Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ON
(Web Design and Development Joomla, WordPress and Drupal)
BY
Name (s) of the student (s)
J Surya Teja
Kotyada Chandra Vardhan
ID.NO.(s)
2014AAPS024H
2014B5A3740H
AT
Joomla
WordPress
Drupal
A REPORT
ON
(WEB DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT JOOMLA, WORDPRESS & DRUPAL)
BY
Names of the Students
J Surya Teja
Kotyada Chandra Vardhan
ID Numbers
2014AAPS024H
2014B5A3740H
Discipline
B.E(Hons.) ECE
M.Sc Physics B.E.(Hons.) EEE
Joomla
WordPress
Drupal
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank our institute BITS Pilani, Hyderabad for allowing us to explore and learn the
industry and the managerial world at an early stage. We heart fully thank the Centre for
Development of Imaging Technology, Trivandrum (C-DIT) for permitting us to pursue
our interest and research in their web services department. Our sincere thanks to Mr.
Rajesh, Web Developer, Web services department, C-DIT for providing us with necessary
prerequisites and insight into web designing. We thank our instructor Dr. Murari Raja Raja
Varma for his guidance, that made this work possible. We would not forget the efforts of
Mr. N Jayaraj, coordinator, who helped our communication with the authorities lay smooth
and Mr. G Jayaraj, registrar for his cooperation with our project. Lastly we thank Ms.
Manju and Mr. Raja Chandran Nair for providing us flats to stay and continue our work
here. Not to forget we thank Mr. Unni, the care taker at our place for his kind attitude
towards us.
Joomla
WordPress
Drupal
Name(s)
J Surya Teja
Kotyada Chandra Vardhan
Designation:
Web Developer, Web Services Department, C-DIT
Name of the PS
Faculty:
Key Words:
Project Areas:
Abstract:
The following text in the report discusses in brief with content management systems and
Joomla, one of the CMSs available. The literature further moves with deeper discussion
of WordPress and Drupal CMSs. The main report gives brief discussion on installation
and detailed description of the websites. The Appendix section affixed at the end provide
a detailed discussion on installation, error handling and links to supporting sites. The
motive behind creating our websites and the report is to provide a detail on parts of Drupal
and WordPress modules. We want the web developers to grow and the beginners not to
be taken back. This intention drives us to move deeper into the modules and improve our
website on tutorial.
Signature(s) of Student(s)
Signature of PS Faculty
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WordPress
Drupal
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................... 3
Abstract .................................................................................................................................. 4
CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................... 5
Centre for Development of Imaging Technology, Trivandrum ................................................. 7
Content Management System .................................................................................................... 7
JOOMLA ................................................................................................................................... 7
WORDPRESS ............................................................................................................................ 8
Creation of Website using WordPress ................................................................................... 8
Creating Pages and Posts ....................................................................................................... 8
Adding Image Slider .............................................................................................................. 9
Install Themes ........................................................................................................................ 9
Installing WordPress Plugins ................................................................................................. 9
Installing Menus and Widgets.............................................................................................. 10
User ...................................................................................................................................... 10
Editor .................................................................................................................................... 11
Creating a Contact Form ...................................................................................................... 11
Multilingual Pages ............................................................................................................... 11
Automatic machine translator: ......................................................................................... 11
Semi-Automatic Translator: ............................................................................................. 11
Human Translator: ........................................................................................................... 11
WordPress Multisite:........................................................................................................ 11
DRUPAL AND XAMPP ......................................................................................................... 12
THE DRUPAL HOME PAGE ................................................................................................. 12
Content ................................................................................................................................. 12
Creating Content Types and Content: .............................................................................. 13
Publishing Content: .......................................................................................................... 13
Structure ............................................................................................................................... 13
Blocks: ............................................................................................................................. 13
Menus: .............................................................................................................................. 14
Appearance........................................................................................................................... 14
Theming in Drupal: .......................................................................................................... 15
Modules ................................................................................................................................ 15
Configuration ....................................................................................................................... 15
Web Design and Development
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WordPress
Drupal
System: ............................................................................................................................. 15
Content Authoring: .......................................................................................................... 16
Regional and Language:................................................................................................... 16
Multilingual Pages ............................................................................................................... 16
Translating the Content: ................................................................................................... 16
Language switcher: .......................................................................................................... 17
CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 17
APPENDIX .............................................................................................................................. 18
REFERENCES......................................................................................................................... 29
GLOSSARY............................................................................................................................. 29
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Drupal
JOOMLA
Joomla works on PHP based platform. Joomla is built on a model-view-controller web
application framework that can be used independently of the CMS. Many websites have
requirements that go beyond what is available in the basic Joomla package. In those cases,
Joomlas powerful application framework makes it easy for the developers to create
sophisticated add-ons that extend the power of Joomla into virtually unlimited directions. The
core Joomla framework enables to quickly and easily build:
Application Bridges
Communication Tools
Complex business directories
Custom product catalogues
Data reporting tools
Integrated e-commerce systems
Inventory control systems
Reservation systems
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Joomla
WordPress
Drupal
Our study started with the understanding the Joomla framework and designing of websites on
both the World Wide Web and on our local servers. The links to our hosted websites are
provided under the Appendix. With a brief idea of Joomla our study intensified into WordPress
and Drupal. The remaining sections deals in detail with WordPress followed by Drupal starting
covering all the aspects of installation, setting up and creating a working website.
