0DQXHOWLHQHXQDYLVLyQ>@\RODUHVSHWR
DXQTXHQRVpDGyQGHORYD\DDFRQGXFLU2WURVWHQHPRVXQDYLVLyQGLIHUHQWH\
SXHVHVWDPRVXWLOL]DQGRDTXHOODVWULQFKHUDVDODVTXHWHQHPRVDFFHVR>@

(O SUR\HFWR HUD KDFHU GH VX PRYLPLHQWR XQ SDUWLGR SROtWLFR MORENA
$GHFLUGHVXVFUtWLFRVODIRUPDFLyQGH MORENASDUWLGRSROtWLFRIXHXQD
EXHQDQRWLFLDSDUD/ySH]2EUDGRUSRUTXHORJUDEDWHQHUXQDRUJDQL]DFLyQ
GRQGHQROHKDUtDQFRQWUDSHVRHVHOOtGHUHOTXHGHFLGHHOTXHRWRUJDR
TXLWDFDQGLGDWXUDV\QRWLHQHTXHGDUOHH[SOLFDFLRQHVDQDGLHQLQDGLHVH
ODVGHPDQGD$OGHSHQGHUGHXQDJXUDFDULVPiWLFDMORENAQDFHFRPR
XQ SDUWLGR GH IXHUWH SHQHWUDFLyQ VRFLDO SHUR GH GpELO LQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DFLyQ
FRPRRFXUULyFRQHOPRD
3DUDMORENAVHJXtDODSUXHEDGHODVXUQDV(QFLQFRHOHFFLRQHVSUHVLGHQFLDOHVORVSDUWLGRVGHL]TXLHUGDUHXQLGRVHQWRUQRDOPRDSRVWXODURQ
VRODPHQWHDGRVFDQGLGDWRVVXVOtGHUHVFDULVPiWLFRV(QWUHVGHHVRVSURFHVRVREWXYLHURQPiVGHOGHODYRWDFLyQ\HOSULPHUR
GHHOORVHQFDEH]DGRSRU&iUGHQDV\ORVRWURVGRVSRU/ySH]2EUDGRU(Q
&iUGHQDVREWXYRHOGHORVYRWRVODSUHVHQFLDHQOD&iPDUD
GH'LSXWDGRVGHORVSDUWLGRVGHL]TXLHUGDIXHSHURHQHO6HQDGRVyOR
UHXQLHURQHO5HYHOHV&RPRSXHGHREVHUYDUVHORVUHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRVHQODHOHFFLyQSUHVLGHQFLDOIXHURQFRQVLVWHQWHVFRQORVGH
ODVHOHFFLRQHVSDUDGLSXWDGRVSHURQRFRQORVVHQDGRUHV(QODYRWDFLyQHQIDYRUGH&iUGHQDVGHVFHQGLyFRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWHSXHVREWXYRVyORHO
ODSUHVHQFLDGHOPRDIXHGHHQOD&iPDUDEDMD\QXHYDPHQWH
29



ExclsiorGHMXQLRGH
La JornadaGHVHSWLHPEUHGH
ExclsiorGHMXOLRGH

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109

98

5,&$5'2(63,12= $72/('2-8$13$%/21$9$55(7(9(/ $

GHHQHO6HQDGR0RGRQHVL/DUHGXFFLyQSXHGHDWULEXLUVH

DXQDOHFWXUDTXHVREUHGLPHQVLRQDEDODSUHVHQFLDGH&iUGHQDV(QVXWHUFHUDSRVWXODFLyQHQHODxRHOFDQGLGDWRSHUUHGLVWDUHFLELyHO
'XWUpQLWFLIUDVLPLODUDODGHDXQTXHHQODHOHFFLyQSDUD
GLSXWDGRVEDMyDOGHODYRWDFLyQ6LELHQHOPRDSHUGLySUHVHQFLDHQOD
HOHFFLyQGHGLSXWDGRVUHSXQWyHQHO6HQDGRDODOFDQ]DUHOGHORV
YRWRV(OPi[LPRKLVWyULFRGH&iUGHQDVIXHHQSDUDGHVFHQGHUFRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWHHQ\HQHOHFFLRQHVHQODVFXDOHVUR]yHO
UHVXOWDGRTXHVHUHHMyHQHO&RQJUHVR
(QODVHOHFFLRQHVGH\ORVSDUWLGRVGHL]TXLHUGDSRVWXODURQ
D /ySH] 2EUDGRU (VWH FDQGLGDWR DOFDQ]y VX Pi[LPR KLVWyULFR HQ 
FRQXQDYRWDFLyQFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDO(VSLQR]D'tD]\1DYDUUHWH
(QOD&iPDUDGH'LSXWDGRVODL]TXLHUGDREWXYRHO\HQHO
6HQDGRDOFDQ]yXQQXHYRKLVWyULFRFRQHOGHORVYRWRV$OLJXDOTXH
FRQ&iUGHQDVVHSXHGHREVHUYDUTXHHOFDQGLGDWRSUHVLGHQFLDOLQX\HHQOD
HOHFFLyQGHGLSXWDGRV\VHQDGRUHV(Q/ySH]2EUDGRUUHXQLyHO
GHORVYRWRV3pUH])HUQiQGH]ORTXHPXHVWUDODFRQVLVWHQFLDGHO
DEDQGHUDGRTXLHQPDQWXYRVXYLJRUHQODRSLQLyQS~EOLFDGXUDQWHGRVHOHFFLRQHVFRQVHFXWLYDV(QHVD~OWLPDHOHFFLyQODL]TXLHUGDREWXYRHOGH
YRWRVDOD&iPDUDGH'LSXWDGRV\HOSDUDHO6HQDGR$XQTXH/ySH]
2EUDGRUSHUGLyODVHOHFFLRQHVSUHVLGHQFLDOHVVHPDQWXYRSRUHQFLPDGHO
FHUFDGHOFDQGLGDWRJDQDGRU&XDGUR

