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G7

S WAH I L I -E N G L I S H
DICTIONARY"
A. C. MAD AN, M. A.
STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD

OXFORD

AT T H E C LA R E N D O N P RE S S

93 HENRY FROWDE, M.A.

PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD

Dept, of

Anthropology
tkhjWdr
THIS Dictionary is an attempt to bring together in a convenient
form materials for the study of the language most widely known
throughout East and Central Africa, and to combine them in the
light of a long, though in various ways limited, experience.
,

It would be more accurately described as an annotated

vocabulary of the dialect of Swahili commonly spoken in Zanzibar
city. It cannot lay claim to the formal completeness, especially in
the treatment of verbs, which attaches to the idea of a dictionary,
and it deals with a dialect which in respect of a large number of
words is distinguished by the Swahilis themselves from the Swahili
dialect of the coast. It is based on the lists of words, singularly
accurate and relatively complete in themselves, furnished by
Bishop Steercs Handbook of Swahili and scattered throughout his
collections and translations, and on Krapfs Dictionary of Swahili
works issued more than twenty years ago. Later sources have also
been drawn upon, especially Pfcre Saclcux's Dictionnaire frangaisswahilit 1891, and the ever-increasing volume of Swahili literature

(chiefly documents, letters, stories and poetry) due to the industry

and scientific enthusiasm of German colonists and scholars. No
work, however, at present exists (1903) which attempts the same
object as the present. It was beyond the scope of Bishop Steere's
plan to supply more than full lists of useful words. As to Krapfs
monumental work, it may be enough to express a hope that it will
never be rc-cditcd. It remains indispensable to every student of
Swahili, and has the

PREFACE

a 2permanent value and charm of genuine philological pioneer work

by an .honest and able researcher. It deals almost entirely with the
dialect ofSwahili used at Mombasa, and revision might make it more
practically useful by the removal of inaccuracies and repetitions, and
by modifying? the spelling and arrangement, but such treatment
would be analogous to re-writing Schliemanns Troy or Livingstones
Journals. The many firsthand explanations and examples are too
precious, however, to be left unused, and it is especially on these that
the present Editor has ventured freely to draw.
As to the use made of these and other materials, this Dictionary
makes no claim to be encyclopaedic, or to include more than the
commoner technical terms of arts, crafts and commerce, or to
represent fully the flora or fauna of Zanzibar. Like other dictionaries,
it presupposes an elementary acquaintance with the grammar of the
dialect dealt with, in this case a very simple one. But (apart from
imperfections due to ignorance or oversight) it will probably be found
to provide sufficiently for the ordinary wants of officials,
missionaries, travellers, teachers and translators, especially when
used in connexion with the English-Swahili Dictionary (also
published by the Oxford University Press, second edition, 1901) by
the same Editor.
Reasons for attempting to provide a Dictionary of this kind may
be briefly stated. The common language of Zanzibar has hitherto
been the best known and most widely useful form of Swahili. And
Swahili is still by far the most important member of the Bantu family
of language, i. e. of the solid block of dialects, closely related among
themselves and clearly differentiated from all others, which are
spoken throughout about a third of the African continent, i. e. over
nearly the whole of it from Nigeria and the Soudan on the north to the
Hottentot region on the extreme south. Hence Swahili has been
ranked not unreasonably among the twelve most important
languages of the modem world, and the position of Zanzibar as till

PREFACE

lately the undisputed commercial capital and chief political power

of Eastern and Central Africa has determined the form of Swahili
still most useful as the key to that entire region. It is not necessary
to enlarge on its characteristics, but one special feature of it may be
more fully referred to here.
The term Swahili represents, ethnologically as well as linguistically, the mixture of African and Arab elements on the East
Coast of Africa. The proportions of the mixture in the race and the
language vary indefinably, but its main character > istic is constant,
viz. that the language remains always African, and by African in
this connexion is meant Batiiuin all its leading grammatical and
phonetic features, however largely Arabic, and in a small degree other
foreign elements figure in its vocabulary. How largely they figure
appears in this book. The Editor is not well acquainted with Arabic,
Hindustani, or indeed other dialects of Bantu, but he has made an
attempt to discriminate between the Bantu and foreign element
throughout. All words believed to be of non-Bantu origin are marked
with an asterisk (*). Such words are mostly Arabic, or introduced
through Arabic channels, and an Arabic scholar could no doubt add
considerably to the number. As it is, a glance will show the numerical
importance of the foreign element. A close study is needed to realize
its full significance, to detect it (often strangely disguised) in all
stages of phonetic and even grammatical assimilation, and to
recognize its subtle power of permeation, even to the absolute
displacement of some of the commonest Bantu words, and almost a
monopoly of the connectives of words and sentences except in the
simplest relations, and to unfold its historical significance as a record
of successive invasions of Arab influence, warlike and peaceful, to
which the East coast has been for centuries subjected. Here two or
three results may be noted briefly. The Arabic element is so large
and ]>cnc- trating as seriously to diminish the value of the Swahili
dialect
for. the purposes of comparison with other dialects of Bantu,

10

PREFACE

simply from the displacement of Bantu roots elsewhere general.

On the other hand, the very opportunity and power of assimilation
is and has proved to be a most valuable one. It enables the African
to draw on the rich resources of the Arabic vocabulary for the
expression or better expression of new ideas, while providing an
easy, and as it were, natural channel for the ger- minant seeds of
culture, taste, and enlightenment of all kinds, wherever Swahili
penetrates throughout the continent. There is a third consideration
of practical importance. Bantu, and especially Swahili, is easy to
pronounce and even to represent in writing with the ordinary
alphabet, and the tendency of Swahili is to make Arabic also easy
to pronounce and even (in a degree) to spell.
As to the always difficult subject of spelling and transcription
of a language only lately reduced to writing, the present Editor is
content to adopt generally the remarks made by Bishop Steere (in
his Handbook, at the end of the Introduction and in the chapter on
the alphabet), corroborated as they are in principle by Professor
Max Muller in his little-known Introduction to the Outline
Dictionary for Students of Language by John Bellows (now long
out of print). He would also avow his own tendency to Bantize
rather than Arabize, i. e. to simplify rather than refine upon Arabic
sounds uncongenial to the African, so far as their representation in
writing is concerned. There seems no ground for deliberately
contributing to their perpetuation. The principle just referred to is,
that it is a practical necessity in the transcription of languages to
indicate sounds, not depict them, and that for this purpose the
ordinary English alphabet should be used with as few
modifications as possible. Happily in Swahili there are no sounds
commonly heard which are not sufficiently indicated by Roman
characters. The only real difficulty is one inherent in all phonetic
transliteration, viz. actual or supposed differences in the
pronunciation of the
same word, whether locally or by .individuals, and consequent

PREFACE

11

impossibility of a spelling both accurate and uniform. Such

differences are partly natural and universal, few individuals
pronouncing the same word in exactly the same way. In Swahili
they are aggravated by the disturbing effect of Arabic, leading to
strange but common transpositions of vowels and inversions of
consonants in the effort of the African to imitate or assimilate its
difficult characteristic sounds, and also by varying dialectic
tendencies among the Africans themselves. English achieves
uniformity of spelling by resigning all pretence to phonetic
accuracy. In Swahili phonetic exactness at present would make
uniform spelling impossible. Hence in this Dictionary, words will
be found given in various forms, representing the word as heard
by different and differently qualified transcribers. The
consequence may be sometimes baffling, but seems unavoidable.
Only students need attend to the brief notes appended in
brackets to many of the articles. They are mainly meant to supply
hints for further study, by bringing together under each word,
others which seem to throw light upon it as to origin or meaning
especially cognate words from the same root, words worth noting
from similarity of form, synonyms in the wide sense of similar in
general or in a special meaning, also words illustrative by contrast
and opposed meaning. There are but few notes on life and
customs, &c., in Zanzibar. The fact appears to be that under the
outward forms of a purely Mohammedan regime, only modified
on the surface as yet by European civilization, and slightly
disturbed in its depths by the leaven of Christianity, there exists a
medley of tribal customs and superstitions, as varied and varying
as the population itself, which do not admit of disentanglement on
the spot, and could only be profitably studied in the places from
which they arc derived.
For Arabic words Steingass Dictionary has been chiefly

12

PREFACE

relied on, and Palmers and Tiens Grammars. As to the manifold

imperfections of this book, competent critics may be trusted to
recognize and perhaps to allow for them. Every one who has
experience of Zanzibar will find words which seem wrongly inserted
or omitted. The prefaces of Johnson and Murray catalogue the
difficulties which beset more or less the making of even a small
dictionary of any language. The lexicographer . is no doubt rightly
defined as a drudge, but perhaps doubtfully as 4 a harmless drudge/
The present Editor knows the Swahili of Zanzibar well enough to
know that he does not know it well. But his work may (it is hoped)
help others to know it as well and better.
OXFORD, July, 1903.

A. C. MADAN.

INTRODUCTION
TO THE USE OF THIS DICTIONARY
To find words and ascertain their meanings in a dictionary too
limited in size to allow a full enumeration of either, attention is
needed to the following directions.
i. To find words.
All Swahili verbs, many nouns and adjectives, and some particles
vary at the beginning, and will not commonly be found under the

PREFACE

13

letter (sound) which comes first. As a rule, verbs and adjectives are to
be looked for under the first letter of the root, and nouns under the
form of the singular number. The variable formative elements, as
distinct from the radical, ^re called in this Dictionary prefixes (pfx.),
and for convenience prefix is often arbitrarily used to include infix,
and affix or suffix. Prefixes are usually agglutinative elements, but
some have a limited use as independent words. A glance at the
Tabular Conspectus of the noun and yerb which follows the
Introduction will be practically sufficient, with a knowledge of the
elements of the simple Swahili Grammar, to enable the root to be
distinguished. Thus:
(a ) A Noun beginning with w am i - t vi-t riy-, ma-, which are
common plural prefixes, may be looked for under the corresponding
singular form.
Obs. The declension of each noun (which colours grammatically
the whole of a Swahili sentence) is as a rule shown by
placing immediately after it the plural prefix in brackets. This
method sufficiently distinguishes declensions i to 5. Declension 6
does not change in the plural, and is shown by the absence of a
prefix following, or by (). Nouns of declension 8 should be
looked for under the letter following ku, i. e. the verb from which
they are in almost all cases formed. The declensions are
commonly referred to as D 1 (S), i.e. First Declension Singular
Number, D 1 (P), i.e. First Declension Plural Number, D 2 (S), D 2
(P), and so on.
(&) An adjective beginning with any one of the common
adjectival prefixes (see Conspectus II ( c )) may be looked for
under the letter (sound) following it. Variable adjectives are
written with a (-) before the root, e. g. -ema, and the more
important variations of forms corresponding to different declensions are appended to each.

( c) Conspectus I both illustrates the difficulty of finding the

14

PREFACE

root of a Swahili verb and also supplies a key. Combinations of

any of the six classes of prefix, which may precede a root, must be
recognized and removed, and then the letter following will be the
first letter of the root.
2. To ascertain meanings.
Nouns and verb-stems are so readily developed from a root in
Swahili, by a regular and almost mechanical process, i. e. by the
use of certain prefixes, that it is impossible to give more than a
selection -from them. Their meaning may, however, be gathered as
a rule from the known meaning of tH prefix, and the root when
recognized will usually be found independently or in some
cognate word. The rarer the combination, the more certain the
meaning to be simply the normal meanings of root and prefix
combined.
(a ) The commonest formative noun-prefixes are M- (Mw-), Ki(Ch-)} V- (W-\ at the beginning of a word, often with a variable but
significant ending, -0, -ji, or -zi. The characteristi

INTRODUCTION

15

cforce of each of these elements may be gathered from the notes on

them in their places in this Dictionary.
(b) The Swahili verb-root is capable of such a rich and varied
development in the form of additional verb-stems, each with its
complement of conjugations, moods, tenses, &c., that only a few
have been fully treated in this Dictionary, hardly any completely.
Shades of meaning are so numerous and their differences so delicate,
that appropriate renderings in English suited to each particular case
have to be left very largely to the students appreciation of each form
separately. Only examples and suggestions can be given within
reasonable limits of space. But the following considerations may
enable him better to infer for himself the meaning of verb-forms not
stated under the verb itself. And if he is still inclined to complain of
vagueness and inadequacy in their interpretation, it may be
remembered that language unwritten (like Swahili) is the speech of a
living person, and so carries its own simultaneous commentary of
look, gesture, and tone, as well as soundappealing thus to four
senses in sympathetic and intelligent relation to the speaker, and not
only to the eye interpreting a written character. The full meaning of
any written statement has at best often to be guessed, and a Swahili,
if he writes, writes as he speaks, assuming a hearer and not a reader.

Subject only to the limitations imposed by common sense (i. e. by the

meaning of the root itself) and common usage, all Swahili verbs may
exhibit, beside ( i ) a simple or primary form (Pr.), seven derived
forms, here called(2) Applied (Ap.), (3) Causal (Cs.), (4)
Reciprocal (Rp.), (5) Rcversive (Rv.), (6) Stative (St.), (7) Reflexive
(Rf.), and (8) Reduplicated (Rd.) each (under the above
limitations) with Active, Passive, and Neuter Voices, and Positive
and Negative Conjugations, and each of them with its complement of
Moods, Tenses, as well as derived .nouns and adjectives, beside an
indefinite numberxii INTRODUCTION
of other forms or stems formed by combinations of those just
enumerated.
The characteristics by which each main form may be recognized,
and the chief meanings of each, from which choice must be made,
are briefly as follows :
1. Primary (Pr.), in which the root is followed by a} the simplest
form of the verb and conveying its simplest meaning, but generally
capable of both transitive and intransitive construction. (Obs. verbs
of non-Bantu origin may end also in -u, and -i.)
(a) The Passive Voice in this (and in all the verb-formsfollowing)is distinguished by w before the final vowel, and (b) the Neuter
by k (ik, eh). The Neuter has three common uses, indicating (i) the
same as the passive, but with less definite reference to any agent or
instrument, (2) what is usual, (3) what is practicable, e. g. njia hii
yaendeka may mean (1) this road is as a fact passed over, (2) this
road is a regular thoroughfare, (3) this road is passable, open, safe.
Obs. meaning (3) is also regularly indicated by -kana, for haf e. g.
yaetidekana, i. e. a combination of the Neuter and Reciprocal forms
(see below, 4).
2. Applied (Ap.), in which i or e is inserted between the root and
final ay and choice has to be made among all the meanings usually
expressed in English by a preposition following a verb, e. g. from, to,
at, by, with, in, out of, for, against, about, &c. Only the sympathetic

interpretation referred to above can determine the choice rightly in

many cases. Obs. the Passive of the Ap. form is often used as the
Passive of the Pr. form.

INTRODUCTION

18

Causal (Cs.), in which z ( s k , s , and sometimes y ) is inserted

between the root and final a. The meaning conveyed is (1) Causal,
(2) Intensive or Emphatic. But the Causal sense includes at least six
varieties of causation, needing often delicate discrimination and
totally different translation, according as it is (i) simple, a causing to
do (or be), (2) compulsive, forcing to do, (3) permissive, allowing to
do, (4) suasive, inducing to do, (5) passive, not interfering with
doing, (6) consequential, resulting in (tending to) doing.
3. Reciprocal (Rp.), in which an is inserted before the final a.
Here again the form expresses several distinct aspects of common
action, e.g. (1) reciprocal, e.g. pigana, give and return blows'
action and reaction, (2) connected action, e. g. iokana na, * come out
of/ fualana na, follow/ (3) combined (mutual, joint) action, e.g. end
ana, all go together/ liana, cry together/ (4) interaction, of what
affects all parts or different parts of the same single object, e. g.
shikana, hold together, be compact (firm)/ kazana, be tight, be
pressed together/ (5) in connexion with the Neuter sign ha (see
above), ~kana indicates commonly what is practicable, possible,
probable, &c., e. g. one- hana, be visible, be within the range of
vision, come into sight/
4. Reflexive (Rf.), in which the syllable ji is prefixed to the root
itself. The many shades of meaning thus conveyed may be gathered
from the article on ji in the Dictionary.
5. Reduplicated (Rd.), in which a verb-stem is repeated twice and
used as a single stem to indicate emphasis, frequency, or
continuance, e.g.piga piga, beat soundly/ or * keep on beating/
6. Reversive (Rv.), in which u (sometimes 0) is inserted
between the root and final a, indicating the reverse of the simple Pr.
form, but also (when the general result is identical) sometimes the
same. Cf. pin da and pindua, ham a and harnua, zima and zimua. %

S/alive (St.), in which am is inserted before the final a, indicating

a relatively fixed state or permanent condition. It occurs also
combined with an, i. e. -aman, in verbs like shika- mana, andamana.
See under -mana in its place.Of the above forms, the four first (Pr.,
Ap., Cs., Rp.) are given under almost every verb, Rf. and Rd. only
occasionally, while Rv. and Rs. are treated as separate verbs in this
Dictionary. Combinations of them are to be found under a few verbs,
e. g. penda, piga, toa,funga, ona, &c. The brief enumerations just
given shows the difficulty of complete treatment of the Swahili verb,
and it must never be inferred that because a verb- form is not to be
found in this Dictionary it does not exist, and cannot be readily
employed.

I. CONSPECTUS OF (ZANZIBAR) SWAHILI VERB

Illustrating the usual relative order of the various Prefixes and Suffixes.

lift,

tn

Sing.

**3
s

si*
h ^ Jh ? o

1.

.S-S^S-S

2.
ha

fr'w - *

*^a

ni, n

a, w 3a,kt,
1. ku
1.

la, tw

2.

m, mw

J*. vi, y*,

7,

*35!

w.

li

'5

A.O

Pi

Sing.

Plur.

H-S

1. ni
2.

ku

V m, mw.

li, pa, ku

Piur.
1. tu, tw

(*)

i'

.3

0)e(l)i z, sh

PEND

(lave)

e8

{
*5

y
n, 0

(a)n

wa

.25

.3

3. wa.

1
f

2.

pa, ka
i, zi, vi,
ya,
pa,
ku

Pres.
Indef.

10
MOCK

vX)
A. a

Voice

21

4155

AFFIXES.

ROOT.

PREFIXES.

N.B. This Table is not

intended to exhibit all the
Swahili prefixes or affixes,
much less to be a guide to all
their possible combinations.
Tnus the Reflexive sign could
not, of course, appear in the
same word as the Passive, and
in the Subjunctive the
negative is -si- inserted
between the Subjective and
Objective Prefixes. Moreover,
as pointed out previously, the
Affixes may be repeated any
number of times and in any
combinations
which
the
meaning of the root allows, so
long as they preserve the
above order relatively to the
original root, or the new root
on which each combination is
based, e. g. pend-, pendes-,

pendekpendckes-y pen dan%

&c

ka

Pres. Def.
na

Fut.

Condit.
nga
ngah

Dt/trred
ja

Preter.
Pret. Neg.
li

Narral.

V|

ta (-ka)

Pres. Per/.
me

R *

ka

\f

ml

Ha

o, ye, yo. zo
cho, vyo,
lo, po, ko,
mo

22
u

II. CONSPECTUS OF
Illustrating the usual Prefixes which distinguish the various Declensions and
Numbers, and also the chief Verbal and Adjectival Prefixes and Pronoun;
Forms corresponding to each. There is no distinction of Gender in Swahili
Nouns.

DECLEN

1.

2.

NOUN
(a)
Sing, m
Plur. wa

ROOT.
0)

(eg-)}*

ADJECTIVAL PRONOUN.

(c)

m, mw
wa, w

VERBAL PREFIX.

huyu, yule
hawa, wao

(e)

i st. 2nd.

Sing. Subj. ni, u, a

Obj. ni, ku, m Plur.
Subj. tu, m, wa Obj. tu,
wema, good,
e.g. (a, b) mt
wa, wa ) ampenda, he
(a
0 huyu, this, loves him.
u, person, (c)
Sing, m
mt mw mi, huu, ule
hii, ile
Plur. mi
m
{eg.) ti
&\*< * y
{.thing)

3rd.

Siag S

e.g. (a,

3.

Sing, ki
Plur. vi

(tree)

mdogo, small , (d) huu,

(e) waota, it grows.

this,

{eg)}* ,

ki, ch vi, hiki, kile

vy
hi vi, vile

Sing. Subj. J k. ch

(thing)
e.g. (a, b) ki

4.

izuri, pretty,

hiki, this, (e

tu, thing, (c)

m, mw n huu, ule
Sing, u, w(e.g.) imbo
hizi, zile
(song) (with
Plur. ny
euphonic
variants)
e.g. (a, b) ui mbo, song, mbaya, bad, 0 huu, this,
(a
(c)
(e)

chapendeza, it pleases.
P!ur S,

- gij.\ ^

wachukiza, it disgusts.

XVli

(ZANZIBAR) SWAHILI NOUN

i , is the usual Declension ofliying beings, a, of plants. Diminutives
belong to 3, Amplificatives to 5, Abstracts mostly to 4, Foreign words to 6,
and in some cases 5, 7 is Local only, and 8, Verbal. The (so-called)
Possessive Adjectives and a few others follow the Pronominal Prefixes.
DECLEN
5.

NOUN
()

Sing.
Mur. ma

ROOT.

ADJECTIVAL

(4)

(c)

(e.g.) kasha
(box)

ra a, m
kubwa, large

PRONOUN.

VERBAL PREFIX.

(<t)
hili, lile haya,
yale

to

MurSu

o%} ya e) latosha, it
suffices.

eg. (a, 6)
Sing.
Piur.

casha, box,

7.

sing s
' $j.\ *.
euphonic
variants) (d) hit, this,
Plur. Sub/.
.
* g- (a, b) V azi, work, (c)
(e
ngumu, hard,
Sing.
mahali
pa, p
hapa, pale
Sing. Sub/. \
Pfur.
(Place) (only
noun in this
Plur. Sujj. | P*
declension.)
ihali, place,
pembamba, nt irrow, (d) hap a, this, (e) pafaa, it suits.
e.g. (a, b) (c)

8.

Sing.
Mur.

(eg.) kafa
(dying)

ku, kw

kufa, dying, (

c) kutukufu,orious,
(d)tu, this, (e) kwasifiwa,
gi it is pr hul aised.

6.

eg. (a,
b)

(with

(d) hili, this,

hit, ile hizi, zile

haku, kale

Sing. Subj \

Mur.sJjjj.^ k' k*

ABBREVIATIONS

EASILY recognized abbreviations are used for the common grammatical names of
parts of speech and their varietiesconjugations, moods, tenses, &c.

The eight Declensions given in Conspectus II are distinguished as

D i (5), i. e. First Declension Singular Number, D I {F), i.e. First

Declension Plural Number, D 2 (S), D 2 (.P), D 3 (S), and soon.

The eight principal forms of verb*stem are distinguished as Pr.

Primary or" Simple, Ap. Applied, Cs. Causal, Rp. Reciprocal, St.
Stative, Rv. Reversive, Rf. Reflexive, Rd. Reduplicated. Ps. denotes
Passive, Act. Active, Nt. Neuter, Pcs. Positive, Neg. Negative.
Pfx. Prefix, includes (for convenience) infix, suffix, and affixthe
same formative element being often medial or final as well as initial.
Kr. Krapf, Sac. Sacleux, Sir. Steere, the principal authorities relied
upon throughout, are only cited in connexion with particular words or
statements.

The chief languages referred to are : B. Bantu, Ar. ox Arab. Arabic,

Swa. Swahili, Z. Zanzibar, Hind. Hindustani, Pers. Persian, Pr. French,
Eng. English, Germ. German, Port. Portuguese. Obs. Arab., and not Ar.,
denotes Arabic words but little used or assimilated in the common talk
of Zanzibar.

The following may also be noted :

a . =
adjective, adv.
= adverb.
amplif. = amplificative, denoting large (relative) size.
conj. = conjunction, conjug. = conjugation, cf. =
compare, conn. = connect, connected, contr. = contrast,
Contrary in meaning, dim. = diminutive, denoting small
(relative) size, dist. = distinguish, distinct in meaning,
esp. = especially.
fig. * figurative, in a figurative sense, follg. = a
word or article immediately following, int. =
interjection.

ABBREVIATIONS

25

intens. = intensive, with intensive force, emphatic, lit. =

l i t e r a l l y, i n a l i t e r a l s e n s e . n. = noun,

obs. observe.

opp. * opposed to, of opposite

meaning, perh. = perhaps.
prec. = a word or article immediately
preceding, prep. * preposition.

pron. = pronoun.
pronom. = pronominal or possessiveof adjectives, &c.

syn. = synonymous, in a wide sense, illustrative of the general, or of a special,

meaning of a word, usu. usual, usually.
,

A S WAH I L I - E N G L I S H
DICTIONARY
(Words marked * appear not to be of Bantu origin.)
( 1 ) As an interjection, whose
meaning depends on the mode of
A represents generally the utterance and intonation. Thus :
broad sound of a in father. It also
( a ) At or Ah! or Ahh! expresses
includes (chiefly in non-accented
syllables) the lighter sound of a in simply wonder, pleasure, pain,
* man. And there is a grief, &c.
modification of it which is noted
) A-aa or A-haa (also A-hce
under certain words of Arabic and( bEhee
sounds distinct,
origin, being heard and written with rising)the
intonation, and stress
sometimes as c. See Elfu, Hewa, on the last, yes,
just so, exactly, I
and E.
understand,
i.
e.
assent,
A is far the commonest vowel affirmation.
sound in Swahili, and with the
(c) Aa-a or A-a-athe sounds
consonants k and m gives a distinct,
falling intonation,
distinct phonetic colour to the and stresswith
the first, no, oh no,
spoken language as a whole. not so, 'byon
no means, i. e. dissent
Though comparatively rare as an and negation.
initial sound of Bantu roots, it is
the regular terminal sound of most
( 2 ) As a preposition, but
Swahili verb-forms, appears in only.occasionally
or
many of the formative prefixes of shortened form asofa slurred
the verb, in the plural prefixes of prepositional wa, ya, See.,theafterfulla
two declensions, and in most of vowel preceding. (See below.)
the common conjunctions and
prepositions.
( 3 ) Not (like the other personal
prefixes, ni, u, tu, ///, wa) as a verbAa is used to represent a long a form (he, she) is, its place being
sound, which usually indicates (i) taken sometimes by yu, otherwise
in the case of Bantu words, a by the general verb-form ni, e.g.
really double syllable with an / or mfalrnc yu (or ni) tnwema, the king is
r sound slurred or elided between good.
the a s; (2) in the case of Arabic
words, the Bantu effort to express
A in verb-formation is :
the sounds of Alif, Ain, or
combinations of them.
( 1 ) The Pers. lfx. of 3
Sing, in all Tenses, agreeing with
D 1 (S), e. g. a- tapenda, he will
A as a simple uncoinbincd love.
sound is used:
( 2 ) The Tense Pfx. of Pres.
A.

Indef., e.g. wapettda (u-a-penda),

you love, nnd (coalescing or
dispensing with thr* Pcrs. Pfx.
wholly or in part) naptnda (ni-apenda), 1 love, aptnda (a-a- pcttda),
he loves.

follotvcd by , disappears
regularly in ha, ma, wa, pa,
sometimes in a, tia, ta, never in the
Ncg. Pfx. ha, e.g. akntda (a- kaenda), and he went, ptup* (pa> cupc),
( 3 ) Part of one form of the Past a white place; (2) when followed
Tense Pfx. ali (otherwise /1 only), by 1, coalesces with it to form e,
e.g. nalifttida (u-a/i-ptuda, otherwise
e.g. ak<ta (ada-ita), and he called,
ni-li-psttda), I loved.
west (wa-izi), thieves, mengi (tnaingi),
N. A in Prefixes, (1) when
many

.- A D I L I F U morals,
morality. a. right,
righteous, just. Hukumu
a., a right judgement. Mfalme a., a
just king. v. behave rightly, act
morally. Cs. adiI-iskai-ishwa,\.ta.dL
right conduct to, give a moral
training to. (Ar. Cf. -adilifu, and
contr. adibu, adabu.)

AGIZO

syn. kasumba'.)

*Afiuni,
n. opium.
(Ar. * Cf.

*Afu, v. also Afua, 'Save, deliver, preserve, cure, pardon,

acquit. Muungu amemwafu, God has
preserved him. n. (ma-),
preservation, pardon. (Arab, not
*-adilifu, a. as - adili, a. upright, common and deriv. stems rare. Cf.
honourable, respectable, moral. afu, 11. and afya, also common B.
(Ar. Cf. adili.')
syn. pony a, okoa.)
*Adui, n. (, and ma-), enemy,
foe, opponent. (Ar. Cf. adawa,
wadui, andsyn. B. mtesi,mshindani.)

A-ee, int. also A-hee, E-hee,

with second syllable accented and
on a higher-note, expressing
assent, affirmation, * yes, just so,
exactly. (Cf. a as int. and note.)
*Afa, n. (ma-), person or thing
causing fear, a terror, horror, bug-,
bear, enemy.
(Arab. Cf. hofu,
mwafa, and B. kioja, kit is hoi)

*Afathali, adv. better, rather,

preferably, as the best course,
more correctly. A. uenende, you had
better proceed. Hivi a., it is best so.
(Ar. Cf. fathili, (;ii)iafalkali.)
*Afia, n. See Afya. (Ar.)
*Aflkana, v. See Aflki. (Ar.)
*Afiki,
v.
agree
with,
correspond to, be same as, fit.

Tarihiya mwaka iliajiki hamstashara '

Desember, the date corresponded to

Dec. 15. The most used forms are

the Rp. afkana, agree together,
make an agreement (contract,
bargain), come to an understanding, be reconciled, and Cs.
afikaniska,
bring
to
terms,
reconcile, pacify. (Ar. as if wafiki.
Cf. maafikano, mwafaka, and syn. B.
palana, lingana.)

Afu, n. blossoms of the wild

jasmine, mwafu, growing in Z. and
valued
for
the
perfume.
(Qi.yasmini.)

(received permission) to go. Ap.

ag-ia, -iwa, -ilia, -iliana. Uli- niagia
kofia, you promised me a cap.
Niagie babangu, say good-bye to
my father for me. Maneno waliyoa*Afua, v. See Afu, v.
giliana ytye na rafiki zake, the terms
which he and his friends agreed
*Afya, n. also Afla, good upon.
Cs. ag-iza, -izwa, usually
health, sound condition, safety,
preservation, and also * general Intens.,
charge,
commission,
condition, state of health,with order,
appoint,
give
strict
qualifying adj. Sinaa., I am not in injunctions. Kua- giza ni kuweza ?
good health. A. njema (tnbaya), Does ordering mean it can be
good (bad) health. Bora a. (also done ? Rp. ag-ana, -.ania, *anika,
borafya), good health. (Ar. Cf. afu, -anisha, (1) make a mutual
v. and hali, also B. syn. uzima.)
agreement, come to terms,
conclude a bargain; (2) exchange
. Afya, v. ^ause to swear, put on farewells, say good-bye to each
oath. (Cs. from-tf/tf, \.*=apisha. other. Cs. aganisha, bring to terms,
See apa, and for interchange of p reconcile. (Cf. agizo, agano, and
and f see under-i^.) .
syn. wasia, ahidi.) '
Aga, v. (1) agree (with),
Agano, n. (ma-), (1) agreement,
promise (to), engage; (2) say promise, contract, mutual undergood-bye (to), take leave (of), standing;
(2)
leave-taking,
dismiss, let go. Aga (agana) farewell., (Usu. in plur. Cf. aga,
buriahi, say a last farewell, take and syn. ma- patano, maafikano,
solemn final leave (of). Fig. of ahadi, mkataba.)
sunset, jua linaaga vniti, the sun is
taking leave of the trees. Ps. agwa. Agizo, n. (ma-), charge, injunction,
Wameagwa, they have been told
commission, order,- appoint

A I T H A rae

AQUA

nt;
(a)
commission for executing orders,
fee. (Cf. aga, agano.)
Agua, v. predict, foretell, prophesy, divine, presage. Ps. aguliwa. Nt. agulika. Ap. agu-lin, -liwd,
-lika. Cs. agu-za, -zwa, and In tens.
Bao la kuagulia, a divining board.
(Cf. mwaguzi, maagusi, and for
various kinds of divination, bao,
ramli,feli.)

Agua, v. treat medically,

supply medicine, operate (on).
Killa au- guaye, humwagua, every
one who was sick he treated with
medicine. Atuague ttganga wa vita,
let him supply us with warmedicine. Chttkua ndimu aagulie
jngongo wake, take a lime, and let
him apply it to his back. (Derivs.,
&c. as prec. Cf. ugua.)
A boa. int. yes, just so (see A,
as interject, sound, andcf. A-ee, int.
note).
*Ahadi, n. (), also Wahadi,
promise, engagement, agreement.
Toa (funga, -pa) a., make a promise.
Vunja a., break a promise. Timiza
{fikisha, shika) a., keep (fulfil, &c.)
a promise. Ahadi yelui . tupeleke
mzigo Tabora, our engagement is,
to convey a load to Tabora. (Ar.
Cf. ahidi.)

hah.
n.
(),relations,
kindred,
kinsman.
Used
comprehensively, and often in
contrast with near relatives. Wazce
na ndugu na a., parents, brothers,
and relations. Kdugu na a., brothers
and (other) kinsmen. Mtu katika a.
take, one of his relations. (Ar. Cf.
akrabajamaa, utani, ukoo.)

Ahora n. and Akhera, Aheri,

( i ) that which is last (or
behind, or beyond), the

end,
the
last stage;
(a) esp. the
next world, fature life,
last day, grave (as end
of present life). Toka
await hatta aheri, from
first to last, from
beginning to end. (Syn.

toka mwanzo hatta

mwisho.) Huko ahera ni
kuzuri, it is nice over
yonder. Hatta Sultani atakwettda
ahera
(or.
aherani), even a king
B.

must die (will come to

his end).

(Ar. Cf. ahiri, and syn. B. mwisho, be disgraced, &c. Cs. aib-isha,
kikonw, end, and kuzimu, spirit -ishwa, disgrace, bring dishonour,
world.)
&c. on. (Ar. Cf. syn. fethehay hay
a. and contr. heshima.)
*Ahi, n. SeeAkhi.

* Ahiri, v. and Akhiri, stand

over, be behindhand, be put off
(deferred, adjourned), remain
behind. Ps. ahiriwa (as ahiri). Ap.
-,ahir-ia, -iwa, -ika. Cs. ahir-isha,
-ishwa, postpone, delay, adjourn,
defer, cause to wait. Maueuo hay
ayafiaahirika, this business can be
adjourned (taken afterwards).
(Arab. Cf. ahera, and syn. usiri, B.
ngoja.)

*Ahsante,
and
Aiiasanta,
As&nt, used as an expression of
thanks and gratitude, thank you,
you are very kind.' (Ar. = * you
have done well, cf. hisani. Usually
a
kindness
or
gift
is
acknowledged, if at all, by vema%
or ttgema, it is well, good.)

Aili, v. take on oneself, make

oneself responsible for, incur a
debt. A. deni, charge oneself with
another persons debt. Ap. ail-ia,
-iwa, -tka. Cs. ail-isha, -ishwa, put
responsibility on, declare guilty,
hold culpable, condemn. a.
responsible, guilty. Huyu si a. ni
yeye, this one is not responsible, it
is that one. (Arab, not common.
Cf. syn. diriki.)
'Ainn.
n.
kind,
class,
sort,species. (Ar. Cf. syn. ginsi,
namna, and follg.)
Ainl, v. specify, define, noint
out, distinguish, show, classify. Ps.
ainiwa. Nt. ainika. Ap. ain-ia, -iwa,
-ika. Cs. a in-is ha, -ishwa. (Ar. Cf.
aitta.)

Aibu, n. (that which is a) disgrace, shame, scandal, reproach; *Aitha, conj. further, moreover,
infamy, dishonour, shame. v. next, then. (Arab. Cf. kathalika,
(Pr. not used). Ap. aib-ia, -iwa, -ika,
be put to shame, be dishonoured, fhama, and common testa.

AJABU

)*Ajabu, v. also Taaj. and

AKILI

*Ajjem, n. Persia. Also Uajj.,

Staaj., wonder, be astonished, feel Persia. Mwajj. {wa-), a Persian.
surprise. Ap. ajab-ia, -hva, -ika, Kiajj., the Persian language, in
wonder at. Cs. ajab-isha, -ishzva, Persian style. (Ar.; the word
surprise, astonish, &c.
meaning not Arab, barbarian, then
n. (, and ma-),
Persian.)
(i)
wonder,
amazement,
admiration, astonishment; (2) a
marvel, surprise, a wonder, &c.
Ona a., feel wonder. adv.
wonderfully,
extraordinarily.
Kiibxva a., marvellously great.
Often used to strengthen mno, and
sana. Nyingi mno a., exceedingly
many. (Ar. Cf. shangaa v., toshewa
v., and syn. mwujiza, &c.)
Ajali, n. fate, doom, destiny,
appointed end, death. Leo imetimia
a. yako, to-day your hour is'come.
Kusalimika ajali, to be finally delivered up, to meet ones fate, to
come to the appointed end. (Ar.)

Aka, v. sometimes also Waka,

especially if a vowel precedes,
build, construct with stones and
mortar, work as a mason. Aka
nyutnba, build a stone house (jenga
being commonly used of native
construction, i.e. with poles,
sticks, and earth). Ps. akwa. Ap.
ak-ia, -iwa, -ika. vitu vya kuakia,
masons tools (materials, &c.).
Akisha {asha), cause to build, have
masons work done, order to be
built. (Cf. mwashi, uashi, and contr.
jenga and unda. In other dialects
aka means build, without
reference to masonry.)

*Akali, n. and a., a few (of),

*Ajara, n. and Ijara, Ujira, some. A. ya vitu,-vitu a., a few
hire, wages. (Ar. Cf. ctjiri, and things. (Arab. Cf. common haba,
ujira, mshahara.)
and B. -chache.) also a verbform, and he is, he being{a,
*Ajazi, v. be weak, be slack, be Pfx. 3 Pers. S., ka connective, li =
remiss. (Arab. Cf. ajizi, and syn. is, being, which see).
B. legea, choka.)
-ake, a. of pron. 3 Pers. S., his,
*Ajili, n. cause, reason, com- hers, her, its, of him (her, it).
monly in the phrase kwa ajili ya, Additional
emphasis
and
because of, on account of, for the precision is given by adding yeye,
sake of, by reason of. Also conj. mwenyewe, or both, e. g. klti chake,
and kwa ajili, because, in order to. his chair, kiti chake yeye, his chair,
(Ar. and cf. syn. sababu, maana, kiti ckake mwenyewe, his own chair,
hoja.)
kiti chake yeye mwenyewe, his very
own chair. The various prefixes,
Ajiri, v. hire, engage to work connecting -ake with different
for wages. Ps. ajiriwa. Nt. ajirika, classes of nouns are w-,y-, ch-,
-kana. Wanaajirika, men can be vy-, /-, z-,p-, kw-, mw-.
hired, they are procurable for
wages. Ap. ajir-ia, -iwa, -ika. Cs.
*Akhi, n. brother. (Arab, for
ajir- isha, -ishwa, cause to work for common B. ndugu.)
wages, get for hire. (Ar. Cf. ajar a,
ujira, and syn. mshahara.)
*Akiba, n. store, reserve,
stock, what is laid by for future
*Ajizi, n. weakness, slackness, use. Weka a., put by, store up. (Ar.)
remissness. (Arab. Cf. ajazi, and
common B. legea, choka.)
*Akida, n. {ma-), leader, commander, esp. of soldiers, ak. wa

asikari, captain. (Ar. with article honoured, respected. (Ar. occurs

prefixed ?)

only in letters opening in the

Arabic style, with other a. Cf.
*Akidi, v. suffice (for), be dibaji.)
enough (for). Chakula hiki chaakidi
watu waliopo, this food is enough
*A1 (and El), the Arab, article,
for those present. (Arab, for is not used independently, but is
common B. tosha. Cf. kifu.)
incorporated with various Arabic
words in common use among
*Akika, n. an; Arab domestic Swahilis, e.g. alhamisi, Thursday,
feast, e. g. on first hair-cutting of assttbuhi,
morning,
liwali,
a child. (Ar.)
governor, and sometimes as
possessive, ras il mali, capital sum
*Akiki, n. a red stone, red of money.
coral, cornelian. (Ar.)
*Ala, n. (, ma-, and ///-),
Akili, n. (1) intellect, sheath, scabbard, case of knife
intelligence,
consciousness, (sword, See.). (Cf. syn. uo.)
understanding, reason, sense; (2)
ability, cleverness, judgement,
*Alafu, n. and a., thousand.
discretion; (3) a trick, ruse, clever See Elfu. (Ar./plur. of Al/.)
plan, happy thought; (4) also used
of what is abstract and imAlama, n. sign, mark, token,
material, * pure thought.' liana a., trace, indication, vestige, signal.
he is a fool (simpleton, madman). Tin a., put a mark on, mark. (Ar.
A. zakc chaclu, he is dull-witted; Cf. tlimu, &c., and syn. ishara,
deficient. A. nyingi, great intelli- dalili.)
gence, plenty of sense. Fatiya a.,
Alasiri, n. afternoon, and esp.
use
the
brains,
exercise
one
of
the
regular
intelligence. A. yako haikuongoka, of
your device did not succeed. Mahommedan hours of prayer,
Katika a. yang it, according to my about 3.30 p.m. (Ar. al asr. Cf.
view, so far as I understand, yarn alfajiri, alhuuri, &c., and note on
bo la a. tnpu, si la kiwiliwili, Al.)
something wholly immaterial, not
Alfu, n. and a., thousand. See
of the body. Fuata a. yako, follow
your own judgement. (Ar. Cf. Elfu. (Ar.)
busara, ufahamu, uta- mbuzi, ujuzi,
Alfajiri, n. dawn, daybreak,
rnoyo, zvelekcvu.)
and esp. of one of the
Mahommedan hours of prayer,
Akina. See Kina.
about 4 a.m. (Ar. alfajr. Cf. alasiri
-ako, a. of pron. 2 Pers. S., and note.)
your, yours, of you. (Cf. -ake for
Alhamdu lillahi, a commop
prefixes, and use of wewe,
reply to a salute among some
mwenyewe, for emphasis.)
Swahilis, praised be God.
Akraba,
n.
kinsman, (Arab. Cf. al, and hi/nidi.)
relation,connexion, family. A. za
Alhamisi, n. Thursday. (Ar. Al
kuumeni (kukeni), relatives on the
fathers (mothers) side. (Ar. Cf. hams, i.e. the fifth day of the
week, according to the old
ahali, jamaa, utani, B. ukoo.)
oriental reckoning preserved by
Akram, a. also il akram, the Arabs, which regards the

AJABU

Sabbath as the last and Sunday as

the first day of the week, making
Thursday thus the fifth day. The
name has been taken over by the
Swahilis, though junta a tarn, also
meaning * the fifth day of the
week, is also regularly used, and
this denotes the day before
Alhamisi, i.e. Wednesday, because
the fifth day from (but not
including) ljutnaa, Friday, the
Mahommedan Sunday.
Ali, (1) a verb-form, he (she)
is, he (she) being (a, Pfx. of 3
lcrs. S. agreeing with D 1 (S),
and /1, which sec, and cf. relative
forms, ali-ye, ali-o, &c.) ; (2) a
common name, Ali.
Ali-, sign of 3 Pers. S. of Past
Tense of the Affirm. Conjug., e.g.
alipatda (a-li-frnda), he (she) loved.
-ali- (also -li-), sign of Past
Tense of the Affirm. Conjug.,
following or coalescing with Pers.
Pfx., c,g. nali- fs nda (ni-ali-penda),
I loved, twali- penda Ju-ali-pcnda),
we loved.
Alift, v. make a mark on, o.g.
by a blow, liakora imemwalia m/0/0,
the stick has made a mark ou the
boy. (Ar.)
Alika, v. (1) invite, summon, call,
give injunctions to, and in
particular of a doctors orders, i.e.
treat (a patient); (3) make a
short shar
pALIKI
sound, click, snap,
crack. Ps. cdikwa, e.g. be treated
medically. Ap. alik-ia, -iwa, -ika.
Cs. alik- iska, alisha, -shwa. (i) A.
mbele ya wali (kazini, kucheza
ngoma), summon before the
governor (to work, to a dance).
Humwalika kwenda kwake kula, he
used to invite him to dinner. A.
vita vikubwa, summon (for) a great

state, e. g.AKILI
simama, be standing,
tuama, settle down, kingama, lie
across, and sometimes combined
with Rp. termination, -na, i.e.
-mana,t.g. fungamana.
Amali, n. (1) action, act, thing
done; (2) practice, occupation,
business. Mtu wa a., a man of
action, an energetic practical man.
A. yoke kutega mitego, his business
was trapping. (Ar., plur. of ami. Cf.
B. teiulo, mtendaji.)
Amana, n. pledge, deposit,
thing entrusted. Weka a., make a
deposit, pledge. (Ar. Cf. amini,
amani, ? imam.)
Amani, n. peace, safety,
security, confidence, trust. Amani?
Is it peace ? Is all qniet ?a
common inquiry on meeting in a
journey. (Ar. Cf. amini.)
Amba, v. speak against,
denounce, slander, abuse. Ps.
ambwa. Only the Pr. form in this
sense. Ap. ambia, -iwa, the common
word for say to, speak to. See
Ambia. Amba is used, but not
commonly in Z., (1) with Rel. Pfx.
added, in the sense of a simple Rel.
Pron. who, which, being followed
by a finite verb, sometimes with a
kwamba
inserted
between,
sometimes with the verb itself in
the Relative form, e. g. Vyakula
ambavyo havimo katika ulimwengu,

(such) food as does not exist in the

world. Watoto ambao kwamba wataka
kwenda, children who wish to go.
Killa mtu na mzigo wake ambao
umtoshao, every
AMBAman with a load

which is sufficient for him. (2) as a

conjunction = kama, that, saying
that, e. g. wakamsema amba amefanya
mabaya, and they accused him,
saying that he committed crimes.
Also in the Infinitive form kwamba,
(saying) that, that is to say {ya
kwamba, that, is also used), and
kwamba also means if, though.
See Kwamba. (Cf. syn. tukana, suta,
serna, mwambi, and kama, conj. A
mba is used for say, speak in
poetical

war. Mwa- likwa, an invited guest.

(2) A. is used of the crackling of
roasted grains of Indian com
(mbisi). Alisha vi- dole, crack the
finger-joints. Alisha mtambo wa
bimduki, make the trigger of a gun
click, cock the trigger.

know. (2) Allah, expressing

wonder, disgust, &c. Allah allah,
in letters, to call special attention,
remember, be careful to note.
And cf. Inshallah, bis- milla, ee
walla, wallai. (Arab. Cf. Rabbi, Mo
la, and common B. Muungu.) .

*Aliki, v. hang, hang up,

Almaria, n. embroidery. (?
suspend. (Arab, for common B. Hind.)
tundika, tting ika, angika.)
Almasi, n. diamond. (Ar.,
Allah, n: God, seldom used used also as a proper name.)
except (1) in Arab, formulas; (2)
Ama, conj. (1) either, or.
as a common expletive, with or
without other words. (1) La ilahi Ama ama,eitheror. (2) (oris it
ilia Allah, the'first clause of the not? and so), surely, moreover,
Mahom- medan creed, there is however. Wa ama, and further, yet.
no God but Godsung as a Ama ' sizo ? Or is it not so ? Do
monotonous chant at funerals. you not admit it ? (Ar. Cf. ao, and
Allah
bilkheri,
a
common negat. wala.)
salutation, * God prosper you.
Alhamdu
billahi,ZL
common -ama, Stative termination of some
rejoinder, praised be God. Allah verbs in Swahili, often denoting a
dlam, God knows, i. e. I do not
(relatively) permanent condition o

AMU A
Swahili, and in other B.
dialects. Cf. jambo, \.t. ji-ambo.)
Amba. v. for Wamba, which
see.
Ambaa, v. means passing
near to, bnt without actual
contact, and has various shades
of meaning, according as such
contact is or is not desirable,
(i) pass bjr, pass along, pass
without touching (without
affecting); (a) avoid contact
with, escape, not to salute
(recognize, hurt, &c.); (3) miss
contact with, fail to see (salute,
recognize).
A.pwani(or,
napwani), coast along, hug the
shore. A. na maovu, escape evil.
Afaoznt- yakit- arnbae, may evil
not touch you. Nali- mwambaa, I
avoided seeing him (cut him),
or, I failed to see him. Derivatives seem rare. Cs. ambaza,
cause to pass near. A mbaza
chombo na pwatti, coast along
the shore. (Cf. mwa- mbao, and
perh. for close juxtaposition
and contact, ambo, ambisha,

11

ANDAMA

simcmwambala, the blows of the

stick made him feel. Ap.

ambat-ia, -iwa, -ika.
Cs.
ambat-

isha, *ishwa. Rp. ant bat-ana, -anisha, &c. Mbatt rnbili hizi zimeambalana, haziambuliki, these two

boards have stuck together,

they cannot be pulled' apart.
(Cf. ambaa, ambua, amba,
ambika, wamba, warn biso, and
for the termination, ftt- rnbala,
kama/a, vital a, ku m batia. Also
syn. nala.)
Ambia, v. Ap. of amba, but
mean

ing say to, report to, tell to, inform by word of mouth, speak to
always with an objective prefix,
and
the
words
of
the
communication
expressed
or
implied. Not used for talk to,
converse with. Often followed by
kama, ya kuwa, ya kwa- mba, that,
with Oblique or Direct narration.
Akamwambia, njoo ukalc, and he said
to him, Come and eat. Ps. ambiwa,
e. g. asiycjua maana, haambiwi
ambika,
wambiso,
ambuka, maana, he who does not know the
ambata, &c.)
meaning, will not be told it. Ap.
amb-i/ia, -iliwa, -ilika, Mtu wa
*Ambari, n. ambergris, kttambilika, an affable, courteous,
found at times off the east meek
person.
Mtolp
huytt
coast of Africa. (Ar.)
.
haatnbiliki, this child cannot bear
being spoken to. Cs. amb-iana.
Ambata, v. be close to, come Nyote ambianeni, all of you tell each
in contact with, stick (to), other. (Strictly the Ap. form of
adhere (to), be attached (to), Amba, which see. Cf. sema, nena.)
cling, clasp. Ps. ambatwa. Nt.
ambatika. A. inchi {na inchi,
Ambika, v. be brought into conkalika inchi), come close to tact, hold together, be firm (tight,
(strike on, cohere with) the coherent). (Cf. ambaa, and follg.)
ground. Mayayi yarncambata
kikangoni, the eggs have stuck
Ambisha, v. and Ambisa, cause
to the frying-pan. Jit a to be in contact, bring (force) tolinaambata kalika inchi, the sun gether, make cohere. Rp. ambibeats fiercely on the ground. sharta, e. g. Intens. of things
Moto uliniambata, the heat cohering or cemented together.
scorched
me.
/'inibo

(Cf.

Also calico, esp. (3) stout, unbleached

cotton cloth or calico, as largely
introduced from America.
Ambo, n. (ma-), (1) any
glutinous substance, gum, glue,
Ami, n. See Amu. (Ar.)
i.e. something which causes
Amili, v. manage, effect, bring
coherence. Ambo la vikuytt wa
kufungia nyaraka, gum made from about, work at. (Arab. Cf. amali,
the sycamore to fasten up letters mwamale, and B.syn.tenda,fanyiza.)
with. (Cf. ambaa, and chambo, i. c.
Amin, and Amina, Be it so,
ki-ambo ?) (2) the cording of a
native bedstead (also ttam- 0, Amen. (Arab. Cf. amini, amani.)
wambo, which see, and cf. wamba).
Amini, v. believe, trust, have
Ambua, v. break contact, faith (in), put confidence in. Ps.
remove, separate, take ofT ami- niwa. Nt. aminika. A. Muungu,
(something
adhering),
often believe God, trust God. A. kwa
ofremoving husk, peel, skin, i. e. Muungu, believe in God, have faith
peel, husk, clean, flay. Ps. am- towards God. Sultani akamwa- mini
buliwa. Nt. ambttka. Ngozi irncarn- Sana, the Sultan had great conbuka, the skin has peeled off, after fidence in him. Amini mtu na kitu,
an illness, or cast by a snake. entrust a person with a thing. Ap.
Agoziya si mba ikaanikwa holla amin-ia, -iwa, -ika. Aminiwa, have a
ikaambuUwa, the skin of the lion thing entrusted to. Haaminiki, he is
was drier! in the sun, and finally not deserving of confidence, he is
cleaned. Cs. ambtt- kiza, -izzva, see untrustworthy. Cs. amin-isha, -ishfollg. Ap. a mb- ttlia, uliwa, -ulika. wa, -ishia, &c., (1) cause to believe,
(Cf. ambaa, inspire faith (confidence, trust);
aw do, &c., and chambua, tnenya, (2) entrust to, commit to care of,
entrust with. Aminisha mtu mali,
paa, &c.)
entrust a man with money. (3)
Ambukiza, v. (i) canse to be Intens., have trust (about), feel
peeled off (removed, cast), and so confidence. Haku- aminisha kwenda
kulala, he did not venture to go to
( 2 ) give a disease to, infect, sleep.

n.
fidelity,
carry contagion to, be trustworthiness, honesty, integrity,
contagious/ peeling of faithfulness. (Cf. uamini, uaminifu.')
the skin being an a. and -amini, faithful, honest,
obvious effect of some trustworthy, &c. Cf. -aminifu. (Ar.
diseases. (Cf.. follg. and Cf. amana, imani.)
ambaa, ambua, &c.)
-aminifu, a. same as Amini, a.
Ambukizo, n. (ma-), infection, (Ar. Cf. uaminifui)
that which causes infection. (Cf.
Amiri, n. (;ma-), commander,
prec.)
leader, officer, esp. of soldiers.
Amdelh&n, n. a particular (Arab. Cf. amri, amuru, and syn.
fabric of fine silky texture. (? akida.)
Hind, see nguo.)
Amka, v. also Amuka, awake,
Amerikani, n. {ma-, wa-) and rouse oneself, rise up from sleep,
a., (i) America, (2) American. Ma- regain
life
(consciousness,
futa Am., common petroleum for strength, &c.). Ap. amk-ia, -iwa, (1)
lamps, stoves, &c. Nguo Am., wake up at (in, for, &c.), (2) in
ambaa,
wambiso.)

and

follg.

AMU A

particular, pay a morning visit to,

make an early call, visit formally,
the
customary
duty
of
dependents to patrons and
superiors, and of children to
parents,
( 3 ) in general, greet, accost,
salute, address, pay
respects to, also (4). fig.
of the dawn, jitmaa mosi
kwa usiku kuamkia jumaa
pili, on Saturday late in

the night as it dawned on

Sunday. Cs. am-sha,
-shwa, awaken, rouse up
(from sleep, lethargy,
&c.). Amsha kanwa, take
breakfast. Cf. chamsha
kanwa. (Cf. uka, muka, v.
rise up, &c., in other
dialects. Amkua, Ps.
amkuwa, is found in Swa.
poetry = amkia, rouse,
accost,
visit.
Cf.
maamkizi, and umka, also,
for evening visit tuesha.)
Amri, n. (1) a command,
order, rule, regulation, direction,
(2) authority, supreme power, rule,
government, law. Mwenyi a., ruler,
chief, responsible head. A. ya
Muungu, the will of God,
providence, chance. Sina a. nayo, I
have no power (responsibility) in
the matter, it is not my affair. Toa
a., issue an order. Shika (fuaia) a.,
obey (execute, carry out) an order.
A. nyingi, strict discipline. (Ar. Cf.
amuru, amiri.')

Amru, Amria, Amrisha, &c., v.

See Amuru.
Amu, n. also Ami, fathers
brother, paternal uncle. (Arab. Cf.
B. baba mdogo, baba mkubwa, and
dist. mjomba.)Amua, v. judge, be
umpire, arbitrate, settle dispute
(between). Ps. amuliwa. Nt.
amulika. Ap. amu-lia, -liwa, e. g. act
as judge for, arbitrate between, and
amttliwa, have a case settled, be

11

judged

ANDAMA

(decided). Cs. (rare)

amusha, -shwa. (Cf. mwamuzi,
maamttzi, and Ar. syn. hukttmu.)
*Amuru, v. also Amru (and so
commonly the derivatives), order,
command,
direct,
exercise
authority, be the supreme power.
Ps.
arnttriwa.
Alimwamurtikwcndaupcsi(or, aendd
upcsi), he ordered him to go
quickly. Ap. amr-ia, -iwa, give
orders about (for, at, &c.). Ameamriwa kazi, he has had orders as to
work. Cs. amr-isha, *ishwa, usu.
intens.,give strict orders, have
orders issued. (AT. Cf. B. syn.
agiza, from aga.)
Ana, verb-form, he (she) has (a,
Pfr. of 3 Pers. S. agreeing with D i
(S), and na, which see).
Ana-, at the beginning of verbs,
is the sign of 3 Pers. S. of the
Present Definite, agreeing with D
1 (S), e. g. anakwenda (a-nakwenda), he is going.
ana, as a verbal termination, is
the sign of the Reciprocal
Conjugation, which includes a
wide and subtle variety of
meanings noted under different
words, e. g. (1) reciprocity of act
or feeling, action and reaction, c.
g. pettdana, love each other, pigana,
beat each other, fight. (2)
community, collective action, interaction, e. g. liana,'vtccp together,
as well as lizana, excite each other
to weep, lam, cat together, (as well
as) eat each other. Tokatta na mtu,
part with a person. Tokana na damu,
lose blood. (3) practicability,
conditionality. This may be noted
esp. in the combination of -ana
with the Nt. Pfx. ka, c. g.
tettdekana, be possible, be able
(under conditions) to be done,
patikana, be procurable, be to be
had. (4) coherence, combination,
perhaps underlies such uses as
kazatta, be hard (tight, close),

pindamana,/ungamana, &c. (Cf. uses

of Prep. na. -ana is also a

widespread root in Bantu dialects.

Cf. A/wana.)

-anana, a. (anana with D 5 (S)

and D (> (S), anana or nyanana with
D 6 (P) ), soft, thin, gentle (in
action or effect). Upepo tnwan.,
gentle breeze. Maji moan., quiet,
still, slowly moving water. Nguo
an., soft clothes (fabric). (Not
common, restricted in meaning, of
things rather than persons. Cf. syn.
A. laini, B. ororo.)
Anasa, n. (1) pleasure, enjoyment, luxury, convenience, often
(2) in bad sense, over-1
uxuriousness,
selfindulgence,
sensuality. /Cilia a. into, it contains
every luxury. Kaa a., live in
comfort (or, self-indulgently). (Ar.
Cf. anisi, and syn. raha, fu- raha.)
Andaa, v. (1) prepare, provide,
get ready, put in order, arrange; (2)
esp. of cooking, prepare food. Ap.

anda-lia, -liwa, -lika. Andalia vita,

prepare for war. (Cf. ntaanda- si,
maandalio, and for the root perh.
attdika, attdama.)

Andama, v. follow, accompany,

go along with (or, after), follow
up, come next to, succeed. Mwezi
unteandama, the moon has followed
on, i.c. the new month has begun.
(Cf. mwezi tttwandamo.) Ap. andamia, -rwa, -ika. Andamia tembo, follow
up (pursue) an elephant. Cs.
andam-iza, -iziva, cause to follow,
&c. A/vtta hit i/auandamisa mwezi,
this rain will bring in the new
moon, i. e. will last till next month
begins. Kp. an- damana, follow one
another, go all together, form a
procession. Attda- rnana na,
associate with, take the side of, be
companion to. Siye mtu wa
kuatulamatm naye, he is not a proper
person to associate with. (Cf. follg.
and mwattdani.)

AMU A

Andamano, n.
following

(of people), train, procession,

retinue.
(Cf.
prec.
and

in rows (piles, one on the other),

make a row (pile) of plates. Cf.
panganya. (Cf. andiko, mwa- ndiko,

mwandiki, mwandikaji,
mwa11
ANDAMA

ndishi,
uandiski, &c. Cf. also andaa, and

derivs. and syn. in some senses

tandika and tengeneza.)

Andiko, n. (via-), something

written, a writing, letter, book.
Sio andiko lake, it is not his writing
Andamizi, n. (via-),: following. (written by him). (Cf. andikat
(See Mwandamizi, and cf. mwandikol)
andama.)
Anga, n. (1) light,brightness,
andamo,
a.
following, lustre; (2) upper air, sky, bright
succeeding. Mwezi mwa., moon expanse of the atmosphere; (3)
(month) following, new moon. fig. enlightenment, illumination,
(Cf. prec. and andama, mwandamo.) inspiration. Nde- ge za a., birds of
the air. A. la jua, sunshine. Mwezi
Andao, n. and Mwandao, waleta a., the moon brings light.
preparation, arrangement. A. la (Chiefly of sun and moon.
inaiti, preparation of corpse for Otherwise
mwanga
and
burial, funeral arrangements. (Cf. wangafu, which see. A root anganda, and rnaziski.)
or nga seems traceable in many
words relating to light, sight, and
Andasi, n. usu. in plur. sky, cf. angaza, angalia, -angafut
maandasi, confectionery, pastry, mwanga, mwango, mwangaza, maa&c. (Cf. andaa, maandasi.)
ngazi\ wangafu. Also cf. ng'aa,
ngariza, and possibly angaika,
Andika, v. (i) set in order, lay anga- via, angamia. Also anga,
out, set straight, give definite mwanga, of witchcraft;).
arrangement to; (2) w.rite (i.e.
make an orderly arrangement of
Anga, v. use sorcery, bewitch,
letters); (3) register, enrol, make an perform incantations, &c. JVatu
entry, put on paper; (4) (of a ship), wa Donge humwangia uehawi wao
steer, keep on a course, set the waka- mua, the people of Donge
course; (5) (andikia, andika hum), practised their enchantments
register as free, give freedom (to). upon him, and killed him. (Not
A. meza, arrange (lay, set) a table, often in Z., where uganga, uehawi,
prepare a meal. A. barua (waraka), and loga are usual. Cf. mwanga,
write a letter. A. asikaH (jeshi), wanga.)
enlist soldiers (a force). A. chombo,
keep a vessel on a course. A. tanga,
Angaa, v. See Ngaa. (Cf. angarrange a formal mourning. Ps. alia.)
mwandamano.)

andikwa. Limeandikwa (na Muungit),

it is written (by God, and therefore

-angafu, a. (angafu with D 5
finally
settled,
destined). (S), D 6), (1) bright, shining,
Liandikwalo hali- futiki, what is luminous,
radiant, polished,
written cannot be wiped out. Ap. emitting
(transmitting,
andik-ia, -iwa,
reflecting) light; (2) enlightened,
intellectual, clever, quick-witted.
-ika, -iana, write for (to, at, &c.). Maji maangafu, gleaming (glassy,
Tafathali uniandikie barua, please clear) water. (Cf. anga and
write a letter for me. Andikia derivs.)
mtumwa, set a slave free. Andikiana,
correspond (by letter). Cs. andikAngaika, v. be in suspense
isha, -ishwa, -ishia, &c., e. g. cause (anxious, confused, distressed,
excited, &c.). Cs. angaisha, -shwa,
make anxious, &c. (Cfi anganaf

to write, dictate a letter to, inspire

writing, have set in order, have a
meal laid. Nalimwandikishia chakula, I had a meal laid for him. Rp.

andik-ana, -anya. Waliandik- ana

wapagazi wote, they all entered as

porters together (by common consent). Andikanya sahani, set plates |

AMU A
angaa, anga, and syn. falhaika, surnbuka. taharuki.)

Angalia, v. (i) have the eyes

open (to), pay attention (to),
observe, notice; (2) be careful,
beware (of), take care. Angalia!
(Imperat.), see! observe! take
care ! Haangalii, he does not attend
(is careless, is unobservant). Ps.
angaliwa. Nt. angalika. Ap. angalilia, -liliwa, lilika. Cs. (seldom)
angaliza, -izwa. (Specialized from
same root as anga, and its
derivatives.
Cf.
-atigaltfu,
uangalizi.)

-angalifu, a. careful, observant,

attentive. '(Cf. angalia, uangalifu.)

11

ANDAMA

sharp eye on your property; (3) remain awake, keep watch at night.
Nimeattgaza vsiku kucha nisi laic, 1
have kept awake the whole night
without sleeping; (4) fig. open the
eyes of, enlighten, instruct. Ps.
ang- azwa. Ap. ang-azia, -asiwa,
-azika, e.g. kwani, kuniangazia macho l
Why look so intently at me? Cs. angazisha, ishwa. Rp. anga- zana. (Cs. of
(angaa) ng'aa, also Intens., cf. anga,
angalia, tigaa, mwangaza, -angafu,
&c. And cf. syn. common in Z., (1) kaza
macho, kodoa, gaze, stare; (2) mulika,
give light; (3) kesha, keep awake, and kaa
macho.)
Angika, v. hang up, hang, suspend, esp.
against a wail on a peg or hook or on a
branch. Ps. angihva. Ap. attg-ikia,
-ikiwa, -ikika. Cs. ang-ikisha, -ikishwa.
(Cf. angama, angua, chatigo, i.e. kiango, mwango, ? anga. Also syn.
tungika, tundika, both Nt. forms with act.
meaning, as anika,funika, &c.)

Angama, v. be in mid-air, be
suspended, hang. A. mnazimi, be
left hanging in a cocoanut tree.
A.juuya mli, be caught in the
boughs of a tree, when felling. (A
-angu, a. of pron. 1 Pers. S., my, mine, of
St. form, cf. Nt. angika, and Rv. me. (Cf. -akc for Pfx., and use of mi mi,
angua, and poss. atiga. Also follg.) tnwcnycxuc for emphasis.)
Angua, v. (1) let fall, drop, take down,
Angamia, v. be ruined, be lost,
be utterly undone, perish. IValu throw down, e.g. fruit from trees; (2) let out
wengi wameangamia vitani, many suddenly, utter, vent, e.g. a. embe (nazi,
perished in war. A. mwituni, be lost &c.), throw down mangoes (cocoanuts, &c.).
(perish) in the forest. Nt. (seldom) Sul/ani akaangua kilio, the Sultan gave
angamika,
e.g.
Mali
yangu vent to a cry. Also (3) hatch, e.g. a. mayai,
imeangamika, my property is hatch eggs, a. waana, hatch out young
ruined. Cs. attgamiza, -izwa, ruin, birds (not lay, which is zaa, taga). Ps.
spoil, destroy. (Apparently Ap. of anguliwa. Nt. aitguka, which see. Ap.
au- gama, which see, with angu-lia, -liwa, -lika. Cs. angtt-sha,
generalized
meaning;
cf. -shwa, -shia, -shizva, often intens., e.g.
uangamizi.)

(1) make fell, throw down violently; (2) fig.

bring to ruin, send as a blow (curse,
Angaza, v. (1) be light, give disaster). Muungu amc- mwangushia
light, be bright, shine, e. g. macho mabaya, God has sent down evil ujon
ya kua- ngaza, bright (sharp, him. (Rv, of root found in angika,
observant) eyes. Mwanga wa taa angama, which see, also anguka, and syn.
unaattgaza nyumba yote, the light of shua, shusha. Dist. kzuangua.)

the lamp gives light to the whole Anguka, v. (1) fell, fall down, drop, have a
house; (2) look intently (at), fix
attention (on), sometimes with downward movement (direction, tendency);
macho, e.g. angaza macho, keep the (2) fig. meet with disaster, be ruined ; (3)
eyes open (lit. make the eyes happen, befell, fell out. Ap. anguk-ia,
bright). Angaza rnali yako, keep a -iwa, (1) fell down into (on, before, &c.);

(1) come upon, fell in with, li'aka-

mzvangukia migttu, and they fell down

ANGUKO

before his feet, they submitted

to him. Kuangukiwa na msiba, to be
the victim of a calamity.
Akaangukia 7tiji mgeni, and he
lighted upon a strange city.
Ukaanguka msiba mkulrwa mno, and
a very great mourning took place.
(Nt. of angua, cf. anguko, also
angika, angama, and notes.)
Anguko, n. (ma-), (i) a fa\I,drop
(downward),
a
downward
movement, &c.; (2) ruin, fall; (3)
something
fallen,
a
ruin.
Maangukoya maji

14

APA

Nt. anuka, (1) be taken out of the

sun, be dry, have done airing; (2)
(of weather) be dry, have done
raining, clear up. Kumeanuka, it has
cleared up, it is fine again. Ap.
anu-lia, -liwa, &c. Sina mtu wa
kunianulia nguo, I have no one to go
and bring in the clothes for me.
(Rv. of same root as anikai)
*Anwani, n. heading, title, address (of a letter), direction,
general description. Andika a. ya
barua, write the address of a letter.
Tu- naingia kcdika anwani ya vyakula,

we are entering on the subject of

(ya mto), waterfall (also maporo.- dietetics. (Arab.)

moko). (Cf. anguka, maangamizi,

&c.)
*Ania, v. intend, resolve, set the
mind on, desire. No deriv.
common. (Arab. Cf. syn. Kusudia,
azimu, and B. taka. Nia seems a
different word.)
Anika, v. set out. to dry, expose
to sun (or air), air* dry. A. nguo
(inchele, &c.), dry clothes (rice,
&c.). Ps. attikwa. Ap. anikia, -iwa,
dry for (at, with, &c.).
Kamba
ya kuanikia ngtio, a clothes-line. Cs.
anik-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. anua, and
syn. kausha'.)

*Anisi, v. please, give pleasure

to, gratify the desires of. Wanapiga
ngoma kwa ajili kutuanisi, they are
drumming in order to please us.
(Arab. Cf. anasa, and syn. rithisha.
B. pendeza.)

Anza, v. begin, commence,

start, be the beginning, be the first.
Anza kazi, begin work. Kazi yaanza,
work begins. Anza kusema, begin to
speak. Jfwanza, Infin., and ya
kwanza, used as adv., first, firstly,
in the first place, to begin with. - a
kwanza, first (ordinal of tnosi, one).
Ps. anzwa. Nyumba imeanzwa kujenga, or imeanza kujengwa,the house
has begun to be built. Nt. anzika.
Ap. anz-ia, -iwa. Also anz-ilia,
-.iliwa, -ilika, make a beginning of,
make an attempt at. Cs. anz-isha,
-ishwa, -is hi a, &c., set on foot,
institute, found, see put in hand,
start. Also anz-ilisha, and -iliza,
which can be used of special
earnestness, effort, or occasion.
(Cf. mwanzo, kwanza.)
*Anzwani, n. Johanna (island).

*Ao, conj. also au, or; aoao,

(A. Cf. ama, and dis-*Ankra, n. invoice, account, bill eitheror.
junct.
wala.)
of sale, reckoning. (Hind, used in
commerce. Cf. Arab, orotha.)
-ao, a. of pron. 3 Pers. P., their,
of them. (Cf. -ake for
*Anna, n. one-sixteenth of a theirs,
and use of wao, wenyewe,
rupee, value 12 pies, or 4 pice, i. e. prefixes,
for emphasis.)
one penny. (Hind.)
Apa, v. swear, take an oath,
Anua, v. take out of the sun (or
an oath. A. Korani, swear by
air, or rain), put under cover (in utter
Coran. Sisadiki, apa yamini, I do
shade, in the house). Ps. anuliwa. the
not believe, swear by your right

hand. Ps. apwa. Ap. apia> swear to

(about, with, in, &c.). Akaniapia na
kiapo, and he swore to me with a
formal oath. Cs. (1) apisha (also
afya), -ishwa, cause to swear, put
on oath, administer an oath to,
adjure, conjure; (2) ap-iza, -izzva,
usually In tens, with special sense,
swear at, imprecate against,
denounce, curse, abjure. Apizana,
curse each other. Rp. apiana} take
an oath together,
join in swearing.
wapo,

(Cf.

uapo,

kiapo, apiso.)

number, e.g. (1) of a chiefs bodyguard,

15 young men armed; (2) of a ceremonial
interval, sometimes of a week, each of
the four weeks after a birth. Alipotoka
katika arobaini, when he was four
weeks old. -a arobaini, fortieth. (Ar. See
A rob a. B. makumi manned)
Arobatashara, n. and a., fourteen. -a
arobalashara, fourteenth. (Ar. Cf.
asharini, and droba, B. kumi na
'nne.)
"Arthi, n. (1) soil, ground, earth; (2)
land, as contr. with sea; (3) land,
region,country. (Arab. Cf. it don go,

* soil as a substance, barra, as

Api or (attached to a word ending with opp. to bahari, sea; ulaya and
-a) -pi, same as wapi, where ? (which "arilaya, of territorial divisions;
inchi, the common B. syn.)
see).
Apizo. n. (w<z-), cnrse, imprecation.
(Cf. apk, and syn. laatta.')

Arusi, n. also Harusi, (1) the

marriage ceremony, a wedding,
nuptials
; (2) the marriage feast;
Arabuni, n. (i) earnest-money,
deposit, advance, payment to secure (3) bride, bridegroom. (A. ni
yatendwayo,
mu
me
future service; (a) with -MI locative, in mamba
Arabia. (Ar. For Uarabuni, see akipelekwa kwa tnke, Arusi is all that
is done when a man is conducted
Afwarabu.')
to his wife. Yule ni arusi, leo ataingia
Ari, n. scandal, shame, disgrace, nyumbani,
yonder
is
the
dishonour. Nikiona ari, ulimwengu bridegroom, to-day he "ill enter
waniehukiza, if I feel dishonoured, the brides house. Tu- memleta arusi
everything is hateful to me. (Ar. Cf. kwa mumewe, we have brought the
aibu, fetheha, haya.)
bride to her husband. (Ar.the
Aria, n. part, section, party, fol- initial Ain being often heard as a
faint h in Swah. Cf. nikaha, and
lowing. (? Hind.)
syn. B. ndoa, maozi.)
Arifu, v. inform, report, let know,
give instructions about, esp.in writing, by
letter, e.g. baada ya salaam, nakuari/u haya, after good wishes, I
proceed to inform you as follows. Ps.
arifnua. Ap. arif-ia, -iwa, &c. a.
well-informed, ingenious, knowing. (Ar.
Cf. maarifa, iaarifu, and syn. hubiri.)

Asali, n. sweet syrup of

several kinds, (1) a. ya nyuki, from
bees, honey; (2) a.ya mua, from
sugarcane, treacle, molasses ;
(3) a. ya tembo, made by boiling
palm-wine. (Ar.)

Asha, v. (1) for akisha, Cs. of

Aroba, n. and a., also Ar*ba, Arbaa,
four. (Arab., used mainly in conjunction aka, build, which see; (2) for
with some other Ar. numeral, as droba aehisha, Cs. of acha, which see.
mi a, 400, droba ashirini, 24; (Also in Ar. a womans name.
otherwise usually the B. syn. nne, Dist. washa, Cs. of waka, bum.)
-nne.)
in

Arobaini, n. and a., forty. Used also

technical senses, irrespective of

ANGUKO

14

APA

Ashara, n. and a., ten. (Arab, changa) asikari, enlist soldiers.

for the common B. kumi, ten. Cheza a., be drilled. (Ar.)
Appears in edashara, thenashara,
*Asili, n. (i) origin, source,
ushurtt, &c. and follg.)
root,
stock;
(2)
inborn
Asharini,n.and a., and Ishirini, temperament, nature ; {3) essence,
twenty. -a asharini, twentieth. (Ar. fundamental principle, ground; (4)
Cf. dshara, and B. makumi mawili.) ancestry, family. Watu wa a.,
original inhabitants, aborigines. A.
Ashokali, a. better (after sick- ya fullani mtumwa, such and such a
ness), improved in condition, fit, man is by origin a (born) slave. A.
in form. Fanya a., get better. Afimi yake, atoka ivapi? Where is his
leo a., I am better to-day, I am feel- original home ? A. ya mali, capital
ing well. (Ar. for common B. (of money). Huyu a. yake ni mjinga,
sijambo, hujambo, Arc.)
this man is a born fool. Hana a.
wala fasili, he has neither root nor
Aaherati, n. also Hash., Uash., branches,
i.e.
ancestry
or
dissipation,
profligacy, connexions, standing or prospects.
debauchery, fornication, adultery-. Hakufanya kwa a., he did not act
a. also ash., dissipated, rightly (according to principle,
immoral. A!tu huyu asherati sana, properly). adv. originally, by
this person leads a very immoral nature, in old times. (Ar. Cf. syn.
life. (Ar. Cf. u/isiki, ufisada, and B. B. nvwanzo, chanzo.)
usini.)