WORDPRESS
WordPress is one of the best CMSs available for the development of web sites. According to
various surveys, WordPress ranks in the top three positions. WordPress is a free and opensource content management system which is based on PHP and MySQL. It is installed on a
Web Server, which can be a online hosted or locally hosted in your system. It includes hundreds
of add-ons and strong community support to help create a fully functional website. WordPress
has an easy-to-use interface and intuitive tools with enough flexibility to be creative. It
provides with all the necessary Plugins essential for the development of an awesome website.
The WordPress backend site (where the administrator do all the modifications in the website)
is flexible and can be easily explored with a little knowledge in the basics in basics of web
design. [2]
WordPress lack site wizards which help in complex tasks by asking the user a series of easyto-answer questions. It also lacks in few tools like search engines and data reports.
Creation of Website using WordPress
After done with the installation process WordPress Admin site can be opened with the
credentials generated during the installation process. The site consists of all the tools necessary
for the development of a basic business website. The site consists of options called Dashboard,
Themes, Widgets, Menus, Editor, Plugins, Appearance etc. all the topics that are discussed
further will be explained in detail and how to use those tools to create a website. Little changes
had been made to the code of the website which will be available in the Editor section to make
some animations in the website.
Creating Pages and Posts
WordPress provides with an options called Pages and Posts under Dashboard. Opening them
gives an option to set the title of the content and prompts to enter all the information and images
that will be visible on the website in the block. After entering all the information that is to be
visible in the website and the title of the page or post click on Publish button on the left side of
the page will make all the page visible on the website.
Adding media to the page a few steps need to be followed. Above content block there is an
option named Add Media which allows to add images to the page from the Media Library or
from a location on the system.
To add videos in the pages/posts from YouTube the following steps need to be followed.
1. Open the video in the you tube that to be included in the Website.
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2. Under the video Share option is available. On clicking it provides more options in which
there is an option called Embed.
3. Copy the code under it and past it in the Text block in the Page or post screen and update
the page.
4. Open the website and reload it and open the page that holds the video. The video will be
visible along with the information and images.
Another method of adding videos in the Pages is by installing plugins that are available in the
Plugins Page that need to be installed and activated before using it.
FV Player is one of the good plugin available in WordPress which is useful in adding videos
in the website.
Adding Image Slider
One way to add image slider to the website is by installing slider plugin. One of the plugins
available in the WordPress in Easing Slider which has been used for creating our website.
The Easing Slider can be installed from plugin page in the admin site.
After installing and activating the plugin an option named Slider will be displayed under
Dashboard. Clicking on it directs to a page where an option named Add Slides is available
and images can be added from the media library or can be uploaded from a different location.
The slider will not work until the short code which is available in the Slider page is pasted in
the header code which can be opened by clicking on the Editor and on the right side there
will be plenty of PHP codes for each part of the template. The Header.php file is to be selected
and the code snippet from there is used as the following. The Slider page under <div function
and change the ID in the code to your page ID and click update.
Now there is a beautiful slider can be seen in the website. The effects of the slider can also be
change from fade to slide and can also set the time of the effects from the Slider Page.
Install Themes
WordPress provides a large collection of themes, some are ready to install themes and need to
be downloaded from the WordPress website. To install themes, navigate to themes under
Appearance and select a theme based on the following options Featured, Popular, Latest,
Favorites. Favorites option allows to select a specific theme with specific color, layout,
subject and features and will show themes that satisfy the search specifications.