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109

MORENA EN L A RECONFIGUR ACIN DEL SISTEMA DE PARTIDOS EN MXICO

99

CUADRO 5
Comparativo de votos: 1988-2012
Candidato

Eleccin

Votacin
presidencial

Porcentaje de
escaos en la
Cmara de
Diputados de toda
la izquierda

% de escaos
en la Cmara de
Senadores









&XDXKWpPRF&iUGHQDV









&XDXKWpPRF&iUGHQDV
PRD, PT&RQYHUJHQFLD
PAS, PSN)









$QGUpV0DQXHO/ySH]
2EUDGRU
PRD+PT&RQYHUJHQFLD









$QGUpV0DQXHO/ySH]
2EUDGRUPRD+PT+MC)









&XDXKWpPRF&iUGHQDV
FDN (PARM, PPS, PFCRN,
PMS)

)XHQWHHODERUDFLyQSURSLDFRQEDVHHQORVGDWRVGHOINE

/RVUHVXOWDGRVGHODVFLQFRHOHFFLRQHVSUHVLGHQFLDOHVTXHVHUHDOL]DURQ
GHDOPXHVWUDQTXHHOFDULVPDGHOFDQGLGDWRHVIXQGDPHQWDOSDUD
VLWXDUODYRWDFLyQSRUHQFLPDGHO/ySH]2EUDGRUIXHPX\LPSRUWDQWH
HQHVHSURSyVLWRFRPRORIXH&iUGHQDVHQ4XL]iSRUHVRHQ\
ODIXHU]DGHORVSDUWLGRVGHL]TXLHUGDIXHKRPRJpQHDHQORVUHVXOWDGRV
GHORVWUHViPELWRVHOHFWRUDOHVHQMXHJRHOSUHVLGHQFLDOGHGLSXWDGRV\GH
VHQDGRUHV
/ySH]2EUDGRUHVODJXUDFHQWUDOGHMORENA\SRUWDQWRIXHGHWHUPLQDQWHSDUDSRVLFLRQDUORDQWHHOHOHFWRUDGR0iVDOOiGHODGLULJHQFLDIRUPDOGH
MORENA,HOWDEDVTXHxRHVHOIXQGDGRU\OtGHULQGLVFXWLEOHHQRWUDVSDODEUDV
HOMHIHUHDOGLVWLQFLyQSURSXHVWDSRU0DXULFH'XYHUJHU1R
GHEHROYLGDUVHTXHHQGRVHOHFFLRQHVSUHVLGHQFLDOHVFRQVHFXWLYDV/ySH]
2EUDGRUORJUyDWUDHUDPiVGHOGHOHOHFWRUDGR&RPRFDQGLGDWRSUHVLGHQFLDOGHMORENAHQWLHQHODVSRVLELOLGDGHVGHDOFDQ]DUHVHSRUFHQWDMH+D\YDULDVUD]RQHVSDUDVRVWHQHUOR/DGHELOLGDGGHOPRD\GHOPANDVt

El CENGH MORENAVHLQWHJUDGHVHFUHWDUtDV\ODSUHVLGHQFLDQDFLRQDODFDUJRGH
0DUWt%DWUHV

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109



5,&$5'2(63,12= $72/('2-8$13$%/21$9$55(7(9(/ $

FRPRODSpUGLGDGHFUHGLELOLGDG\OHJLWLPLGDGGHO3UHVLGHQWHGHOD5HS~EOLFD
GHULYDGDGHODLQVHJXULGDGGHOFRQLFWRGHLQWHUpV\ODFRUUXSFLyQGHODGHSUHFLDFLyQGHOSHVRGHODEDMDGHOSUHFLRGHOSHWUyOHRGHOHVWDQFDPLHQWRGH
ODHFRQRPtD\GHODLQRSHUDQFLDGHODVUHIRUPDVDSUREDGDVHQHOPDUFRGHO
Pacto por MxicoSXHGHQDSXQWDODUODRIHUWDDOWHUQDWLYDGH/ySH]2EUDGRU
4XLHQHV KDQ VLPSDWL]DGR FRQ OD L]TXLHUGD HQFRQWUDUiQ HQ MORENA la
RSFLyQSROtWLFDPiVDWUDFWLYD(QVXSULPHUDFRQWLHQGDHOHFWRUDOMORENAVH
FRQYLUWLyHQODFXDUWDIXHU]DSROtWLFDQDFLRQDO(QODSHUVSHFWLYDGHHV
SUHYLVLEOHODUHQRYDFLyQGHODDOLDQ]DGH/ySH]2EUDGRUFRQ MC y el PTVL
PDQWLHQHHOUHJLVWUR/DSUR\HFFLyQGHORVUHVXOWDGRVGHDODVHOHFFLRQHV
GHRIUHFHGHSDUWLGDSDUDHOFDQGLGDWRSUHVLGHQFLDOGHMORENA
\DOLDGRVTXHVLJQLFDDOWDVSRVLELOLGDGHVGHWULXQIR(QHO6HQDGR\HQOD
&iPDUDGH'LSXWDGRVHVWDDOLDQ]DURQGDUtDHOUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
MORENAVHVLWXyHQFHUFDGHOGHORVYRWRVHQODVHOHFFLRQHVGHSRU
YDULDVUD]RQHV(QWUHRWUDVSRUTXHMXQWRDODVGLIHUHQFLDVLGHROyJLFDVFRQHO
JUXSR GH ORV WUHV SDUWLGRV WUDGLFLRQDOHV HQ YHLQWH DxRV GH FRPSHWHQFLD
HOHFWRUDOQRVHKDEtDIXQGDGRXQSDUWLGRFRQXQOtGHUFDULVPiWLFRTXHSRU
DxDGLGXUDKDEtDVLGRFDQGLGDWRSUHVLGHQFLDOHQGRVRFDVLRQHVMORENAHV
HOGHSRVLWDULRGHODVLPSDWtDDIDYRUGH/ySH]2EUDGRUTXHRIUHFHOD~QLFD
DOWHUQDWLYDDOSUHGRPLQLRGHORVWUHVJUDQGHV$ODEULUHVSDFLRVDTXLHQHV
EXVTXHQVHUSURPRYLGRVSRUXQDRUJDQL]DFLyQGHL]TXLHUGD\DODVDOLDQ]DV
HVWHSDUWLGRDPSOLDUiVXHVSHFWUR/DVDOLDQ]DVFXPSOHQXQDIXQFLyQLPSRUWDQWHHQHOVLVWHPDGHSDUWLGRVVLHPSUH\FXDQGRODUHQWDELOLGDGHOHFWRUDO
QRYD\DHQPHQRVFDERGHODLGHRORJtDGHOSDUWLGR5H\QRVR$KtVH
HQFXHQWUDXQRGHORVUHWRVGHMORENATXHSRGUiDSURYHFKDUVXVDOLDQ]DV
SDUDGHVDUUROODUVXHVWUXFWXUDRUJiQLFD\IRUWDOHFHUVXLQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGLPSXOVDUODSURIHVLRQDOL]DFLyQGHVXVFXDGURVGLULJHQWHVODDPSOLDFLyQGHVXV
EDVHV\HOIRUWDOHFLPLHQWRGHVXRIHUWDSROtWLFDIRUPDQSDUWHGHVXVWDUHDV
LQPHGLDWDV