Assubuhi, n. also Subuhi, Ussu*Ashiki, v. have a passion for, bui, morning (in general), time of
be enamoured of, be in love with. morning, earlier part of the day. As
(Arab. Cf. shauko.)
adv., in the morning, and often
emphasized by na mapevta. Njoo
Ashiria, v. Ap. make signs to assubuhi na tnapema, come in the
(with, for, &c.), signal (to), morning early. (Ar. with Article
indicate by signs (to). Ps. ashiriwa. prefixed. Cf. sabalkheri, and ala(Ar. Cf. ishara, and B. syn. onya, siri, alfajiri, athuuri and B. kuc/uz.)
onyesha.)
*Asusa, n. something sweet or
*Asi, v. rebel (against), pleasant, used to correct an undisobey, mutiny, neglect duty pleasant taste or effect, e.g.
(towards), quarrel (with). A si something taken and chewed after
Miiungu (nifalme, mke), fail in duty a drinking bout, a corrective,
towards God (king, wife). Ps. comfort, reliefi (Ar. Cf. faraja.)
asiwa. Ap. asi-a, -wa, -ka, rebel
against (at, on account of, &c.).
-ata, a verbal formative
Cs. asisha, -shwa, cause to rebel, termination, seeming to convey an
abet in disobedience, &c. Asisha idea of close contact, holding
mume na mke, make a man quarrel firmly,clasping, compressing. Cf.
with his wife. a. (also -asi), ambata, kamata.
rebellious, quarrelsome, undutiful.
(Ar. Cf. uasi, maasi, halifu.)
Atamia, v. sometimes tamia, ?
otamia, sit on eggs, brood (of a
*Asikari, n. (, wta-, and via-) hen). Cs. atamisha mayai, put eggs
and Askari, soldier, policeman, under a hen, get a hen to sit on
guard,
armed
attendant. eggs. (An Ap. verb-form, ?a
Andika (tia,
variant of otama, sit on the heels,
squat on the ground.)

*Athabu,
n.
punishment,
torture, chastisement, correction.
Tia a. kali, punish severely. (Ar. Cf.
athibuy and dist. adabu, good behaviour.)

mentor). Ps. athibiwa. Nt. athi- bika.

Ap. athib-ia, -iwa, -ika. Cs. athibisha, ishiva. Also intens. Ath. vikali,
punish severely, inflict condign
punishment. (Ar.)

*Athama, n. (1) greatness, gran*Athima, n. a charm, spell, indeur, glory, exaltation; (2) (also cantation, e. g. against evil spirits,
azama), nose-ring. (Arab. Cf. a- to bring back runaway slaves, &c.
thiviUy and B. utukufu, ukuu.)
(Arab. Cf. follg. and talasimu,
hiriziy dawal)

*Athana, n. the cry of the muezzin, the Mahommedan call to

Athimia, v. Ap. make a charm
prayers.
(Arab.
Cf.
athini, (spell, incantation) against (for,
mwalhini.)
with, &c.). (Arab. Cf. prec. and
dist. Athimia} Ap. of Athimu, exalt.)
*Athibu, v. punish, torment,
chastise, physically and otherwise. *Athimu, v. honour, exalt, make
Usijiathibu bilashi, do not worry
yourself for nothing (be a self-tor- much of, celebrate, glorify. Ps.
athi-

ATHINI

17

ATARI

miwa. Nt. athimika. Ap. athim- ia, by, &c.). Vipandt vya kuaulia,
-iwa, -ika. .Si'Aw ya kuathimika, a day surveying instruments. Cs. au-sha,
to be kept (celebrated), a me* morable day. e. g. cause (employ, send) to
Cs. at hi mis ha, cause to honour (be survey, show about, show the
honoured), and intens., honour highly. (Arab. sights of. (Cf. kagua, angalia,
Ct athama, and B. syn. tukuza.)
tazapiia. Aua is sometimes used for
Athini v. call to public prayers, of the
muezzin, according to Ma- hommedan
universal custom. Uki- sikia mwathini
akiathini, njoo, when you hear the
muezzin calling to prayers, come. (Arab. Cf.
mivathini, athana. In Z. the call is usu.
from the steps at the door of the Mosque, or
from the roof, as only one mosque has a
minaret, and many are only thatched
houses.)
*Athuuri, n. noon, midday, one of the
regular Mahommedan hours of prayer. (Ar.,
with Article prefixed. Cf. alasiri,
assubuhi, &c., and B. syn. jua kichwani,
jua kati, saa sit a tnchana.)

Eua, which see.)

*Auni, v. also Awini, assist,
help. n. assistance, help. (Ar.
Cf. more usual tnsaada, saidia.)
*Aushi,
n.
endurance,
permanence, durability, wear,
quality of lasting. Aitu cha a., a
tough
lasting
material
or
substance. Yuna a., he has lived
long, he lasts well. (Ar. Cf. is hi,
maisha, and syn. udumu.)
Awala, n. See Hawala. (Ar.)
Awali, n. beginning, start, first
place. Also a. first, and adv. (i)

*Ati, a common int. or expletive,

firstly, at first; (2) just, nearly, alexpressing surprise, or calling attention, 11
most. A. wa inchi, border, boundary
say, come now, look here, ou see.
of a country. Awali ni awali, awali
Unaniumiza ati, you are urting me, I tell
mbovu hapana, first is first, there is
you. Ati wewe uliopo, u mtu gani ? I say, no bad first. Toka awali hatta aheri,
you there, what is your tribe ?
from first to last, from start to

*Atia, n. also Hatia, present, free gift, finish. Awali Muunpi, Here goes I
and as adv. gratis, as a gift, for nothing. Vitu Heres for luck!a workmans
hivi antempa mtoto wake atia. these rejoinder to the overseers call
things he has given to his child as a free gift. Kazil Work hard, or Jcmbcl Dig
(Arab., one of the less common words for away. (Ar. for common B. mwapresent. Cf. bakshishi, zawadj, and nzo, kwanza.)
notes. In the form hatia, A represents Ain.)
Atua, v. split, crack, c.g. of split-* ting
logs for firewood. Nt. atuka. Inchi
imeatuka kwa jua, the ground is cracked
by the heat of the sun. (Cf. chanja, pasua,

tema.)

. *Au, conj., also Ao, or. Auau, either

or.
(Ar. Cf, ama, and
the disjunct wa/a.)
Aua, v. survey, view, examine, trace,
track out. A. shamba, survey an estate. A.
nyayo, follow up tracks of men or

*Awaaa, v. distribute, allot, arrange, dispose. (Arab, for common

B. gawa, tengeneza. Cf. Mwa- wazi.)
*Awosia, n. one kind of native
sailing
vessel,having
perpendicular stem, high rudder
head, and lurp stern. (?Ar. or
Hind. Cf. chcmbo, and note.)
Aya, n. a short section or
division of a book, csp. of the
Coran. (Arab. C i.jttsu.\

animals. Ps. auli- wa. Nt.auka.

Ayari,
n.
(1) impostor,
Shamba lote limeauka, the whole impudent cheat, knave, rogue
plantation has been inspected. Ap. (Ar.);
(a)
au-lia, -liwa, -lika, survey for (with,

itaut., shroud, rope supporting the

B represents the same sound as
mast of a ship. (? Ar. or Hind.)
in English.
*Ayika, v. for yeyuka, which
B in some words is not distinsee.
guished from p in common talk,
e.g. bofu and pofu, babua and papua,
Aza, v. for waza, which see.
bogoa and pogoa, boromoka and
*Azama, n. See Athama (2).
*Azima, v. also Azima, and
Azimu, resolve, purpose, propose,
intend, decide on. Akaazima-safari
kwenda barra, and he determined on
a journey up country. Ps. azimwa.
Nt. azimika. Ap. azim-ia, -iwa} -ika,
decide about (for, against, &c.).
Cs. azim-isha, -ishwa. Also Intens.

n. resolve, purpose, plan,

design, proposal. (Ar.,
and for n. cf. rnradi, and
shauri. Dist. azima for
athima, an & azima, as
follg.)

poro- moka.
0

Words not found under B may

therefore be looked for under P,
and vice versa.
B in some words appears as v '\n
kindred words (cf. interchange of
P and /), e.g. gomba and ugomvi,
'iba and uivi, omba and maomvi or
maombi, jambia and jamvia, kumbi
and kumvi.

B as initial sound of a root,

when preceded by an n prefix,
causes a euphonic change of n into
tn, e. g. ubavu, plur. mbavu for
nbavu, and vibele for nbele from
ubele. Also when an n prefix
*Azima, v. lend, borrow, in mo- precedes initial w of a root, mb
ney or kind. Ps. azimwa. Ap. azim- takes the place of nw, e. g. uwingu,
ia, -iwa, -ika. Cs. azim- isha, -ishwa. plur. mbingu for nwingu. (n, b and w
Rp. azimana.
appear to be alternative sounds in
some words. Cf. uwinda and
n. loan, debt, advance, ubindai)
money or credit. (?Hind.
Dist. azima prec., and
*Baa, n. (1) evil, trouble,
athima. Cf. deni, kopa.')
disaster, plague, nuisance; (2) a
reprobate, villain, bore. Baa pia
*Aziri, v. slander, bring into hutokana na vijana na watumwa, all
disrepute, disparage. (Arab, for troubles proceed from children and
com-, mon B. singizia, chongea, and slaves. Baa la kujitakia, a selfcf. izara.)
caused evil. (Ar. Cf. shari, msiba,

*Azizi, n. a rarity, wonder, curiosity, treasure. Azizi ni kitu kisichoenea

walu,
azizi
means
something uncommon, not widely
known. Also a., precious, rare,
valuable. Pame- ingia mjini kitu azizi,
a great curiosity has arrived in the
town. (Arab. Cf. tunu, ajabul)
. *Azur, n. perjury. See Zuri.
(Arab.)
B.

ukorojii)

*Baada,adv. or Bada, Badu,

after, afterwards,of time, and
only of space behind, so far as it
is sometimes involved in the idea
of succession, following after,
coming next to or behind. Contr.
nyuma. Seldom used alone, but
commonly
( 1 ) with ya, forming a
preposition, after, in
succession to, next to.

ATHINI

Baada
ya
salaam
nakuarifu, after good

wishes, I beg to inform

you,a
phrase
introducing
the
substance of a lett'er
after
the
formal
complimentary opening ;
(2) with yake, often in
combination,
baadaye,
and general reference,
after it, (hereafter, afterwards, then, next/ (Ar.
QUbado,
wabadahu'.')

Baamwezi. See Mbalamwezi.

*Baathi, a. some, a portion of,

generally with ya, e. g. baathi ya
watu, some of the people,like
watu wangine, nussya watu. (Ar.)
*Bab, n. kind, sort, class,used
sometimes in commerce of goods,
e. g. bab ulaya, European goods,
i.

e. for or from .Europe.

Panga bab-bab (or babubabu), arrange in classes,
according
to
kind.
(Arab. Cf. aina, namna,
ginsi.) <

Baba, n. (i) father; (a) uncle

on fathers side; (3) ancestor;
(4) patron, protector guardian.
Baba haswa is used to denote
and emphasize actual paternity.
Huyu ni baba yanga haswa, this is
my real father. Paternal uncles
ar$ distinguished as mkubwa, if
older, and mdogo, if younger,
than the father. Nina baba\
wakubwa wawili tta mmofa
mdogo, I have two uncles older

than my father and one

younger. Baba 1va karnbo, stepfather.
Baba
is
treated
grammatically as D 1, in
respect of the agreement of
verbs and of all adjectives
except the Pronominal. These
latter are used in the forms
agreeing with D6, commonly

17

ATARI

in the sing.^ almost always in

the plur. for the sake of
distinctness, and these forms
often coalesce with baba. Baba
mwema, a kind father. Baba
hataki kwenda, my father refuses
to go.* Baba wake (or babake),
baba yoke (or babaye), his father.
But baba sao (or babazo), rather
than the ambiguous baba wao,
their fathers. Baba ya watoto, a
kind of owl. (Cf. babu, and syn.
amu, and dist. mjomba.)
Babaika, v stutter, stammer,
hesitate in speaking, talk * as
in sleep. (Cf. gugumtza, payuka.)
Babata, v. tap, strike lightly,
as a blacksmith on thin
metal.
Babu, n. (1) grandfather; (a)
ancestor,
ancient
(For
grammatical treatment cf. baba.
Also cf. bibi, grandmother, and
meee, ancestor.)
Badala, n. and Badili, (1)
thing given in exchange, or for
barter,
a
substitute,
an
equivalent, a swop; (a) a
person filling the place or
office or another, substitute,
representative,
successor.
Badala ya, in place of, Instead
of. (Cf. badili, and mahali/a,.in
place of.)
BadanJ. n. the front or back
piece together forming the
body of a native dress, kantu,
also called kimo. (? Ar. or Hind.
Cf kansu.)
C

Badili, v. change, become changed,

exchange (whether by giving or taking),
interchange, alternate, act reciprocally,
exhibit successive changes. Esp. of exchange
of goods, i. e. barter. Used both act. and
neut. B. malt, barter goods. B. fetha,
change money, whether for other coin or its
equivalent. B. samu, relieve guard, take an

appointed turn or spell of work, &c. B.

nguo, change clothes, put on another suit.
Ps. badiliwa. NL badilika, change, be
changed, be capable of change, be fit for exchange, be liable to change, &c. Ap. badilia, -iwa, -ika. Cs. badil-isha, -ishwa,
-ishana, e. g. badilishana, of several
persons, cause each other to exchange, agree
upon terms of barter, wrangle over a sale.
Rp. badili ana, e. g. of several persons
engaged in a matter of exchange or barter.
Sometimes Redupl. badili-badili, of
frequent, rapid, or vexatious change. (Ar. As
contr. with B. geuka, geusa, See., both
imply change, alteration, and so far can often
be used convertibly, but change in. badili
properly implies only another thing or
state, in geuka, another and a different
thing or state, i. e. a change of quality,

condition or form,alteration as well as

substitution, succession, &c. Thus l>adili
nguo would properly mean, put on another
suit of cfgthes, geusa nguo, put on a suit of
a different kind (in a different condition).
Badili malt, exchange goods, geuza mali,
make goods better or worse.) n. (<),
change, 'exchange, alternation, successive
change, repetition. Usu. in plur. (Ar. Cf.
badala, -badilifu, B. geuka, -geusi,

Sec.)

badilifu. a. (1) changing, changeable,

liable to change; (a) of character,
whimsical, shifty, un* trustworthy. (At.
See Badili, v.)
Bado, adv. (1) of time, succcs-

BAFE

a sion,

subsequence, * yet, as yet,

(not) yet (2) of accession, addition,
still, still more, further, moreover,
as well, to boot.' Very common
after a negat. verb, and esp. in the
deferred tense, e. g. amekuja ? Has
he come ? Ans. Hajaja b.y he has
not yet come, or merely bado, i. e.
(not) yet. Yuko ? Is he there? Ans.
Yuko b.f He is still there, or hayuko
b., he is not there as yet. Often too
with an infin. loosely, with
negative force,
b.

i.

20

BAINI

Cbombo. (?IIind.)

Baghala, n. also Bagbla, a

mule. (Ar. Cf. B. nyumbu, used as
syn. in Z.)
Bagua, v. separate, put apart,
divide off. B.yaliyo yakoy pick out
what is yours. Nt. baguka, be separated, be at variance, quarrel. Bagukana, be in hostile parties,
quarrel together. (Cf. the common
tenga.)

*Bahari, n. (1) sea; (2) fig. of

what is of vast extent. B. kuu, the
high seas, ocean. B. ya Sham, Red
Sea. B. il aliy Persian Gulf. B. Rum,
Mediterranean, i. e. Sea of
Constantinople. I Vatu wanaozama
katika bahariya maneno, people who
plunge into the ocean of words, i.
e. embark on etymological studies.
(Ar. Cf. bahnria. Also opp. barra,
e. soon, presently, wait a B. inchi kavu.)
bit. Utapata b., you will
*Babaria, n. (, and rna-),
get it presently. Mtu
jamaayao na b. mtu wa sailor, one of ships company. (Ar.
Cf.
bahari, and B. mwana maji.)
serkali, a kinsman of
theirs and moreover a
*Bahasha, n. (, and ma~),
government official. (Ar.
Cf. baada. Bado implies case, satchel, bag, packet, paper
succession, futurity, and box (or, cover). Bahasha ya nguo, a
so, expectation, and by bundle of clothes. Sometimes used
implication, negation, i. to describe an * envelope. (?
Hind.)
e. the not- present.)
kujua,

there is no
knowing as yet. Vita b.
kwisha, the war is not yet
over. Bwana b. kuam'ka,
my master is not yet
awake. B. analala, he is
still asleep. B. -ngine, still
(yet) another. B. kidogo,
yet (still) a little,

*Bahati, n. (1) fortune, chance,

Bafe, n. a venomous kind of
luck; (2) esp. good fortune, good
snake. (Cf. nyoka.)
luck. Kwa b., by chance, by good
*Bafuta, n. also B&futa, a thin luck. B. njema {tribaya), good (bad)
kind of bleached calico, used esp. fortune. Ndio b. yake, that is his
for lining a kanzu (which see). Dif- good luck. Tumia b.y do a thing at
ferent qualities are distinguished random, take the chance, risk
as
B.ingereza
(fine),B.fransa everything, make a plunge,
(thicker), B. dondo (dressed), B. speculate, trust to luck. (Ar. See
maradufu (heavy), &c. (Hind. See follg. Cf. syn. nasibu.)
Nguo.)
*Bahatisha, v. guess, make a
*Bagala, n. also B&gala, a kind venture, speculate, trust to luck.
Ps.
bahatishwa. (Ar. Cf. bahati, and
of native sailing vessel, large,
square stem, high poop, and long syn. hist.)
prow, used esp. in trade with India.
*Bahili, n. and a., also Bakhili,
Sometimes double - masted. See

and -bahili, a miser, miserly, covetous, grasping, parsimonious, i. e.

tnwenyi kuyoeka tnali, one who
hoards his money. Mali ya bahili
huliwa na dudu, a misers wealth
gets worm-eaten. (Ar. Cf. ubahili,
-habithi, and for the idea, roho,
choyo, tamaa.)

subtraction. Daki ya vitwana, the

remainder of the men-servants. (Ar. Cf. B.
syn. saa (nta-), salio, &c.)
Bakora, n. a walking-stick,usually of
a white wood (the best being mtobwe, which
see) with top bent at an angle, and rather
larger at the lower end. Alipigwa b. hr mi,
he got ten strokes with a stick. (Various
kinds of sticks are fimbo, ufito, (ki)-

*Baina, n. clearness, clear

knowledge, certainty. Hapana b.t gongo, (ki)baraugn, rungu, mkongojo,
there is no certainty (clear mptko, mpwekc, Ripigi, mtobwe,)
evidence). (Ar. Cf. bainiy follg. and
Bakshish!, n. gratuity, gift, present,
uthahiri, ha- kika.)
. beggars dole, fee. (A great variety of words
and

expressions

denoting

gift

from

*Baini, v. and Bayini, (1) see different points of view will be found in this
clearly,
know,
distinguish, Dictionary. Some are of a general kind, e.g.
recognize;
aJa, atia, karama, oakshishi, majazi,
tha- wabu, sawadi, kipaji, kipawa, he( 2 ) make clear, prove, show; daya, tuto (tuza, tunzo)t others of
(3) be clear, be manifest,
special character, for various
be plainly shown,
occasions
of
charity,
affection,
this sense more usual with the Nt. bainika. congratulation,
Ps. bainhva. Mwivi amebainiwa, the bribery, &c., e.g. hiba, kumbuthief has been detected. Nt. bainika, be
shown, be made clear. Ap. bain-ia, -iwa,
-ika}.-ikia,-ikana.
Cs.
bain-isha,
-ishioa, &c., intens. make very plain,
clearly distinguish, demonstrate. a. and
-bainifu, clear, plain, demonstrable, evident,
well-known, notorious. n. also Baina,
which see. adv. See Beina. (Ar. Cf. bay

kurnbu, kisa/ama, kifukusa, sadaka,

hottgo, mluttgula, rushwa, kijiri,
m/enyezo, or taken from a

and pepper (Sir.). (? Hind.)

others.)

common form of present, e.g.

ufito, kilemba, pesa, or from the
service
rewarded,
uortgozi,

uchukuzi, makombozi, mao- kozi

(and many words of similar

or
from
the
ini, u bairn", bayarta, m bay ana, formation),
immediate effect in view, e.g.
ubayana*and syn. thihiri, wazi.)
kipa mkorto, ki- nyosha mgottgo,
*Bajia, n. a small cake of ground beans kifungna tntango, ami many
Bajuni, n. (nta-), native from coast
north of Mombasa. Sec Mgunya.
Baki, v. remain over, be left, stay
behind. Ap. baki-a, -iwa, remain over to
(for, in, &c.). Walibakiwa ntali, they had
property remaining over to them. Cs. bakisha, -shwa, -shia, or bakiza, leave
behind, cause to remain. Rp. bakiana, of
several persons or things, remain behind all
together (by consent). n. (, and nta-,
also bakia (nta-) and -o),
(i)

that which remains over, remainder, residue;

(2) in
Arithm.,

*B&kuli, n. (, and ma-), a

large, deep basin, dish, or pan of
earthenware. Dim. kibakuli. (Ar.)
*Balaa, n. sorrow. (Arab, for
common huzuni, &c.)
Balamwezi,
n.
Baamwezi, moonshine.
Mbalamwezi.

also
Sec

Balanga, n. a disease
producing
light-coloured
patches on a dark skin, ? a form
of leprosy.

BAFE

Balari, n. a kirfd of chisel.

(? Hind.)
Balaxi. n. (ma-), a very large
kind of jar (of stone or
earthenware,
with
narrow
mouth), used csp. for storing
water. Said to come from the
Persian Culf. (? Pers. Cf. ka- siki,
which is smaller. lialasi also
means leprosy in Arab., and is
used so in Z. Cf. ukoma.)
*Balehi, v. grow up, coinc to
(sexual)
maturity,
become
marriageable. Amebalehi sasa,
aftwe rnke, he is now grown up,
he should be given a wife. n.
also Mbalohe (w'p-), boy or girl
growing up, entering on
manhood
or
womanhood,
developed, marriageable. (Ar.
Cf. syn. komaa, pevuka and u bale
he, -pevu, -sima.)

Bali, conj. but, nay, rather,

on the contrary. (Arab. Cf. more
common lakini.)
Bolozi, n. (ma-), also Barozi,
which sec, and Balyozi, consul,
political agent. (? Turkish. Cf.
ubarozi.)

20

BAINI

*Balungi, n. (wa-), citronthe

fruit of mbalungi. (Hind.)
Bamba, n. {ma-), a flat thin
piece (esp. of metal), a sheet, plate,
or strip of metal. Mabamba ya
chuma, hoop-iron. Also of cardboard, millboard. Dim. kibamba.
(Cf. mbamba, -embamba, and follg.)
Bambo, n. (i) an iron instrument
grooved and pointed, used for
drawing a sample from a sack of
grain ; (a) (ma-), long cord-like
strip of plaited grass, used for
making coarse mats and baskets,
and for- cording a native bedstead.
(Cf. shupatu, also ubambo, mbamba,
bamba.)

Bandari, n. harbour,
anchorage, roadstead, port. B.
ni mahali pa pwani ivatu
washukapo, a bandaH is a place

on the shore where people

disembark. (Ar. Cf. banadai)
Bandera, n. See Bendera. .
Bandi, n. {ma-), stitching, 4 TOW
of stitches, a stitch, esp. of the
coarser kinds ofsewing. Panya
{piga, shotia) bandi, baste, tack,
run (in sewing). (Cf. ponta,
shuhu, and see Shona.)

Bandia, n. puppet, toyfigure, doll. Mtoto wa bandia, a

Bamia, n. same as Binda, n. doll, often made of plaited
(which see).
grass, stuffed with rice.
Bamvua, n. {ma-), spring tide.
Bandika, v. put on, stick on,
(Cf. syn. maji makuu.)
fasten on, apply, attafch, esp.
of causing something to adhere
Bana, v. hold as in a vice, press, to a surface, also add, place
squeeze, pinch. Also in neut. sense, in addition to. Sometimes fig.
stick fast, jam. Ps. baniwa. Nt. and neut., e.g. Amewa- bandika,
banika, be fixed, e. g. between two he has attached himself to
sticks, for roasting by a fire. Also them, he sticks to them, of an
used act., set to roast at fire. Ap. unpleasant companion. B.
ban-ia, -iwa, -ika, press to (with, in, dawa, apply a plaster (in
&c.). Jibania nguo, gird oneself medicine). Ps. ba- ndikwa. Ap.
tightly, fasten ones clothes tight, bandik-ia, -iwa. Cs. bandik-isha,
as for work, a journey, &c. Cs. -ishwa,-iza, -izwa. Ba- ndikisha
ban- iza, ban-za. Jibanza ukutani, vyombo, put on an extra load,
squeeze oneself up against a wall, add to a load. (Cf. kandika, and
to allow something to pass. Rp. follg.,
and
n.
pUndika,
banaita. (Cf. banua, bano, mbano, pandikizai) Bandua, v. take off,
banzi, kibanzi, and syn. kaza, songa, detach, remove, strip off, peel
&c.)
off, relieve of. Nt. banduka.
M- zungn, they
*Banada, n. also Banaderi, the Hawambanduki
leave (part company
ports on the Somali coast north of never
the European. Unisuguc
Zanzibar, esp. Barawa, Marka, with)
nibanduke maganda, rub
Mag- desh, Warsheikh, &c., now in hatta
till my shell comes offof
the Italian Protectorate (1902). (Ar. me,
a tortoise. (In form and sense a
Cf. bandari.)
Rv. form of Bandika, but no
or cogn. forms common.
Banagiri, n. (, and ma-), also deriv.
Banajili, armlet, bracelet, in Z. Cf. mbanduko.) '
usually of silvera broad band
*Banduru; n. bilge, place in
ornamented with blunt projecting ships
hold from which Water is
points. (Hind. Cf. kikuku, and for baled out,
ships well.
such ornaments generally, urembo.)
Bangi, n. bhan, leaf of
Banda, n. {ma-), large shed, mbangi or Indian hemp, often
workshop, factorycovered, open chewed and smoked, and used
at the sides. B. la frasi, stable. Dim'.

BAFE

20

BAINI

in various sweet preparations. A

Baniani, n. {ma-), a Banyan.
strong intoxicant. (Hind. Cf. See Banyani.
mbangi, paru, boza, ma- juni, afyunii)

. *Baniya, n. the Caaba at Mecca.

(Arab, a building.

)Banja, v. crack, break, e. g. a not.

Bano, n. (a-), a carpenters tool for
holding work in position, cramp,
holdfast. (Cf. batta, mbatto.)
Banua, v. loosen, unfasten, slacken
pressure, e. g. open the jaws of a vice.
Nt. battuka. Ban-ulia, -ttliiva. (Rv. of

batta.)

Banyani, n. (ma-), Banyan, heathen

Indian, usually trader from Catch.

to-day. (Ar. Cf. bariki, mbaraka.)

Barakoa, n. a mask, covering
the face down to the mouth, all but
the eyes, worn in public by Arab
and
Mahommedan
women
generally of the upper class. (Ar.)
Barathuli, n. See Barazuli.
Barawai, n. a swallow.

Baraza, n. (1) place of public

audience or reception. In Z. a
stone scat in the entrance hall, or
against the wall outside a house, or
a raised platform with stone seats
Bao, n. (rna-). See Bau.
and sometimes roofed over in
front of the house, for receiving
Bapa, n. also Ubapa, used of a broad
strangers, holding audiences, and
flat, or slightly rounded, surface, e.g. b.
business. Hence also
la upattga, the flat blade of a sword, the transacting
(a) a meeting, reception, public
flat side as opp. to the sharp edge
audience, council;
(;makali). B. la uso, broad forehead or
Banzi, n. (, and ma-), thin strip of
wood, or split stick, used for holding fish,
meat, &c., to toast by a fire. (Cf. batta,
and*dim. ki- battzi.)

broad cheek (face). B. la kisu, knife

blade. (Cf. king".)
Bara, n. See Barra.

( 3 ) members of a council,
tabinet, committee. (Ar.
Cf. bart'zi.)

Bara-bara, a. also Baraba, just as it

Barazuli, n. a dull-witted
should be, quite right, exact, proper, heavy man, simpleton, dupe,one
without a flaw. Ndipo matttbo yaxve who is made a butt of by his
baraba, so all may be well. Bet ha hii companions. (Ar. Cf. mjinga,
tti baraba, this is the exact sum. mzuzu.)
Athuuri baraba, just noon. (Hind.)

Baridi, n. (1) cold, coldness,

chill, dampness; (a) wind, air,
draft; (3) coolness, refreshment,
relief (from heat and exhaustion),
Baragumu,n.(,and wa-),horn used comfort; (4) fig. coldness of
1
as a musical instrument, trumpet, war- manner, dullness, lack of interest,
horn, blown through a hole near the repelling aspect or tone. (Thus
small end. (Cf. panda, pembe,- siwa, baridi may imply both pleasant and
for similar instruments.)
unpleasant sensations, but the verb
Baraji, n. rope attached to the after burttdisha, &c., is always used of
end of the yard-arm in a native vessel, what has a pleasant effect.) B.
halyard. (Cf. hamarawi, and foromali.) nyingi, high winds, or great cold.
Maji ya b., (1) cold water, opp. to
Baraka, n. (, and ma-), also tttajiya rnoto, hot water; or (a) fresh
Mbaraka (mi-), (l) a blessing, generally ; water, as opp. to mdji ya churttvi (ya
(a) (special forms of blessing, such as) bah art), salt (sea) water. (Cf. ntajt
prosperity, progress, advantage, plenty of ya mvua, maji rnatamu, &c.) B. yabis,
food, abundant harvest, Ac.; (3) a favour, rheumatism.
Matteno
ya
b.,
gift.
platitudes, or chilling remarks.
Tuna b. leo, we are getting on well (Ar. Cf. burudisha, buruda, ubaridt.)
. *Barafu, n. ice. Tukakuta barafu
juu ya trteza imeganda, and we
found ice formed on the table. (Ar.)

BANJA

Bariki, v. fi) bless, consecrate; (a) grant

wealth (favour, prosperity, Ac.) to; (3) knock
down to (a bidder), accept the bid of nt an
auction. Pa. bariktwa. Ap. barik ia, -itva,
give a blessing to (for, with, Ac.). Cs,
barik-iska, Intcns. load with favours.

23

for fennel ?)

BABIKI

*Bashiri, v. (1) bring tidings,

report news, announce (esp. of
first tidings, and so) (2) tell in
advance, announce beforehand,
(Ar. Cf. bar aka, mbaraka, taburuku, predict, foretell. Ps. baskiriwa. Ap.
bashiria, iwa. Common in the
and the common name Mabntki.)
expression Bashiri heri! May it be
Barizi, v. (l) hold a reception, good news ! Umbashirie . heri,
give an audience, summon a predict
council, receive guests, sit in state;
(2) attend an audience, go to a good luck for him. (Ar. Cf.
council (meeting, reception, &c.) ; mbaskiri.)
(3) sit out of doors, sit together in
a garden, &c. See Baraza. Sultani
*Bassi, Bass, (r) conj. very
anabarizi leo, the Sultan is holding commonly used as a connective
a court to-day. Twabarizi kwa in narratives, often heading each
Mzungu, we attend meetings at a succeeding paragraph in a story,
Europeans house. (Ar. Cf. baraza.) Well, and so, accordingly, and

then; (2) interj. generally

expressing
contentment
or
*Barra, n. or Bara, (1) land in resignation, 4 It is enough, very
general, as opp. to sea, b. na bahari, well, that will do ; but also
land and sea; (2) land as most often an order or decision,
known to Swahili, i. e. wild, Stop that! Thats all 1 Have
uncultivated country, b. tupu, b. done with it. (Hind. Bassi is one
nyeupe, bare, unoccupied land; (3) of the commonest and most
the region of the coast, b- ya characteristic interjections in
Waswahili, the Swahili coastland; Swahili,
and capable of
and also (4) the hinterland as contr. conveying very different shades
with coast, tangu pwani hatta b., of meaning according to the
from the coast to the interior. B. il tone of voice and expression,
asili, mainland, continent. B. al from the highest gratification to
Hindi, India. Bara- bara is used the extreme of mortification and
descriptively of a bare open disgust. In fact, a whole series
locality, of a broad road or of distinct ideas may be
clearing. Barabarani, out in the conveyed by the same word,
open, on the high road. (Ar. Cf. e.g. at the close of a bargain a
Zanzibar, i. e. Zanji-bara, negro dialogue may be heard carried
coast.)
on with it alone. Bassi?
(interrogatively and doubtfully),
Barua, n. written form, note, Is that really all that you can
bill, ticket, letter, esp. of formal give me, your lowest terms?
official communications, but also Bassi (with decision), Those are
generally
of
ordinary my final terms. Bassi (with
correspondence, like waraka. (Ar. reluctant resignation), Well, I
Cf, waraka, cheti, hati, and kibarua.) suppose I must accept it. Bassi
an air of satisfaction),
Baruti, n. gunpowder. (Ar. (with
Very well; that settles the
barud.)
matter. Bassi (final consent), Be
Basbasi, n. mace, the inner it so ! Done ! Agreed !
husk of nutmeg (kungu manga). (Ar.
Bastola, n. pistol (? same

word, through Arab.).

*Bata, n. (ma-)} a duck. B. la
a
goose,
lit.
Madagascar duck. B. la mzinga,
a turkey, perh. from its note.
Kwenda batabata, walk like a
duck, waddle. (Ar.)
Bukini',

*Bafcela, n. also Betela, a

kind of sailing vessel common
at Z., smaller than bdgala, cutwater slightly curved like a
boat, square stern and usually
a small quarterdeck. See
Chombo.
(Ar.)
.
-bathiri, -bathirifu, a.
extravagant, prodigal. (Ar.
Ci.ubathirifu, and batili, ubatili.)
*Bati, n. (1) tin, block tin,
sheet tin. Also used of (2)
corrugated
iron sheeting (rna-). Tia bati, tin, v., i.
e. cover a copper vessel with tin.
*Batili, v. make worthless, reduce to
nothing, cancel, annul, abolish, treat as
of
no
use,
defy,
transgress.
Ps.batiliwa. Nt. batilika. Ap.batilia, -iwa. Cs. batil-isha, -ishwa, &c.
-batili. a. and -batilifu, worthless,
invalid, of no use (force, or effect).
Hoja batili, a futile argument. Aikaha
ile batili, that marriage is null and
void. (Ar. Cf. ubatili, and B. syn.
tanguka, v.)
Batli, n. log, in naut. sense, i. e. a
ships record or journal. (? Hind.)
Batobato, n. (i) open place where
dancing takes place, dancing- yard
(more commonly kiwanja cha ngoma
in Z.) ; (2) markings, coloured spots or
stripes, of animal or insect. Alsoadv. (as
if batabata) of waddling, flat-footed
gait. Yule ana batobato, he walks flatfooted. Also kibato- bato, with various
spots (markings). (Cf. kipaku, and
tnadoadoa.) .

Bau, n. (, and tna-), also Bao, a

board, and as contr. with ubau
(rnbau), a large board ; usually of a
board of special kind or for special
purpose, e. g. a bench or table; and also
(1) a playing-board, for chess, cards, but
most commonly (2) for a favourite
game called Bao simply, or Bao la
rntaji, like a chess-board with 64
(sometimes 32) holes for quares, and
seeds or pebbles for counters. Cheza
bao, play the Bao game. 1 Icnce bau is
also used of (3) a game, generally, or
victory in a game. Twaliwa- futtga (or
twaliwatia) mabau si/a, we won six
games. Tia bau, mark a game, win ; (4)
a dinners board, esp. bau la
tnchatiga, a board covered with sand,
called also ramli (Ar. for sand) and
(locally) kibunzi. Biga bau, use a
divining board, take the omens. (Cf.

ubau.)

*Baura, n. anchor of European pattern

and

make,

with

two

flukes

(makornbe). Also called ttanga ya

baura. (Cf. syn. ttanga.)

Bavuni, adv. loc., alongside, at

the side. See Ubavu.
Bawa, n. (ma-), wing of bird or
insect. Dim. kibawa. (Cf. ubawa,
wing-feather.)
Bawaba, n. (,and
hinge. (Hind. Cf. patta.)

tna-),

Bawabu, n. (ma-), door-keeper,

house-porter,
chamberlain,
turnkey. B. wa kifungo, gaoler. (Ar.
Cf. mttgoje mlattgo.)
Bawasiri,
n.
haemorrhoids. (Ar.)

piles,

-baya, a. (mbaya, with D 4 (P),

D 6, baya with D 5 (S)), bad, in the
widest sense, i. e. possessing the
quality of not approving itself or
being
acceptable,
whether
materially, morally, intellectually,
or aesthetically, i. e. a quality
which is offensive (in whatever
degree or way) to feelings,

BANJA

conscience, reason, or taste. It may

therefore be rendered in a great
number of ways in English, e.g.
painful, unpleasant, inconvenient,
defective, ugly, erroneous, wrong,
wicked. (Cf. ubaya, -ovti, -bovu, and
the opp. -etna, -zuri, -zirna.) These
and other words in Swahili express
aualities, the degrees and kinds of
which are not differentiated or
clearly
recognized.
It
is
impossible,
therefore,
to
enumerate the rich variety of Eng-,
lish words, which find their
readiest and sometimes their only
mode of rendering in'them.

23

BABIKI

Bayini.v.anda. SceBaini. (Ar.)

*Bazasi, n. (tna-) and Mbasasi

trader,
tradesman,
shopkeeper. (Ar. Cf. ubazazi, tajiri,
(uta-),

mchuruzi.)

Baba, v. *carry on the back,ns

native women do their children in
a cloth. Ps. bebwa. Ap. beb-ea, -rtoa,
carry for (in, to, See.). Cs. beb-esha,
-,eshwa, place (a child) on the back
(of the mother). Asiyc tta rntoto na
abebe jiwe, if any one has no child,
Bayana, a. and Boyanu. Sec let her even bring a stone on her
back
Baini. (Ar.)

.Bebera, n. (ma-), alsti Beberu,

( i ) he-goat; (2) a strong
man. (Cf. mbuzi. Beberu,
or beru, also means an
extemporized
sail,
made of loincloth,
handkerchiefs, &c.)
*Bedari, n. See Abedari.

fluence, win the favour (consent)

of. Ps. bembwa. Nt. bembeka. Ap.
bemb-ea, -ewa, -elea, -elewa, -eleza,
&c., usu. with Intens. force. Chakula cha kubembelezca njaa, food
cooked to take the edge off the
appetite. Amenibembeleza nimfanyizie
kazi, he has coaxed me into making
a job for him. Bembeleza macho, put
on a coaxing expression. Hence
bembelezana. Cs. bemb-eza, -ezwa.
(Cf. bembe, -bembe, ubembe, ubembelezi, &c.)

Bembe, n. pastry, confectionery,

*Bedawi, n. (ma-), a Bedouin,
wanderer, outcast. Mfano wao sweetmeats, esp. of a lovers
kama Mabedawi, they looked like presents, dainty dishes sent during
Ramathan, &c. (Cf. be?nba.)
Bedouins. (Ar.)
-bembe, a. enticing, coaxing,
*Bedeni, n. a kind of sailing
ves- selfrom Arabiacut-water wheedling, coquettish. (Cf. bemba,
bembe,
ubembe.)
and mast perpendicular, sharp
stem, and high rudder-head. See
Bendera, n. and Bandera, (1)
Chombo. (? Ar.)
flag; (2) (the Arabian flag being
*Bee,int. also Ebbe, for red), red cotton cloth, Turkey red
Lebeka, which see. n. See Bei. calico. B. maradufu, red cotton drill
or twill. Tweka b., hoist
a flag.
1
*Beek, int. for Lebeka, which Shusha (tua) b., lower a flag. Bender
a hufuatapepo, the flag goes with
see.
the wind. (Ar.)
Bega, n. (ma-), shoulderof
Benua, v. cause to project, stick
man or animal. Chukua mzigo
begani (kwa bega,juu ya bega), carry out, bulge, protrude, put forward,
expose to view. Ps. benuliwa. Nt.
a load on the shoulder.
benuka, bulge, stick out, be convex.
Behewa, n. inner court (Cf. mbinu, and syn. toa nje, toheza.)
surrounded by buildings and open
*Bereu, n. a sticky black stuff,
to the air, as in all large stone
black paint. (? Hind.)
houses in Z. (Ar.)
.
*Bei, n. also Bee,trade,
commerce, bargain, sale, business
transaction. Piga (pigana) bei,
drive a bargain. Bei hiyari,
mortgage with option of realizing
by sale. Bei reham, mortgage with
right to amount of debt only. (Ar.
Cf. biashara, ubazazi.)

*Beti, n. (, and ma-), (1) small

pouch, pocket bag, case. B. ya kiasi,
cartridge pouch. Mabeti kiu- noni,
cartridge belt round the waist
(possibly from Eng. belt); (2)
verse or couplet of a poem. Uimbo
huu una beti tatu, this song has three
verses. (Ar.)

*Betili, n. and Batili, a kind of

*Beina, adv. also Baina, in the
midst, between. Beinaya, amongst, sailing vessel from the Persian gulf
long projecting prow, sharp
between. (Ar. for more usual
stern, high rudder-head. (See
Chombo, and dist. batela.)
kati.)
Bekua, v. keep off, ward off,
*Bi, prep, by, with, in, &c.
parry, strike aside, divert, receive (.Arab.,
used in a few phrases, e.g.
bi nafsiyake, by himself, and
appears

BEBEBA

26

and return a ball (blow, &c.),

defend oneself, counteract. B.
mainzi, keep off flies. B. mchele
katika pishi, knock off the
overflowing rice in a full measure.
Ps. bekuliwa. Nt. bekulika.
Ap.
beku-lia, -liwa.
Cs. beku-lisha, -lishwa.
Rp. bekuana. (Cf. kirtga, epa, linda.)
*Belghamu, n. phlegm. (Arab,
for B. kohozi, or kipande cha kohozi,
i.

e. expectorated matter.)

Bemba, v. wheedle, cajole,

fawn on, coax, caress, solicit, try
to in-

BI

in a few words such as b Has hi,

bi smilla.)

Bibo, n. (ma-), cashew apple,

fruit of the ntbibc. (Cf. rnbibo,
koroshe, cashew nut.)

bichi, a. (mbichi with D 6, D

Bia, n. used, with various
4 (P)), (0 not full-grown,
verbs, of joint action,counripe, immature; (2) raw,
operation
.partnership,
fresh, newly gathered, e.g. of
association, in business or
eggs, grass, meat, vegetables,
pleasure. Fanya bia, do in
See. Chokaa .mbichi, unslaked ,
common, act as a company, go
lime, fresh plaster. Kyama
shares in. Changa b., make a
mbichi, raw flesh, underdone
joint contribution. Gawab.,
meat.
divide into shares. Sajiri b.,
travel together, each paying his Majani mabichi, fresh, green grass.
own expenses. Kula b., dine (Contr. -bivu, and cf. ubtehi.)
together at the expense of all.
Nunua b., purchase jointly. (Cf.
*Bidi, v. put pressure on, make
shariki, and contr. kikoa.)
obligatory on, compel, oblige, esp.
of moral pressure, duty, honour,
Bia, n. (wtf*), a large privilege.
Akanibidi
kuleta
cooking pot (Cf. kibia.)
washahidi, and he bound me to
produce witnesses. Frequent as an
Biashara, n. buying and impersonal verb. Ikabidi, it was
selling, trade, commerce. Fanya necessary, there was an obligation.
b., engage in trade. B. Hie, trade Ikambidikukatwa mkono, he was
is brisk. Mfanyi b., trader, compelled (sentenced) to have his
merchant (Ar. bay 7va shira, sale hands cut off. Imcni- bidi, I feel
and purchase. Cf. bci.)
bound to. Ps. bidiwa, be under
obligation to. Ap. bidia, -iwa. Cs.
Bibi, n. (, and ma-)t term bidisha, and Intens. jibidisha, take
of respectful reference and special pains. (Ar. Cf. follg. and
address to women (i) in fasa, lazima, shunt- tisha.)
.
general, lady, my lady,
Madam, Miss; (a) used of the
*Bidii, n. effort, energy,
Mistress of a household, by or exertion, exercise (of strength or
in reference to its members, will), moral force, willingness to
slaves and others, the mistress, work. Fa- nya b., work hard, take
my
mistress;
(3)
also pains, show energy (interest,
grandmother, and (4) used of earnestness). Mtu wa b., a man of
the wife, by or in reference to energy, willing worker. (Ar. Cf.
the husband, more courteous bidi, and B. syn. uteftdaji.)
than mke, mkc wangtt. When
there are several ladies in a
*Bikari, n. pair of compasses,
household, they are dis- compass for drawing. (Arab.)
tinguished as bibi mkubwa, the
mistress, and bibi mdogo of other
Bikira, n. (ma-), a virgin. (Ar.
ladies. Sometimes the phrase Cf. B. mwanamwali, and follg.)
kina bibi, the lady folk, the
*Bikiri, v. deprive of virginity,
ladies, is used with courteous
vagueness of one or more deflower. Ps. bikiritva. (Ar. Cf.
bikira
, ubikira.)
ladies. (Hind. Cf. Arab, sitti,
rarely heard.)
Bila, prep, and Billa, without,

BEBEBA

26

except by, apart from,with a

noun, or Infln. or ya. Siwesi kukaa
billa mke, I cannot remain without a
wife. Billa yeye kutoa Jikira. without
his disclosing his idea. Billa uthuru,
without excuse. Also with ya, b. ya
amri, except by order. B. ya kujua
maana, without knowing the
meaning. (Ar. Cf. B. syn. /a- sipo.)

BI

common B. mwana.)
*Binadamu, n. member of
human race, human being, man.
Hence kibinadamu, of a human
kind, human, natural to man, and
ubinadamu,
human
nature,
humanity. (Ar. bin Adamu. Cf. B.
mtu.)

Binda, n. an Indian vegetable, a

*Bilashi, adv. without (getting)
anything, for nothing, in vain, kind of hibiscusalso known as
gratis, gratuitously. Utarudi bilashi, bamia.
ft will be no use your returning.
Bindo, n. (tna-), fold of the loin(Ar. bila shai, for the commoner
cloth, used as a pocket, bag, recepburre.)
tacle for carrying things, pocket,
Bilauri, n. (1) crystal, glass; (2) purse. Pesa largu nimelipiga b., I
any small drinking vessel of glass, have fastened my farthing in my
a glass, tumbler, wine-glass. Jiwe loincloth. Kinga b., hold out a fold
la b., rock crystal. Kikombe cha b., a of the loin-cloth to receive
glass cup, tumbler. Lete b., bring a something. Jliyo bindoni, what is in
the pocket, safe, secure. (Cf. pinda,
glass. (Ar.)
npindo, &c., which is perh. the
Bildi, n. plummet, sounding- same word, also uwinda, ubinda,
lead,
and for bag, bundle cf.furushi,
bahasha.)
i. e. lisasi ya kupimia maji,
lead for measuring (the
Bingwa, a. and -bingwa, clever,
depth of) water. Tia b.y knowing, shrewd, capable. Fundi
plumb, sound. (Ar. Cf. huyu mbingwa, he is a good workchubwi, timazi.)
man. (Cfl ubingwa, and syn. -stadi,
waria.)

*JBilingani, n. (ma-), and Bilinganya (ma-j, a dark purple vege*Bini, v. =Buni, which see.
table of the tomato kind, fruit of (Ar.)
the Mbilingani (which see),
. *Binti, n. daughter, young
sometimes called mad apple.
lady. When followed by the
Bilisi, n. (wo-), devil, the fathers
name,
without
devil, Satan. (Arab, for common preposition, forms the usual
shetani. Cf. ubilisi.)
designation of all women in
Zanzibar except of the lowest
Bilula, n. a tap, turncock.
classslaves, beggars, and
freed slaves, e. g. binti AH, binti
*Bima, n. -insurance against Abdallah, binti Stilemani. Not used
loss, accidents, &c. Lipa b., toa b., by itself in address, except in a
pay (effect) insurance of goods in familiar way to young persons;
commerce. Fanya masliarti ya b., my daughter. (Ar. Cf. bin, and
draw up a deed of insurance.. Also B. syn. mwanai)
as v., insure, effect insurance on.
(Hind.)
*Birika, n. (, and ma~,
according to size), (i) large
*Bin, n. son (of). (Arab, for metal vessel for holding water,

large kettle.; (2) cistern, tank,

bathof masonry, such as are
found in all the better houses of
Zanzibar, either for holding
rainwater or for bathing
purposes. Sometimes (3) of
ordinary European bath. (Ar.)
*Birinzi, n. a particular dish
of cooked foodmeat, rice,
pepper, &c. (Cf. pilau.)
*Bisbis, n. (), and Bisibisi,
screwdriver. (Hind. Dist. bisi.)
Bisha, v. (1) strike, knock,
beat, hit against. B. mlango,
knock at a door. B. hodiy knock
and ask leave to enter by saying
* hodi,the rule of courtesy
universal in Z. (2) Oppose,
resist, strive against, argue with,
quarrel with; (3) joke, jest (cf.

ubiski); (4) (of a ship),-beat,

tack. B. ehombo, work a ship to
windward. (Cf. bisho.) Ps.
bishwa. Ap. bish-ia, -iwa, -iana.
Mtu huyu amenibishia hatta
tumeteta, this man opposed me,

till at last we quarrelled. Rp.

bisk-ana, -ania, -anya. Bishana

ttianetio (or kwa Tnatieno), joke

together,
wrangle.
together,
ubiski,

argue

together,
shake
by shaking.
bisho, -bishi,

Bishanya,

mix
(Cf.

nabishanol)

-bishi, a. of one who is always

opposing, whether (r)
goodhumour- edly, joking,
jesting, or more commonly (2)
captious, argumentative

BISHO

BOMOA

,combative, contradictory, obstinate kuwrk a vitu), house for goods (for

one who'killa umwambialo kakubali, storing things). Mabchari ya makuti,

finds fault with everything you say. (Cf. thatched store-houses. (Cf. gha/a.)
Bohora, n. (ma-), also Bohra, a
member of one of the two chief sects or
divisions of Mahommcdan Hindoos in Z.,
windward, beating, tacking. Upepo wa the other being Khoja. Each sect has its
b.t head wind. Piga h beat to windward. own mosques, club, burying ground, &c.

Bis ha, u bis hi, Bisho.)

Bisho. n. also Mbisho, working to

(Cf. Bisha, mbisho, &c.)

Bisi n. also Mbisi, parched grains of
Indian com, described as mahindi
yaliyokaatigwa, a favonrite preparation,
cried in the streets of Z. as bisi moto, hot
bisi. There is also Bisi la ml am a, made
of millet.
*Bitana,n.lining. Nguoya bit ana,
clothes made with two thicknesses of
material. (A T . Cf. bafta, used as lining,
and iabaka, manuiufu.)
Bithaa, n. goods (for trading),
merchandise. Fetha na bithaa, cash and
goods, money and kind.
-bivu, a. (mbivtt, with D 6, D 4 (P)),
matured, ripe, well cooked, opp. to * buhi.
Embe
rnbivu,
ripe
mangoes.
Nyamambivu, well-done meat. 'Cf. iva,
ubivu, and the less common forms -wivu.
or -ivu, uivu, but dist. *'wivu, jealous.')
Biwi, n. (ma- ), heap of plantation or
garden rubbish, sweepings, refuse, leaves.
*Bisari, n. small seed such as pepper,
caraway, and other condiments used in
making curries. Hence sometimes * curry
powder.. D. none, anise. (Ar.)
Bizima, n. a buckle, brooch, clasp,
fastening. (Ar.) .
Bobari, n. carpenters rounded chisel,
gouge, also known as ngabu.
Bofu, n. (ma-), a large bladder. (Also
heard as variant of pofu, froth, and
-bovu, rotten. Cf. kibo/u.)
Bog*, n. (ma-), pumpkin, gourd, the
plant being;mboga. (Dist. mboga,
vegetable* in general.)
*Boh*ri, n. (, and ma-), storehouse,
warehouse, large shop, magazine, godown, described as ttyumba ya miali (ya

Boi, n. (ma-), house servant, personal

attendant, domestic. So fattya boi, be
servant. Taka boi, apply for service. (From
Eng. boy. Cf. mtumishi, mwatidishi, and
see Manowari.)
Boko, n. (ma-), hippopotamus, csp. of
a large size, the dim. kiboko being the
common name in Z.
Bokoboko, n. a particular dish of cooked
food (Str.), and hence to describe other
things of a soft, jelly-like consistency.
Boms, n. (ma-), any kind of raised
structure for defensive purposes, (l)
earthwork, outer wall, rampart, mound,
palisade, stockade, fence, and hence (a) fort,
redoubt, castle. (Cf. bomoa, and syn.
ngome, fort, and dist. ua, fence of yard or
garden, ukuta, wall of house, partition wall.)
Bomba, n. (1) pump. Bomba ya
kuvuta maji, a pump for drawing water.
Also used of (2) chimney of a steamer, or
any large pipe. (? For- tug.)

Bombwe, n. (ma-), cut figure, carved

pattern,
carving,
sculpture.
Kata
mabombu<e, cane figures (patterns). (Also
kibombw* (n-). Cf. more usual ckoro,

nakski.)

Bomoa, v. break down, break through,

make a breach in, cause to fall down, csp. of
a wall or fence, or other artificial structure.
Ps. homo* Irma. Nt. bomoka, fall down,
be broken through, collapse. Ap. bomo-Ua,
-Irma. Mi am bo ma kubo- moUa, a
crowbar to break down a wall *with. Ca
bomo-ska, -tkxva. (Cf. bom a, and
poromoka, poromoska, sometimes heard
as pomosha or bo- mo ska, bomoka.)

Bomu, n. (ma-)} boom, sound

of a drum, esp. of the larger, deepsounding kind, or of a cannon. Bomu la gogo, a long drum with low
note.

Bonde, n. (, and ma-), valley,

hollow between hills, low-lying
country. (Cf. Bondet, the country
between the Usambara hills and
the coast near Tanga and Pangani,
German East Africa.)
Bonge, n. (ma-). See Donge.
Bongo, n. (ma-),
marrow. (Cf. ubongo.')

brains,

Bonth, n. bridge,rarely
heard. (Cf. Fr. pont, and syn.
daraja, ulalo.)
Bonyea, v. yield to pressure,
give way, sink in, be crushed, e. g.
of soft ground, ripe fruit, &c., and
other inanimate objects.
Nt.
bonyeka.

nothing like tobacco. Asi- kari

ndume bora, magnificent fighting
men.. (Ar. Cf. afathali, better,
superior, and -ema, -zuri.)
*Bori,n.(i) clay bowl of a
tobacco pipe. See Kiko, Tosa. (2)
Tusk of ivory. See Buru
*Boriti,.n. also Borti, pole of
the kind used for rafters in East
Africa. (These poles are still an
important article of trade on the
African and Arabian coasts. They
are a kind of mangrove, straight,
hard, and (if kept dry) very
durable, and carry the heavy
concrete ceilings and roofs of all
stone houses, incidentally limiting
the dimensions of rooms and
arrangement of the whole.)

Cs. bony-esha, -eza, press in, make

Borohoa, n. a native dish,
impression on, examine by feeling beans, &c., pounded into a paste
and pressing, (Cf. syn. tomasa, of or thick broth and flavoured.
animate objects, and bopa.)
Boromoka, Boromoko. See PoBopa, v. (i) be soft to the romoka, &Q.
touch,
Boronga, v. make a mess,
. soften, feel soft, as of ripe fruit, muddle, fuss, bungle, mix. B. kazi,
an abscess, &c.; (2) sink in, do a job badly (in a muddling,
become hollow (concave). Ap. unworkmanlike way). Sometimes
bopea.
Redupl. boro- nga-boronga. Ps.
borongwa. (Cf. follg., also buruga,
Mashavu yake yamebopea, his cheeks vuruga.)
are sunken (hollow). Cs. bop-esha,
Borongo, n. muddle, mess,
-eshwa (and possibly bobya, bofya, bungle. Kazi ya A, a badly done
cf. apa,afya for apisha), press with job.
finger, make impression on, feel.
(Cf. bonyea, bonyesha (which
Borotangi, n. See Buratangi.
implies greater force and effect),
tomasa, and follg.)
Boruga, v. See Buruga.
Bopo, n. (ma-), soft place, mud-bovu, a. (mbovu with D 6, D4
hole, pit. (Kr.)
(P)), bad, chiefly of physical condition, i. e. rotten, unsound,
Bora, a. of special quality unhealthy, spoilt, decomposed,
(importance, or value), fine, high putrid: Matunda mabovu, rotten,
class, first-rate, excellent, good, unsound fruit. Sa- maki mbovu, stale
noble, &c., often with implied fish. Hence also
comparison,* better, the better,
best. Tumbako bora, there is
( 2 ) worthless, unfit for use

BISHO

or service. Mtu mbovu, an

ill-conditioned, unsound,
worthless man. (Cf. the
more
comprehensive
word -baya, and note,
and
the
apparently
cognate
word
-ovu,
which indicates usually
bad moral condition. Mtu
mwovu,
an
evilly
disposed, unprincipled,
bad- natured man. Contr.
-zima, -zuri\ -ema.)
Boza, n. an intoxicating
preparation of bhang. (See
Baingi.) Hence perh. boziboziy idle,
dull, incapable of work. (St.)
Bu, int. descriptive of the thud
of a heavy blow or fall. Anguka bu,
fall heavily. Piga bu, give a heavy
blow.
.
Bua, n. (ma-), stalk, stem, of the
larger grasses, e.g. of mtama, millet

BOMOA

BUBA

SI

BUNDUKI

or muhindi, Indian com. Used for house

walls, fencing, and firing. (Cf. ubua, of striped, variegated objects, e.g. a
vessel painted in two or more
smaller kinds.)

colours, a coloured wall, &c. (?

Baba, n. a bad skin disease, of a persistent Ar.)

and contagious kind.

Bulangeti, n. also Burnngiti,.

Bubu, n. (ma-). a dumb person, mute, blanket, rug. B. magongoni, blankets

dumb. Serna, kwa bibubu, speak in dumb at their backs,of a soldiers kit.
language, i. e. by signs.
(From the Eng.)
Bubujika, v. bubble out, burst forth in a
Bali, n. (, and ma-), teapot.
flood. B. machozi, burst into a flood of Also b. ya kahawa, coffee-pot,
tears. B. tnaneno, come out with a torrent of which is commonly mdila or deli.
words.
Buddi, n. escape, way out, alternative,
means of avoiding. Seldom used except with
negative parts of kuwa na, to have, in such
phrases as kakutia b., necessarily,
undoubtedly, it must be so; sina b., I must, I
cannot avoid it. Haiti a b. kuniambia
kabariyaJko, there is no escape from telling
me about yourself. Billa b., inevitably,
surely. Bassi mimi nina b.ya kulia ?
What! Can I help crying? .(Ar. Cf. labuda.
Buddi is sometimes heard as butidi.)
Bohuri, n. incense. (Arab. Cf. ubani,
uvurnba, uttdi,' and vukiza.)
Buga, n. (ma-), a thick kind of withy,
used as cord for binding. (Cf. mbugu,
nbugu.)
Buibui,n. (,and ma-), (i)spider. Tando
la (utando wa) b., spiders web; (a) a kind
of large veil, covering the whole figure
entirely, worn by some women (Arab,
Comoro, and others) in Z. when out of doors.
Buki, n. Madagascar. Often in loc. form,

Btikini. Also -bull, a., of Madagascar, cf.

Mbuki, a Malagasy. Bala la Bukini, n
goose. A district of Ngambo in Z. is called

Kwa Wabuki.
Buka, n. (ma-\ the very large, long-tailed
rat common in town and country, Z. (Baku is
also sometimes used of a book,from the
English. But cf. kilabu, ehuo, msa- ta/u.)

Bttkua, v. hunt opt a secret, discover,

reveal. (Cf. mbukulia.)
Bulangenl, a. used of coloured, |

Bumba, n. (, and ma-), also

Pumba, lump. B. la tumbako,
plug, or packet, of tobacco. B. la
udonga, clod of earth. B. la
nyuki, cluster of bees, when
swarming. Dim. kibumba. (Cf.
bumbwi, and pumba.)
Bumbuaai, n. utter perplexity,
helpless amazement, confusion of
senses. Kupigwa (bus hi kwa) na
b., to be dumbfounded, to lose
one's senses.
Bumbwi, n. grain (rice, millet,
&c.) pounded and mixed up with
grated cocoanut.
Bumia, n. beam forming
stem- post of native vessel,
fastened to the keel (mkuku), and
carrying the rudder-post (fashitti).
'
Bumunda, n. (, and ma-), a
kind of dumpling or soft cake.
(Str.)
Bundi, n. (, or ma-,
according to size), an owl. (Dist.
bundi, os a variant of buddi.)
Bundika, v. plait the hair,
used of a simple kind of plaiting in
three part*. (Cf. suba, oi more
elaborate plaiting.)
Bnnduki, n. gun, nfle, musket. Piga
b., fire a gun. Elekeza b., point (aim)
a gun. /Vga bttnduH buttduki, keep

BISHO
up a fusillade. Guns arc described as b.
ya jiwe, or ya gumegume, a flint gun; b.
ya mrao, a matchlock gun ; b.ya
kushindiliwa, ,or ya fa/abi, a muzzle-

BOMOA

loading gun ; b. ya kuvunja, or ya

kutunja, a sporting (hinged) gun (rifle).
B.ya viasi, a breech-loading rifle. B.ya
midomo mixvili, or ya kasiba mbili, a
double - barrelled gun. Commo

BTJRUGA
resign, let off
payment. B. mahari,
not to claim a dowry. Ps. buraiwa.
trade
guns
are
sometimes called bunduki ya kindoro, Ap. bura-ia, -iwa. Cs. buraisha.
(Ar., not common. Cf. syn. samehe,
or ya makoa. (Ar.)
nBUNQAIiA

*Bungala, n. Bengal. Used of a

species of rice, and of banana. (Cf.

rithi.)

Buratangi, n. also Borotangi,

Portangi, Burutangi, a toy kite of
paper, Indian make, causing a
Bungo, n. (via-), fruit of mbungo, whirring sound. (Cf. shada.)
a kind of medlar. (Cf. mbungo.)
*Buri, n. (ma-), and Bori, eleBungu, n. (ma-), (i) fruit of phants tusk, tusk of ivory, larger
mbungit, an india-rubber producing than kalasha. (Cf.pembe,kalasha.)
plant (cf. vibungu); (2) a large
Buriani, n. used of final
earthenware dish. B. la kupozea uji, a
dish to cool rice-gruel in. Dim. arrangements, esp. on parting
company, last words, farewells, &c.
kibungu. (3) A kind of caterpillar.
Kuwapa ra- fiki yao b., to give their
*Buni, v. sometimes Bini, (1) friends a farewell (send-off). Takana
copstruct,
contrive,
compose, (agand) b., 'exchange final farewells.
invent, make for the first time ; (2) (? Cf. Ar. burai.)
fabricate, make up (what is false),
*Burre, adv. (1) gratis, gratuiimagine, write fiction, &c. Ps.
for nothing, without
buniwa. Nt. bunika. Ap. bun-ia, iwa, tously,
payment;
(2) uselessly, vainly, in
-ika, -ikana. Cs. bun-isha, -ishwa,
Scc. B. mji, found a town. B. kitabu, vain, for no good cause or result,
be the author of a book. B. kitu idly, fruitlessly. Kazi burre, labour
kisichotambulikana,
invent
an for nothing, i. e. wasted, or unpaid.
unheard-of contrivance. Maneno Tukana watu burre, abuse people
haya ya kubuniwa, these are purely without cause. Also as n. vianeno ya
imaginary statements. Alibunineno burre, idle (frivolous, foolish)
asilotuvvwa, he invented a message words. (Ar. of Oman ?)
he was not charged with. (Ar. Cf.
Buruda, n. prayers for sick and
zua, tunga, vumbua.)
dying, Mahommedan' Visitation of
*Buni, n. (1) fruit of mbuni the Sick. Ckuo cha buruda, service
(which see), coffee berry, raw for the sick. (Arab. Cf. baridi, buntcoffee. B. ya kahawa, coffee beans. disha, &c., and for other services
B. iliyotwangwa, pounded (ground) fatiha, hitima, soma.)
coffee berries. (2) An ostrich. (Ar.)
Burudi, v. be (get) cool, be
Bunju, n. a poisonous fish of cold, but usu. in the neut. form
burudika, be cooled, refreshed,
the Diodon (Globe-fish) kind.
relieved, comforted. Ps. burudiwa.
Bunzi, n. (ma-), a large stinging Ap. burudia. Cs. burud-isha, -ishwa,
cool, refresh, &c. (Ar. Cf. baridi,
fly, building a clay nest.
buruda, and B. syn. poa, get cool.)
Bupu, n. (ma-). Bupu la dafu,
Buruga, v. (1) stir up, mix toused of the cocoanut, when full of
milk, and just forming a soft layer gether, beat up together, e. g. in preof nutty substance in the shell. (Cf. paring food ; (2) put into confusion,
disorder, muddle; (3) stir the soil,
dafu.)
prepare a bed for planting, by hoeing, removing weeds, &c. Ps.
burugiwa. Nt. burugika. Ap. bu- rugia, -iwa. Cs. . burug-isha, -ishwa. Rp.
buruganya, stir up
mchele, ndizi.)

33
Bupuru, BUBUJI
n. (ma-), an empty shell
*Bura, n.CH
a kind of Muscat
(external case). B. la kichwa, skull. cloth. See Nguo.
(Cl.fuvu.)

Burai, vmake a peaceful settlement (with, about), give up claim to

together, mix together. (Cf. bo- ronga, mburugo, and koroga, vuruga.)
Buruji, n. fortress, fort, castle. (Arab. Cf. ttgome, boma.)

Burora, v. pull, haul, drag along on the ground. Ps. bururiwa. Nt. bururika. Ap.
burur-ia, -iwa. Cs. burur-isha, ishwa, e. g. bururisha ndoo kisimatti, haul a bucket
up from a well. (Cf. mbururo, and syn. kokota, vuta.)
"BuK ura, n. (i ) good sense, practical wisdom, prudence, sagacity, skill, &c.; (2) plan,
device, stratagem. Leta b., employ a device. (Ar. Qi.akili.)

*Buaati, n. a kind of matting, made at Muscat. (Str.)

Buaha, n. gun-wad, tow (for cleaning gun or cannon).
Bushaahi, n. a kind of muslin. (Str.)
*Buahuti, n. thick woollen stuff, blanket. (Ar. Prop, of Arab burnous, black cloaks of
woollen cloth or camels hair.)
*Bu*tani, n. a garden. (Ar. or Pers.)
Busu, v. kiss. Ps. busiwa. Nt. busika. Ap. bus-ia, -iwa, -tana. Busiana mikono,
kiss each others hands. Cs. but-isha, -ishwa. Rp. bu. tna. n. (a-), a kiss. (Ar.)
Buthara, n. prodigality, lavish outlay. (Arab. Cf. -bathirifu, ghat an: a, and B. syn.

ufotovu wa mali.)

Buu. n. (wa-), maggot, grub, larva. B. la nyuki, bee grub. //. likamea mbawa, the grub
grew wings. (Cf. Jana.)
Buyu, n. (wa-), fruit of the baobab tree (mbuyu, which see), calabash. The pith is edible,
and the husk is used to draw water with. Hence buyu often means a native bucket, pail.
Btuti, n. (wa-), very large goat, for usual mbuzi. Dim. kibusi.

Bwaga, v. throw off, throw down, relieve oneself of (as to, with). B.
mzigo, tip a load off ones shoulders, throw it on the ground. B. nazi, throw down
cocoanuts (from a tree). B. moyo, rest the mind, be checrea. B. ttirnbo, give a lead in
singing. B. ma/ukano, let off a volley of abuse. Ps. bwagwa. Nt. bwagika. Ap. bwagia, -iwa. /ibwagia moyo, relieve ones mind. Cs. bwag-izat -aza. Tibwagaza, throw
oneself down, sprawl on the ground.
Bwana, n.(, and wa-), used (1) in reference/ master,owner, possessor' of slaves,
house, plantation or other property, and generally great man, dignitary, worthy,
personage; (2) in address, Master, Mr., Sir. Often bwatta mkubzva, to show special
respect, and contr. bwana mdogo of the next in rank, or inferior. Bwana is also used
by women of and to their husbands, and in Z. is a common designation of the Sultan as
supreme. (For the root -ana, cf. mwana, dubwatta.)
Bweta, n. small box, such as a desk, work-box, cash-box, jewel-case, &c. (?Portug.
or French, or Ar. dim. of bet. Cf. syn. kasha, sa- ttduku.)
CH.
C is used only in combination with H, to represent the sound of eh in English or ty, i. e. a
sound between t and eh, as in nature.

CH
( 1 ) OHrepresents
the pfx. ki(which
see)
(a)
regularly
before adjectives (including the
Pronominal)
and
tense-signs
beginning with a vowel,c. g.
kitu ehangu (for ki-angu), my
thing; kisu ehakata{for ki-akata), the knif e cuts; kikao
ehetna eho ehote (f or ki-ema
ki-o
ki-ote),
any
good
dwelling
whatever;
(b)
sometimes before other than
adjectival roots beginning with
a vow el, c. g. ehango (for kiango), ehuo (f or ki-uo , a
book; ehombo(Joxki-ombo),a
vessel;
ehumba
(f or
kiumba),
room
in
a

( 2 ) Is a vulgar pronunciation
of ki often heard among the
poorer
class
and
slave
population of Zanzibar, e. g.
cJiitu for kitu, thing; chende for
tende, dates.
( 3 ) In the Zanzibar dialect
often represents a / or ty at
Mombasa, as chupa for tupa,
bottle; chungwa for tungwa,
orange; inchi for nti, country.
( 4 ) Is practically often not
distinguished from sh or j, except
in words where the distinction is
necessary to make the meaning
clear.
Hence words not found under

Ch may be looked for under ki,j,

t, or sh.

Words beginning with ch are

with very few exceptions of
Bantu origin.
Ch-, (1) = ki. (See prec. and
Ki-);
(2)
is
the
pfx.
corresponding to D 3 (S) in all
adjectives and tense-prefixes in
verbs, when they begin with a
vowel. (See prec.)

Cha,
prep,
form of -a (which
see),
agreeing
with D 3 (S), meaning .of, &c.,
e. g. kisu cha chuma, a knife of
iron; chnniba cha bwana, the
masters room ; and with kitu
understood, cha kula, food; cha
kuogea, a bath.
Cha, v. (also kucha in some
forms.
For use of ku before monosyllabic
verb-roots, see Ku-, 1 (</).)
(i)fear, be apprehensive of,
reverence. Not often heard in Z.
except in reference to God.
Kutncha Muungu, to fear God. Ps.
chewa. Jina lako lichewe, may your
name be feared. (Cheka is
usually quite a different word,
which see.) Ap. chea, chelea,
chele- iva, &c. Mchea mwana kulia,
hulia yeye, he who fears for his
childs crying, will cry himself.
Mchelea bahari si msafiri, he who
is nervous about the sea is no
traveller. See also Chelewa. Cs.
chesha. Rp. chana. (These derived
forms must be distinguished
from identical forms with
different meaning, see (2) follg.
Cf. -cha, uchaji, and syn. hofu,
oga,

ogopa). (2) Dawn, change to dawn,

be morning. Kunakucha, it is dawning. Kwnekucha, dawn has come.
Hajacha, it is not yet dawn. Killa
kukicha, also killa uehao, i. e. ussubuhi, every morning at dawn. Ku
kacha mwanga, and the light (of
morning) dawned. Usiku na uche
hima, I hope the night will soon be

over (turn to dawn). The Infin.

form kucha is regularly used as a n.,
dawn, morning. Kucha kucha, just
dawn, early morning. Also commonly, with or without usiku, of the
whole period of darkness ending
with dawn. Usiku kucha, all night
long, till dawn of day. Hakulala
kucha, he had no sleep all night. Cf.
Ps. form kuchwa follg., with which
it is also combined, kuchwa kucha,
all day and all night. Kucha hatta
kuchwa, from morning till evening.
(Cf. mchana,jicho, macho,\.z. ya jua,
and for ' morning alfajiri, assubuhi,
mapampazuko, weupe, and for
rising of sun panda, chomoza.) Ps.
-chwa, set (of the sun), end (of

daylight). (The root idea

connecting the Act. and Ps. is not
yet clear.) Kumekuchwa, it is past
sunset. Mchatut/utakuchwa, the day
will come to an end. Jua
limekuchwa, the sun is setting.
Kwachwa, evening is coming on.
Like kucha (see above) kuchwa is
used as a n. for whole preceding
period of the day. Kuchwa, a whole
day. Nimeshinda leo k., I have
stopped all day to-day. Robo k., a
shilling a day. Pesa ya k., a days
wages (for which k. alone can be
used, e. g. k. yake rupia moja, his
wages for the one day are one
rupee). Kuchwa kucha, all day and
all night. Mchana kuchwa, all day
long. Ap. Act. chea, chewa, chelea,
chelewa, chelesha, chelewesha, &c.
Jua lime- nichea, the sun rose while
I was still indoors, I was surprised
(overtaken) by sunrise, I was
caught in bed (asleep), also
expressed by the Ps. form alone
nimechewa, i.e. na jua

.Hence

-CHA

85

a form of respectful moaning

greeting, not often heard in Z. itself,
Kucnewa, he. habari ya ku- chewa ?
How does the morning find you ? Are you
well to-day ? to which the reply is simply
Kuchewa, I am well to-day. Hence also
the common use of chelewa, be late, prop,
of being belated, taken by surprise, shown
to be late in getting np, and chwelewa in
similar sense. See Chelewa. Ap. Ps.
chwea, chwere a ^ chwclca,
chwelewa, &c. Jua limekttchwea
njiani, lala, the sun has set before your
journey is over (while you are still on the
road), so lie down. Tulichwelewa, we
were belated. Cs. chana, e. g. usiku utiachana, the night is turning to day. (Cf.
mcuhwa, machweo, i.e. ya jua, and for*
evening,1* jioni, usiku, magaribi, and
for setting of sun, shuka, tua.)
cha, a. fearing, having fear (awe,
reverence), esp. of religious feeling. Me
ha Muungu, a God-fearing, religious,
devout person. Muungu Aumkirimu
mcha wake, God is always bounteous to
him who fears him. (Cf. cha, v. (i), chaji,
uchaji, and syn. oga, -hofu.)
Cha, n. See Chat.
Chacha, v. (i) ferment, as dough,
native beer, Ac.; (a) froth, foam, form a
scum; (3) turn sour, go bad, spoil, as stale
food, Ac.; (4) fig. be sour in temper, cross,
irritated.
Ps.

chachwa. Nt. cAacAika. Ap. chach-ia,

-iwa, -tana Wamechcuhi- ana, they are
cross with each other. Cs. chach-isha,ishwa, (1) make sour (sharp, acid); (a)
provoke, exasperate. (Cf. cAachu,
cnachuka. Dish Chachia below.)
Ghachaga, v. washused only of
washing clothes by rubbing in the hands
and dabbing on a hoard or stone. Ps.
cAacAagwa.
Nt.
chagika.
Ap.
chachag-ia, iwa. Cs. choc hag- isha,
-ishwa. (Cffua, osha.)
ohaohe, n. (chache with D 4 (P), D
6), (1) few in number, small (little)
D

CHAFUA

in quantity, not much, not many, slight,

deficient; (a) (few, and so) rare, not easily
got, scarce, (and so) of value. Siku
chache, a few days. \Vatu ivacAache, not
many people. Akili sake chache, or
mchache wa akili, he is deficient in
sense. (Cf. syn. haba, and kidogo.')
Chachia, v. press on, hamper, perplex,
involve in difficulties. Ps. chachiwa.
(Perh. same as tatia,which see, and cf. syn.

songa,funga, lemea.)
Chachu, n. substance producing
fermentation, yeast, leaven, such as
pombe, unga wa mtama. (Cf. chacha,

uchachu.)
Chachuka, v. (1) turn sour, ferment;
(2) foam, froth. IVali ume- chachuka leo,
the rice has gone sour to-day. Bahari
inachachuka, the sea is frothy (yeasty,
churning). (Cf. chacha, chachu.)
Chafl, n. a kind of fish.
Chafu, n. (, and ma-), also heard as
Chavu, and commonly Sham, which see.
-chafu, a. (chafu with D 4 (P), D 5
(S), D 6), dirty, filthy, unclean, impure,
obscene. Nguo chafu chafu, very dirty
clothes. Maneno machafu, obscene
language. (Cf. uchafu, and with milder
meaning chafua, uchafuko. Also syn.
taka, -najisi, and contr. safi, -cupe,
-nathtfu.)
Chafua, v. (1) make dirty, soil, spoil; (a)
make in a mess, disorder, disarrange, disturb ;
(3) of the sea, make rough. Samaki
amcchafua maji, the fish has made the
water muddy. Nyutnba imechafuka, yataka kufagiwa, the house is in a mess, it
wants to be swept. Ps. chafuliwa. Nt.
chafuka. Bahari ilichafuka tatia, the sea
sins very rough. Mamboyamechafukachafuka, affairs are in utter confusion.
Aiicha fttka meyo (tumbo), his stomach
was upset, he was sick. Ap. chafu-lia,
ttwa. AmmicAafulia nguo, ne has
dirtied my clothes for roe. (Cf. uchafu,
-chafu, uchafuko.) a

Chafuo, n. a poisonous kind of fly.

Chafya, v. sneeze. Also n. e.

g.piga ch., enda ch., sneeze (the v.).

Paa akaenda chafya, che-e-e, the

gazelle had a fit of sneezing.