After selecting the Theme which for the website that is going to be created click on Customize
button which adds the theme to the website. The theme provides a basic layout which need to
be customized as per the requirements of the administrator.
Installing WordPress Plugins
Plugins allow the admin to add more features to the website that are not provides by default. It
provides tools to protect the browser from spam, add features like translators etc.
Installing Plugins gives admin the access to make modifications in the code of the plugin for
the better functioning of the website and sometimes it is essential to add some code to the
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templates that is provided by the plugin after installing to activate the plugin and make it
functional.
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Editor
The WordPress admin provides an option Editor in which all the PHP code of the templates
and CSS code are visible which gives styles to the website and provides the privileges for the
admin to customize the code and make necessary adjustments to make his website more
appealing.
Creating a Contact Form
An easy way to create a Contact form is by installing and activating Contact Form 7 plugin
from Plugins page.
After activating the plugin, the admin site displays an option called Contact under Dashboard.
Click on Contact form under Contact and click on Contact form 1 which directs to a page
where there is a small code that needs to be pasted in the Text box of the Contact page and
then click on publish. The contact form appears in the Contact Us page of the website.
Multilingual Pages
It is possible to make the website multilingual with many plugins available in WordPress
Plugin site.
There are three types of translators available in WordPress: [3]
Automatic machine translator:
This plugin translates the whole content including pages and posts with the help of
Google translator. Sometimes the sentences that are translated by google translator
render no meaning. This option is not much reliable. Google Language Translator is a
Plugin available in WordPress which uses Google Translator to translate the content in
website.
Semi-Automatic Translator:
Another translator which performs both, the automatic translation and also provides the
admin to translate the content manually where the sentences or words make no
meaning. In WordPress there is a plugin, Transposh which comes under the present
category.
Human Translator:
This translator required the user to translate the whole content manually.
WordPress Multisite:
WordPress allows to create multiple site which share the same WordPress installation.
They can share themes and plugins. The individual sites are virtual sites, that they do
not have their own directories on the admin server.
This will allow the administer to create one website per language.
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publishing/un-publishing, deleting and many more. It is also possible to edit or delete your
articles from here.
Creating Content Types and Content:
Though the Content type is a part of Structure tab, it is essential to be discussed here, under the
Content section for better understanding. The user may find a dark colored button at the topleft corner of the administer panel with the text add content on it. This button is used to create
content. There exist two types of content by default. The Article and The Basic Page. Content
types that the user creates also appear under this section.
To begin creating content the user may select from the default content types or start creating
content type or edit the existing content types according to the requirements. To add a content
type, navigate to the structure menu and open content types. Click on add content type and add
the required fields and save the configuration. After coming back to adding content the created
content type appears along with the default types. Any of the content type can be selected
according to the use of the user and after finishing it is necessary to save the content.
Publishing Content:
After the content is created and saved it appears on the front page of the website by default. If
observed the content appears to be aligned to the left, with different lines of different length.
To correct this and make the length of each line equal, open the content and enclose each
paragraph in the line of code mentioned in the Appendix.
Under the body, the default text editor appears and is set to Filtered HTML. For the content to
be properly aligned after adding the code snips it is required to change the editor to Full HTML
and save the content. All the contents appear on the front page by default. This is undesired
most of the time and is recommended to edit the publishing aspect of the content. At the end
of the content created, just above the save button, there is a provision to add a menu link for
the content and under the publishing settings the box beside promote to front page should be
unchecked and then the content should be saved. This prevents the content from being
projected to the front page and the website appears organized with all the content at their
respective places.
Structure
The Structure tab holds the following Blocks, Content Types, Menus and Taxonomy. The
Structure section holds the backbone of the website, by arranging the necessary modules for
the website.
Blocks:
This page provides a drag-and-drop interface for assigning a block to a region, and for
controlling the order of blocks within regions. Since not all themes implement the same
regions, or display regions in the same way, blocks are positioned on a per-theme basis. Any
changes made will not be saved until the Save blocks button at the bottom of the page is
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clicked. Click the configure link next to each block to configure its specific title and visibility
settings.
The Blocks page comes handy to organize the position of different available modules at
different positions of the website. It is also allowed to disable or enable any of the modules
according to the requirement. Once can also edit and re-configure the blocks as for the need
and can also add new blocks.
Menus:
The Menu button is to create different menus for easy navigation through the site. By default,
Main menu, Management, Navigation and user menus are listed.