Conclusiones
(OVLVWHPDSOXUDOGHSDUWLGRVHQ0p[LFRVHKDVRVWHQLGRHQWUHVRIHUWDVSROtWLFDVFHQWUDOHVPRI, PAN y PRDVRQHOUHVXOWDGRPiVDFDEDGRGHOSURFHVR
GHGHPRFUDWL]DFLyQ(QORV~OWLPRVDxRVMXQWRVKDQFRQFHQWUDGRODFDVL
WRWDOLGDGGHORVYRWRV\GHFDUJRVS~EOLFRVDXQTXHKDVLGRHOPRIHOGHPD\RU
SUHVHQFLDHQHOSDtV(QHVHSHUtRGRVHIXQGDURQQXHYRVSDUWLGRVDOJXQRVGH


 6LVWHPDGH&RQVXOWDGHOD(VWDGtVWLFDGHODV(OHFFLRQHV)HGHUDOHVINE

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109

MORENA EN L A RECONFIGUR ACIN DEL SISTEMA DE PARTIDOS EN MXICO



ORVFXDOHVQRPDQWXYLHURQVXUHJLVWUR'HPRFUDFLD6RFLDO6RFLDO'HPyFUDWD
GH0p[LFR\0p[LFR3RVLEOHSRUFLWDUXQRVHMHPSORVDOQRDOFDQ]DUHOXPEUDO
GHYRWDFLyQQHFHVDULRDQWHVGHODUHIRUPDGHHOXPEUDOHUDGHD
SDUWLUGHODFLWDGDUHIRUPDHVGH+DVWDDKRUDHOPi[LPRKLVWyULFRGH
XQSDUWLGRGHQXHYDFUHDFLyQHVGHFLUIXHUDGHORVWUHVJUDQGHVKDEtDVLGR
GHREWHQLGRHQODHOHFFLyQIHGHUDOLQWHUPHGLDGH
6LELHQODVUHJODVGHOVLVWHPDGHSDUWLGRVGLFXOWDQQRSURKtEHQODIRUPDFLyQGHQXHYRVSDUWLGRV6LQHPEDUJRKDQDOHQWDGRHOPDQWHQLPLHQWRGHWUHV
IXHU]DVSULQFLSDOHV6HFRQVWUX\yDVtXQVLVWHPDGHSOXUDOLVPRPRGHUDGR
TXHWLHQGHDPDUJLQDUDORVSDUWLGRVGHQXHYDFUHDFLyQ(QODVHOHFFLRQHV
SUHVLGHQFLDOHVGH\WRGRVHVWRVFRPSLWLHURQHQDOLDQ]DVR
FRDOLFLRQHVHVGHFLUVHDGKLULHURQDDOJXQRGHORVWUHVJUDQGHV(QUD]yQGH
la Ley de PartidosFUHDGDHQORVQXHYRVSDUWLGRVQRWLHQHQGHUHFKR
DFRDOLJDUVHFRQQLQJ~QSDUWLGRSROtWLFRRDJUXSDFLyQHQVXSULPHUSURFHVR
HOHFWRUDO1RREVWDQWHHVDUHVWULFFLyQMORENAVXSHUyHOUHWRGHSUHVHQWDUVH
~QLFDPHQWHFRQFDQGLGDWRVSURSLRVDODVHOHFFLRQHVLQWHUPHGLDVGH
'XUDQWHHOSHULRGRTXHYDGHDOHO PRDIXHOLGHUDGRSRUGRV
JXUDVFDULVPiWLFDV&XDXKWpPRF&iUGHQDV\$QGUpV0DQXHO/ySH]2EUDGRU
HQHWDSDVVXFHVLYDV/ySH]2EUDGRULQFUHPHQWyVXFDSLWDOSROtWLFRDSDUWLUGH
FRPRMHIHGHJRELHUQRGHODF$XQTXHVXLQXHQFLD\SUHVHQFLDVXIULy
DOWLEDMRVGHVSXpVGHORVDGYHUVRVUHVXOWDGRVHOHFWRUDOHVGHPDQWXYR
YLJHQWHVXOLGHUD]JR(QWUH\WXYRXQSHUOPRGHUDGRTXHOHD\XGy
DFRQVHJXLUQXHYDPHQWHODFDQGLGDWXUDSUHVLGHQFLDOGHOPRDHQQRVLQ
FRQLFWRVIXHUWHVFRQODIUDFFLyQ1XHYD,]TXLHUGDNI
'HUURWDGRSRUVHJXQGDRFDVLyQHQODVHOHFFLRQHVGH/ySH]2EUDGRU
GHFLGLyUHQXQFLDUDOPRDSRUGLIHUHQFLDVLQWHUQDV\FRQVWUXLUVXSURSLRSDUWLGR
(VDHVFLVLyQKDVLGRODPD\RUIUDFWXUDSDGHFLGDSRUHOPRDODRUJDQL]DFLyQ
PiVDFDEDGDGHODL]TXLHUGDPH[LFDQD/DIXQGDFLyQGH MORENAGHELOLWy
QRWDEOHPHQWHDOSHUUHGLVPRTXHHQDFDEyVLHQGRDEDQGRQDGRWDPELpQ
SRUVXIXQGDGRU\JXUDHPEOHPiWLFDHOLQJ&iUGHQDVSRUWDPSRFRFRPSDUWLU
ODOtQHDFRODERUDFLRQLVWDGHODGLULJHQFLDSHUUHGLVWDFRQHOJRELHUQRGHOPRI$O
LJXDOTXHRWUDVJXUDVGHVWDFDGDVHOGHIHEUHURGHUHQXQFLyDVXV
ODV0DUFHOR(EUDUGTXLHQIXHUD-HIHGH*RELHUQRGHODFGHD
(OFHQWURGHJUDYHGDGGHMORENAHVHOOLGHUD]JRFDULVPiWLFRGH$QGUpV
0DQXHO/ySH]2EUDGRUDpOFRUUHVSRQGHQWDQWRHOPpULWRFRPRODFDSDFLGDG
GHFRQYRFDWRULD/DUXWDVHJXLGDSDUDODIXQGDFLyQGHMORENAWLHQHFLHUWR
SDUDOHOLVPRFRQODGHO PRDHQHOVHQWLGRGHTXHDPERVSUR\HFWRVIXHURQ
HQFDEH]DGRVSRUOtGHUHVFDULVPiWLFRVIXHUWHV(QODVFRQGLFLRQHVSROtWLFDV\
VRFLDOHVGH\GHVSXpVGHORVODPHQWDEOHVKHFKRVRFXUULGRVHQ,JXDOD
*XHUUHUR\GHVHSWLHPEUHGHDVtFRPRGHORVHVFiQGDORVGH