Chago, n. (i) part of bedstead

on which the head rests. See
Kitanda. (2) A kind of crab. (Cf.
kaa, n.)
Chagua, v. (1) choose, select,
pick out, make a choice; (2) of
biassed or partial selection, garble,
give a false colour to, be unfair.
Mchagua jembe si mkulima, a man
who is particular about his spade
is not the man to use it. Ps.
chaguliwa. Ap. chagu-lia, -liwa, -lika.
Cs. chagu- za, -zzua, offer choice to,
give an order (leave, right) to
choose. Rp. cha- guana. Rd. .
chagua-chagua, of dainty, critical
selection. (Cf. -cha- guzi,mchaguo,
and syn. teua.)

clothes are worn out. Ap. ckaka-lia,

-liwa. Cs. chaka-za, -zwa, use up,
wear out. (Cf. -chakafu, -kukuu, and
syn.Jifia.')
Chakacha, v. pound, break
small, as seeds in a mortar. Ch.
inenoni, crunch with teeth. Ps.
chakachwa. Nt. chakachika, be
pounded, be fit for pounding. Ap.
chakach-ia, -iwa, -ika. Cs. chakachisha, -ishwa. Chakacha-chakacha is
also used as adv. of a rustling
crackling sound, as of a silk dress,
cf. utakaso. (Cf. syn. twanga, ponda,
seta, vunja, 8cc.)

-chakafu, a. {chakafu with D4

(P), D 5 (S), D 6), worn-out, old.
Nguo ch., worn-out clothes. (Cf.
chakaa, and syn. -kukuu.')
Chake, a. pron. of 3 Pers. S.
agreeing with D 3 (S), his, hers,
her, its, of him (her, it). See -ake.
*Chaki, n. chalk, whiting, putty
powder.

-chaguzi, a. given to choosing,

dainty, critical, &c. (Cf. prec. and
Chako, a. pron. of 2 Pers. S.
syn. rteuzi, also uchaguzi.)
agreeing with D 3 (S), your, yours,
of you. See -ako.
*Chai, n. also Cha, and Chayi,
tea,plant leaf and beverage.
Chakogea, n. (zy-), a chamber
(Hind, and Ar.)
bath, for kitu (chombo) cha kuogeat
something (a vessel) to bathe in.
-chaji,
a.
having
fear, (Cf. oga, v., and chakula, chamshaapprehensive, reverential,of a kinwa.)
more fixed habit and characteristic
than -cha. (Cf. cha, v., uchaji, and
Chakula, n. {vy-, sometimes
-cha, -oga, -ho/u.)
zakitla), something to eat, food,
victuals, provender, a meal, i. e,
Chaka,n. (ma-), (1) clump of kitu cha kula. Ch. cha assubuhi,
trees,
dense
part
of
a breakfast, i.e. chamshakinwa. Ch.
forest,described asgongo la mwitu. cha mchana {cha athuuri), midday
Dim. kichaka. (2) Summer, the hot meal, lunch, tiffin. Ch. cha jioni,
season, i. e. Dec. to Feb., but evening meal, dinner, supper.
musimu, kaskazi are usual in Z.
Huna chakula cha kulisha viimi wala
cha kula wewe, you have no food to
Chakaa, v. get old, get worn, give me to eat or to eat yourself.
wear out, be used up (worn, (Cf. -la, v., and makuli.)
faded), be past work,of things
and persons. Nguo zimechakaa, the
Chakura, v. scratch, e. g. the

-CHA

85

ground like a fowl. Mwana wa kuku

hafunzwi kachakura, a chicken is not
taught scratching. (Cf. mchakuro
and chokora, and syn. papu?'a.)

CHAFUA

for making blood- friendship have

not yet healed. Mganga akamchanja
chale thelatkini na wembe, the doctor
made thirty cuts on him with a
razor,
e.
g.
to
reduce
Chale, n. (also pi. of whale), (1) inflammation. (2) A kind of fish.
cut, gash, incision,made on (Cf. syn. tojo, and chanja, toja, kata,
purpose, whether as tribal mark, tema.)
for ornamental tattooing, or for
medical purposes, &c. Ch. zetu za Chali, adv. on the back, i.e. o
kuchanjiana hazi- japona, our gashes

fthe recumbent, supine position.

Lala chali, lie on the back. Also
chali- chali. (Cf. syn. kitani, kwa
tani,
kwa
chani,
ki/tgalingali,
tngongoni, and opp. kifttlifuli, on the
face.)

examine, ex^ pose uie

faults of. Ps. chambuliwa.
Nt. chambulika. Ap. cha
mbit-lia, -iiwa, &c. Cs.
chambu-lisha,
-lishwa.
(Cf. ambu a, ambaa,
chamba, n., &c.)

Chama, n. club, guild, society,

association. Waana chama, memChamburo, n. plate used in
bers of a club. (Many such exist in wiredrawing (Str.).
Z., esp. among artisans of the
Chamchela, n. in phrase pepo
same trade, a kind of trades
ya chamchcla, (1) whirlwind ; (3)
union.)
spirits supposed to cause the
Chamba, v. wash oneself (after whirlwind, and propitiated as such
calls of nature),of ordinary and with offerings. (Chamchela = kialso ceremonial washing before amchda. Cf. kinyamkda, also
Mahom- medan prayers. (Cf. kimbunga, ktvumbi.)
nawa, prop, of hands and face;
Chamshakinwa, n. (= kit it cha
tawaza, of feet, and dist jamba,
&c.)
n. (yy-), kuamsha kinwa), 6rst food in the
morning, morning meal, breakfast.
that which adheres, esp. a film (For form cf. chakula, chakuogca,
over the eye. Jicho litia chamba, the and syn. chakula cha assubuhi.)
eye has a 61m over it,also
Chana, v. also Tana, slit,
described as kiitti chetipc, white
pupil of the eye. (Chamba for ki- separate, part, comb. Ch. miyaa, slit
amba. Cf. ambaa, ambika, &c. and leaves for plaiting, so ch. makuti, of
cocoa- nut fronds. Ch. tiyde, comb
follg.)
hair. Ch. kitambaa, cut, or pull, in
Chambo,n. (vy-), bait for shreds. Ch. kwa Jimbo, of a severe
catching animals, 6sh, &c. Ch. cha flogging with a stick. Ps. chaniwa.
kuvulia samaki; 6sh bait. Ch. cha Nt. chattika. Ap. chatt-ia, -iwa, -ika.
kulegea ttdege, bait for luring birds. Cs. chan-isha, -ishwa. Rd. chanaTia chambo hatika ndoana, bait a chatia, cut into small bits (shreds).
hook. Cf. shimbika. (Cf. ambaa, (Cf. kit ana, chanua, chantto, shantto,
chamba, n., ambika, &c.)
chatty ata, and dist. chana. Rp. of
-cha, v. dawn.) n. also Tana, (1)
Chambua, v. sometimes heard a bunchlet, fruit clustre, on the
as jambua, shambua, (i) clean, great fruit stem (rnkungu) produced
dress, pick over, prepare, esp. of by the banana plant (mgomba), the
appropriate preparation of various single fruit being dale, and the
products for use, cooking, market, fruit generally ndizi\ (3) same as
e.g. ch. pamba, clean cotton, by Chane (which see). (Cf. tigotnba,
removing the seeds, dirt, leaves; rnkungu, tana, dole, tidizi.')
ch. mbaazi, beans by shelling;
ch.garafuu, cloves by picking off
Chanda, n. {vy-), Anger, toe,
the stalks. Also used
at Mombasa. Kidole is almost
invariably used in Z. Chanda
( 2 ) more generally, clean napete, Anger and ring,proverb
up, give a finish to, of close connexion, coherence,
improve appearance of; affection. (Cf. wanda.)
( 3 ) fig-

criticize,

cross-

Chandalua, n. {vy-), awning,

CHAMA

canopy, covering, mosquito-net,

of any material used for protection
against sun, rain, insects, &c.
Used with such verbs as funga,
fasten ; tu- ttgika, hang up; tandaza,
spread out.
Chane, n. (), also Chani, and
Chana, a slip of leaf, made by
slitting it up Anely or coarsely, for
use in plaiting mats, cord, &c. (Cf.
chana, and rmvaa.)

Changa, v. collect, gather

together. Esp. ch. asikari {waftt wa
vita), muster soldiers, levy a force.
Ch. fetha, collect money by way of
voluntary contribution. Kuchanga
tnali kulipa deni, to collect money
for payment of a debt. Mali ya
kuchanghva, money collected for a
special (or charitable) purpose.
Kula kwa kuchanga, hold a club-, or
subscription-, feast, each person
contributing. (Cf. kula bia.) Ps.
changwa. Nt. changika. Ap. changia,-iwa, and rp. -iana, i.e. join in
making contributions. Cs. changisha, -ishwa, -iza, -izana, and changanya (which see). Changizana, join
in getting contributions. Rp.
changana,
of
volunteers
mustering for war. (Except in the
above and similar senses, the
common word is kusanya, which
see.
Cf.
chango,
mchango,
changanya, changamana, &c., and
perh. mchanga. Changa is sometimes heard for chanja, v., which
see.)
-changa, a. (changa with D 4
(P), D 5 (S), D 6), young,
immature, undeveloped, unripe, in
an early stage of growth or
experience, both of animal and
plant life. Mtoto mchanga, a young
child. Kitoto kichanga, a baby, a
very young child. Embe changa,
half-grown mangoes. Mahindi
machanga,
maize not fully
developed. Asikari mchanga, a raw
recruit. Sometimes of things inanimate, assubuhi changac/ianga,

37

CHANGA

very early morning. (Cf. syn.

-bichi, -changa, denoting esp. stage
of growth, -bichi, fitness for use,
and contr. -pevu, -zima, -bivu.)
Changamana,v.
also
Tangamana, be in a mixed-up
condition, often with na, (1) be
mixed up with; (2) meddle,
interfere in ; (3) be adjoining
(bordering on, next to). Shamba
limechangamana na pwani, the estate
is adjacent to the shore. (Cf.
changa, changanya, and -mana.)
-changamfu, a. agreeable, enlivening,
good-humoured,
cheerful. (Cf. follg.)
Changamka,
v.
become
cheerful, look bright and happy, be
in good spirits, be in a buoyant
mood. Ame- changam' ka, he has
recovered his
spirits, he is happy. Used of the
sun coming out bright after cloud
or rain. Also of scenery, inchi
inachangam' ka, the view has
become bright, clear to the eye.
Cs. changam'sha, -shwa, cheer up,
revive the spirits, gladden,
exhilarate. (Cf. follg., also amka,
and syn. furahi, be happy; chekelea,
be smiling.)
.
Changamko,
n.
(tna-),
entertainment,
amusement,
pastime, play anything that
raises the spirits. (Cf. mchezo,
mazungumzo.)

Changanua, v. separate what is

mixed, resolve into constituent
parts, analyse, simplify what is
compound. (Cf. changa, v.,
changanya, &c.)
Changanya, v. (1) collect together, mix, form into one mass;
(2) make in a mess, muddle, confuse. Ch. tembo na maji, mix palm
wine with water. Ps. changanywa.
Nt. changanyika. Ap. changany-ia,

-iwa. Cs. changany-isha, iza, (1) mix, chanty chana.)

adulterate; (2) cause confusion in,

Chanikiwiti, a. green, grass
perplex. (Cf. changa, v., changanua,
green. (Perh. from ki-(J)ani kiwili,
and syn. (1) kusanya, (3) chafua.)
for kibichi, i.e. fresh grass (leaves),
Changarawe, n. grit, small and so of colour. Cf. syn. rangi ya
stones, fine gravel, bits of stone in majatti, grass-colour.)
sand or rice. (Not so fine as
Chanja, v. also sometimes
mchanga, sand; finer than vikokoto,
small stones. With termination changa, and shanga, ? chcnjay (1)
-we,
cf.
jiwe,
mbwe.) cut into, make a cut (incision,
gash) in. Ch. uchalt, make an
incision (with knife, razor, lancet).

Ch. mti, make cuts in a tree

Chango, n. (tna-), (1) contribu- (whether to obtain sap or remove
tion, subscription, esp. of money bark). Mzichanjt tuzikaushe hizi
or food, for a common object. Ch. nyamat slice up this flesh, so that
la mchele, a contribution of rice. we may dry it. (a) Cut up, split in
Killa nyumba ilete ch., let every pieces, make bv cutting up. Ch.
house bring a contribution (for a kuni, split logs for firewood. Ps.
sacrifice) ; (2) levy, muster. Ch. la chanjwa. Nt. chanjika. Ap. chanj-ia,
watu, wachanganao kwenda vitani, a -iwa.
Kuchanjiwa
ttdui,
be
muster of men, who muster vaccinated.
Chattjiana,
make
together to go to war. (Cf. changa, incisions together, i. e. in making
v., and notes ; also mchango.) n. blood-friendship. Cs. chanj-isha,
plur. of uchango, which see, (1) ish~.ua, &c. Rp. chanj- ana, -anisha,
smaller intestines; also (2) (sing, &c. (Cf. chenga, and syn. pasua,
and plur.) chango za tumbo, round tema, kata, toja, and follg. chanjo,
intestinal worms. Also chango mchanjo.)
n. used
(tna-) in similar sense; ch. la uzazi, (not
the umbilical ' cord. n. (zy-)
ki-ango, i.e. kidude cha ktiangikia often in Z.) of many objects made
wicker-work,
interwoven
vita, something to hang things on of
(from), i.e. peg, rail, hook, &c. twigs,osiers, wattles,'e. g. a screen,
Akaenda c hang on i akauangua a kind of hurdle, a crib for holding
upanga, and he went to the peg, an animals food, a kind of sieve
and took down the sword. (Cf. or strainer, a wicker stand for
angika, angua, and note,also storing grain safely in a house, an
arbour or shelter made of
mwango.)
interlacing branches, summerChangu, n. a small kind of fish, house, a frame for smoking meat
common in Z. market. a. pron. on over a fire, &c. Ch. ya chuma, a
of I Pers. S., agreeing with D 3 (S), gridiron. Ch. ya kuanikia nyama mo
my, mine, of me. (Cf. angn, ake.) shini, a frame for drying meat on
in the smoke. Ingia nyumbani hatta
Changua, v. take to pieces, dis- mvutiguni hatta juuya ch., go inside
connect,used of dismembering the house, and look even under the
and cutting np animals for food. bed and even on the store-shelf.
(Rv. form of changa, which see.)
*Chanjari, adv. See Sanjari, and
Chani, adv. also Tani, on the Vinjari. (? Ar.)
back (in a recumbent position).
Lola chani, lie on the back. Also
Chanjo, n. (ma~), gash, cut, inchanichani. (Cf. chaii, and dist. cision. Piga chanjo la mti , make a

CHAMA

37

CHANGA

cut in a tree. (Cf. chanja, mchanjo,

Chanzo, n. (vy-), (1) the
also syn. ckale, tojo.)
beginning of something, a start, a
first step ; (2) a first principle,
Chano, n. (vy-), flat round
wooden platter, with a low rim. ground, reason; (3) draught,
Sometimes with a stand in one outline, sketch. Chanzo cha mali,
piece, forming a low table. Used capital. Cf. ras il mali. (Kor kianzo,
as (1) plate for food, chano cf. ansa, and the more general
wanachotia chakula, a platter on mwanso.)
which they place food; (2) a board
Chao, a. pron. of 3 Pers. P.
for carrying mortar on ; (3) a
agreeing with L>3(S), their, theirs,
washing-table.
of them. (Cf. -ao, and -ake
Chanua, v. (1) put out leaves
(of plants generally). (Cf. chifttka.) Chapa, v. beat, nit, strike,for the
(2) Rv. of chana, comb (with more common piga). jYfaku chapa
similar meaning), uncomb, comb
kwa ufito, I will strike you with a
out (Cf. follg.)
stick. Chapa miguu, stamp on the
Chanuo, n. (w-) and Shanuo, a
large comb, often of wood, with ground, tramp, walk heavily. (Cf.
long coarse teeth, but neatly chapa, follg., chapua, and chapu.)
carved. (Cf. kitana, comb of a n. (1) stroke, blow, but csp. (2)
smaller kind.)
of the result of a blow, stamp,
Chanyata, v. slice up (of mark, and hence used of various
bananas, cassavas, and various objects
kinds of food). (Cf. c hatta, v. and
n., and mchanyalo.')

.e. g. postage stamp, stencil,

Chazo, n. a sucker fish.
printers type. Akawapiga killa mtu
Cheche,n.(i) () a small
ch. mkononi, he branded each man
on the arm. Pipa limeandikwa ch., reddish- brown animal like a
the cask has a mark on it. Piga ch. mungoos, common in Z.; (2)
(ma-), a spark. (Cf. kimetimeti.)
kitabu, print a book. (Cf. prec.)
Chechea, v. be lame, walk
Chapeo, n. hat (of a European
kind), helmet. (Cf. French chapeau, lamely. (Cf. chechemea, and chopi.)
and kojia.)
Chechele, n. absence of mind,
absent-minded
person.
Chapua, v. give a blow (to), an
Chukuliwa
na chechele, have a fit of
strike (with). Chapua miguu, stamp,
absence.
tramp, walk quickly. Chapua (and
also the Cs. Intens. form
Chechemea, v. be lame. (Cf.
chapuliza)* ngoma, beat hard on
(get more sound out of) a drum. chechea, chopi.')
(Rv. of Chapa, v., but with similar
meaning.)
Chapu-chapu, adv. and int.,
Quick! Make haste! Hurry up!
Chapu-chapu ni mwendo wa haraka, *
chap-chap means quick march.
(Cf. chapa.)
Chapuo, n. (vy-), a small kind
of drum. (Cf. chapua, chapa, and
see Ngoma.)
(i)

Charaza, v. sometimes used for

play, dance, play on an

instrument; also (2) go a stroll,
strut or saunter about the town,
but not usual in Z.
Chatu, n. a large snake rather
common in Z., growing to over 12
feet in length,python, boaconstrictor.
Chavu, n. (ma-). See Shavu, n.
Chawa, n. (1) a louse; (2) a
kind of fish. Kidole kimoja hakivunji
ch., a single finger does not kill a
louse.
*Chayi, n. tea. See Cha, Chai.
Chaza, n. an oyster.

Chege, n. (ma-), bow-leg, bandyleg. Ana chege la miguu, ana machege,

he is bandy-legged. Hence perh.
CHAPEO
40chegea, walk
CHELEZA
awkwardly, in a lame
Chechesha, v. dandle, fondle, way (Str.).

a.
moist,
attend to, play with a child, help watery,
an invalid.
e. g. muhogo mchege, i. e. not dry
and floury. (Not often in Z. Cf.
chepe chepe.)
Chego,n. (7/20-), also Jego, molar
tooth, back tooth, grinder. (Cf. jino,
and kichego.)
Cheka, v. (1) laugh, smile, grin;
(2) laugh at, mock, ridicule. Tulimcheka sana, we laughed at him
heartily. Ps. chekwa. Nt. chekeka.
Ap. chek-ea, -ewa, also chek-elea,
-elewa, smile, smile at. Cs. chek*
esha, -eshwa, chesha, cause to laugh,
amuse,
excite
ridicule
(amazement). Rp. chekana. (Cf.
cheka, -cheshi, cheza, mchezo.)
Cheko, n. (ma-), a laugh,
laughter. Piga macheko makubwa,
utter roars of laughter. (Cf. cheka,
&c.)
Chelea, v. Ap. from (1) -cha
(which see), set (of the sun). Ju&
linatuchelea, we are caught by sunset, belated ; (2) -cha, fear. Namchelea zaidi ya Sultani, he inspires
more awe in me than the Sultan
does. (Cf. follg. and chelewa,
cheleza.)

Cheleo, n. (ma-), (1) delay; (2)

object of fear. See Chelea, Chelewa.
Chelewa, v. be late, be too late,
remain an unusual or unexpected
time. Sikukawia wala sikuchelewa, I
did not delay and I was not late.
Ukuni huu umechelewa moto sana, this
stick of wood has kept hot a
wonderful time. Maji yachelewa
kisimani, there is still water left in
the well. (See -cha and Chelea, of
sunset, of which it is apparently the
Ap. Ps. form,the idea of oversleeping, and being overtaken by
dawn generalized to mean lateness of any kind, and overlong
remaining. Cf. cheleo, cheleza, and
for delay, lateness, kawia, ukawa,

milk bubbles up when it gets

very hot. Mayai ya ktichem'ka,
boiled eggs. Cs. chem-sha, -shwa,
cause to boil, boil.
Sana,

morning (i.e. all night), and so

cause to remain an unusual time,
keep (preserve, leave) for a
purpose.
Wakamcheleza
mtoio
shimoni, they let the child remain
in the pit (for safety). Ps. chelezwa.
Ap.
chclez-ea,
ewa.
Ntmcbnchclezea wall hatta alfajiri, I
have left rice ready for you in the
morning, i. c. saved it from the
evening meal. Cs. che- Icz-esha,
-eshwa, cause to put aside,
preserve, &c. (Cf. -cha, chelea,
chelewa, &c.)

Chemko, n. boiling, bubbling,

also mchemko, uchemko. (Cf.
prcc.)
Cheneo, n. See Kienoo.

Chenezo, n. ([vy-), a measure,

measuring-rod (line), anything to
measure with (stick, strip of cloth,
string, grass, &c.). Described as
kidtide cha kuenezea kiln, a thing for
measuring anything. (For ki- enezo,
Chelezo, n. (vy-), (i) a buoy, cf. chelezo, and enea, and syn. cheo,
lifebuoy, anchor buoy, described kipimo.)
as ki- gogo kieleacho kuonyesha
Chenga, v. cut, esp. of the
ttanga, a floating log of wood
showing where the anchor is; (2) lighter operations of cutting, e. g.
fishermans float, to support net or brushwood for firing or fencing,
line. (From elea, and cf. ki-elezo stalks of ripe grain, ripe heads of
with a different meaning.) (3) grain, bunches of grapes, &c. Ps.
Something causing delay (cf. chengwa. Ap. cheng-ea, -ewa. (Cf.
chanja,pasua, kata, &c., mchengo.)
cheleo, chelewa, &c.).
Chembe, n. a grain, a single
grain, a minute separate part of a
thing, a single small thing,e. g. a
grain of sand (mchanga), of com
(na/aka), of incense (ubani), a seed,
a bead ( = ushanga ntmoja). Chembe
chembe, in grains, grain by grain,
granular. Chembe is sometimes
heard with the meaning * arrowhead, spear-head/ i.e. ki-embe (cf.
wembe and perh. jembe for ji-embe).
Also chembe ya moyo, the place
where the throb of the heart is felt,
pit of the stomach. (Cf. syn. punje,
also kichembe.)

Chenga, n. (), name of a

large fish, ? skate, sunfish.
Chenge, n. (vy-), for kienge, dim.
of mwenge (which see).
Chenge-chenge, n. small bits,
chips, snippings. (Cf. chenga, and
chcmbe-chembe.)

Chenu, a. pron. of 2 Pers. P.,

agreeing with D 3 (S), your, yours,
of you. (Cf. -ake, and -enu.)

Chenza, n. (ma-), a large kind

of Mandarin orange, fruit of the
Chembeu, n. (vy-), a kind of mchenza. Some are red or blood
oranges. The best are called chenza
blunt chisel used for caulking.
za kiajjemi, i. e. Persian, and a
Chomchemi, n. a spring (of small kind kangaja. (Cf. mchenza,
water). (Cf. chem'ka, or ?Ar. mchungwa, kangaja.)
samsam.)
Cheo, n. (vy-), (1) measure,
Chem*ka,v. and Chemuka, measurement, dimensions, size ;
bubble, and so of hot water, boil. (2) rank, degree, station. Toa ch.,
Maziwa yachcmka kwa kupata moto fix the size. Ch. cha kuanzia kitako

CHAPEO

kikapo,

CHELEZA

40

measurement for
beginning the bottom of the
basket,and so settling the size.
Kupita ch., beyond measure,
excessively, liana ch., he is an illbred (low-born) person. Ch. bora
(kikubwa), high rank. (Cf. syn.
chenezo, kipimo ; also daraja, rank.)
cha

Chepo ohepe, a. wet, soaked,

soppy, moist. (Cf. tnaji rnaji,
rutuba, Iowa, loweka.)
Chorehana. n. used generally
of small foreign machines in Z.,
esp. sewing machines, which are
common. Ch. ya kushona, a sewing
machine. A'aziyach., machine
sewing. (Cf. Pers. karhana,
manufactory.)
Cherehe, Cheree, n. a grindstone. (Cf. kinoo, and prec.)
Chetezo,n. (yy-), a vessel to
burn incense in, often of
earthenware,
described
as
kidude cha kuvukizia manukato,
something to bnm sweet smelling
substances in, a censer, censingpot. (For ki-etezo, or ? ki- otezo, cf.
ola, otesha, of crouching over a fire
or anything warm. Cf. vukiza,
kivukizo.)
*Cheti, n. (z/y-), small written
note or memorandum, note,
certificate, ticket, passport, &c.
(? Hind.

Cheza, v. (1) play, sport, take a

holiday, have a game, make a
move in a game ; (2) idle, waste
time, not be in earnest, trifle; (3)
act, work, move,esp. of the easy
motion of machine running well,
or a hinge, bolt, wheel, watch,
&c.; (4) drill, be drilled (as
soldiers). Ps. chezwa. Nt. chezeka.
Ap. chez-ea, -ewa, play with (in,
for, &c.), make sport of, mock.
Kidude cha kuchezea watolo, a
childs plaything, a toy. Cs. ckezesha, -eshwa, give a holiday (rest)
to. Ckezesha unyago, cause to take
part in unyago (which see).
Chezeska frasi, make a horse curvet
(prance). Ch. tnloto, dandle a child.
Kd. cheza-cheza. Likachezacheza lile
jabali, and the rock swayed. (Cf.
mchezo, chezo, and perh. cheka.
Also of pastime, ongea, zungumza.')
Chezo, n. (ma-), sport, game,
play, pastime. (Cf. cheza, mchezo.)
Chicha, n. the white nutty substance inside a ripe cocoanut,
when it has been scraped or grated
out with an mbuzi, and the oil (tui)
strained out by passing water
through it. It is generally
considered refuse, used for
cleaning the hands with, and
thrown to the fowls. Described as
nazi
iliyokunwa,
iliyokamuliwa,
iliyochujiwa, i. e. cocoanut grated,
squeezed and strained. Also used
of the residuum or lees of other
oil-producing seeds. (Dist. tnckicha, a vegetable, and cf. tui} kasi-

Cf. hati, barua.)

Chetu, a. pron. of I Pers. P., mele.)
agreeing with D 3 (S), our, ours,
Chichiri, n. (vi-), commonly
of us. (Cf. -etu, and -ake.)
kijiri, a bribe, i. e. malt ya kumpa
Cheua, v. ruminate, chew the kathi, money given to a judge (to
cud (of ruminant animals). Nt. secure his verdict). (Cf. rushwa,
cheuka, have a rising in the throat. hongo, mlungula.)
Cs. cheusha, e. g. cause eructation.
Chigi, n. or Chinki, a small
(Cheu, and mcheu, n. seem to be
used also of rumination and yellow bird.
eructation. Cf. kiungulia.')
Chikichi, n. (ma-), fruit of the
tree
(mchikichi),
Chewa, n. a large kind of fish. palm-oil

containing
kichikichi.

small

nuts

called quarry. Ch. ya udongo, clay-pit. (Cf.

prec.)

Chimba, v. dig, make (get) by

digging,of excavation, not as
lima, of cultivation. Ch. shimo, dig
a pit, sink a shaft (mine), make a
hole. Ch. kaburi, dig a grave. Ch.
udongo, dig out soil. Ps. chitnbwa.
Nt. chimbika. Ap. chimb-ia, ~iwa,
Mto huu umechimbiwa na Wafransa t

Chimbua, v. dig out, dig up, get

by digging, as udongo, clay, soil;
unga, flour (out of a barrel) ;
magogo, stumps, &c. Nt. chimbukat
which see. (Rv. of chimba, but
similar in result. Cf. chanua,
chana.)

this canal was excavated by the Chimbuka, v. used esp. of sun or

French. Cs. chimb-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. moon, appear, begin to shine,
chimbua, chimbuka, chimbo. Also
rise/ whether from horizon or
ci.fukua, lima.)
from clouds. Also chimbuza, Intens.
Chimbo, n. (, and ma-)y
digging place, place dug out, a in same sense, force its way out,
digging, pit, mine. Ch. ya mawe, make its appearance. (Cf. chimbua,

CHIMBUKO

chimba,if thus used, as it

43

CHOKA

Chinjo, n. (act, place, operation

seems, metaphorically. Also follg.) of) slaughtering, slaughter-house,
massacre, battlefield. (Cf. chinja.')
Chixnbuko, n. (ma-), a first
start, a beginning, standpoint,
Chinuai, n. a kind of spirit, supbasis, source, first principle. (Cf. posed to drag people under water
syn. chanzo, asili.)
and drown them, swimmers
cramp.
Chimvi, n. See Timvi.
Chini, adv. (i) down, below, beneath, under, at the bottom, on the
ground, downstairs, underground;
(2) in a lower place, on foot, at a
lower part; (3) in a low (inferior,
subject, humble) state (rank,
condition, &c.). Often kwa chini in
same senses, -a chini forms an adjective bearing any of the above
meanings. } 'uko eh., he is downstairs. Lola ch., lie on the ground.

Chinyango, n. a piece of meat

forming a native butchers perquisite.
(Perh. ki-nyango. Cf. change.)

Chipuku. v. also Chupuka, sprout, shoot,

spring up,of any plant showing signs of
life and growth. Ap. chipuk-ia. Cs.
chipukisha, chipuza, and Intens. sprout
vigorously. (Cf. follg., and syn. ota, mca,

chanua.)

Chipukizi, n. (, and ma-), also

Chipuko, shoot, young plant. Dim.
IVangim wanakwenda ch., wangitu juu kichipukizi. (Cf. chipuka, and syn.

ya nyama, some go on foot, some

ride on animals. Kitambi cha kuvaa
ch., a cloth to wear on the loins.
Njia ya ch., a subterranean passage.
Chumba cha ch., the lower room, or
a cellar. Ch. ya Sudani, in the
Sultans jurisdiction. Chini kwa
chini, emphat., at the very bottom,

wholly below, &c.

appears

(-***

to be locative, i. e. chini, on the

ground. Cf. inchi, and opp.juu.')
Chinja, v. (1) slaughter, cut the
throat of, kill,esp. of killing animals for food; (2) of brutal
indiscriminate killing of persons,
massacre, slaughter, murder.
Alimchinja adui, he slaughtered his
opponent. (It seems sometimes
locally used as kata, i.e. cut.
Kuchittja kansu, to cut out a dress.)
Ps. chinjwa. Nf. chinjika. Ap. chinjia, -iwa. Cs. chinj-isha, -ishwa. Up.
chinjana.

(Cf. chitijo. Same word appears at

Mombasa as tinda, also matindo,
and poss. in Z. in tindika, and
mtindo. For syn. cf. ua,jisha, also
chanja.)

tftchci)
Chiririka, v. alsb Tiririka and
Chururika, flow, trickle, run off, glide,
as water, or a snake. (Cf. tnchilizi, and
tiririka, churuzika, syn. chuza.)
-chirizi, a. ntachozi machirizi,
trickling tears. (Cf. churuzika.)
Cho, -cho, -cho-, a. relat.agreeing with D
3 (S), i. e. ki-o, which. (For relat. see -o.)

Choa, n. (vy-), mark or discoloration of

skinwhether (1) by disease, ringworm,
&c., or (2) artificialbeauty spot. Choa
cheusi, black (beauty) spot.
Chocha, v. poke, prod, stir up, e.g. an
animal in a hole. Ap. choch-ca, -ewa,
-cUa, -c/rwa, elezea, -clczcwa, poke at,
stir up, as a fire or lamp. Chochca kwa
kijiti utambi wa taa, poke at the wick of a
lamp with a bit of stick. Chuma cha
kuchochclea rnoto, a poker. Also in fig.
sense,
stir
up,
excite,
provoke.
Alimchochelezca mane no y afitina, he
stirred up discord against nim. Cf.
vumbilia. (Cf. mchocho, mchochco,
kichocho.)

Chochoro, n. (ma-), alley, passage, esp.

of narrow passages between houses in a
native
town.
(Cf.
the
commoner
mchochoro, kichochoro.)
Choka, v. become tired, get weary, be
fatigued
(worn
out,
overdone).
Nimechoka, I am tired. With noun of
things, ch. njia (Jua, kazi, &c.), be tired
of travelling (weary with the heat, worn

out by work). Ch. na mtu, be weary

of a persons company. Ap. chokea,
-ewa,
chokeana.
Cs.
chosha,choke-za,choke-sha,
-shwa.
Rp. chokana, e. g. all be weary

together.
Chokaa, n. (i) lime; (2) white
plaster; (3) mortar, i.e. in Z. a
mixture of lime with sand and red
earth. Lime is also used for
chewing with tobacco. See
Tambuu.
Chokea, n. a sty (in the eye).
Choki-choki, n. fruit of the

mchoki- chokiwith a deep-red

Choma, v. (1) pierce, stab,

prick, thrust (something into); (2)
apply fire to, cook, set on fire,
burn, brand, cauterize; (3) hurt the
feelings (of), provoke, give pain
to, excite. Ch. mtu kisu, stab a man
with a knife. Ch. moto, apply fire.
Ch. nyumba moto (or, kwa moto), set
a house on fire. Ch. samaki,
harpoon a fish. Ch. mkuki, run a
spear into. Ps. chomwa. Nt.
chomeka, i. e. be pierced (burnt,
hurt, &c.), but also Act., e. g.
chomeka mkuki, stick a spear in the
ground. Chotneka kisu kiunoni, stick
a knife into the waistband (girdle).
Ap. chom-ea, -eana, -elea, -elewa.
Chomea majani mfu- koni, stuff grass
into a bag. Chorne- lea, stick pieces
into, e. g. of repairing clothes by
patches, a roof with new thatch,
and in masonry of bringing a
rough wall to a surface with
mortar and small stones. (Cf.
tomea, mtomo.) Cs. chom-esha,
-eshwa, e. g. chomesha mbwa. set a
dog on, make him angry. (Cf.

prickly rind, sweet white pulp, and chonio, mchomo, chomeo, chomoa,
large stone. See Mchokichoki.
chomoza, also mtomo, tomea, &c., in
which t represents ty, ch.)
Choko, n. vyoko, also Chocho,
oven. (See Joko, cf. oka.)
Chombo,
n.
(vy-),
(1)
implement, instrument, utensil,
Chokora, v. and Chokoa, pick tool, piece of furniture, movable,
at, poke, esp. of working at a hard of any kind or description. Vyombo
substance
with
a
pointed includes all personal belongings,
instrument, knife, or finger, e. g. chattels, household apparatus,
clear out a hole, take up weeds. baggage. Chombo cha kufanyia kazi,
Ch. meno, clean the teeth (with a an instrument to work with.
toothpick). See Msuaki. Ps. Vyombo vya seramala, a carpenters
chokolewa. Ap. choko-lea, -lewa, tools. Chukua vyombo vyangu ndani,
kijiti cha hucho- kolea meno, a carry my things indoors. (2) A
toothpick. ? Cs. chokoza, which cooking pot being the most
see. (Cf. choc ha, mchokoo, chokoza, universal and necessary utensil,
and chakura.) n. (ma-), Chombo, by itself, commonly
dependent, follower, hanger-on.
refers to a vessel for containing
something, pot, pan, jug, jar,
Chokoza, v. tease, bully, annoy, cup, but still more universally in
vex. Ps. chokozwa. Ap. chokoz-ea, Z. means (3) a native sailing
-ewa. (Cf. chokora, and syn. vessel, a dhow. In this sense it
sumbua, tesa, uthi.)
includes a number of varieties,
mtepe, betela, batili, bdgala,
Chole, n. a kind of bird, ? a jay. e.g.
bedeni, awesia, ghangi, but is

CHIMBUKO

distinguished from others of a

smaller size, e.g.dau, mtumbwi,
galawa, mashuaall of which may
also carry sails, and from those of
European build, commonly called
merikebu, jahazi, melt, mano- wari,
&c. (All coast and foreign trade
being formerly carried on in these
vessels, the dhow was at once the
most remarkable instrument
and also containing vessel
known to the natives, whence
prob. the use oi chombo as its
name. Hence also many of the
words connected with the dhow
and its parts are of non- Bantu
origin.) Panda (ingia) chom- bo?ii,
go on board (embark in) a vessel.
Shuka chomboni, land, go ashore,
disembark. (Cf. jombo, and syn. as
above, also chungu.)

43

CHOKA

used and shape produced, 4 hack, chip,

bevel, dress, square, point, smooth, carve,
&c. Chonga mti, trim (dress, square) a
tree, ready for cutting into planks. Ch.
boriti', trim (square) a pole (for a rafter).
Ch. kijiti, cut a stick to a point. Ch.
kalama, point a pen, make a pen. Ch.
mtumbwi, cut out a canoe. Also, ch.
maneno, invent (add to, modify) a story.
Ch. sanamu, cut out figures. Ch. mawc,
dress stones. Akachonga mvittjc sura
kama bin Adamu, and he roughly carved
the log of cassiorina into a human figure.
Mti lililochongwa ncha kama mkuki, a
piece of wood which was cut to a point,
like a spear. 1s. chongwa. Nt.
chongeka. Ap. chong-ca, -ewa, cana,
(1) cut with (for, in, &c.). Chongea
Chomeo, n. (OTJ-), gridiron, toasting- panda la tnnazi, cut a piece off tne
fork, or other similar instrument for flower-stem of a cocoanut tree, to
cooking, anything used for pricking or increase the flow of .sap. But also
common in (2) fig. sense, tell tales
piercing. (Cf. choma.)

Chomo, n. (i) a burn, stab,

prick, &c. (Cf. me homo.) (2) Burnt
stuff, dross, slag. Ch. la ckuma, iron
slag, refuse of smelting furnace.
(Cf. choma.)

about, inform against, betray,

complain of, accuse (esp. unkindly
or falsely), slander, discredit, and
still more emphatically chongelea
Intens.
chongclcza.
Chomoa, v. draw out, take out, and

expose, bring to light. Ch. mkuki, take

out a spear from a wounded animal. Ch.
mwiba, extract a thorn. Ch. kisu,
unsheathe (draw, draw out) a knife. (Rv.
form of choma. Cf. omoa, chomoza.)
Chomoza, v. (1) make a way out,
come out, appear, stick out Maua
yanachomoza, the flowers are beginning
to appear. Has iuachomoza, the cape
juts out (comes into sight). Esp. of the
sun, jua limacho mo za, the sun bursts
out. Hence (2) of the sun, 4 be hot,
scorch (as if choma). (Intens. form of
chomoa. Cf. choma.)
Chonga, v. cut to a shape, shape with
a cutting instrument, whence a variety of
meanings according to the instrument

Amcnichongca kwa maneno mabaya

kwa wali, he discredited me with a

shameful story to the governor.

Mtu huchongcwa tta ulimi wake, a
man is betrayed by his own
tongue. Cs. chong-esha, -cza, -ezwa.
Rp. chottgana. (Cf. chongo,
mchongo, chonge, chonjo, uchongezi,
chongelezo, chongoaz\$o chanja,
chenga, chinjaall referring to

cutting.)
Chonge, n. also ? chongole, a
canine (pointed) tooth, cuspid.
Change za meno, teeth filed to a
point. (Cf. chonga, with pass,
termination -e, and for teeth, jtno.)

Chongelezo, n. (wa-), what is

told to a persons discredit or disadvantage, tales, unkind gossip,
scandal, &c. (Cf. chonga, ucho

imech. kama sindano, the cape is as

sharp as a needle. (Rv. form of

chonga, with similar meaning. Cf.
choma, chomoa.)

Chongoe, n. (vy-), a large kind

Chongo, n. absence of one eye, of fish.
loss of an eye. Mwcnyi chongo, a
one-eyed person. Ana chongo, he Choo, n. (vy-), privy, water-closet,
has lost an eye. (Cf. ? chonga.)
cess-pit, i.e. in Z. a circular pit,
Chongoa, v. (1) cut to a shape, lined with stone at the sides, and
round off, cut to an angle (point), closing gradually into a small
bring to a point, sharpen, point; aperture over the centre. Usually
(2) be of a pointed shape, be
angular, be jagged. Ch. kikango, connected with the bath-room in
round off a cooking pot. Nt. large houses. Ettda chooni, go to the
chongoka, be sharp, jagged, e. g. of closet, go to stool. IVakampeleka
craggy, precipitous rocks. Has
ngezi, See.)

chooni wakamwogtsha,

CHOOKO

they conducted him to a closet

and gave him a bath. Also used (i)
of the action of the bowels, &c.
Pata ch.y have a motion of the
bowels. Funga ch., be constipated,
have an obstruction of the bowels.
Ch. safi, free action of the bowels.
Ch. ki- kubwa is used of solid, ch.
kidogo of liquid motions; (2) of
(solid) excreta. Haifai kutia mkojo
ao choo katika maji, it is a mistake
to put the excreta of either kind in
water.
Chooko, n. See Choroko.
Chopa, n. (ma-), handful, of
what can be gathered and held in
the fingers, as sticks, ropes, bits of
wood, &c. (Cf. konzi, n., and
chopoa. Cf. chopa, v., trade in a
small way, hawk goods about the
country,not used in Z. Cf. syn.
churuza.)

Chopi, adv., enda chopi', be

lame on one side, walk lamely.
Chopoa, v. snatch from the
hand, take away suddenly, seize
by surprise, pluck away, filch. Ps.
chopolewa. Nt. chopoka (and a
variant chupuka, churupuka), slip
from the grasp, be filched away,
escape, extricate oneself, e. g.
from a snare. Sungura akachopoka
mkononi mwa simba, the hare
slipped from under the lions paw.
Ap. chopo-lea, -lewa. (Cf. chopa,
and syn. ponyoka.)
Choro, n. (, and ma-), marks
made with a tool, engraving,
carving, scratch, scrawl, bad
writing,
hieroglyphics.
Also
machorochoro, carved patterns,
writing. (Cf. chora, and nakshi,
bombwe.)

Choroko, n. also Chooko, a

small dark-green pea or bean,
often mixed with rice and other
grain for food. Considered inferior
to kunde. Huku- shiba mikundeni,

40

CHOYO

utashiba michoro- koni ? If kunde did

not satisfy you, will choroko ? (Cf.
mchoroko.)

Chosha, v. (Cs. of choka, i. e.

for chokes ha), make weary, be
fatiguing. See Choka.

D 5 (S), D 6), tiresome, tiring. (Cf.

choka, -chovu.)
Chosho, n. and Josho, for ki-ohoahi, a. (choshi with D 4 (P), osho,
ji-osho, washing, place for
washing, bathing-place. Mahali pa
choshoni, place for washing, e. g. of
corpses, or clothes. . (Cf. oga, osha,
and fua, fuo.)
Chosi, n. and Chozi, includes
two species of birds, one very fond
of fresh cocoanut sap, tembo,a
Necta- rinia (Sa.).
Chota, v. take up a little of, take
a pinch of, take up by bits (pieces),
pick up with the fingers. Ch. maji,
fetch a little water at a time. Ch.
kuni, fetch firewood. Ps. chotwa. Nt.
choteka. Ap. chot-ea, -ewa. Kazi yake
kutnehotea rilaji mwalimu, his duty
was to supply his teacher with
water. Cs. chot-esha, -eshwa. (Cf.
choto, mchoto, and danga, dona,
donoa, also chopa.)
Choto, n. a small part (piece,
bit, quantity, amount, a scrap, a
pinch). (Cf. chota, mchoto.)
-chovu; a. (chovu with D 4 (P),
D 5 (S), D 6), (1) weary, tired,
fatigued,
worn
out,
bored,
exhausted; (2) tiresome, tiring,
wearying. (Cf. choka, -choshi.)
Chovya, v. put (into), plunge
(into), dip (into), make contact
with, touch, finger. Ch. kidole
motoniy put a finger in the fire. Ch.
nguo katika majiy plunge clothes into
water. Ch. asaliy dip into (touch)
honey. Mchovya asali hachovyi marra
moja, he who dips his finger in
hone^, does not do it once.
Alimchovya haya, he plunged him in
confusion. Nt. chovyeka. Ap. chovyeay -ewa. Cs. chovy-esha, -eshwa.
(Cf. chovyo* mchovyo.)
Chovyo, n. (ma-), a dip, touch,
what is got by a dip (touching).
(Cf. chovya.)
Choyo, n. avarice (shown either
in getting or keeping), greediness,
covetousness, a grasping nature,
miserliness, &c.. Mwenyi ch., a
grasping,

CHOOKO

40

CHOYO

Chubwi, n. a plummet, a
sinker, attached to fishing line
niggardly person. Kuwa na ch., to to assist the cast and sink the bait.
be covetous, to grudge. Lia ch., cry (Cf. bi/di, sounding lead, limazi,
for (disappointed) greediness. carpenters plumb line.)
Also as a., huyti tti ch. sana, he is a
dog in the manger.
(Cf. bahili,
Chuchu, n. (, and ma-), a
small hard protuberance on the
roho, tamaa.)
skin, wart, pimple, small tumour, a
Chozi, n. (ma-), (i) a tear, tear- callosity. Chuchu la ziwa, teat. (Cf.
drop ; (2) anything resembling a sugu.)
tear, gum on trees, &c. Toka {lid)
Chuchumia, v. Ap. reach up
tna- chozi, shed tears. Bubujika
mcuhozi, burst into a flood of tears. (to), stretch up to, as by rising on
or
hind-legs.
Mbuzi
Mcuhozi yalimchuruzika usoni, tears tiptoe
trickled down his face. (Cf. chuza.) anachuchumia, the goat is trying to
get
at
(the
leaves).
(3) One or two species of bird. See
Chosi.
Chui, n. leopard.
Chua, v. sometimes Tua, as at
Chuja, v. (1) filter, strain; (2)
Mombasa, (1) rub, rub down, and
so variously, grind, file, pound, strain out, remove by filtering or
polish; (2) fig. of quarrelling, &c., straining; (3) cleanse, purify. Ch.
jar, rub, make discord. Kuchua si maji yaliyo na taka, filter dirty
kwema, friction is not good. Chua water. Ch. nazi kzva kifumbu kupata
me no, clean the teeth. Chua tui, filter (grated) cocoanut in a bag
mafumba ya unga, xub down the to get the milky extract. Mutingu
lumps in meal. Chua-chua kitwa, achuje taka za moyo wetu, may God
rub (chafe) an aching head. Ap. take away the impurities of our
chu-lia, -liwa, lika. Chtilika tnafuta, heart. Ps. chtijwa. Nt. chujika. Moyo
have oil rubbed in. Jiwe la kuchulia, uliochujika, a purified heart. Ap.
a grindstone. Rp. chuatia, e. g. of chuj-ia, -iwa. Chombo cha kuchujia, a
persons wrestling. (Cf. saga, sugua, filter {?chujio, ma-). Cs. chuj- isha,
-ishwa. (Cf. chujo, chujua, and perh.
more common in Z.)
vuja.)

Chub, int. (the ch being mainly

Chujo, n. (, and ma-), what is
heard), expressing contempt or
got by straining or filtering. Chtjo
impatience, shtI nonsense!
ya asali, molasses, treacle. (Cf.
Chubua, v. take the skin off, prec.)
abrade, bruise badly, flog, give a
Chujua, v. Rv. form of chuja,
hiding to. Kiatu changu kimenichubua mguu, my shoe has rubbed implying an opposite result in, or
the skin off my foot. Ps. by use of, a liquid, i.e. spoil with
chubulizva. Nt. chubuka. Mgongo water, by washing or otherwise.
umcchubuka, ray back is raw. Ap. Amechu- jua uji wangle, una maji, he
chubu-lia, -Itwa. Alimkanyaga mtoto has spoilt my gruel, it is too
Nt.
akamchu- bulia ngozi, he trod on the watery. Ps. chujuliwa.
child and rubbed the skin off. (Cf. chujuka, e.g.
follg.)
nguo hizi zimcchujuka, these clothes
Chubuko, n. {ma-'), bruise, are spoilt (in colour) by washing.
Rangi hit haichujuki, this colour
abrasion, raw place. (Cf. prcc.)
does not wash out, it is a fast

colour. Ap. chujulia, -iwa. (Cf.

chuja.)

Chuki, n. ill humour, bad

temper, dislike, resentment Mtu wa
chuki (or, wa chukichuki), one who
is quick-tempered, easily put out,
ready to take offence. Yuna ch., he
is offended, he is sulky. Ona ch., be
in a bad temper. Tia ch., offend,
vex, make angry. (Cf. follg.)
Chukia, v. hate, have ill feeling
towards (e. g. anger, rcsentmerit,
disgust,
loathing,
aversion),
dislike,
abhor. Ps. chukiwa, be hated, &c.
Cs. chuk-iza,-izwa, e. g. cause
dislike, offend, put out. Hence
chukiz-ia, -iwa. But note that
chukia is also used, Act. and Ps.,
as chukiza, i. e. cause chuki in, as
well as, feel chuki towards.

Bwana amechukiwa na mtumwa

wake, mtumwa wake alim- chukiza ,

the master was provoked by his

slave, his slave provoked him.
Jichukiza, grow angry of oneself,
be angry gratuitously (without
cause). Chukizisha, cause to be
annoying, make offensive.
Chukizana, provoke each other.
Rp. chukiana, hate each other.
(Cf. chuki, ma- c/uikio.)

in this sense). (3) Take away,

carry off, remove, transport. Ch.
taka, remove a mess (cf. ondoa).
Also of the feelings, carry away,
transport, overwhelm (of joy,
sorrow, &c.).
( 4 ) Bear up under (passively),
i.e. endure, put up with, take
peaceably, be resigned to (cf.
vumilia, stahimili, shukuni); (5)
bear the weight
(responsibility) of, support,
maintain, sustain. Attach, wazee
wake, he is supporting his
parents (cf. ponya, ruzukisha,
saidia). (6) Take (in capacity),
contain,hold, have capacity for
(of a vessel, measure, &c.), and
fig. include, involve,allow of.
Chornbo hiki kitach. pishi tatu, this
vessel will hold three pishi (cf.
weka). (7) Take up, use up,
require. Safari He ilich.
siku nyittgi, that journey occupied
many days. Zawadi hizi zitach. ngito
nyittgi, these presents will require a
lot of cloth. Chukua has many
applications, e. g. ncno hilt lack,
tttambo mengi, this word includes

many things, i.e. has many

meanings. Ch. mimba, be pregnant.
Nguo hizi zinakuch., these clothes
set off your appearance, give you
Chuku, n. cupping-horn. Piga a fine air (carriage). Ps. chukuliwa.
ck., make a false impression, Nt. thukulika (rarely chukuka). Ap.
exaggerate, tell an incredible
story, draw the longbow. (Cf. chuku-lia, -liwa, &c., e.g. carry to
umika, ndumiko.')
(for, from, &c.), feel for (towards,
about, &c.). Nikuchukulie, let me
Chukua, v. (i) carry, bear (a carry it for you. Chukuliwa
load), take on ones back mashuku, be an object of suspicion.
(shoulders or head, or in ones Inachu- kulika, it is not too heavy to
hands), e.g. as a caravan porter be carried, it is endurable.
(mpagazi) or town porter (hamali, Henctchuku- liana, be compatible,
mchukuzi). Ch. mzigo begatti, carry agree, tolerate each others
a load on the shoulder,such company. Gs. chuku- za, -zwa,
load being usually about 60 lbs. employ a person to carry, lay a
weight in a mainland journey. burden on, &c. Rp.chuku- atta, e. g.
(2) Take, conduct, convey, lead. carry in turns, give mutual
Ch. mtoto huyu kwa babaye, take support, endure each other, agree
this child to his father (cf.peleka together. (Cf. mchukuziuchu- kuzi.)

CHOOKO

Chuma, n. (, and zy-), iron, a

piece of iron. Chuma pua (or pua
alone), steel. Mabamba ya ,ch., iron
of a flat kind, hoop iron, iron
plate, &c. Pau (or fito) za ch., iron
rods, bar iron. (For ki-uma, so cf.
perh. uma, kiuttta.)
Chuma, v. (1) pluck, gather,
of fruit, flowers, &c.; (2) make a
profit, esp. in trade or business,
gain in trade, prosper, be well
paid. Watu huenda chuma barra,
people go to make money up

40

CHOYO

country. Ps. chu- mwa. Nt. chumika.

Ap. chum-ia, -iwa. Cs. chum-isha,
-ishwa. (Cf. churno, uchumi, and
syn. Ar. faidi, faida.)
Chumba, n. (yy-), room, chamber,
apartment, i.e. part of a nyumba,
esp. of a store house. Nyumba hit
ina vyumba vingi, this house has
many rooms. Ch. cha kulala, bed
room, dormitory. Ch. cha kulia,
dining room, refectory. (Cf

.tiyumba, jumba, tnchumba, also sizes, and with a lid of same

material. (Cf. ungti, juugu, kirnkato.)
for other household
Chumo, n. (), (i) plucking, jungu,a.nd
bakuli, bungu, bia, chatto,
gathering. Machumo ya zabibtt, vessels,
way a, fua, kombe, kibungu,
grapes plucked, vintage. (2) Profit, hero,
, ki- kuttgu, kango, kikombe,
gain, source of gain, employment. mkungu
kikango, and see Mtungi, Sufuria,
(Cf. chttma, v., and ttchumi.)
and Chombo.) (2) (, and of size,
a heap, a quantity, a pile, a
Chumvi, n. (1) salt; (2) ma-),
Chungu chungu, in heaps,
saltness, pungency (of flavour or mass.
Fetha zikawa nyingi,
quality). Maji ya ch., salt water, quantities.
zima, the coins were
brine, sea water (contr. maji baridi, chungu
maji ya mznta, maji maiamu, maji ya numerous, a whole pile. (Cf. syn.
pcpo, fresh water). CA.ya haluli, fungu, jamii.) (3) An ant, of a
small kind, and so used
sulphate of magnesia, Epsom common
generieally than other names
salts. Maneno yoke ch., his remarks more
of species (e.g. mchwa, siafu, maji
were pungent, had a flavour.
ya moto, which see). Also used
Chuna, v. skin, flay, take the fig. of a poor, insignificant person.
whole skin off. Mmchune ngozi kwa (4) ( ) sometimes for ucht(/igu,
vizuri, msikatc zvala msitoboe, wala of some particular kind of smart,
msichunc na tty am a, mmchune verna, e. g. naona chungu ya rnwiba, I feel
take off the beasts hide properly, the sharp prick of a thorn. Cf.
do not cut it or make holes in it, follg.
and do not take off flesh with it,
a. (chungu with D 4
skin it carefully. Also of stripping (P),-chungu,
5 (S), D 6), (1) bitter, acrid,
bark off a tree. Chuna kamba, get sour,Dsharp
taste, acid ; (2) dis(strips of bark for) rope. Ps. agreeable, in unpleasant.
Dawa
chunwa. Nt. chunika. Ap.
chun-ia,
chungu,
bitter,
unpalatable
-iwa. (Cf.
medicine. (Cf. tickungu,n., also
often used as a., and ulungu.)
chunua, chuni, mchuni, also chubua,
ambua.)
Chungulia, v. look at (down
Chunga, v. (1) tend, take care upon, into), esp. of furtive or
of, act as guardian to, but esp. of critical and thorough examination,
animals, i. e. act as keeper or i. e. peep (at), pry (into), cast
herdman of sheep, cattle, goats, glance (at), inspect closely. Ps.
&c., feed, take to pasture, graze, chunguliwa. Nt. chunguli-ka, -kana.
&c. (Cf. mchunga (ji), machunga, Ap. chungulilia. Ufa wa kttch., a
and syn. tunza, lisha.) (2) Sift, peephole. Cs. chunguza, e. g.
separate fine and coarse particles, Intens. look carefully (anxiously,
e. g. of flour for cooking, of lime thoroughly) into. (Cf. syn. angalia,
for plaster, &c., by shaking and tazamia, kagua.)
tossing in a flat basket. Cf. peseta,
Chungwa,
n. (ma-), the
and tunga. Chunga ) is
sometimes n., siftings, husks, common sweet orange, fruit of
mehungwa (whichsec), abundant
coarse particles, &c.)
for nine months in the year in Z.
Chungu,
n.(i)
(vy-)
,the (Cf. for other varieties, chcnza,
commonest kind of cooking pot, datizi, limau, ka- ngaja, ndimu,
usually a round rather shallow balungi, furungu.)
vessel of baked earthenware, red
Chuni, n. usu. in pi. mack uni,
or black in colour, of various

CHTJMO

40

CHUNIJA

process of skinning, flaying an at Mombasa).

animal. (Cf. chuna, mchuni.)
Chupia, v. move quickly, rush,
Chunjua, n. a small hard pro- dash, gallop. Frasi mzoefu wa kutuberance on the skin, a wart. (Cf. chupia, a horse accustomed to
cht/chu.)
going quickly. (Conn, with chupa,
v.)
Chunua, v. scrape skin off, skin.
Alichunua uso wake, he took the skin
Chupuka, Chupuza, v. See Chioff his face. Ps. chunuliwa.
puka, and Chopoka.
Chura, n. (vy-), a frog.
Nt. chunuka. Ap. chunu-lia, -liwa.
Cs. chunu-za, -zwa. (Cf. chuna,
Churua, n. or Churuwa, and
Shurua, measles.
chubita, and follg.)
Chunusi, n. (i) and Chunuzi, a
Chururika, v. See Chiririka, and
bit of skin taken off, abrasion, raw
place; (2) same as Chinusi, which Churuzika.
see.
Churuza, v. and Chuuza, keep a
Chunyu, n. incrustation of salt, small shop, do a retail business,
deposit from salt water. Nimeoga hawk goods about, be a pedlar.
maji ya pwani na/anya chunyu, I have (Cf. mchuruzi.)
had a sea-water bath, and feel the
Churuzika, v. and Chururika,
salt on me. (Cf. munyu, chumvi,
trickle down, run of, be drained
nyunyo.)
away, as water from roof, blood
Chuo, n. (vy-), (1) book; (2) from wound, rain from a tree, &c.
school. . Buni (tunga) chuo, write a Anach. darnu, he bleeds freely. Cs.
book, compose a book. Chuo cha churuz- isha, -ishwa, drain off, carry
serkali, a government school. off. (Cf. chirizika, mchirizi, tiririka,
Mwana-chuoni, or -vyuoni, (1) a and also chuza.
(boy) scholar, one who attends
Chusa, n. (vy-), a harpoon, used
school; (2) an educated, learned
man, a scholar, a man of books. for large fish, such as papa, nguru,
Enda chuoni, go to school. Tiwa chewa.
chuoni, be sent to school. (For kiChuza, v. or Chuuza, Churuza,
uo, from the appearance of a
bound book, cf. uo, and for book trickle, glide, run down. Chozi la
likichuuza, as the tear of
Ar. syn. msahafu, kitabu, and for unyonge
abject misery falls. Kuvuja na
school * madarasa, soma, v.)
kuchuza hakulingani na wazi, oozing
Chupa, v. get over something and trickling is not the same as
by leap, step, hop, jump. Chupa open (flood-gates). (Cf. chiririka,
gogo, step over a log. Ap. chup-ia, churuzika.)
-iwa, and see follg. Cs. chup-isha,
-ishwa.
(Cf. syn. kia, kiuka, and see.-chwa, v. Ps. from -cha, which
vuka.) n. (, and ma-'), a bottle.
D.
Ch. la kutilia marashi, a scent-bottle.
Ch. la mvinyo, a spirit bottle. Also
D represents the same sound as
used of the womb/ e. g. kuvunja
chupa, of first stage of childbirth. in English.
Dim. ki- tupa (preserving the t, as

D, as an initial in words of
Arabic origin, is used for three
Arabic letters, viz. Dal, and
sometimes Tah - and Dhal. See T,
Th.

the stage when it is full of milk,

further described as (i) bupn la dafu,

punje la dafu, dafu la kukomba, dafu *

la kulamba, i. e. when just

beginning to form a soft layer of

nutty substance in the shell, which

D takes the place of / and r, as can be licked or easily scraped off,

the initial of a root, if a formative and (2) tonga la dafu, when the
n is prefixed. Thus kasha refu, a nutty substance has become thick
long box; kamba ndefu, a long rope. and tough. Maji ya dafu, cocoanut
milk. Dafu is also commonly used
D in Z. sometimes represents a for the milk itself, little cared
j or dy in the Mombasa dialect, and for by natives. (Cf. uazi.)

in some words is not clearly

distinguished from t. Thus words
Dagaa, n. (? plur. of udagad),
not found under D may be looked very small fish, fish in an early
for under J or T.
stage, small fry,*like whitebait,
a favourite dish with natives.
Words beginning with D are
mostly of non-Bantu origin.
Dai,
v.
(1)
summons,
prosecute, sue at law, accuse,
-dachi, a. commonly used for * charge; (2) claim in court, demand
German.' Mdachi (wa-), Dachi (ma-), as a right, claim. Nakudai, I accuse
a German. Kidachi, the German you. Nadai kwako hakiyangu, I claim
language, of the German kind. from you my lawful rights. Rupia
Udachi, Germany, also ulaya Dachi. amdaiyo Tuna, the rupee which
(From deutsch, cf. jamani.)
Tuna claims from him. Jidai ukali,
claim for oneself martial spirit,
Dada. n. sister, esp. elder sister, boast of prowess. Ps. daiwa. Ap.
a term of endearment among data, claim on behalf of (in
women.
reference to, for, from, &c.), act as
solicitor for. Rp. daiana, of counter
Dadiai, v. pry, be inquisitive, claims, cross-suit n. (wa-) f
be
curious
(about),
ask legal process, suit, claim, for the
unnecessary
questions
(of). more usual* da'wa). (Ar. Cf. tndai,
Nimcmdadisi satia fiatta aniambie , I da'wa, and for
plied him with questions to get
him to tell me. Ps. dadisiwa. Nt.
1
claim * haki.)
dadisika. (?Ar. Cf. mdadisi, and syn.
hoji, chungulia, pekua.)
Daima, adv. perpetually, permanently, constantly, continually,
Dadu, n. and Dado, game, toy, always. Namwona d. akipita, I see
esp. of dice in Z. Qieza d., play him constantly passing. Du mu d.,
with dice. Mcuhezo ya d., games emphat, always, for ever and ever,
with dice. (Ar.).
never endingly, eternally, -a daima,
a. continual, permanent, lasting.
*Daflna, n. hidden treasure, (Ar. Cf. dumu, and syn. siku zote,
treasure-trove, godsend. (Ar.)
marra kwa marra, and for lasting
Daftari, n. an account book, is hi, aushi.)
catalogue, list. (Ar. Cf. worotha,
Daka, v. catch, snatch, seize,
hesabu ya mali.)
get hold of,with a sudden, quick
e. g. catch a ball
Dafu, n. (/), a cocoanut in movement,
thrown in the air, pounce on a

CHTJMO

thief, appropriate food greedily.

Also daka maneno, make a smart
response (quick repartee, sharp
reply). Ps. dakiva. Ap. dak-ia, -iwa.
Cs. dak-iza, -izwa, e. g. object to,
rebut, contradict. (? Cf. dakizo,
dakua, udaku, dakuliza, and nyaka,
ttyakua, and for seize kamata,
shika.)

n.
(ma-),
recess,
receptacle,
cupboard.

niche

in

wall,

D. la mlango, a recess with a

door, cupboard. Dim.
kidaka. (Cf. dakua, and
dtikiza,prob. the same
root.)

40

CHUNIJA

second. K\va d. tnoja,

twinkling, at once. (Ar.)

in

Dakizo, n. (ma-), objection,

contradiction,
demurrer. (Cf.
daka.)

Daku, n. midnight meal taken by

Mahomroedans during Ramathan.
(Ar. Cf. Ramathani,futari.)
Dakua, v.

random,

let out secrets, gossip at

talk indiscreetly. Ps.

dakulitua. Ap. daku-lia, -1iwa, talk

foolishly to (for, about, against,

&c.). Cs. dakuliza, used as contradict, protest against, object to,
rebut. (Rv. of daka. Cf. dakizo,
1

udaku.)

DalalJ, n. salesman, auctioneer,

Dakawa, n. towing line, towbroker, cheap-jack. (Ar. Cf.
rope, i. e. katnba ya kufungasia.
udalali, and syn. rnttadi.)
Dakika, n. the smallest
division of time, moment, minute,

2 Dalasini, n. cinnamon, from other varieties, cliungwa.)

the tree mdalasini. (Ar.) '
Darabi, n. (w-), rose-apple,
Dalia, n. a yellow mixture, used fruit of mdarabi.
by women for personal adornment
*Daraja, n. (ma-), (1) step, set
(cosmetic, scent, &c., and colour).
of steps, stairs, staircase, bridge ;
*Dalili, n. sign, token, mark, (2) degree, rank, dignity, social
trace, indication, evidence, signal. station. Akashuka katika d., he
D.ya mvua ni mawingu, the sign of descended the staircase. D. kubwa
rain is clouds. D. ya mgnu, footstep {bora), high rank. A district of
(on the ground). With negatives, si Zanzibar city near the bridge is
hatta dalili, not at all, not a vestige, called Darajani. (Ar. Cf. ngazi,
not in the least.
nlalo, and for * rank cheo.)

Dama, n. a game, played on a

Daraka, n. (na-), an arrangeboard like chess, a kind of ment, appointment, obligation,
draughts.
duty, undertaking. Madarakaya
nyttmbani,
household
*Damu, n. blood. Nyama na d., arrangements, domestic economy.
flesh and blood. Anatoka d., he is Chukulia d., go bail for, answer for,
bleeding. Also of the menses, ingia bear the punishment of. (Ar. Cf.
datnuni, menstruate. Cf. hethi. (Ar.) diriki, tadaruki.)
Dandalo, n. a kind of dance..
Darasa, n. (na-), class, meeting
(Cf. ngoma.)
for reading or study. Madarasa,
school, academy. (Ar. Cf. du- rusi,
Danga, v. (i) take up little by also chuo, soma.)
little, get a little at a time, scoop
up carefully (of water in a pit), i.
Dari, n. upper floor, upper
e. d. tnaji. (Cf. chota.) Hence (2) story, ceiling, roof,roofs and
fig. of enforced and tedious delay, upper floors in an Arab house
wait, have to wait (but perh. this is being alike made of concrete laid
tanga, which see).
on poles and rammed hard. Darini,
juu ya dari, upstairs, on the roof.
Danganya, v. elude, delude, de- (Ar. Cf. sakafu, drofa.)
ceive, defraud, cheat, beguile,
impose on, belie. Ps. danganywa.
Darizi, v. See Tarizi.
Nt. dangatiyi-ka, -kana. Ap.
dangany- -ia, -iwa. Cs. dangany-isha,
Darumeti, n. inside woodwork
-is/iwa. Rp. dangany-ana. (Cs. of native vessel, joists carrying the
form ?conn. with danga, or Hind. deck, cross-beams, &c.
dagaa. Cf. -danganyifu, mdanganyi,
*Dasi, n. rope sewn into the
and syn. punja, kalamkia, hadaa,
kopa, and dist. changanya.) n. edge of a sail for strength, and
distinguished
as d. ya bara, on the
(ma-), trick, delusion, &c.
upper (yard) side, d. ya chini, on
-danganyifu, a. (dang, with D 4 the lower, d. ya goshini and ya
(P), D 5 (S), D 6), deceptive, delu- dcmani, on the narrower and
sive,
cheating,
&c.)
(Cf. broader ends.
danganya.)

Danzi, n. (na-), a bitter orange,

fruit of mdanzi, which see (and for

DALASINI

52

DAWA

Dasili, n. a powder made of the

Debwani, n. a turban-cloth,
dried and pounded leaves of a tree an Indian cloth, mostly of silk,
mkunazi, used as a detergent (Str.) with red or brown stripes, and
for a kind of skin disease.
worn on the head as a turban.
*Dasturi,n.
bowsprit,also
Dege,
n.
(1)
infantile
called mlingote wa maji. (Dist. convulsions, fits (cf. ki/a/a) ; (2) a
desturi.)
kind of moth.
Dau, n. (na-), a large nativeDeheni, n. a water-proofing
built boat, both ends sharp and mixture of lime and fat, used on
projecting, and usually with a the bottoms of native vessels. Also
square matting sail. (Cf. chombo, as v. of applying the mixture. (Ar.)
mtumbwi, mashua, kidan.)
Deka, v. (1) give oneself airs,
Daulati, n. the ruling power, live in style, play the grandee ; (2)
government, authorities. (Arab, show conceit, be arrogant, be
for the common serkali.)
unpleasant. Also jideka, c. g. of a
vain womans gait and bearing.
Dawa, n. (, and ma-), (Cf. syn. jivuna, jiona, piga kiburi,
medicine, medicament, anything jifahirisha, and shaua.)
supplied by a doctor, including
charm, talisman, &c., used by
Delki, adv. See Telki. (Ar.)
native doctors. D.ya kuJiara, a
Dema, n. a kind of fish-trap of
purgative, aperient. D. ya
open wicker-work. (Cf. mlego.)
ku tapis ha, an emetic. D.ya kttttywa,
Demani, n. (1) sheet (rope) of
medicine for internal use. Dawa ya
kutia ( kupaka, kubandika, kujisu- mainsail of a native sailing vessel.
gua), medicine for external use. Hence (2) lee side (in navigation),
Mada- wa ya uongo-uongo, quack also called upande wa deviant (yua
demaniiti), upande wa chini. Contr.
medicines. (Ar. Dist. follg.)
goshi, goshini. (3) Season of the
*Dawa, n. or Daawa, and year from end of August to
sometimes Mdawa (mi-), legal beginning of November, when the
process, suit, litigation, legal south monsoon slackens and
claim, dispute. (Ar., the aa gradually dies away, springrepresenting ain. Cf. dai, and dist. time in Zanzibar. Also sometimes
dawa, medicine.)
of the whole season of the south
monsoon, from April to October.
Dawati, n. writing desk, (Contr. Musirnu, and see Mwaka.)
writing case. Dim. kidawati. (Ar.
for inkstand.)
Denge, n. a mode of wearing
the hair, a patch on the top of the
Dayima, adv. always. See head only. Kata denge, shave the
Daima.
whole head except the crown.
Debe, n. (wa-), tin can,
commonly of the 4-5 gal. tin in
which American petroleum has
been imported, often used as a
pail. Nataka debt mafuta, I want a
tin of oil. Nataka debe la mafuta, 1
want an oil-tin. (Hind.)

Dengu, n. a kind of pea

imported from India, and usually
mixed with grain, &c. for food.
(Cf. choroko, mbaazi, kunde.)
Deni, n. (, and tna-), a debt,
loan, money obligation. Fanya (in-

d., get into debt, a native pipe. See Kiko.

borrow, lend. Lipa d., discharge a
*Diki, adv. See Tiki, and Shiki.
debt, repay a loan. (Ar. Cf. asimit,
(Ar.)
also wia, wiwa.)
gia,jipasha)

Deraya, n. armour, coat of

mail, cuirass, i.e. vao la chnma. (Cf.
Arab. adrd.)

Diko, n. (), landing place.

Dcsturi, n. or Dasturi, custom,

usage, regular practice, routine.
The usual word in Z. (Hind. Cf.
Ar. kawaida, ada, mila, mathehebu.
Dist. dasturi, bowsprit.)

*Dini, n. religion, creed,

worship. Kushika chuo va kusali ndio
dini, to follow the Coran and
perform
the
prayers
is
(Mahommedan) religion. (Ar.)
'

*Dimu, n. See Ndimu.

Deuli, n. waistband,a silk

*Dira, n. mariners compass, i.
shawl or scarf worn round the
e. kipande cha ktisafiria chombo
waist. (Cf. mshipi, mahazamu.)
baha- rini, an instrument for a ship
Devai, n. wine in general. to steer by on the sea. (Ar.)
(Perh. Fr. du vin. Cf. mvinyo, used
Diriki, v. in general, have
mainly of spirits.)
power (will, time, opportunity,
Dia, n. money paid for a life, &c., for), and so (i) be able, be in
fine for murder, ransom. Killa mtu time (for), reach, succeed, attain,
dia ya rohoyake, every man his 'manage, arrange; (2) venture,
guarantee,
incur
ransom (to save his life). (?Ar. undertake,
responsibility
(for).
Ci.fidia, fuiil)
Nalitakakwenda, sikudiriki, I wanted
Dibaji, n. used of the string of to go, but I could not manage it.
prefatory
epithets
and Sijadiriki ktdsha kusema, before I
complimentary titles in Arab letter could finish speaking. (Ar. Cf.
writing, and more generally daraka.)
elegant composition, good style,
Dirisha, n. (ma-), window. D.
fine writing. (Arab. painting,
embroidery, cf. udibaji. Such la vibau, a louvre window. D. la
epithets arc jenab, mtthebb, akram, kuchungulilia, a window to peep
nasihi, asisi, hasharnu, karamu, through. {Hind. Cf. mwangaza.)
fathili,often in pure Arab form
Diwani, n. (w-), councillor,
with the article il prefixed to each.
public functionary, magnate. (Ar.)
Cf. anwani, waraka.)
Didimio, v. sink down, go to
the bottom, penetrate. Ap. didimik
ia, -iwa, bore into, e. g. of a tool.
Cs. didim-isha, -ishwa, cause to sink
down, force down (into, &c.).
Didi- misha ngao mkobani,stuff
clothes into a wallet. (Cf. iota,
zarna, zizimia.)

Doa, n. (ma-), spot, blotch,

mark, stain. Doa la mafuta, a grease
spot. Madoadoa, used as a.,
spotted, variegated, of different
colours, speckled.
Doana, n. hook, fish-hook. See
Ndoana.

Dobi, n. (ma-), one who

washes clothes, as a trade,
always
a *man in Z. Usinifanye
*Digali, n. stem of the bowl of
Difu, n. See Kilifu.

DALASINI

52

DAWA

jmnda wa dobi, do not treat me as a kidogo, a little water. Withnegat.

washermans donkey. Cf. chovtbo (not) at all,(not) in the least,
hiki ki dobi, this vessel is heavily (none) whatever ; esp. with hatta.
loaded. (Hind.)
Sikupi hatta kidogo, I will not give

Dodi, n. (ma-), also Udodi,

you a single bit, I will not think of

giving you any. Sometimes redupl.
for
emphasis,
vitandat

Ndodi, (1) fine wire, whether vidogodogo,or vidogo- vidogo,\ery

brass or iron; (2) a bracelet of fine small bedsteads. (Cf. contr.
wire, hair, or thread.
-kubwa, -kuu, -ingi.)
Dodo, n. a very large kind of
mango is called embe dodo, or
dodo. The word is also used of a
womans breast. Yuna dodo, she
has breasts, she is growing up.
(Cf. embe.)

Dohani, n. chimney, smokestack, and in Z. esp. of (1) funnel,

smokestack, of a steamer. Hence
merikebu ya d. (orya moski, smoke),
a steamer; (2) a tall narrow basket
of sticks and cocoanut leaf-fronds,
used for carrying fruit to market.
Dodoki, n. (ma-), a long (Ar.)
slender fruit, eaten as a vegetable,
a kind of lufah. See Mdodoki.
Dokeza, v. give a hint of,
suggest,
foreshadow,
sketch.
-dogo, a. (ndogo with D 4 (P), (Perh. tokeza, cause to come out,
D 6, dogo with D 5 (S)), little (in make appear. See Toka, Toa. But
condition, quality or quantity), cf. kidoko.)
small, slight, unimportant,. young.
Mtoio mdogo, a small child. Ndugu
*Dokra, n. a cent, hundredth
mdogo, a younger brother. Baba part of a dollar. (Cf. reale.)
mdogo, fathers brother, uncle. Mtu
mdogo, a poor man. Adv. kidogo, a Dole, n. (ma-), single banana fruit,
little, rather, not very, not much, in
small amount. Used as adj. to f. e. one of a cluster (ckana) on a
denote small in quantity. Watu large fruit stem (mkungu). (Cf.
kidogo, a few people. But watu udole, kidole, and ndizi.
wadogo, poor, inferior people. Maji

)Domo, n. (WA-), (I) large lip,

large beak; (2) protuberance,
projection, thing resembling a
beak, overhanging crag, &c.;
(3) brag, boasting, cant. Ptga
domo, let the tongue wag, brag,
boast. (Cf. mdomo, kidomo, and
for boasting (ji)semea,
('jijvuna, (ji)gamba, (ji)sifu.)

make
selections
(from),
compile
knowledge
(by).
Ukim/isha samaki utamdondoa
mwili, if you let him eat fish,

you will cause sores on his

body. Nt. dondoka. Mbegu
timenidonddka,
the
seeds
dropped one by one from my
hand. (Rv. of donda, with
similar

Dona, v. peck, pick at, pick

up bit by bit. Dona mchete, pick meaning. Cf. chonga, chongoa, & c.;
up rice. Ap. don-ea, -ewa. Cs. also donda, n., and follg.)

don- esha, -eza,-ezwa. A^.donana.