The Main menu section contains the menu bar that is found in almost all the websites. It
consists of links to home, about us, contacts and similar links. New links can be added and
existing ones can be edited accordingly. The Main menu section holds the user defined
navigation panel providing links to different parts of the website. This is the only menu which
is visible to a third person by default who visits the site for their purpose
The Management section consists of what we see at the top of the website holding the bar that
consists of home icon, Dashboard, Content, Structure and so on. This is created by default and
is helpful for the management of the website.
The Navigation menu appears on the right side of the web page holding sections to add content
and the feed aggregator which will be discussed later.
The User menu contains links related to the user account and the logout link. This is usually
found on the top-right corner of the Drupal administrator site. This consists of the links to the
account of the administrator usually hidden from the users visiting the site.
It is allowed to create menus as per the requirement and can be positioned at different places
on the webpage according to the Theme. New menus can be added by clicking on the add
menu button and links under the menu, can be termed as sub categories can be added by
clicking on the add link button. The links can be arranged easily with the drag and drop facility
provided in the Drupal module
Appearance
In the appearance section you can edit the current theme or enable/disable themes and make
them default.
It is also possible to install new themes directly from a web location or by uploading a .zip file.
By default, Bartik theme will be the default theme when the Drupal module is installed. Further
the themes can be edited according to the requirements within the constraints of the theme.
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The website looks plain with all the default data and template. We shall start by adding new
themes. You can find some good free themes for Drupal in the mentioned link in the Appendix.
The downloaded themes are to be downloaded and enabled, set to default to become a part of
the website. Errors might occur during the installation of themes and are discussed in the
Appendix.
Theming in Drupal:
It is possible to edit the installed theme by making changes to the code to suit the users
requirements. Themes can also be created from scratch by writing the code and creating the
directories. The discussion on modification and creation of themes is presented under the
Appendix section.
Modules
The modules tab allows to extend and customize Drupal functionality with contributed
modules. You can find number of modules in the Drupal documentation and also from other
third party sites. They improve the performance and functionality of the and increase the appeal
of the website. It is very important to keep all the installed modules updated to prevent security
issues and phishing attacks. You can install any number of modules and position them
according to the installed theme and requirement. The installed modules can also be reconfigured to suit the need.
Configuration
The Configuration holds the sections of People, System, Content Authoring, User Interface,
Media, Development, Search and Metadata, Web Services, Regional and Language. The
discussion follows the same order.
System:
The System menu consist the sub categories of Site Information, Actions and Cron.
The Site Information contains the details of the site such as the site name, slogan, number of
articles etc.,
The Actions tab is used to manage the actions defined for the website. There are two types of
actions: simple and advanced. Simple actions do not require any additional configuration, and
are listed here automatically. Advanced actions need to be created and configured before they
can be used, because they have options that need to be specified; for example, sending an email to a specified address, or un-publishing content containing certain text. To create an
advanced action, select the action from the drop-down list in the advanced action section below
and click the Create button.
The Cron tab manages automatic site maintenance tasks.
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Content Authoring:
The Content Authoring configures how content input by users is filtered, including allowed
HTML tags. Also allows enabling of module-provided filters. When a content is created, the
text box can accommodate three type of input types by default, allowing one to choose. They
are Filtered HTML, Full HTML and Plain Text. These text formats can be edited accordingly
and also new text formats can be created under this section.
.
Regional and Language:
Under this the following exist.
The Regional settings are the settings for the site's default time zone and country.
The Date and Time configures display formats for date and time.
Though there exist only the above mentioned parts under this section this turns out to be very
important and useful when translation is required to create multilingual webpages and is
discussed in the adjacent section.
Multilingual Pages
Multilingual websites provide more flexibility for the visitors to access the information on the
site in their preferred language and is also handy to the administrators to understand
descriptions of some modules in the website. By default, a Drupal website is created in English.
Drupal website can be made multilingual with the help of a few modules mentioned under
Appendix section.
After installing and enabling the required modules it is possible to begin translating all the
content on the website into different languages. The task is to add translations to every content
of the website including the menu links, the site details etc.,
Any content now opened shows a new, third button in addition to the existing view and edit
button namely, the translate button. Clicking on the translate button leads to a page where
translations can be added to all the enabled languages for the website. After all the translations
are added and when the website is ready to be published the provision for the visitors to view
in different languages has to be provided. To enable this facility, the language switcher block
has to be give some position on the webpage. This is found under the blocks section in
structure. When a position is given to the language switcher block it appears on the respective
part of the website and the visitor is at a choice to view the site in preferred language.