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109



5,&$5'2(63,12= $72/('2-8$13$%/21$9$55(7(9(/ $

FRUUXSFLyQGHOJRELHUQRIHGHUDO\VXVFHUFDQRV\GHOGHVGLEXMDPLHQWRGHOPRD
FRPRSDUWLGRRSRVLWRUDSDUWLUGHOPacto por MxicoODIXHU]DGHDWUDFFLyQ
TXH UHSUHVHQWD /ySH] 2EUDGRU SXGR FRQYHUWLU D MORENA HQ OD QRYHGRVD
DOWHUQDWLYDGHL]TXLHUGD
El PRDSRUVXODGRIXHHOPiVDIHFWDGRSRUORVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVGH*XHUUHURTXHFRQGXMHURQDODUHQXQFLDGHOJREHUQDGRUQJHO$JXLUUH5LYHURHQ
\HVODRUJDQL]DFLyQVREUHODTXHVHKL]RUHFDHUODUHVSRQVDELOLGDG
GHSROtWLFRVOLJDGRVDODGHOLQFXHQFLDRUJDQL]DGDHQHOSDtVDFDXVDGHORV
KHFKRVGH,JXDODHQTXHJREHUQDEDXQKRPEUHGHO PRD(ODEDQGRQRGH
ODVODVSHUUHGLVWDVSRUJXUDVHPEOHPiWLFDV\UHSUHVHQWDWLYDV\HOGHFOLYH
HOHFWRUDOTXHUHJLVWUyHQODVHOHFFLRQHVHVWDWDOHV\ORFDOHVGH\
GDQFXHQWDGHXQVHULR\SURJUHVLYRGHELOLWDPLHQWRGHOPRD
MORENA SRVHH XQD HVWUXFWXUD LQLFLDO TXH OH SRVLELOLWy HO UHJLVWUR FRPR
SDUWLGRSROtWLFRHQ'HULYDGRGHODVHOHFFLRQHVGHHVWHSDUWLGR
HVODQXHYDIXHU]DFRPSHWLWLYDGHOVLVWHPDSROtWLFRPH[LFDQR<DDQWHVGH
REWHQHUHOUHJLVWURFRPRSDUWLGRMORENAFRQWDEDFRQODDOLDQ]DGHO3DUWLGR
GHO 7UDEDMR PT \ GH 0RYLPLHQWR &LXGDGDQR MC \ VL HO PT FRQVHUYD VX
UHJLVWURQRVHSXHGHGHVFDUWDUVXUHHQFXHQWURKDFLDHOSURFHVRGH
(QFXDQWRDO PRDFRQODPLUDHQWLHQHODDOWHUQDWLYDGHSUHVHQWDUVH
FRQFDQGLGDWRSUHVLGHQFLDOSURSLRRDOLDUVHFRQHOFDQGLGDWRSUHVLGHQFLDOGH
MORENA/ySH]2EUDGRUODSULPHUDRSFLyQDVHJXUDHOWULXQIRGHOELSDUWLGLVPR
PRI- PAN\ODDXWRDQLTXLODFLyQGHODL]TXLHUGDFRPRRSFLyQSROtWLFDH[LWRVD
ODVHJXQGDHVWiSRUYHUVH