Dondoo, u. (ma-), selections,
Kuku wanadonana, the fowls are
pecking each other. (Cf. donoa, notes, extracts, quotations, choice
bits,
e. g. in an anthology. (Cf.
dondoa, and of similar action
donda, dondoa, &c., and for similar
chota, danga.)
idea okota, mateuzi.)
Donda, n. (, and ma-), large

sore, ulcer,so common an

ailment as to be used as typical
of sickness and disaster
generally. Mttungu atakupa d.,
God will bring sickness upon
you. Donda juu ya donda, blow
on blow (i.e. calamity). D.
ndugu, spreading, confluent
ulcers. Dim. kidonda. (Cf.
donda, v., dondoa, and for small
sores ujele.) v. fall by drops,
drip, fall in bits (bit by bit).
(Cf. more common tona, also
dondoa, donda, n.)

Dondoro, n. a kind of antelope.

(See Paa, for the only sort seen in
Z.)

Donge, n. (, and ma-), also

Tongo, small rounded mass, ball,
lump, e.g. of a mouthful of rice,
rolled in the fingers and put in the
mouth, in this sense usually
Tonge. Kuvi- ringa donge za wait na
kutia ki- nwani, to make a little ball

of rice and put it in the mouth.

Donge la uzi, a ball of thread. Damn
ina- fatiya madonge, the blood is
forming clots. Dim. kidonge, e.g. a
Dondo, n. (ma-), (1) large pill. (Cf. bonge, tonge, and perh.
tiger- cowry shell, used by udongo.)
tailors for smoothing down
Donoa, v. peck, strike at (with
seams to a good surface (cf.
kauri). Hence perh. (2) dressing beak or fangs), c. g. of fowls and
for cloth, starch, chalk, &c., snakes. Nyoka ilimdonoa juu ya utosi,
used to give a good surface and the snake struck him on the crown
appearance
to inferior material. of his head. (Cf. dona, dondoa, &c.)
Arguo ya dondo, glossy calico.
*Dopa, n. (ma-), a sail-makers
(3) Sometimes of twigs,
chips, scraps of wood, leaves, palm, for coarse sewing.
See., e. g. for lighting fires. (Cf.
Doria, n. used of white muslin
donda, v.)
in trade. (Hind.)
Dondoa, v. (1) pick up bit by
bit, pick over grain by grain,
See.; (2) let fall bit by bit, drop,
cause to drip; and so perh. (3)
form sores, cause illness; (4)

DOMO

55

DUBWANA

*Doti, n. a piece of cloth suited which bores in wood (Str.).

for, and worn as, a loincloth,
-dufu, a. (dufu with D4 (P), D 5
shuka, i. e. about 2 yards of full
width, or 4 yards of narrow (S), D6), dull, insipid, tasteless,
flat, uninteresting, good for
material. (Hind.)
nothing, of persons and things.
Doya,
v.
go
as
spy, Tumbako dufu, mild, flavourless
%econnoitre, spy out (but in Z. tobacco. A/tu nidufu, a stupid, dull
felelcza is usual).
person;also dufu la mtu, in same
meaning.
*Dua, n. a prayer, special
supplication, request made in
*Duka, n. (ma-), shop, stall.
prayer, addressed to God. Omba Tem- bea madukani, walk in the
dua, offer a prayer, make a request, bazaar. Weka duka, open a place of
to God. (Ar. Cf. omba, maombi, and business. Vunja dukaf close a
sola,
which suggests the shop,give up business. (Cf. Ar.
outward ceremonial aspect of dakkdn.)
prayer.)
*Dukiza, v. and Dukisa,
*Duara, n. usl of (1) wheel, intrude oneself, listen secretly, try
circle, rounded object, and (a) any to overhear. Jidukiza, play the
machine of which the principal eavesdropper, intrude where not
feature is a wheel, e. g. crane, wanted (offensively). (? Ar. dakas,
windlass, capstan, &c. (Ar. Cf. and follg. Perh. same as dakiza.)
rnduara, dum, mviringo.)

*Dukizi,
n.
(ma-),
eavesdropping,
scandal
extraordinary size, a giant, a mongering. (Cf. dukiza, mdukizi.)
colossus. Also used as a. - dubwana,
Dumbwi, n. See Kidimbwe.
of anything gigantic,animal,
Dume, n. (ma-), a male, esp. of
tree, or other object. Mtu animals. Frasi dume, or dume la
frasi, a stallion. Bata dume, a drake.
mdubwana, a giant. (?Cf. bwana.)
Dude, n. (mathe vaguest and See -ume.
most general term for referring to
*Dumia, Dumisha. See Dumu.
any object, = kitu usichokijiua jina
lake, something of which you do
Dumu, v. remain, continue,
not know the name, or have no
word to describe, a thing, a what- endure, last, abide. Dumu daima,
do-you-call-it, an object. Dude gani last for ever,used also as adv.,
kill? What in the world is this for ever and ever. Ap. dum-ia, -iiva.
Dumia kazi, remain at, persevere in
object? Dim. kidude.
work. Also, remain with, attend
Dudu, n. (ma-, of size), large on,of service. Cs. dum-isha,
insect. See Mdudu, which is com- -ishwa. (Ar. Cf. daima, udumu.)
monly used. Dim. kidudu.
*Dumu, n. (ma-), also Mdumu
Duduka, v. be disfigured (by illness (mi-), can, pot, jug, mug, esp. of
or disease). Duduka uso, have face metal. Dumu la maji, water-can.
pitted, marked with small-pox. Ps.
Dundu, n. (ma-), large pumpkin,
dudukwa. Nadudukwa na pele, I am
disfigured by an eruption. (Cf. umbua.) gourd, calabash, the shell used as
Duduvule, n. a stinging insect, a vessel to hold liquids.
Dubwana, n. (ma-), a person* of

Dunge, n. (ma-), a cashew apple

Dusumali, n. a coloured handin green, unripe stage,fruit of kerchief or scarf, often with green
mbibo. (Cf. mbibo, korosho, bibo.)
and red stripes, and of Persian
manufacture, worn on the head by
Dungu, n. (ma-), a stage or plat- women. (Ar. or Pers. Cf. utaji, she
form, raised from the ground and la.)
often roofed over, for a watchman
guarding crops on a plantation.
Duzi, n. (w-), eavesdropper,
(Cf. kilingo.)
talebearer, gossip - monger,
slanderer. (Cf. dukizi, and the
Dungudungu, n. used to commoner mpele- Uzi.)
describe anything of unusual
E.
shape or quality, a wonder,
marvel, curiosity. (Cf. ajabu, kioja,
E represents the sound of a in
tunu.)
gate, and (esp. when unaccented)
Dungumaro, n. (1) a kind of the lighter sound of e in' * ten. In
evil spirit; (2) a drum used in some words of Arabic origin (1) it
expelling such a spirit. (? is used for a sound between a and
Aldungumaro, a person possessed e (cf. Elfu, Hewa, and A) ; (2) it is
used in Zanzibar characteristically
by this spirit.)
for what is heard in other dialects
*Duni, a. inferior, low, mean, as a, e.g. merikebu, rather than
abject, worthless. Mtu d., a nobody, marikabu, sheria (ox sharia, shebaha
an insignificant person. Halt d., an for shabaha; (3) it is not
abject condition. (Ar. Cfi thaifu, distinguished from i, not being so
distinguished in Arab, writing or
-nyonge, hafifu, -dogo.)
common pronunciation. (Cf. tlimu,
*Dunia, n. and Dunya, the ilrnu, &c.)
world, universe, earth (as a
Thus words not found under E
whole). Fariki d., depart from the
world, die. Mtu wa d., a worldly may be looked for under A or /.
man. Ma/nbo ya d, or simply dunia,
When a in a prefix or formative
the way of the world, worldly
affairs, the spirit of the age. (Ar. syllabic precedes an e or i, the two
together are usually pronounced e,
Cf. ulimwengu.)
e.g. akcttda for akaenda, he went;
*Durabini, n. and Darubini, kuweta for kuwaita, to call them;
telescope, microscope, or similar wezi for waizi, thieves; mengi for
optical instrument, i. e. kipande cha maittgi, many (things).
kuta- zamia, an instrument for
For e as an interjection see Ee
seeing with. Piga d., use a glass.
(Ar. or Pers. Cf. miwani, and Ehee. The same e is used and
repeated at the end of a word
spectacles.)
intensively, esp. to express
*Duru, v. surround, be round, distance, c. g. akaetida e-e-e, and he
go round, put round. (Arab, for went on a very long way; kulc-e~e,
common B. zunguka, sungusha, &c. far away yonder; peupe^e-e, a very
white, clean surface, in each
(Cf. duara.')
case the intonation of e being
Durusi, v. study a book, meet raised higher in proportion to the
in class, attend school. (Arab, for intensity or distance indicated. *e
common B. soma, enda chuotii. Cf. is (1) the characteristic sign of the
da- rasa^)
Subjunctive Mood, taking the

DOMO

55

DUBWANA

place of the final a of a verb in the (Ar. See Eebeka.)

Indicative Mood ; (2) a passive
Ebu, int. also Ebuu and Hebbu,
termination of some verbal nouns,
e.g. kinmbe, kombe, ateulc, ushitide, Well then 1 Come then Ioften in
expostulation or reproof.
uturne.
*Eda, n. time of customary
ceremonial mourning, or seclusion
from company, e. g. of a woman
after a death or divorce. Kalia eda,
remain in mourning, or ifc
seclusion. Akakaa eda akavaa kattiki
miezi minne, she remained in
seclusion and wore mourning four
months. (Ar. Cf. malanga, under
you who love him, or, he whom Tanga.)
you love; (3) in combination with
*Edashara, n. and a., eleven. a
the prep, na or kwa, represents the
pronoun of 3 Pers. S. yeye, e. g. edashara, eleventh. (Ar. Cf. wahedi,
nae or ft aye, for na yeye, and kwae and dshara, also B. syn. knmi na
or kwaye, for kwa yeye; (4) is used moja.)
as the final sound of a common
Ee, int. Oh,in invocation or
contracted form of the Personal
Pronouns, except the 3 Pers. P. assent EeMuungit,Q God. Eebwana,
woo, i. e. rni{y)e for mimi, we[y)e for O Sir. Ee walla, Ee waa, C) yes! All
wewe, yee for yeye, si{y)e for sisi, right! Certainly, Sir! (literally, Yes,
by God 1).
nyi{y)e for ninyi.
-e (or -ye) (1) affixed to a noun,
represents the pronom. a. yake, e.
g. nyumbae or tiyumbaye for tiyumba
yoke, his house; (2) after a verbform or tense-sign, represents^,
the form ofrelative corresponding
to 1,2,3Pers. S.,e. g.
1
who am; umpendaye,

Ebbe, int. also Bee, commonly Egama, v. be in a resting or reused by slaves or inferiors in reply clining position,not lying down
to a call, yes! coming! I hearl

,but propped on elbow or

support. Also Rf. jiegama, place
oneself in a resting position,
recline, prop oneself (in a
position). Ap.egam-ia, iwa, rest
on, lean on, recline on.
Ameegamia kifuani mwake, he
leaned upon his chest. Cs.
egani- isha, -ishwa, cause to lean,
prop, support. (Cf. follg., also

aversion,
disgust,
horror,
abhorrence,that which provokes
aversion, &c. (Ar. Cf. ki- rihi,
the e- or i- representing A lif)

Egemea, v. (i) lean on, rest

on, be supported by; (2) trust
to, rely upon. Ps. egemewa, be
leaned upon, be a support (to),
be trusted (by). Cs. egem-esha,
-eza, -eshwa, &c., e.g. (1) prop
up; (2) confirm, help to
establish, give support to, find
ground for. Rp. egemeana. (Cf.
egama, egesha, tegemea.)

Ekua, v. break, break up,

break down, cause to give way.

tegemea.)

Egemeo, n. (ma-), prop (e. g.

handrail or balustrade of
staircase), support, ground of
belief or action. (Cf. prec. and
tegemeo.)

Egesha, v. Cs. cause to rest,

bring into close contact, make
secure, &c. Egesha chombo
pivani, bring a vessel to land,
moor, make fast. E. mashua
ngazini, secure a boat to the
gangway
of
a
ship.
Sikumwegesha naye, I did not
bring him into contact with
him, introduce him to him,

-ekevu, a. having aptitude,

having capacity,of persons.
(Cf. wekevu, and -elekevu, of
which it is a shortened form,
-ekevu, for -eekevu, -elekevu. See
Elekea.)
Ekua

dari, break through a concrete

ceiling. Nt. ekuka. Maji yameekua
ngazi, the water has broken down

the steps (by undermining them).

Mwizi ameekua mlango, the thief
broke down the door. Boriti ya dari
imeekuka, a rafter of the ceiling has
given way. Also of breaking up a
road, or floor. (Perh. a variant of
wekua and tekua, with same
meaning. Cf. egemea and tegemea.)
-ekundu, a. (nyekundu with D 4
(P), D 6, jekundu with D 5 (S)),
red * of all shades and varieties
scarlet, purple, pink, &c. Of
European complexion fair, fresh,
ruddy/ of native light-coloured,
reddish yellow/ esp. of Arabs. (ekundu,
-eupe,
white,
and
-eusi, \)lack, are the only simple
adjs. of colour in Swahili, others
are supplied by reference to
typical objects.)

. make him a friend of his. Ps.

*Ela, conj. also Ilia, Ila, except,
egeshwa. Ap. egesh-ea, -ewa, &c.
Rp. egeshana, e. g. moor two unless, but. (Ar., if not.* See
vessels
alongside,
bring Ilia.)
together, come into contact.
*Elafu, n. and a., a thousand.
Ehee, int. of assent (spoken (Ar. See Elfu.)
with rising intonation, and
*-ele, a. sick, ill, bed-ridden.
stress on last syllable), yes, just
so, I quite understand. (Contr. (Ar. See Mwele, Uele.)
Ee-he, ee-e, of dissent, and cf. aElea, v. (1) float, be afloat,
haa.)
swim (of things), be on the
Ekerabi, n. or Ikirahi, surface. Chombo chaelea, the vessel

EGEMEA

is afloat. Cs. ele-za, -zwa, set afloat,

swim. Cf. chelezo. (2) Of
uncomfortable internal feeling,
moyo wanielea, my heart palpitates,
my stomach is upset, I feel sick, I
am nervous. Cs. eleza moyo,
nauseate, make nervous, affect the
heart or stomach. (3) fig. be clear,
be intelligible. Maneno yake
yamenielea, his statement is intelligible to me, I understand what he
says. Ps. elewa. Sielewi maana, I do
not see the meaning. Cs. ele-za,
zwa, explain, make clear. Ntakueleza habari, I will explain the
matter to you. Also Ap. ele-zea,
zewa, in same meaning. (Dist.
eleka, and elekea, which see.)
*Eleka, v. carry astride on the
hipas native women do their
children, secured by the arm.
Mama, nieleke, mother, please carry
me. As to rnwana na eleke jiwe hivi,
whoever has not a child, let her
just bring a stone instead. Cs.
form, elekanya, pile up one on
another. (Ar. Cf. beba, and
mbeleko.)

Eleke a, v. Ap. also Iiekea,(i )

point to, be directed towards,
incline to, tend to, be opposite,
face, correspond to,.agree with;
(2) be rightly directed, be
satisfactory, turn out well,
succeed. Anaelekea kwcnda, he is
inclined to go. Maneno haya yameelekea, this matter has been
satisfactory. Cs. elek-eza, -ezwa,
point, direct, show the way to.

58

ELEKA

(contradictory), agree, correspond.

Obs. also elekana, correspond. Cs.
eleke-anisha, -ani- shwa. (Poss.
conn, with Elea, which see, and cf.
follg.)
-elekevu, a. also -lekevu, and
ekevu, handy, apt, having a
capacity for or a knack of. Mitt
mwelekevu wa kazi, a good capable
workman. (Cf. ekkea, &c.)
Elemea, v. See Lemea.
Elfoen, n. and a., two
thousand. (Ar. dual of elfu. Cf. syn.
elfu ttibili.)

Elfu, n. (, and ma-), also Elf,

Elafu, and a., a thousand,
thousands. Rd. elfu elfu, of
enormous numbers, myriads, -a
^//.thousandth. (Ar. alf, pi. a la/.
Cf. elfeett, and syn. viia kumi, and
obs. e for a.)
Elimisha, v. Cs. with variants
limusha,
impart
knowledge to, instruct, teach,
educate. ls. etemishwa. (Ar. Cf.
clem'sha,
elimu.)

Elimu, n. and Ilmu,

knowledge, learning, wisdom,
science, education, doctrine,
teaching. Elimu ndio tnwanga
tiongozao, knowledge is the
guiding light. (Ar. Cf. mwalimu,
viaalamti, mtaalamu, elimisha, and
syn. hekima, busara, maarifa,

akili.)
Sermala waria awalekeza waanafunzi
-ema, a. (ttjema with D 4 (P), D
bass, the master carpenter merely 6, jema
D 5 (S)), good,
gives directions to his apprentices. includingwith
goodness of all kinds
El. chornbo, steer a ship. J/l. and degrees,
whatever commends
btmdttki, aim a gun. El. kidole, point itself to feelings,
taste, reason, or
the finger. El. njia, show the right conscience; and translatable
in a
course. El. ttia, direct attention. corresponding variety of ways,

Ekkezana, come to an agreement pleasant,

beautiful,
sensible,
among themselves. Rp. elekeana, right. Mtiungu ni mwema, God is
be directed towards each other, or good. Chakttla ehema, nice food.
to a common point, be facing one Kazi njenta, sound workmanship.
another,
be
opposite Uso mwema, a handsome face.

Dawa rijema lakini si njema, the go,

medicine is effective, but nasty.

Lina- lokttja kwa Muungti lote jema,
all is good that comes from God.
Verna, adv., well, rightly, nicely,
&c. A common rejoinder of assent
is vema, also njema, tigetna, very
well, certainly. Serna vema, speak
clearly. Tengetteza vema, arrange
carefully. Sometimes without a
noun, mema na tnaovu ndio
ulimwengu, the world is a mixture
of good and evil. (Cf. syn. (in
some senses) -zuri, -zima, and
contr. -baya, -ovu, -bovu. Occasionally -ema, like -ote, -enyewe,
takes pronominal forms. Jaxvabu
lenta, a good answer. Zema haziozi,
good things never go bad.)
-embamba, a. (nyemb. with D
4 (P), D 6, jembamba with D 5
(S)), narrow, thin, slim, pinched,
confined; (2) fine, delicate,
minute (in texture, fabric,
grain). Mtu rnw., a thin, span?
man. Mlango mw., a narrow
entrance, strait. Mchanga mw.,
fine sand, llewa nyemb., r allpenetrating, thin air. A guo
nyemb., fine, thin calico, gauze.
(Cf. batnba, ubamba, and contr.
-/ana, -nene.)

Embe, 1. (, and of size

ma-), mango, the fruit of the

mwembe, very plentiful for three

months, Dec. to

Feb., in Z. Various kinds are

known as ernbe dodo, very large;
sikio la pitnda, long and narrow in
shape; embe boribo, i.e. the
Bourbon mango. (See Mwembe,
and Tunda. Dist. ttembe.)
Embwe, n. (via-), a kind of gum
or glue. E. la inbuyu, a sticky paste
made from the fruit of the baobab
tree (mbuyu).
Enda, v. goincluding a wide
range of meanings under the
general idea of motion, such as (i)

move forward, proceed,

progress; (2) begin to go, start, set
off; (3) go away, depart, withdraw;
(4) go on, keep on, continue; (5)
move, have motion, be in motion,
act, work, operate; (6) make its
way, occnr, have a use, be
possible. (Cf. huenda, kwenda.)
Enda, go away, is commonly followed by a pronom. adj. with pfx.
z, as if with njia in plur.
understood. Naenda zangu, I am
going away. Enda zako, go (you)
away, also zake, zelu, zenu, zao. The
Rf. form jienda is used of
automatic, easy, or perpetual
motion, e.g. mashua inaji- enda, the
boat goes of itself. The Rd. form
enda enda denotes continued
motion, go on and on.* Enda is
used
in
some
phrases
idiomatically without idea of
movement, e. g. enda chafya,
sneeze; enda mwayo, yawn ; enda
wazimu, be mad, act as a madman.
Enda is also used as a semiauxiliary with future meaning and
often followed by an Infinitive
Mood without the Infinitive sign
ku-. Maji yaenda letwa, water is
going to be brought, but usu.
including the idea of some one
going for it. IVatu walikwenda
kwitwa, the people were sent for.
Mwivi aenda hukumiwa, the thief is
going to be tried. (See also
-endapo.) Enda tenibea, go a walk.
Enda kwa mignn, go on foot, walk.
Enda kwa frasi, ride. Enda kwa gari,
drive. Ap. (1) end-ea, -ewat -eka,
-ekeza, -eana, &c., go to (for, by,
in, &c.). Endca kuni, go for (to
fetch) firewood. Jiendeat go
voluntarily, walk for pleasure,
amuse oneself, stroll about;
(Contr. jienda above.) End eka,
admit of going upon, be passable,
be practicable, e. g. of a road. Njia
hii
haiendeki,
this road is
impassable. Hakuendeki, of the
weather or circumstances generally, travelling is out of the
question. Endekeza, make able to

EGEMEA

go, and so adapt, fit, put in order,

put to rights. (2) End-elea, -elewa,
-eleka, -eleza, &c., (a) move on,
progress, advance, increase, often
further defined by mbele, forward.
Endelea nyuma, go back, recede,
decrease, &c. (b) Continue
indefinitely, have no end. (Cf.
mwendelezi, maendeleo, &c.) Endeleza, cause to go on, prolong, keep
working at, make progress with.
End. manenOy make a long speech.
End. inkeka, work at a mat. End.
waraka, go on with a letter. Endeleza is also used of spelling, i.e.
making the letters or words go on.
End. neno hili, spell this word. Cs.
end-esha, -eshwa, -eshanat cause to
go, permit to go, assist to go, send,
dispatch, pay passage of, show the
way to, accompany, &c. Ende- ska
mtoto, teach a child to walk.

58
ELEKA
Endesha kazi, push on a job. Rp.
endana, e.g. magurudnnm yake yanaendana vizuri, its wheels all work

together beautifully, e.g. of watchwork. (Cf. nenda, enenda, mwendo,

endeleo,
mwendelezi,
huenda,
-endapo, &c.)
-endapo, a verb-form used, with
Pers. Pfx., and sometimes endapo
only for all persons, as a conj. *in
case of, if, when it happens that,
e. g. nend- apo nikifa ao nikaugua,
suppose I died or was taken ill.
(From enda with the generalized
meaning happen, take place, and
-po, which see. Cf. huenda.)
Endeleo, n. (ma-), usually in plur.
form, going on, progress, advance,
success. (Cf. enda, mwendelezi, &c.

ENEA

Cl

-ENYEWE

Enenzi, n. (/;/-), esp. in plur.,

Enea, v. be spread out (abroad, going, walking, pace, gait, way of
going
on, behaviour. Maenensi ya
over), be extended over (among,
in), be diffused in, permeate, foie foie (ya haraka, ya ufiesi), slow
cover whole extent (of), become
generally known (among, to, in),
be distributed (to), be coextensive
(with), correspond (to), be suited
(fitted, adapted, for), &c. Muiingu
aenea dunia yote, God pervades the
whole world, God is omnipresent.
Maji yameenea inchi yote, the water
has inundated the whole country.
)

Amewagawanyia watu ttguo, lakini

haikuenea, he distributed cloth to

the people, but it did not go

round. Upanga amckucnca, the
sword is just your size. Ps. enewa.
Cs. ene-za, -zwa, -zca, -zana,8cc., (i)
spread, extend, cause to cover,
distribute, make coextensive with,
adapt, suit; (2) compare, cause to
fit, measure one thing with
another, take measure of, judge.
Walicnezana,
they
compared
themselves. Alieneza mtoto wake, he
took
his
sons
measure.
(Cf.enenza.) Muungu amemwenezea
killa mtu riziki zake, God has put the
means of living in every mans
hands. Eneza habari, publish news,
divulge information, advertise.
l<f. jieneza. Alijieneza mwili tnzima
se/aha, he armed himself from
head to foot. (Cf. eneo, enezi,
enenza.)

Enenda, v. also Nenda, same as enda in

the simple senses, * go, move, proceed, go
on,
but
not
used
by
natives
indiscriminately, and not usually in any
derived forms. If^aka- ettenda mji
mwingine, and they went to another town.
Tumbo la ku~ enenda, dianhoca.

Enenza, v. and Enza, (1)

examine, inspect, consider; (2)
measure, take the measure of,
compare by measurement. Rp.
enenzana. (Cf. eneza (2), with
which it appears identical, and
enezi, but obs. enenzi follg., and
enenda.)

(hasty, quick) going. (Cf. enenda, Ap. eng- alia, -uliiva. (Cf. prec.)
-enu, a. pronom. of 2 Pers. P.,
your, yours, of you. (For the prefixes, and use in combination with
Eneo, n. (ma-), extent, spread, ninyior wcnyewe,oz both,see -ake.)
range, reach, province, covering
powder, extent covered or
-enyewe, a. (like -enyi, follows
affected, sphere of influence. E. la the rules of the pronominal adjecMu- tittgit, omnipresence of God. tives, -angu, -ako, &c., as to agreeE. la marathi, spread of sickness, ment with nouns), used to express
affected area. (Cf. enea, and follg.) identity, distinctness, and (of
persons)
personality.
Mtu
Enezi, n. (ma-), spreading out, mwenyewe, the man himself, the
extension,
distribution.
Cf. very person, the particular
Muungu ni mwenezi, God is the individual. Kasha lenynve, the
Great Giver. Maenezi ya chakula, actual box.
Vitu vyenyewe,
dealing out of portions of food,
making food go round. (Cf. enea, the very things.
Often with the
enezi, eneo, &c.)
personal
pronouns,
mi
mi
mwenyewe, wewe nnvenyewe, &c, I
myself,
you
yourself,
and
Enga, v. (1) split up, slice up,
with nafsi added, ttipo
used of preparing cassava sometimes
mi mi mwenyrwe nafsi yangu, here I
am, my own projKr
{muhogo) for cooking. Also (2)
coddle, pet,of treating a child articular self. Sitaki mwcnyrwc,
with overcarefulness. Sometimes \ utterly refuse, I will not have it,
Rd. enga enga viioto, spoil a child a strong emphatic refusal. Also
(by petting). Ps. engwa. Ap. engwith ji in reflexive verbs, c.g.
ea, -ewa. (Cf. engna.)
aliiiumiza mwenyewe, he hurt
Engua, v. skim, take scum off,
remove froth, &c., as of himself. Mali ya mwenyewe, the
fermenting liquor, or in cookery. property of th
eowner, i. e. of some one else, not -enyi mali, wealthy, -e. mawe, stony,
mine or yours. (Cf. -enyi, and -e. uzuri, beautiful, -e. kuwa, selfmwenyewe.)
existent, -e. enzt, all-powerful, -e.
watu wengi, populous, -e. tumbo,
Enyi, int. of 2 Pers. P., You corpulent, -e. miniba, pregnant.
there ! 1 say, you ! (For ee ninyi. (Cf. similar use of prep, -a.) (2)
Cf. ewe for ee wewe.)
Verb-forms,
enda, mwenendo.)

-enyi, a. (also -enye, following

the
rules
of
pronominal
adjectives, -angu, &c., as to
agreement with nouns), having,
possessing, with, in a state or
condition of. Always followed by
a noun or equivalent, defining the
object, state, condition, &c.
referred to. Largely used to supply
the lack of adjectives, in Swahili,
admitting as it does of
combination with (1) Nouns, e.g.

not only Infinitive, -enyi kutawala,

ruling, reigning, -e. kwenda,
capable of movement, &c., but
also finite forms and even
sentences,e.g. mwenyi ameiba, the
man who has stolen, the thief.
Mwenyi hawezi, a sick man. Nani
mwenyi ataka kwenda ? Who wants
to go ? Hao ndio wenyi
hawakuwapo,
these are the
absentees. Penyi, kwenyi, mwenyi
are also commonly used for

defining
time,
place,
or
circumstances. Penyi mwitu, in a
forest. Kwenyi Ijumaa, on Friday.
Mwenyi hapo, when he is absent, in
his absence. (Cf. -enyewe,
mwenyeji, mwenyi, mw- inyi.)
Enza, v. See Enenza.
*Enzi, n. also Ezi, supreme
power, sovereignty, dominion,
rule. Mwenyi ezi Mngu, Almighty
God. Kiti cha enzi, chair of state,
throne. (Ar. Cf. syn. mamlaka,
utawala, ngnvu, &c.)

Epua, v. also Ipua (which

see), put out of the way, move
away, take off, remove. Epua
chungu motoni, take the pof off
the fire. (Cf. contr. teleka, put
on.) Nt. epttka (see below). Ap.
epu-lia, -liwa, -lika. Chuma cha
kuepulia sufuria, an iron handle
for lifting off a cooking-vessel.
Hence epu-liza, -lizwa, cause to
remove, allow to take away.
Cs. epu-sha, -shwa, Intens.,
reject, put away, avoid, keep at
a distance. Nimepushwa, I am
kept from, forbidden to do
(take,
&c.).

Epa, v. get out of the way of,

avoid being hit by, swerve from, Rp.
flinch, shirk, e. g. of avoiding a
missile, a blow, or any danger of epushana, e. g. of people
the sort. Epa jiwe, avoid a stone.
refusing to recognize each
other in passing. Nt. epuka,
Ps. epwa. Nt. epeka. Ap. ep-ea,
used as independent verb, like
-ewa, -eka, -ekika. Epea is also
epa, avoid, get out of the way
used for another point of view,
of, abstain from, withdraw
viz. fail to hit, not be in the
from, keep from. Ananiepuka,
line of, miss a mark, i. e. of
he avoids me, keeps out of my
throwing a missile, &c.
way,also anaepuka nami. Ps.
Bunduki yaepea, the gun misses,
epukwa, be avoided. Ap. epukdoes not shoot straight. Put
ia, -iwa. Cs. epuk-isha, -ishwa.
epeka,
be
avoided,
be
Rp. epukana, be estranged,
avoidable. Inaepeka, it is
disunited, discordant, keep out
avoidable, you can get out of
of
the way of it. (Cs. ep-esha,
-eshwa. Rp. epana. Cf. epna.)
each others way,less pointed
and deliberate than epushana
-epesi, a. also sometimes
above. (Cf. epa.) '
-pesi (tiyepesi with D 4 (P), D
6, jepesi with D 5 (S)), (1)
-erevu, a. (ny erevu with D 4
quick, agile, swift, active,
(P), D 6, jerevu with D 5 (S)),
nimble, willing, energetic; (2)
shrewd,
clever,
canning,
overquick, hasty, rash, imparesourceful, canny, crafty,not
tient, fiery, quick-tempered;
often a term of praise, but not
always in disparagement, as
(3)
-janja. (Perh. cf. eleat rnwele- wa,
and follg., and contr. -jinga,
light (in weight, importance,
pumbafu.)
&c.), easily moved, light in
texture, fine, thin, delicate,
Erevuka, v. become shrewd, be
insignificant, of no weight or
clever, have worldly wisdom,
consequence. Adv. upesi. Njoo
have the eyes open. Cs. erevu-ska,
upesi, come at once. (Cf. upesi,
-shwa, make wise, teach prudence
also rahisi, light in weight, and
to, open the eyes of, initiate in the
contr. -ziio, and as adv. hima,
ways of the world. (Cf. prec.)
marra moja, sasa hivi.)

*Eshu. n. also Isha, the latest

Mahommedan hour of prayer. Ku- jeusi with D 5 (S)), black (of any shade or
sali esha, to attend evening kind), dark-coloured, gloomy, dim, dusky,
prayers. Used for period from dark, including dark shades of blue, green,
6.30 p.m. to 8.30 p.m. (AJ. See red, &c., colours being mainly grouped
Sala.)
according to relative lightness and darkness.
I Vatu weusi, natives (in general), i.e. non-

-etu, a. pronom. of 1 Pers. P., our, Europeans. (Cf. weusi, giza, and opp.
ours, of us. (For the prefixes and use in -eupe, &c.)
combination with sisi, or wenyewe or
Ewaa, int. or Eewaa, commonly used in
both, see -ake.)
assent, by inferiors or slaves, Yes, Sir I

Eua, v. (sometimes heard as

Certainly, Sir! Also of approval, Just so,

defilement by the usual Mahommedan rites, or a sprinkling as a

charm against disease. Aiwanamke amcculiwa ujusi, the woman
has been purified of her
unclcanncss. (Cf. -eupe, wcuo, and
syn. takas a, tohara.)

say, you 1in calling attention or in

remonstrance.

ana, cf. geuza,gauza),makc white, that is right.* (Ar. wallah, Yes, by God. Cf.
whiten, clean, cleanse, purify, Inshallah, wallai, &c.)
perh. only used in a ceremonial
Ewe, int. for ee wewe, You there ! I
sense,
purification
after

oupe, a. (tiyeupe with D 4 (P),

D (sjeube with D 5 (S)), (1) white,
of any shade or kind, lightcoloured,
bright,
clear,
transparent; (2) clean, clear of all
obstruction, open, unoccupied ;
(3) pure, righteous. IVatu weupe,
white people, Europeans, but it is
also used of light-coloured Arabs,
Indians, Abyssinians, &c. Aloyo
tuweupe, a pure, honourable,
upright character. Inchi haina
mwitu, ny- eupe, the country is open
and treeless. Peupct an open place,
clearing in a forest, square in a
town, unoccupied ground. Kweupet

Ewedeka, v. Sec Wewedeka.

Eza, v. See Enza for Enenza.
Ezeka, v. thatch, cover with thatch, i. e.
usually with grass, reeds, or cocoanut
leaves, makuti. E. paa, cover a roof with
thatch. E. ny- umba, thatch a house. Ps.
ezekwa. Ap. ezekea, of men or material,
sina mtu wa (tnaliya) kuniezekea, I
have no one (no means) to do my thatching.
(Cf. follg.)
Ezua, v. take thatch off, strip a roof,
uncover the rafters,as is done, e. g. in Z.,
when a fire is spreading. (Cf. prec.)
P.

F represents the same sound as in

English.

E and v are not distinguished in Arabic,

and in some Swahili words they nrc not
clearly distinguishable, ns in the adjectival
dawn of day, morning light, fine weather.
(Cf. opp. -eusi, also -ekundu and note, termination -fu or -in, e.g. in -kamilifu,
eua, &c., and for brightness * weupe, -vumiltvu, and in words like futa vuta),
nuru, uattgafu, ntwanga.)

Jiringa (viringa), fukiza vttkiza), funJa

-eusi, a. (nyeusi with D 4 (P), D 6, (yut/ja), though a

difference of meaning is often involved. Cf. faa and vaa, fua and
vita, 8cc. Hence words not found
under F may be looked for under
V.

put to death. Amemfishia kazi yake,

he has ruined his work. Jifisha,
destroy oneself, of suicide. (Cf.
-fu, ufu, kifo, fufua, ?ffa.)
Faa, v. be of use, be good of
its kind, help, be enough, do (i.e.

F before the ciPusal formative suf

-y sometimes represents p in the
simple verb, e. g. ogopa has a Cs. fice). Zawadi yako ilinifaa Sana,
form ogofya as well as ogojisha, your present was of great service
and apa has afya as well as apisha, to me. Itafaa, it will do. IJaifai, it
apiza. (Cf. similar change of v for is of no use, nonsense, rubbish.
b in gomba, ugomvi, iba, inwivi.)
Ma- neno yasiyofaa, improper
language. Kufaa hakuthuru, being
Fa, v. (also kufa in some forms. of use does no harm. Ps. fawa (not
For the use of kit- before usual). Ap. falia, faliwa, faliana.

monosyllabic verb-roots see Ku- i

(</).)
(i)

Rp.

faanai give mutual assistance, &c.

die, perish, cease to be (live, act, (Cf. mafaa, kifaa. Fana is somework, feel) ; (2) lose strength, times used for faa. Cf. fanikia.)
decay, fade, be benumbed ;
(3)
Fafanisha, v. also Fafanusha,
compare, explain (i. e. use
come to an end. Wengi walikitfa liken,
comparison
and illustration),
vitani, many died in war. Kufa, or make clear. Nifafanishe na nini?
kufa kwa, marathi (;njaa, maji, What shall I liken it to? Fafanisha
baridi, &c.), to die by pesti
ma- neno, explain a statement,
a clear statement. (Cf.
lence (famine, drowning, cold, make
&c.). Njia imekufa, the path is mfano, fa- nana, and follg.)
disused. Sheria inakufa, the law is
v. (1) explain ; also
falling into abeyance, becoming (2) Fafanua,
recognize, understand, see
obsolete. Ap.fia,fwa, esp. (1) in clearly.
Nt.fafanuka, be clear, be
local sense, fia barra (bahari), die known, be
With Ap.
up country (at sea), and (2) in a fafanukia, beintelligible.
clear to. Nyurnba ya
pathetic sense, die to the loss or Sultani imefafanukia
,
the
sorrow of, e. g. amefta mamaye, he place is clearly in view. ApSultans
fafanuhas died to his mothers sorrow, lia, -liwa, make clear to. Cs.fafanuhe has died and left his mother to sha, -shwa, make clear, explain.
mourn him. Maua yamenifia kwa (Cf. mfano, fanana, fafanisha, and
jua, the sun has killed my poor syn. tavibua, pambanua, eleza '.)
flowers. Kufa jua and kufa jua are
used of sunstroke. Esp. common
Fagia, v. sweep (with brush,
in the Ps., i. e. fiwa, have a death broom, besom). Ps. fagiwa. Ap.
in ones family or among ones fagi-lia, -liwa, sweep at, sweep
friends. Ku- mefiwa, there has been away (for, with, in, &c.). Sinaya
a death. Alifiwa ua mtoto, he lost kufagilia, I have nothing to sweep
his child. Nakimbia pafrwapo, with. Fame- fagiliwa vizuri, the
nakimbilia pali- wapo, I run from a place is beautifully swept. (Cf.
house of mourning, I run to a fagio, ufagio.)
house of feasting. Cs. fislia, fishwa,
fshia, fshiwa, fishana, cause to die,

FA

64

Fagio, n. (ma-), a large brush,

broom, besom,for sweeping
floors, &c. (Cf. common ufagio.)
*Fahali, n. (ma-), bull, seldom
in Z. of other male animals.
Mafahali wawili hawakai zizi moja,

two bulls cannot live in the same

farmyard. But used descriptively
of men, of special manliness,
vigour, courage, &c. (Ar. of male
horse or camel.)
*-fahamifu, a. intelligent,
acute, with quick comprehension,
having a good memory. (Ar. Cf.
fahamu.)

*Fahamu,
perceive,

v.

(1)

know,

FAHAMU

comprehend, understand ; (2)

remember, recall to mind, bear in
mind; (3) be conscious, have ones
senses. Often in Imperat. as a kind
of expletive. Fahamu! or merely Faham ! Take notice! Observe! Lo and
behold! I tell you ! Ps. fahami- iva.
'iXt.fahamika. Ap. faham-ia, -iwa. Cs.
faham-isha, ishwa; cause to know,
inform, instruct, remind, put in
mind. n. sense, consciousness.
Kupata
fahamu,
recover consciousness, come to ones senses.
Hatia fahamu ya tnoyo, he has lost
consciousness. (Ar. Cf. tambua, jua,
sikia, and for remember, k lint buka
; also ufahamu, ufahamifu.)
Fahari, n. (1) grandeur, glory, pomp,
sublimity, magnificence ; (2) display, show,
ostentation. Sultani attakaa kwa fahari
kubwa, the Sultan lives in great state. Piga
fahari, play the grandee, make a vulgar show
of wealth. Sofanya f^jifatiya f v. Rf.
jifaharisha,vaake a display, show off. *
Faida, n. and Fayida, profit, gain,
advantage, interest. (Ar. Cf. chumo, fata.)
Faidi, v. get profit (from), derive benefit
(from, by), turn to good account, prosper.
Ap.faid-iat -iwa. Cs.fatdisha. (Ar. Cf.
syn. churna.)
Faitika, v. be delayed, be kept back, be
hindered (from going, &c.). (Ar.)
Fakiri, n. a poor person, beggar. (Ar. Cf.

fukara, and syn. mask ini, mwombaji.)

Falaki. n. astronomy, astrology, csp. in

the phrasepiga/., i. c. (1) take the omens, by
observing the stars or other ways. Also (2)
fig. take time to consider. (Ar. Cf. piga baa,
iota- jimu, ramli, ndtge, &c., and follg.)
Fall, n. omen. (Arab.)
Fanana, v. be like, be similar, resemble,
with tia of object compared. Cs. fananisha,
make like, liken, compare. (Cf. mfatto, and
syn. lingatia.)

Fanikia, v. turn out well for,

succeed. Ps.fanikiwa, have (a thing)
turn out well, succeed, prosper. Cs.

fanik-isha, -ishwa, -ishia, -ishiwa,

(Cf. fanya, and fana,faai)
Fanusi, n. lantern, lamp. (Ar.)

Fanya, v. make. One of the

commonest verbs in Swahili,
always implying some result,
purpose, or object, beyond
mere act, for which tenda is
used. Its many applications
may be distinguished as(1)
make, make to be, produce,
manufacture.
F.

kasha

(ttjia,

shamba),

make a box (road,

plantation). Zifanywazo,
manufactured articles.
F. ndege, make a (model
of, picture of, an
artificial) bird. (Cf.
un/ba, and huluku, of
actual creation.) F.
mayai', produce eggs. F.
mali, amass wealth. F.
shauriy make a plan,
consider. (2) Do, work
at, engage in (of the
operation rather than
the result). F. kazi, work,
labour. F. biashara, carry
on trade. F. shtighuli,
attend to business.
Kifanyeni ? What steps
am I to take ? F.
vyovyote, act recklessly,
at random. (3) Bring
abont a result, cause,
compel. F. aende, take
steps to make him go,
make him go. (This
sense
is
usually
expressed
by
the
Causative
form
of
verbs, or by another
word
of
definite
compulsion,
e.
g.
lazimu, shurutisha, juzu.)
(4)

Bring

into

play,

FA

64

allow to happen, give

spontaneous vent to,
csp. of the feelings,
feel, show. F. furaha,
rejoice. F. hofu (hasira),
be afraid (angry). F.
fahariy give oneself airs,
play the grandee. (5)
Make in imagination,
suppose, regard as.
Umenifattya
mgonjwa, you

tmmi

thought
(made out) that I was ill
(when 1 was not).
fifanyay make oneself,
pretend to be, disguise
oneself as. Usifanye
tttzaha, do not suppose it
is a joke, do not make
fun of it. Ps. fattywa. Nt.
fanyika, e. g. be done, be
able to be done, be
practicable. Hcnctfattyikia, -iktwa, be done for (for the

benefit of, &c.), turn out well for ;

FAHAMU

and also be favourable to, favour,

give prosperity to. Nimefanyikiwa,
I have prospered, things have
gone well with me. Ap. fany-ia,
-iwa, -iana, e. g. do for (to, with,
at, &c.). Cs. fany-iza, -izwa ; also
fanza, fanzwa. Hence fany-izia,
-iziwa, -izika, fanzia, fanziwa, cause
to make, cause a making of, cause
to be made, repair, put in order,
mend, have (a thing) done (by
giving orders, personal attention,
&c.), provide, get ready. Nifanzie
nyumba hii, have this house put in
order for me. Ntafanyiza, I will
have it done (see to it). Fanza
ehakulay get a meal ready.
Sometimes intensive, e. g.
wakamfanza killa nfimna, they did
all sorts of things to him (of illtreatment). Up. fany ana, of
mutual, concerted action, cooperation, e. g. with kazi, work;
skauri, deliberation ; biashara,
trade. (In some of the deriv.
forms, the_y sound is often not

distinguishable, e. g. faniza, fanika,

and cf. fanikia, v. Cf. tenda, which
can sometimes be used convertibly with fanya.)
Fara, n. brim, brimful. Pis hi
ya far a, a full pis hi (see Pishi\
about 6 oz. weight. Fara ya pishi is
also used for 12 pishi, i.z. fara, a
dozen. Adv. fara, or far afar a, e. g.
kujaa farafara, to be full to the
brim, be quite full. (Ar. Cf.
furifuri, furika, and perh. fura.)
Faragha,
n.
privacy,
seclusion, leisure, retirement,
secrecy. Sina f leo, I have no time
to-day, I am engaged. Faraghani,
in seclusion, in secrecy. Kwa
faragha, and as adv. faragka,
secretly, privately. (Ar. Cf. siri,
upweke, ularva, eda.)
Faraja, n. comfort, relief,
cessation
of
pain,
ease,
consolation. Fata f, be relieved.
(Ar. Cf. fariji, and follg., and syn.
baridi, utulizo.)

Farajika, v. Nt. See Fariji.

(Ar.)
Faraka, n. a comb-like instrument for keeping threads apart

FABO
farik-isha,

-ishtva, separate, set

part of a weavers
loom. (Ar. Cf.
67
FEIiEJI
fariki.)

apart, put away. Rp. see Fara- kana. (Ar. Cf. *Farakana, v. become parted, be
faraka, and syn. ondoka, tetiga, and for *estranged, be separated. Ktifaradie,'fa.')
kana hakuvtmji kujuana, separation is
Faro, n. See Kifaro.

not the end of acquaintance. (Ar.

Cf. faraka, fariki.)

Faroma, n. or Faruma, a block or mould

to put caps on after washing, to prevent Faranga, n. (ma-), young bird,
shrinking and preserve shape. (Ar.)
nestling, and esp. chick, chicken. (?

Farumi, n. ballast in a ship. ChotnboAr. faruj. Cf. syn. kinda, mtoto wa

halina kitu, utie farumi ki- pate kuwakuku.)
kizito, the dhow is empty, put some ballast on -faransa, a. and Fransa, F&rasa,
board to give it weight. (Hind.)
French. Mfaransa, a Frenchman.
Fashini, n. a block of wood fastened toKifransa, the French language, of
the stern post (burnid) in a native-builtthe French kind. Ufransa, or Fransa,
vessel, and carrying the rudder (nisukant). or Ulaya Fransa, France ({tomFranfais).
Fasihi, a. correct, pure, elegant, lucid (in
taste or style), esp. of utterance or writings. *Farasi, n., commonly Frasi,
Ni f wa kusema, he has a good style ofhorse. Enda kwa frasi, ride, go on
speaking. (Ar. Cf. ufasihi, and syn. swafii) horseback (contr. enda kwa miguu).

Faaiki, n. an immoral, profligate, viciousMpanda frasi, a horseman, trooper

person. (Ar. Cf. ufasiki, and syn. asherati,(in cavalry). Panda frasi (or, juu ya

frasi), mount a horse. Shuka juu ya

frasi, dismount. Also used in
Fasili, n. sprout, shoot. Huna asilijoinery,cross-bar, tie-beam. (Ar.)
ualti fas Hi, you have neither root nor
mfisadu)

offshoot, i. e. family or connexions, position Farathi, n. (1) a

or prospects. (Arab.)
necessity, obligation,

matter of
prescribed

Faairi, v. explain, interpret, translate. Ps.duty, esp. of religion. Nina farathi ya

I am bound to have some food
fasiriwa. Nt. fa~ sirika. Ay.fasir-ia, -iwa.kula,
(cf. lazima, sharti). (2) Place of
Cs. fasiri-sha, -shwa. (Ar. Cf. ufa- siri,resort, haunt, usual abode. Chakula
tafsiri, and syn. fafanua, eleza.)
pale . ulapo, ndio farathi yako, where
Fataki, n. gun cap. Also used ofyou take your
crackers, and other small fireworks. (Ar.)
abode. (Ar.)

meals, that is your

.

Fathaa, n. and Fazaa, dismay, confusion,

Fariji, v. comfort, console, reperplexity, trouble, dis- auiet, bustle,
lieve, ease, bless. Ps. farijiwa. Nt.
agitation. Muungu hana fathaa, yuna
(and farajika). Ha- far ijiki
saburi, God is not hasty, but patient.farijika
she is quite inconsolable.
Shikwa na /., be thrown into confusion. (Ar.kabtsa,
Ap. farij-ia, -iwa, -iana, (Ar. Cf.
of fear. Cf. follg. and syn. ghasia, B. mas

hah a, matata.)

faraja, mfariji, and syn. burudisha,

luliza,)

Fathaika, v. be troubled, disturbed,

confused, &c., see Fathaa. Cs. fatha-isha, Fariki, v.
part company
-ishwa, abash, con-

die,

(1) depart (from),

(with), but esp. (2)

decease. Hawezi kumfariki

mkewe, he cannot bear to leave his
wife. Amefariki dunia, he has

departed this life (lit. from the

world). Ap. farik-ia, -iwa, -iana.
Amefarikiwa na mumewe, she has lost
her husband (by death or
desertion). Cs.

,found, startle. (Ar. CL fathaa, and trees and brushwood, clear forest
syn. angaika, stuka.)
land. Feka mwitu, moke a clearing
in a forest.
Fathili, v. do a kindness (to),
confer a favour (on), put under an
Felefele, 11. an inferior kind of millet
obligation, esp. as the act of a su- (mtama).
perior. Ps. fathiliwa. Nt. fa- thilika,
Feleji, n. or Fereji, steel of a 2
receive
a
favour.
Muungu
hafathiliwi, there is no such thing
as doing God a favour. Cs. fathilisha, -shwa,
put under an
obligation. n. also Fathali,
favour,
kindness,
benefit,
privilege. Akili ni f. aliyo- fathiliwa
bin Adamu, intellect is a special
privilege conferred on man.
Nimckula f yao, I have experienced
kindness from them, I am under
an obligation to them. Hana (or
hajui) /., he has no sense
offavour, he is ungrateful. Lipa
return a kindness. (Ar. Cf. afathali,
tafathali.)

Fatiha, n. and F&tiha, a Mahommedan office, or form of

service, usually a reading from
the Coran, used at various
ceremonies, e. g. marriage, a
funeral,
visiting
a
grave,
occujtying a new house, starting
on an expedition. (Properly, but
not only, of an opening or
introductory service, cf. hitima
similarly of a closing service.)
Soma/., toaf., perform a service,
usually the office of a mwalimu.
Jumbc akawaombea fa- tiha wavuvi,
the chief had a dismissal service
for the fishermen. (Ar. Cf. sal a,
hitima, buruda, hu- tuba, &c.)
Fatiishi, v. prey, search, be inquisitive. (Ar. Cf. ta/iti.)
Faulu, v. (i) of a vessel, get
round (a point), get past, weather,
and hence (2) succeed, obtain
ones wish. Amefaulu, he lias made
his point, he has scored. (Ar. Cf.
syn. pat a, sh inda, fan ihiwa.)
Feka, v. also Fyeka, clear away

FABO

good quality. Upanga wa f.t a long

straight double-edged sword,
often carried by Arabs. (Ar.
Ci.pua.)
*Feleti, v. discharge, let go, release, procure release of, esp. of
discharging an obligation or debt
for some one. (Arab. Cf. fungua,
komboa.)

67

FEIiEJI

bead. (Cf. marijani, and akiki.)

*Fetheha, n. disgrace, a
disgraceful thing, shame, scandal.
(Ar. Cf. follg. and syn. aibu, hayal)
*Fethehe, v. disgrace, bring
shame on, dishonour, put to
shame.
Ps.
fethehewa.
Nt.
fetheheka. Cs. fetheh-esha, -eshwa.
(Ar. Cf. aibisha, tahayarisha,

*Feli, n. act, deed, way of tweza.)

acting. Ndio feli ya yule mtoto, that
*Feuli,
n.
baggage
is what the boy did, the way he compartment,
in stern of native
went on. Umrudi aache feli yake, vessel.
reprove him that he may leave off
his (bad) ways. (Arab. Cf. syn. B.
*Fi, prep, on, with, in such
tendo, kitendo, kazi.)
phrases as saba fi saba, seven by
times seven; also ex*Fenessi, n. (wa-), jack-fruit. seven, seven
by saba marra saba, seven
See Mfenessi. F. la kizungu is used pressed
times seven. (Arab.)
of both durian, and bread-fruit.
*Fereji, n. (wa-), a large ditch,
channel. Cf. more usual mfereji.
(Ar. Cf. handaki, shi/no.)
*Feruzi,
n.
turquoise,a
common name among the lower
classes, like Almasi, diamond.
(Ar.)
*Fetaa, v. commonly Fetwa,
give a legal decision, judge a
point (of Mahommedan) law, give
judgement. Ps. fetiwa, be judged,
be sentenced. (Arab, for usual
hukumu, amua.)

*Fetha, n. (i) silver; (2) money,

coin, cash,in general. Mkufii wa
f, silver neck-chain,often of
great length, as a convenient
means of investing and storing
money. Ana f nyingi, he is very
wealthy. F. tayari (or, mkononi),
ready money, cash (cf. taslimu,
nakudi). F. ya kuchwa, a days pay.
(Ar. Cf. for coin, sarafu, pesa.)
*Fethaluka, n. marijani ya f, the
true red coral. Ushanga wa f, ?a
shiny semi-transparent kind of

Fia, v. Ap. See Fa.

Fiata, v. See Fyata.
Ficha, v. hide (from), conceal
(from), disguise, take shelter
(from), give shelter (to), cover.
With double obj. Amenificha
habari, he concealed the news
from me. Alimficha kofia, he hid his
cap from him. Ps. fchwa, (1) be
hidden from (something) ; (2) be
kept from seeing (knowing,
hearing something). Nt, fichika.
Ap. fich-ia, -iwa. Alim- fichia kofia,
he hid his cap for him (at his
request), or from him, i.e. to his
loss or sorrow, like the Pr. ficha.
Cs.fich-isha, -ishwa. Rp. fichana,
conceal (or, hide) from each
other; fichamana, hide themselves
away all together (or, by common
consent). Rf. jificha, &c. Kujificha mvna, take shelter from rain.
Kihetna cha kujifichia, a tent to take
refuge in. Bandari hii imejificha kwa
upepo mbaya, this port is sheltered
from dangerous winds. (Cf.
kificho, mfichifichi, mfichaji', and
syn. setirijfunika.)

Ficho, n. usually in plur., i. e. Ap. Jxk-ia, - iwa, -ika, -tana. Waraka

waficho,
hiding-place, wako umenifikia,, your letter has
concealment, disguise. (Cf. ficha.) reached me. Fikika, be accessible,
be approachable, be hospitable
*Fidi, v. ransom, pay ransom (cf. jika, karibikd). Also jik-iliay
for, deliver by payment. Mali yake -iliwa. Nimejikiliwa, I have had an
imcmfidi katika kifungo, his wealth arrival of guests, I am engaged
got him out of prison. Ps.fidiwa. with visitors. Fikiliza, see Mow.
Ap. Jidia. Amemfidia babaye kwa Cs.fik-isha, - ishwa, -iza,-izwa, -iliza,
reale mia, he has paid ransom for -iltzwa,
with
further
his father with a thousand dollars. deriv.yfa/jArVz, Jikilizia, &c.
(Ar. Cf. dia,fidia, kifidio, and Chakula hiki kitanifi- kisha ku>etuy
common syn. komboa, ukombozi.) this food will take me home.
Ntamfikisha tnbclc ttjiatti, I will
*Fidia, n. ransom, fine, money conduct him some way on the
paid as composition or reparation. road. Alimfikishia mbele mzigo, he
Huytt hawi fidia ya gidamu ya kiatu carried his load ahead for him.
cha babangu, he is not worth my Fikiliza mabaya, bring evil (on).
fathers shoe-lace. (Ar. Cf. did, Fikiliza ahadi, perform a promise,
and prec.)
carry out an engagement.
Fikilishia matu- kano, abuse.
Fifla, v. be dying away, fade, Fikizana and other Rp. forms, sec
pine, dribble away, disappear, e.g. below.' Rp.fikaua, arrive together.
of a flower, an ink spot, a scar, Hence fikanisha. Fikiana, meet
&c. Ps. Jt/iwa. Ap. Jifi-lia, -liwa. together, arrive at same place.
Rangiyakc imefifilia mbali, its colour Fikizana,
Jxkiliuina,
Jikiliana.
has completely faded away. Cs. Maneno haya yanajiki- liana, these
Jifi-liza, -lizwa, e. g. jua limeffiliza statements converge on the same
rnwanga wa mwili, the sun has point, come to the same thing,
taken all the gloss off the body. coincide. (Cf. tnjikoy and syn ,ja
Also of money disappearing (Jia), pata {patid), &c.)
gradually, filch away/ (Cf. fay
die, and fufua.)
Fikara, n. and Fikira, thought,
thoughtfulness,
meditation,
Figa, n. esp. in plur. rnafiga, i. consideration, reflection, esp. in
e. three stones used as a tripod to the plur. Ana f. zake, he is
support a cooking pot over a fire. thoughtful. Yuko katika f. zake, he is
Also called rnafya (see Jifya), but buried in thought. Wamepata f. ya
the common word in Z. town is kujenga, they have got an idea of
meko (for majiko, see Jiko).
building. (Ar. Cf. Jikiri, ufikira.)
Figili,n. (ma-), and Fijili, a
Fikicha, v. crumble in the
kind of radish, both root and fingers, rub to pieces, e.g. of
leaves being used as vegetables. lumps in flour, clods of earth, and
See Mfigili.
husking grain by rubbing.
Ps.yfkichwa. Nt Jiki- chika, -kana,
Figo, n. (wa-), kidney, but in be crumbly, easily crumbled,
Z. usually nso, which see.
friable. Ap. fiki-chiay -chiwa.
Fika, v. arrive (at), reach, get
*Fikiri, v. think (about),
to, come (to). F. Uttguja, arrive at ponder (over), meditate (upon),
Zanzibar. F. mji, or mjini, arrive at consider, reflect (about). Also Rd.
a town. F. kwake, reach his home. of deep or repeated thought. Ps.

FABO
67
FEIiEJI
fkiriwa. Nt. Jikirika. Ap. Jikiria, Abdallah. Ps. filishva. Nt. filisika,
-iwa. Cs.Jikir-isha, -ishwa, cause to of person or goods. Abdallah
think, make thoughtful, sober. amefihsika, Abdallah is bankrupt,
(Ar. Cf. waza, tia tnoyoni, and dist. has lost all his money. Ap. fills- ia,
thani, nia.)
-iwa. Cs.filis-isha, -ish wa. (Ar.)

Filia,v. Ap. from fa, fia (which

Fimbo, n. a stick, esp. a light
see).
stick carried in the hand, a
walking- stick, a switch. (Cf.
*Filiflli, n. (), a carpenters bakora for various kinds of stick,
square. (Hind.)
and ujito.)
Filimbi, n. a kind of flute. Mpi-

ga Jilimbi, a flute-player.

Fineasi, n. See Feneaai

Fingirika, v. falso occurs as

Filisi, v. sell up, declare
bankrupt, distrain on goods of, bingirika, and so in deriv. forms),
make bankrupt, ruin. Wall alintfilisi go by rolling (by turning round),
Abdallah, the governor sold up roll

round, be rolled along, as a

lognot as a stationary revolving
wheel (cf. ztt- nguka), but
implying movement, e. g. of a
wounded snake. Cs. fingir- isha,
-ishwa, push along something
round, roll (something) along.
Usi- choweza kuchukua, ufingirishe,
what you cannot carry, move by
rolling. (Cf. viringa, viringika,
mviringo, where v seems a variant
for f Also cf. zungitka, &c. of
circular motion, and duara, duru.)

clay, i.e. fanya vyombo vya udongo.

(Cf. mfinyanzi, and finya, of which
fifiyanza seems to be a derivative,
equivalent to finyanisha.)
Finyo, n. (ma-), crease, fold,
narrow
place,
narrowness.
Mafinyo ya usof wrinkles on the
face, whether of a frown or
grimace. Njiaya finyo, a narrow
road. (Cf. finya.)

Fira, v. commit sodomy,

adultery, fornication. libp.firana.

Finya, v. (i) pinch, pinch up,

*Firaka, n. penis. (Arab. Cf.
press with fingers or nails, nip;
(2) make (or, be) narrow syn. B. mboo. Cf. fariki.)
(pinched, contracted). Alinijinya
Firigisi, n. gizzard.
nikalia, he gave me a pinch, and I
screamed.
*Firuzi, n. See Feruzi. (Ar.)
F. jicho, half close the eye,
*Fisadi, n. (w-), a corrupter,
as in dozing. F. uso,
wrinkle the face, frown. esp. a corrupter of women, a
Kiatu chanifinya, the shoe seducer, an immoral person. (Ar.
is tight (pinches me). Cf. t fisadi, fisidi, and syn. fasiki,
Rd. finya- finya, used of mto- ngozi.)
pinching up, or crumbFisha, v. Cs. of fa, which see.
ling small, as food for
children. (Cf. vinya.) Rp
Fisi,n. the common kind of
finyana, (1) be pinched hyaena. (Cf. kingubwa.)
together, be wrinkled,
be creased, be folded;
*Fisidi, v. also Fisadi, corrupt,
(2)
be
narrowed, seduce, esp. of corrupting women.
contracted,
cramped, (Ar. Cf. fisadi.)
confined.
Uso
urntfinyana, his face is
Fithuli, a. and -fithuli, arrofrowning
(wrinkled). gant, insulting, officious, selfMlango umefinyana, the asserting. (Ar. Cf. ufitkuliy r)fithuli,
door is narrow. Adui and follg.)
sharti
afinyane,
the
enemy must certainly
Fithulika, v. be arrogant,
shrivel up. (Cifinyo bluster, use insulting language,
andfinyanga; and for swagger, be insolent. Ap. fithulipinching, nyakua, and kia, -kiwa, be insolent to. (Ar.
for making folds or Cf.fithuli, and kiburi.)
creases,
kunja,
kunjamana.)
Fitina, n. (1) discord,
variance, antagonism, quarrelling,
Finyanza, v. also Finyanga, misunderstanding. Fanya f., tia /.,
Finyanja, knead clay, with hands cause discord, slander, be cause
or feet, as potters do, and hence of discord. (2) Tumult, mutiny,
do potters work, make vessels of insurrection; (3) * a source of

FINYA

discord, an agitator, a fire-brand.

Akatokea mtu mmoja fitina , a certain
mischief-worker appeared on the
scene. (Ar. Cf. follg. and ufitina,
ugomvi, uasi.)

*Fitini, v. cause discord

(among), make mischief, set at
variance, cause to quarrel, make
mutinous. Ps. fitiniwa. Nt. fitinika.
Ap. fitin-ia, -iwa, -ika. Cs.fi/in-isha,
-ishwa. Rp.^fitiniana.
.
*Fitiri, n. alms and presents
given at the end of Ramathan, the
Mahom- medan month of fasting.
(Ar. Cf. futari, futuru.)
Fito, n. plur. of uflto, which
see.
Fiwa, v. Ps. Ap. of fa, which
see.
Fiwi, n. a kind of bean used as
food in Z., Cape bean. (For
others, cf. kunde, choroko, mbaazi,
dengu.)

Fo-fo-fo, adv. kufa fo-fo-fo, to

die outright, sudden death. (Cf. fa,
-fu, kifOyfifia, fufua.)

70

FO-FO-FO

Foromali, n. yard (of a ship), i.

e. mti tva kufuttgia tanga, the spar
that carries the sail. It is controlled
by braces fore, baraji, and aft,
hama- rawi, and hoisted by the
henza, which see, and cf. tanga.
Forsadi, n. fruit
mulberry tree {mforsadi).

of

the

*Fortha, n. and Forotha,

customhouse. The locative form
forthani is commonly used in Z. for
the place, and also for the district
(mtaa), in which it is situated. (Ar.)
Prasi, n. also Parasi, horse,
mare. (Ar. See Farasi.)
-fu, a. (rarely in any forms
except mfu, wafu,kiftt, tnafu), dead.
Affu, a dead person. Kifu, a dead
thing. Afaji rnafu, neap tides.
(Cf./rt, ufu, ki/o, ffiit. fufua.)
Fua, n. (, or of size ina-), (i) a
round wooden tray with raised rim,
used for washing clothes on, a
shallow wooden bowl for handwashing, &c. (cf. fua, v. and chatto,
and for other kinds chuttgu). (a)
Only in the plural mafua, chest,
chest complaint. (See Mafua, and
cf. kifua, and fua, v.)
Pua, v. beat, strike, hammer, but
usually
limited
to
certain
operations, viz. (i) of smiths work,
work at (a metal), make (of a
metal). F. chuma {,thaba, fethd),
work in iron (brass, silver), follow
the
trade
of
blacksmith
(silversmith, &c.). F. kisu (jembe),
make a knife-blade (hoe). Cf. mfua
{chuma, fetha, &c.), and rnhunzi. (a)
Of laundry work, wash clothes in
the native way, dashing them on a
stone or board. Alfua ttgito, a
washermanmen only making a
profession
of
washing
commonly called dobi in Z. (Cf.
dobi, and chachaga.) (3) Of husking
cocoanuts, by dashing them on a
pointed stake. Fua nazi, clean a
cocoanut. Ps .fuliwa. Nt./w- lika.
Aladini hii haifuliki, this metal is
unworkable.
Ap.fu-lia,
-liwa, -liana, e.g. work metal for

(with, at, &c.), wash for. Cs. fuliza,-lizwa, e.g. (1) set to work as
smith or washerman, employ,
have work done by them. Also
(2) of the artisan, procure work.
Fuliza ngtto, get clothes for
washing, i.e. take in washing.
(3) Keep on at, hammer at,
cause to hammer or keep on,
continue doing,in a general
sense, for which see Fuliza.
Rp.fuatta, work together as
smiths, &c., help each other, or
actually beat (hammer) each
other. (Cf. mfua, fuawa, fuawe,
kifua, rnfuo, ufuko, fuo, and for
striking,/ffu, chapa, ntettya, &c.
Dist. vuaT) n. see Mafua, and
cf. kifua.
Fuama, v. lie on the face
not often in Z. Cs. fuamisha. (Cf.
I ala fulifuli.)

Fuasa, v. copy, imitate,

follow a pattern. Cs. fuas-isha,

-ishwa. Fuasisha sauti kwa kinattda

(in music), accompany singing

on the piano. (Cf. fuata and
tnfuasi.)

Fuata, v. (1) follow, come

next to, succeed, come behind,
pursue; (2) imitate, copy,
accompany (in music), do like,
be like; (3) obey, keep to, abide
by, be follower (adherent) of.
Fuata rnaji yacndako, swim with
the stream. Bcndcra ya- fuata
pepo, the flag follows the wind.
Ktafuata mbio tta ptmbc hizi ndogo,

I will accompany the tune with

these little horns. Often f.
nyurna, follow behind. F. shcria,
keep the law.
F.

be
a
Mahommcdan.
Ps.
fuatwa. Ap. fuat-ia, - iwa.
Cs. fuat-isha, -ishwa,
often intens., copy
carefullyalso Fuasa,
which sec. Rp. fuataua,
Aluhammadi,

FINYA

70

accompany, follow in a
crowd. Fuatanisha, send
(some
one)
to
accompany.
(Cf.
atidama,
mafuataito.)

ntfuasi,

Fuatano, n. {ma-), a following,

succession, esp. in plur., e.g.
mafua- tanoya sauti, a tunc, melody.
(Cf. fuata.)
Fuawa,
v.
be
beaten,
hammered, e.g. of a vessel
aground, and exposed

FO-FO-FO

to the full force of the waves.

(Seems seldom used. Perh. Ps.
form of fua, v., cf. follg.)
Fuawe, n. anvil, i.e. something
to be hammered upon. (Cf. fua, v.,
and ftiawa.)

much frequented house. Kazi ya f,

work badly finished. Fujofujo, an
utter mess. (Cf. fuja.)
Fuka, v. (1) emit, throw out,
smoke, &c. SeeVuka. (2) Fill up
(a hole). See Fukia. n. a

Fudifudi, adv. on the face, face thin kind of porridge (of rice
downwards. Lala fudifudi, lie on flour, with sugar, honey, spice,
&c.), served to guests at an
the face. (Cf.fulifuli, and follg.)
entertainment or festival.
Fudikiza, v. turn upside down
Fukara, n. a poor man,
(inside out, face downwards), turn
over, e. g. of cards in playing. (Cf. beggar. Fukara hahehohe, of
extreme destitution. (Ar. Cf.
fudifudi, and syn. pindukiza.)
fakiri, fukarika, and syn. maskini,
Fufua, v. cause to revive, bring mwombaji.)
to life again, resuscitate, restore,
Fukarika, v. become poor.
revive. F. mailt', bring a dead man
to life. F. mgonjiva, give strength to (Ar. Cf. fukara, and opp. tajiri,
an invalid. F. deni, bring up a for- tajirikai)
gotten debt. Nt. fufuka. Ap. fufuFuke, n. See Vuke. (Cf. fuka,
lia, -liwa.
Cs. fuful-iza,
vuka.)
-izwa. (Cf. fa, fifia, ufufuo, ufu- fuko,
Fukia, v. fill in (a hole,
and syn. huisha, amsha.)
grave, &c.), dig in, cover in. F.
Fuga, v. (i) keep in kaburi, fill up a grave. Akaifukia
confinement, rear, breed (of tame sakafu yote kwa mchanga, and he

animals, stock, poultry, &c.) ; and

(2) tame, domesticate, break in
(of wild animals). Fuga ng'ombe
(tnbuzi, kuku), keep cows (goats,
fowls). Ps. fugwa. Nt. fugika. Frasi
huyu hafttgiki, this horse is not (or,
cannot be) broken in. Ap .fttg-ia,
-iwa. Cs. fugi-sha, -shwa, e. g. of
professional horse-breaking. (Cf.
fuga, infugo. Perh. cf. funga.)

filled up all (the holes in) the

floor with sand. Alifukia kitabu
kalika sanduku, he covered up
the book in the box. Nyumba
tlimfukia, the house (when it
fell) buried him. Ps. fukiwa. Nt.
fukika. Ap. fuk-ilia, -iliwa, -ilika.
Tundtt linafukilika kwa udongo, the
hole can be filled in with earth.
Cs. fuk-iza, -izwa, -isha, -ishwa.
"R^.fttkiana. (Cf.fuka, which is
Fugo, n. \rna-), breeding, seldom heard, and fukua, also
rearing, domestication, &c., of mfuko.)
animals. (Cf. fuga, and mfugo.)
Fukiza, Fukizo. See Vukiza,
Fuja, v. make a mess of, dis- Vukizo.
arrange, bungle. F. kazi, bungle
work. F\ mali, squander money.
Fuko, n. (1) (ma-), a large
(Cf. fttjo, and syn. boronga, chafua. bag or pocket, saddle-bag. (Cf.
Dist. vuja.)
for various kinds, mfuko.)
(2)
Hole,
Fujo, n. disorder, mess,
bungle,
disturbance,
uproar, place dug out. Kuku achimba
tumult. Nyu- mba ya f, a disorderly, fuko, the fowl is digging a hole.

FINYA

(3) ? A burrowing animal, mole.

(Cf. fuka, v., fukia, ufuko, mfuko.)
Fukua, v. dig out, dig up,
make a hole, burrow, get out of
a hole. Fisi amemfukua mtu, a
hyaena has dug up the (buried)
man. F. mawe, get stones by
digging.
Ps. fukuliwa. Nt.fukuka, be dug out, be
hollowed, be concave. Ap. fukulia, -liwa. Cs.fuku-lisha, -lishwa.
Rp. fukuana. (Cf. fuka, fukia, and
perh.fukuza. Also syn. chimba.)

Fukuta, Fukuto. See Vukuta,

Vukuto.

Fukuza, v. (1) force out, drive out,

esp. in hunting or war, and henc

70

FO-FO-FO

both (a) drive off, chase away,

banish, and (3) go in pursuit of,
hunt, try to catch. Mbwa
wakazifukuza nguruwe wakazipaia, the
hounds chased the pigs and caught
them. IVamefukuzia mbali adui, they
have chased the enemy quite away.
Ps. fukuzwa. Ap. fukuz-ia, -iwa. Cs.
fukuz- isha, -ishwa. Rp.
ftikuzana,
e.g.
of children chasing one another.
(Seems to be Cs. form of fukua,
with
intensive
force,
and
specialized meaning. Cf.fuka,fukia,
fukua, mfukuzi, and syn. kimbiza,
winda,fuata.)

Fuli, n. lesser rainy season. See

Mvuli.
Fulifuli, adv. (1) also Fudi-fudi,
on the face, face downwards,of
position ; (2) for furifuri far afar a,
in plenty, in quantities, brimful. See
Far*.
Fuliza, v. keep on at, keep
going, keep doing, quicken, hasten.
F. rni- guu, walk quickly. F. mwendo,
go speedily. Alsofufuliza and fululiza,
an emphatic Rd. form. Ps. fuli- zwa.
Aj>. fuli-zia, -ziwa. Rp.

eof, surprise. Ps. fumaniwa. Nt.

fumanika.
Cs. fumaniza, and
Intens., e.g. alimwua mwanaume
aKyemfumaniza tta mkewe, he
killed the man whom he
surprised with his wife. (Cf.
syn. gundua.)
Fumba, v. (1) shut, close, by
bringing things, or parts,
together. F. macho, close the
eyes. F. kitiwa, shut the mouth.
F. mkono, close the hand. F.
mikono,
clasp the hands
together. F. ptiguu, bring the legs
together. (2) Mystify, make a
mystery about, disguise, use in
an obscure way. F. maneno, use
unintelligible,
difficult
language. Fumbo humfumba
mjinga, a parable mystifies a
fool. Ps .fumbwa. Nt .fumbika.
Maua yanafumbika, the 'flowers
are closing. See also Vumbika.
h^.fumb-ia, -iwa, e.g. shut up in
(for, by, &c.), talk darkly about,
&c.
Cs.fumbisha, -ishwa. Rp. fumbana, e. g.
hatta macho yakafumbana, till his
eyes closed. Rf. jifumba, shut

oneself up (in meditation,

study, &c.). (Cf. fumba, kifumba,
fulizana. (Cf./wa, of which it is an also fumbo, fumbua, fumbata, and
Intens. form with generalized ? vumbika.)
meaning, and mfulizo, mfululizo.)
Fumba, n. (ma-), (1) a
Fufiani, n. such a one, a certain matting sleeping bag, a mat
one, so and so, such and such doubled lengthways and the
(things), alluding indefinitely to ends sewn up, used sometimes
persons or things, for reference for burying. Hutiwa maid katika
only. F. amt- sema, somebody has fumba (mkeka wa fumba),
said. Nataka bithaa f, 1 want such hushonwa mithili ya mfuko, the
body is put in a fumba, and
and such goods. (Ar.)
sewn up as in a bag. Also for
Funta. v. (1) weave, and also of drowning criminals. Wakatiwa
connecting together, forming a kaiika mafu- mba, wakaioswa
fabric,
by
sewing,
&c. baharini, they were put in bags
and thrown into the sea. (2)
Ps.fumwa. Nt.
Lump, clod. F..la unga uliogafumika. Ap. fum-ia, -iwa. Si- ttdattoya ndamatta, a lump in flour which
kufumia ttguo, a needle for sewing was caked. F.ya vitama, caked
clothes. Cs. fum-isha, -ishwa, (Cf.
mfurna, a weaver, mfumo, weaving*)
(a) Shoot, pierce (with a sharp

FUTiI

millet. (Cf. fumba, lump.) For

rnakuti ya fumba, cf. maku/i ya
kumba. Sec Kuti
Fumbama, v. lose one's senses,
be dazed, light-headed, e.g. huyu
ame- fumbama akilipoke, this man is
not in his right mind. (Cf. prec.
and -ma.)
Fumbata, v. enclose (with
hands,

73

FUMBATA

(Cf. fuma.)
or' arms), grasp, clutch,
encompass. Siwezi kuufumbata mti
hiiu kwa mikoiio yangu, my arms
will not go round this tree.
Amefiimhata fetha . mkononi, he has
grasped the money with his hand.
Ps. fumbaiwa. Nt. fumbatika, e.g.
konzi ya maji haifumbatiki, water
cannot be grasped in the fist. Ap.
fumbat-ia, -izva.

Fumua, v. Rv. of fuma, undo

(what is woven, matted, sewn,
connected together), and so (1)
unravel, unpick, take to pieces,
unstitch, &c. ; (2) reveal,
disclose, make clear, explain.
(Cf. fumbua.') F. uzi, unstitch. F.
nyehy let down hair. F. nguoy rip
(pull in pieces) calico. F. motOy
pull a fire to pieces, take

(Cf. sticks out the fire. F. makutit take

out (decayed) thatch. F. maliy
fu
squander money, be prodigal.
mba, and syn. ambata, kumbatia, Also in Nt. sense, mtama
kamata.)
unafumua, the millet is coming
Fumbo, n. {ma-), anything into ear. Maua yafumuay the
puzzling, hidden, mysterious, flowers are coming out. Mfumua
and so puzzle, problem, dark maneno njey of a spy or tale-bearer.
saying, hint, proverb, parable, Ps .fumuliwa. Nt. fumukay e.g. nguo
riddle. Serna kwa mafumbo, imefumukay us honey my dress is
speak in an unintelligible, come undone, sew it up. Mashua
difficult way. Maneno ya fumbo, inafumukay the boat opens at the
and fumbo la maneno, mysterious seams, leaks, is coming to pieces.
language. {Ci.. fumba, also Rp .fumukanay e.g. of people
Cs. fumbat-isha, -ishwa.

syn.

separating after a meeting,

disperse. Ap. fumul-iay -iwa. (See
siri, methali, mfano, kitendawili, in Fuma, and cf. fumbuay funuay
at at a.)