Translating the Content:
For the pages to become multilingual enabling the modules is not enough and translations for
each content need to be added. To translate a content, find the content and click on the translate
button. This directs to a page where the provision to add translation appears. Each enabled
language needs to be provided with a translation to be visible when the language is selected by
a visitor. A page similar to add content appears upon clicking on the add translation button
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beside the language. The translated version can be typed in using the indic_script module or
the google input tools application as described under the Appendix.
Language switcher:
After adding all the translations, it is necessary to position the language switcher block at a
position on the webpage, without which the translations added would render useless leaving
the visitor no option to change the language. To add the language switcher to the webpage,
navigate to blocks under Structure and add a position to the Language switcher block. Upon
saving the configuration the switcher block appears in the webpage and enables to switch
between languages available for the website.
CONCLUSION
It is possible to dig into the backbone of the website, which is the code, according to which it
behaves. There exist different types of files including .config, .php, .html, .css, .js and many
more. There codes can be opened in text editor and modifications are allowed, providing more
insight into understanding of the code running at the backend of the website.
The discussions included on Joomla, WordPress and Drupal as they are the most widely used
content management systems across the globe.
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APPENDIX
WebMatrix Installation:
The
Microsoft
WebMatrix
is
found
at
the
following
link
CMS, everything incorporated into it. Before installing any CMS MySQL needs to be installed
on the system and the WebMatrix prompts the same. The password for the database need to be
remembered as it will be required many times in the future. The default user name is root and
cannot be changed. After MySQL is installed, WebMatrix prompts to continue with the
installation of selected CMS.
WordPress Installation:
The WordPress module is available incorporated into the WebMatrix, can be downloaded and
installed. The details that the WebMatrix pops out after finishing the installation of WordPress
need to be stored carefully as they are required further during the local installation of
WordPress. The WebMatrix then redirects the browser to the installation wizard and after
accomplished successfully, the WordPress website is ready to be modified according to the
requirements.
XAMPP Installation:
XAMPP can be found at the following link. https://www.apachefriends.org/download.html
After downloading, run the setup as administrator and proceed with the installation as directed
by the panel. It is a good choice to install the XAMPP server on drive other than where the
operating system is installed, to avoid some errors that might occur post installation.
After the XAMPP server installation is finished run the control panel and if there are no red
lines, describing errors in the log, it is clear that the installation was successful. Now start the
Apache and MySQL by clicking start beside them. If they start without any errors, they appear
in green with the status running. If they are unable to start and the log shows some errors, they
show up in red. The errors are discussed later in this section. Open the browser and type
localhost in the search box. If the XAMPP page opens, then the installation finished
successfully and Drupal or any other CMS is ready to be installed on the server.
Drupal Installation:
Any website holds data in it. All the data and information of the website is stored as a database
on the server. It is necessary to create a database for the Drupal module. In the browser open
the following page. http://localhost/phpmyadmin which opens the administration of XAMPP
server. Under the database section create a database and name it as Drupal. The database is
created and is listed on the left side of the page.
Download the Drupal module from the Drupal Project Page https://www.drupal.org/project/drupal
. Create a folder with the name Drupal in htdocs folder in the XAMPP folder and extract the
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Drupal files into it. In the browser open the following page. http://localhost/drupal . The
installation page of Drupal opens and follow the instructions as directed by the installation
wizard. For more detail on Drpal installation refer to the following page.
http://drupalkar.com/en/tutorials/install-drupal-7-locally-xampp After the installation is finished the
browser directs to the newly created website. The website can be accessed anytime with the
Apache and MySQL turned on in the XAMPP control panel by navigating to the following
page. http://localhost/drupal .
Modifying an existing theme:
Most of the themes with the slideshow module allows only three images to be uploaded to be
shown on the slides. But if required it is possible to add more pictures to the slider by adding a
few lines of code depending on the theme.
In the XAMPP folder navigate to the following location. XAMPP htdocs drupal sites
all themes your installed theme theme-settings.php
The .php file is to be opened in a text editor and scrolled down until something similar to the
below code appears.