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109

MORENA EN L A RECONFIGUR ACIN DEL SISTEMA DE PARTIDOS EN MXICO



$1(;26
ANEXO 1
Votos de partidos nuevos y pequeos, 1991-2015
Partido

Tipo de
eleccin

Votos
alcanzados

%
votos

Votos totales
de la eleccin

3DUWLGR3RSXODU6RFLDOLVWDPPS)
3DUWLGR)UHQWH&DUGHQLVWDGH
5HFRQVWUXFFLyQ1DFLRQDOPFCRN)
3DUWLGR$XWpQWLFRGHOD5HYROXFLyQ
0H[LFDQD
3DUWLGR'HPyFUDWD0H[LFDQR
3DUWLGR5HYROXFLRQDULRGHORV
 7UDEDMDGRUHV
3DUWLGR(FRORJLVWDGH0p[LFR
3DUWLGRGHO7UDEDMR
3DUWLGR3RSXODU6RFLDOLVWDPPS)
3DUWLGR)UHQWH&DUGHQLVWDGH
5HFRQVWUXFFLyQ1DFLRQDOPFCRN)
3DUWLGR$XWpQWLFRGHOD5HYROXFLyQ
0H[LFDQD
UNO3DUWLGR'HPyFUDWD0H[LFDQR
3DUWLGR9HUGH(FRORJLVWDGH0p[LFR
3DUWLGRGHO7UDEDMR
3DUWLGR&DUGHQLVWD
3DUWLGR9HUGH(FRORJLVWDGH0p[LFR
3DUWLGR3RSXODU6RFLDOLVWDPPS)
UNO3DUWLGR'HPyFUDWD0H[LFDQR
3DUWLGRGHO7UDEDMR
3DUWLGR'HPRFUDFLD6RFLDO
3DUWLGR$XWpQWLFRGHOD5HYROXFLyQ
'HPRFUiWLFD
'HPRFUDFLD6RFLDO3DUWLGR3ROtWLFR
1DFLRQDO
3DUWLGR9HUGH(FRORJLVWDGH0p[LFR
3DUWLGRGHO7UDEDMR
&RQYHUJHQFLDSRUOD'HPRFUDFLD
3DUWLGRGHOD6RFLHGDG1DFLRQDOLVWD
0p[LFR3RVLEOH
3DUWLGR/LEHUDO0H[LFDQR
)XHU]D&LXGDGDQD
3DUWLGR1XHYD$OLDQ]D


,QWHUPHGLDSDUD
ODUHQRYDFLyQGH
GLSXWDGRV



































































9RWRVHQOD
HOHFFLyQGH
GLSXWDGRV











3UHVLGHQFLDO


,QWHUPHGLDSDUD
ODUHQRYDFLyQGH
GLSXWDGRV

3UHVLGHQFLDO


,QWHUPHGLDSDUD
ODUHQRYDFLyQGH
GLSXWDGRV


3UHVLGHQFLDO

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109













5,&$5'2(63,12= $72/('2-8$13$%/21$9$55(7(9(/ $

ANEXO 1
Votos de partidos nuevos y pequeos, 1991-2015
(continuacin)

Partido

Tipo de
eleccin

Votos
alcanzados

%
votos

Votos totales
de la eleccin

3DUWLGR9HUGH(FRORJLVWDGH0p[LFR
3DUWLGRGHO7UDEDMR
&RQYHUJHQFLD


,QWHUPHGLDSDUD
ODUHQRYDFLyQGH
GLSXWDGRV












9RWRVHQOD
HOHFFLyQGH
GLSXWDGRV






























PANAL

3DUWLGR6RFLDOGHPyFUDWD
3ULPHUR0p[LFR
6DOYHPRV0p[LFR
3DUWLGR9HUGH(FRORJLVWDGH0p[LFR
3DUWLGRGHO7UDEDMR
0RYLPLHQWR&LXGDGDQR


3UHVLGHQFLDO

PANAL

3DUWLGR9HUGH(FRORJLVWDGH0p[LFR
3DUWLGRGHO7UDEDMR
0RYLPLHQWR&LXGDGDQR
PANAL
MORENA

3DUWLGR+XPDQLVWD
3DUWLGR(QFXHQWUR6RFLDO


,QWHUPHGLDSDUD
ODUHQRYDFLyQGH
GLSXWDGRV



PREP/INE




)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDFRQGDWRVGHO,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDO(OHFWRUDO$WODVGHUHVXOWDGRV

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109

MORENA EN L A RECONFIGUR ACIN DEL SISTEMA DE PARTIDOS EN MXICO



ANEXO 2
Escaos de los partidos nuevos y pequeos, 1991-2015
Partido
3DUWLGR)UHQWH&DUGHQLVWDGH
5HFRQVWUXFFLyQ1DFLRQDOPFCRN)
3DUWLGR$XWpQWLFRGHOD5HYROXFLyQ
0H[LFDQD
3DUWLGR3RSXODU6RFLDOLVWD
3DUWLGRGHO7UDEDMR