Fumbua, v. Rv. of fumba,

unclose, open, lay open, reveal,
disclose, by separating things or
parts which were close
together, e.g .fumbua mkono,
open the closed hand, and so of
the eyes, mouth, &c. F. maana,
unfold the meaning. F. majani,
make openings in high grass,
for air or planting. Ps.
fumbuliwa.
Nt.
fumbuka.
hg>.fumbu-lia, -lika. Cs. fumbulisha, -lishwa. Rp. fumbuana. (Cf.
fumba, ufwnbuliOy and for similar meaning vumbua (perh. same
word); funuay uncover; fungua,
unfasten ; fumuay unravel;
fundua, untie.)

fungua.)

Fumukano,
n.
{ma-),
separation, breaking up, dispersal,
e. g. of people after a meeting.
(Cf. fuma, fumual)

Funda, v. pound, bruise,

triturate, pulverize, e.g. rice,
pepper, ginger, &c., in a mortar
(kinu), also * pound up together,
mix with other ingredients, e.g.
ondokeni mfunde unga, get up and
mix the meal. Ps.fundwa. Nt.
fundika, be pounded, be mixed,
and also in act. sense. (Perh. a
form of vunja, retained in this
special sense in Z. For the
operation cf. fonda, twanga, saga,
chakacha,paaza. For a root funda,
Fumo, n. {ma-), (i) a spear; teach, and also make a knot, not
(2) a chief,but seldom heard itself used in Z., cf. fundi and
in Z. for the usual mkuki, mfalme. fitndo. But funda, n. seems

FUTiI

different from all.) n. {ma-), a

large mouthful, of liquid or solid,
distending the cheeks, cf. funda la
shavity esp. common of liquids.
Piga
mafunday
take
large
mouthfuls, gulps, draughts, either
to be swallowed, or for. rinsing
the mouth out after a meal and to
be ejected. (Perh. cf. fundo, a knot,
as fumba and fumbo.)
Fundi, n. {ma-), a person
skilled in any art, craft, or
profession, and so able to instruct
others in it, a skilled workman,
one who has learnt his trade, a
trained artisan or craftsman, e. g.
mason, carpenter, tailor, smith,
washerman, &c.,mwalimu being
commonly used of the higher
professions,
esp.
teaching.
(Cf.fundis ha, funza, mkufunzi,
Ifunda.)

73

FUMBATA

Also (4) a purse, usually

consisting of a knotted piece of
the waist cloth. Siku ya mashaka,
fundo, for the day of adversity, a
purse. F. la mguu, the ankle, also
kifundo. Piga f, tie a knot. Fundua f,
untie a knot. Maji yalitiipiga fundo,
the
water
choked
me.
(Cf.fundua, kifundo,
fundika, ?funda.)

Fundua, v. undo a knot, untie,

unfasten, and fig. explain (a
difficulty), get over a crisis. F.
chupa, uncork a bottle. (Cf. zibua.)
Vs.fundu- liwa. Nt. ?funduka. Ap.
futtdu-lia, -Itwa. Cs. fund-us ha,
ushwa, -usa, e. g. fundusha maua, of
a tree flowering. (Cf. fundo, and
for similar wordsfumbua,ftmua,
fungua,fumua.)

Funga, v. (1) fasten, make fast,

Fundika, v. make into a knot, tie, bind, secure. F. tnzigo, tic up a
tie up. Usually piga /undo, funga. load, finish packing. F. mlango,
See Fundo.
shut close (fasten) the door. (Cf.
Fondisha, v. teach, instruct, shindika mlango, put to, close the
educate,thework of afundi or door.) F. waraka, seal up a letter. F.
mwalimu. Ts.fundishwa. K^.fundish ia, -iwa, e. g. vitu vya kufuttdishm, choo, constipate, be constipated.
aids
to
teaching,
school Funga kamba (or, na kamba), fasten
accessories.
Kp.
fundishatta. with a cord. (2) Shut in, enclose,
Rf.jifundisha, learn. (An Intens.
form, cf. fundi, funza, mkufunzi, and imprison, put in fetters. F. gerezani
(niinyororonikiftingoni), put in
follg.)
Fundisho, n. (wa-), teaching, prison (in chains, under arrest).
what is taught, instruction, (3) Overcome (in a game or
doctrine. (Q{. fundisha.')
contest), win, checkmate, put in
Fundo, n. (;), (i) knot, any- difficulties, convict. Tuliwafunga
thing resembling a knot; (a) fig. a rnabao sila, we won six games
difficulty, grudge, esp. (3) ill against them. Neno lake lilimfttnga
feeling, resentment. F. la mti (mua), mwenyewe, his own statement
a knot in wood or a tree. F. la uzi,
knot in thread. F. la ttguo, clothes convicted him. (4) Decide on,
tied in a knot. F. la utepe, a rosette. embark on, begin, take decisive
F. la chombo, cross-beam in a
dhow (cf. mwashiri), securing the steps towards. Funga bia- shara,
mast. F. la ushanga, consists of ten conclude a bargain. F. vita, begin
strings (kete) of beads. See Kete. operations in war. F. shauri,

resolve on a plan. F. safari, set out

on a journey. (5) dunga is also
used as Nt. in various senses, e.g.
fast. Leo sisi tunafunga, to-day we
are fasting. Ramathani ni tmvezi wa
kufunga, Ramathan is the month of
fasting. Alvua inafunga, it is a
settled rain. Cf. mfungo, mfuttguo.
Mito imefunga, the rivers are impassable. Rf. jifunga, as above,
and esp. (1) devote oneself,
engage oneself, give special
attention. Jifunga kusoma, apply
oneself to study {kwa kazi, to
work, na adui, with an opponent,
in strife). (2) Get oneself into a
fix, contradict oneself, hamper

oneself. Amcjifunga kwa tilinii wake,

he is convicted by his own
tongue. (3) Jifunga, avoid
childbearing. Vs.Jungtva. JIuna
buddi kufungwa na mti, you must be
tied to a tree. St.fungika. Mlango
haufungiki, the door is not secured,
or, the door will not shut. A^.fungia, -iwa, -iana. Unifungie ntnif
wanifungia kttonea? What would

you tie me up for? arc you doing

it just to tease me ? Akatnfu- ngia
frasi na kamba, and he fastened the
horse to him by a cord. Aimefungiwa nyumba, I am locked out of
the house. Fungiwa deni, be imprisoned for debt. Cs.futtg-isha,
- ishwa, -izaf &c., cause to laslcn,

FUNGAMA.

cause to be fastened, and

Intens. bind tight, confine, close.
Ntamfungisha, I will have him put
in prison. Mvua inakufungisha
ndani, the rain keeps you indoors.
Fungisha mji (njia), blockade a
town (road). (Cf. tnfu- ngizo. Cf.
also fungasa.) Rp. fungana, (i)
fasten together, or with na, fasten
to; (2) be fastened together, e.g.
of clouds, forest, be dense, be
thick. Also funganya, of a work of
common
interest
and
cooperation. Funganya mizigo, join in
a general packing up of loads.
Also funga- nisha, e.g.jahazi na jiwe,
make fast a vessel to a rock. Cf.
also funga- mana. See Fungama.
(Cf.fungu, kifungo, fungua, &c.)
Fungama, v. be in a fixed,
tight, dense, &c. condition. Rp.
funga-

mana, e.g. of interlacing branches.

Mwitu umefungamana kabisa, the

forest is hopelessly
impenetrable.

dense,

Hapa
pamefungamana na miiba, here is a
dense mass of thorns. (Cf. funga,
and for form, -mana, andamana,
changamana.')

Fungate, n. honeymoon,
period of seven days after
marriage, during which food is
supplied by relations. (Fungate =
seven, in some Bantu dialects.)
Fungo, n. (1) fast, period of
fasting. (Cf. funga, mfunguo.) (2) A
kind of speckled civet cat,
smaller than the ngawa.
Fungu, n. (ma-)} (1) portion,
part, piece, share, lot. Fungtt la
nyama, a portion of meat. Fungu
zima, a large share. (Cf. kipande,
sehemu.) (2) Heap, pile, and esp.
of sandbanks, shoals, reefs, &c. in
the sea. Chombo kimepanda funguni,
the dhow has run on a sandbank.
Also of pile of stones over a

78

FUNUA

grave. Vunja fungu, used of

customary visit to a grave after
forty days, with a valedictory
offering.
Fungua, v. Rv. of funga, (1) unfasten, undo, untie, unbind, let
loose, release, set free, open, &c.
F.

mlango, unfasten a door (cf.

shindua mlango, set a door
open). F. mkono, open the hand
(like fumbud), give a gift.
Jifungua, give birth to a child,

be confined. (2) Cease fasting.

Nipe kidogo nifungue kinwa, give
me a morsel to break my fast
with. (So funguka, funguza.) Ps.
fu- nguliwa. Nt. funguka. Shikiza
mlango,
usifunguke
ivala
usifungike, fix the door so that it
will neither open nor shut.
Amefunguka mtolo, she has given
birth to a child. Ap. fungu-lia,
-liwa, -lika. Nifungulie mzigo,
relieve me of my load. Fungulia mfumwa, give a slave
freedom. F. ng'ombe, turn out
cattle to graze. Cs .fung-uza,
-tizwa, e. g. force (induce, allow,
&c.) to open, cause to undo,
&c. Akawafunguza wale watu, and
he had those people set free.
Also give a meal to after
fasting. Alitufunguza, he caused
us to break our fast. Rp.
Funguana. (Cf. funga, mfunguo,
mafungulia, ufu~ nguo, also as
similar fumuay funuay fumbua,
fundua.)
Funguo, n. plur. of Ufunguo,
which see. Also * breaking of a
fast/ but usu. mfunguo. (Cf.
funga,
fungua.)

Funika, v. (1) cover, cover

up, put a covering on; (2) fig.
conceal, disguise. F. chungu, put
a lid on a pot. ' F. kitabu} close a
book.
F.
tnaneno,
speak

obscurely. F. inchi majiy cover

the land with water, make an
inundation. Jifunika mkekay
cover oneself with a mat. Ps.
funikwa.
Nt. funikika. Jua
limefunikika na mawingu, the sun
is concealed by clouds.
Ap.funik-ia, -iwa. Cs. funik-isha,
-ishwat -izay cause to cover, cause
to be covered. Majiyamefunikisha
inchi, the water has flooded the
country. Rp. funikana. (Cf. funuat
ki- funikOy and syn. setiriyficha.)
Funua, v. (1) uncover, lay
open, . undo; (2) disclose, reveal,
explain, show, F. chunguy take the
lid off
a pot. F. chuo, open a book. F.
rnabawa, spread wings. Ps. funuliwa. Nt futiuka, e. g. viaua yanafuttuka, the flowers are opening,
coming ont. Mwitu unafunuka, the
forest is getting more open, is
passable. Ap .funudia. Akamfunulia maana, and he explained to
him the meaning. (Cf. funika,
ufunuo, and similar fungua'fumua,
fumbua, fundua.)
Funza, v. same as fttndisha,
teach, instruct, educate. Jifunza
kaziy leam a trade,from a fundi.
Ps. funzwa. Nt. funzika, e. g. iw/0/0
hafunziki, this child is

foam. *(Cf. ufuo, ufuko,fua, and

syn. pofu.)
Fupa, n. {ma-), a large bone. F.
la kichwa, the skull. F.jororo, a
(large) cartilage. (Cf. in fupa,
kifupa, ufupa.)
-fupi, a. (///// with D 4 (P), D 5
(S), D 6), (1) short, low (in
stature, length, or height); (2)
brief, concise, abridged. (Cf.
follg. and opp. -refu.)
Fupika, v. be shortened, be
lessened (in height, length,
stature), be abbreviated, &c. Cs.
fup-isha,
-ishwa, -iza, shorten, abridge. (Cf.
-/"/*)
Fura, v. rise up, swell, be
puffed up (in physical sense
only). Mimba ya m/ama inafura, the
bud of the millet swells,as it
ripens,
and
finally
bursts
{inapasuka). Nt. furiia, swell up,
run over, boil over, overflow
(over), make ail inundation.
Cs.furik-isha,

-ishwa, cause an
inundate.
Maji
yakafitrikisha inchi, the water
overflowed the coup- try. (Ar. Cf.
far a, furifuri, furiko, and syn.
unteachable, is too stupid (or, ob- flood, gharihsha.)
stinate) to learn.
Ap. funz-ia,
Furaha, n. joy, pleasure,
-iwa. Cs. funz-isha, -ishwa. Rp. happiness, bliss, delight, gladness,
funzana. (Cf. fundi, fu- ndisha, and mirth, merriment. Fanya f, ona /.,
follg.) n. (wa-), grub, maggot, be happy. Pokea kwa f, welcome.
worm.
Also adv. gladly, with joy. Tukaenda furaha, and we went joyfully.
Funzio, n. (a-), teaching, in- Furahani, in a state of happiness.
struction. (For more usualfundisho (Ar., no B. syn. Cf. furahi, and Ar.
cf. funza.)
raha (higher but more passive),
bliss, and such words as mchezo,
Fuo, n. (1) (ma-), washing- mazungumzo, mapendezi.)
place, mahalipa kufulia nguo, for
washing clothes. (Cf. fua, oga,
*Furahi, v. rejoice, be glad,
chosho, ki- ogio.) (a) Scum, froth, feel pleasure, be happy, be
overflow,

pleased,

FUNGAMA.

enjoy oneself. Ps.

furahiwa, be pleased (with), be
made happy (by), be-rejoiced (at).
Tulifurahiwa aana na baruayako, we
were delighted at your letter. Ap.
furah-ia, -iana, rejoice (at, in, for,
&c.).
Cs.furah-isha,
-ishwa, -ishana, gladden, cheer, rejoice, delight. Ametufurahisha sana,
he caused us great amusement.
(Ar. Cf. furaha.)
*-furahi fu, n. {furahifu with D
4 (P), D 5 (S), D 6), joyous,
cheering, pleasant. (Ar. Cf.
furaha.)

Furika, v. Sec Fura, and cf.

follg.
*Furiko,

n. usu. in plur.
overflowing, flood,
inundation. (Ar. Cf. gharika.)
mafuriko,

Furuga, Furugika. See Vuruga, Vurujika.

Furukombe, n. a large bird of
prey, a kind of eagle or vulture.
Furukuta, v. move about, be
restless, toss about on a bed,as
when ill, excite^, unable to sleep,
also (c. g.) of a rat under a
carpet.
Furumi, n. Furuma, n. See
Farumi, and Faroma.
Furungu, n. (ma-), (1)
shaddock, fruit of mfurungu; (a)
anklet (usu. of silver). . (Cf. m/a/i,
and for other ornaments, urembo.)
Furushi, n. {ma-), bundle,
packet, package. (Cf. kifurushi,
bahasha.)

78

FUNUA

*Fusfus, n. and Fussus, gem,

precious stone. (Arab. Cf. kito.)
Fusho, n. or Vusho, something
used for fumigation, something to
be burnt, as a charm, or sanitary
medicine. (Cf. mvuke, vukiza, vukizo,
&c.)
Fusi, n. rubbish. See Kifusi.
Fusia, v. lay down a bed of
small stones and rubbish for a
concrete floor or roof, or to fill up
foundations. (Cf. kifusi, ufusio.)
Futa, v. (i) wipe, wipe out
(away, off); (2) remove, obliterate,
abolish, cause to be forgotten. F.
vumbi uguoni, wipe dust off clothes.
F. vibaya vya waraka, scratch out the
mistakes in a letter. F. kamasi, wipe
the nose. Muungu anifute thambi
zattgu, may God wipe away my
sins. Liandikwalo halifutiki, what is
written cannot be effaced. a kufuta
is often used of what is plain,
common, of inferior quality, e. g.
mkeka 7va kufuta, a common white
mat. Ka- nzu ya kufuta, a plain white
kanzu without any ornamental
stitching.
Cf.
mfuto.
Ps.futwa.
Nt./tika, e. g. hiiyafutika, hii haifutiki, one

bundle, pocket, See.), pluck out;

(2) fig. bring to light, make
known, expose. F. manyoya ya
kuku (ya ndevu), pluck off the
feathers of a fowl (hairs of the
beard). F. kibofu cha ng'ombe,
take out the bladder of an ox.
Jki.jifutua, make a show of
oneself, boast, brag. Ps. futuliwa.
'Nt.futuka, (1) be brought out, be
brought to light; (2) be
provoked, be angry. Ap. futukia,
be in a passion with. Hence
fuiu-lia, -liwa, and futukisha,
provoke. Cs.futu- sha, -shwa. Jua
linafutusha ma- hindi, the sun is
making the maize open out. Rp.
futuana. (Cf. futika.)
*Futuri, n. short span, as a
measure, from tip of thumb to
tip of forefinger,as dist. from
shibiri, full span from thumb to
little finger. (Ar.)
*Futuru, v. take the first
meal after a days fast. Ap.

futur-ia,
-iwa.
C&.fuiur-isha,
-ishwa, provide with first meal.
(Ar. Cf. fitiri,futari. Dht.futuri.)

thing is pardonable, another is not

Fuu, n. (via-), (1) a small,
(but see Futika).
Ap.fut-ia,
black berry, edible fruit of mfuu.
(See Mfuu, dist. kifuic.) (2) Fuu
e. g. kitambaa cha ktifutia, a cloth to la kichwa, skull (see Fuvu).
wipe with, duster. Cs. fut-iska,
-ishwa, set to wipe, wipe hard. Rp.
Fuvu, n. (ma-), also Fuu,
futana. (Cf. pangusa, sugua, tua. Also empty shell, husk. F. la kichwa,
futa, as for vuta, which see, and as a skull. F. la nazi, shell of a
rarely used sing. n. see Mafuta.)
cocoanut (but generally kifuu). F.
la yai,. eggshell (but generally
*Futari, n. first meal in the kaka).
evening after a days fast, usually
rice- gruel (uji). (Ar. Cf. fitiri, fuFuzi, n. See Ufuzi, Mafuzi.
turn. Tiist.futuri.)

Futhuli, n. See Fithuli. (Ar.)

Futika, v. put in the pocket,
stick in waist-cloth, tuck into the
girdle,as a native does his knife,
money, or any small aiticle. Ps.
fuiikwa. Ap. futik-ia, -iwa. Cs. futikisha. (Cf. futua, and dist .futika, as
Nt. of futa.)

Fyata, v. put (or, hold)

between the legs. F. nguo, tuck
the loincloth between the legs
(see Uwinda). F. mikono, grasp
the hands between (i. e. by
closing) the thighs. F. mkia, put
the tail between the legs. (Cf.
follg.)

FUNGAMA.

78

FUNUA

&c.). Nt.fyatuka. Ay.fyatu-lia, -liwa.

Cs. fyatusha, fyatuli-sha, -shwa. (Cf.
Fyatua, v. and ?Fyua, let go prec.)
suddenly, let off (of something
which is holding, a spring, a trap, Fyeka, v. also Feka, clear away

clear off, make a clearing in,of

clearing away trees, grass, jungle.
F. tnwiiu, make a clearing in the
forest. Ps. fyekwa. Ap. fyek-ea, -rwa.
Cs. fyck-tsha, -cshwa.
(Cf. follg.

,slurred and hardly heard at all,

or pronounced by Swahilis as
g. (Cf. ghali, ha mu, orofa,
gjibari.)

Goagaa, v. also Garagara,

(1) roll from side to side, turn
and fyoa.)
Fyeko, n; esp. in plar. mafyeko, restlessly, sprawl, as on board a
clearing operations, thing cleared ship, or a sick man in bed, or
an animal wallowing on the
away, clearings.
ground;
(2) fig. be lazy,
Fyoa, v. (i) cut. F. masiikc ya
indifferent,
have
mtama, cut ears of millet; (2) fig. listless,
use cutting or abusive language, re- nothing to do, loll. Cs.
gaagaaza
.
(Dist.
ply insolently. Ap. fyo-lca, -lewa,
abuse, jibe. (Cf. fyeka, and follg.
kaa-kaa.)
Also \>ex\\. fyonya, and fyonza.)
Gadi, n. (wa-), prop, shore,
Fyonya, v. make a chirping e.g. to keep a vessel upright,
sound with lips, expressive of when stranded, or a tree
contempt, or disgust. (Cf.fyoa, and inclined to fall. Tia tnagadi,
shore np. (Cf. follg.)
follg.)
Gadimu, v. prop, shore up,
with gadi, which see. Ps.
gadimiwa. Nt. gadimika. Ap.
gadim-ia, -iiva, prop up with
(for, on, &c.). Cs. gadim-isha,
nyonya.)
G represents the same sound as -ishwa. (Cf. syn. tegemea, cf.
in English * go. This hard g is nguzo, and ? shiku.)
-f^ozl,
abusive,
(Cf.
used
in a.
Swahili
forscornful.
the Arabic
Gae, n. (wa-), a large
fyoa,
and ufyozi.)
consonants
Jim and Qaf in some potsherd,
large broken piece
words of Arabic origin (cf. g in of metal, a glass,
Egyptian dialect for j elsewhere), &c. Dim. kigae. earthenware,
jutigtt borvu
and also sometimes as a variant of limekuwa magae, the
cracked
j and k in other words and (perh. dish is all in pieces.
through an intermediate dy sound)
of d.
Gaga, n. (/;/-). See Kigaga.
Hence words not fonnd under g
Galawa,
n.
sometimes
may be looked for nndcr j or k, Ngalawa, a small dug-out
and sometimes under d.
canoe,
with
outriggers
matengo) and sail, much used
Obs. that the sound written ng* (by
fishermen. Galawa juu,
in 1 this Dictionary is heard and
wimbichini, the canoe on the
written sometimes as gn, esp. at
surface and waves beneath,to
Mombasa.
describe a safe voyage. (Cf.
Fyonza, v. also Fyonja, Fyonda, suck, suck at, suck out. F.
sukali, suck sugar. F. ziwa la mama,
suck the mothers
breast. F, damu,
snck out blood.G.(Cf. fyonya, and

Gh is used to represent the m/umbwi.)

sound of L the Arabic Chain in the few
Galme, n. also Kalme,
words in jj
which
it
is mlingote
wa galme, small second
commonly retained as a deep
mast aft in a large dhow,
guttural. It is more often pronounced
as a deep slightly rolled r, or as I a
harsh h, and is in some words

FYEKO

mizzen mast, carrying its own

sail.
Gamba, v. only in the Rf. form
vaunt oneself, brag,
boast. (C f. jivuna,jisifu, fiotta.)
jigamba,

Gamba, n. (ma-), scale (of a

fish). Also sometimes of any
small detached part of outer skin
of an animal, e.g. of the tortoise,
hatta nibandttke maganda, till my
shell comes off. (Cf. tigamba, and
gauda, gattdo.)

Gamti, n. unbleached cotton

cloth from India, Indian grey
sheetings. (Cf. ftgtto.)

79

GAMTI

(St. of ganda, cf. simama, iuama,

8cc., and for similar idea
Gana, n. or Kana, rudder- shikasnana,
kazana,*shupana,
handle, tiller. (Cf. msukani, shikio.) pindana.)
Ganda, v. become hard (fixed,
congealed, curdled, frozen), get
thick, coagulate, of a liquid.
Mazhva ya- meganda, the milk is
curdled. Mito imeganda kzva baridi,
the rivers were frozen with the
cold. (2) Stick to, cleave to,
embrace closely, clasp. Alimganda
shingoni, he clasped him round the
neck. Ps. gandwa. Nt. gandika. Ap.
gand-ia, -iwa. Cs. gandi-sha, -shwa.
(Cf. gand- ama, gandaviana, and
ganda, n.) n. {via-), husk, rind,
shell, outer covering of trees,
plants, fruits, &c.

Gando, n. (ma-), claw of

lobster (kamba) and crab (kaa),
(and perh. of the cuttlefish
(pzyeza), but cf. mnyiri). Kaa
akiinua gando ma- mbo yamckatika,

when the crab raises his claw,

there is an end of the matter. (Cf.
ganda, v., and of animals, ukuchal)
Gandua, v. Rv. of ganda, (1)
unfasten, pull away, separate
something adhering closely; (2)
fig.

rescue from danger, save in a

crisis, get out of a scrape. Ps.
G . la yai, eggshell. G. la gandu- liwa. Nt. ganduka. Ap.
vichungwa, orange peel. gandu- lia, -liwa. (Cf. banduka,
G. la mkate, crust of ambuka.)
bread. Maganda ya
mazhva, curds of milk,
Ganga, v. bind up, fasten toflakes. Maganda ya gether, splice, mend (what is
mahindi,
the sheath injured or broken). Hence esp. of
enclosing the cob of doctors work generally, apply
Indian corn. (Cf. gamba, remedy, cure, heal. Ganga mguu,
also gome, kaka, kifuu, put a leg in splints. G.jeraha,
and (husk) kapi, kumvi, bandage a wound.
kumbi.)

Gandama, v. stick together, get

stuck, get hard, set, freeze, curdle,
coagulate. Asali imegandama na
chombo, the treacle sticks to the
vessel. Chungu zimegandama samlini, the ants are stuck in the ghee.
Ps. gandamwa. Naligandamwa na
kupe, I had ticks sticking to me.
Nt. gandamika. Ap. gandam-ia,
-iwa, stick to, adhere, cling to, be
true to. G. chungu, stick to a cooking pot. G. rafiki, hold fast to a
friend. Cs. gandam-iza, -izwa, e. g.
G. mtu chini, pin a man to the
ground. Also Intens. gandamiza
ulimwengu, cling to, take to ones
heart, the world. Rp. gandavi-ana, -anisha, e.g. maji imegandamana, the water is frozen hard.

G . tuvibo, attend to the

stomach. Ps. gangwa.
Nt. gangika, i. e. be
cured, be curable. Ap.
gang-ia, -iwa.
Cs.
gang-isha, -ishwa.

Rp. gangana. (Cf. mganga, uganga,

mgango, gango, kigango, and of
treatment, alika, uguza).
Gango, n. (via-), appliance for
holding together what is separate
or severed, cramp, brace, splint,
splice, joining, patch. Dim.
kigango. (Cf. ganga.)
Ganx, a. interrog. of what sort,
what kind of, what?never used
without a noun preceding. Kitu

FYEKO

gani? What is it? Sababu gani?

Why? Ginsigani? How? Wakati
gani? When? Mahaligani? Where?
Habari gani? What is the news?
How are you? Mtu gani always

suggests primarily a man of what

tribe (place, or country).
Ganzi, n. (, and via-),
deadness, numbness. Mguu
imekufa g., my foot is asleep
(benumbed). Often of the teeth,
tia (fanya) g. la meno, set the teeth
on edge. Meno yafany a ganzi, my
teeth are set on edge.
Garafuu, n. (also written

garo- fuu, karafuu), cloves, the

flower-bud of the mgarafuu,the

most valuable and abundant

article of commerce in Zanzibar
and Pemba (except cocoa- nuts).
(Ar. karamful.)
Garagara, v. See Gaagaa.

79

GAMTI

Gari, n. (wa-), any vehicle on

wheel*,cart, waggon, carriage,
barrow, perambulator, bicycle.
quotes
a
native
Also g. la tnoski, locomotive (or Krapf
other) steam- engine. G.lapepo, description of the whole
process.)
bicycle. (Hind.)
Genge, n. (rna-), cliff,
*G&sia, n. See Ghasia. (Ar.)
precipice, ravine, deep ditch.
Gauka Gauza, v. See Geuka, Ukijika gengeni, jihathari, when
you come to the steep place, be
Geuza.
careful.
Gawa, v. place in parts (pieces,
-geni, a. (ngati with D 4 (P),
portions, shares), divide up, distribute, deal out. G. chakula, appor- D 6, geni with D 5 (S)), strange,
tion food. G. kara/a, deal (playing) foreign, novel, outlandish,
cards. Ps. gawiwa. Nt. gaivika. Ap. extraordinary, queer, curious.
geni,
a
strange
gaw-ia, -iwa. Cs. gaw-isha, -ishwa. Jambo
Rp. gawana, e. g. uta- kachopata occurrence. Maneno ya kigeni, a
tutagawana sawasawa mimi nawe, foreign language. (Cf. mgeni,
whatever you get, we will go ugeni, and syn. -pya, ajabn.)
halves in, you and 1. Also
*Gereza, n. prison, fort used
gawanya, which see. (Cf. gawio,
as a prison, barrack. Tia
mgawo.)
(weka,funga, peleka) gerezani, put
Gawanya, v. place in parts, ap- in prison. Toa (Jungua, ondoa)
portion, divide, share, distribute, gerezani, let out of prison. (?
prop, of mutual arrangement or Portug. Cf. syn. ki- fungo,
equal rights, gawa rather of the act minyororo.)
of an official, superior, or
Gesla, n. also Gezla. See
benefactor, e.g. tugawanye; gawa
wee, let us have a division; do you Jizla.
act as divider. Ps. gawanywa. Nt.
Geua, v. change, make
gawatty-ika, -ikia, -ikiwa, be divided, different,
Ndiye ajigeuaye
be divisible. Rp. gawanyikana. Ap. ttyoka, it alter.
is he who changes
gawany-ia, -iwa, -tana. Cs. gawany- himself into
a snake. The Cs.
isha, -ishwa, -ishia, -iza, -izana. (Cf. gcuza (see below)
usual in Z.
gawa, kigawanyo, and taiga, put in this sense. Ps.isgeuliwa.
Nt.
apart.)
geuka, (1) be changed, be
changeable,
be
alterable,
alter;
Gawio, n, (a*), division,
apportionment, sharing. Kuu tii (2) change position, turn
maga- wioni, the critical point is in oneself, turn round; (3) change
the division (of spoils). (Cf. gawa, in appearance, be transformed,
be disguised. Aligeuka akagawanya, tttgawa.)
mwona, he turned round and saw
Gema, v. get palm-wine. Also him. Amegeuka mwngine, he has
gema tembo, gema mnazi, of cutting become another person. Hence
the growing flower stem of the geuk-ia, -iwa, turn to (from, for,
cocoanut tree, from which the sap at, &c.). Ap. geu-lia, -liwa. Cs.
flows into a calabash fastened to it. geu-za, *zwa, -zia, -ziwa, -zana,
Also used of getting india-rubber cause to change, alter, make
by cutting a plant or tree, gema different, disguise, transform,
mpira. A special knife Is used pervert, turn round, &c. (Kor
(kotama). Ps. getnwa. Ap. getn-ea, difference of geuza and badili, !-ewa. Cs. gem-esha, -eshiva, employ ec Badili. Cf. -geuzi, -geu, ma(allow, undertake, contract) to tap
cocoanut trees. (Cf. rngema, kotama,
tembo.

FYEKO
geusi.)

79

GAMTI

transformation.

geugeu, a. changeable, fickle,

geuzi, a. changeable, fickle, unwayward. Mambo ya kigeugtu, con- settled, always changing. (Cf. geua,
stant changes. (Cf. geua.)
Geuzi, n. csp. in plur. mageuzi,
change, alteration, shifting, turn,

-geugeu.)

82

GHAFALA
*Gh&fala, n. a sudden
occurrence,
suddenness,
carelessness,
thoughtlessness,
T
inattention, haste. A eno la gh.,
sudden, abrupt statement. Marathi
ya gk., sudden stroke of illness.
Usikae katika gh., do not be imprudent, careless,advice to an
invalid. Often as adv. and also kwa
ghafala, suddenly, unexpectedly,
(Ar. Cf. follg. and syn. thdruba,
haraka.)
Ghafalika, v. be hurried, be
thoughtless
(imprudent,
neglectful, inattentive), &c. Ap.
ghafalik-ia, -iwa, be careless (hasty,
&c.) about. (Ar. Cf. ghafala,
taghdfali, and follg.)
*Ghafalisha,v. Cs. (i) make
hurry, distract, flurry, come on
suddenly; (2) do hurriedly, hurry
over, neglect, fail to attend to. Gh.
kazi, hurry over work. (Ar. d.
ghafala, and prec.)
Ghairi, v. (1) do something
unexpected, sudden, or surprising,
change ones mind, alter plan,
annul; (2) disappoint, offend,
surprise. La- biuia rohoyake
itaghairi, perhaps his mind will
change. Akaghairi kuo- lewa, she
suddenly refused to be married.
n. sudden change, surprise,
disappointment.
Tia
ghairi,
disappoint, surprise, offend. Also
used with ya, as prep, ghairi ya,
without, except, apart from,
without regard to. (Ar., seldom
used in deriv. forms.)
* G hala, n. store-room, storehouse, magazine, go-down. IVeka
vyakula ghalani, put away food in
the# larder. (Ar. Cf. bohari.)
Ghali, a. often heard as rrhali, (1) scarce, rare, hard to get;
(2)

dear,

expensive,

costly.

Ngicruwe zitne- kuwa

ghali
sasa,
zimekwenda
mbali,

pigs are scarce now, they have

made off to a distance. Sitaki ghali,
nataka rahisi, I do not want an expensive one, I want a cheap one.
(Ar. Cf. follg. and syn. scarce
-chache, haba, costly -a thamani.
Also rahisi, cheap.)
Ghalibu, v. compete in com

GHASIA merce. Rp. ghalibiana,

carry on a commercial war. (Ar.
Cf. mghalaba, and syn. shindana.)

involving these ideas, and of

annoyances generally, e. g. gh.
nyingi leo, a lot of troubles to-day;
pana gh, mjini, there is a
disturbance in the town, a street
crowd or riot;also of a royal
progress or cortege, the rush of a
wild animal, &c. Gh. ya machezo, a
medley of amusements. Nikakuta

Ghalika, v. (1) be rare, occur

infrequently, be an infrequent
visitor; (2) be dear, be costly, rise
in price. Urneghalika Sana siku
hizi,you seldom come to see us nyumba ttipu hamna gh.,
now. Viazi vime- ghalika, i. e.
vimekuwa ghali, potatoes are dear,
have risen in price. (Ar. Cf. ghali.)
Ghalisha, v. Cs. make
valuable, make scarce, raise the
price of. (Ar. Cf. ghali, syn.
pandisha bei, zidisha thamani, and
contr. rahisi s ha.)
Ghammu, n. grief. See Hamu.
(Ar. Cf. ghumial)
Ghangi, n. also Ghanji,
Ghanja, and Gangi, a native
vessel, like an Indian bdghala, but
not so high in the stern or long in
the prow. (Cf. chombo.)
Gharama, n. expense, outlay,
payment. Fanya gh., toa gh., lay out
money, incur expense. (Ar. Cf.
gharimia.)

Gharika, n. flood, deluge,

inundation. (Ar. Cf. furiko, and
follg.)
Gharikisha, v. cause a flood
(over), make a flood (in),
inundate. Maji iniegharikisha inchi,
the water has flooded the country.
(Ar. Cf. gharika, and furika.)
Gharimia, v. Ap. spend
money, or, incur expense for. Ps.
ghari- mhva. Nt. gharimika. Cs.
gharim-isha, -ishwa, cause expense
to. (Ar. Cf. gharpma.)
*Ghasia, n. (also commonly
complication,
bustle, hurry, medley, crowding,
and used of various things
gasia), confusion,

Ghubari, n. (ma-)t rain cloud.

UHmwengu una magubari, the
I found the house empty, there whole sky is cloudy, looks rainy.
was no stir or hum of people (Ar. Cf. wingu.)
inside. (Ar. Cf. syn. mchafuko,
mashaka.)
*Ghubba, n. (wa-), a bay of the
sea, also of the sweep, curve,
Ghathabika, v. be furious, be bend * of a river,the concave
enraged, be in a passion. Cs. asj>cct. (Ar. Cf. for curve, tao,
ghathabi-sha, -shwa, exasperate, en- ftndi, rnzingo.)
rage, provoke. (Ar. Cf.ghathabu,
and syn. kasirika.)
*Ghumia,v. be overwhelming
(to),
Ghathabu, n. rage, fur}-,
passion, anger, exasperation, used be perplexed (at), be taken
with such verbs as /anya, ona, aback, lose presence of mind.
ingia, also in- giwa (na), shikwa (na), Ts.ghumi- wa, in same sense.
putwa (na). Ana gh. ya kivenda, he Ametokewa na watu atneghtwiiwa,
goes at a furious rate. Mwenyi gh. some people came on him
mbele yake anusimama shetani , a suddenly, and he was taken
man in a passion has a devil aback. Cs.ghum-isha,-ishwa. (Ar.
before him. (Ar. Cf. syn. hasira, Cf. ghammu, or hamu, grief, and
uchungu.)
syn. shangaa, tekewai)
Ghoflra,
n.(ma-),
pardon,
forgiveness of sins, absolution,
used only of God. Ghofira ya thambi,
pardon of sins. (Ar. Cf. follg. and
syn. in a more general sense,

Ghururi, n. and Ugh-, arrogance,

self-conceit,
infatuation, folly, blindness.

Ghofiri, v. forgive, pardon,

absolve. See Ghofira. Ps.ghofiriwa.
Nt ghofirika. Ap. ghofiria, grant
forgiveness to. Muungu amemghoJiria thambi zake, God has absolved
him from his sins. Cs. ghofiri-sha,
-shwa. (Ar. Cf. ghojira, setiri,

*Ghururika, v. also Ghurika,

be proud, be arrogant. (Ar. Cf.

usamehe,
maachilio.)

masamaha,

ondoleo,

samehe, achilia, fungu/ia, ondolca.)

Mtu huyu amepatwa na ghururi ya

u/imwengu, this man is the

victim of worldly delusion.

(Ar. Cf. syn. kiburi] uflhuli.)
ghururi.)

*Ghusubu,
v.
deceive,
cheat, swindle, betray. Sultani
a/ighusubu haki ya maskini, the
king betrayed the rights of the
poor man. (Ar.

*Gh6rofa, n. upper story,

upper room. See Orofa. (Ar.)
Cf. common danganya, kopa,
Ghoshi, v. adulterate, falsify, punja> &c.)
Gidamu, n. small leather
debase. Atneghoshi fetha kwa kui(hanganya na kitu kingine, he has thong in a sandal, passing
debased the silver by mixing it between the toes from sole to
with something else,a common cross-piece, and holding it on
practice in Z. Ps. ghoshiwa. Kitu the foot. (?Ar. C f.gadimu.)
kili- choghoshiwa, an adulterated
*Gilgilani, n. coriander
article. (Ar. Cf. syn. haribu,
seed, used in curry powder.
ehanganya.)
(Hind.)

Ginsi, n. also Jinsi, and

Jisi, kind, sort, quality, (i)
often combined with gani, as a
general
interrogative.
Ginsigani? How? Why? What?
What is the meaning of it?
( 2 ) Also often followed by
-vyo introducing a
dependent adverbial
sentence, i. c. as a
conjunction, the
manner in which, the
way in which,m how, in
what way.
Alimwambiaginsi
alivyofanya, he told him
what he had done, or,
how he had acted.
( 3 ) Also often as an interj.
with either gani or -vyo. Ginsi
iliiyo njerna / Oh, how good it is
! Njema ginsi gani, it is
wonderfully good.
( 4 ) Ginsi gani is also used
without an adjective to denote
what
is
wonderful,
nondescript,
ridiculous,
extravagant. Mancno haya hi
ginsi gani, these statements are
quite absurd, there is nothing
to be made of them.
(Ar. the Egyptian dialect, viz .g
for/ Cf. syn. namna, aina.)

maize. Also of cleaning cotton,

and of removing the stem of a
clove bud, leaving the kiini or
seed, i. e. gara- fau kugobolewa. Ps.
gobolewa. Ap. gobo-lea, -leiva. (Cf.
konyoa, ckambua, pujua,
and
muhindi.)

*Godoro, n. (ma-), a mattress.

Gofla, n. pulley, such as is attached to the rope (henza) which
hoists the yard in a native sailing
vessel. (Cf. kapi, abedari.)
5

-gofu, a. (gofu with D 4 (P), D

(S), D 6), emaciated, broken

down, in ruins, skin and bone.
Kigofu, in an emaciated, &c., state.
Nyama gofu or kigofu, a wretched,
starved animal. Also as n. in such
phrases as gofa la mtu, an
emaciated person ; gofu la nyumba,
a tumble-down, ruinous house.
(Cf. follg.)
Gofua, v. emaciate, wear out
the strength of, reduce to a
skeleton (or, to ruins). Also Cs.
gofusha in same sense. Marathi
imemgofusha, illness has broken
him down. (Cf. -gofu\ and syn.
kojidesha, konda.)

Gogo, n. (ma-), (1) log, trunk

of a tree when felled, e. g. gogo la
ninazi, of a cocoanut tree. Also fig.
Gisi, v. guess, &c. See Kisi.
lala kigogo, sleep (lie) like a log, i.
Giza, n. (used as D 5 and D 6, e. motionless, in a dead sleep.
and also kiza as D 3), darkness, Dim. kigogo. (2) Used of a large
gloom, blackness (but not, like and long drum (ngoma).
weusi, used of the colour black).
Gogota, v. knock at, tap,
Tia giza, darken. Giza ya (or, la)
usiku, the darkness of night. Macho hammer at. G. mlango, knock hard
yake yaona giza, his eyes are dim. at a door. G. vijili, hammer pegs
Kiza kikubwa (,kipevu), deep (redupl.
darkness, utter darkness. (Cf. kiza,
form of Gota, which see. Cf.
and syn. weusi.)
gonga, bis ha.) n. a kind of
Goboa, v. also Koboa, break woodpecker. Also kigogota.
off with the hand, a cob ( kibunzi)
Gole, n. (ma-), small pellet of
of Indian corn, pluck the ears of

opium (tif uni) prepared for smok- forbid kalaza.) n. (ma-), leaf of
ing. (Cf. gole, expectorated matter, the banana plant (mgomba), i. e.
Kr.)
jani la mgomba. See Mgomba.
Goma, n. (ma-), a large drum.
Gombo, n. (ma-), leaf (sheet) of
(Cf. ngoma, kigoma.)
a book,gombo la chuo.
Gomba, v. (1) gainsay,
contradict, forbid ; (2) argue
(with), quarrel (with), wrangle.
Anagomba na mkewe, he is
squabbling with his wife. Ap.
gomb-ea, -ewa, -eka, argue (for,
against, at, &c.), press a claim.
Gombea ngazi, quarrel over the
gangway. Gombea daraja, stand up
for ones rank (position, status).

Gome, n. (ma-) and perh.

Rome, the hard external covering
of trees and some animals, bark,
shell. Am- bua {tod) magome, take
off strips of bark. Used of shell of
crustaceans, lobster, &c., also
of mollusca (cf. kome), and as a
colloquial word for half rupee, or
shilling, bob. (Cf. ganda,
generally of soft outer covering,
Alitukanwa kwa sababu wewe kuku- ngozi, v., ? kome.)
gombea, he was abused, because
Gonda, v. grow thin. See
he stood up for you. Cs.' gomb-eza,
-ezwa, -ezika, (1) strictly forbid; (2) Konda.
make quarrel, make a quarrel,
scold. Gombezika, be blameworthy, Gonga, v. beat, strike, knock.
deserve scolding. Tumegombezwa Gonga mlango, knock at a door. Ps.
tusiende (or, kwenda), we are forbidden to go. Rp. gomb-ana, quar- gongwa. Ap. gong-ea, -ewa, -eana.
rel with each other, squabble. (Cf. Kugongeana bilauri, to strike
ugomvi, -gomvi, ugombezi, mgotnbezi, glasses together in drinking
and syn. tela, biska, nenea, and
healths. Cs

.gong-eza, -ezwa. Rp. gong-ana,

attic,ha. Vyornbo vinagongatta, the
dhows are colliding. (Cf. gongo,
mgongo, and syn. /<*,
/a,
//, chafa, &c.)

GONGO

85
GUGU
wa juu, upper side. Contr. aemani,
lee side. Upande wa goshini,
weather side, windward. Pittdua
(chombo) ku<a goshini, tack about,
bout ship. Enda goshi, sail near the
wind. Goshi la tanga, the lower,

Gongo. n. (wa-), (i) a thick,

heavy stick, cudgel, club,
bludgeon (for other kinds, see
Bakora). Also of other thick
things, e. g. (2) seam (in a dress);
(3) hump (of a camel), cl nundu;
(4) dense wood, thicket, gongo la
mwitu, where trees are thickest in a
forest. (Cf. mgongo, gonga.)

Gota mlango, tap at a door. Also

Gongoja, v. See Kongoja.

Gongomea, v. hammer, give
blows to, drive with blows, as
rivets, nails, pegs, stakes, &c., and
so 'nail up/ Ps. gongo mew a, fasten
up. Akazi- gongomea nguo katika
bweta, and he nailed up his clothes
in a box.

forward part of the sail in a native

vessel. Sec Tanga. Kali a goshi, (1)
be to windward of, and so (2) fig.
have an advantage over, have the
best position as to. Iluyu anakukalia goshi, this man has the better
position, menaces your safety.
Gota, v. knock, tap, rap, strike.

Gotagota, of drumming on an
instrument, and Gogota, which
see. Ps. gotwa. Nt. goteka. Ap. gotea, -ewa. Cs. got-eza, -ezwa, cause
to knock, e.g. goteza mamno, of illpronounced, broken speech, the
opposite of fluent speaking.
Gotagota maneno, of jumbling
words of different dialects
together. Rp .gotana, like
gongana, e. g. vyornbo vina- gotana,
the dhows are knocking together.
(Cf. mgoto, and syn. gonga,
piga,fna, bisha, &c.)

-gonjwa, a. sick, ill, unwell,

in* disposed. U mgonjwa ao mzima?
Are you ill or well ? Huyu ni
mgonjwa sana, this man is very ill,
Goti, n. (ma-), k nee. Piga
a great invalid. (Cf. ugonjwa, gottjmagoti, kneel down.
weza, and cf. -weli.)
Govi, n. also Ngovi, but in Z.
Gonjweza, v. Cs. cause to be
ill, make ill or sick. Jigottjweta, Ngozi, which see. Govi mboo, precondition
of
being
pretend to be sick, sham sickness, puce,
behave as if sick. Ps. gonjwezwa. uncircumcised.
(Cf. follg.)
Guba, n. (ma-), packet of
*Gora, n. (ma-), also Jora, and aromatic leaves (of mkadi, and
other
kinds), sold for their
commonly Jura, a length of calico,
calico in the piece (of about 30 to perfume. Cf. kiguba. (Dist. ghubba,
kuba.)
35 yards).

Gubari, n. (ma-). See Ghubari, and

Gorongondwa, n. a kind of
lizard (Str.). Cf. mjusi. (There is Wingu.
perh. also a verb gorong'onda,
*Gubeti, n. prow of a native
work about with a zigzag
vessel; head, figure-head, often
movement.
project- | ing far in front, and
*Goshi,
n.
also Joshi, ornamented with carving, &c.,
windward or weather side, in described as kikono cha onto, as
navigation ; also called ut>ancU being like a hand held out from

the bow. (Cf. onto, hanamu, and

Guguta, n. cob or ear of Indian
contr. shetri, stern.)
corn, with the grains removed.
(Cf. muhindi and kigunzi.)
Gubi, n. (ma-), leaf stalk of
cocoa- nut tree (mnazi). 4
Guia, v. and Guya, seize,
catch, hold. Guia nyama, catch an
Gudi, n. (/*), dock for animal in a trap. Ps. guiwa. Cs.
ships. (Cf. gadi, and majahaba, lit. gui- za, -zwa. Rp. gui-ana. (Cf.
supports, props.)
shika, nasa} kamata, all more used
in Z.)
Gudulia, n. (ma-), pitcher, porous water jar, water-cooler of
Gumba, n. kidole cha gumba,
earthenware. Dim. kigudulia. (Cf. thumb. (? Mtu gumba, a solitary,
kuzi, mtungi.)
childless, or sterile person.)
Gugu,
n.
(ma-),
weed,
undergrowth, wild plant of no
value. Gugu mwitu, a plant
resembling corn, tare. I.ala
maguguni, sleep in the bush; used
also as indeclin. adj. (like mwitu),
wild, uncultivated, from the
jnngle. (Cf. kigugu.)

Gumegume, n. bundukiya gumegume, a flint-gun. (Cf. bunduki, and

perh. -gumit.)

-gumu, a. (ngumu with D 4 (P),

D 6, gurriu with D 5 (S)), (1) hard,
tough, firm, solid, strong. (Contr.
-ororo, laini, ihaifu.) Boriti hii ngumu
kama chuma, this pole is as hard as
Gugumiza, v. gulp, gulp down, iron. (2) Hard to deal with,
swallow with a gurgling sound, difficult, laborious, puzzling.
splutter in the water,as a (Contr.
swimmer in rough water, or man
out of his depth; also of defective rahisi, -epesi.) Kazi ngumu, hard
utterance. Mgonjwa amegugumiza work. (3) Brave, resolute, stoutmaji kiva shidda, the sick man has hearted, courageous, obstinate,
swallowed some water with an self- willed, fixed, unyielding.
effort. Agugu- miza maneno, he talks Mbona wewe mgumu sa'na ? Why
in a jerky, spluttering way. will you not change your mind ?
(Cf.goteza.)
(cf. syn. hodari, thabiti, -kali). (4)
Inexorable, cruel, hard-hearted.
Guguna, v. (i) gnaw, bite at; (Contr. -ema, -pole, -a huruma.)
(2) carp at, annoy, molest. Panya
amegugutia muhogo, a rat has
Guna, v. (1) grunt, grumble,
gnawed the cassava. Ps. gugunwa. murmur; (2) express disapproval,
Mtu amegugunwa na Jisi, the man indignation, contempt, * protest,
has been gnawed by a hyaena. Nt. complain, sneer at/ Boat hi ya watu
gu- gtinika. Ap. gugun-ia, -iwa. Cs. watia- mguna, some of the people
gugun-iza, -izwa. (Cf. tafuna, ? guna, sneer at him. (Cf. ingum, gum,
and perh. a verb gugunua, carp at, nung'u- nika.)
'
annoy, molest.)
Gun da, n. (ma-), a horn used
Gugurusha, v. also heard as for blowing. Dim. kigunda. (In Z.
gurugusha,
of
movement, commonly pembe, baragumu.)
producing a rustling or scraping
Gundi, n. gum-arabic.
sound, as of a rat, rustle about,
shuffle along, rattle about. (Cf.
Gundua,
v. come
upon
syn. piga mtakaso and furttkuta.)
unexpectedly, take by surprise,

GONGO

85

GUGU

catch unawares, startle, start (a a wheel. Used in the plur. of any

wild animal from its lair). vehicle of which the wheels are
Ps.gunduliwa.
Nt. gu- conspicuous.
(Cf.
gart.)
Magurudumu ya rnzinga, a gun
carriage.
nduka. Ap.gundu-lia, steal upon,
approach secretly, stalk (cf. nyeGuruguru, n. (ma-), and Mgurumelea). Cs. gundu-lisha, -lishwa, guru, a large kind of burrowing
lizard. (Cf. mjusi, ken go.)
-liza.
Rp.gunduana. (Cf. stusha, stuka, and fumania, nyemelea.)
Gurugusha, v. a variant of
Gunga, v. use (native) medicine Gugu- rusha, which see.
(uganga, dawa) to secure health,
safety, well being. Jigunga, secure
Guruta, v. smooth with a press,
oneself, take precautions for put through the rollers of a
safety by charms, medicine, mangling machine, mangle,of
&c., i.e. native form of life clothes and linen generally. Guruta
insurance.
nguo hizi vizuri, mangle these
clothes properly. I's. gurutwa. Nt.
Gungu, n. (ma-), a mode of gitrutika. Ap. gurut-ia, -iwa. Sina cha
dancing, a figure in a dance, e. g. kugurutia, I have no mangling
gungu la kukwaa, the stumbling machine. Cs. gurut-isha, -ishwa.
figure; gungu la kufunda, the
pounding figure.
Guna, v. touch, finger, handle
with the fingers. Is .guswa. Nt .gu*Guni, n. (ma-), (1) a matting st ka.
Ap. gus-ia, -iwa.
Kp.
bag used for dates. Dim. kiguni.
Also used to describe unrhymed gjtsa/ta. (Cf. (omasa, pa/asa, bony
or blank verse, mashairiyenyi guni,
as opp. to rhymed poetry, mashairi esha^)
Guta, v. bawl, shout, cry out.
yenyi vina. (2) A carpenters spokeshave. (Hind. Guni of poetry may Ap. gut-ia, -iwa. Cs. gut-isha,
come from the name of a famous ishwa. (Cf. syn. lia, piga kelelc.)
Pemba poet, Guni.) *
Gutu,
n.
{ma-),
stump,
Gunia, n. (ma-), (1) a coarse remainder.
bag or sack used chiefly for rice
G . la mkono, stump of
imported from India, &c. Also (2)
mutilated arm. (Cf.
the material of which it is made,
kikono.) G. la tnnazi,
sackcloth.
trunk of cocoanut tree
with the crown broken
Guno, n. {ma-), grunt, grumble,
off. Also dim. kigutu,
sound expressive of indignation
(Cf. shiku, baki, salio.)
or contempt. (Cf. guna, mgutw.)
Gutua, v. or Kutua, startle,
Gunzi, n. (ma-), full-grown ear,
or cob, of Indian com {muhittdi). frighten, surprise. Nt. gutuka. (Cf.
the
more common stusha, sluka.)
(Cf. kigunzi, and kibunzi.)
Guru, n. Sukali guru, a coarse
unrefined kind of sugar made
from the cane, as in Z., and sold in
large dark-coloured lumps.
*Gurudumu, 11. (, and ma-),

Guu, n. {ma-), used of any

object resembling a leg (foot), or
of a leg (foot) of large size, but in
Z. mguu is always used of the leg
(foot) of an animal or man. Ubau
wa rnaguu matatu, a three-legged
stool, tripod.

Swahili is to soften down all

gutturals to the point of
disappearance, though they are
learnt and retained in some words
of comparatively recent introduction and by persons brought
into close relations with Arabs. II
also represents in a few words an
Gwauda, n. also Bwanda, a initial Alif or Ain in the Arab
short kind of kanzu (which see), original, and when an h sound in
sometimes worn by men, reaching Arabic follows a vowel closely,
to the knees.
the tendency in Swahili is to
pronounce it before the vowel.
*Gwaride, n. {ma-), one of the
words used in Z. for the native
A word not found under II may
police/ and esp. their military therefore be looked for under Kh,
band,
called
also
tndundo, or under the first vowel of the
matarumpeta. Kucheza gwaride, to word.
drill. (Cf. Engl, guard.)
H.
II- (1) is the characteristic of the a.
H represents generally the and adv. demonstrat. of nearness
same sound as in English,a and of reference, this, this near
sound which is of great
importance in verb-forms in me, this, referred to, that, which
Swahili, as being the main charac- appears (followed always by the
teristic
of
the
negative same vowel as occurs in the
conjugation.
following syllable'' in huytt, haunt,
In words of Arabic origin, this huu, hii, hizi, hiki, hiri, hili, hay a,
sound represents both forms of huktt, humu, ha pa, and the
Arabic II, and also in most words
the Arabic Kh. The tendency in corresponding forms in -0

HA

88

HADITHI

,huyo, &c. (See, esp. Huko, and Sometimes used as a n . , a little

Huyu, and cf. the other of anything. (Cf. kidogo.) JIaba na
characteristic demonstr. letter Z.) haba hujaza kibaba, grain upon

(2) As a nega grain fills the measure. (Cf. Ar.

haba, a grain, and syn. B. -chache,
tive prefix, is found only in the 2 kidogo, kitarnbo.)
and 3 Pers. S. of verb-forms. See
Ha- and Hu-.
Habari, n. and Khabari, (1)
news,
report,
message,
Ha, a verb-form, he (she) is information; (2) events, matters,
not, negative prefix used in proceedings, things. Common in
agreement with Mtu. Yeye ha salutations, of persons meeting, e.
mwema, he is not good. Si is g. Habari ? or Habarigani? How are
usually preferred to ha.
you? How are you getting on ? or
Habari ya siku nyingi? How have
Ha- is the characteristic you been of late? Niambie h. yake,
negative prefix of all verb-forms, tell me about him. Kwa h. ya jambo
except (1) where si is used, i. e. in Hie, as to that matter. H. zangu
the 1 Pers. S. of the Indie. Mood, zilizonipata, things that happened
in the Subjunctive, and in verb- to me. Ginsi gani kutufanya h. He?
forms containing a relative, e. g. What did you treat us like that
si-pendi, I do not like ; asiende, that for? (Ar. Cf. hubiri, and syn.
he may not go; yasi- yopendeza, maarifa, tarifu, jambo.)
things which do not please. (2)
Where it becomes h- only, i. e. in
Habba, n. (ma-), and Hubba,
the 2 and 3 Pers. S., e. g. h-u-pendi
for ha-upendi, you do not like, and
( 1 ) love,
fondness,
h-a-pendi for ha-apendi, he does not
affection; (2) lovelike; (3) when an additional sign
token, souvenir, gift. Of
of the negative is required, viz. the
natural affection of
change of final a to i, in the
friends and relatives, as
Present Indicative only, e. g.
well as of the sexes. Tia
hawapendi, they do not like. Ha-, as
habbani, take a fancy to.
Negative Prefix, is always initial.
Ana habba nami, he is in
love
with
me.
Ha- is also a contraction for
Hanifunulii habba, he
iiika the sign of the First Person
does not open his
Singular in the ka or Narrative
feelings
to
me.
Tense. Ha- mwona for nikamwona,
Amenitoka habbani, I have
and I saw him. (Confusion with
ceased to care for him.
the negative is barred by the
(Ar.
Cf.
common
change of final a to i in the
address
in
letters,
Present Tense, see above, e. g.
muhebbi, and syn. pendo,
hamwoni, he does not see him, or
mapenzi, shauku.)
you (plur.) do not see.)
Habeshia, n. (ma-), also Mhabe*Haba, a. (1) little (in shia, Habushia, an Abyssinian.
quantity), few; (2) rare, scarce ; Used also of female domestic
(3) not enough, deficient, too slaves of the suria class, of
little, short (in amount). Chakula whatever race.
h., not enough food. Mtu //., a rare
kind of man. Siku h., a few days,
Hadaa, v. cheat, deceive,
insufficient time. Maji h., shallow outwit. Ps. hadaiwa. Nt. hadaika, be
water,
not
enough
water. deceived. n. deception, cun-

ning,

trickery,

&c.

(Ar.

Cf. Hadithi, v. narrate, tell stories,

danganya, punja, kalamkia, &c., also

relate, describe, recount, report.
hi la, ujanja, werevu.)
Ps. hadithiwa. Ap. haditk-ia, -iwa,
Hadimu, n. (ma-), servant, at- tell to (for, about, in, &c.), e. g.

tendant, slave. In Z. usually Mhadimu, which see, i. e. one of the pamehadithiwa vingi, there^ are
original inhabitants of the island. many stories told about the place.
(Cf. hudumu, Mhadiniu, and syn. Tumehadithiwa, we have been told
mtumishi, mtumwa, mngoje.)

,H A F I F T J history
relates. n. story,
tale, account, report,
history, legend, fiction. Ni hadithi
iu, it is only a story, mere fiction.
(Ar. Cf. 'umulia, and habari, kisa,
tigano.)
Haflfu,
a.
trifling,
insignificant, poor in quality,
valueless, frivolous. Mtu h., a
person of no consequence. Nguo
A., calico of inferior quality. Roho
A., a light, flighty, wayward
disposition. (Ar. Cf. syn. - nyonge,
duni, -dago, rahisi.)
Hai, a. or Hayi, alive, living,
having life, animate. Yu hai, he is
alive. (Ar. Cf. uhai, huika, AuisAa,
and syn. B. -zima.)
Hai, a verb-form, it is not, they
are not, Negat. Pfx. with Pers.
Pfx. agreeing with D 2 (P) or D 6
(S). Sec Ha-.
Haiba, n. beauty, adornment,
decoration. Mwanamkc ana h. uso
wake, the woman has beautified
her face. H. tnaingia sasa nyumbatii,
the house is becoming decorated
now. (Ar. Cf. syn. uzuri,pambo,
urembo.)
Hama, verb-form, it has not (is
not), they have not (are not),the
Negat. Pfx. with Pers. Pfx.
agreeing with D 2 (P) and I) 6 (S),
and na. See Ha-, Na.

Haini, n. traitor, betrayer, deceiver. Also rarely as v., betray.

(Ar. Cf. hiana, and for deceiving,
sec Danganya.)
Haithuru, v. often used as, it
does not matter, never mind, it is
all the same. (See Thuru, and syn.
mamoja.)

Haj, n. pilgrimage to Mecca,

inenmbent
on
all

HAKI

Mahommedans, where possible,

and often undei taken from Z.
KwenJa haj, to go as a pilgrim to
Mecca. (Ar. Sec Hoji.)

liaja, n. (t) need, want, appeal

for aid, request; (2) reason, cause,
ground, excuse, claim, right; (3)
what is needed, necessaries,
belongings, engagements, calls of
nature. Toa A. kwa, taka A. kwa,
make
arequest to,
request
something of. Sina A. naye, I have
no need of him, he is of no use to
me. Hana A., he is not wanted.
Haina A. ya ku- gombatia, there is no
reason for quarrelling. Mabdghala
ya kupakia A. zake, mules to carry
his baggage. Kwa A. ya kutembea,
for the sake of a walk. Fanya A,
attend to the calls of nature. (Ar.
Cf. Aitaji, hoji, hoja or httja, and
syn. for need, &c. mahitaji,
tnaombi, ukosefu,for reason, &e.
sababu, ajili, ntaana, sharti,for
necessaries riziki, mafaa, vyombo,
&c.)

(wa-), a pilgrim, one who is on his

way to or has been to Mecca; and
(3) more generally of an adherent
of any religion. Mahaji ya kizungu,
people who follow the European
religion. v. also Hiji, Heji,
make a pilgrimage to Mecca. Ap.
haj-ia, -iwa. Atanihajia rnahali
pangu,
he will make the
pilgrimage for me. Cs. haj-isha,
ishwa, send as a pilgrim, allow to
go, provide means for, &c. (Ar.
Cf. haj. I)ist. haji, he does not
come, i . c . from ja, v.)
Hajiri, v. remove (from),
leave, emigrate, move house. (Ar.
for the common B. syn. Aama.)

*Hakali, n. or Hikali, payment

for privilege, e. g. kushtka hakali,
force to make a deposit, or pay
footing, as a stranger intruding,
Hajambo, verb-form,Negat. &c. (Arab, higdl.)
Pfx, of 3 Pers. S. combined with
jambo, thing, affair, matter,he is *Haki, n. (1) justice, right, lawnot (affected by) anything, there is fulness. Mtu wa A., a just man.
nothing the matter with him. See
Hukumu A., or kwa haki, judge
Jambo.
justly. Shika (or fanya) A., be just,
Haji, n. (1) also Haj, a pilgrimage to Mecca, see Haj; (2) deal justly. (2) In general, absolute
justice, righteousness. Afuungu n

HALI

mwenyi A, God is the

Righteous One. (3) In particular, a
claim, a right, a privilege, a just
share. Nipe h.yangu, give me my
wages, what I have a right to.
Killa tnyenyi h. atnwiaye fullani , any
one who has a claim as creditor of
so and so. End a hakini, appeal to
the law. Nakuuliza kwa haki, I have
a right to ask you. (Ar.)

Haki, verb-form, it is not. (Cf.

hai.)

Hakika, n. certainty, reality,

genuineness, fact, truth. Mambo
haya ni A., these are facts. H. yako,
truth as to you, you certainly, e.g.
h.yako umekosa, you are certainly
wrong. Sina h. nalo, I am not sure
about it. As adv. truly, certainly,
really. (Ar. Cf. hakiki, halisi, kweli.)
*Hakiki, v. make sure about,
ascertain, investigate, prove,
know for certain. Ps. hakikiwa. Nt.
hakikika, e. g. haihakikiki, certainty
is unattainable. Ap. hakik-ia, -iwa,
inquire into (about, for, at). Cs.
hakik-isha, -ishwa, cause to investigate, make a strict inquiry, have
a matter gone into. (Ar. Cf. hakika.)

Hakimu, n. (;), judge,

ruler, chief. H. welu anayetumiliki,
our chief who rules over us. H.
hapen- delei mtu, the judge favours
no one. (Ar., not often used in Z.,
cf. httkumu, and ? hekima, and syn.
sultani, mfalmeyjumbe, fumiiy kathi.)
Hakiri,
v.
treat
with
contempt, despise, abase. Cs.
hakir-isha, -ishway e.g. as Intens.,
vilify, scorn. (Arab, for common
tharau, tweza} Ihilisha.)

Hako, verb-form, also Hayuko,

he (she) is not there (is away, is
absent), Negat. Pfx. of 3 Pers. S.
ha agreeing with D 1 (S), and
Locat. Pfx. ho. (So haytiko, hapo,

91
-HAMISHI
hamo, &c.)

Haku-, as first part of a verbform, is the Negat. Pfx. with ku,

which in this combination may be
(1) sign of Past Tense Negat., e.g.
hakupendezayas, of same views as,
a follower of. Yu h. yetu, he is one
of ns. H. ya kuwa ukiwa, a state of
desertion,
desolation,of
a
woman abandoned by her
husband. (Ar. Cf. mahali, pahali.)
Hall, verb-form, it is not,
Negat. agreeing with D 5 (S). Cf.
hai. (Dist. hali, he does nor eat,
Negat. Present, from la.) *
Halifu, v. (1) oppose,
contradict,
rebel
(against),
disobey. //. mfalnu, or kwa mfalme,
rebel against the king. H. sheria,
transgress the law. Amenihalifu
sana, he violently opposed me. (2)
Leave behind, esp. at death, i. e.
bequeath. Atulika mali yote
aliyohalifu fullani, make an inventory of all property left by Soand- So. Ps. halijiwa. Ap. halif-ia,
-iwa,-tana. Cs. halif-isha, -ishwa, e.
g. incite to disobedience, &c.
a.
rebellious,
disobedient,
headstrong. (Ar. Cf. for (1) -halifu,
uhalifu, and syn. asi, kaidi, and B.
pinga, bisha, teta, &c., for (2)
halafu, and acha, rithisha.)
Halili, Halilisha. See Halali,
Halalisha.
Halisi, a. real, genuine, true,
exact, precise, accurate. Myao
halisi, a true genuine Yao. Ndio
halisi nitakayo, that is exactly what
I want. Also adv., exactly,
perfectly, really, just, just so.
Njema halisi, of the very best
quality. (Ar. Cf. syn. haswa,
sawasawa, kweli.)

* Halim, n. a common sweetmeat,

made of flour, eggs, sugar, ghee, &c.,
and often brought by Arabs from Muscat.

Haluli, n. Chumvi ya haluli,

sulphate of magnesia, Epsom

he did not please, or (2) pfx.

agreeing with Infin. Mood, e. g.
kulala haku- pendeziy lying down is
not pleasant, or (3) pfx. of general
reference, e. g.
haktipendezi, the circumstances are
unpleasant, or (4) Pers. Pfx. of 2
Pers. S. object, or P. object (with
-eni), e.g. hakupendiy hakupendejii, he
does not like you.
Hakuna, verb-form, often used
as simple negative no, not so, it is
not, Negat. Pfx. ha-y with ku of
general reference or agreeing with
an Infin. Mood, and na, which see.
(Cf. hamtiay hapanay and for Negat.
la, siyo.)

*Hal, n. Hal wdradi, otto of

roses,one of the favourite and
most costly perfumes in Z. (Ar.)
*Halafu,adv.
afterwards,
presently, not yet, after a bit. Also
commonly halafu yakc, afterwards.
Always of time. (Ar. Cf. baada,
baadaye, bado kidogo, and nyuma.)
Halali, a. lawful, permissible,
allowed, rightful, optional, available, ceremonially clean. Mke wake
h., his lawful, wedded wife. H.
kwenda, you may go if you like.
Kwiba si h., it is unlawful to steal.
Also as a n., h. yako, it is right for
you, you may. Kichwa changu h.
yako, my head is at your mercy.
(Ar. Cf. halalisha, and hiyari. Contr.
haramu, and dist. verb-form halali,
he does not lie down, from lala.)
Halalisha, v. Cs. make lawful,
legalize, declare right, free from
legal or ceremonial objections or
disabilities.
Muhammadi

hakuhalalisha nyama ya nguruwe,

Mohammed did not sanction pork

(as food). Ps. halalishwa. (Ar. Cf.
halali.)
Halasa, n. sailors wages, i.e.

ujira wa waanamaji.

Hali, n. state, condition,

circumstances, case. A common
form of address is Halt gani? or U
hali gani? How are you ? (Cf.

Habari, Jarnbo, Salaam.) Kwa killa h. }

salts.

HALI

91

-HAMISHI

g. Al harndu illahi, praise to God.

(Cf. himidi, hemdi, and syn. si fa.)

Ham, verb-form, vou (plur.)

are not,Negat. Pfx. with Pfx. of
-hame,
a.
deserted,
2 Pcrs. P.object. (Cf. ha, and m.) abandoned, of place, e. g.
maharnc, pahame, a deserted
Hama, v. change habitation, village. (Cf. hama, -hamishi, and
emigrate, flit, remove (from, to). syn. -kiwa.)
H. nyumba (mji, inchi), move from
(or, to) a house (town, country).
Kami, v. protect^ defend.
Ap. ham-ia,-iwa. Cs. ham-isha,-ish- (Arab. Cf. hamaya, and the
wa, e. g. cause to remove, eject, common s\n. tunza, linda.)
banish, transport. (Cf. -hamc,
Hamila, Hamili. See Himila,
-hamishi.)
Himili.
Hamaki, v. be confounded,
Hamira, n. leaven, yeast,
lose ones wits, act foolishly.
made by mixing flour and
(Ar. Cf. shangaa, toshewa,
water, and leaving it to turn
pumbaza. Dist. tahamaki.)
sour. (St.) (Arab, for common
Hamali, n. (ma-), porter, syn. B. chachu.)
carrier,
coolie,the
-hamishi, a. wandering,
professional town carrier in Z.
Cf. mchukuzi, any carrier of a nomad, migratory, homeless.
parcel, or load; mpagazi, a (Cf. hama, -hame.)
caravan- porter. Merikebuya h. ,a
Hamna, verb-form, (i) there is
freight vessel, merchant ship.
not inside, there is not, nosame
Gari la h., a trolley, goods-van.
(Ar. Cf. harnili, hi- tnili, stahimili, as hakuna, hapana, but with m of
reference to interior, for ku, pa\ (2)
and syn. mpagazi, mchukuzi.)
you (plur.) have not, in which m is
Hamami, n. a public bath, the Pers. Pfx. of 2 P. subject. See
bathing establishment. (Ar. Cf. Hakuna.
for room bath, birikaya kuogca,
Hamo,
verb-form,
also
kiogco.)
Hayumo, he is not withinsame
*Hamarawi, n. rope attached as Hako (which see) with mo,
to lower or forward end of the locative of interior, for ko.
yard in a native vessel, to
*Hamsi, n. and a., five. Rarely
steady it and assist in shifting,
when tacking,a forebrace. used alone, for the common B.
tano. Harnsi mia, five hundred.
See Foromali.
(Arab. Cf. hams ini, hamstashara,
Hamaya, n. protection, alhamisi.)
guardianship. Usually in formal
*Hamsini, n. and a., fifty, -a
documents, e. g. Ji hamayat al
Ingereza,
under
British hamsini, fiftieth. (Ar. Cf. kamsi.)
protection, for the common
*Hamstashara, n. and a.,
chiniya mkono wa, or mkononi
fifteen, -a hamstashara, fifteenth.
mwa, in the hands of. (Ar. Cf.
(Ar. Cf. hamsi, ashara, and syn. B.
syn. B. ulinzi, tunza.)
*Hamdu, n. praiseusually
in Arab formal expressions, c.

kumi na tano.)

*Hamu,

n.

grief,

sorrow,

distress. Tia hamUy grieve. Fanya

(ingiwa na) hamu, he grieved. (Ar.
Cf. ghamniUy and syn. huzuni,
sikitiko, majonsiy &c. Dist. hamu,
haste, hurry,not often heard, cf.
hima. Tuna hamu ya kwenda zetu, we
are in a hurry to go, &c.)

*Hanzua, n. a kind of sword

dance, commonly played after
Rama- thani.
Hao, a. pron. of reference, 3
Pers. P. agreeing with D 1 (P),
those referred to, those there. See
Huyu, and O.

*Hana, v. also Hani,mourn

Hapa, a. pron. of place, this
(with), pay a visit of condolence
(to), join in a formal mourning. place, agreeing with D 7,
Ap. han-ia, -iwa. Cs. hani-shay seldom of time or circumstances,
-shwa. Rp. haniana. (Ar. Cf. and generally used alone as pron.
or locative adv. II. pazuriy this is a
matanga.)
nice place. Toka h. hatta ntjiniy from
Hana, verb-form, he (she) has here to the town. Njoo h.y come
notNegat. Pfx. with na, which here. H. pana watu, here there are
see. liana hitu, he has nothing. people. Sometimes papa hapa, just
liana kwaOy he has no home, he is here, on this very spot (cf. papa).
a vagabond.
See Huyu, and cf. follg.
*Hanamu, a. oblique, aslant,
Hapale, a. pron. for hapa-pale,
sideways. Kata h., cut obliquely. just there, at that very place. (Cf.
(Cf. syn. mshathaliy komboy upande.) huyule, hivihy See., and see Huyu,
Yule.)
*Handaki, n. ditch, trench,
channel (artificial). (Ar. Cf. shimo,
Hapana, verb-form, there is not
tnsingi.)
there, there is none, nosame as
hakuna, hajtma, but with pa, agree*Hando, n. a copper vessel, ing with D 7, of place. Commonly
similar to the earthenware mtungi, as a simple negation, like hakuna,
with narrow circular opening at la, siyo.
the top, used chiefly for carrying
and storing water. (For other
Hapo, a. pron. of reference,
metal vessels cf. sufuria, kitasa, agreeing with D 7, and like hapa
kalasia.)
commonly used alone, but unlike
hapa, of time as well as place, and
Hangaika, v. See Angaika.
also
more
generally
of
circumstances. Toka hapo! get out
*Hani, v. also Hana, which see. of that! go along! II. kale, in the
days of old, once upon a time,
Hanikiza, v. Cs. talk down, often at the beginning of a story.
bear down with loud talking, Tangu h., tokea h.t from long ago,
drown an opponents voice, bluff, ever so long. Hapo, in that case,
prevent hearing. Rp. hanikizana.
under the circumstances.. II. mbali,
that was a different case.
Hanisi,
a.
impotent
(sexually), effeminate, weak. (Ar.) Also papo hapo, just there, at that
very place (time, crisis). (Cf.
Hanithi, a. ribald, foul, hapa, huyo, papa.}
shameless. Acha neno h. wee, stop
that bad language, will you?
(Arab, for more usual -najisi,
-chafn, -baya.)

HALI

91

-HAMISHI

Hapo,
verb-form,
also Mahommedan law or custom.
Hayupo, he (she) is not here, Mwatta wa h., an illegitimate child,
same as huko, ha mo, with locative a bastard. (Ar. harimu, harimisha,
-po for -ho, -mo.
and cf. gvmbesa, marufuku, and
contr. halali.)
Hara, v. have looseness of
the bowels, suffer from frequent
Harara, ri. heat, warmth, (i) of
purging, have diarrhoea, &c. II. the body, high temperature,
damu, have dysentery, pass blood inflammation, prickly heat, rash
with the stools. Dawa ya kuhara produced by heat. Ameshikwa
(also, ya kuha- risha), an aperient na //., he is hot, feverish. Yuna h. ya
medicine, a laxative, a purge. Cs. mapaja kwa jua na njia, he has a
har-isha, -ishwa. Chakula hihi rash on the thighs from the heat
chaniharisha, this food gives me and walking, (a) fig. hot temper,
diarrhoea. (Ar.)
rashness, precipitancy. II. ya moyo,
rnoyo wa h., moyo h.y a passionate
Harabu, n. (, and ma-)t one disposition, quick temper. (Ar. Cf.
who is destructive, a spoiler, a hari, and syn. moto, uvukuto.)
ruffian, a vandal. Mwarabu h.
usiende mrirna, the Arab is a
Hari, n. heat in general, and
destroyer, so do not go to the esp. perspiration, sweat. II. ya jua,
mainland. Nazi mbovn h. ya ttzima, the heat of the sun. Mwili wangu
bad cocoanuts spoil the good una //., my body is hot. Toka h.,
ones. Also a. -harabu, destructive, perspire.
violent. (Ar. Cf haribu, uharabu.)
H . zanitona, sweat drops off
Haradali, n. mustard. (Ar.)
me. (Ar. Cf. harara, and
syn. moto,josho.)
Haraja, n. cost, expense,
outlay, payment. " (Ar. Cf. harijia,
-haribifu, a. (haribifu with D 4
and more common syn. gharama.) (P), D 5 (S), D 6), destructive,
wasteful, prodigal, doing harm,
*Haraka, n. haste, hurTy, spoiling. Mharibifu wa mali, a
bustle, excitement, fun. Fatiya h., spendthrift. (Cf. haribu, haralnt,
make haste. Enda kwa h., be in a uharabu,
and syn.
-potevti,
hurry. Haraka, haraka, haina -bathirifu.)
baraha, hurry has no blessing.
Also as adv., in a hurry, hastily,
Haribu, v. injure, destroy,
Hurriedly. (Ar. Cf. harihisha, and spoil,
damage,
ruin,
for haste, syn. hitna, wept si, and demoralize. //. kazt, spoil work. //.
for Hurry, attgaika, chafuka.)
safari, break up an expedition. //.
inchiy devastate a country. 11.
Harakisha, v. Cs. and Hari- mimba, cause miscarriage. II. moyo,
kisha, cause haste (bustle, excite- pervert, corrupt. Ps. haribiwa. Nt.
ment, &c.). (Ar. Cf. haraka, ta- haribika, with several derived
haruki, and syn. himiza.)
forms. Ap. harib- ikia, be ruined, in
respect of, suffer loss of, and Ps.
Haramin, n. outlaw, pirate, haribikiwa, be the victim of
brigand, bandit, highway robber. violence, be robbed of everything,
(Ar. Cf. follg. and syn. mtoro, be utterly ruined. Cs. haribik- isha,
pakacha} mnyattganyi'.)
-ishwa, inflict ruin on. Rp.
haribikana, be liable to destruction.
Haramu,
a.
forbidden, Ap. harib ia, -iwa, -tana. Cs. haribunlawful, prohibited, i.e. by isha, -ishwa. (Ar. Cf. harabu,

-haribifu, and syn.

angamiza, polcza.)