$form['creative_settings']['slideshow']['slide3'] = array(
'#type' => 'fieldset',
'#title' => t('Slide 3'),
);
$form['creative_settings']['slideshow']['slide3']['slide3_desc'] = array(
'#type' => 'textarea',
'#title' => t('Slide Description'),
'#default_value' => theme_get_setting('slide3_desc','creative'),
);
The number of form divisions may differ with theme. The forms for each slide in the slider can
be distinguished by the value in them. In the above code snippet, the value is 3. Copy all the
forms of a single value and paste under the third slide snippet. Change the value to 4. If more
slides are required repeat the process by increasing the value in the form. After adding slides
is finished save and close the file. In the same folder, open the templates folder and open the
page.tpl.php file in a text editor. Scroll down until the following code snippet appears.
$slide1_desc = check_markup(theme_get_setting('slide1_desc', 'creative'), 'full_html');
$slide2_desc = check_markup(theme_get_setting('slide2_desc', 'creative'), 'full_html');
$slide3_desc = check_markup(theme_get_setting('slide3_desc', 'creative'), 'full_html');
Add a similar line under the third line with the value changed to 4. The number of lines added
depends on the number of images required. Scroll down further to find something similar to
the below snippet.
<div class="slides displaynone">
<div class="featured">
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human readable name as the value. In Drupal 7 the following regions are assumed by
default.
regions[header] = Header
regions[highlighted] = Highlighted
regions[help] = Help
regions[content] = Content
regions[sidebar_first] = Left sidebar
regions[sidebar_second] = Right sidebar
regions[footer] = Footer
regions[page_top] = Page Top
regions[page_bottom] = Page Bottom
Custom regions can also be added, by simply adding the same code and replacing the
value to the left of equal to symbol and that in the brackets to the name of the region
one wish to add.
Features:
Using of features we will be able to enable or disable the display of certain page
elements. The features keys control are displayed on the themes configuration page
as check boxes. In Drupal 7 the following features are added by default.
features[] = logo
features[] = name
features[] = slogan
features[] = node_user_picture
features[] = comment_user_picture
features[] = comment_user_verification
features[] = favicon
features[] = main_menu
features[] = secondary_menu
Custom features can be added the same way as mentioned for the regions.
Theme settings:
You can use theme settings to set the features by default checked or unchecked in your
theme.
After a few more steps of including stylesheets and scripts our custom themes .info file
will look as shown below
Theme-name = Your theme name
description = This theme is developed as a part of learning
to design a theme version = 1.0 core = 7.x
engine = phptemplate
; Regions
regions[header] = Header
regions[highlighted] = Highlighted
regions[help] = Help
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regions[content] = Content
regions[sidebar_first] = Left sidebar
regions[sidebar_second] = Right sidebar
regions[footer] = Footer
regions[page_top] = Page Top
regions[page_bottom] = Page Bottom
; Features
features[] = logo
features[] = name
features[] = slogan
features[] = node_user_picture
features[] = comment_user_picture
features[] = comment_user_verification
features[] = favicon
features[] = main_menu
features[] = secondary_menu
; Settings
settings[slider_display]
=
1
settings[slider_image_one] = sites/all/themes/your theme folder name/images/sliderimage.png settings[slider_image_two] = sites/all/themes/your theme folder
name/images/slider-image.png settings[slider_image_three] = sites/all/themes/your
theme folder name/slider-image.png settings[contact_phone] = 8888888888
settings[contact_email] = name@example.com
;Stylesheets
Stylesheets[all][] = css/style.css
Stylesheets[all][] = css/bootstratp.min.css
;Scripts
scripts[] = js/jquery.js
scripts[] = js/bootstrap.min.js
Template files (.tpl.php):
These template files are used for the HTML markup. Some of the common template files
are Html.tpl.php
Page.tpl.php
Region.tpl.php
Block.tpl.php
Node.tpl.php
Comment-wrapper.tpl.php
Comment.tpl.php
Create template directory into the theme folder and insert all the files into this directory, A
typical html.tpl.php file will look as shown below.
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
<head>
<?php print $head; ?>
<title><?php print $head_title; ?></title>
<?php print $styles; ?>
<?php print $scripts; ?>
</head>
<body class="<?php print $classes; ?>" <?php print $attributes;?>>
<?php print $page_top; ?>
<?php print $page; ?>
<?php print $page_bottom; ?>
</body>
</html>
template.php File:
Conditional logic, data processing of the output, custom functions, overriding theme functions
or any other customization of the raw output should be done here.