Tipo de eleccin

Diputados


,QWHUPHGLDSDUDOD
UHQRYDFLyQGHGLSXWDGRV



Senadores





3UHVLGHQFLDO



3DUWLGR9HUGH(FRORJLVWDGH0p[LFR
3DUWLGRGHO7UDEDMR


,QWHUPHGLDSDUDOD
UHQRYDFLyQGHGLSXWDGRV




3DUWLGR9HUGH(FRORJLVWDGH0p[LFR
&RQYHUJHQFLD
3DUWLGRGHO7UDEDMR
3DUWLGRGHOD6RFLHGDG1DFLRQDOLVWD
3DUWLGR$OLDQ]D6RFLDO


3UHVLGHQFLDO



8
2
2

3DUWLGR9HUGH(FRORJLVWDGH0p[LFR
3DUWLGRGHO7UDEDMR
&RQYHUJHQFLDSRUOD'HPRFUDFLD


,QWHUPHGLDSDUDOD
UHQRYDFLyQGHGLSXWDGRV





3DUWLGR1XHYD$OLDQ]D
3DUWLGRGHO7UDEDMR
3DUWLGR9HUGH(FRORJLVWDGH0p[LFR
0RYLPLHQWR&LXGDGDQR


3UHVLGHQFLDO

8

22


3DUWLGR9HUGH(FRORJLVWDGH0p[LFR
3DUWLGRGHO7UDEDMR
&RQYHUJHQFLD


,QWHUPHGLDSDUDOD
UHQRYDFLyQGHGLSXWDGRV

22


8

3DUWLGR9HUGH(FRORJLVWDGH0p[LFR
3DUWLGRGHO7UDEDMR
0RYLPLHQWR&LXGDGDQR
3DUWLGR1XHYD$OLDQ]D


3UHVLGHQFLDO

29




3DUWLGR9HUGH(FRORJLVWDGH0p[LFR
3DUWLGRGHO7UDEDMR
0RYLPLHQWR&LXGDGDQR
3DUWLGR1XHYD$OLDQ]D
025(1$
3DUWLGR+XPDQLVWD
3DUWLGR(QFXHQWUR6RFLDO


,QWHUPHGLDSDUDOD
UHQRYDFLyQGHGLSXWDGRV

PANAL

)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDFRQGDWRVGHO,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDO(OHFWRUDOAtlas de resultados.

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109






9






5,&$5'2(63,12= $72/('2-8$13$%/21$9$55(7(9(/ $

Bibliografa
$GOHU/RPQLW]/DULVVD\-RUJH*LO0HQGLHWD(OQHROLEHUDOLVPR\ORV
FDPELRVHQODpOLWHGHSRGHUHQ0p[LFRRevista Hispana para el Anlisis
de las Redes SocialesYROQ~P(VSDxD8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH
%DUFHORQD
$ODUFyQ%HFHUUD&XQDet al.Elecciones 2012. Evaluacin e implicaciones polticas0p[LFRUAM -I
%ROtYDU0H]D5RVHQGR(OPRD\ODWUDQVLFLyQDODGHPRFUDFLDHQ
5HYHOHV 9i]TXH] )UDQFLVFR FRRUG Partido de la Revolucin Democrtica. Los problemas de la institucionalizacin,0p[LFR*HUQLNDUNAM
%RUMDV%HQDYHQWH$GULDQDPartido de la Revolucin Democrtica.
Estructura, organizacin interna y desempeo pblico 1989-20030p[LFR*HUQLND
'tD] $OGUHW $QD  (QWUH OD YRODWLOLGDG \ HO DDQ]DPLHQWR GHO PAN
FDPELRVHQODGLQiPLFDHOHFWRUDOHQ4XHUpWDURCIESASQ~P0p[LFR
PD\RDJRVWR
'XWUpQLW%LHORXV6LOYLD/DPDQ]DQDGHODGLVFRUGLDRHOYRWR~WLOHQ
ODVHOHFFLRQHVPiVFRPSHWLGDVGH0p[LFRHQ(O'RVGHMXOLRUHH[LRQHV
posteriores0p[LFRFLACSO, UNAM, UAM -I
'XYHUJHU0DXULFHLos partidos polticos,0p[LFRFCE
(VSLQR]D7ROHGR5LFDUGR\<RODQGD0H\HQEHUJ8QLQWHQWRIDOOLGR
GHODUHFRQJXUDFLyQGHOVLVWHPDGHSDUWLGRVHQ0p[LFRHQ0H\HQEHUJ
<RODQGDFRRUG'RVGHMXOLRUHH[LRQHVSRVWHULRUHV0p[LFR FLACSO,
IIS, UAM -I
(VSLQR]D7ROHGR5LFDUGR5RFtR'tD]&DQFLQR\-XDQ3DEOR1DYDUUHWH9HOD
PRD, PAN y PRIHQEXVFDGHOSRGHUSUHVLGHQFLDOHQ$GULiQ
*LPDWH:HOVKFRRUGRumbo a Los Pinos. Los candidatos y los partidos
polticos0p[LFRUAM0LJXHO$3RUU~D
(VSLQR]D7ROHGR5LFDUGR3URWHFFLyQGHORVGHUHFKRVGHORVDOLDdos a partidos polticos6HULH&RPHQWDULRVDODV6HQWHQFLDVGHO7ULEXQDO
(OHFWRUDO0p[LFRTEPJF
(VSLQR]D7ROHGR5LFDUGR\-XDQ3DEOR1DYDUUHWH9HOD(YROXFLyQGHO
OLGHUD]JRHQHOPRDRevista PolisYROQ~PHUR0p[LFR
UAM -I
*DUFtD 3RQFH -RUJH ,JQDFLR  PRD FFLyQ \ FRQWUDGLFFLRQHV /RV
GLOHPDVGHXQSDUWLGRGpELORHOVXHxRTXHQRIXHHQEl CotidianoYRO
Q~P0p[LFRUAM $]FDSRW]DOFRPDU]RDEULO
/RDH]D6ROHGDGEl Partido Accin Nacional: la larga marcha, 19391994. Oposicin leal y partido de protesta0p[LFRFCE