11. vunja, kirimu, karama.)

Harimu, v. make illegal, declare

Harijia, v. Ap. spend money
on, incur outlay for, make unlawful, forbid, ban, interdict,
provision for, IJC liberal to. Ps. excommunicate. Ps. harimiwa. Ap.
harijiwa. (Ar. Cf. harafa, and the harimia, forbid to, declar
more usual syn. gharimta, and cf.

HARIRI

ewrong for, &c. Cs. harim-isha,

-iskwa, often Intens. and so instead
of the Pr. harimu, declare illegal,
according to Mahommedan law.
Harimisha mtu kitu, interdict some
one from something. Tumeharimishwa kileo, we are forbidden
intoxicants. n. (ma-), person or
thing
forbidden.
Maharinin,
persons

94

HATHARI

Hasho, n. a piece of wood used

as a patch, let in or fixed on, to
close a hole, &c.
*Hasi, v. castrate, geld. Ps.

hasiwa. Also n. (ma-), a bullock, a

gelding. (Ar. Cf. mhasi, mak- sai,
and syn. tawashi.)

*Hasibu, v. also Hesabu, count,

reckon up, calculate. (Ar. For
within the prohibited degrees of derivatives, &c., see Hesabu.)
consanguinity and so forbidden to
*Hasidi, v. also Husudu, envy,
each other. (Ar. Cf. haramu,
haramia, and for forbidding, grudge, be jealous of. Unamhasidi
nguo zake, you envy him his
gombeza, kataza, marufuku.)
clothes. (For derivatives, &c., see
HusuduA n. (1) envy, jealousy,
*Hariri, n. silk. (Ar.)
spite; (2) an envious, spiteful
*Harisha, v. Cs. cause free ac- person, and in general, enemy,
tion of the bowels, produce foe. Tukaona huyu ndiye kasidi, and
diarrhoea. (Ar. See Hara, and cf. we see that he was indeed our
syn. endesha choo.)
enemy. (Ar. Cf. uha- sidi, uhusuda,
and syn. B. uwivu.)
*Harufu, n. (i) a letter (of the
alphabet), a written character,
*Hasimu, n. antagonist, rival,
figure.
opponent. (Arab. Cf. husuma,for
common adui, and cf. mdai, mtesi,
H. za
kiarabu,
Arabic &c.)
writing characters. (Ar.
Cf. tarakimu.) (2) Scent,
Hasira, n. anger, wrath,
smell, odour, of any passion. Kuwa na h., to be angry.
kind, good or bad. (Cf. Kutia h., to enrage. Used with
nuka, manukato, uvundo.) many verbs, e. g. fariya, ona, piga,
shikiva na} ingia, ingiwa, patwa na,
*Harusi, n. wedding. See &c. (The common word in Z. Cf.
Arusi. (Ar.the h representing kasirika, and syn. ghathabu,
Ain.)
uchungu, chuki. Dist. follg.)
*Hasara, n. loss, damage,
injury. Pata h., lose. Tia h., cause
loss to. Lipa h.f pay damages,
repay, make amends. (Ar. Cf.
hasiri, thara, upotevu.)

*Hasiri, v. injure, damage,

hurt, inflict loss on. Paka anahasiri
watu, the cat is doing injury to
people. Mbau zimemhasiri, the
planks have been a loss to him.
Ps. hasiriwa. Nt. hasirika. Ap. kasir*Hasha, int. certainly not, by ia, -iwa.
Cs. hasir-iska,
no means, impossible, God forbid,
a very emphatic negative. (Ar. -ishwa, and Intens. injure. Rp.
Other negatives are la, sio, hasiriana. (Ar. Cf. hasara, and syn.
hakuna.)
thara, shari. Dist. hasira, anger.)
*Hasherati, n. profligacy, vice.
See Asherati. (Ar.)

Hassa, adv. also Haswa,

exactly, wholly, completely, very
much. (Ar. Cf. halisi, barabba,
kabisd, sana.)
*Hatamu, n. bridle, i. e. ugwe
wa tndomoni, the mouth strap, to

finally, at last, in the end, and

sometimes as prep, after, e. g.
hatima kufa Awake, after his death.
(Ar. Cf. hitima, hitimu, and syn. B.
mwisho, kikomo.)

Hatiriaba, v. Cs. put in

guide or fasten an animal with. danger, endanger, risk, imperil.
(Ar. The bit is lijamu.)
Amehatir- isha rnali katika chornbo,
he has risked his goods on a
Hatari, n. danger, peril, risk, dhow. Ps. hatirishwa. Rf. jihatirisha,
jeopardy. Hatari kwenda, it is dan- risk oneself, i. e. jitia hatarini. (Ar.
gerous to go. Jitia hatarini, run a
risk, imperil oneself. (Cf. hatir- Cf. Aatari.)
.
isha, and dist. hathari. Cf. mash
Hutiyn, n. and Hatia, (i) fault,
aka.)
transgression, crime, sin; (a) guilt,
culpability. Tia hatiyani.
*Hathari, v. exercise care, be blame,
fault with, accuse. Kuwa na A.
cautious, act with prudence. Ha- find
na (miu) may mean cither to have
thari kwa adui, be on guard against done a wrong to, or, to have a
(be on the look-out for) an enemy. charge against. (Ar. Cf. thambi,
Jihathari is a common cry of warn- kosa.)
ing, Mind yourself! Look out!
Take care!like bismilla. n.
Hatta, (i) prep, until, up to, as
caution, care, prudence. Common far as, as much as,implying a
in such phrases as kuwa na A., to be point, object, degree, or condition
on ones guard; kutia A., to put on in view. 7oka hapa A. huko, from
ones guard, to caution. Also fanya here to there. Tangu assubuhi A.
h.t jipasha A., pata A. (Ar. Cf. syn. jioni, from morning to evening.
attgalia, jilinda, kuwa macho.)
Simpi A. moja, I will not give him
much as one (even one). Often
Hati, n. written note, as
kidogo, after a negative, i. e.
memorandum,
document, with
in the least, not even a little,
certificate, writing, esp. of an not
at all. Also without kidogo, but
official or formal kind, e. g. not
in same sense, habari hii si kweli
andikia hati, emancipate, write a hatta, this report is not true at all.
freedom-paper for. (Ar. Cf. Sometimes even with negative
waraka, a news letter, of ordinary only implied, e. g. Amekwcnda?
correspondence, and barua, cheti.) hatta, Has he gone? Not he. (2)
(a) connective, so, then,
Hat MI. n. See Hatiya, and conj.
next, often merely transitional and
Atia.
not requiring translation, A.
*Hatibu, n. (via-), a preacher. assubuhi, so in the morning. //. siku
H. anapanda ndani ya mimbara apate moja, one day, once upon a time,
kuhuiubu, the preacher is mounting (b) subordinate, so as to, even if,
the pulpit to give his address. (Ar. though. Ntafanza akili gani, h.
tugawe sawasawa ? What plan shall
Cf. Autubu, hotuba.)
I follow, so that we may divide
*Hatima, n. end, conclusion. equally? H. ajc na mkuki, usikubali,
Akakaa raha hatta hatima, and he even if he come with a spear, do
lived happily to the day of his not consent. (3) adv. H. ntanipiga, I
death. Hatimaye, for hatima yoke, will even beat him, I will go so far
used as adv.f finally. adv. as to beat him. a- hati yako h.

HARIRI

nimekuja, Thanks to your good

luck, 1 have even come, I am

positively here. (Ar.)

Hatu, verb-form, we are not,

Negat. Pfx. with Pfx. of 1 Pers. P.
See Ha-, and Tu.
*Hatua, n. step, pace, in
walking, also footstep, mark left
by the foot. Pima kwa A., measure
by paces. Vuta h. hapa na hapa, go a
step in either direction. Safari h., a
journey on foot. //. mbili tnbele,
two steps to the front. (Ar. Cf.
uayo.)

Hau, verb-form, it is not,

Negat. Pfx., and Pfx. agreeing
with D 2 (S), and D 4 (S). See
Ha-, and U.
Hauna, verb-form, it is not
(docs not exist), it has not,
Negat. Pfx., and Pfx. agreeing
with D 2 (S), D 4 (S), and na
(which sec).
Havi, verb-form, they arc not,
Negat. Pfx. and Pfx. agreeing
with Dj(P). See Ha-.

94

HATHARI

a short e. Cf. alfu, elfu, mwalimu,

elitnu, &c., and e.) (3) Eve, the
first woman. (Ar., not the same
h
as
(1)
and
(2).
(4)
See follg.
Hawa, pron. these, plur. of

huyu, agreeing with D 1 (P).

Hawa, verb-form, they are

not, Negat. Pfx. with Pfx.
agreeing with D 1 (P).
Hawa, Hawaa, Hawai, n.
also Hawara, a paramour, a
woman living with a man
who .is not her husband. (Cf.
suria,
kinyumba,
kahaba.)

mwandani,

Hawala, n. also Awala,

money order, cheque, dra'ft, bill
of exchange. (Ar. Cf. syn.
hundi, hati.)

Hawana, verb-form, they are

not (do not exist), they have
not,Negat. Pfx. and Pfx.
agreeing with D 1 (P), and na
(which see).

Havina, verb-form, they arc

not, they have not,Negat. Pfx.
Hawezi, n. 3 Sing. Pres.
and Pfx. agreeing with D 3 (I),
Indie. Negat. of weza, he is unable,
and na (which sec).
he has not strength, he is sick. So
*Hawa, n. (1) longing, bias, commonly
applied
to
the
strong inclination, lust, passion.
condition of sickness, as to be
sometimes used as an indeclinable
Jluyu yuna h. ya moyo, this man is adj., sick, ill, e. g. nalikuwa hawezi,
deeply in love. Usifanye h. na/si, for siwezi, 1 was ill. IValikuta watu
do not show bias, do not be wengi hawezi, they found many
partial. (Ar., withjytf final. Cf. people sick. And even as verb, e.
syn. shauko, habba, mapenzi, g. amehawezi, he has become sick,
ngoa, tamaa, roho, maelekeo, he is ill. See Weza, , and Siwezi.
uchu.) (2) Air, the air. II. ya kule
nzuri sana, the air there is
Hawi, v. 3 Pers. Sing. Pres.
delightful. Badili h., take a
Indie. Negat. of -wa (kuwa), he
change of air. (Ar., with alif
is not, he does not exist. See
final. Cf. anga, upepo, baridi,
-wa.
tabia, climate. Hawa is also
Hawili, v. (1) change,
sometimes written kezua,the
transfer. II. chombo, change
first a haying a light sound like

ship, trans-ship.
Hayamkini,
v.
it
is
impossible. See Yamkini. (Ar.)
Cs. hawil-isha, -ishwa. (2) Give security for, guarantee, undertake
Hayana, verb-form, they are
responsibility for. H. deni, become not (do not exist), they have not,
responsible for a debt. (Ar. Cf. Negat. Pfx. and Pfx. agreeing
hawala, and syn. (1) badili, (2) with D 5 (P), and na (which see).
diriki.)

Hayawani, n. a brute, a beast,

Haya, n. (1) shame, modesty, like a brute, and so of persons,
bashfulness, shamefacedness; (2) fool, idiot, brute. (Ar. Cf.
uhayawani, and syn. mjinga, mpu?
cause of shame, disgrace; (3) hu- nbafu.)
mility, respect, reverence. Tia h.,
make ashamed. Fanya (ana) h., feel
Hayi, a. alive, living. See Hai.
shame, be shy. Hana h., he is a (Ar.)
shameless (impudent, brazen)
Hayo, a. of reference, agreeing
person. (Ar. Cf. syn. aibu,fetheha,
with D 5 (P), those referred to,
tahayari. Dist. follg.)
those yonder, those. (Cf. huyo.)
Haya, (1) int. as call to action
Hayuko, verb-form, he (she) is
or effort, come on! now then!
work away ! step out! make haste! not there,Negat. Pfx., Pfx. yu
agreeing with D 1 (S), and
&c.;
locative Pfx. -ko. (Cf. ha-, -ho.)
( 2 ) a. these, plur. of huyu,
Hazama, n. also Azama, or
agreeing with D 5 (P);
(3) verb-form, they are Athima, nose-ornament, pendant.
*
not,Negat. Pfx. and (Ar.)
Pfx. agreeing with D 5
Hazamu,
n.
(
ma
-),
girdle.
(P).
Commonly in the plur. (Ar. Cf.
Hayale, a. for haya-yale, those ma- hazamu, mshipi, maso?nbo.)
very (things), agreeing with D 5
(P). (Cf. huyttle, huyu, yule.)

Hazi, verb-form, they are not,

Negat. Pfx., with Pfx. agreeing

with D 4 (P), D 6. (Cf. ha-.)

HAZINA
HESHIMA
*Hazina, n.
treasure, deposit of97
*Henzarani, n. a cane,
money, exchequer, privy purse. H.
ya malt, nyumba ya h., treasury. (Ar. canework.
Cf. dajina, tnali, akiba.)
Heri,
n.
happiness,
Hazina, verb-form, they are not blessedness, good fortune,
(do not exist), they have not, luck, success, advantage. II.
Negat. Pfx., with Pfx. agreeing yako ni yetu, your happiness is
with D 4 (P), D 6, and na (which ours. AItu wa h., a fortunate
(happy,
enviable)
man.
see).
Kujaliwa h.t to be granted good
*Hebbu, v. like, be pleased fortune. Kufu- nuliwa h.t to make
with, take a fancy to. Baba a lucky guess, hit on a happy
alinhebbu unyoya ule, his father took idea. Common in formula of
a fancy to that feather. Ap. hebb-ia, leave-taking, kwa heri, good-iwa. (Arab, seldom used. Cf. bye, or lava heri ya kuonana,
habba, hiba.)
good-bye till we meet again.
Also heri, it is well, it is best
Hedaya, n. gift, present, (like afa- ihali), e. g. heri ttende,
usually of something rare, costly, you had better go. (Af. Cf.
or wonderful. Kitu cha h., a costly subalkheri, masalkheri, in which
thing. (Arab. Cf. alia, zawadi, the kh is more distinctly heard
bakshishi, titnu, &c.)
as a guttural.)
*Hekalu, n. (ma-)f a large build- Hero, n. a small wooden
ing, a palace, a temple, the temple dish, sometimes on legs, used
at Jerusalem. (Ar. Cf. syn. B. for serving food on. (Cf.
jumbal)

chungu.)

ttekima,
n.
wisdom, *Hesabu, v. also Hasibu, Hiknowledge, judgement. (Ar. Cf. sabu, count, calculate, reckon
hakimu, hu- kumu, and syn. elimit, up. Ps. hesabiwa. Nt. hesabika.
busara, akili, maarifa.)
Flazi- hesabiki, they are not
counted, or, they are not to be
*Hekimiza, v. Cs. cause to counted, i.e. worthless, or, they
know, give instructions to, inform, arc past counting, i. e.
direct. Ametuhekimiza tukutunze, he numberless.
Ap.
hesab-ia,
directed ns to take care of you. Ps. reckon with (to the credit of,
hekimizwa. (Ar. Cf. prec.)
against, &c.). Rp. hesabiana,
settle accounts together. Cs.
Hema, n. (, and ma-), a tent. hesab-isha,
-ishwa,
e.
g.
Piga (simikisha) h.t pitch a tent. ntahesabisha, I will have an
Ondoa {ng'oa) h.t strike a tent. (Ar.) account taken. n. (1)
calculation,
*Hemdi, n. also llimidi, praise, reckoning,
(2) a bill, an
esp. in ascription to God. (Ar. Cf. enumeration;
account (of money, measure,
hatndu, follg. and syn. sifa.)
value);(3) the art of counting,
Hemidi, v. and Himidi, praise. numeration, arithmetic. Chita
Ps. hemidiwa. (Ar. Cf. hamdu, herndi, cha h., an account book, like
and syn. sifu.)
daftari. Toa h., give an account.
katika h.f put down to an
*Henza, n. halyard,the thick Andika
Fanya h.% reckon up,
rope by which the heavy yard and account.
Taka h., demand an
sail of a native vessel is hoisted. It calculate.
passes over a sheave at the account. (Ar. Cf. idadi, pirna,
masthead, and carries a double or
treble pulley (gofia) connected with

kadirl.)

lleshima, n. often lldshima, (1)

as a quality or condition, honour,
dignity, position, rank; (2) the correlative attitude in others, rcspcct;
reverence, awe, courtesy; (3) as
shown in act, a present, acknowledgement, fee. liana he has no
dignity, or, he is disrespectful.
Wekea (wekeana) h., treat (each H

HAZINA
other) with honour. H. kwake tele,
he is full of due consideration for
people. (Ar. Cf. follg. and syn.
(1) utukufu, daraja, cheo\ (2)
hofu,
adabu;
(3)
bakshishi, &c.)
Heehimu, v. honour, pay
respect to, treat with courtesy,
give a present to. Ps. heshimiwa.
Ap. he- shim-ia, -iana.
(Ar.
Cf. tukuza,

HESHIMA

97

(head) is in your hands, you may

kill me if you like. Killa mtu ana h.
katika ny- umba yake, every man is
master in his own house. Kazi ya
h., voluntary labour. v. choose,
prefer. Waa- nake wakahiyari
kukabili risasi zetu, the women
deliberately faced our bullets. (Ar.
Cf. ihtiari, and syn. chagua,fanya
kwa moyo.)

*Hiba, n. gift, present,

keepsake, souvenir,given as
sign of affection, hence also
bequest, legacy. (Ar. Cf. habba,
jali, stahi, hashimu.)
*Hessi, n. (, and ma-), a muhebbi, hebbu, and for present
screw. Also msomari wa hessi. (Cf. generally bakshishi, ada, zawadi,
&c.)
ytonz- fujo, msomari.)
Hich.0, a. of reference, that,
*Hethi,
n.
menses,
menstruation, more commonly that yonder, agreeing with D 3
mwezi or damu. Kuwa na h., to (S). (Cf. huyo and -0.)
menstruate, also ingia mwezini
Hidima, n. also Huduma, ser(damuni). (Ar.)
vice, employment, ministration.
Mzungu atia watu katika h. yake ,
Hi-, as first syllable of a verbform, is (if not part of the root) a this white man takes people into
contraction for niki-, i. e. Pfx. of 1 his service. (Ar. Cf. hudumu, mhaPers. Sing, of the Pres. Partic., dirnu, and syn. utumwa, utumishi,
e.g. hipenda} for nikipenda. (Cf. ha kazi.)
for nika, and see Ki.)
Hifathi, v. sometimes Haflthi,
Hiana, a. sometimes -hiana, (1) preserve, keep, protect, save. Muutough, hard, strong. Mti huu ni h., ngu amhifathi, may God keep him.
or una h., this wood is hard. (2) Ps. hifathiwa. Nt. hifathika. Ap.
Hard, unyielding, domineering, hifath-ia, -iana. Cs. hifath-isha,
(Ar. Cf. Imda, tunza,
oppressive, arrogant. (Cf. uhiana, -ishwa.
and syn. -gumU.) n. (1) ponya, okoa, &c.)
.
hardness;
Hii, a. dem. this, there,agree( 2 ) oppression.
Mtu
with D 2 (P), D 6 (S). (Cf.
hamfanyi mwe- nziwe h., a ing
Also hiile (of emphasis, i. e.
man is not hard upon huyui)
), that (those) very. (Cf.
his
friend.
(Hiana, hii-ile
uhiana,
is
also huyule.)
sometimes used as a
*Hikaya, n. and Hekaya, story,
variant
of
haini, anecdote, remarkable incident.
treacherous, deceitful.) Nna
*Hiari, n. and Hiyari, choice,
option, power of deciding,
control. Hiariyako, just as you like.
Kichwa changu h. yako, my life

h.

, I have something to
tell you. Tumeona h. leo,

we have seen a strange

thing to-day. (Ar. Cf.

hadithi, -iwa, -iana. Cs. himil-isha, -is/iwa.

(Ar. Cf. himila, hamali, stahimili,
and syn. chukua, vumilia, kuwa na
Hiki, a. dem. this,agreeing mimba.)
with D 3 (S). Also hikile (of
kisa,
ngano,
habari.)

emphasis,

Himiza, v. Cs. hasten, hurry,

cause to be done (to go) quickly.
i.
e. hili Hie), that very. Himiza watu kazi, make men work
quickly. Himiza ehakula, hurry on a
(Cf. huyu, huyule.)
meal. Ps. himizwa. Ap. himiz-ia,
*Hila,
n.
device,
trick, -iwa.
stratagem, craft, cunning, deceit.
Fanya h., use cunning, try to
Rp. himizatta. (Cf. hirna, and syn.
circumvent. Mtu wa
kimbiza, endesha, harakisha.)
Hina, n. henna, prepared from
, a wily, sly man. (Ar.
the plant mhina, a very favourite
Cf. ha- daa, madanganya, red dye.
werevu, ujanja.)
Hindi, n. (nta-), (1) a single
Hili, a. dem. this, agreeing with
D 5 (S). Also hilile (of emphasis,. grain of Indian corn, a seed of the
plant muhindi, which see; (2)
i. e. hili Hie), this very. India, also Ulaya Hindi, Uhindi.
(Cf.
huyu,
huyule.) (Dist. MHindi, a Hindoo.)
Similarly
hilo,
of
h.

Hini, v. refuse to give (to),

reference, that, that
withhold (from), keep back
yonder. (Cf. huyo, -0.)
(from). Ame- nihini fetha yangu, he
Hima, adv. quick, quickly, has kept back my money. Hat an ih
hastily, in a hurry. Fanya h., make in i, uganga, he will not refuse me
haste. Twende h., let us go quickly. medicine. Jihini ehakula, deny
Hima l himal quick! quick! oneself food. Is*. hiniwa. Nt.
(Ci.himiza, hamu, and syn. upesi, hinika.
Ap. hi
haraka, mbio.)
itHimidi, v. praise, extol, ia, -iwa, -iana. Cs. hin-isha, ishwa.
magnify, esp. of praise to God. Ps.
himi- diwa. n. praise. (Ar. Cf. Jihinisha, practise selfdenial. (Ar.
hamdu, hemdi, and syn. sifuy sifa.)
Cf. syn. ttyima, katalia.)
Hirimu, n. (, and wa-), (1)
Himila, n. (i) load, burden ; age, period of life, and esp. of
(2) pregnancy. Mke wangtt ana h., youth, from 10 to 25; (2) one of
amechukua mimba, my wife is with the same age, a contemporary.
child, she has conceived. (Ar. for Vijana wa h. moja, young people of
the commoner (1) mzigo, (2) the same age. Mahirimu yake ya
mimba. Cf. follg.)
kijana, the companions of his
youth. (Ar. Cf. umri.)
Himili, v. (1) bear, support,
carry, take away; (2) bear, endure,
Hirizi, n. charm, amulet, i.e.
accept, be equal to ; (3) be uganga wa kuvaa mwilini, uvalixuao,
pregnant. Rnhusa kuhimili rnizigo, medicine worn on the person,
leave to carry the loads. Himilijna, which is put on, round the neck or
endure the heat of the sun. Ps. at the side. Often a small leather
himiliwa. Nt. himilika. Ap. himil-ia, case, containing a sentence from

HAZINA

97

HESHIMA

the Coran. (Ar. Cf. uganga, daiva, need, want, petition. (Ar. Cf. haja,
talasimu.)
mhitaji, and syn. taka.)
Hisa, n. (1) part, portion,
Hitari, v. choose, select,
share (cf. fungu, sehemu); (2) ? prefer. Ps. hitariwa. Kalamu
indulgence, permission, pardon. iliyohitariwa, a choice, selected
(Ar.)
pen. Cs. hitar- isha, -ishwa, e. g.
cause to choose, give choice (of).
Hisani, n. kindness, favour, (Ar. Cf. follg., and the common
goodness. Kwa h. yako, by your syn. ehagua, teua.)
kindness. (Ar. Cf. ahsante, and
syn. fathHi, wema.)
Hitiari, n. also Ihtiari, choice,
selection, preference. //. yako, as
Hitaji, y. need, require, be in you like, i. e. upendaxyo. Nathari na
need of, lack, want, feel want of, h. tii kwako, the decision and
desire. Nahitaji ehakula, I need choice lie with you. (Ar. Cf. hitari,
food. Often impersonal, e. g. yahi- and syn. hiyari, nathari.)
taji tnashahidi waive watu wa kweli,

witnesses need to be truthful.

Yahi- taji ule satta, you should eat
heartily. Sometimes be wanting,
be wanted, e.g. vitu vinavyohitaji
katika in a- zishi, requisites for
burial. Ps. hitajiwa. Nt. hitajika. Ap.
hitajia, like hitaji, e.g. ahitajia
kupigwa, he wants a beating. Ahitajia kuwapo hapa, he needs must
be here. Rp. hitajiana. n. (ma-),

Hitilafu, n. also Ihtilafu, (1)

difference, something out of the
way (unusual, of special interest,
critical); (2) defect, blemish.
Shanri lao moja wala hafatia h., their
design is the same and there is no
difference. Aka -

ona h. kidogo, he noticed a

small variation. (3) Difference,
discord,
variance,
quarrel,
quarrelsomeness, of persons.
Also of musical sounds. Hana
hthere is nothing wrong about
him, he does not give trouble,
cause discord. v. be different,
make a difference. Sometimes
im* pers. imehitilafu, there is a
difference. Rp. hitilafiana, be
different, distinct from each other,
e. g. lugha hizi zimehitilafiana, these
languages (Swahili and Arabic)
are quite distinct. (Ar. Cf. tafanti,

with D 3 (P). Also commonly as

adv., thus, in this manner,
accordingly, so. Sasa hivi, at this
very moment, immediately, on the
spot. Leo hivi, this very day. Also
hivile, for emphasis, i.e. hivi vile,
those very (things).

Hitima, n. a Mahommedan
service, or office, in conclusion of
some event, i.e. a reading of
certain portions of the Coran, esp.
(1) a funeral service ; (2) service
at a housewarming; (3) a feast
given at such a ceremony, e. g.

Hiyo, a. dem. of reference, that

(those), that (those) yonder,
agreeing with D 2 (P), D 6 (S).
(Cf. huyo, -0.)

mbali- mbali, achanal)

Hivyo, a. dem. of reference,

those, those yonder. Also adv., in
that manner, in the manner
described, so. Often vivyo hivyo,
just so, exactly so. (Cf. huyo, -vyo.)
Hiyana, Hiyari. See Hiana,
Hiari.

Hizi, v. disgrace, put to

shame, dishonour, insult, inflict
punishment on. Mtoto amemhizi
babaye, the child has disgraced his
father. Ps. hiziwa. Nt. hizika. Ap.
hiz-ia, -iwa. (Ar. Cf. syn. aibisha,
fethehesha, tahayarisha, tweza.)

siku ya tatu hufanya h.,yaani hupika

wall, after three days (of
mourning, matanga) a feast is
made, i.e. rice is cooked. Kusoma
h. katika kaburi, to hold a service at
a grave. (Ar. Cf. hitimu, hati- ma,
Hizi, a. dem. these,agreeing
and for other services, buruda,
with D 4 (P), D 6 (P). Siku hizi,
fatiha.)

Hitimu, v. finish, end, come

to an end, be completed. Most
common in the special sense,
finish education, complete a
course of reading or instruction,
end an apprenticeship, become a
qualified teacher or workman,
equivalent to pass, take a degree,
be out of time. Mwalimu
amehitimisha chno mtoto, naye mtoto
amehitimu, the teacher has taken

his pupil through the whole

course of reading, and the pupil
has passed. Ap. hitim-ia, -iwa. Cs.
hitim-isha, -ishwa. Kulihitimisha
jambo letu, to complete our
business. (Ar. Cf. hitima, hatima,
and in general syn. isha, maliza,
timiza, kamilisha.)
Hivi,

some days ago, lately, modem

times, nowadays. Also zizi hizi,
just these, these very. Also hizile,
for emphasis, i. e. hizi zile, those
very. Hizo, as the form of
reference, those, those yonder.
(Cf. huyu, huyo.)
Hodari, a. (1) strong, firm,
stable, solid; (2) active, energetic,
brave, earnest, strong-willed.
Used of strength generally, in
substance, construction, character,
See. Boriti h., strong poles. Ukuta
h., a solid wall. Mtu h. wa kazi (wa
vita, wa maneno), an effective, able
mechanic (soldier, orator). (Perh.
Hind. Cf. thabiti, and syn. B. -a
nguvu, -gumu. Contr. thaifu.)

Hodi, n. used in Z. invariably

a.dem.these,agreeing and only as a polite inquiry before

HITIMA

entering a private house or room,

May I come in? and, unless an
answer is given,usually the
same word or karibu, come in,
good manners forbid entry. (Prob.
a word introduced by Arabs from
Muscat, meaning safety, wellbeing,' and so equivalent to
wokovu,salamu. Hence as an
interrogative, Is all well? all

100

HODI

-iwa. Rp. hojiana. (Ar. Cf. hoja,

HITIMA

Homa, n. fever, esp. of

malarial or ague-fever, described
as marathi ya baridi, or ya baridi, or
ya kitapo cha baridi, i.e. the chilly
or shivering sickness. Shikwa na
horna, have an attack of fever.
Horn a ya vipindi, intermittent fever.
(Ar. Cf. ki- dingapopo, dengue
fever, tnkunguru.)
Honga, v. make a payment, not
as of debt, but to secure an end,
hence bribe, pay toll, pay ones
way, pay a footing. Mhottge ndio
mpate kujenga, give him a present,
and so get leave to build. Ap.
hongea, pay for, secure an end,
advance a stage, get past a crisis,
be acquitted, get cleared of a
charge. Thus fig. of a woman after
childbirth. Leo nimehottgea (or,
hongela), I was delivered to-day.
Also of a stage of recovery after
circumcision. Cs. hong-eza, -ezwa,
(1) cause to pay toll, blackmail;
(2) cause (help,
allow) to advance a stage, or, to
secure an end, e. g. procure
acquittal. Kiapo kinihongeze, may
the ordeal be favourable to me, let
me
escape.
Also
of
congratulations after some event
or crisis, e. g. after a journey,
childbirth,&c. Mtu akisajiriakirudi,
httja watu kumhongeza, when a man
returns from a journey, people
come to congratulate him.
Akamhongeza mtolo wake kuzaa, he
congratulated his daughter on her
safe delivery. (Cf. hongo. These
words seem little used in Z., being
appropriate to mainland usages
and ideas. For bribing cf. rushwa,
m/ungula, kijiri, ttpenyesi, and for
congratulation salimu, pukttsa, -pa
mkono, tunza, jichua.)

Hongo, n. toll, tribute, blackmail,used

of
customary
presents given to native chiefs for
leave to pass through the country.
(Cf. honga, and for presents
generally bakshishi.) .

100

HODI

Hori, n. (1) creek, inlet, gulf,

arm of the sea. (Ar. Cf. gubba.) (2)
(ma-), a kind of canoe, with raised
stem and stern, usually from
India, and employed on the creek
at Z.
*Horji, n. a thickly padded
quilt, used as a saddle for
donkeys. (Ar. Cf. seruji.)
*Hotuba, n. See Hutuba.
Hu, verb-form, you are not,
Negat. Pfx. combined with Pfx. of
2 Pers. Sing, .i. e. ha-u, e. g. hti
mrefu, you are not tall. (Cf. ha-, u.)
Hu-, (1) verbal pfx. denoting
customary or repeated action,
without distinction of tense,
person, or number. Huenda, my
(your, his, her, its, our, their)
custom (habit, practice, usual
plan) is (was, has been, will be,
&c.) to go. In narrative often
followed by -ha-, hujikia pale
ttwajijani akalala, he would arrive
in the courtyard and go to sleep.
Sometimes cynically, vita huja,
wars will happen. (2) Negat. Pfx.
of 2 Pers. Sing., e.g. huendi, you
do not go. (3) A formative
element in several pronominal
advs. and adjs. See Huku.
Hua, n. a dove. (Cf. pugi, ninga,

njiwai)

Hubba, n. affection, desire.

See Habba. (Ar.)
Hubiri, v. give information
(to, about), inform, bringnews(to,
about), announce, report, relate.
Rohoyake ikamhubiri kuwa ndiye
mtnda, his heart told him that was
the wild beast. H. anjili, preach the
Gospel. Ps. hubiriwa.
Ap.
hubir-ia, -iwa.

Cs. hubir-isha, -ishwa.

n.

(;ma-),

that which is related, Huko, adv. dem. of general referreport, announcement, &c. (Ar.
Cf. habari, cf. syn. arifu, sumulia, e ence, in that case referred to, with
those circumstances in view, in
leza.)
Huduma, n. also Hudumu, connexion with that environment,
Hidima, service, attendance, wait- but commonly of place and time,
ing on a person, ministration. (Ar. from (to, at, in, &c.) that place
Cf. follg.)
(or, time), there, thither, thence,
Hudumu, v. serve, wait then, &c. H. na h., hither and
(on), attend (on). Mmkudumu
thither, here and there. 7/.
kwa
uendaho, where you are going to,
uzuri, see that you wait on him
your destination. H. uto- kako,
properly,. Ps. hudumiwa. Nt. where you come from, your
hudumika. Ap. hudum-ia, -iwa,
serve, be in attendance upon, starting-point. H. nyuma, (1) yonserve for (at, with, &c.). Cs. der in the rear; (2) meanwhile.
hudurn- isha, -ishwa. (Ar.
Cf. Kuko huko, just yonder, just there,
hudurna,
under those precise
circumstances. Huko is also used
vihadimu, uhadimu, and syn. tuto suggest the world beyond, the
mikia, ngojea, andikia.)
Huenda, used as adv., other world, the world of spirits.
sometimes Hwenda, it happens, {Huko include
sometimes, at times, and so *
possibly, perhaps, it may be,
there is a chance. (Enda with
pfx. hu- of customary or repeated action. Cf. syn. hwenda,
huwa, labuda, yamkini.)

Hui, v. become alive,

revive, rise from the dead. Ps.
huiwa. Nt. huika. Amehuiwa na
Muungu, naye amehuika, he was
restored to life by God, so he
revived. Cs. hui-sha, -shwa,
restore to life, resuscitate, save,
keep alive. Hui is also used in
this act. sense. (Ar. Cf. hai, and
fufua, amka, ishi.)
Hvya, Huji. See Hoja, Hoji.
(But dist. huja, and huji, as parts
of the verb -ja, come. See Hu-.)
Hujambo, v. are you well ?
you are well. The commonest
form of salutation in Z. Often
jambo only. See Jambo.

HUKU

103

sthree formative elements, hu, ku,

and -o, for which see Huku, and
-o. For similar adv. with meanings
often hardly distinguishable cf.
humo, haft), kule, pale.) verbform, you are not there,Negat
Pfx. of 2 Pers. Sing., with -ko (see
Huko, with which it is sometimes
used, e. g. huko huko, you are not
there).

Huku,(i) adj. dem. this,agreeing

with D 8, e. g. kufa huku kuzuri, this
(mode of) dying is admirable, or with a
locative form in -tti, from, to, e. g.
nyumbani huku, to (from) this house. (2)
adv. usually of place, here, near, in this
place, but also of environment generally.
H. kuzuri, it is pleasant here (in our
present circumstances). //. na h., this
way and that, hither and thither. Kuku
huku, just here. (Hu- is a demonstrative
prefix, in huyu, huu, huku, humu, and
the corresponding forms ending in -o,
agreeing with D 1 (S), D 2 (S), D 8,
and locat. in -tit, the h alone being the
characteristic demonstrative clement
throughout, as / is of other
demonstratives. Sec also Ku.)

HUBU

other formal decisions, * orders,

&c. Alimhukumu attazve, he ordered
him to be put to death, he passed
sentence of death upon
him. So of other verdicts,

apigwe, afungwe, alipe, auzwe,

&c., or ku- pigwa, &c. Ps.
httkumiwa. Ap. hukum-ia, -iwa,

give judgement, &c. on (for, at,

&c.). Cs. Jiukum-iza,

-izwa. n. judgement, (1) (in

general), jurisdiction, authority,

supreme power; (2) legal
process, trial; (3) sentence,
verdict, decision, order. Mwenyi
hukumu, the supreme ruler,
sovereign. Peleka hukumuni, send
for trial, cause to be tried in a
law court, or before a chief.
Anasikia hukumu yako, he obeys
your order. Hukumuya kufa,
capital sentence. (Ar. Cf.haktmu,
hekima, also syn. amua, and for
ruling, tawala, amurtt.)

Huluku, v. create, usually of

original creation, by act of God.
Ps. hulukiwa, be created, be a creature (created being)/ Ap. huluk-ia,
-iwa. (Ar. Cf. mhuluku, and syn. B.
Huku-, at the beginning of a umba.)
verb- form may be (t) hu of
Humo, (1) adv. dem. of
customary action with ku, Pfx. of 2 reference
to an interior, in that
Pers. Sing, objective, e.g. place (referred
to), inside
hukupenda, there is a general liking yonder, in there. H.
mwetu, in
for you; (2) hu the Negat. Pfx. of 2 our house yonder. Mu mo
h., just
Pers. Sing, with ku of general in there, in that very place.
reference, c. g. hukupendi, you do verb- form, you are not (2)
in
'not like the place (circum- (there). See Huko, and Hu-,
stances); (3) hu, Negat. Pfx. as in Mo-, &c.
(2), with ku, sign of Negat. Past
Tense, c. g. hukupenda, you did not
Humu, (1) $dj. dem. this,
like.
agreeing with locative forms in
nyumbani humu, in this
Hukumu, v. give an official -tti, e. g.(2)
adv. dem. in this
(or, authoritative) pronouncement house.
inside here. Mumu h., just
(on), judge, decide, pass sentence place,
nere, in this very place. See
(on), exercise authority (over), be in
ruler. Regularly used of the Huku, and Mu-.
characteristic action ol a supreme
Huna, verb-form, you have
power, or judge, ( and hence of not, Negat. Pfx. of 2 Pers.

Sing., and na (which sec).

Hundi, n. draft, cheque,
money order, bill of exchange.
(Hind. Cf. hawala.)
Huo, a. dem. of reference,
that there, that yonder, that'
referred to, agreeing with D
2 (S), D 4 (S). Sec H Huko, and
-o.
Huru, n. (wa-), and a. (also
-huru), a freedman, a freeman,
free, not a slave, free bom,
emancipated.
Acha
(tveka,
attdika), huru, set free.

the fee which is our special

privilege, which specially belongs
to us. Maneno yasiyomhusu, statements which do not apply to him.
Nduguye aliyemhusu, his nearest relative. Neno lililohusu bwana zao, a
peculiar privilege of their masters.
Often used also in the Nt. husika in
this sense. Ni mhalifu kwa neno
lililohusika, he is rebellious as regards a special duty. Jina la mwenyi thambi limehusika kwa Mwenyezi Mngu iu, the word sinner
implies special reference to
Almighty God. Neno kill lahusika
na wain hawa tu, this word applies
only to these persons. (Ar. Cf.
hisa.)

emancipate. (Ar. Cf. uhitm, and

syn. mngwana, contr. mtutnwa. Huru
*Husudu, v. also Hasidi, envy,
in card-playing means diamonds, grudge, be jealous (of), treat spiteStr.)
fully. Numhusudu mail yake, to
grudge him his money. Ps. husuHuruma, n. (i) sympathy, con- diwa. Ap. husud-ia, -tana. Cs.
sideration,
fellow-feeling, husud-isha, -ishwa. (Ar. Cf. hasidi,
kindliness; (2) mercy, pity, and syn. B. uwivu, kijicho.)
compassion.
Mwenyi
h.,
compassionate, sympathetic, kind.
Husumu, v. strive, contend.
Kuwa na h., to be kind (merciful, (Arab. Cf. hasimu, for common
&c.). Fanya h., ona h.} ingia (or, shindana, ieta, &c.)
ingiwa) h., have kindly feeling.
(Cf. follg. and syn. re- hetna, of
*Husuni, n. fortress, fort,
which huruma is perh. a form, by a castle. (Arab, for common ngome,
common Swahili transposition of gereza, boma. Dist. huzuni.)
Arab, consonants. See Rehema.)
*Husuru, v. reduce to straits,
Hurumia, v. Ap. pity, have oppress, besiege. (Arab, for compity (compassion, sympathy) for, mon onea, and for besieging cf.
have mercy on. Ps. hummiwa. (Ar. funga, zunguka, mazingiwa.)
Cf. huruma, and syn. rehemu.)
Hutburia, v. Ap. be present
*Husu, v. (1) give a share (to), (at), be placed ready (for), attend
assign as a persons share (right, a meeting, form an audience. Enyi
due,, privilege, &c.). Esp. in Ap. watu waliohuthuria, opening words
kusia, e. g. alimhusia kadiri yake, he of a speech, address to an
assigned him his proper portion. audience, All you who are
(2) Be assigned as share, be present. Mahali pale pakihuthuria
closely (specially, exclusively) chakula, that place is prepared for
concerned with, be the privilege food. (Ar. Cf. syn. B. -wapo, e.g.
(right,
monopoly,
peculiar enyi watu mliopo hapa.)
property, quality) of, belong to, be
limited to, refer only to, concern,
*Huthurungi, n. a yellowishbe specially connected with, be brown calico, usually made in
confined to. Adayetu aliyo- tuhusu, Arabia,a favourite material for

HUKU

mens dress (kanzii) in Z. (Ar.)

103

HUBU

*Hutuba, n. reading of the

Coran, preaching in a mosque,
sermon. Funga h., lit. arrange a
reading (or, service), and so of a
betrothal or marriage service. (Ar.
Cf. follg. and hatibu.)

depressed, downcast. So -a huzutti.

Kuzva na h., to be sad, to be
sorrowful. Fatty a (otta, ingia,
shikwa na, &c.) h.f feel sorrow, be
distressed, &c. (Ar. Cf. follg. and
syn. hamu, ma- jonsi, sikitiko, tttsiba,
and for formal mourning,
tnatattga, maombolezo.)

*Hutubu, v. read the Coran

publicly, preach, give an address.
Ap. hutub-ia, -iwa, preach to
(about, in, for, &c.). (Ar. Cf.
prec.)

*Huzunia, v. Ap. grieve at (for,

about, in, &c.). Ps. huzunizva, be
grieved, be caused grief. Nt.
huzunika. Cs. huzutt-isha, -ishzva.
(Ar. Cf. prcc. and syn. sikitikia,
/ilia.)

Huu, a. dem. thisagreeing

with D 2 (S), D 4 (S). (Cf. h-,
I.
huko, and huyu.) Sometimes
redupl. huu huu, this very one, this
I represents the sound of e in
same.
be, and also that of i in in, i.e. of
Huule, a. dem. of emphasis, both vowels in begin.
that, that very, for huu ule. (Cf.
It is often difficult, csp. in unprec. and htiyule.)
accented syllables, to decide
e or i best represents the
Huwa, verb-form, it is (was, whetherheard,
esp. in words of
will be) customary, i.e. hu of sound
origin, in which they arc
customary action, and -wa, v. be. Arabic
distinguished, e. g. elimu or
Commonly used as adv. (1) not
ilitttu, ela or i/a, -etiye or ettyi, ekiraht
regularly, commonly, e.g. killa stku or ikirahi, settini or sittini, See.
huwa wanakwenda, every day as a
rule they go; (2) perhaps, it may
An / sound before a vowel is
be, possibly, sometimes. (Cf. syn. generally consonantal, heard and
labuda, huenday kzvettda.)
written as y.
Huyo, a. dem. of reference,
I best represents the vowel
that there, that yonder, that sound of n, where there is a
referred to, agreeing with D1 tendency to pronounce n as a
(S). Huyo! huyo! there he is! That is distinct syllable.
he!in a hue and cry after a thief,
or chase after animals. (Cf. huyu, Thus the pfx. of the 1 Pdrs. Sing,
and -0.)
is either n- or tti-, e. g. nittapenda
or nnapettda, nitalala or ntalala. The
Huyu, a. dem. this,agreeing tendency is decidedly commoner
with D 1 (S). (It includes the in Z. than in the Coast Swahili, e.
characteristic letter h, with the g. ingia not ttgia, ittgitte not ngim,
variable vowel u, and yu. See H inchi not tic hi, wittgi not uttgi, ittzi
and Yu.) Also in the emphatic not mi.
form huyule, for huyu yule, that
very, that. See Yule.
Hence words not found nnder I
may be looked for under E, or V,
Huzuni, n. grief, sorrow, or N.
distress, mourning, calamity,
disaster, -e- nyi huzutti, sorrowful,
The numeral nne, four, is a dis-

syllable beginning with a faint i

sound, represented by a double tt,
and not wholly lost in the
adjectival forms of the numeral. /
has been used as the initial of
imbti, mosquito, because in this
word m does not seem to keep its
usual affinity for a u sound.
The a in certain pfxs., chiefly
zva-, via-, and ka-, when followed
by an i, as a rule coalesces with it
to form an e sound, e. g. zvaivi
becomes zvevi, tnaino tnetto,
akaittgia akengia (but not in pa-,
ha-, -ta, -na, -tiga, &c.).
Final i always takes the place
of final a of a verb in the Pres.
Indie. Ncgat.
I, verb-form,
is,
are,
agreeing with D 2 (P), and D 6
(S).
I- is a Pers. Pfx., subjective and
objective, of verbs, agreeing with
D 2 (P), and I) 6 (S). This pfx. is
also often used for general
reference, and supplying an
impersonal form of the verb, e. g.
haifai, it is no good, nonsense.
frrtekuisha, all is over.
I- (or E-) before the final a of a
verb lorms the characteristic of
the so-called applied verb-stems,
and gives the simple root-meaning
of the verb a very varied range of
applications usually expressed in
Knglish by different prepositions
following.
Iba, v. steal, thieve, embezzle,
kidnap, purloin, filch, etc. (A'zviba
is used as the root-form ih some
tenses. See Iaha.) Ps. ibzoa, and
ibizva, be stolen. Nt. ibika, be
stolen, be capable of being stolen.
Ap

IBADA

.ibia, steal from, rob, e. g.

amemwibia mali yake, he has stolen
his money from him,ibiwa, be
stolen, be stolen from, lose by
theft. Thus tumcibiwa may mean
we have been kidnapped/ or, we
have been robbed/ Jbiana, steal
from each other. Cs. ib-isha,
-ishwa, e. g. cause to steal, incite
to theft. (Cf. uizi, mwizi, viwibaji,
and syn. nyanganya.)

106

IMAMU

Ijara, n. pay, hire, salary,

wages, rent. Mtu wa i., a hired
servant, not a slave. (Ar. Cf.
ujira, ajiri, and syn. mshahara, and
rent, kodi.)
*Ikirihi, n. also Ekerahi. See
Kirihi.
Ikiza, v. Cs. lay across, set in
position (from side to side),
spread over. I. nyumba borili, set up
the poles (or rafters) in a house, to
carry a concrete floor or roof.
Also i. mawe, i. dari, of same
operation. Also used of cookery,
ikiza na stikari, spread with sugar,
and kuku ya kuikiza.

Ibada, n. (i) worship, divine

service. Amcacha i., he has left off
attending the mosque. I. ya
sanamu, idolatrous worship. (2)
Practical religion, a religious life,
religious practices. Mtu wa i., a
devout man. 1 bit si akamharibia i.
Iko, verb-form, it is (they are)
yake, the devil corrupted his
religion. (Ar. Cf. abudu, maabudu, there,Pfx. agreeing with D 2
(P), D 6 (S), and locative -ko
and syn. dini, utawa, zisufii.)
(which see).
Iblisi, n. the devil, Satan.
*Ua, n. defect, blemish,
(Arab, for usual shetani.)
drawback, disgrace, stain, blot.
*Idadi, n. reckoning, counting, Miu mzuri lakini ana ila, a good man
number, computation. Billa i., but he has his faults. Also for
without number, numberless. conj. ilia, which see. (Ar. Cf. syn.
Desturi za adabu nyingi, hazina i., kipu- ngito, hitilafu, kosaf waa. Dist.
rules of etiquette are numerous, in hi/a.)
fact past counting. (Ar. Cf.
lie, a. dem. that, those,
syn.hesabu,hasibu.)
agreeing with D 2 (P), D 6 (S).
(See I and Yule. Dist. He as 3 S.
*Idi, Idili. See Ada, Adili.
Subj. from la, eat.)
Ifu-ifu, a. ash-coloured, grey.
*Iliki, n. cardamom.
See Jifu, Kijifu.
Iga, v. (1) imitate, copy, but
commonly (2) in the sense, ape,
mock,
counterfeit,
mimic,
caricature. /. maneno ya kiswahili,
try to talk Swahili. I. kwa maneno,
use mocking expressions to.
Hodari wa kuiga, a clever mimic.
Ps. igwa. Nt. igika. Ap. ig-ia, -iwa.
Cs. ig-iza, -izwa, and Intens. of
copying with effort, trying to
imitate. (Cf. mwigo, mwigaji,
thihaka, and syn. fuala,fnasa.)

*IUa, conj. also Ela, Ila,

except, unless, but. Hana ilia mke
mmoja, he has but one wife. Havai
kilemba ilia amekwenda Makha, he
does not wear a turban, unless he
has been to Mecca. (Ar. Cf.
illakini.)

*Illakini,
conj.
but,
nevertheless,
notwithstanding.
(Ar. Cf. ilia, and lakini.)

*Illi, conj. in order that, that.

Ihtaji, Ihtiari, Ihtilafu, Ihti- Used with Subj. and Infin. Moods,
e. g. amekwenda mjini HU kununua
mu. See under Hitaji, &c.

(or, anunue) chakula, he has gone to -ishwa. See prcc.

town to buy food. (Ar. Cf. kusndi.)
Imba, v. sing, sing of. Ts.
*Umu,
n.
See
Elimu, imbwa. Nt. imbika. Ap. imb-ia, iwa,
knowledge,
learning,
&c. -iana. Cs. imb-isha, -ishwa, cause,
(Ar.)
to sing, instruct in singing, lead in
singing, strike up a song. (Cf.
*Ima,
conj.
See
Ama. uimbo, uimbaji, &c.)

Imbu, n. a mosquito. (Also

written
but in this word m
Ima, v. be erect, straight, &c.
a. B. verb, rare in Z. (Cf. docs not appear to have its usual
sitnama, simika, mwima, mwimo, affinity for a u sound, though
ima-ima.)
sounded as a distinct syllable.)
Ima-ima, a. and adv., upright,
Ina, verb-form, it has, they
erect, steep, perpendicular. (Cf. have, Pfx. agreeing with D 2
prec.)
.
(P), D 6 (S), and na, which see.
Imamu, n. the minister of a
Inama, v. stoop, bend down, let
Mahommedan mosque, who down, lower, bow, slope, decline,
conducts
sink, depress. Used Ncut. and Act.
Ukuta huu umcittama, this wall has
the prayers and gives an address sunk, or, sloj>cs downwards.
on Fridays. {Ar. Cf. muathini, Inama kichwa, bow the head. Mji
mwalimtt, kathi.)
. wote umejiinama, the whole city is
depressed. Ap. inam-ia, -iwa, bow
Imani, n. (i) faith, trust, confi- to, incline towards, be directed to,
dence,
trustworthiness, depend on. Nyumba hit intentuprightness. Maskini liana *., a inamia, this whole house rests on
poor man cannot be relied upon. me. Cs. inam-ishat -ishwa. (St.
Upanga wa i., a kind of doublehandled sword. (2) Religious form of a root ina, cf. inika,
faith, belief, object of belief, itiua, and cf. syn. shusha, tua.)
creed. Irnani kwa Muungu, faith
towards God. (Ar. Cf. a/nini,
Inchi, n. (1) country, district,
amani, amatta, &c., and for creed, land, region.* I.yetu, inchi ya kwetu,
shahada.)
our country, fatherland. /. za
barra, the regions of the continent.
imara,
n.
firmness, I. za Ulaya, the countries of
compactness, hardness, strength, Europe. (Cf. ulaya, wilaya, upande.)
stability, solidity, material and
(2)
Land,
moral. Ukuta huu hauna this wall is ground,
not strong. Mtu wa i., a resolute,
brave, strong- willed man. a. dry land, i. e. i. kavu, as opp. to
firm, strong, hard, unbreakable, the sea, bahari. Piga katika i. (or
solid, courageous, brave. (Cf. chin!), throw to the ground, dash
follg. and syn. -gum it, thabiti, down. Chini ya i., ndani ya *.,
hodari.)
underground. /. sawa, level
country, a plain. (Cf. barra.) (3)
*Imarika, v. Nt., be strong, be The earth, the inhabited world.
firm, be solid, &c. Cs. imar-isha, Pembe za i., the corners of the
earth, i. e. remotest parts of the

IBADA

world. (Cf. dunia, ulimwengu.)

(Cf. chini. Never of the actual
substance or materials of the
ground, i.c. soil, earth, 'which is
udongo. Cf. art hi.
Obs. inchi
is
sometimes heard for English
inch, as futi for a * foot, by
measure.)
Inda, Inga. See Winda.
Ingereza, n.and a., also
Ingreza, Ingrezi, -ngereza, an
Englishman, England, English.
Mfalmc /., the king of England.
Barozi /., the British Consul.
Ulaya Ingereza, Uingeza, Ingreza,
England. Wa- ngereza, the
English. ATingereza, the English
language. Unaweza kusenta
kiingcreza ? Can you speak
English ?
ingi, a. sometimes -ngi
(nyittgi with D 4 (P), D 6 (P),
chingi with D 3 (S), jingi with D
5 (S), we ngi with D 1 (P), pengi
with D 7)), many, much, large
(in
quantity),
plentiful,
abundant. Of persons, -ingi is
used with wa, i.c. bountiful in
respect of, giving (having,
enjoying) in abundance. Ahyingi
wa
baraka,
giving many
blessings. (Cf. wingi, and syn.
tele, marithawa.)

Ingia, v. sometimes Ngia, (i)

go in (to), come in (to), enter,
get in, fall in; (2) share in, take
part in, engage in; (3) penetrate,
pass into (a condition, state,
&c.); (4) be imported. E. g. i.
nyumbani (or nyumba, or katika
nyumba), go into

106

IMAMU

a house. I. chomboni, go on board

a vessel, embark (also panda chomboni). /. safarini, join an expedition, or, start on a journey. I.
baridi, become cold. I. kutu, get
rusty. Esp. common of the
feelings, e. g. i. hofu, be affected
by fear, feel fear, be alarmed,
and so with kiburi, fu- raha, kasira,
hazuni, uchungu, &c. The passive
construction is common in same
sense, ingiwa na, or ingizua. Ps.
ingiwa. Nt. ingika. Ap. ing-ilia,
-iliw'a, -ilika, -iliza, -ilizzva, -iana,
-ilizana, esp. of entry with a
purpose, e. g. go in for, pry into,
&c. Alimwingilia mwanamke, he
went in to see the woman,
hence live with, cohabit with.
Ingiliza kazinif introduce to work,
instal in office. Waingiliani maneno
hay a ? What are you prying into
these matters for? Cs. ing-iza,
-izwa, -isha, -ishzva,the latter
forms being usu. intensive, i. e.
ingiza, of causing, allowing,
procuring entry, ingisha, of
special effort' or force in entry.
Vitu viingizwavyo, imports. Hence
ingizana. Rp. ingiana. (Cf. enda
ndani, -ja ndani, penya.)
-ingine, a. (but with some
pfxs. commonly -ngine. Thus with
D i (S), D 2 (S), D 4 (S) mwingine
or mngine, with D i (P) wangine,
with D 4 (P), D 6 nyingine or ngine
or zingine, with D 5 (S) jingine or
lingine, with D 5 (P) mangine, with
D 7 pangine, with D 8 kwingine),
other, another, different, some, a
second. Wanginewangine, some
some, someothers, -ingineingine,
of
different
kinds,
assorted, miscellaneous, of all
sorts. Vingine, as adv. variously,
in another way. Vingine-vingine, in
different ways (degrees, classes,
sorts), in all sorts of ways.
Vinginevyo, in some other way, in
any other way, and so with
relative affixed to other forms, e.
g. mtu mwingineOy some other
person, any one else.
Ini, n.
Sometimes

{ma-),

the

liver.

fig. of inmost seat of feelings,

like moyo, e. g. maneno yale
yalimkata mainiy those words
cut him to the heart.
Inika, v. (1) give a
downward direction to, lay
over on one side, give a cant
(tilt, downward bend or turn)
to, let hang down, turn down
at the edge, &c.; (2) fig.
humble, bring low, depress. I.
chombo, careen a vessel (for
repairs). Usiuinike mzigo, do
not let your load hang d
own. /. kichwayjiinikay h ang
down the head (in grief or
shame). Also jiinika, make a
bow, bow oneself gracefully.
I. mti, bend down a tree (to get
at the fruit). Nani awezaye
kumwinika mfalme? Who can
humiliate a king ? Ps. inikwa.
Ap. inik-ia, -iwa. Cs. inik-isha,
-ish- wa, -iza, e.g. mwalimu
ameinikiza zvatu kwa kusali, the
minister
taught
the
congregation to bow down at
prayers. (Cf. inama, inuay and
syn. laza, laza upande.)
Inshallah, adv. Used as
the commonest and most
trivial form of assent, oh yes,
certainly, of course. (Ar. = if
God wills, God willing. See
Allah.. Cf. syn. verna, naam,
ndio.)
Inua, v. (1) set up, raise up,
build up, pile up, lift up, raise,
hoist; (2) fig. inspirit, cheer,
restore, cure, set up. /. mzigo,
raise a load (cf. twika). /. mtoto,
lift up a child. I. macho, raise
the eyes. /. mgonjwa, restore an
invalid. Ps. inuliwa. Nt. inuka,
e.g. inchiyote imeinuka, the
whole country is elevated, is a
table-land. Ap. inu-lia, -lizva.
Cs. inu-liza, -lizwa, e.g. inuliza
mzigo, help a man up with his
load. (Cf. inama, inika, and
syn.pandisha, kweza.)

IBADA

Inzi, n. (ma-), a fly,in

general, the common house-fly.
Ipi, a. intern which ? what ?
agreeing with D 2 (P), D 6
(S). See -pi. Also generally,
kama ipi? of what sort ? how ?
(Cf. -pi, wapi.)
Ipua, v. same as Epua, which

106

IMAMU

.see. But this form seems in some

degree specialized, as meaning
take off the fire (a cooking pot,
&c.). Cf. tweka and twika.
Irabu, n. a vowel sign in
writing Arabic. (Arab.)
Iriba, n. usury,
lending. See Riba. (Ar.)

money-

Iriwa, n. also Chiriwa, Jiriwa,

a (screw) vice.
Isa, n. a proper name, not uncommon in Z. Also the only name
for Jesus Christ known to
Mahom- medans,often with the
addition bin Maryamu.
Ishu v. end, come to an end,
bring to an end, make an end of,
finish, close, complete. (The
infinitive form kwisha is frequently
used after some tense pfxs. of the
indie, mood, esp. na, ta, nur, and
after the relative in a verb-form, e.
g. ame- kivis ha, alipokwisha, On the
other hand, the initial i of the root
often coalesces with preceding a
in other pfxs. and forms the usual
e sound, e. g. wakesha for wakaisha,
they finished, and with a
preceding i is often hardly heard,
as in pumzi limenisha, my breath
has come to an end, and akisha,
upon his finishing. It is preserved,
however, after ii, e. g. ahisha, not
alisha. For similar use of the infin.
form cf. iia, iva, iba, oga, uza.)
Maneno yame- kwisha, the debate
has come to an end. Akala aktsha
akaenda sake, he ate and when he
had done he went away. Akapigana
tiao akawaisha, he fought with
them and killed them all. Kwisha
kazi, to finish a job. Isha is
constantly used as a semiauxiliary
of time, expressing completion
more emphatically than the tense
pfx. me. Thus used it is commonly.
followed by the root-form of the
principal verb, without the Infinitive pfx. ku. Amekwisha fanya, he

has already done it, he has comleted it. Alipokwisha kuja, when e
had actually arrived, -a kwisha,
last, extreme, worst. Ps. ishwa. Nt.
ishika, Kimeishwa na fetha , ray
money has come to an end. Haiishiki, it cannot be completed. Ap.
ish-ia, -iwa. Mke wangu ameni- ishia
ma/i, my wife has used up my
money. Nimeishiwa wali, my dish
of rice has come to an end. Ngoje
nikuishic maneno, wait till I finish
my message to you. Also a further
Ap. form is h-Hi a, -iliwa, -iliza,
-ilizwa, marking completion for
some special purpose or of a
particular
kind.
YVakaishiliza
mwezi, they waited for the month
to come to an end. So of mwaka,
kazi, maneno, when there is a
particular object in view. (Cf.
ingilia, toshelea,pigilia, See.) Cs.
ishiza, ishisha (seldom heard). (Cf.
mwisho, and syn. maliza, timiza,
kamilisha, komesha. Dist. is hi, in
some forihs identical, e. g. haishi.)
Isha, n. See Esha.
Ishara, n. sign, token, signal,
mark, omen, indication, warning,
hint, crucial case, remarkable fact,
a wonder. Tumeona i. mwaka huu,
we have seen a wonderful thing
this year. Tia *., put a mark on.
Toa /., make a signal. (Ar. Cf.
ashiria, and syn. dalili, alamo.)
Ishi, v. last, endure, continue,
live, remain. A ishi milele, may he
live for ever. Mti huu hauishi sana,
this wood does not last long. (Ar.
Cf. aushi, maisha.)
Isi vyo,verb-form, used asa
general Negat. Conj., as ;in a way
that) is not,corresponding to
adverbial use of forms in vi, vyo
(hivi, vile, vivyo, &c.).
Islamu, n. (l) (wa- and ma-), a
Mahommcdan;
(3)
the
Mahommc* dan religion, Islam.
Kiislamu, (of the) Mahommcdan

IRABU

109

(kind). (Cfi Mwaslimu, Mwislamu,

Msilimu, also salamu, salimu, Ac.)
Also -islamu, a. Mahommcdan.
Istiska, n. dropsy. (Ar. Cf.
syn. safura.)

ISTISKA

ruhusti,
ruksa,
sahihisha.)

kubali,

rithia,

Ita, v. call, call to, summon,

invite, name. (For use of' kwita
Iva, v. also Wiva, (i) become
&c. in some forms see notes on ripe, get ripe, mature, become
Isha.) Amekwenda kumwita, he has cooked (done, fit to eat), come to
gone to call him. Ps. itwa. Unakwit- a head;
wa, you are summoned, somebody
wants you. Atnekwenda kwitwa,
some one has gone to call him.
Nt. itika, be called, obey a
summons, answer^to a call,
respond, acknowledge a salute,
reply. Alikwitwa akaitika, he was
called, and replied. Nyote mwaitika
Vuga,
you all accept the
supremacy of Vuga. Itika rathi,
give a favourable reply, assent.
Hence itik-ia, -iwa, answer for,
reply to, correspond to, and in
music accompany, follow the lead
of, chime in, and fig. correspond
to, harmonize with, suit, agree
with. Itikiza, cause to reply, teach
harmony to, also Intens., assent
to, give a reply. Itikizana, reply to
each other, all shout together in
response, acclaim, correspond,
harmonize,
sing (play)
in
harmony. Ap. it-ia, -iwa, call to,
summon for (by, in, &c.). Akataaye kuitwa, hukataa aitiwalo, he
who rejects a call, rejects what he
is called for. Cs. it-isha, -ishwa
(seldom used). Rp. it ana. (Cf.
mwito, and syn. alika. Also taja,
name, mention by name.)
*Ita, v. cast in a mould (Str.). (?

Wit a. Cf. Ar. subu, and kiwita.)

Italassi, n. satin. (Arab.)

Ithini, v. sanction, allow, authorize, assent to. Ps. ithiniwa. Nt.
ithinika. Ap. ithin-ia, -iwa. Cs. ithinisha, -ishwa. n. sanction,
permission, authorization, leave.
Akataka i. ya hupanda juu, he asked
for leave to go upstairs. 7'oa i.,
sanction, authorize. (Ar. Cf. syn.

IRABU

prepared. Etnbe zinaiva, the mangoes are ripening. Nyama imeiva,

the meat is cooked. Ap. ivia. Cs.
iv-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. *bivu, -pevu,
and tayari.)
-ivu, a. also -wivu, jealous,
envious.* (Cf. uwivu, and hasidi.
N. -ivu sometimes for -bivu, ripe,
and dist. ifu-ifu.')
Iwapo, verb-form, when
(where) it is, when (where) they
are,Pfx. i- agreeing with D 6
(S) and D 2 (P), -wa, from the
verb kuwa, and relative -po, of
place, time, or condition
generally. Used as a conj. when,
if, in case, supposing, even if,
although. Iwapo una akili, ukae, if
you have sense, wait. See -wa,
v., and po.
Izara,
n.
slander,
disparagement, backbiting. (Ar.
Cf. aziri, for common masingizio,
&c.)
J.
J represents (1) in words of
Arabic origin the same sound as
j in jar. As in different Arabic
dialects, J and G are sometimes
interchanged (cf. ginsi,jinsi). (2)
In words of Bantu origin, a very
similar sound in Zanzibar,
which elsewhere may be better
represented by dy (cf. ch for ty,
and t at Mombasa), and is used
for d, y, and z, in some words
common
in
neighbouring
dialects, and so partially current
in Zanzibar.
The sound of J is often
practically
indistinguishable
from that of Ch.
Hence words not found
under J may be looked for under
Ch, or G.
J-, for ji-, in nouns and

109

ISTISKA

adjectives,
before
roots
beginning with a vowel. See Ji-.
Ja, v. (1) come; (2) of events,
happen, turn out, result. As in
other monosyllabic verb-roots the
Infini- . tive form kuja is used as
the root form in some tenses (see
Ku-), and yu is commonly
prefixed to 3 Pers. Sing, of Pres.
Indie., i. e. yuaja for aja. The
Imperative in this verb only is
irregular, viz. njoo, njooni

Ill
JA

asijekuwa (cf. nge-,

nga-). Also ja is

traceable without a
for a Pers. Sing, and Plur. Alikuja negative preceding, e.g. ujaonapi t
nyumbani, he came to the house. where have you yet seen ?
Kaja kwako na bartta bit, I approach
you with this letter. Umekuja kushtakiwa, some one has come to
accuse you. Atakuja kuuawa, he will
come to be killed, he will some
day be killed. Ap .jia, jiwa, jika, jia
na, come to (for, about, at, in,
&c.). Mam no tuliyojia kwako tti
kayo, that is the errand on which
we came to you. Siku uliyojia, the
day on which you came. Mgeni
amtnijia ho, a visitor has come to
me to-day. The passive is used by
itself of receiving visits, e. g.
nimejiwa, I have had a visitor, I
have a friend with me. Jika, be
approachable, be accessible. Mji
huts hatijiki, this town is not to be
entered. Rd. jiajia, and ? jajia, of
repeated or troublesome arrivals.
Wananijiajia tu, they keep on
bothering me with visits. Also Rf.
jijia, e.g. nikawa kujijia \angu haita
chini, and I just fell anyhow

(helplessly) to the bottom. See Ji-.

Hence a further Ap. jilia, jiliwa, ji
liana, jiliza, come to (at, -for, &c.)
with a special purpose, in a
special way. Cs. not in use. Ja
(like isha, and toa) is occasionally
used as a semi-auxiliary followed
by a verb in its root-form, e.g.
amekuja Iwaa, he has come to
taking, he actually takes (or, has
taken). Atakuja ua watu, he will
come to killing people, he will
positively commit murder. And it
regularly furnishes the formative
clement ja in three forms of the
Swahili verb- system, viz. (dr) in
the Deferred Tense, with a
Negative Prefix preceding, e.g.
hajaja, he has not yet come, and
(/J) in its Subjunctive form, e.g.
asijelala, without his yet lying
down. Obs. also ja forje
sometimes in the latter case, e.g.
asijalala for asijelala, asijawa for

IRABU

109

ISTISKA

thrown. Mkttu ni jaa, ? a great man

Also there is a semi-auxiliary use is a dust heap. (Ar.)
of -sija, -sije, e.g. wasije kuthurika,
lest they come to be hurt. A sije Jaa, n. the north, i.e. point of the
kuja mtu mwingine akatuthuru, lest compass (Arab.).. (The north
another man chance to come and
hurt us. (r) In the tense of
Possible Condition (Str.),i. e.
with the relative -po, of time,
place, or condition, e. g.
ttijapolala, siwezi kugenka, even if I
lie down, I cannot turn over. Wajapo kuja, even if they come.
JVajapo hawaji, though they do not
come. And n. ijapo, and even japo,
used as conjunctions simple, even
if, supposing that, although. (Cf.
njia, ujia, majilio, of arriving, jika,
wasili, and contr. enda, go. Ja
appears to be one of the few roots
occurring very widely in Bantu
from Uganda to Zululand, and also
JAA

in Arabic.)

Jaa, v. (i) become full (of); (2)

fill up a given space, be plentiful,
abound, swarm. Used of any
vessel or space, and of its
contents. Mtungi umejaa rnaji, the
pitcher is full of water. Maji
yamejaa mtungini, the water fills the
pitcher. Ittchi imejaa miti, the
country abounds in trees. Nzige
walijaa kotekote, locusts swarmed
everywhere. Maji ya kujaa {ya
kupioa), high (low) tide. Ps.jawa,
be filled, be full, like Act. but esp.
of what are not the natural,
suitable, usual contents. Jawa na
hofu (wa- zitnu, kiburt), be filled
with fear (frenzy, conceit). Ap .jalia, -liwa, be full up to, jalia tiatta
juu (not usual; dist. jalia from jail).
Ja- liza, -lizwa, -lizia, -liziwa, fill up,
cause to fill (or, be filled), make
quite full. Cs. jaza, jazwa, make
fqll, fill (the ordinary process,
jaliza indicating a step further, a
more complete (or additional)
filling). (Cf. ujalifu, ujazi.)
Jaa, n. rubbish heap, dunghill,
place where dust and refuse are

-ward direction is in Z. kaskazini, box of metal. (Ar. ? Turkish. Cf.

kibla.)
kijaluba.')
*Jabali, n. (ma-), (i) a rock,
hill, cliff, mountain; (2) rock (as a
substance), stone; (3) raised line
of needlework across the back in
a native dress, kanzu. (Ar. Cf.
nvwamba, mlima,jiwe.')

Jamaa, n. a number of
persons gathered or connected
together,
family,
society,
company, assembly, gathering,
meeting. Mtu wa j., member of a
family, kinsman. Enyij. waliohuthuria hapa (on addressing an
*Jabari, n. Supreme Ruler, audience), my friends here
Ma- hommedan title of God. present.
(Arab.)
Also of a single person, one of a
Jadiliana, v. Rp. argue family, friend. Huyu ni j., this
together, reason with each other. person is a' connexion (friend) of
(Ar. Cf. syn. hujiana, bishana, mine. v. See Jamii. (Ar. Cf.
semezana.)
jamii, juma, and syn. nduguf
mkutanoi)

*Jaha, n. honour, glory,

prosperity. Mtu alioshushiwa j., a
*Jamala, n. courtesy, good
man who was granted good manners,
elegance,
grace,
fortune. Kilango cha jthe Gate of gracious
(kind,
obliging)
Paradise. (Ar.)
behaviour. J. yako haiku- potei, you
will not lose by your kindness.
Jahazi, n. ship, vessel,of (Ar. Cf. syn. adabu, maany description. (Ar. Cf. chombo, daha,fatkili.')
merikebu.')

*Jamanda, n. (;ma-'), a round

Jahili, a. reckless, foolish, basket of plaited grass, usually
rash, precipitate, unthinking. with a cover. Used as a blinker for
(Arab. Cf. mjinga.)
camels, hence macho yangu
yametiwa maje- manda, kama
Jalada, n. and Jelada, (1) ngamia, my eyes have got blinkers
cover of a book, binding; (2) like a camel. (Cf. kijamanda,
whip. (Arab, leather. Cf. ?njeledi, kidoto, and for baskets generally
jelidi.)

kikapo.)

*Jali, v. give honour to, heed,

Jamani, a. also Jaman, Jerman,
respect, reverence. (Ar. Cf. syn. German. See Dachi, which is
heshimu, sikia, hofui)
more usual.
*Jalia, v. Ap. grant (to), give
Jamba, v. break wind with
power (opportunity) to, enable, be noise. n. (ma-), breaking wind.
gracious (to), esp. of Gods favour (Cf. shut a, shuzi.)
and help. Muungu akinijalia, if God
helps me, God willing. Ps. jaliwa.
*Jambia, n. also Jamvia, a
Ntakwenda nikijaliwa, I will go, if I curved broad-bladed dagger, worn
can (if I am allowed, if all is well, in the belt by Arabs, often highly
God willing). Lijali- walo kuwa, ornamented. J. lameta kumoja, the
halina uzuio, what is allowed to dagger is bright on one side. J\
happen, there is no preventing. kiunoni na bakora mkononi, dagger
(Ar. Cf. sayidia, bariki, w&zesha. at waist and stick in hand.
Dist .jalia from jaa, v.)
Jambo, n. (mambo), (1) matter,
Jaluba, n. small ornamental affair, circumstance, business,

JABALI

thing (never of a concrete kind,

which is kitu); (2) matter of
importance, difficulty, trouble; (3)
for sijambo, hujamboy see below. J.
hili gumu sana, this matter is a very
difficult one. Amenitenda killa j. la
wema, he has treated me with
every
possible
kindness.
Mamboyaserkaliy political (public,
official) affairs. Ulimwengu una
mambo, the world is full of
troubles. Jambo (sometimes yambo) is the commonest form of
greeting for all classes in Z. *
How do you do ? and also the
commonest form of reply, I am
quite well.* Jambo thus used
represents in the greeting hu jambo
(or strictly huna jambo, though this
is never heard), and hu- jambo is
the more correct and respectful
form, spoken interrogatively, i. e.
You have nothing the matter with
you? Nothing the matter? You are
well? Similarly in the reply, jambo
is for the more correct stjambo, i.
e. sina jambo, I have nothing the
matter, I am quite well. Jambo
with the Negat. Pfx. of the* Pres.
Tense is used as a verb, with the
special sense of being well or
improving in health or general
condition, both of persons and
things, e. g. stjambo, I am well, I
am better, matters are improving
with me. Inchi yote sasa haijambo,
the whole country is now in a
good state. Haijambo, it (the
weather) is fine. Cf. the
corresponding use of the Negat.
Pres, of weza, i. e. siwezi, huwezi,
&c., I am ill. Sometimes jambo is
thus used with other tense
pfxs.,c.g. umcmtoa tty oka,
huktijambo lolote, you got the snake
out, but you were hone the better
for it. Ha- jambo, like hawezi, is
sometimes used adjectivally, e.g.
nikapata hajambo, I got well.
Tukawa sole hajambo, and we were
all getting on well. ^Cf. amba,
orig. speak, ji-ambo, jambo, a
subject of speech, thing talked of,
affair. Cf. neno, word, matter,
thing. Contr. kitu, a concrete thing,

112

substance.) JAMBO
*Jamclani, n. white brocade.
(Hind. Sec Nguo.)
*Jamii, v. (i) collect together,
commonly Cs. jami-isha,
-ishwa, in same sense; (a)
copulate. n. and Jamia, a
collection of objects, group,
company, number, mass, body,
total, sum. j. ya watoto, a lot of
children. J. ya rnali, the whole of a
sum of money. J. ya makathi, bench
of judges. J. ya watu, the mass of
men, most people, the public. J. ya
mantno, the words taken together,
the whole sentence, context. Also
as adv., In a mass, collectively, as
a whole, all together. I Votejamii,
all the lot, the whole lot. (Ar. Cf.
jamaa, junta, and syn. kusanya.)
but

Jamvi, n. (ma-), a piece of

floormatting, of the common
coarse kind, made of plaited strips
of leaf, used in houses, mosques,
shops, &c. J. la kutandika chitti
nyumbani, matting to spread on the
floor in houses. (Cf. mkeka, msala'.)
Jamvia, n. See Jambia.
Jana, n. and adv., yesterday,
day before the present, period
preceding the present. Siku ya jana,
yesterday. Mwaka wa jana, last
year. (Cf. jusi, leo, &c.)
Jana, n. (ma-), (i) a fine, large
child, e. g. jana dtimc, a very fine
boy. (Cf. mwatta.) (a) A youth, lad
(cf. the common kijana in same
sense), (j) Grub, larva, young (of
an insect). Majana ya nyiiki, bees in
the grub stage (cf. butt). Hamna
asili, twajitafunia majana, there is
no honey (in the comb), we are
just munching grubs. (From same
root as mwana, which see.)
Janaba,
n.
pollution,
defilement,
esp.
ceremonial,
according to Ma- hommedan rule.
(Ar. Cf. una- jisi, ujusi, ucha/u.)