If you want to create custom settings section, you should need to alter the theme-specific
settings form. Create theme-settings.php file into your theme directory and alter theme-specific
settings form into the hook_form_system_theme_settings_alter() function. Drupal custom
themes settings page would be as shown in the next page.
<?php
/**
Extra Theme settings
*/
function yourtheme_form_system_theme_settings_alter(&$form, &$form_state) {
$form['yourtheme_settings'] = array(
'#type' => 'fieldset',
'#title' => t('Yourtheme Theme Settings'),
'#collapsible' => False,
'#collapsed' => False,
);
$form['yourtheme_settings']['contact_info'] = array(
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The text needs to be aligned properly for the website to appear decent. To align the website
content include the individual paragraphs in the content between the following code snippet.
<p align=justify> Your paragraph goes here. </p>
For example the content will look aligned well if the paragraphs in the body of the content are
similar to the below.
<p align=justify>
This is my paragraph. This appears very decent on the website than the default one. This way
it appears good for the visitors to go through the content of the site.
</p>
This report deals with Drupal 7 and more versions of Drupal are available on the project page.
Free themes for Drupal 7 can be found at the following address. https://www.devsaran.com/freedrupal-theme . Themes for Drupal 8 can be found here. https://www.weebpal.com/free-drupalthemes .
Bitnami Modules:
Modules for XAMPP from Bitnami are found at the following web location.
https://bitnami.com/stack/xampp
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There may be an instance of MySQL running by another application. This happens when both
XAMPP is installed on a system where WebMatrix is already installed. This is because
WebMatrix uses MySQL service to handle the database and XAMPP also tries to use the same
port.
Apache can be re-configured by making it listen to port other than 80. For information there
are a total of 65536 ports available. To make Apache listen to another port open the httpd.conf
file under Config drop menu beside Apache on the control panel. Scroll down to find the
following lines and change the value 80 to 7777.
Listen 80
Now start the Apache server and it will work without any errors.
To resolve the MySQL issue the process is similar. Open the .ini file under config beside
MySQL and scroll to find the below code snippet and change the value of 3306 to 3307.
port
socket
= 3306
= "F:/xampp/mysql/mysql.sock"
This method may or may not work. The reliability of this method depends on the type of
program that is blocking the port 3306.
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This is easier to solve. Open Details under Task Manager and scroll down to find two instances
of Apache.httpd running. End both the processes and restart the Apache server. The server
starts without any errors.
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option to change the keyboard while typing the content into areas where text can be inserted.
The indic_script module is located under Content Authoring section in Configuration and the
required keyboards are to be enabled by checking the box beside the keyboards. It is important
to save the configuration before moving anywhere.
A box appears at the bottom-left of the page when the type cursor is activated anywhere on the
webpage. This allows the user to type in any language that are enabled earlier. Alternatively
typing in different languages is also made possible with the google input tools application. This
application is available on android platform, can be installed as an extension to the Chrome
browser and also available to be installed on Windows systems. After installed it appears on
the Windows taskbar lying at the bottom of the desktop, under the language section, beside
time and date.
Translating the content on the website involves configuring the settings for different parts of
the website and adding translations to every part of the website. Under the Regional and
Language section in Configuration menu the Languages option allows to add as many
languages as required. Beside the Languages section there appears the detection and selection
settings as shown in the picture 1 at the end of the report. This section allows the user to choose
the method to change the language of the website. Check the URL box and drag it as the first
in order.
Under Languages in Regional and Language section, the translation interface helps to enable
and add translations to the messages that are required to interact with both the user and visitor.
This section enables translation for messages such as Page Not Found, warning messages
etc., shown as picture 2 at the end of the report.
Under the multilingual settings in Regional and Language, upon navigating to the variables
menu required variables can be translated accordingly. Under the strings section all the three
text formats should be selected for ease during content creation. It is very important not to
forget to click the Save Configuration button after every step to keep the changes made
intact.
Picture 1:
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Picture 2:
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
GLOSSARY
1) Content Management Systems: Can also be referred as Content Management Framework
and is used for creation and modification of digital content.
2) Web Servers: A Web Server is a program that uses HTTP to serve the files that form the web
pages to users, according to their requests.
3) chmod: It is a command or an operation that is used to change the permission of files and
directories. The permission divides into read, write and execute in terms of 1s and 0s where
000 means nothing can be done with the file and 777 means everything can be done with the
file. Further, the permissions can be differently assigned for administrator, user groups and
others.