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109

MORENA EN L A RECONFIGUR ACIN DEL SISTEMA DE PARTIDOS EN MXICO



0DUWtQH] *RQ]iOH] 9tFWRU +XJR  Fisiones y fusiones, divorcios y

reconciliaciones: la dirigencia del Partido de la Revolucin Democrtica.
1989-20040p[LFR FLACSO 0p[LFRCEPySGH0RQWHUUH\FCPyS, UNAM/
FCyA, UNAM3OD]D\9DOGpV
0H\HQEHUJ /H\FHJXL <RODQGD FRRUG  (O 'RV GH MXOLR UHH[LRQHV
posteriores, FLACSO0p[LFRUNAM, UAM -I
0H\HQEHUJ/H\FHJXL<RODQGD(O PRD/DSXJQDSRUXQOLGHUD]JR
HQ(VSLQR]D7ROHGR5LFDUGR\5RVD0DUtD0LUyQ/LQFHFRRUGVPartidos
polticos en Mxico: nuevos liderazgos y relaciones internas de autoridad,
0p[LFRUAM/AMED/UNAM
0RGRQHVL0DVVLPREl Partido de la Revolucin Democrtica0p[LFR
1RVWUD(GLFLRQHV
0RUHQR$OHMDQGUREl Votante mexicano0p[LFRFCE
0RUHQR$OHMDQGUR\3DWULFLD0pQGH]/DLGHQWLFDFLyQSDUWLGLVWDHQ
ODVHOHFFLRQHVSUHVLGHQFLDOHVGH\HQ0p[LFR'HVDOLQHDFLyQ
RUHDOLQHDFLyQ"Poltica y GobiernoYROCIDE,VHPHVWUH
3DOPD(VSHUDQ]DLas bases polticas de la alternancia en Mxico.
Un estudio del PAN y el PRD0p[LFRUAM
3DOPD (VSHUDQ]D  (O PRD 3URFHVR GH DSUHQGL]DMH WUD\HFWRULD
HOHFWRUDO\RUJDQL]DFLyQEl CotidianoYROQ~P0p[LFRUAM -A,
PDU]RDEULO
3DQHELDQFR$QJHORModelos de partidos0DGULG$OLDQ]D
3pUH] )HUQiQGH] GHO &DVWLOOR *HUPiQ FRRUG  Elecciones 2012,
FUyQLFDGHXQFRQLFWRDQXQFLDGR0p[LFRUNAM
3LYURQ $QQH  $QDWRPtD GH XQ SDUWLGR GH RSRVLFLyQ PH[LFDQR OD
HVWUXFWXUDGHOMXHJRSROtWLFRHQHO3DUWLGRGHOD5HYROXFLyQ'HPRFUiWLFDRevista Estudios SociolgicosYRO XVIIQ~P0p[LFR COLMEX,
HQHURDEULO
5HYHOHV 9i]TXH] )UDQFLVFR  )XQGDFLyQ H LQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DFLyQ GHO
PRD OLGHUD]JRV IUDFFLRQHV \ FRQIURQWDFLRQHV HQ 5HYHOHV 9i]TXH]
)UDQFLVFRFRRUGPartido de la Revolucin Democrtica. Los problemas
de la institucionalizacin0p[LFR*HUQLNDUNAM
5LYHUD6HUDItQ2VFDU(O3DUWLGRSDUWLGRGHOD5HYROXFLyQ'HPRFUiWLFD"/DGRPLQDFLyQFDULVPiWLFDHQHOPRDEspacios PblicosYRO
Q~P0p[LFRUAEMVHSWLHPEUHGLFLHPEUHSS
5H\QRVR 'LHJR  $SUHQGLHQGR D FRPSHWLU $OLDQ]DV HOHFWRUDOHV \
PDUJHQ GH YLFWRULD HQ ORV HVWDGRV PH[LFDQRV  Poltica y
GobiernoYRO0p[LFRCIDEHQHUR
6DUWRUL*LRYDQQLPartidos y sistemas de partidosWHUFHUDUHLPSUHVLyQ
0DGULG$OLDQ]D8QLYHUVLGDG

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109



5,&$5'2(63,12= $72/('2-8$13$%/21$9$55(7(9(/ $

9DOGpV0DUtD(XJHQLD3RGHUSROtWLFR\PHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQHO

FDVRGHORVYLGHRHVFiQGDORVHQ0p[LFR/XLV0DLUDet al., en Democracia
y medios de comunicacin0p[LFRIEDFFROHFFLyQ6LQHUJLDQ~P
Otras fuentes
AFP, La Jornada en internet(O PRDWLHQHTXHSRQHUVHDWUDEDMDUSDUDVHU

XQ SDUWLGR FRQ VHQWLGR GHPRFUiWLFR &iUGHQDV UHFXSHUDGR GH KWWS

ZZZMRUQDGDXQDPP[SROLWLFDQSROSXEOLFDGRHOGH
VHSWLHPEUHGHFRQVXOWDGRHOGHQRYLHPEUHGH
$UDQGD(QULTXH'HVSOD]D MORENA al PAN, en el DFExclsior por Internet UHFXSHUDGR GH KWWSZZZH[FHOVLRUFRPP[RSLQLRQHQULTXHDUDQGDSXEOLFDGRHOGHMXOLRGHFRQVXOWDGRHO
GHQRYLHPEUHGH
%XHQGtD /DUHGRHQ,QWHUQHW3DQRUDPD(OHFWRUDOUHFXSHUDGRGHKWWSZZZ
EXHQGLD\ODUHGRFRPHQFXHVWDVSXEOLFDVBGHWDOOHSKS"LGSXEOLFDFLRQ 
SXEOLFDGRHOGHVHSWLHPEUHGHFRQVXOWDGRHOGHQRYLHPEUHGH