Jangwa, n. (ma-), desert,

wilderness, waste, barren ground,
bare (desolate) country. (For jiangwa cf. wangwa, ana syn. nyika,
poli, pululu.)

nyumbani kwaj., it is too hot to

sleep indoors. Fanya (ioka) j.,
perspire, sweat. (Cf. hari, moto,
mvuke.)

*Jasi, n. (1) a kind of soft

friable stone (chalk, gypsum,
pumice) rubbed on the fingers
when plaiting mats. (Ar. Cf.
chaki.) (2) {ma-), ornament worn in
the lower lobe of the ear, often a
round silver plate. (Cf. kipuli,
Japo, conj. also Ijapo, even if, kipini, and for ornaments, urembo.)
although. For japo as a tense sign,
and auxiliary', sec -ja. (Cf. syn.
*Jasiri, v. be bold, dare,
iwapo, kwamba.)
venture, risk, make a brave
(foolhardy, venturesome) effort.
Jarari, n. or Jerari, halliard, Amejasiri njia peke yoke, he risked
a rope running through a pulley travelling alone. Ps .jasiriwa. Nt.
(iabeaari)
on deck, and another jasirika. Ap. jasiria, venture on,
(gofia) attached to the thicker make a try at. Cs. jasir-isha, -ishwa,
roj>c (henza), by which the and Intens. a. brave,
mainyard and sail of a native venturesome, foolhardy. (Ar. Cf.
vessel arc hoisted. Sec Tanga, and ujasiri, and syn. thubutu, -gamu,
Samba.
shujaa,jahili.)
Jani, n. (ma-), leaf, blade of
grass. Majatii, leaves, grass,
herbage of any kind, green
vegetables. Rattgi ya majatii, green,
as a colour. Dim. kijani.

Jaribu, v. (i) experience, make

trial of, attempt, try, test, .prove,
only incidentally with any idea
of trying, in the sense of * do
ones best, make an earnest
endeavour (for which see jitahidi,
kaza, fanya, bi- dii, shika); (2) in
moral sense, test, tempt. Akajaribu
kuuiikisa mti, he tried shaking the
tree. J. safari, attempt a journey. J.
tipanga, make trial of a sword. Ps.
jaribiwa. Nt.jaribika, be liable
(open) to test (or, temptation). Ap.
jarib-ia, -iwa, -iana, make an
attempt on, have a try at (for,
with, in, &c.) Cs. jarib-isha. n.
{ma-), (1) trial, proof, test,
attempt; (2) that which tries (tests,
proves the nature or mettle), a
trial, trouble, difficulty. (Ar. Cf.
syn. onja, angalia, ta- zamia.)

Jawa, v. Ps. of Jaa, v., which

see.
*Jawabu, n. {ma-), (1) answer,
reply, cf. jibu; (2) affair, matter,
concern, cf. jambo. J. liwe lote, be
the matter what it may. Amefanya
j. kirn, he has done a great thing.
J. la kesho huandaa leo, the business

of to-morrow one gets ready for

to-day.

Jaza, v. and Jazi, reward,

make a present to, grant favour to,
give maintenance (to), supply
(to), requite, punish. Muunga
amemjaza mengi, God has been
bountiful to him. Ap. jaz-ia, -iwa,
-izilia, -iziliwa. (Ar. Cf. tnza, lipa,
-pa ihawabu, &c.) n. {ma-) and

Jarifa, n. (ma-), drag-net, seine, jazi,jazo, gift, reward.

of European make. (Cf. juya,
kimia, wavu.)

bakshishi, zawadi.)

(Ar. Cf.

*Jaza, n. Cs. of Jaa, which see.

Jasho,
n.
(1)
sweat,
*Jazi, a. sufficient, plentiful,
perspiration
;
(2)
high
temperature, sultriness, heat, common. Kitn hiki ?ii j. tnjini, this
causing perspiration. Haku- laliki article is common in the town.

JABALI

the vessels are

nume*. rous. (Ar. Cf. syn. -ingi,
tele, mari- thawa, &c.)

n. also Juza,
Vyombo vi j.,

which see, and Jazo.

Je, interr. particle, How? Well?
What now? Answer me! Tell me!
Je, bwana, hujambo ? Well, sir, how
are you 1' Je ? ni halali ? Tell me, is
it lawful ? Often affixed to verbs.
Amejibnje ? How did he answer ?
What is his reply? Kumekuwaje
httko ? How did matters go there ?
Whathappened?
Nifanyeje?
Howam I to act ? What shall I
do ? (Cf. nini, ginsi gani.)
*Jebu, n. {ma-), an ornament
worn by women hanging under
the chin, often from the veil. (Cf.
urembo.)

Jego, n. See Chego.

*Jelidi,
v.bind,a
book,
esp.with leather. Ps. jelidiwa. (Ar.
Cf. jalada, mjeledi.)
Jema, a. form of -ema, good
(which see), agreeing with D 5
(S).
Jemadari, n. {ma-), commanding officer (of soldiers), general.
(? Hind. Cf. amiri, afsa.)
Jembe, n. {ma-), hoe, of native
make, the common instrument of
cultivation,a flat pear-shaped
piece of

112
JAMBO

hammered iron with a spike

passing through, and
fixing it to, a short stout wooden
handle (kipint). y. la kisungu, a
spade. Piga j., hoe, use a hoe (or,
strike with a hoe). Dim. kijembe.
(Cf. went be.)
(msuka)

*Jeraha, n. (, and ///<*-), a

wound, a sore, ulcer. Dim.
kijeraha. Tia j.% wound. Pat a be
wounded. (Ar. Cf.follg.)
Jeruhi, v. be wounded. (Ar.
Cf. jeraha, majeruhi.)

*Jeshi, n. (rna-), a great

*Jeneza, n. a bier, i. e. kitanda
cha kuchukttlia rntu aliyckttfa, a bed- company, assemblage, host, troop,
stead for carrying a dead person army. J. la asikari, an army,
(to the grave). Jt has handles and usually a larger body than kikost,
a frame to support a covering. Or or kundi. Tanya (changa, kusanya) j.,
an ordinary kitanda is used, turned muster (levy, enrol) an army.
upside down. (Ar. Cf. machela,
Jesila, n. See Jizla.
tusi.)
Jenga,v. construct, builda
house in the native way, of poles,
sticks, mud, grass, &c., not of
masonry (see Aka, Uashi), but
also extended to building in
general. J. nyumbaya miti na udongo,
build a house of poles and clay.
Also /. merikebu, build a ship (but
this is more usually undo). Ps.
jengwa. Nt. jettg- eka. Ap. jeng-ea,
-ewa, build for (with, in addition
to, at, &c.). Nyumba hit imejengewa,
this house has been added to,
enlarged. Cs. jeng-esha, -eshwa,
cause to build, have built. (Cf.
jengo, mjetigo, jettzi, rnjenzi, njenzi,
also aka, unda.)
Jengo. n. (nta-), a building, a
building operation, material for
building, a house, shed, enclosure.
Tea

Jetea, v. rely on, trust to, be

confident in, be puffed up by.
Jetea ulimwengu, rest the hopes on
this world, of a worldly person
(tnli- mwengu). Rf. jijetea, be selfconfident, be self-reliant, be
arrogant. Mwattamke huyu anajetea
ujana wake, this woman relies on
her youthfulness, as her stock-intrade. (Cf. tegemea, egemea,
tumaini, jivuna.)

Jethamu, n. a kind of leprosy,

or elephantiasis. (Arab.)
Jeuri, n. violence, outrage,
brutality,
assault,
injustice,
oppression. Mwertyi j., a tyrant,
oppressor, ruffian. Tanya (piga, too)
j., act in a violent (brutal,
outrageous) way. a. and -jeuri,
violent, tyrannical, &c. (Ar. Cf.
ujettri, and syn. uthalimu, thulumu,
shari, ukoroji, and opp. ttpole, haki,

j., design, draw, make a plan of a

building. J. la m&wc na chokaa, a adili.)

structure of stones and mortar.

Majengo, building materials. (Cf.
jenga.)

Jengua, v. Rv. of Jenga, take a

building to pieces, demolish, pull
down. (Cf. jenga, and the more
usual syn. bornea, vunja.)
Jenzi, n. (wu), building, mode
of building. Ndio rnajenzi yao IVadoe, that is the way the Doc tribe
builds. (Cf. jenga, tnjenzi.)

Ji (before vowels often j-) a

prefix used as i. formative only,
(<z) initial, before roots of (i)
nouns of D 5, when they would be
otherwise monosyllabic in the
Singular, c. g. jiwe (plur. mawc, not
majiwe), jieho (plur. macho, not
majicho), jino (plur. rneno, for maino, indicating an * in the
root),jiko (plur. tneko, for tnaiko).
(2) Declinable adjectives, when
the root is monosyllabic or begins
with a vowel, to mark agreement

JENEZA

115
JI
endea, take a walk (for pleasure),
run amuck (like a madman). Jijia,

with D 5 (S), c. >jipya,jingi,

jike,jekundu,jororo,jema, &c. (b)
Medial, between ki- diminutive
and the root of nouns, in both
sing,
and
plur.,csp.
when
confusion might otherwise arise
with a different word, e. g. kijitu,
dim. of mtu (not kitu, a thing), kijiti,
dim. of mti (not kiti, a seat), kijiko
(not kike, a pipe), kijiwe (not kiwe),
kijilnva(no\. kibwa). It also occurs in
dim. of tteno, kiji- neno for kineno.
(3) Terminal, attached to nouns
directly formed from a verb, and
commonly conveying the notion
of habitual, customary, general
action or condition, e. g. from iga,
imitate, mwiga, one who imitates,
and mwigaji, a regular imitator,
caricaturist, from omba, beg,
mwomba, one who begs, prefers a
request, mw- ombaji, a professional
beggar. (Cf. ulaji, gluttony, as a
quality, habit, and obs. such
words as kinywaji, that which is
drunk, a beverage, in contr. with
kinywa, mouth, where ji is mainly
distinctive). 2. Amplifica- tive, i.
e. denoting relative largeness,
before any suitable monosyllabic
noun, and some dissyllables, e. g.

come on ones own concerns

(independently),
jog
along.
Nikawa ku- jijia zangu chini, so I
simply fell helplessly to the
bottom.
Jikohoza,
give
a
significant cough. Jigonjw- eza,
feign sickness, sham. Jiona, be
conceited, Jikalia, lead a life of
ease and idleness. Jupitia, go
about ones own devices. Kizee
ajipitie impendezavyo, the old lady
can go about her business as she
likes. Ji- being a prefix of such
common
use
and
wide
application, words not found
under ji- may be looked for under
the letter following//-. (Obs.
sometimes a simple objective
person pfx. is used for the
reflexive ji-, e. g. nikanywa mvinyo
nikanilevya, and I drank wine, and
made myself drunk. Umekuepuka
na rehemaya Muungn, you have
shut yourself out from Gods
mercy.)
Jia, v. Ap. of Ja, which see.
*Jibini, n. cheese. (Arab.)

jitujjibwa, jisu, jiguu, jutnba {ji*Jibu, v. answer, reply,

umba, cf. nyumba), jombo (ji-ombo,
cf. chombo), jivuli, jinywa. (Contr. respond, retort. Ps. jibiwa, be
ki, as corresponding diminutive answered, receive in answer, &C.

prefix.) 3. Reflexive, in verbs

(often strengthened by a nafsi
following) and verbal nouns (e.
g.jisi/u,-maji- sifu, jivuna, majivuno,
&c.), and either (a) simple, jiua,
commit suicide, jijicha, hide
oneself, jihathari, guard oneself,
jiweka vema, behave oneself, or (b)
with a range of meanings both
wide and delicately shaded,
mostly centring on such ideas as
independence,
wilfulness,
selfishness, interested action,
personal aims and objects, or
again, carelessness, indifference,
random or chance action, &c., and
capable of conveying alike a gross
insult, or a subtle inuendo. A few
examples are \jienda, of easy,
automatic, perpetual motion. Ji-

Nt. jibika, be answerable, admit of

an answer, &c. (also jibikana. in
same senses). Ap. jib-ia, -iwa,
-iana, e. g.jibiana kwa war aka,
correspond (by letter). Cs. jib-iza,
-izwa, -isha, -ishwa, -izana.
Akamjibisha
majibu,
and he
compelled him to reply, or, and he
caused an answer to be given to
him (the other person). Jibizana, e.
g. of a class conducted by method
of question and answer. n.
(ma-), answer, reply, retort,
response. Commonly in plur. Ida
majibu, bring an answer. Pa {tod) j.,
give an answer. (Ar. Cf. jawabu,
majibu, rarely jibile,jibio. Dist.jipu,
and. wajibu.)
Jibwa, n. {ma-), a very large
dog. (Cf. tnbwa, kijibwa.)

Jicho, n. {macho), (1) eye. form, jikoni, the kitchen. Mtoto wo

Fumba /., close the eye. Fumbua
jikeni, undcr-cook, scullery boy.
Mkaa jikoni, a stay-at-home. The
j., open the eye. Finya j., half close plur. mcko is used most commonly
the eye. Kazaj., look fixedly, rivet in Z. for the (three) stones which
the eye. Tupaj., cast a glance. support a cooking-pot over the
Ngariza /., glare, stare. Pepesa fire, i. c. mawe yazuiayo chungtt cha
{jicho), wink. Macho \% often used kupika ka/ika moto. (Cf. figa, and
of wakefulness, or being awake, note, jifya, and //-.)'
and fig. of vigilance, as n., a., and
adv. Ana macho, or yu macho, he is
Jilio, n. (wa-), coming,
awake. Kaa macho, remain awake, approach, advent, usu. in plural.
keep watch at night (cf. kesha
(Cf. jio, jilta, Ap. form of ja.)
IValikuiva macho, they were awake.

(2) Spring, place where water

bubbles from the ground. Jicho fa
maji, a spring of water. (Cf. chemchemi.) (3) Bnd of a flower, when
just opening. (Cf. ttonba,chipukizi.)
Macho ya mtama (?), husks of
millet. (Perh. cf. -cha, v. dawn,
and, for conditions of the eye,

Jimbi, n. (ma-\ (1) a male fowl,

a cock. J. lerwika, the cock crows.
(Cf. syn. jogoo, pora.) (2) A plant,
of which both leaves and roots arc
eaten (Colocasia edulis, Sac.).
(Cf. mayugwa.)

Jim bo, n. (win-), inhabited

country, district, province. (Cf.
upogo, upofit, chongo, makengeza, zuilaya, which is used of the
administrative
divisions
of
chamba cha jicho.)
Zanzibar Island.)
Jifu,n. (wa-),usu. in plur. ashes,
Jina, n. (tna-), name, i. e.
of burnt material. (Perh. cf.
jifya.) jifujifn, sometimes used as proper name. J. lako nanil What is
grey, ash-coloured, ashy. (Cf. ifu- your name? J. la kupangiua,
nickname (borrowed name). Tia (i/u.')
pa) j., give a name (to). Taj a mtu j.,
Jifya, n. (,mafya), cooking mention a person by name. .
stone,one of the three used to
Jinamisi, n. (), (1) bending
support a cooking-pot over the
fire. Not usu. in Z. town. (Cf. jifut (oneself) down, bowing down,
e.g. mahali pa jinamisi, a place
and seejtga,jiho.)
where you must bend down. (2)
Jigamba, v. Rf. oi gamba (which fig. humility, self-humiliation. (3)
is not used), vaunt oneself, boast, Nightmare. J, limenilemea, I am opbrag, show off.
Ap. jigatnbia. pressed by a nightmare. (Cf.
inama, and ji-.)
Other forms rare. (Cf. syn.jisifu,
Jingi, n. (///<?-), one of the two
upright posts of a native frame for
jiona,jivutta.)
rope-making, supporting a cross
Jijiri, n. or chichiri. See Kijiri.
board {ban la jingi). Also a form of
Jika, v. go to stool,in Z. cnda ~ingi, agreeing with D 5 (S).
chootii. See Choo.
*Jini, n. (ma-), a spirit, genius
Jike, n. (wa-), femaleanimal. a supernatural (created) being,
Punda j., an ass. Bata j., a duck. powerful and capricious, but not
(Cf. -he, kijike, and contr. ndurnc.) always like shclani, malignant.
(Ar. See Pepo.)
Jiko, n. (,mcko), fire-place,
hearth, kitchen. Often in the locat.
Jino, n. (mono), (1) tooth; (2)

JENEZA

115

various objects resembling a

tooth, as projecting, gripping,
catching, e. g. cog (f a wheel),
ward (of a lock), strand (of a
rope),
plug
(of
tobacco),
battlement (on a wall), &c. Kamba
ya me no matatu, a rope of three
strands. J. sima la tumbako, si
kipande, a whole plug of tobacco,
not a cutting. Otaf, cut a tooth,
of a child. Ng'oaj., extract a tooth,
have a tooth out. Nauma j., I have a
tooth-achc, also j. laniyma. J. la
mbele, Incisor, front tooth. J. la
nyuma, back tooth, molar. Toa
mcno, show the teeth. Tafuna kuui
mono, gnaw, nibble, chew with the
teeth, -a mcno-meno, battlcmcnted,
jagged, serrated. (Cf. chonge,
chcgo, pernbe, kibogvyo.)

Jinsi, n. sort, kind, quality,

class,also commonly ginsi,
which sec. (Ar.)
Jinywa, n.

(wa-), a large mouth,

JI

esp. as an insulting term, e. g. sing ones own praises, advertise

zibet jinywa lako, stop that great oneself. n. usu. in plur. majisifu,

mouth of yours, shut up. (Cf. self-praise, boasting. See Ji.

common kinywa, kanwa, and nya.)
Jisingizia, v. Rf. of Singizia
Jio,
n.
{ma-),
coming, (which see).
approach. Seldom used. Jio la
.Jisu, n. (ma-), a large knife.
ustku, approach of night, evening.
(Cf.follg.andw/Y0, jilio, njia, (Cf. kisu, kijisu.)
also jia, Ap. form of/<z.)
Jitahidi, v. make an effort,
Jiona, Jipevua, Jipotoa. See exert oneself, try hard, strain at.
Cs.
Ona, Pevua, Potoa, and Ji-.
Jioni, loc. form of jio used as
n. or adv., evening, in the evening.
Jioni hivi (or, hii, or, leo), this evening. (Cf. jio, and syn. kuchwa,
mshuko wa jua, magaribi, and contr.

jitahidisha, in intens. sense, make a

great effort. n. effort,

endeavour,
exertion.
Jitahidi
haiondoi arnri ya Mutingu, human
effort is powerless against Gods
will. (Ar. -ji not reflexive, cf.
assnbuhi.)
juhudi from same root, and
Jipu, n. {via-), boil, abscess. J. syn.fanya bidii, kaza, shika.)
laiva, the boil is coming to a head.
Jiti, n. {ma-), a large tree, a
J. limetumbuka, the boil has burst.
J. litatoka us aha, the boil will dis- trunk of a tree, a large piece of
wood.
Unapoikamata ngoma, kamata
charge. (Cf. upele, kidonda.)
jiti lake, when you get hold of a
Jipunguza, Jipurukusha. See drum, see you get hold of its
Punguza, Purukusha, and Ji-.
wooden part. (Cf. mti, kijiti, and
dist. kiti.)
Jipya, n. new,agreeing with
D 5 (S). See -pya.
*Jitimai, n. grief, sorrow,
affliction.
*Jirani,
n.
(w-),
(1)
neighbour, one living near; (2)
Jito,n. {ma-), also Juto, as from
anything near, adjacent, adjoining, a root uto,large river, lake. Lake
on the boundary. Nyurnba yangu ni Nyassa is sometimes spoken of as
j. ya nyumba yake, my house is next jito. (Cf. into, kijito, and ziwa, lake.)
to his. Sharnba j., adjacent estate.
Jitu, n. {ma-), a very big man.
(Ar. Cf. ujirani, mpaka mmoja,
Anakuwa j. zinia, he is becoming a
pakia.)
perfect giant. (Cf. mtu, kijitu, and
*Jiri, v. come to pass, take syn. pande, or pandikizi, la mtu, and
place, take effect. Haikujiri neno, it dist. kitu, a thing.)
has no effect.Cs. jirisha. Mfalme
Jivi, n. {ma-), (1) a great
akaijirisha sheria, the king gave (notorious, famous) thief. (Cf.
effect to the laws, enforced the mwivi, iba). (2) A wild hog (Str.).
law. ( Ar. for common tukia,
Jivu, n. (1) {ma-), ash, also Jifu,
tokea,ja, wa.)
which see ; (2) wooden socket in
Jiriwa, n. {ma-), also Iriwa, a which the handle of a native drill
screw vice.
turns. (Cf. keke.)
Jisifu, v. Rf. of sifu (which
Jivuli, n. {ma-), great shadow,
see), boast, brag, vaunt oneself, shadow of large object. Jivuli la

JIO

118

JIWE

mvumo, shadow of borassus palm.

Joka. n. (ma-), a very large
(Cf. mvuli, kivuli, &c.)
snake, in general,a serpent. (Cf.
nyoka, n. and v. Dist. choka.)
Jiwa, v. Ps. ap. of -ja, be approached, be visited, have guests.
Joko, n. (ma-), oven, kiln, esp.

See -ja.

of potters work, a place for

baking earthen vessels, i.e.
Jiwe, n.{mawe, or to indicate mahalipa kuokea vyungu. ( From ji,
large size majiwe), a stone, a large which see, and oka. Ci.josho, and
stone, a piece of stone, stone (as choko.)
material). Nyumba ya mawe, a stone
house. J. la thamani, a precious
Jombo, n. (ma-), ampl. of
stone. Mawe is used as a chornbo, i. e. ji-ombo, a large
contemptuous expletive, Rubbish! utensil, a large vessel or ship. (Cf.
nonsense! humbug! I dont chombo, ki- jombo.)
believe you ! J. la kusagia, a millJongea, v. move (pass) on,
stone. J. la manga (see Manga), a
hard close-grained stone, used as make a move, move, approach.
a whetstone {kinoo). Piga, or pigia, Jongea uvulini, move into shade.
mawe, throw stones at, stone. Jongec huku, nipishc mi mi, move
and
let
me
pass.
Mtupo wajiwe, a stones throw. The aside
Ap.jong-clca,
stone of Zanzibar is coral
limestone of different ages. (Cf. -clciva,
tttbwe, karwe, kibwe,kikcrwe, kijiwc,

and for different sizes of stone, -.elesa, dczT.ua, -cl tana, move to,
mwamba,jabali, kokoio, changarawi, ap roach, go up to,&c.
Akanijongctca alia nilipo, and he
tnchanga.)
came close up to where I was.
Cs.jortg-eza, *ezwa,
*Ji2la, n. also Jesila, Gesla, a
measure of weight, viz. io frasila
or 60 pishi, about 350-60 lb. (Ar.) czana. (Cf. enda, pita, sogta. Dist.
Jogoo, n. (w/a-), a male fowl,
a cock. Jogoo lawika, the cock
crows. J. la kwanza, first cockcrow,
about 2 a.m. J. la pill, second
cockcrow, just before dawn, 4
p.m. Majogoo ndio saa la shamba,
the cock is the clock in the
country. (Cf. jimbi, pora, kuku.)

chongca.)

Jongo, n. (ma-), (1) a large,

high back, a ridge, high
projection; (2) a seam,in
sewing. J. itene, a large, projecting
seam. (For ji-ongo cf. maongo, or
matingo,
and gongo,
mgongo
(elsewhere mongo), back, dorsal
ridge, kijongo, kibiongo.)

*Johari, n. a jewel, a gem, a

Jongoo, n. (wa-), a very large
precious
stone,
e.
g. black
millipede, common in Z.
zumaridi,yakuti, almaii, Jeruzi, lulu. and destructive to crops. Mtupa
Also fig. j. za mtu ni mbili, a kill na jongoo hutupa na mti wake, he who
hay a, the most precious qualities throws away a millipede, throws
are these two, intelligence and away the stick it is on as well.
modesty. (Ar. Cf. kito.)
Jororo, a. soft, form of
*Joho, n. (, and ma-), (1)
agreeing with D 5 (S). (See
woollen cloth; (a) a long loose -ororo,
-ororo,
and ji.)
cloth coat or cloak, open in front,
and often richly embroidered,
Josho, n. (ma-), for ji-osho, or
worn by Arabs and well- to-do same as chosho, i.e. ki-osho, a
people. (Ar. Cf. kanzu, and nguo.) bathing- place, a place for

washing. (Cf. oga, osha, and see the Zanzibar language. Najua
Chosho.)
kufrta chuma, 1 know smiths
work. Namnia aliko, I know where
Joto, n. (tna-), for ji oto, or same he is. Ps. juliwa. Nt.julika, be
as choto, i.e. ki-oto, great heat, in- known,
be
knowable,
be
flammation, pyrexia. Fata joto (or intelligible, and juli- kana, in the
joto joto), get hot. (Cf. ota, moto.)
latter sense. Ap.ju- ilia, -iliwa,
know about, &c. Ali- mjuilia kama
Joy a, n. a white spongy amekasirika, he recognized that he
substance sometimes found filling was angry. Cs. (rarely juza), juthe shell of a cocoanut, instead of lisha, -lishwa, -li- skana, cause to
being deposited as the usual lining know, make known, inform. Also
of nutty hard substance on the juvya,juvisha (sometimes meaning
inside,also the nut thus filled. make impertinent, provoke to or
Joya la nazi, either the substance or teach impertinence. Cf. -juvi). Rp.
the nut. Hutazamwa nazi, kama ju-ana,
-ania,
-anisha.
imejanya joya ndani, a cocoanut is Nimcwajuanisha, I have introduced
examined to sec if it is spongy them to each other. (Cf. -juzi, -juvi,
inside. Kama j., spongy, porous, ujuzi, &c., and syn. faharnu,
full of holes. Nyumbayangu ni j., tambua.)
atakayc huingia, my house is like a
spongy cocoanut, any one who
Juba, n. (, or ma-), (1) a
likes goes into it. (Cf. nasi.)
kind of coat, vest, or jacket, open
in front, with coflar and wide
*Jozi, n. (1) a walnut; (2) a pair, sleeves of cloth or (unlike the
brace, couple,of anything. (Ar. joho) of calico and linen.
(Arab. Ch joho, kanzu,
* nut in general. Cf. lost. The
consonants arc transposed of the nguoi) (2) A mortising chisel. (Cf.
Ar. word for pair.)
patasi, chembeu.)
Jua, n. (w<z-), (1) the sun, sunJuhudi, n. effort, exertion,
shine, fine weather; (2) time of strain, ardour, zeal, painful stress,
day (as judged by the position of agony. Ana j.ya kazi, he is a zealous
the sun). J. kali (jingi), hot sun, hot worker. Fanya jtake great pains. J.
weather. J. kichwani (yichwani), si paio, trying is not the same as
time of $ur. overhead, noonday. J. succeeding. (Ar. Cf. jitahidi, and
kucha
(kupanda,
kutoka, cf. syn. bidii, kazi, nguvit.)
kuchomosa), sunrise. /. kuchwa (tua,
shuka), sunset. J.
*Jukum, n. traders risk,
payment
for
taking
risk,
linaaga miti, the sun is taking insurance. Lipa j., insure (goods,
farewell of the trees, i.e. is setting. in trading). Chukita
Macho ya /., sunrise, the Orient,
the East. Machweo ya j., sunset, the j., take the risk, guarantee. (Hind.,
West. J. limekuwa alasiri (athuuri, used, in commerce, cf. syn. bitna.)
tna- garibi, &c.), the time of day is
afternoon (noon, evening, &c.).
*Jukwaa, n. (rna-), also
Katika
Jukwari, scaffolding, staging,
stage, scaffold. (Hind.)

j. saa tnoja, at 7 a.m.

*Juma,
n.
(1)
also
Jumaa,
Jua, v. know, know about,
understand, be acquainted with. Friday, and more fully Ijumaa, i.e.'
Najua jambo hili {tutu kuyu), I know the day of assembly, e. g. Kwenyi
this affair (this person). Sijui (iwapo) Ijutnaa, on Friday; (a)
matieno ya kiunguja, I do not know (ma-), a week. J. moja} one week.

JIO

J. zima, a whole week. The days

following are named from it, i.e.

Jumaa (for Jitma ya) mosi,
Saturday, Jumaa pili, Sunday,
Jutnaa tatu, Monday, Jumaa 'nne,
Tuesday, Jumaa tano, Wednesday.
But Alha- misi, Thursday. See
Alhamisi. (Ar. Cf. jamaa, jamii,
jumla, and see Siku. Juma seems
also sometimes used for njitmu.)
* J umaa, n. See J uma. Moskiti
wa jutnaa, the mosque of the con-

gregation. (Arab.)

Jumba, n. (ma-), a large house,

mansion, palace. > (For ji-umba'
Cf. nyumba, chumba, kijumba, &c.)
Jumbe, n. (ma-'), king, chief,
head man,also called locally
diwani, shomvi, pasi. (VQih..ji-umb&,
from itmba, cf. kiumbe, and syn.
sultatii, mfalme, mwinyi, mkttu, and
dist. mjumbe.')
Jumla, n. (1) the sum, total, a
lot, all together; (2) in Arithm.
addition. Also adv. wholesale, in
lots. (Ar. Cf.juma,jamaa, and syn.
jamii, shelabela.)
Jumlisha, v. Cs. add up, sum
up, put all together. Ps. jumlishwa.
(Ar. Cl. jumla, and syn. jamiisha, tia
pamoja.)

Jungu, n. (ma-), a large

cooking pot, usually round, of red
or black earthenware, and with a
cover. (For ji-ungu, and cf. kijungu,
kichungu, ungu with pi. nyungu, and
for other vessels, see Chungu,
Chombo.)
Jura, n. (ma-), also Jora, Gora,
a length of calico, calico in the
piece (of 30 to 35 yards). (? Ar.)
Juta, v. regret, feel the loss of,
miss, be sorry for, feel remorse
for, referring to something past.
Najut

118

JIWE

JIO

118

JIWE

mi mi nafsi yangu kufanya netto hili, I

am sorry myself for doing this

thing. Juta rnaovu, feel remorse
for wrongdoing. Ps. jutwa. Nt.
a
jutika, whence jutikana. Kp.jutyako, make plans for your
journey. Alisema mengi j. yakc,
ia, -iwa. Cs. jut-isha, -ishwa. he talked a great deal about
Rp.jutana, join in regretting. (Cf. him. (5) Against, in opposition
to, to the prejudice (harm,
juto, also toba, tubu.)
Juto, n. (ma-), (i) regret, loss) of. Huna nguvu j. yangu,
remorse, sorrow for what is past. you have no power against
Fattya ( ona, ingiwa na, &c.) majuto, (over) me. IVakaleta vita j. ya
feel remorse. Shikwa (J>atwa) tta adui, they made war upon
majuto, have a fit of remorse. (against) their enemies. (6) In
excited,
perplexed,
IVakajuta Sana majuto makuu, they an
very bitterly regretted it. Alajuto fluttered, alarmed state or
(of mind and
ni tnjttkuu, mwishoxve huja kinyume, condition
remorse is a grandchild, it comes feeling). Moyo wake ni j.,yutta
at last. (2) A form of jito, a large moyo j., he is excited, has taken
river.
(Cf. juta, toba, and offence, is angry, has lost his
head, &c. The Rd. form juujuu
is also often used, with
mto.)
different shades of meaning,
e.g. (1) high up, very high,
Juu, adv. and (with ya) prep., exalted. Taznma kijuujuu, take a
(1) of position,above, high up, birdseye, synoptic, general
over, on, upon, up (to) above, view; (2) proud, arrogant,
from above, upstairs, on the top supercilious ;
(3)
(of).
/. ya
super
ttyumba, on the top of the house. ficial, foolish, shallow, excited,
Aliyoko juu, mttgojee chini, wait be- perplexed, &c. IVakaulizwa ya
low for the man who is above. juujuu, they were asked the usual
Panda j., go upstairs. Shuka j. ya formal (civil) questions. Mambo
frasi, dismount from a horse. ya juujuu, indifferent matters,
Angenda j., hajikilii mbinguni, gossip, topic of the hour.
though he soars high, he does not Tukasemesana juujuu, we had a
get to the sky. Also of rank, chat together. (Contr. chini.)
dignity, See. Aliye j. ni j., i.e. a great
man is out of reach. Juu, iliyo juu,
Juvisha, Juvya, v. Cs. See
paltjo juu, juu yoke, is used of the Jua, v.
top^ of a thing Hapa ndipo juu,
here is the top, the highest point.
Juya, n. (;), a seine,
(2) Resting on, dependent on, drag-net, made of native
obligatory on, morally binding materials. (Cf.jarifa, wavu,
on, the business of, the doty of, kitnia.)
&c. J. yako, yot\ are responsible, it
Juza, v. Cs. See Jua, v.
depends upon you. J, ya mfaltnc
kutawala, it is the kings business
Juzi, n. (ma-), the day before
to rule. (3) Over and above, in
addition to, beside. J. ya mambo yesterday. J. tta jana si karna ya
haya, besides all this. (Snipe, mpia leo, yesterday, and the day
j.ya mshahara wade, give him a before, arc not like matters of
rupee in addition to his wages. to-day. Mwaka j., or wa j., the
(4) About, concerning, as to, in year before last. Also used
respect of, with regard to. Mtoto indefinitely, juzi, or juzi juzi, a
hufattya adabu j, ya mwalimu wake, a few days ago, lately. J. hizt, the
pupil treats his teacher with all other day. Tangu tnajttzi yale,
some time ago. Altu wa j., a
respect. Fanya shaft ri j.ya safari

JUTO

new-comer, a young person.

Kushiiuia j., three days ago.
*Juzu, v. be permissible, be
allowable, be suitable, be fitting
for, be right for, be dutv of.
Aguo hit haimjuzu, these clothes
do not suit T him, are not proper
for him. A eno hili lajuztt nami,
this matter is right

121

JUZU

for me, is my duty. Ap. juz-ia,

-izva, be right for, be allowed to,
be obligatory for. Mwanamke huyu
anijuzia kumwoa, it is right for me
to marry this woman. So nimejuziwa kumwoa. Also n. and a., of
what is allowable, within ones
duty, and so (often) morally
binding,
obligatory.
(Ar.
C{.pasa,wajibti.)
*Juzu, n. (ma-), division,
section, chapter of a book, esp. of
the Coran. Anasoma j. ya thelathini,
he is reading the thirtieth chapter.
(Ar. Cf. kitabiiy chuo.)
K.
K represents the same sound
as in English. The two different k
sounds in words of Arabic origin
are not commonly distinguished
in Swahili. For the sound of
Arabic kh see remarks on Khbelow.
K is often pronounced ch in
Zanzibar, esp. among the slave
class and new-comers from
mainland tribes.

is one of the commonest

sounds in Swahili speech,
entering as it does into the
formatives ka, ki, ko, and ku
(which see), and the preps, kwa,
K

katika.

Words not found under K may

be looked for under Khy //, or Ch.
For words beginning with ki- see
remarks on Ki-, below.
K-, before a vowel, sometimes
represents ka or ki, which see.
Ka, i. is a verbal connective
prefix, except in the cases noted
below. In general, it connects two
or more verbs together in such a
way as either (a) to carry on the
construction (mood and tense) of
the first verb to those following

with ka-, or (b) to supply in those

verbs the construction appropriate
to the context. But most
commonly it is used (i) to connect
a verb in the Past (Narrative)
Tense Indicative with others
following, or else (2) to connect a
verb in the Imperative Mood with
another in the Subjunctive, or
Imperative. Thus the
typical form of a narrative in
Swahili begins with a verb in
the Past (/*'-) Tense, and
proceeds with verbs having ka
for A", e.g. paliondokea sermala
akaenda kuoa mke, there was
once a carpenter and he went
and married a wife. Palikuwa
mtu akawa tajiri, there was once
a man and he became rich.
Hence ka~ may be said
commonly to carry the force of
and before a Past (Narrative)
Tense. Similarly, the common
form of Imperative sentence
with more than one verb is njoo
kaone, or njoo ukaone, or njoo
kaona, come and see. Nenda
kalete (ukalete, kaleta), go and
fetch (it).
Beside these uses, ka is
regularly employed (1) with a
single Imperative as a semiconnective, i. e. with reference
to something implied or.
understood, e. g. leta, bring it;
kaleta {kalete'), bring it then. So
kaseme ati ! speak then ! Also
nikawete ? Am I to call them
then? (2) Prefixed to a verbroot, without Pers. Pfx. with
the force of the 3 Pers. Sing.
Perf. Indie., e. g. kafay he is
dead. Kenda zake, he has gone
away. Alikwenda mjini kapanda
punda, he went to town on a
donkey, i. e. amepanda punda.
(3) Affixed to the sign of the
Future ta, when ta would
otherwise be required to bear
the accent, as in relative forms,
e.
g.
atakapokwenda
for
atapokwenda, when he shall go.

JUTO

In (2) and (3) ka has no

connective force.

121

JUZU

country (in the town). Kaa kitako,

sit on the haunches, squat, sit
down. Nimckaa, I am seated,
There remain a number of
often a polite rejoinder (whether
c^ses in which ka is less
seated or not) to the invitation
commonly used, e. g. with a
karibu, walk in. Nguo hii ime kaa
Present Tense, nikali, and I am;
satta, this dress has lasted a long
with or following the hu tense,
time, has worn well. Inchi hii
hujikia pale akala. he used to go
inakaa watu, this country is inthere and eat ; hutoka assubuhi
habited, i.e. imekalhva na vatu. Ps.
hukarudiy he used to go out in
kaliwa (rarely kawd). Nt. kalika,
the morning and come back ;
and kalikatta, be habitable, &c.
with a Future Tense, ntaenda
Ap. ka-lia, -/isha, -lishxva, e. g.nikapata baraka, I will go and
liana, wait for (with, in, by, &c.).
win a blessing; with a
Akamkalia nabii Musa ttjiani, and he
subordinate verb, nime- kwenda
waited for the prophet Moses in
kwake nikamtazame, I have
the road. Kumkalia mtu matanga, to
join in the mourning for a person.
been to his house to see him; Imemkalia tamu, it nas remained
introducing
a
supplement agreeable to him. Akakalia ttyele
especially
to
negative sake, and he waited with (for) his
expressions, e.g. asije akafa, that
he may not first come and die, for hair, i.e. he let it go untrimmed.
asije kttfa or asijafa, before he die ; IVakakaliana karibu, and they
usinipige ukajuta, do not strike me settled near each other. Cs. kaand then regret it (i.c. or you will lisha (? kaza), -iishwa. (Cf. ukao,
regret it); tusiende tukarudi, do not
let us go and then have to come kikao, makazi, mkaa, &c., and syn.
back again; kwenda akaja leo, per- keti, shinda, ngoja, is hi, dumu.)
haps he comes to-day.
Kaa, n. (///<z-)#(i) a piece of
Ka coalesces commonly with e charcoal, also extended to mean
or o following, e. g. akenda, akoga, a lump of coal.' Makaa, charcoal,
and with i following forms e, as coal, embers. Mineral coal is
akesha, for akaisha. Nika is often sometimes distinguished as makaa
ya mawe, stone coal. Makaa ya
contracted into ha.
moto, live embers. Makaa zimwe
2. is a Diminutive Prefix of (ya zimwe, mazimwe), slaked
nouns and adjectives, more embers, cinders, dead (burnt out)
emphatic than ki, e. g. katoto, a coal. Makaa moshi (yamoshi),soot.
tiny child ; kajiwe, a very small (Cf. masizi.) Chorna oka, pika)
stone; kagongo kafupi, a very short makaa, make charcoal. (2) (), a
little club ; paka kadogo, a very crab, the most generic term,
small kitten. Kadogo is used, like including many varieties, e.g. kaa
kidogo, as adv., in a very small makoko (ja pwatti), chago, ngadit,
degree, infinitesimally, to a very mwanamizi. (Dist. follg.)
small amount.
Kaaka, n. also Kaa, the palate,
Kaa, v. (i) stay, stop, rest, also kaa la kinwa.
remain, wait; (2) sit, sit down,
Kaanga, v. fry, braze, cook
take a seat; (3) dwell, live (in),
inhabit, reside (at); (4) continue, with fat, i.e. oka, kwa samli (or,
kwa mafuta). K. ttyama, cook meat
last, endure.
with fat. K. moto, heat, warm.
Unakaawapi ? ttakaashamba (mjini), Mayai ya kukaanga, poached (fried)
Where do you live? I live in the eggs. K. ngoma, warm a drum at a

fire to tighten the skin. Hence

ngoma ya kukaanga, fig. for delay,
i.e. a pause in a dance. (Cf.
kaango, kikaattgo, ukaango, and for
cooking, pika.)

seize by tnc throat, throttle,

choke. Wakamkaba roho hatta
akazimia, they throttled him till he
fainted. (?Ar. Cf. syn. ban a,
songa, kaza, saki, shika, kamata.)

Kaango, n. (, and ma-), a

*Kaba, n. or Kaaba, (1) lining
cooking pot,of earthenware, of the kattzu on neck and
properly for cooking with fat, a shoulders. See Kanzu. Also (2) a
frying-pan. (Cf. kaaptga.)
kind of vest with sleeves. (Ar.
Cf.juba.)

Kaba, v. press lipht, squeeze.

Aguo inamkaba mwi/t, his clothes Kabari, n. (, and ma-), a wedge
arc too tight for him. Kaba roho,

KABILA

124

(of wood or iron), e. g. to split hoard, economize.

Ulitakabathi
logs with.
tha- mani,KADIMISHA
you received the price.
Una- kabithi watoto mali yao, hand
Kabila, n. (ma-), tribe, clan, ov$r this property to the children.
a smaller division than taifa, and Nika- wakabithi fetha wale watnmwa,
larger than ufungu,jamaa. ^Kabili, I gave the money to the slaves.
v. (i) be in front, be opposite, face Cs. kabithiwa. Ap. kabith-ia, -iana.
(towards), front, point to, Cs. kabith-isha, -ishwa, cause to recorrespond to, be directed ceive, hand over (to), deliver (to).
towards, be exposed to; (2) (Ar. Cf. follg. and syn. (1) pokea,
incline towards, tend to, be kamata, shika\ (2) salimu, toa, poinclined to, be likely to, have a keza, lipa.)
propensity for; (3) confront,
brave,
defy,
oppose,
be
-kabithi,
a.
economical,
contradictory to. Nikamkabili uso grasping, close-fisted, miserly.
kwa uso, I met him face to face. (Ar. Cf. kabithi, ukabithi.)
Mahali palipoka- bili baridi, a place
Kabla, conj. and (with^/a)
exposed to the wind. Hakabili
before,almost
kuuza, he is not inclined (likely) to prep.,
sell. Ulimwengu unakabili mvua, the exclusively of time, previously,
weather portends rain. Hatuwezi antecedently, in advance of.
kukabili ba- hari He, we cannot Followed by a verb in the negasteer for (navigate, face) that sea. tive, usu. the ja tense and often
Wakakabili risasi zetu, they boldly with bado, or else a relative. K.
faced our bullets. Ps .kabiliwa. Nt. hajaja bado, before he arrived. K.
kabilika. Ap. kabil-ia, -iana, be haiku- tiwa nanga, before casting
opposite, face each other, have a anchor. K. atakapohuja (ajapo),
mutual attraction, correspond.Cs. before he shall come (comes). K.
ya kujay before arrival. K. ya sikn
kabil-isha, -ishwa.
chache, before long, or, a lew days
Ntakukabilisha na wali, I will con- before. (Ar. See Kabili, and follg.
front you with (present you to) Cf. mbele.)
the governor. Kabilisha mtn, send a
Kabla, n. purpose, object,
man in a given direction.
Kabilisha barua, dispatch a letter, tendency, direction. Tukaona kabla
forward a letter to its destination. yao, we saw what they were going
Kabilisha moyo, set the heart on, to do. (Arab, seldom used. Cf.
resolve. (Ar. Cf. kubali, kabla, kabili, kibula, kibla.)
kibula, and syn. tekea, simamia, -wa
Kabuli, n. (1) acceptance,
inbele pa, kutana na, shindana na,
sanction. (Ar. Cf. the more
lingana na, &c.)
common kibali,ukubali), (2) An
Kabisa, adv. utterly, altogether, Indian dish of rice, curry, &c.
quite, wholly, exactly. Njema (Hind. Cf. pilau.)
kabisa, as good as can be. Sitaki
Kaburi, n. grave, tomb,
kabisa, I absolutely refuse. (Cf.
sepulchre, place of burial.
syn. kamwe, haswa, halisi.)
Makaburi, or maka- burini, a
N^Kabithi, v. also Takabathi, (1) cemetery. Chungulia ka- burini,
take in the hand, receive, hold, lay have one foot in the grave. (Ar.
hands on, seize, keep. Also (2) Cf. siara, kuzimu.)
Cs. (for kabithisha), cause to hold
Kadamu, n. (ma-), also Mkain the hand, put in the hand (of),
deliver (to), hand over (to), give damu, foreman,used of the
(to). Amemkabithi inwenyi deni, he third in authority of the men
has seized the debtor. Kabithi mali, superintending work on an estate,

the head man being msimamizi, the

second nokoa. (Ar. Cf. takadamu,
and follg.)
Kadimisha, v. Cs. cause to go
before, send in advance. '(Ar. Cf.
kadamu, and tangulia.)

Chittja k., kill (an animal) as an

KABILA
Kadiri, v. also Badri, (i) estimate, reckon, calculate, fix the
value of, put a limit on ; (2) form
an opinion on, consider, weigh,
judge. K. tnali, make a valuation of
property. Na- kadiri maneno haya tii
kweli, I judge that this statement is
true. Ps. kadiriwa. Nt. kadirika, e. g.
be limited, be measurable, be
moderate (in amount, behaviour,
&c.), be finite. Kitfa tii farathi ya
iliyokadiriwa, death is a necessary
condition of what is finite.
Anatakabari mtw, haka- dirtki, he
shows great arrogance, he has no
moderation.
Marutto
yasiyokadirika,
unmeasured
(or,
unintelligible) language. Ap.
kadir-ia,

-iwa. Cs. kadir-isha, -ishwa, e. g.

put limit to, restrain, cause a

valuation^ ti mate) to be made,
&c. n.y (T) amount,
measure,extent, capacity, value,
rank; (2) moderation, selfcontrol,
temperance. K. ya watu kutni
wamekuja, as many as ten people
have come. K. gani ? What
amount ? How much ? Kaa mahali
pa k. yako, remain in a place suited
to your condition. as adv. oq.
and (with ya) prep, in various
senses, (1) about, nearly, up to;
(2) as much as, as long as, as
often as, whilst, when, as; (3)
moderately, on an average, in a
certain degree, e. g. k. utakapofanyiwa niaovu uniite, whenever
you are badly treated,call me. A',
akitia, kukaza, as soon as he places
it, he fastens it. A', ya kttkaa kitako,
just when he was sitting down.
Common
also
with
-vyo
following, e. g. k. awe- zavyo, as
far ns he can, to the best of his
ability. (Ar. Cf. ukadiri, and yn.
ginsi, kiasi.)

offering. (Ar. cover, atone. Cf.

kafiri, kufuruy and syn. sadaka,

124
KADIMISHA
Kafi, n. (/<?-), paddle, small

thabihu.)

steering oar. Piga k., use a paddle,

paddle. (Cf. kasia.)
rareiy

n. a caravan. (Arab,
heard, for common

msafara, safari.)

*Kaflni, v. cover up, wrap.

Mtu aliyekufa hukafiniwa kwa sanda,

a dead man is wrapped in a

Shroud. (Ar. kafatii, a pall; rarely
heard, for common funua, vika.)
Kafiri, n. (,ma-), one who is
not of the Mahommedan
religion,
an
infidel,
an
unbeliever, an atheist, a pagan,
an apostate. (Ar. Cf. kiifuru,
ukafiri.)

Kafuri, n. camphor. (Arab.)

Kaga, v. protect by a charm,
put a charm on (in, near, &c.), e.
g. kaga shamba (mtoi/i, kaburi),
protect by charm a plantation
(person, grave). Cf. follg.
Kago, n. {tnakago and mago), a
charm (for protection or
preservation). K. la Jisi, charm
against a hyaena. (Cf. kaga, and
syn. kafara, daw a, hiriii, talasimu.)
Kagua, v. inspect, survey,
examine. K. shamba, inspect a
plantation. A', asikari, inspect,
hold a parade of, troops. la.
kaguliwa. Nt. kagtilika. Ap. kagu-lia,
-liwa, (Cf. mkaguzi, and syn.
angalia, tazamia.)

Kahaba, n. (ma-), prostitute.

(Ar. Cf. ukahaba.)
Kahawa, n. coffee, i. e. the
beverage,the berry being bunt,
or buni ya kahawa, and the plant
mbuni. (Ar. Cf. mkahawani.)

Kadogo, a. invar, dim. of

Kahini,
n.
{ma-),
also
-dogo, and more emphatic than Kuh&ni, priest, soothsayer, and
kidogo, exceedingly small, minute, sometimes in bad sense, deceiver,
infinitesimal, tiny. Also adv., in a swindler. (Ar. Cf. mkohani, and
very smatl degree. (Cf. -dogo, ki- kasisi.)

and &z-.)
*Kafara, n. (wa-), an offering,
a sacrifice, a charm,to avert
evil. Toa k., make an offering,
sacrifice.

KABILA
kawaida, which see. (Ar. Cf. syn.
kanuni.)

*Kaidi, v. be obstinate, be
headstrong, rebel, refuse to obey,
contradict. Usimkaidi baba akisema
neno, do not contradict (disobey)
your father, if he says anything.
Cs. kaid-isha, -ishwa, e. g. incite to
disobedience. (Ar. Cf follg. and
syn. halifu, asi.)

sense.

124
KADIMISHA

Kakawana, v. be strong,
athletic, well knit, muscular. (Cf.
syn. shupaa, -wa na maungo.)
Kaki, n. a thin hard-baked
biscuit or oake. (Cf. mkalei)
*Kalafati, v. caulk (the seams
of a wooden vessel),the tool
used being chembeu. Described as
tin pamba na mafuta yasingie maji,

apply cotton and grease to prevent

-kaidi, a. obstinate, refractory, water getting in. Ps. kalafatiwa.
disobedient, rebellious, &c. (Ar. n. caulking, material used for
Cf, prec.)
caulking. (Ar.)
v
*Kaimu,
n.
(ma-),
Kalala, n. also Karara,
superintendent,
guardian, Ukalala, the tough leathery sheath
vicegerent, viceroy. Ha- kitnu of the cocoa- nut flower stem.
aiakuwa k. wa shughuli He, the chief
will undertake that business.
Kalamka, v. be quick witted,
(Arab. Cf. waziri, wakili.)
be wide awake, be sharp
(intelligent, on the alert), have
Kajekaje, n. small cords used ones eyes open. Ap. kalamkia,
to fasten the sail to the yard, in a -iwa, (usually) be too sharp for,
native vessel. (Cf. chombo, and outwit, deceive, cheat. (Cf.
karnbai)
kalam'zi, and am'ka, and syn.
danganya, punja, hadaa.)
Kajia, n. an extremely small
path or passage. Dim. of njia. (Cf.
Kalamu, n. pen (made of
njia, ujia, and ka-.)
reed). Also any pen. Chonga k.,
point a pen, make a pen. K. na
Kaka, n. (ma-'), (i) used occa- wino, pen and ink. (Ar.)
sionally of an empty shell, e.g. of
an egg, or of the rind of a fruit, e.
Kalamzi, a. crafty, cunning,
g. of an orange, k. layai, k. la sharp. (Cf. kalam'ka, and syn.
chungwa. (But ganda is more usual, -janja, -erevu, ayari.)
cf. fuvu, fuu.) (2) Elder brother,
generally used playfully or
Kalasha, n. tusk of ivory,
colloquially, as dada. (3) A disease smaller than buri. (Cf. pembe,
affecting the hand.
hurt.)

Kaka-kaka, adv. in a hurry, in a

Kalasia, n. small brass vessel
rush (press, bustle). (Cf. kikaka.)
with narrow neck, often used for
milk. (Hind. Cf. kopo, sufuria, for
Kakamia, v. strain after, make metal vessels.)
a sudden or violent effort to do, or
get something, e. g. k. maji, of a
Kale, n. old times, antiquity,
thirsty man. (Cf. follg.)
the past, former ages. Watu wa k.,
the ancients, men of old. Zamani
Kakamka, v. make a muscular za k.f old times, past ages. Hapo k.,
effort, strain,as in lifting a load, once upon a time, long ago.
breaking a stone, or in travail. Kikale, of the old style, oldObs. also.Rf. jikakatmia, in same fashioned, antiquated. -a k., old,

ancient. -a kikale, antiquated. (Cf. sour, bitter, e.g. siki kali, sour
zamani, and dist. nzee, old age.)
vinegar, opp. to laini, tamu, and cf.
chung'u; (3) sharp in temper,
Kalfati. See Kalafati. (Ar.)
severe, stem, cross, cruel, fierce,
e. g. ng'ombe mkali, a fierce cow,
-kali, a. (1) sharp, having a opp. to -pale, -a huruma;
sharp edge, cutting, e. g. kisu
kikali, a sharp knife, makali ya keen, intense, vehement, brave,
upanga, the edge of a sword, opp.
to butu; (2) sharp to the taste, acid, jua kali, tembo kali, strong palm-

.KALI

127

KAMASI

wine, scorching sun, watu wakali, k. wapenda, k. ulisema. (b) Like, as

warlike people, opp. to -legevu, it were, almost, about, nearly, of
-vivu, -oga. (Cf. ukali)
vague comparison, c. g. of
numbers, asikari
kali, verb-form, used with
Person prefixes, nikali, tukali, &c., k. tnia, about a hundred soldiers.
and I am iwas), and we are Ny~
(were), &c. (Cf. ka, and It.)
ittgi k. si nyingi, a moderate
Kalia, Kalika. v. See Kaa, v.
number. (c) In the definite
comparison of two or more
Kalibu, n. a mould, e. g. for objects, as compared with,
bullets, i. e. kidude cha kusttbia rather than, and not * (cf. kuliko),
lisasi, a thing for casting bullets in. e. g. afathali kuweka tnali k. kuAlso of that in which metal, &c. tumia yote, it is better to save
is heated, a heating pot or money than to use it all up. Yeye
furnace. (Cf. stibu, ita,joko, lanuu.) mkubwa
"Kalima, n. word. (Arab, for k. wewe, he is big as compared
common neno. Cf. mkalimani.')
with you, i. e. bigger than you.
Kalme. See Galme.
Kama, v. squeeze, but esp. of
milking, e. g. kama ng'ombe
maziwa, milk a cow, or simply
kama. Ps. kamwa. Nt. kamika,
kamikana. Ap. kam-ia, -iwa. (Dist.
kamia, threaten.) Cs. kam-isha,
-ishwa, e. g. kamisha ng'ombe za
watu, act as milkman, undertake
milking. (Cf. kamua, kqmata, and

Heri kupotea nikafa k. kuwa hai,

better I should be lost and die

than live. Bora thahabu k. fetha,
gold is more valuable than silver.
(2) As a.sub- ordinative particle,
(a) that,of reported speech, &c.
Nasema k. ndivyo, I say that it is so.
Nimesikia

k.hajui, I understand that he does

not know. Aliamuru k. aende, he

ordered that he should go. (Cf.

similar use ofya kuwa, ya kwamba,
kwamba, and kama kwamba.) (b)
"Kama, conj. also Kana, (i) as If, sup
a particle of comparison in
general, (a) as, such as, like, as if, posing that, though, i. e.
as though, e.g. uwe kama mirni, be conditional, e. g. k. una homa
like me. Ruka k. ndege, fly like a netida kwa rnganga, if you have
bird. Mtu mfupi k. wewe, a man as fever, go to the doctor. K. hutaki,
short as you. K. hivi (vile), as thus, bassi, if you do not want to, there
like this, in this way, for instance. is an end of it. Also often with
With a noun, often supplies a Pres. Partic., k. uktpenda, if you
lacking adjective, e. g. k. rnaji, like. K. fetha ikipatikatia, ntalipa, if
like water, i. e. liquid, fluid, also the money is forthcoming, I will
fluent, easy. K. majani, green. With pay. (c) Whether, if, e. g. sijui k.
nini, forms an expletive or adv. of yuko, I do not know whether he is
emphasis, e.g. kubwa k. nini, there. Alimuliza k. ndizyo, he asked
wonderfully great. Zuri k. nini, me whether it was so. (Ar. For
inexpressibly beautiful, or in the comparative use cf. sawa na, mfano
form kamani! wonderful 1 wa, mithili ya, kuliko. For
marvellous! With a verb, kama is conditional use cf. ikiwa, iwapo,
commonly followed by -vyo, e.g. endapo, and the use of -ki- and
k. upendavyo, as you please,
-sipo in verbs.)
k. ulhyosema, as you said, but also
*Kamali, n. a game played by
songa, kaba, shika.)

chucking small coin intp a hole have various names, all of non(Str.).
Bantu origin, e. g. amari, baraji,
hamarawi, (Iasi, henza, jarari,
Kamamanga, n. Sec Komama demani, goshi, dakawa, mjiari, or
nga.
ujari. Various materials for
binding are ubugu, ugornba,
"Kamani, adv. wonderfully, ung'ong'o, umtnu, ukindu, and
strangely, exceedingly. (For kama miwaa.
(Cf. ukambaa, also
nini? Like what! see Kama.)
, kitani.) . '
Kamani, n. (wa-), mucus from tigwe
Kamba, n. a .lobster, crayfish,
the nose, catarrh. Siwezi k., I have prawn,
sometimes distina cold* in my head. (Cf. mafua, guishedshrimp,
as k. ya pwani, k. ya bahari,
kifua.) Futa makamasi, wipe the
also mkamba,the common
nose.
lobster, and k. ya mtoniy crayfish.
Kamata, v. take forcible hold (Cf. m- kamba, uduvi, kaa.)
of, catch hold of, seize with the
Kambali, n. (ma-)y also Kamhands (arms, claws, a trap, &c.), bari,
cat fish, with
grasp, clasp, make a prisoner of, broad freshwater
head and fleshy feelers,
arrest. CJnti alimkamata kuku, the the flatonly
freshwater fish
leopard got hold of the fowl. Ps. common in Z., and
sometimes of
kamativa. Nt. kamatika, e. g. maji
hayaka- matiki, water cannot be large size (15 lb. to 20 lb.)
grasped in the hand. A>. kamatKambi, n. (ma-)> encampment,
ia, -iwa, e. g. seize with, grasp at, usually on enclosure occupied,
get a partial hold of, &c. Cs. at night in travelling on the
kamatisha, also In tens, hold fast. mainland. (? Eng. camp. Cf. hituo,
Rp. kamatana,
boma.)

grapple, e. g. in wrestling.
(Implies some effort, difficulty to
overcome. Cf. shika, kabithi, guia,
nasa. For the termination cf.
ambata, fumbata, nata, pat a.)

Kambo, n. baba (mama) wa

kambo,
step-father (-mother),
mtoto . wa kambo, step-child. (Perh.
cf. kambo, used (Kr.) for the shoot

sprouting from the roots of the

(rngomba), near but
Kamati, n. ball of wheat flour, banana
leavened with tembo, i. e. palm- separate from the chief stem.)
wine (Str.).
Same, n. (ma-), barren land,
desert, waste, uncultiKamba, n. cord, rope,the wilderness,
ground. (Cf. nyikajangwa,
most generic term, properly of the vated
native kind, but made of twisted poli.)
cocoanut fibre (makumbi). Hence
Kamia, v. reproach, threaten;
k. ya kumbi, kambaya nazi, to dun (a debtor). Amemkamia sana
distinguish
it
from
k. kumpiga, he threatened to beat
ulaitiEuropean, hempen rope, and him. Mkamia maji hayanywi, he
k. ya miwaa, rope of plaited leaf .who finds fault with the water
strips. See TXkambaa. Ukukuu wa will not drink it. Jikamia, reproach
kamba si upya wa ukam- baa , in a oneself. Ps .kamiwa. Nt. kamipa.
rope old fibre is better than new Rp. kamiana. (Cf. kamio, and
leaf strips. Piga (_funga) k., tie ogofya, laumu.)
with a rope, cord (a load), but also
like songa k., suka (sokota) k., make
*Kamili, v. complete, finish,
a rope by twisting or plaiting. The make perfect, also be complete,
ropes of a native sailing vessel be finished. But these meanings

.KALI

127

KAMASI

are usually taken by the Cs. and

Nt. or Ps. forms. Ps. kamiliwa. Nt.
kamilika. Ap. kamil-ia, -iwa, e. g.
end off, finish off. Alipokamilia
nyumbaile, when he finished off
that house. Cs. kamil-isha, -ishwa,
e. g. nime- kamilisha mwezi wangu, I
have completed my month.- a.
complete, perfect, whole, entire,
unimpaired.

alimkana

mtoto,
the
father
disowned the child. Ps. kaniwa.
Nt. kan-ika, -ikana, e.
g.

Kamua, v. Rv. of kama with

similar meaning, squeeze, wring,
compress, squeeze out, e. g. k.
ttguo, wring wet clothes; k.
chungwa, squeeze the juice out of
an orange. K. jiptt, make an
abscess discharge. K. mafuta,
extract oil by pressure. Ps.
kamuliwa. Nt. kamulika. Ap. kamulia, -liwa, e. g. akam- kamulia ndimu
mwilini, and he squeezed lime
juice over his body. Cs. kamulisha, -lishwa. (Cf. kama, v.)

the woman has induced you to

disown your child. (Cf. kartyo, ki-

amekaniwa na watu si mwivi, it was

denied by the people that he was a

thief. Ifaikanikani kabisa, it is
absolutely undeniable. Ap. kan-ia,
-iana, forbid to, refuse to, deny to
(about, for, on the part of, by, at,
( A r. Cf. maliza, timia, timiliza, is &c.). Baba amemkattia mtoto kuiba
(or, asiibe), the father had
ha.)
the child to steal. Cs.
*-kamilifu, a. same as Kamili, forbidden
kan-isha,
a., which see.
,
Kamio, n. (ma-), a reproach, a -ishwa, also . kan-tisha, -yusha,
threat. (Cf. prec.)
-ushwa, -ishia, -ishiwa, -ishatia, also
Kampani, n. also Kumpani, a Intens. deny emphatically, e. g.
commercial house, a trading asso- amenikattushia haki yattgu, he has
ciation, a company. (From Eng. wholly denied me my rights. Afwcompany.)
anamke amekukanisha mtoto wako,
kano, kataa, kataza,)

Kana, n. rudder handle, tiller,

i.e. rnkono wa usukani.
Kana, conj. Sec Kama.
Kanadili, n. (ma-), a projection
from quarter or stern of native
vessel, used as a closet (choo)%
also quarter gallery.

Kanda, v. knead with the

Kamusi, n. a lexicon, a die- hand, press and work with the
tionary. (Arab. ocean.)
fingers, shampoo. K. unga,
knead flour (dough). A,
Eamwe, adv. always with a udotigo, knead clay,as a
negative preceding, (not) at all, potter. K. mwili, of a kind of
(not) in the least, (not) ever (i.e. massage, to give relief in pain
never, by no means). Si kitu or weariness, or merely as a
kamwc, it is nothing at all. Sitaki luxury. Ps. katidwa. Nt. kattdika.
kamwe, I will have nothing to do Ap. kand-ip, -iwa. * Cs. katulwith it. (Cf. kabisa, halisi, hatta isha,
kidogo.)

Kana, v. also Kanya, deny,

negative, say no, disown,
refuse, e. g. kwanza mwivi amekana,
sasa au- ngama, at first the thief
denied it, now he confesses. Baba

-ishwa.
(Cf. kattdika.)
Kanda, n. (, and ma-), (i) a
bag of native (plaited) matting,
often used for grain, broader
at the bottom than at the mouth.
Dim. kikattda. (Cf. kikapo.) (2)

Leather thong,
plur. of ukanda.

strap,also

Kande, n. and Kandi, stores,

supplies,for a journey, &c.,
esp. provisions. Not usual in Z.
(Cf. masarufu, akiba, riziki.)

or clay. (Cf. prec. and jengo.)

'Kandili, n. (ma-), lamp,
candlestick, chandelier. (Ar.
Cf.fanusi, kinatta, taa, meshmaa.)

Kando, n. (, and ma-), side,

Kanderinya, n. kettle, tea- edge, margin, brink (esp. of river
or * sea), bank, coast. A', ya(or
kettle.
la) mto, the margin of the river.
Kandika, v. of the operation
Used commonly as adv. and (with
of covering the wooden
framework of a native hut with
la, ya) prep., on one side, aside, by
clay to form the walls. Women
the side, on the verge or edge, c.
bring water, while men dig and
g. alive kando, haangukiwi na mti, he
knead the clay, and apply it in
lumps with the hand, between
wno is on one side is not fallen
the sticks and inside and out. K.
upon by a tree. K. yetu, in our
nyumba kwa udotigo, plaster a
neighbourhood, near us.
house with clay. Ps. kattdikwa.
(Cf. follg. and kanda, kattdo, paka,
Sawasawa k., parallel. Wtka k. (or,
v.)
kando-katuio) ya, put by the side of.
A*, tote, on all sides. (Cf. ukingo,
Kandiko, n. (ma-), material
for native plastering, i. e. earth
upattde, and ukando.

KANG A

)Kanga, v. See Kaanga.

130

KAPI

Kanya, v. same as Kana

(which see), refuse a proposal,
Kanga, n. (i) kanga la mnazi, the give a negative answer.
fruit stem or stalk bearing the nuts
on a cocoanut tree, when stripped
Kanyo, n. {ma-), denial,
of the nuts, the bare stalk, dry refusal, contradiction, negative
stem. (The same when growing, answer. (Cf. kanya, kana, mkano,
and with nuts on it, is utawi, cf. and syn. katao, katazo.)
mnazi.) (2) Common speckled
Kanwa, n. {ma-), also Kanywa,
guinea-fowl (cf. kororo). (3) In
commerce, scarf, piece of mouth (of man, and animals in
calico of all patterns and colours, general). K. jumbe la maneno, the
worn by native women and men. mouth is ruler of speech. (Dim.
Described as lesoya upande Pirn oj from nywa, see -nya, and cf. kinwa,
which is usual in Z.)
a. (Cf. shiti, kisuto, leso, nguo.)
Kanzi, n. what is kept in
Kangaja, n. {ma-), (1) small
mandarin orange, fruit of the store, a treasure, a# hoard, also
mkangaja; (2) a sea-fish, with a treasury, store-room. *Aweke mali
kanzini, let him put his belongings
disagreeable smell.
in the store-room. (Ar. Cf. tunu,
Kango, n. (ma-), a frying-pan. ha- zina, and kandi, ghala, akiba.)
See Kaango.
Kanzu, 11. the usual outer
Kaniki, n. in commerce, blue garment of men in Z., a longshirtings,a dark blue calico, sleeved calico gown, reaching
worn by the poorer classes from the neck to the ankles,
commonly as an undergarment, or usually plain white or yellowishat work. See Nguo.
brown {huthurungi), with or
without lines of silk stitch-work,
Kanisa, n. (ma-), synagogue, red or white, on the neck, wrists,
temple, church. (Arab. Cf. msi- and front, and fastened with a
kiti, hekalu.)
small button or tassel at the
throat. Worn over a loincloth,
Kanju, n. {ma-), fruit of the often with a light doublet, or
cashew tree, mkanju,which in Z. under a coloured sleeveless open
is called mbibo. See Mbibo. .
waistcoat {kisibau), or a cloth
cloak {joho). Worn also by
Kano, n. {ma-)} large sinew or women, but then shorter, of
tendon (of animals). (Cf. mkano.) coloured and varied materials,
and with red binding. Kanzu are
Kantara, n. a bridge. (Arab. distinguished as ya ku- futa, plain,
Cf. daraja, bonth, ulalo.)
common, ya ziki, with white
stitching at the neck, ya
Kanuni, n. that which is cotton
with ornamental stitching,
regular
(necessary, kazi,
according to material, ya
indispensable), a fundamental- and
ya huthurungi, Sec.
{?
rule, a necessary condition, a sine bafta,
qua non. As adv. undoubtedly, Cf. Ar. kasd,
certainly, truly. (Ar. Cf. faraihi,
clothe. For parts, &c., of the kanzu
sharti, kawaida, hakika, yakini.)
see badani, taharizi, sijafu, kikwapa,
Kanusha, v. Cs. from Kana,
which see. Other forms are jabali, mhalbori, kaba, tiki, mrera,
kiboko, kinara, tarizi, mjusi, &c., and
kanyusha and kanisha.
for tailoring, shona, mshoni.)

Kao, n. {ma-), place of supercargo. (Ar.)

residence, dwelling, habitation,
Karara, Karasia. See Kalala,
commonly in the plur. makao.
Also of mode or act of remaining, Kalasia.
residing, Sec., situation, position,
*Karata, n. card, playing card.
way of living, but thus more often
ukao, kikao. (Cf. kaa, v., ukao, kikao, (? char/a, card.)
ukazi, makazi.)
*Karatasi, n. paper, a piece of
paper. (Ar.)
Kaoleni. See Kauli.
Karatha, n. money on loan,
Kaomwa, n. and Kauma, calumba root,mainly procured advance, credit. K. ya fetha, a cash
from East Africa. Described as advance. (Arab. Cf. follg.)
the root of a creeping plant, like a
Karathi, v. and Karithi, (1)
sweet potatoe, a tonic of bitter
lend money, esp. make an
taste (Kr.).
advance for commercial purposes,
Kapi, n. (, and ma-), (1) a accommodate with money or
pulley,consisting of a sheave goods; (2) also as Cs. borrow, get
(roda), enclosed in a block an advance. Ps, karathiwa. (Ar. Cf.
(makupd). (For various sorts see prec. and the commoner kopa,
Oofia, Abedari.) (2) Chaff, husks. kopesha, and asimu.)
(Cf. kumvi, wishwa, kiinunu, macho
Karibia, v. Ap. come near
ya mtama.)
(to), go near (to), approach, move
Kapo (ma-), and Kapu, a large close to, enter. Ps. karibiwa. Cs.
basket (of plaited leaf-strips). See karib-isha, -ishwa, bring near, move
close, invite as puest, welcome,
Kikapo.
entertain. Karibisha chakula (kiti),
Karaha,
n.
provocation, invite to a meal (offer a seat to).
(giving)
offence,
(causing) Tulikaribishwa vizuri, we were hosaversion.
Mantbo
yak., pitably treated. Rp. karibiana. (Ar.
provocation, cause of ill-feeling, Cf. karibu, and sogea.)
repulsion. (Ar. Cf. kirihi, also
Karibu, n. near relation, kinsekerahi, ikirahi.)
man. I Vatu haiva k. zangu, these
Karakoli, n. and Karakoni, people are relations of mine. Also
prison. Not usual in Z. (? Turkish, mtu wa k.f a relation. adv. and
introduced by Soudanese. Cf. (with ya and rta) prep. (1) of
space, near, close (to); (2) of time,
gereza, kifungo.)
.
presently, shortly, lately, recently;
Karama, n. (1) an honour, (3) in general, nearly, almost,
privilege, valuable possession, about. Hivi k., just lately. Alikuja k.,
gracious act, generous behaviour ; he came near, or, he arrived
(2) gracious gift, esp. a gift of recently. K. yangtt, near me.
God in answer to prayer. (Ar. Cf. Common as reply to the inquiry
karimu and follg., and for gifts Hodi ? i.e. Come in, walk in, you
generally bakshish /.)
are welcome. (Ar. Cf. karibia.)
*Karamu, n. a feast, banquet,
Karimu, a. and -karimu,
festive entertainment. (Ar. Cf. liberal, openhanded, generous.
prec.)
Also v. See Kirimu. (Ar.
Cf.
Karani,
secretary,

n.

karama,

clerk,
amanuensis, karamu, and syn. -paji.)

(ma-),

KANG A

130

Karipia, v. Ap. use harsh language to, reprimand, scold, chide.

Ps. karipiwa.
(Cf. launiu, kemea,
shutumu. The Pr. form karipa is

also used.)

Kariri, v. repeat, say over

again and again, recite, rehearse.
Ps. kaririwa. Nt. karirika. Ap. kariria, say over to (for, at, &c.). Cs.
karir-isha, -ishwa.
(Ar. Cf.
syn. B. scuta (soma) tetia, or marra
ya pili, or matra ttyingi).
Kasa, n. a sea turtle. (Cf. tig'a
mb a, kobe.)

