ELECTRIC CAR MODIFICATION WITH THE GENERATORS FOR THE BATTERY RECHARGE

Polyakova A.V., Polyakov M.V

National Research
Tomsk Polytechnic University,
Institute of Nondestructive testing
Tomsk, Russia

As a petroleum and gas reserves is a nonrenewable and expensive as well as our planet
is strongly polluted, therefore there is a need in alternative energy sources and necessity in the
conversion to pollution-free fuel. Nowadays, a lot of car companies develop so-called
green vehicles, which are not driven by internal-combustion engine, but by one or more
electric motors powered by independent energy source.
There are some benefits of electric car:
no harmful emissions;
maintenance simplicity;
simplicity of design and driving;
high reliability and operating life of vehicular part (20-25 years) in comparison with
ordinary cars;
low level of noise because of smaller number of movable parts and mechanical
transmissions;
motion smoothness and wide range of engine speed changes.
But, despite all the advantages, electric car has a lot of disadvantages. For example, the
batteries work well when car is driven only at constant speed and smooth acceleration, but
with sharp start traction batteries lose a lot of energy. Also, part of the batteries energy is
spent for car cooling or heating, and for the power of other onboard energy consumers. The
next major disadvantage is a low mileage on a single supply of energy. The 24 kW h
capacity lithium battery with medium driving conditions (60-90 km/h, dipped headlight (LED
headlight), without heating and air conditioning), make it possible to drive electric car about
160 km. On the basis of these disadvantages, electric vehicles cant be operated over long
distances. Therefore, many auto companies use hybrid electric type, i.e., use fuel cells, but
they arent environmentally friendly, as they release hazardous substances.
To increase the mileage is proposed to use wind turbine, as battery charger. Citroen Czero is used as a basis for the installation of wind turbines. The car drawing of is shown in
Figure 1.

Figure 1 Citroen C-zero drawing

It is proposed to install 4 wind turbines in the front of the car: 2 generator wind turbine
with a propeller diameter D = 0.340 m., and 2 generators with propeller diameter D = 0.260
m. The proposed modernization is presented in Figure 2.

Figure 2 - The proposed modification of the Citroen C-zero with wind turbine

Power of the wind generator is determined by the following formula [1]:

N = 0.000481 D 2 V 3 , ,

(1)

where D propeller diameter, m;

V car speed m/s;

coefficient of the utilization of wind energy. Magnitude of this coefficient lies

between 0.4 and 0.5.

Power of the generator with a propeller diameter D = 0.26 m:

N 1 = 0.000481 0.26 2 25 3 0.5 = 254Watt .

Power of the generator with a propeller diameter D = 0.34 m:

N 2 = 0.000481 0.34 2 25 3 0.5 = 434.5Watt .

The total power generated by wind turbines:

N = 2 ( N 1 + N 2 ),
N = 2 (254 + 434.5) = 1377Watt = 1.38kWatt
Calculations show that the use of these generators will give the driver more time
without recharging of the electric vehicle. When driving the car, the energy from the wind
turbines will be used to recharge the battery pack, which consists of 88 lithium-ion batteries,
60 A / h, located in the center of the car. The calculations show, that the operating
characteristic of this batteries will be in the charge-discharge mode with a constant
replenishment of energy in the battery. We believe this will allow longer driving without
recharging. This optional arrangement will also improve the comfort of the vehicle driver in
the cabin, because it will be possible to turn the air conditioner, heating and other energy
consuming systems that significantly accelerate battery discharge.

References:

1. Fateev E.M. Wind Turbines and Wind Installations. M.: House of Agricultural
Literature Publishing, 1957

Linguistic advisor: Shvalova G.V., senior teacher, TPU, Russia