&DULQD*DUFtDEl Universal/ySH]2EUDGRULQLFLDFDPSDxDSRUMORENA
SXEOLFDGRHOGHMXOLRGHUHFXSHUDGRGHKWWSZZZHOXQLYHUVDO
FRPP[QDFLRQPH[LFRLQLFLDORSH]REUDGRUFDPSDQLDSRU025(1$KWPOFRQVXOWDGRHOGHRFWXEUHGH
&RPSRVLFLyQSRUWLSRGHHOHFFLyQ\JUXSRSDUODPHQWDULR&iPDUDGH'LSXWDGRVUHFXSHUDGRGHKWWSVLWOGLSXWDGRVJREP[/;,,BOHJFXDGURBWLSRBHOHF
SKSFRQVXOWDGRHOGHRFWXEUHGH\GHPDU]RGH
CNN/RVFDQGLGDWRVHQEDMRHVFUXWLQLRSDUDEOLQGDUODVHOHFFLRQHV"
CNN0p[LFRUHFXSHUDGRGHKWWSPH[LFRFQQFRPDGQSROLWLFR
ORVFDQGLGDWRVHQEDMRHVFUXWLQLRSDUDEOLQGDUODVHOHFFLRQHV
FRQVXOWDGRHOGtDGHPDU]RGH
'HFODUDFLyQGH$QGUpV0DQXHO/ySH]2EUDGRUFDQGLGDWXUDH[WHUQDVHQ
Carpeta de documentos del 18 de marzo 1998, IERD0p[LFR6HFUHWDUtD
GH&RPXQLFDFLyQ\3URSDJDQGD
(QFXHVWDV$FHFKDMORENA en el DFReforma en InternetUHFXSHUDGRGH
KWWSJUXSRUHIRUPDEORJVFRPHQFXHVWDV"S  SXEOLFDGR HO  GH
MXOLRGHFRQVXOWDGRHOGHQRYLHPEUHGH
(QFXHVWDPRDWRGDYtDFRQODPD\RUtDHQODFLXGDGEl Universal en InternetSXEOLFDGRHOGHVHSWLHPEUHGHUHFXSHUDGRGHKWWSZZZ
HOXQLYHUVDOFRPP[FLXGDGPHWURSROLHQFXHVWDSUGDXQFXHQWDFRQ
ODPD\RULDHQODFLXGDGKWPOFRQVXOWDGRHOGHQRYLHPEUHGH


Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109

MORENA EN L A RECONFIGUR ACIN DEL SISTEMA DE PARTIDOS EN MXICO



(QFXHVWDEl Financiero3DUDPHWUtDGHPDU]RGH
(VWDWXWRGHMORENA)XHQWHINEUHFXSHUDGRGHKWWSZZZLQHP[DUFKLYRV
SRUWDOKLVWRULFRFRQWHQLGR'LUHFWRULRB\BGRFXPHQWRVBEDVLFRVFRQVXOWDGR
HOGtDGHQRYLHPEUHGH
)HUQiQGH]0HQpQGH]-RUJH(OPRDDQWHAMLOVHURGHEHUVHU"Exclsior
en InternetSXEOLFDGRHOGHMXOLRGHUHFXSHUDGRGHKWWSZZZ
H[FHOVLRUFRPP[RSLQLRQMRUJHIHUQDQGH]PHQHQGH]
FRQVXOWDGRHOGHQRYLHPEUHGH
*XHUUHUR$JXLUUH)UDQFLVFRExclsior en internetAMLO y PRDVHFXHODVGHO
GLYRUFLRUHFXSHUDGRGHKWWSZZZH[FHOVLRUFRPP[RSLQLRQIUDQFLVFR
JXHUUHURDJXLUUHSXEOLFDGRHOGHMXQLRGH
FRQVXOWDGRHOGHQRYLHPEUHGH
,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDO(OHFWRUDO$FXHUGRINE/CGUHFXSHUDGRGHKWWS
ZZZLQHP[DUFKLYRVSRUWDOKLVWRULFRUHFXUVRVIFEYDS/DS-CG/DS6HVLRQHVCG/CG DFXHUGRV-XOLRCGH[B&*H[B
DSBSGIFRQVXOWDGRHOGHMXQLR
/H\ *HQHUDO GH 3DUWLGRV 3ROtWLFRV WH[WR YLJHQWH PD\R  DOF  GH
PD\R
3RUWDGD$QDOLVWDVYHQJXHUUDVXFLDFRQWUDAMLOSRUSDUWHGHOPRI\HO(VWDGRFRPRHQParntesis en internetSXEOLFDGRHOGHQRYLHPEUH
GHUHFXSHUDGRGHKWWSSDUHQWHVLVSOXVFRPDQDOLVWDV
YHQJXHUUDVXFLDFRQWUDDPORSRUSDUHWHGHOSUL\HOHVWDGRFRPRHQ
SRUSDUWHFRQVXOWDGRHOGHQRYLHPEUHGH
5DQJHO;RFKLWO-XVWLFLD\KRQHVWLGDGUHJLUiQ5HS~EOLFD$PRURVDAMLO
El Universal en InternetSXEOLFDGRHOGHHQHURGHUHFXSHUDGR
GHKWWSZZZHOXQLYHUVDOFRPP[QRWDVKWPOFRQVXOWDGRHOGH
QRYLHPEUHGH
5HVXOWDGRV(OHFFLyQ,QWHUQDComit General de Sistema ElectoralGHOPRD,
0p[LFR,QVWLWXWRGH(VWXGLRVGH5HYROXFLyQ'HPRFUiWLFD
5H\HV-XDQ3DEOR-HV~V=DPEUDQRFDOLFDGHGHPDJRJRD/ySH]2EUDGRUSXEOLFDGRHOGHRFWXEUHExclsior en internetUHFXSHUDGR
GHKWWSZZZH[FHOVLRUFRPP[QDFLRQDOFRQVXOWDGR
HOGHQRYLHPEUHGH
6LVWHPDGH&RQVXOWDGHOD(VWDGtVWLFDGHODV(OHFFLRQHV)HGHUDOHV
 INE UHFXSHUDGR GH KWWSVLFHHILIHRUJP[SHISICEEF
KWPOFRQVXOWDGRHOGHVHSWLHPEUHGH
3URJUDPD GH 5HVXOWDGRV (OHFWRUDOHV 3UHOLPLQDUHV GHO INE KWWSZZZLQH
P[PREPGLIXVRUHVKWPOFRQVXOWDGRHOGHMXQLR
3URJUDPD GH 5HVXOWDGRV (OHFWRUDOHV 3UHHOLPLQDUHV IEDF KWWSZZZLHGI
RUJP[VLWHVPEOLQGH[PREP2KWPOFRQVXOWDGRHOGHMXQLRGH

Estudios Polticos, novena poca, nm. 37 (enero-abril, 2016): 81-109