Kaaa, adv. also Kassa, less,

less by, short by, usually in
connexion with robo, themutti, or
similar words, e.g. rupia mbili k.
themuni, two rupees less four
annas; saa sita k. robo, a quarter to
twelve oclock (Iit.six hours less a
quarter). A', robo, three quarters
(of a dollar), one rupee and a half.
(Ar. Cf. kasiri, n. and kasoro.)
Kosaraui, Kasasl, n. See Kilrani, Kisasi.
Koaha, n. (ma-), box, chest,
cupboard, packing case. Kasha la
fetha, (1) a silver box; (2) a money
box,

KAPI

safe. (Cf. sanduku, bweta,also

Ital. cassa, Yr.'caisse.)
*Kashabu, n. a wooden rod,
which draws the threads of the
web apart in native weaving. (?
Ar. Cf. mfnmo,fuma.)

the thick oily juice squeezed from

the grated nut by a strainer, before
any water is mixed with it, i. e.
tnaji ya nazi yaliyokamuliwa mbele
katika kifumbu,also called tui la
kasi- mele, or tui halisi. The same

nut, when mixed with water and

strained again, produces tui la
*Kashifu, v. (i) reveal, nyuma, tui la kupopolea, a white
disclose; (2) show up, discredit, milky fluid. See Tui.
disparage, tell stories of, slander.
Ps. kashijlwa. (Ar. for more usual
*Kasiri, v. cause to be angry,
chojigea, s'ingizia, &c.)
vex, provoke. Hayo ndiyo maneno
yokukasiri, these are the words
Kasia, n. (ma-), an oar. Piga yaliwhich annoyed you. Sultani
(vuta) k., row. (Cf.
kctfi,
a alimkasiri mkewe, the Sultan vexed
paddle.)
his wife. But the Cs. is more
in this sense (see
*Kasib#, n. barrel (of a gun). common
Ps. kasiriwa. TSt.'kasirika,
Mdojno kama k., small round below).
angry, be excited, whence
mouth, a point of beauty. (Ar. be
kasirik-ia, -iwa, be angry with. Ap.
reed. Cf. ntwanzi, mdo?no.)
kasir-ia, -iwa. Cs. kasir-isha, -ishwa,
*Kasidi, n. Also Kusudi, enrage, provoke, exasperate, stir
up violent feeling in, incite,
which see. (Ar.)
inflame. Rp. kasiri-ana. (? Ar. Cf.
*Kasiki, n. (, and ma-)t large hasira, and syn. ghathabu, uchungu.
earthen jar (for water, ghee, Dist. hasara, hasiri and also kasiri,
treacle, &c.). (Cf. balasi, which is n.) > .
larger.)
Kasiri, n. end. Alasiri k., late
Kasimele, n. cocoanut cream, afternoon, 5 p.m., i. e. mwisho w

Asadv.less. K.ya,k.kuliko,
less than. (Arab., seldom heard.
Cf. kasa, kasoro, and the
commoner hatima
, mwishol) .
KATA
133
KATANI
aK. hukumu, decide a suit, give
Kaskazi, n. (1) northerly
sentence. K. tamaa, bring hopes to
an end, despair, despond, be wind, north monsoon. K. inavuma,
desperate. K. kitty quench thirst. K. the north wind is blowing. Cf.
shaitri, frustrate a plan. Ps. katwa, kusif south wind, and upepo. (2)
implying an agent, as present or Season of the north monsoon, i.e.
prominent in the mind. Nt. katika, December to March, the hottest
in which the fact rather than the part of the year in Zanzibar, i. e.
agency is in view, e. g. hukumu wakati wa jasho na kukausha mitiy
called
tnusimu,
and
imekatwa, the judge has decided also
the case. Hukumu imekatika, a sometimes chaka; (3) northerly
verdict has been given. Kusi direction, the north. Also called
imekatika, the south wind is Kibula Kibla. Kaskazini, in the
coming to an end. Hence, katik-ia, north, northwards. (Cf. shemali,
-iwa, be cut off, &c. at (for, in, the Ar. word for north/ andJaa.)
&c.), e. g. muhogo ulikatikia mu mo,
*Kasoro, adv. less (by), short
the cassava broke off where it
stood. Ugwe hukatikia pembamba, (by). Kasoro nussu, less by a half.
cord breaks at the thinnest part. Sometimes as n., defect, blemish.
Also katikana, be capable of being (Ar. kasr. Cf. kasa, kasiri.)
cut, &c., be possibly cut. Ap. kat*Kassa, adv. See Kasa.
ia, -iwa, -iatia, cut at (into, off
from, a part of, &c.), e.g. katia
*Kassi, adv. of intensity, used
hesabu, cut off from (deduct from)
an account. Katia mti, cut a piece with verbs, much, very, with
from, chop at, make a cut in (not, energy (vehemence, violence,
cut down). Katia ttjia, cut into &c.), e.g. enda k., go with force, go
(strike on) a road. AY kiasi changu quickly. Mto unapita k., the river
kama nalikatiwa mi mi, it fits me runs quickly, has a strong
exactly, just as if it vvas made for current. Also as a noun, tia (piga)
me (or, 1 had been measured for k., apply force, tighten. Sokota kwa
it). Tulikatiwa marteno, we have k., twist forcibly. (Prob. Ar. ? Cf.
had our matter settled. Katiana, kiasi, or kaza, kazi.)
settle accounts together, strike a
*Kastabini, n. a thimble. (Perbalance, i. e. by striking out items
on both sides. Cs. kat-iza, -izwa, sian, for more common subana.)
isia, -isiwa, -izana, cause to cut (be
n. opium. (Hind.
cut, &c.), or Intens. cut (end, Cf.*Kasumba,
syn. Ar. ajiiini.)
decide) abruptly (vigorously,
sharply, &c.). Katiza mane no,
*Kata, v. (1) cut, cut off, cut
break off (interrupt, stop, apply away, cut short, cut up, or in
closure
to)
a
discussion. pieces; (2) fig. divide, reduce,
Walikatiziwa vyakuta, their supplies bring to an end, decide, frustrate.
were deliberately stopped. Kp. The noun following may define
katana, e.g. wanakatana kwa visit, the thing cut, the nature of the
they are fighting with knives. cutting, the effect produced, or
Also Rf. jikata, jikatia, jikatiza, &c., the instrument used. K. miti, cut
and Rd. of emphasis, katakata, cut down trees. K. maji, go up stream.
to pieces, make mincemeat of. K. kisu (or kwa kisu), cut with a
(Ar. Cf. mkata, mkato, kato, kata, knife. K. nguo, cut calico, often in
mkatizo, tnkate, mkataa, and follg. the sense buy a piece of calico,
Alsosyn. tern a, ehanja, pasua, order a new dress or suit. K.
chonga, choma, vunja, maliza.)
nakshi, carve (in wood or stone).
reduce (or, withhold) a
Kata, n. also Kataa, a cutting, K.pesa,
sum due. K. maneno, conclude
alasiri.

piece, part, portion, section,

fraction, not of a literal cut or
cutting, but fig., e. g. (a) part of a
house, k.ya nyurnba, a room, an
apartment, one of the screened-off
divisions in a native hut, or k. ya
chumba, an alcove, recess, part of
a room; (b) k. ya kitabu, part of a
book, section, leaf, page (cf. juzu,
ukarasa) ; also of a country, *
quarter, district, k. ya inchi (? cf.
mtaa, kitaa); (c) lengths of rope,
string, silk, &c., as sold in shops,
i. e. hank, skein, coil. (Ar. Cf.
kata, v., and kato, mkdto, &c.)

kigzoe, kamba.)

Katazo, n. (ma-), prohibition,

contradiction, objection. (Cf.
kataa, and syn. kindano, dakizo,
teto.)

Kathalika, adv. in like

manner, likewise, similarly, in the
same way. (Ar. Cf. aitha, thamma,
and follg., and syn. B. vile vile,
vivyo hivyol)

Kath&wakatha, a. and adv.,

thus and thus, and so on, et
caetera, many other such, many
Kata, n. (ma-),(i) a ladle, dipper, more. Watu k., lots of people. (Ar.
scoop, used for drinking, or C f. kathalika.)
dipping water from a hole,
Kathi, n. (via-), judge, the
usually a cocoa- nut shell, with
term,
magistrate
one end cut off, and fixed to the official
end of a stick. (Cf. ttpawa.) (a) A appointed by the Sultan to decide
round pad, usually of leaves, questions of law. (Ar. Cf. haki'mu,
grass, or a folded strip of cloth, and mwamuzi.)
worn on the head when carrying a
Kati, adv. and (with yd) prep.,
load, water-jar, &c. (Dist. mkata,
among, between, inside, in the
ukataJ)
middle of, amidst, surrounded by.
Kataa, v. refuse, reject, decline, K. ya nyumba, in the middle of the
say no. Ps. kataliwa. Nt. kata- house. Kata k., cut asunder
lika. Ap. kata-lia, -liwa, -liana, e. g. (through the middle). Also as n.,
refuse, refuse credence to, decline the middle, the centre, and -a kati,
acceptance from, say no' to, &C. central, middle; wakati wa k., the
Cs. kata-za, -zwa, -zana, prohibit, intervening period, interval; pa k.,
forbid, deter, cause to refuse, the centre. Sometimes redupl.
refuse peremptorily, &c. Also katikati (yd), between, among, in
kata-zia, -ziwa, prohibit to (from, the very middle (of), also kati na
by, &c.). (Cf. katazo, kana, go- kati. (Cf. katika, prep.)
mbeza, dakiza, teta, mantfuku.)
Katiba, n. ordinance, custom,
Kataa, a. final, decisive, con- natural (or original) constitution,
clusive. Neno hili k., this statement destiny, doom,from the idea of
is decisive. (Ar. Cf. kata, mkataa.) binding and permanent force of
Mahommedan law as written in
Katabahu, lit. he wrote it, the Coran. (Ar. Cf. follg.)
usually at the end of letters, with
Katibu, n. a writer, scribe,
the name of the writer, and sometimes bijedihi, by the hand of. amanuensis, clerk. (Cf. karani,
mwandi- shi, kaiabahu.) v. write,
(Arab. Cf. kitabu, mkataba.)
seldom used, e.g. in Rp.
Xatani, n. also Kitani, flax, tukatibiane, let us draw up a
and what is made from it, linen, written contract. (Cf. mkataba,
string, strong thread, twine. Uzi kitabu, kit aba, and common syn.
wa k., thread made of flax or andika.)
hemp, as dist. from uzi wa pamba,
Katika, prep, among, in,
cotton thread. (Ar. Cf. uzi, ugive,

KATA

133

whether (a) of place,in, at, to,

towards, into, from (in), out of,
away from; (b) of time,in, at,
during; (c) in general, in,
engaged in, to, in the direction of,
from ; (d) in the matter of, in
reference to, concerning, as to,
about. Very common in all senses.
In local use, equivalent to -ni.
Sometimes with kwa, when kwa
with the word following indicates
a single idea or object. Kitjika
katika kwa mfalme, to drrive in the
kings court or presence. (Cf. kati,
and the equally common kwa.)

KATANI

zilizosemwa, three accounts were

given. Tufuase k. ya waalimu wetu,

let us follow the opinion of our

teachers. K. He ika- muthi, the
expression vexed him. (Ar. for the
common neno. Cf. ka- lima and
kanleni,
double
tongued,
untrustworthy, i. e. a man of two
stories.)
Kauma, n. calumba root. See
Kaomwa.

Kauri, n. a cowry (shell). For

various kinds cf. dondo, kululu,
kete. Kauri is also used to describe
Katikati, adv. and (with yd) china, vitu vya kauri, as opp. to
earthenware, vitu vya udongo.
prep. See Kati.
-kavu, a. (kavu with D 4 (P), D
Katili, n. a murderous person,
a bloodthirsty man, a ruffian. 5 (S), D 6), also -kafu, (1) dry,
parched, waterless, barren. Inchi
(Arab. Cf. syn. B. mwuaji.)
k., dry land, terra firma, as opp. to
*Kato, n. (ma-), a cutting, frag- bahari, sea. Kuni k., dry firewood.
ment, thing cut or broken off. (Cf. Nguo k., dry clothes. Prov. maji
kata, mkato.)
maftt, mvitvi mkafu, at neap tides the
fisherman gets little. (2) Dry,
*Katu, n. a kind of gum, humorous, satirical, amusing. AItu
imported to Z., and sold in small mkavu, a witty person. Maneno
dark-red lumps chiefly for tnakavu, witticisms. (3) Brave,
chewing with betel. See Tambuu, fearless, un-, concerned. Cf. the
Uraibu.
phrase -kavu wa macho, -cnyi macho
rnakavu, of a nonchalant, intrepid,
Katua, v. polish, brighten, dauntless look. (Cf. kauka.)
clean by rubbing. K. bunduki, clean
rust, &c. off a gun. Ps. katuliwa.
Kawa, v. be delayed, tarry,
Nt. katuka. Ap. katulia. Majifu ya linger, delay, loiter, take a long
kukatidia visu, ashes to clean time, be behind time, be late. Ap.
knives with.
kawia, same as kawa; also kawilia,
delay for (on account of, at,
Kauka, v. become dry, dry up, abont, &c.), and so kaw-ilisha,
be parched. Inchi imekauka, the -ilishwa, cause to delay, keep back,
earth is parched. Sauti imemkauka, make late. Cs. kaw-isha, ishwa,
his voice is dried up, he is hoarse. put off, make stand over, adjourn,
Ap. kauk-ia, -iwa. Sakafu itnekaukia e.g. kawisha kocii, get in arrears for
maji, the water has dried off the rent. (Cf. usiri, ahiri, chelcioa, and ?
roof. Cs. kau-sha, -shwa, dry, cause cf. kaa.)
to dry up, parch. (Cf.
-kavu,
yabis, and
Kawa. n. (, and of size ma-),
(1) a dish cover, conical in shape,
of drying clothes by exposure to made of plaited gras?. Sahani isiyo
sun and air, anika.)
na k., a dish without a cover. Tulingatu sawa saw a, kama sahani na k.,
Kauli, n. (i) sentence, let us suit each other (i.e. agree'),
expression; (2) expressed opinion, like a dish and its cover. (2)
narrative, account. K. tatu Mildew, mould (Str.).

*Kawodi, n. (ma-), a procurer.

(Arab.)

be firm (stiff, hard).

Kazana na, adhere to,
stick to. (Cf. kazi, kazo,
mkazo, and perh. kaa, v.
Also similar Ar. words
denoting effort, work,
firmness.)

Kawaida. n. also Kaida, regulative principle, fundamental rule,

usage,custom, system,and so *
pattern, standard, maxim. K. kama
shcria, customary usage is like law.
Hatuna k. ya kuja mtu, wc arc not
Kazi, n. (1) work, labour, emused to a person coming, we do ployment, occupation, profession,
not allow it. (Ar. Cf. desturi, business, function, a job; (2) hard
kanuni.)
work, toil, strain, effort, exertion;
(3) normal action, regular duty,
Kawe, n. a very small stone, routine. Mchezo huo ni k. burre, a
dim. of jiwe, kijiwe. (Cf. jiwe, mbwe, game like that is labour thrown
away, a native view of
athletics. Ndio k. yake, that is what
and ka-.)
Kawia, Kawilia, Kawisha, &c. he always does, or, he is
responsible for it. Fatty a (tenda)
See Kawa.
k., work, be a labourer. Nguo hii ni
Kaya, n. (wa-), a kind of shell- k.ya Wahindi, this stuff is made by
Hindoos. K.ya tnaka- tcia, contract
fish.
work, task work. (Cf. kaza.)
Kayamba, n. (1) a sieve; (2) a
Kazo, n. pressing tight, holding
rattle resembling a sieve,dry
grain shaken inside a flat case of hard, grip. Also as a. -kazo, tight.
tCf. kaza, mkazo.)
reeds.
Kaza, v. (1) fix, make fast,
fasten, tighten; (2) grip, hold
tight, fit tightly; (3) use force (in),
exert energy, act with a will,
emphasize, accentuate. K. kamba,
make a rope fast. K. mbio, run
hard. K. kuirnba, sing with a will.
Ngno ya kukaza, tight clothes. Ps.
kazwa. Nt. kazika. Ap. kas-ia, -iway
e. g. hazia macho, rivet the gaze
upon. Cs. kaz-tsha, -ishwa. Rp.
kazana,

Kozoakazoo, n. a term of abuse

(perh. from zoa and ka-, which
sec), i.e. wretched gutter-scraper.
-ke, a. (1) (also -a kike, jike), of
the female sex, female, feminine;

like a woman, timid, stupid. Mke

(PI. wake), mtu mkc (PI. watu wake),
mtu wa kike (Il. watu wa kike), and
most commonly mwana mke (PI.
( 1 ) hold each other, make a waatta wake, or waanake), are all
mutual effort; (2) hold used of woman generally, in
together, be compact, respect of sex simply. In relation.t

KEFU

othe male sex, mke has the

definite meaningwife, married
woman,and is then clearly
distinguished from mwancimke,
which denotes an irregular
connexion, e.g. mkewe waziri ali-

130

KERIMU

Kelele, n. (ma-), a shout, shouting, uproar, noise. Piga k., shout,

give a shout. Nena kwa k., or,
kikelele, make a loud remark. Makelele, as an int. ordering silence,
i.e. Too much noise! Be quiet! Sikuwa mwanamke wake Abunuwasi, lence ! (Cf:chubl huss! buu! nyathe vizirs wife was Abunuwasis maza! (or, Plur., nyamazeni l kimyal
paramour. Mke ni nguo, a wife Also cf. ukelele, kikelele.')
means (the cost of her) dress.
*Kem, interrog. adv. How
Wake, as
much ? How many ? e. g. in
a noun, plur. of mke, often takes inquiring price, kem ? wauzaje ?
for distinctness pronouns of the kiasi gani ?all meaning How
form in z-, i.e. wake zake, his much ? (Arab. Cf. kima.)
wives, rather than wake wake.
Kemea, v. scold, rebuke, speak
Watoto waanake, or wa kike, girls.
Bata jike, a female duck. Moyo wa loudly (roughly) to, snub. Ps.
kike, a womanly (i.e. usually kemewa. (Cf. karipia, laumu, nenea,
timid, stupid ) character. (Cf. ambilia.)
jike, kike, kuke, tike, and opp. -ume.)
Kenda, n. and a., nine. -a kenda,
Kefu, int. also Kdfule, ninth. (Cf. syn. Ar. tissia, tissa,
expressing disgusted surprise, equally common.)
indignation, aversion. K. mimi killa
Kenda, v. for kaenda, he has
siku, think of me (being so
treated) every day. Miu hamfanyizii gone. See Ka-. Also for Infin.
hiana mtu asio- amini, kefu kwenda, e.g. kendapi? for kwenda
aliomwamini, a man does not act wapi? a general inquiry Where are
treacherously towards one he you (he, they, &c.) going ?
distrusts, much less one he trusts.
Kenge, n. a large water-lizard,
Kefya-kefya, v. tease, annoy, common in Z. (For other kinds cf.
nag at, depress, discourage, put mjusi, guruguru.)
out of heart. (Cf. sumbua, tesa,
Kengee, n. andUkengee, the
chokoza, uthi.)
flat part of a cutting instrument,
Keke, n. a drilling tool, a drill, blade of knife, sword, spearhead,
consisting of a steel bit (kekee), &c. (Cf. bapa, and contr. makali,
fitted into a wooden handle edge, and kipini, handle, of such
(msuka, m- sukatto), which is instruments.)
turned in a wooden socket (jivu)
Kengele, n. (, and of size
by a bow and string (uta).
Described generally as ki- dude ma-), a bell. Piga k., ring a bell,
cha kuzulia mti, a tool for boring ring. (Cf. njuga.)
wood.
Kera, v. worry, tease, annoy,
Kekee, n. (i) a boring tool, see vex. (Cf. kero, and syn. kefya-kefya,
Keke ; (2) a kind of silver sumbua, tesa.)
bracelet, usually broad and flat,
Kereketa, n. cause an irritating
fastened by a clasp or bolt. (Cf.
sensation, esp. in tongue or throat,
kikuku, bana- giri, and urembo.)
have a rough taste, cause a
Kekevu, n. hiccup. (Cf. kikeu- choking feeling. Roho yangu
yanikereketa kwa sababu ya kula
keu, and more usu. in Z. kwikwi.)
tumbako, my throat is irritated

from chewing tobacco. Tumbako these shells. Metto kama k., teeth
yanikereketa, the tobacco has a like cowries,a point of beauty.
harsh taste to me, (Cf. syn. (Cf. kauri.) (2) (ma-), a string (of
washa.)
beads, &c.). Two make/e one
timba; ten makete five timba
Kereza, v. (1) saw into, cut one fundo.
(?Cf. kata, n.)
into, with a saw (rasp, file, &c.),
make a cut or notch in ; (2) cut in
Keti, v. (1) (in poet, kclcti), sit
a lathe,, turn. Zikerezwazo, turned down, take a scat ; (2) dwell, live,
articles, turnery. (Cf. follg.)
remain, stay, reside. Tafathali ukeii,
please take a scat (cf. kaa kitako,
Kerezo, n. also Keezo, a ma- meaning strictly, squat in the
chine for turning, a lathe.
native way). Ps. ketiwa.
Ap.
*Kerlmu, v. See Kirimu.

ket-ia, -iwa, e. g. kidttde cha kuketia,

something to sit upon. Cs. ketiKeringende, n. (i) a kind of sha,-shwa,c.g.
cause
to
dragon-fly; (2) a red-legged part- remain,keep, preserve. (Cf. kili,
ridge (Str.) ; (3) ? a cricket.
and syn. kaa.)

Kero, n. trouble, annoyance,

Kh-. Many Swahili words are
disturbance, vexatious conduct. taken from Arabic originals
(Cf. kera, and syn. ghasia, beginning with the sound of Kh-.
masumbuo, uthia.)
These will be found under H in
this Dictionary, representing the
Kesha, v. remain awake, keep simple aspirate to which they all
awake, stay up at night, not to become assimilated in proportion
sleep, watch, keep watch! Ngoma as they become naturalized
ya vi- jana kaikeshi, a childrens among Africans. On the other
dance does not last all night. hand, the Kh sound is often more
Kesha kucha, stay awake till the or less retained by persons
morning. Ap. kcsh-ca, -ewa, stay imitating or influenced by Arabic
up for, keep night watch with, pronunciation. Some of these
nurse all night. Cs. kesh-esha, words are: khabari, khadaa,
-eshwa, -eza, -eswa, keep a person khadimu, khafifu, khaiui, khalifu,
awake. Rp. kcshana, remain awake khamsi (and derivatives), khara,
together. (Cf. kesha, n. and kesho, kharadali, khatari; khati, khatia,
and syn. kcti tia macho, kaa macho.) khatima, khazitia, khema, khert,
Kesha, n. night watch, vigil.

Arna k. yangu usiku kucha, I have

my watch all night long. Sikuya k.
ya rnwisho, the last night of a
formal mourning (ma/anga). (Cf.
kesha, v., kesho, and dist. kesha for
kaisha, he has finished.)

Kesho, n. and adv., to-morrow,

the next day, the day after. K.
kuchwa, the day after to-morrow.
K. yoke, the following day. Kushinda kesho kuchwa, the third day
(also called mtondo).

kheza, khorji, kkofu, khubiri, khutuba.

*Khoja, n. a member of one of

the
two
chief
sects
of
Mahommedan
Hindoos
in
Zanzibar, the other being Bohora,
which see. (Hind.)
Ki, verb-form, (it) is, agreeing
with D 3 (S), e. g. kiti hiki kighali,
this chair is expensive.

Ki-, as an initial syllable, is in

far the greater number of words a
formative prefix, and one of the
commonest formatives in the
Kete, n. (1) a small kind of Swahili language, so common
cowry. Also a game played with that no attempt is made here to

KEFU

enumerate all the words beginning or regularly formed with

ki-. Words not found under ki- may
be looked for (1) under the letter
immediately following ki-, or (2)*
under Ch-, since ki- usually
(though not always) becomes chbefore a vowel (e. g. chungu for kiungu, but kiuttgo, not chungo), and
moreover ki- in any word is often
heard pronounced chi- among the
lower classes in Zanzibar. Ki as a
formative prefix is used (1) with
verb-stems, to form verbal nouns
denoting usually some concrete
embodiment
or
special
manifestation of the root-idea of a
non-personal kind. (Contrast the
characteristic use of u- in forming
abstract, and of m- in forming personal derivative nouns.) When ki
is prefixed, the verb-stem (a) may
retain its final -a. In this case, which
is not common, the verbal noun is
often followed by another noun
depending directly on it, e. g. kipa
mkono, kifungua mlango (denoting
presents given on special
occasions), also kifa uwongo, and
cf. kinywa, mouth, kidonda, kifaa.
Changes

{b)

final a to o, si, zi, or is followed by

-ji, e. g. kitendo, kifungo, kituo,
kicheko, kiongozi, kikohozi, kinywaji,
kipaji. Obs. also kiumbe, and chumba. This form (ki- with a verbal
root and termination -o) is not

only common, but may practically

be formed at pleasure from any
suitable root. In some cases the
word becomes specialized and
limited in meaning (e. g. kifuo, a
stake
used
for
husking
cocoanuts), but seldom loses altogether the power of including any
of the following meanings,act,
process, time, place, method,
instrument, instance or case, i. e.
some particular embodiment of
the idea conveyed by the root.
Instances of all kinds follow in
their place in the Dictionary, e. g.

130

KERIMU

kiango, limited to a kind of lampstand; kicho including a feeling of

fear, and an object feared; kipendo,

meaning love, but strictly loving

in connexion with some occasion
or particular case either of the
feeling or of the object; kikao,
kifungo, with a wide range of
meanings. Ki- is also used with
other than verb-roots with the
same general (concrete nonpersonal) meaning, e. g. kitu as
comp, with mtu, kivuli with mvuli
and uvuli, and even with reference
to ersons in such words as kizee,
kipofu, iziwi, kibeti, but see below
(3).
(2)
To form diminutives with nounstems, and as such may be used
before
any
suitable
noun
whatever, often displacing an
initial m or u, e. g. ki- toto, kipande,
kivuli, and sometimes followed by
a ji- or j-, especially with
monosyllabic roots, e. g. kijiti,

kijibwa,
kijiji,
kijana,kijwnba,
kijimno. Obs. that ki- may convey
the idea, not only (a) of relative
smallness, but (b) of relative
unimportance, e. g. kishughuli, a

small trifling business ; of

endearment, e. g. kipenzi, darling;
and of secrecy or contempt, e. g.
kishauri, a plot, kijumbe, a secret
(or private) messenger, kijitu, a
mannikin. Obs. that relative
degrees of size may be conveyed
in the case of some words by
placing
them
in
different
declensions, D 3, D 5, orD 6, e. g.
kipete, a small ring; pete, a ring of
ordinary size; pete (pi. mapete), a
large ring. (3) With noun-stems
and adjectives, to give them an
adverbial use, and also a peculiar
use as nouns, denoting the sort or
kind which the noun itself
expresses. E. g. amevaa kizungu, he
is dressed in European fashion;
alilia kisimba, he roared like a lion;
asema kigeni, he talks in a foreign
way, like a stranger. Kaa kitako, sit

on the haunches. Kiti cha kifalme, a

royal throne. Mambo ya kisasa,
modem ways. Vitu vya kikale,
antiquated, old-fashioned things
(but vitu vya kale, antiquities,
ancient things). When used
independently, this form often
denotes the language of a place or
country, e.g. kiunguja, the language of Zanzibar. To this use
may also be referred words like
kizee,
kipofu,
kilema,
&c.,
commonly used of persons, but
meaning * one of the old
generation, one of the blind sort,
&c., and perhaps kinyozi, kiongozi
(see above (1)). Ki is also used as
follows:(1) as the pfx. of all ad-

jectives
and
verbs
(both
subjective
and
objective)
corresponding to D 3
(S), e. g. kitu kiki changu kizuri
chakipendenza kitoto kile, this pretty
thing of mine pleases that little
child. (2) In verbs, ki is (a) the
characteristic of the Pres. Partic.
corresponding to the Eng. Partic.
in -ing, and may be translated
according to the context by such
words as, if, supposing, as,
when, while, though, &c. Obs.
that niki- in this use is often con-

TTTA

139

KIBABA

traded into hi, as nika- into ha. (b) ordeal. Fanya (piga, shika) k., take
Sometimes inserted before the an oath. 7'ilia (pigisha) A.,
root in Past Tense to denote an administer an oath. Ku/a A., to
imperfect, or continuing action or submit to an ordeal. Kama
state, e. g. alipokisema, while he husadiki, tule kiapo, if you do not
was still talking ; alikingoja, he believe, let us try ordeal. Viafo
was waiting. (c) Sometimes used thabiti, binding oaths. Peleka kta
for ka as a connective particle in poni, compel to swear, require to
narrative. So strongly is the ki- undergo an ordeal. Various
sound identified with its use as a kinds of ordeal are kiapo cha m
prefix in Swahili, that even when do, cha
it belongs to the root, as esp. in
words of Arabic origin, it is mkate, cha sindano, cha mibano, cha
constantly treated as a pfx., and mchelel cha kibao, &c. (Cf. apa,
changed to vi- in the Plur. of such
nouns, e. g. in the case of kitabu, ttapo, apiza, also yam ini, zitru.)
Kiarabu, n. and adv., the
kiasi, kilcle, kiberiti, and others.
Arabic language, something of
Kia, n. (via), door bar. (Cf. ki- the Arabic kind, in the Arab way.
wi, pingo, komeo.) Also as v., step (Cf. Mwarabu, and ki-.)
over.
(Seldom in Z. Cf.
Kiasi, n. (vi-) and adv., also
kiuka,
Kassi, (i) measure, quantity,
amount (cf. kadiri, kipimo); (2)
chupa.)
self-control,
*Kiada, adv. in an orderly, moderation,
distinct, intelligible way. Sema temperance (cf. kadiri, kujizuia);
(3)
a
little,
a small
k., speak slowly and distinctly.
Nielcze k., explain to me
(moderate) amount (cf. kidogo);
distinctly. (Ar.)
(4) the charge of a gun, cartridge.
Kialio, n. (vi-), stick laid Common in inquiring price,
across the bottom of a cooking K.gani? How much? What is the
pot inside, to prevent what is price? Mtu wa A., a temperate
cooked from being burnt. Dim. person, a man of moderation.
of wa/io, or perh. for kilalio. (Cf. Alimpa A., he gave him a little. As
adv. of quantity, time, or space,
ulalo, /a/a.
a
little,
e.g.
business
Kiambaza,
n.
See nenohililimeanzak.,this
began
some
time
ago.
Alikwcnda
Kiwambaza.
A., he went a little way. (Ar., the
Kianga,
n.
(vi-),
and radical ki being treated as
sometimes Kiangazi, a burst of formative, as in kitabu, &c. See
sunshine, ray of light, reflected Ki, and cf. kidogo.)
brightness,
interval
of
Kiatu, n.(zu-), native shoe,
brightness, or fine weather. (Cf.
sandal, and used of any kind
anga, tnwanga, anga/ia, &c.)
known in Z. K. cha ttgozi, leather
Kiango, n. (vi-), a small sus- sandal, flat sole with cross strap
pended stand, carrier, or support and small thong igidamu) between
(for a lamp, &c.). Dim. of the toes. (Cf. ku- bazi.) K. cha inti, a
mwango. (Cf. anga, angika, and kind of wooden clog, worn
indoors, and held on by a peg
chango, a peg.)
(rnsuruaki) between the toes.
Kiapo, n. (vi-), an oath, an Known as mtalawanda, from the
ordeal, a trial by oath or ordeal, wood used. K. cha kihindi(kizungu),
a thing sworn by, or used in Indian (Kuropean) shoe. Mshona

viatu, or mshoni wa viatic, a shoe-

maker.

Kibarango,

n.

dim.

of

mbarango, a short thick stick,

cudgel, club. Also of a stumpy,

Kiazi, n. (vi-), a sweet potntoe, thick-set person. (Cf. bakora for
root of a kind of convolvulus. different kinds of stick.)
Different kinds arc known ns kiazi
sena (white), A. kindoro (red). K.
Kibaraza, n. small seat,
cha
kizungu,
the
common bench. See Baraza.
(European) potatoc. A', kikuu,
Kibarua, n. (vi-), (1) a small
yam,also A. manga.
written note, letter, ticket. Hence
K1 baba, n. (**-), (1) a commonly (2) a day labourer of
common dry measure, about a any kind,from the ticket on
pint basin full, or a pound and a presentation of which each is
half of grain. A kibaba is half a paid. Dim. of barua, which see.
kisaga, and a quarter of a pis hi. K.
Kibata, n. dim. of (1) mb at a,
cha tele, a full, neaped up
measure. K. cha mfuto, a measure which see ; (2) bata, i.e. a
full to top only. (2) Dim. of baba. duckling,
Kibau, n. (vi-), a small board,
Kibakuli, n. (aw-), small
basin. Also a kind of millet shelf, &c. K. cha kuezekea, roofing
(intama). (Ar. Cf. bakuli, and shingle. Dim. of ubau, which see.
chungu.)

Kibawa, n. (vi-), little wing,

Kibali, n. also Iki bali, small feather, fin. Dim. of bawa,
Ukubali, acceptance, sanction, ubawa.
favour, assent. (Ar. Cf. kubali, and
Kiberiti, n. (vi-), sulphur, a
syn. urathi, ithini.).
match, a firework. Washa kiberiti,
Kibanda,n.(z//-), small hut, strike a match. Rusha viberiti, let
hovel, shed, workshop,usu. off fireworks. (Ar. Cf. fataki.)
covered, and open at the sides.
Kibete, n. (vi-), undersized
Dim. of banda.
creature (man, beast, bird), a
Kibano, n. (vi-j, small forceps, dwarf, a bantam, &c. (Cf.
split stick (for holding fish, &c. mbilikimo.)
over a fire to roast). (Cf. follg.)
Kibia, n. (vi-), a small cooking
Kibanzi. n. (vi-) and Kibanji, pot or pan, or its lid, an
splinter, chip. K. cha ukuni chali- earthenware cover. Seldom in Z.
ruka, a chip from the firewood (Cf. bia, and chungu.)
flew up. Vibanzi vya shoka, chips
Kibibi, n. (1) dim. of bibi, a
made by an axe. (Cf. banzi, bana,
little lady; (2) cramp (cf.kiharusi).
kibano.)
Mguu wangu umefanya kibibi, I have
cramp in the leg. (3) A name for
Kibao, n. See Kibau.
the peacock (taust).
. Kibapara, n. (vi-), a pauper, desKibindo, n. mode of securing
titute person. Used in contempt.
(Cf.bupuru, an empty shell, and the loincloth round the waist,by
crossing the two upper (opposite)
syn. maskini, fitkara.)
corners, and folding them back
Kibara, n. dim. of bara, a small under the cloth itself. This is
wilderness, a small patch of waste described as piga (funga, kaza)
land, &c. See Bara.
kibindo. Futika kibindoni, tuck into

TTTA

the fold of the waistcloth.

Cf. kipindo, pinda,

(?

139

KIBABA

Mahom- raedans turn in prayer,

in Zanzibar, the north. (Ar. Cf.
kabili, and kaskazi.)

pindo, upindo, and dist. ubinda,

Kibumba,
n.
(vt-),
also
uwinda.)
small packet, parcel,
Kibinja, n. (vi-), a whistle (in- Kipumba,
bunch, lump, cluster, e.g. of earth,
strument). (Cf. ttbinja.)
tobacco, thread, flour. Dim. of
Kibiongo, n. (vi-), a person bumba. Also adv., in lumps, in

bent by age or infirmity, bowed, bunches, &c.

roundshouldered (Str.). ( C f .
Kibungu, n. (vt-), small
jongo,
maongo.) earthenware dish. Dim. of bttttgu.
See
Chungu.
*
Kibunzi, n. (vi-), a sanded
Kibia, n. north. See Kibula. board,
used for predicting future
(Ar. Cf. kabili.)
events. (Cf. ramli.)
Kibobwe, n. (vi-), a broad strip
Kiburi, n. pride, arrogance,
of calico, wound tightly round the conceit,
Piga (fanya)
waist for support during work or k., show haughtiness.
off, be ostentatious, play
exercise, esp. by women.
the grandee. Mtu asiye na k. na
watu, one who does not treat
Kibofu, n. (vi-), a bladder.
people
in
a
discourteous
Kibogoshi, n. (vi-), a small bag (contemptuous, off-hand) way.
made of a skin, a leather bag, (Ar. Cf. takabari, and piga makuu,
used to carry miscellaneous tnajivttno.)
articles on a journey, money,
Kibuyu, n. (vi-), (i) a small
powder, &c.
calabash, nut of the tree mbuyu,
Kibogoyo, n. a person who is used as a jug or bucket. Dim. of

toothless, or has but few teeth. buyu. (2) A kind of fish.

(Cf. jino.)
Kibuzi, n. (vi-), a small goat,
Kiboko,
n.
(vi-),
a kid. Dim. of rnbuzi.
hippopotamus, also Boko. Viboko
Kibwana, n. (vi-), young
vya shingo, small zigzag ornament
embroidered in silk on a kanzu master. Dim. of bwana.
round the neck. See Kanzu.
Kibwe, n. (vi-), small pebble.
Dim. of tttbwe. (Cf. kijiwe.)

Kibweta, n. (vi-), small box,

Kibonde, n. (vi-), trench, deep
e.g. writing-desk,
furrow, hollow between ridges. small'case,
jewel- box, dressing-case. Dim.
Dim,
of bweta.
of bonde. Kibotidcbottdc, uneven,
Kicha, n. (vi-), k. cha ukittdtt, a
undulating, rolling country.
palm leaf as sold in bundles,
being slit into strips for
Kibua, n. (vi-), a small kind of before
plaiting. (Cf. chana, and ukittdtt.)
fish.
Kiobaa, n. craziness, lunacy,
Kibula, n. also Kibula, and
Atta k., he Is crazy.
Kibla, Kebia, the direction of madness.
Mecca, the point to which Umasi- kitti wake umemtia k., his

poverty has driven liim mad. (Cf. tnoyo, the pit of the stomach. Also
syn. wazimu.)
(2) for kitembe, which see.
Kichaka, n. (vi-), small clump
Kichikichi, n. (vi-), small nut
of trees, thicket, clump (or, heap) or kernel contained in the fruit
of brushwood, bundle of sticks. chikichi of the palm-oil tree
Dim. of chaka.
(tnchikicht).
Kichala, n. (vi-), bunch, cluster
Kichilema, n. (vi-), the heart of
of fruit. K. cha mzabibu, a bunch of the growing part at the top of a
grapes. (Cf. uchala, chana, tana.) cocoanut tree,a soft nutty
_
substance used as salad and also
cooked. Called also tnoyo wa
Kichaliohali, adv. on the back, tnnazi, kilclc cha tnnazi. See
of a supine position, i. e. Mnazi.
mgongoni. See Chali.
Kichinjo. n. act (mode,
Kichane, n. (vt'-), small operation, &c.) of slaughtering, or
splinter of wood. See Chana, v.
sacrificing an animal. Kichinjo cha
Ibrahitnu, Abrahams sacrifice (of
Kichangam*ko,
n.
(vi-), Isaac). (Cf. chinja, chittjo.)
display of gaiety, joyous outburst.
(Cf. changam'ka.)
Kicho, n. (vi-), cause (feeling,
act) of fear, danger, alarm, show
Kicheche,n.
(z-),dim. of fear. A", chake kikarttponya, his
ofcheche, which see.
panic saved him. (Cf. cha v., -cha,
uchaji. Dist.jicho.)
Kichego, n. also Kigego and
Ki- jego (which see).
Kichoohoo, n. (vi-), act, method,
Kicheko, n. (vi-), a laugh, or instrument of stirring up, e. g.
smile, giggle, grin. (Cf. chcka, (1) a poker, making up a fire,
chcko.)
stoking; (2) also fig. provocation,
Kichembe, n. (vi-), (1) dim. of taunt, provocative speech, &c.
chembe, which see. Kichembe cha (Cf. chocha, chochca, and follg.

KICHOCHO

142

KIDOKO

)Kichocho, n. (v(-), sensation, somersault. (Cf. prec.)

excitement, stimulus. Mwetiyi k.,
Kidaka, n. (vi-), (1) a cocoanut
in an excited state. (Cf. prec.)
in the first stage of growth on the
Kichochoro, n. (vi-), a narrow flower stem, before it becomes
alley or passage between native kitale (see Nazi); (2) a recess in
huts as in Zanzibar city, leaving the wall of a house, a niche,
room all round for the projecting cupboard (cf. kishubaka); (3) of
eaves and for scaffolding if the uvula,called kidaka tonge.
necessary.
(Cf.
chochoro, (Cf. daka, and similar name
mchochoro.')
kinywa mchuzi, imperial.)
Kichomi, n. (vi-), stabbing pain,
Kidamu, n. front part of
pricking sensation. (Cf. ckoma, vessel, bow,but more usual
and follg.)
omo, gubeti, which see. v. go
before, go in front. (Ar. Cf.
Kichomo, n. (vi-), act (process, takadamu, ka- damu.) .
method, instrument, &c.) of
stabbing, burning, &c. Used of
Kidanga, n. (vi-) and a., of fruit
cautery. (Cf. choma, mchomo, in a very early stage of formation,
kichomi?)
before it is even changa, e. g.
liman kidanga, etnbe k.

Kicimngu, a. bitter, of a bitter

kind. Majanikichimgu, bitter herbs.
Kidani, n. (vi-), a neck
(Cf. -chungu, uchungu.)
ornament, necklace, collar of gold
or silver, often chain work,
Kichupa. n. (vi-) also Kitupa, with large open links. (Cf. mkufu,
small bottle, phial, flask, Dim. of and urembo.)
chupa.

Kichwa, n. (vi-), also, but less

commonly in Z., heard as kitwa,
(i) the head; (2) the upper part,
top; (3) principal thing, important
part or person, prime mover,
leader, author, beginning, chief
point, source; (4) anything
resembling a head;
(5)
pain in the head ; (6) obstinacy,
pride, headiness. K. wazi, bare
head, bare headed. Una k. ? tufunge
mgomba, Have you a headache ?
let us apply a banana leaf. Kuwa
na k., kufanyd k., to be headstrong
(presumptuous, refractory). K.
kikubwa, big head, swelled head,
pride, arrogance, obstinacy. Jipa
k., pata k., be proud, &c. Mwenyi k.,
a proud, obstinate person. Kwa k.
kikubwa, in a presumptuous,
headstrong way. Kichwa kichwa,
topsy turvy, upside down.

Kidari, n. (vi-), breast, chest,

of men and animals. (Cf. kifua, of
man only.)
Kidau, n. (vi-), (1) a small kind
of native boat (see Dau) ; (2) a
small containing-vessel, pot, e.g.
kidau cha wino, an ink-pot. (Also
kidawa from Arab, dawat, inkstand. Cf. dawali, and follg.)
*Kidawati, n. small box of
writing materials, writing case.
Dim. of da- wati (which see, and
prec.). (Ar.)
Kidevu, n. (vi-), chin. Ndevu
zamwota kidevuni, a beard is growing on his chin. (Cf. udevu, and ?
-refu?)
Kidimbwi, n. (vi-) also Kidumbwi, small pool, puddle, e.g.
on the shore at low water.

Kidinga,
n.
Kidingapopo,
Kichwa-ngomba,
n.
(vi-),
turning head over heels, a dengue fever. (Cf. homa.)

Kidogo, from -dogo, which

see. Very common as (1) n. a
small piece, a morsel, a bit, a
little. Nipe k. cha mkatc, give me a
morsel of bread. (2) adv. a little,
in a small degree, on a small
scale, moderately, not much, and
of time presently, soon. Alifanya
nguvu kidogo, he exerted himself
slightly. (3) a. in a small degree,
in a small quantity, a few, a little,
e.g. watu kidogo, a few people.
Mchelt kidogo, a little rice.

Kulude, n. (yt-), dim. of dude

(which see), a little what-do-youcall- it,a nondescript thing. Kidude
gani hiki? What sort of a thing do
you call this?
Kidudu, n. (vi- , dim. of mdudu
(which sec), a small insect.
Kidugu, n. and adv. (i) dim. of

ndttgtt, little brother (cf. kibuzi and

rnbuzi, kigao and ngao) ; (a) in a

fraternal

way,

like

brothers.

Kupcttd- ana kidugu, to love as

Kidoko, n. (vi-), also Kidokezi, brothers.

(1) a click, smack. Piga k., give a
Kielezo, n. (vi-), act (process,
click with the tongue, smack the
manner, means) of showing or exlips.
plaining, explanation, pattern,
(a) A hint, sign,* secret model, illustration, comment.
Fuasa k., copy a pattern. Dim! of
suggestion. (Cf. dokeza.)
elezo. (Cf. elezo, ckelezo, elea.)
Kidolc. n. (vi-), one of the exKiembo, n. (yi-), arrow, not
tremities of the hand or foot, a
finger, a toe. Distinguished as k. often in Z. (Cf. cnembe and note, and
cha mguti, a toe, and k. cha mkono, Syn. mshale.)
Kiendeleo, n. (vi-), making a
a finger; and these further as k.
cha gumba, thumb ; k. cha shahada, forward movement, progress,
fore-finger ; k. cha kaii or kikubwa, process. (Cf. enda, endclea, &c.)

middle finger; k. cha kati ya kando,

fourth finger ; k. cha mzvisho, little
Kieneo, n. (vi-), extending,
finger. (Cf. dole, ndolc, rarely used
extent, extension. (Cf. enea, eneo.)
in Z.)
Kienezo, n. (vi-), something^to
Kidomo, n. (vi-), dim. of
(i) a little lip (beak, measure with, &c. See Chenezo.
mouth); (a) daintiness in food.
Kienge, n. (vi-), dim. of
Yutta kidomo, he is dainty.
mwenge, small torch, kindlings,
Kidonda, n. ('yi-), dim. of any small thing burning or to
donda, a small wound, sore, ulcer, burn.
breaking out. (Cf. donda, ?
Kifa, n. (i) (vi-), ki/a uwongo, the
dondoa.)
sensitive plant,lit. the deathshammer
(cf. fa)*, (a) nipple of a
Kidonge, n. (vi-) and Kitonge,
a small round mass, a small lump, gun, pan of a matchlock.
a little ball, a small mouthful (of
Kifaa, n. (vi-), a useful thing, a
food). K. cha uzi, a ball of cotton.
for
use,
personal
A', cha dawa, a pill. Dim. of thing
belongings,
household
dongc. (Cf. dongc, tonge.)
necessaries, utensil. (Cf. faa, v.,
Kidoto, n. (yt-), blinker,a and faa, tnafaa, also riziki, vyombo,
small patch or bandage of cloth, pambo.)
fastened over a camels eyes
Kifafa, n. fits, convulsions,
while working a mill. Furtga
vidoto, blindfold. (Cf. kijamanda.) epilepsy. (Perh. cf. -fa, kifa, i.e. a a
mdomo,

KICHOCHO

sort of dying.)

Kifalme, n. and adv., also Kifaume, (i) (vi-), dim. of mfalme, a

petty king; (a) royal state, of a
royal sort, e.g. kiti cha k., nguo za
k., a royal seat, royal robes; (3) in
a royal way, as a king.

142

KIDOKO

kifu, a dead thing, ufu, the state of

being dead, and syn. mauii.)

Kifu, v. be sufficient (for),

suffice, satisfy. Wanne hawakukifu,
four were not enough. Ap. kif-ia,
-iwa, e. g. amenikifia hajayangu, he
satisfied my wish. n. a
sufficient quantity, a full amount,
Kifani, n. (vi-), and Kifano, a abundance. (Ar. Cf. syn. tosha,
similar thing, that which matches, rithisha.)
a fellow, a parallel, a match, an
equal. Haina kifani, it is unique, it
Kifu, n. and adv. (i) (vi-), a
is unequalled. (Cf. mfano,fanana.) dead thing; (2) as if dead. (Cf. and
syn. tnaiti.)
Kifaranga, n. (vi-), young bird,
chick, chicken. (Cf. syn. kinda,
Kifua, n. (vi-), (1) breast,
kidege, mtoto.)
bosom, chest, pulmonary region,
usu. of man only (cf. kidari); (2)
Kifaro, n. (vi-), a rhinoceros, any chest affection, cough,
faro being seldom heard. Also (1) consumption,
pleurisy,
a stick of thick hide, used to bent pneumonia. Hawezi kifua, he has a
slaves with, and (a) a blow with chest complaint. (3) A small
such a stick, e.g. ntamtia vifaro sita, round wooden platter,used like
I will give him six cuts. (Cf. chano for washing things on, and
kiboko.)
other purposes. (Cf. fua, beat,
thump, and mafua, pafu.)
Kifaumo, n. (sec Klfalmo),
royal state, regal dignity, &c. * Kifudifudi, adv. on the face,
l*iga k., play the king.
face downwards,of position.
(Cf. fudifudi, fudikiza, kifulifuli, and
Kidcho, n. (vi-), act (process, contr. kitanitani, kichalichali.)
manner, place, &c.) of hiding,
place of concealment, a stealthy
Kifuko, n. (vi-), dim. of mfuko,
(underhand) manner. Kwa kificho, fuko (which see), small bag,
in a secret way. Matnbo ya pocket, purse.
kijichoficho, intriguings, underhand
ways. (Cf. ficha,ficho, and syn.
Kifulifuli, adv. on the face,
setiri, siri.)
face downwards. (Cf. kifudifudi.)
Kifidio, n. (vi-), ransom, fine,
Kifumba, n. (vi-), dim. of
redemption money. (Cf.Jidi,Jidia, fumba (which see), a matting bag,
and diet, ukombozi.)
sleeping sack. (Cf. follg.)
Kifiko, n. act (time, manner,
Kifumbu, n. (vi-), small round
place, circumstances, &c.) of basket or bag used for squeezing
arriving, arrival, point arrived at, grated cocoanut in, and straining
stage of journey, destination. out the juice (tut), a strainer. (Cf.
(Ci.fka.)
fumba, kifumba, See.)
Kifo,
n.
(vi-),
act
(circumstances, place, manner,
&c.) of dying, death. Hawakuonct
k. chake alikofia, they did not see
where his death took pjace. (Cf.
-fa, -fu, kifa, kifafa, a thing dying,

Kifundo, n. (vi-), (1) a knot.

Piga k. cha nguo, make a knot of a
piece of calico, tie up in ones
clothes. (2) Protuberance, joint,
as resembling a knot. K. cha jnguu,
the ankle. K. cha mkono, the wrist.

Mwili wa kifundo kifundo, i. e. with puzzle, a poser, a dilemma; (5) an

small knot-like swellings on the act of fasting, &c.; (6) bondage,

body. (Cf. fundo, fundua, and perh. slavery. (Cf. funga, and for
funda, and for ankle, wrist, kiwiko.) binding materials kamba.)
Kifungo, n. (vi-), a fastening,
act (process, method, &c.) of
fastening,
something
which
fastens. Hence a wide variety of
meanings (see Funga), defined by
the context, or by another word, e.
g. (1) button, stud, brooch,
buckle, clasp, chain, cord, or
other contrivance for fastening;
(2) prison, place of confinement,
whether chain (minyororo), fetters
(pingu), stocks (mkatale), enclosure
or cell. Peleka kifungoni, send to
prison. (3) fig. bond, charter, that
which binds (seals, cements,&c.),
e. g. Mahomet is called k. cha dint,
i.e. the force which holds religion
together, the comer stone of the
faith. Kifungo may also mean (4) a

Kifungu, n. (vi-), dim. of fungu,

a small heap (portion, part, &c.).
(Cf. funga.)
Kifungua, n. (vi-), an opener,
an unfastener. A verbal noun
governing the word following, e.
g. k. kopo, a tin-opener. K. mlango,
a present for opening a door. K.
kinwa, breakfast. (Cf. funga,
fungua, mfunguo, and follg.)
Kifunguo,n.(w-), dim. of ufunguo,
a small key (cf. prec.). Also of a
rivate key, a thiefs key, skeleton
ey (for which special meaning,
see Ki)

K1FUNIKO

145

.Kifuniko, n. (vi-), anything

which covers, (i) top, lid, cover,
case, &c.; (2) fig. concealment,
hiding. K. cha siriy concealment of
a mystery. (Cf. funika.)
Kifuuuo, n. (vi-), unfolding,
uncovering, revealing, &c., that
which unfolds, reveals, &c. (Cf.

KIGUGU

divides, a divisor, distribution,

division. So kigawanyiko, that
which
is
divided
or
distributed,share,dividend.
(Cf.
gawa, gawanya.)

Kigego, n. Sec Kijego.

Kigolegolo, n. (vi-), a peculiar

high-pitched trill, shrill scream,
used by women esp. as a sign of
Kifuo,* n. a stake fixed in the joy or triumph, welcome on
ground with a pointed end for return, at a birth, &c. (Cf. kclclc,
ripping off the husk of cocoanuts. and sha- ttgwc.)
Also dim. of mfuOy a small groove
Kigereng*enza, n. (vi-), a very
(line, mark, &c.). (Cf. fua, ufuo,
small splinter, broken piece, fragttfuko.)
ment, chip. (Cf. kigae.)
Kifupa, n. (vi-), dim. of ftipa, a
Kigeugeu,n.
a.
and
small bone.
adv.,changeable, fickle, unstable,
Kifupi, adv. and n. of a short, wayward thing or person, of a
abbreviated kind, in a brief way, a changeable kind, in an uncertain
fluctuating way. (Cf. gcuka.)
short piece. (Cf. -fupi.)
fttnuai)

Kigoe, n. (vi-), instrument for

. Kifurushi, n. (vi-), dim of fit rush
extraction, hooked stick, small
i, a small parcel, packet, bundle.
hook, crook, claw. (Cf. ng'oa,
Kifusi, n. rubbish, and esp. of ugoc.)
old materials fit for further use,
Kigogo, n. (vi-), dim. of go go,
old stones and mortar, &c.,not
used like mawe in contempt. (Cf. a small log, a block of wood, a
lump. Also adv. lala k., sleep like a
fttsia.)
log.
Kifuu. n. (vi-), (1) an empty
Kigogota,
n.
(vi-),
a
cocoanut shell; also (2) a cuttlefish bone, i.e. kifuu (ha ttgizi. (Cf. woodpecker. (Cf. gogota.) .
fuvu, and ufttu.)
Kigoli, n. (vi-), a girl, of One
growing
up,
almost
Kifya, n. (vi-), dim. form of just
marriageable, between rntoto and
jifya, which see.
mwali. Not often heard in Z.
Kigao. n. (vi-), piece of broken
n. '(vi-), dim. of
pottery, earthenware, china, glass, mgoKigomba,
* mba, small banana plant,
&c., potsherd. K. cha paa, used of banana
shopt. .
a roofing tile. (Cf. gat.)
Kigongo,
n. (vi-), dim. of
Kigaga, n. (vi-), dry hard scale,
and gongo, (1) small club,
scurf, scab. &c. (Cf. kikoko, ukoko.) mgotigo
cudgel;
Kiganda, n. (vi-), dim. of
ganda. K. cha mkate, outside crust
of bread (opp. to nyarna, the
crumb.)

Kigawanyo,

n. that which

( 2 ) hump, hunch, ridge,

projection.
Hence
kigongo,
or
mwenyi
kigongo, a hunchback, a
deformed
person.

Kigongo

cha

mountain ridge.

rnlima,

( 3 ) A seam,in sewing.
Kigosho, n. (vi-), bend, crook,

Kiguu, n. (vi-), dim. of rnguu,

(i) a leg or foot disabled or
shortened by injury or disease,
&c., a stump, a clubfoot; (2) a
person so disabled or disfigured,
one who is lame, crippled, unable
to walk;. (3) anything like a leg or
leg-shaped, e. g. one of four
little feet * or projections worked
on either side of the mjusi (lizardornament) on the front of a native
kanzu,also called kipaji. See
Kanzu. (Kijigtiu is also dim. of

curve, esp. when abnormal, a deformity.

Nhnetckctca
rnoto
nikafanya k. cha tttkono, I burnt
myself, and got a bent arm. Mtu
mwenyi k. (cha migutt), a knockkneed man. Fimbo hii ina k this
stick has a crook in it. (Cf. kombo, mgtiu.) '
kikombo, kipindi.)

Kiguba, n. (vi-), dim. of guba

(which see), a small bunch of
aromatic leaves, containing often
rihatti (sweet basil) sprinkled with
dalia (a fragrant powder), and tied
with a strip of tttkadi leaf, i. e.
from the pattdanus tree (Str.).

Kiguzo, n. (vi-), dim. of nguzo,

(1) small post, pillar, stake,
palisade, prop; (2) anything
serving a similar purpose, literally
or fig.support, prop, comfort,
assurance, &c.

Kigwe, n. (vi-), dim. of ugwe,

small cord, string, braid, piping
Kigudulia, n. (vi-), dim. of on the edge of a dress, a rein. (Cf.
gudu- lia, a small jar or pitcher, kitani, uzi, kamba.)
small water cooler of porous
earthenware.
Kihame, n. (vi-), a deserted
house (village, district). (<jf.
Kigugu, n. and adv. (1) a small hama, ma- hame, -e being a passive
weed 05 wild plant (cf. gugu); (2) termination.)
like a weed, like weeds, in a wild
uncultivated way, e. g. nyumba hizi
Kiherehere, n. (1) palpitation,
zime- jengwa k., these houses are confused movement, e. g. k. cha
built like weeds,all hnddled moyo, palpitation of the heart; (2)
together. Panda k., plant too close trepidation, bustle, anxiety.
together.
*Kihindi, n. and adv. (1) the
Kigugumizi, n. stammering, Hindoo language, Hindostani; (2)
stuttering, speaking in jerks or of the Hindoo kind, -a kifiindi,
gulps,
&c./
described
as Indian. (Cf. Mhindi.)
kigugumizi cha maneno, or maneno
ya kigugumizi. (Cf. gugumiza.)
Kihori, n. (vi-), dim. of hori,
(1) small gulf, inlet; (2) small
Kigunda, n. (vi-), dim. of (Indian) canoe.
gunda, horn, war-horn.
Kiinamizi,
n.
bending,
Kiguni, n. (vi-), dim. of guni, a stooping down,as for work.
small strong matting bag, often Nyamaya k., i. e. a butchers
used for bringing dates to Z.
perquisite of meat. (Cf. inama,
jinamizi.)
Kigutu, n. (yi-), stump of a
tree, also of a human limb,
Kiini, n. (vi-), innermost part of
injured or deformed. (Cf. kikono, a thing, and so (1) kernel or stone
kiguu.)
of fruit, e.g. the inner part of a
clove (garafuu), when the outer

K1FUNIKO

145

KIGUGU

skin is removed after soaking in work. (Cf. kidoto and kinga.)

water; (2) the yolk of an egg, kiini
Sijamba, n. (vi-), a small rock.
cha yai; (3) the heart or hard core
of a tree, called also moyo wa Dim. of mwamba, which see.
mti, esp. if soft, nutty, or pithy; (4)
Sijana, n. (vi-), dim. of mwana,
pupil of the eye, cf. mboni. (Cf.
meaning generally, a young
ini, and syn. moyo.)
person male or female, but also
Kiini-macho, n. (vi-), also Mk., with special meanings, as
a conjurer, a conjurers trick, youthfulness is viewed in
sleight
of hand,
jugglery. reference to (i) age, (a) relationDistinguished from tiganga, e. g. ship, (3) physical development,
huyu si mganga, ni k., this man is (4) social position. (1) As to age,
not a real medicine man, but a the kijana has ceased to be an
juggler. Mganga ame- fanya k., the mtoto mchanga, and is not yet mtu
medicine man used a jugglers mzitna, though still an mtoto. Mtoto
trick. (Perh. cf. prec., also inika akipata rniaka saba, amekuwa k.
mwenyi akili, when a child is seven
for root, and jicho.)
years old, he is a kijana and come
Kiinua, n. that which raises up, to years of discretion. Amekuwa k.,
verbal governing a word aweza ku- sema, he is a kijana, he
following, e. g. kiinua mgongo, that can speak for himself. IVewe k.,
which raises the back, gratuity to sisi watu wazima, you are a kijana,
one who has been bending over we are gTOwn-up people. (2) . As
his work. (Cf. kinyosha mgongo, to relationship, kijana means
and ki.)
merely
son
or
daughter.
Kiisha, adv. for Ikiisha, also
Ki- sha, this ended; afterwards,
next, moreover, and besides, in
fine, finally. Huyu ni mbaya k.
mchawi, this man is a scoundrel
and
moreover
a
wizard.
(Fromfr^a,v. Ci.mwisho, hatima,
baada.)

Kiitiko, n. (vi-), and Kiitikio,

response, musical refrain. (Cf. ita,
v.)
Kijakazi, n. (vi-), a young slave
girl, a poor slave, woman. (Cf.
mjakazi, and mtumiva.)

IVakaomba kwa Mu- uttgu kupata k.,

and they prayed to God that they

might have offspring fa child). K.
cha Sul tan i, the Sultan's son. (3)
As to physical development k.
means any one in full vigour and
capable of bearing arms, i.c. from
boyhood till past the prime of life,
as contr. with mtoto on one side,
and mzee on the other, and
practically synonymous with
mzima. (4) Ak to social relations,
k. means a dependent, servant,
slave. It is also used of the
master of the house with
reference to his own property (cf.
use of mwana for mistress of the
house/ i.c. perhaps heir of the
house and so rightful owner). (Cf.

Kijaluba, n. (vi-), small narrow

metal box, often used for mwana, jana, bwana.)
aromatic substances, and carried
on the breast by women.
Kijamanda, n. (vi-), small box
or basket of thick stiff plaited
work, made .of leaf-strips dyed
various colours. Many come from
Madagascar. (a) A small basketwork blinker, or cover fastened
over the eyes of a camel while at

Kijego, n. rvi-), also Kichego, a

child which develops its upper
teeth
first,
and
therefore
considered unlucky, and often
exposed or put to death by the
relations. Alikuwa k., alitanguliza
kuota meno ya juu, he was an
unlucky child, his upper teeth
grew first. (Cf. chego, and jino,
also syn. timvi, timji.)
Kijembe, n. (vi-), dim. of

Hana k. ttawe, he bears you no

malice. IVangariza wana vijicho
sana, their eyes glare with envy
and hate. (Cf. ttwivu, hasidi, roho,
tamaa.)

Kijichwa, n. (vi-),
kiehwa, a small head.

dim. of

Kijiguu, n. (vi-), dim. of mguu,

a small foot. (Dist. kiguu.)

Kijiji, n. (vi-), dim. of mji, a

small town, village, hamlet. (Cf.
( 1 ) small
cutting syn. kitongoji.)
instrument, penknife,
Kijiko, n. (vi-), a young female,
lancet (cf. kijisu, and
human or other. (Cf. ke, and jike.)
jembe, kiembe) ;

jembe,

Kijiko, n. (vi-), dim. of mwiko,

( 2 ) ? fig. of cutting,
sarcastic,
ironical (1) a small spoon ; (2) a small
stove,
or fire-place. (Cf. jiko.)
language, i. e. maneno
ya kijembe, sema kijembe.
Kijineno, n. (vi-), dim. of nerio,
Kijia, n. (vi-), also Kinjia, dim. a silly little speech, childs prattle.
of njia, little path, track, &c. (Cf.
*Kijiri, n. (vi-), also Chichiri, a
njia.)
bribe, hush-money. (? Ar. Cf.
Kijiboko, n. (vi-), dim. of ijara, ajiri, and syn. m/ungula,
ktboko (boko being seldom heard in rushwa.)
Z.), a small hippopotamus.
Kijiti, n. (vi-), dim. of mti, a
Kijicho, n. (vi-), dim. of jicko, small tree, bush, shrub, small
(1) a sly (sidelong, envious, pole, piece of wood, peg, stick. .
malignant, evil) glance; (2) envy, (Cf. mti, and dist. kid, a scat.)
malice, ill will. Fanya k., be
envious, be jealous. Yuna k. rohotii, Kijito, n. (r;-), dim. of mto, small
he feels envious, he is jealous. river, brook, stream, rivulet

KIJITU

148

KIKAPO

.(Cf. into, jito, juto, and dist. kito, a

Kijumbe, n. (vi-), a special or
jewel.)
.
secret messenger, a go-between, a
matchmaker. (Cf. mjumbe, jumbe,
Kijitu, n. (vi-), dim. of mtu, a
little man. Also in contempt, man- -e being a passive termination. Cf.
nikin, or in disgust, e.g. Ewe kijitu mtume'.)
kiovu, Oh you wicked wretch. (Cf.
Kijungu, n. (vi-), a small
mtu,jitu, and dist. kitu, a thing.)
cooking pot. (For ki-ji-ungu.
Kijivi, n. (vi-), n. and adv., a Ci.jungu, chungu, &c.)
thievish person, thief, brigand;
Kijusi, n. (vi-), an act (case, inand, in a thievish (sneaking,
underhand) way. (Cf. mwivi, iba, stance, &c.) of defilement, a
particular (legal, ceremonial,
and jivi.)
physical) impurity. (Cf. -jitsi,
Kijiwe, n. and adv. (vi-), dim. ujusi.)
of jiwe, a small stone, like a stone.
Kijuto, n. (vi-), for usual kijito,
Kijogoo, n. (vi-), dim. of jogoo, dim. of into, a small river. (For kiji-uto. Cf. kijoyo, for kimoyo.)
(0 a small cock, a bantam cock;
Kijuujuu, n. and adv. See Juu.
(2) a kind of shell-fish (Str.).
Kijuvi, n. (vi-), an impertinent
Kijoli, n. (vi-), set of slaves be- child, a bit of impertinence, a
longing
to
one
master, saucy remark. (Cf. -juvi, ujuvi,jua,
establishment, domestic staff, v.)
domestics as a body. (Cf. nijoli,
ujoli, and mtuinwa.)
Kikaango, n. (vi-), small
frying- pan. (Cf. kaanga, kaango.)
Kijombo, n. (vi-), dim. of
chombo, a small sailing ship, a
Kikaka, n. and adv. (vi-), (1)
small vessel. (For ki-ji-ombo, dim. of kaka, a bit of rind or peel;
chombo being for kb ombo.)
(2) hastiness, bustle, hurry, in a
hurry. Mbonayoafanya k. ? Why are
Kijongo, n. (vi-), a hump- you in such a hurry ? (Cf. kaka.)
backed person, &c., like kigongo.
Kikalasha,
n.
(z/z-),dim.
(For ki-ji-ongo. Cf. jongo, mgongo, oikalasha, small tusk of ivory. (Cf.
kigongo, kibiongo.)
Kijoyo, n. (vi-), dim. like
kimoyo,
small heart, Slight
inclination, hankering. (For ki-jioyo, kimoyo. Cf. moyo with plnr.
mioyo, and nyoyo, indicating a
form noyo for moyo.)

pembe, bori.)

Kikale, n. and adv., old style,

antique fashion, an antiquated
thing, out of date, of the past, -a
kikale, old- fashioned. (Cf. kale,
and contr. kisasa, up to date.)

Kikambo, n. the relation of

Kijukuu, n. (vi-), great-grande.g.
child, dim. of mjukuu, which see. stepparent and child,
babayakikambo, step-father. (Cf.
kambo.)
Kijumba, n. (vi-), a small
house, dim. of jumba.
(For
Kikao, n. (vi-), act (place, time,
ki-ji-umba.
style, form) of sitting, dwelling,
See Kaa. Hence various
Cf. juniba, nyumba, chumba, i.e. ki- &c.
meanings, e.g. (1) sitting, seat,
umba, kinywnba.)

dwelling-place, habitat (cf. makao,

makazi,
masikani)',
(2) stay,
duration of residence, season of
residence; (3) posture, position,
ofacz,&\gm\.y(ci.mahali,ckeo,daraja)',

( 4 ) style of living, social

standing,
place
in
society, conduct (cf.
maisha, niwencndo)\ (5)
society, club, mess, set
(cf. chama, jamaa), e. g.
k. chake Unguja, he lives
in Zanzibar. K. cha
mizinga, the place where
cannon
are
kept,
battery. Katika k. chao
wali- chokaa, in their
company,
at
their
meeting. Sipendi k.
chake, I do not like the
way he goes on. (Cf.
kaa, and syn. as above.)
Kikapo, n. (vi-), a wide-mouthed
flexible basket of plaited leafstrips or grass, with two small
handles, used for all purposes in
Z.,made mostly by Sheheri
Arabs. (Other kinds are kapo,
kanda, jamanda, tunga,
dohani,pakacha, ungo,kiteo, kunguto,
kifumbu, and cf. nifuko.

KIJITU

148
)

KIKAPO

KIKOKO

Kikariri, n. and adv.,

repetition, repeated action,
saying over and over again,
repeatedly. (Cf. kariri, and for
adv. marra kwa marra, marra
nyingi, tena tta tena.)

kali), one leading from the 149

bowl (bort) holding tobacco
(tumbako) into the water, the
other (shilatnu) from the kiko to

the mouthpiece through which

the smoke is drawn. The
bubbling of the water is called
malio ya kiko. Other simpler
pipes consist of a hollow reed
and earthenware bowl only, e. g.

'Kikasiki, n. (vi-), dim. of kasiki, tosa.

small pitcher.
Kiko, verb-form, (it) is there,
agreeing with D 3 (S), the
Kikawe, n. (vi-), a very tiny
ki and locative -ko, which
stone. (Cf. kijiwe,jiwe, kawe, pfx.
see.
rnbwe.)

Kikoa, n. (yi-), (1) a meal

eaten in common, provided by
each of those who join in it by
turns, a common table, a mess,
boarding together. Kula k., to
have meals in common, also
Kike, n. and adv. (seldom vike kula chakula cha shirika, as is
in plur., for usual -a kike, or done when fopd is scarce,
vijike), a female of any kind, weather unseasonable, &c. I Vat
anything of feminine style, u wala kikoa majira ya vtasika,
womanly behaviour (usually people mess together during the
meaning weakness, timidity, rainy season. Leo k. changu, it is
to provide the meal tofoolishness), like a woman, in a my turn
T
feminine way, e. g. tvatoto wa k., day. A ikila k., ntalipa ttitti rnkata
girls. !ftu wa k., a womanish, tttno? If I join the mess, how
weak, unmanly person. Lanya k., shall I pay when I have not a
act like a woman. Satt/i ya k., a penny ? (Contr. kula bia, where
shrill, treble voice. a. from each person provides a share at
-ke, agreeing with D 3 (S), e. g. each meal.) (2) dim. of koa,
kijana kike, a young woman. (Cf. small flat ring or band of metal,
-ke, jike, hike, uke, kijike, and used of the ornamentation of
scabbards, also of anklets and
contr. -ume, kiume.)
bracelets. (Cf. koa, ukoa, and
Kikebe, n. (yi-), dim. of tnkebe, pete, kikuku.)
small pot, mug, canister.
Kikofl, n. (vi-), the inside of
Kikeukeu,
n.
convulsive the hand, what would lie on the
sobbing, hiccup. (O. kekevn, and unturned hand, a handful. (Cf.
kofi, ukoji, also cJtopa, kottzi.)
kwikwi.)
Kikaza, n. (yi-), a thing which
tightens, strengthens, holds
together, but esp. of a board,
pole, or beam over a window or
doorway.. (Cf. baza, bazo.)

Kikohozi, n. (vi-), a cough, fit

Kikingo, n. (yi-), something to
coughing,also
of
parry or defend oneself with, of
means of warding off, screen, consumption, phthisis. (Cf.
defence, fender. (Cf. kinga, kohoa, ukohozi, kohoo.)
ukittgo.)
Kikoi, n. (vi-), white calico

with coloured borders in cotton

silk or both,used fo'r loincloths
in great variety under many
names. A*, cha Ulaya, bordered
shirtings,in trade.
Kikoka, n. (yi-), blade or shoot
of a grass used as forage. See
Ukoko.
Kikoko, n (vi-), dim. of koko,
mkoko, and ukoko (which sec), a bit
of hard, dried stuff, and so of a
scab, or scurf. (Cf. kigaga.

Kikomba, n. (i) njaa ya

kikomba, or ya kukomba, ravenous

hunger, that, makes a man

148
KIKAPO
scrape up KIJITU
and sweep off
everything (cf. komba). Also )
kikomba cha njaa, i. e. makazo ya she has lost a hand (arm) (cf.
njaa, intense hunger. (2) Dim. of kiguu) ; (2) anything resembling
komba, a small galago.
a small hand, e. g. projecting
prow of a vessel, guard of a
Kikombe, n. (z/z-), dim. of sword-handle, small stalk or
kombe, a small dish, used tendril of plants and flowers,
commonly of a cup or basin, or tentacle or feeler of fish or
mug of any material, k. cha chai, insect.
tea-cup. K. cha bilauri, tumbler,
wine-glass, also k. cha nuru, i. e.
Kikonyo, n. (vi-), like kikono,
transparent, bright, polished. K. e.g. of a stalk, vikonyo vya
cha fetha, silver goblet. (Cf. garafuu, clove-stalks.
koniba, kombe, i. e. a vessel
scraped or hollowed out, -e being
Kikope, n. (vi-), eyelid. ' (Cf.
a passive termination, also kopo, ukope, kope, kopesa.)
kikopo, and for such vessels
Kikopo, n. (vi-), dim. of kopo,
generally chombo.)
small vessel, pot, jug, mug, esp.
Kikombo, n. and adv., a small of metal. Used of spouts for
crooked, hook-shaped, or curved carrying off water from a roof,
thing, e. g. a small curved gouge- &c.
shaped tool; also, a small bend,
Kikorombwe, n. (vi-), signal
curve, irregularity, deflection,
defect, fault, flaw. As adv., in a cry, call,made by blowing
crooked, irregular way. (Cf. into the hand or through the
kofnba, v., kombe, ukombo, and syn. fingers.
pindo, mzingo,
Kikosi, n. (vi-)', (1) the back
Kikomo, n. (z/z-), (1) stop, of the neck, nape, i. e. nyumaya
stopping, stoppage, place or time shingo, below the kishogo, nape,
of stopping, cessation, end; (2) . and kogo, back of the head; (2)
cha uso, forehead, brow, i. e. ZZM also kikozi, company, band,
ulipo- koma, pasipomea nyele, mbele troop, esp. of soldiers or armed
ya uso, juu ya ?nacho, where the men. (Cf. ukosi.)
face ends, the hairless part in
Kikotama, n. (vi-), dim. of
front over the eyes. (Cf. koma,
ukomo, &c., and. syn. mwisho, ko- tama, small curved knife,
garden- or pruning-knife. (Cf.
kusvnama.)
shembea,
and for
knives
Kikondoo, n. and adv. (1) a generally kisu.)
small sheep, lamb; (2) like a
Kikoto, n. (vi-), and Chikoto,
sheep, unresistingly, meekly,
calmly. Kufa kikondoo ndiko kufa
( 1 ) a whip of plaited grass,
kiungwana, to die like a sheep is to
leaf- strips, or bark
die like a hero. (Cf. kondoo.)
fibre, used by schoolmasters, overseers, &c.
Kikongwe, n. (z/z-), a person
(cf. mjeledi);
bent and bowed with age, a very
old person, esp. (like z2^) an
(
2
)
plait of hair. Piga
old woman. Sometimes used, as
(songa) vi- koto, plait.
intensive and descriptive, with
zz<?. (Cf. konga, kongwe,
Kikozi, n. (vi-), and Kikosi,
kongwa, and kibiongo.)
company, band, troop, esp. of
Kikono, n. (z/z-), dim. of soldiers or armed men. (Cf.

jeshi.)

projection of the nail, nail-paring.

Kikuba, n. (vi-), (t) see Kikuku, n.(vi-), (i)ring, usually of

Kiguba ; (2) dim. of kuba, small
vault, dome, cupola, arched roof. metal, worn on arm or wrist, armlet, bracelet. Also used of an ankAlso as adv., like a dome, &c.
Kikucha,
n.
(vi-),
also let of same kind. K. cha kupwndia
Kikuchya, Kikuchia, dim. of frasi, a stirrup. K. cha pingu, a
ukucha, a bit of the nail, a little handcuff. (Cf. furungu, banagiri

kckte, and urcmbo.) (2) Dim. of

kuku, a small fowl, chicken,

bantam.

KIKUKTJU

151

KILEO

n. and adv., a thing ,fari k., a journey on foot, i.e. kwa

old, wom out, past work, useless. miguu.
-a kikukuti, wom out. See -Kukuu.
Kilalo, n. {vi-), (1) campingKikulia, n. {vi-), a thing or or sleeping-place on a journey
person that *has grown up at a (cf. kituo, karnbi); (2) a sleepingplace,not bom at a place, shelter, e. g. a few sticks resting
which is kizalia. (From ki and Ap. on forked uprights, and carrying
form of kua, kulia. Cf. kimelea.)
some grass as a covering. (Cf.
lala, ulalo.)
Kikumbatio, n. {vi-), embrace.
(Cf. kumbatia, and syn. ambiso.)
Kilango, n. {vi-), dim. of mlango, a small door, narrow
Kikumbo, n. {vi-), thrast, entrance, small opening, pass,
shove, jostling. Piga k., thrust strait. K. cha bahari, a strait. K.
away, shove aside, push by, cha jaha, the strait gate of
nudge with the elbow. Pigana Paradise.
vikumbo, of rough hustling,
horseplay. (Cf. kitmba, and songa.)
Kile, a. dem. that,agreeing
with D 3 (S). (Also Imperat.
Kikundi, n. {vi-), dim. of kutidi, form of -la, e. g. kitoto kilc kikih
small company, group, knot, kile kileji, let that little child eat
herd. (Cf. kikosi.)
that cake.)
Kikundu, n. {vi-), rump, dim.
Kileji, n. {vi-); a round flat
of mktindu.
wheaten cake (Str.).
Kikungu, n. {vi-), dim. of mkuKilele, n. {vi-), top, point,
npt, small earthenware cooking peak, pointed end, pinnacle, e. g.
pot, also the lid of such a pot. k. cha mlima, the top of the
(Cf. chomboy cbuttgit.)
mountain. Also of plants and
trees, k. cha mnazi kikachanua, the
Kikuta, n. (vi-), dim. of ukuta, shoot
of
the
cocoanut
small stone wall, parapet, blossomed. (DisL kelele.)
masonry, partition.
Kilema, n. {vi-), (1) a
Kikuti, n. {vi-), dim. of kuti, the deformity, defect, blemish; (2) a
tip of a cocoanut leaf, i. e. ticka ya deformed or disfigured person.
kuti. See Kuti. (2) Chance, hap, Si vema kuchcka k., it is not well to
luck, an incident, event, accident, mock at deformity. K. wa jicho, a
occurrence. Kikuti chema, a happy one:eyed man, i. e. chottgo. (Cf.
chance. (Cf. kuta, v., and syn. tu- kiwete, kiziwi, ki- pofu, kibiongo,
kio, tiasibu, bahati.)
&c.)
Kikwapa, n. {vi-), (1) armpit.
Kilemba, n. {vi-), (1) a cloth
Also various things connected wom as a wrapper round the
with, or resembling the armpit; head, a turban,the style of
(2) the smell of the armpit; (3) folding and wearing being
the perspiration of the armpit; according to the rank, dignity,
(4) the gore of a native dress &c. of the wearer, often of silk,
{kartzu) under the armpit. ' and costly. Piga k., wear a turban.
Hence kisibau cha k., an armpit (2) fig. gratuity at the end of a
tunic, i. c. sleeveless, stopping at job, apprenticeship, course of
the armpit. Kikwapa cha tanga, teaching, &c. (cf. ada, bakshishi,
part of a sail.
Kikukuu,

Kikwata, n. and adv. {vi-), dim.

ujito), (3) Crest, e. g. k. cha jogoo,

cocks comb. (Cf. shutigi, kishungi.)

Kilombwo, n. {vi-), great-greatgrandchild. (Cf. kitiittgina, .kijukuu, mjttkuu

Kiloo, n. {vi-), (1) state or case

of
intoxication,
staggering,
reeling, &c.; (2) anything
intoxicating or narcotic, c. g.
potnbt, mvit/yo, tembo,

KIKUKTJU

151

batigi,, kasumba, &c. K. kimempata,

he is under the influence of liquor.

(Cf. ulevi, levy a.)
Kilete, n. (vi-), (i) metal rowlock, crutch, for an oar (cf. kishwara); (2) stick used for twisting
in native ropemaking. (Cf.
kisongo.)

KILEO

Kilinda, n. (vi-), verbal noun of

Hilda, guard, protector, governing
a noun follg., e. g. kilinda chozi, the
tear-guard, i. e. the pendulous end
of a cluster of banana fruits, with
a pearly drop of moisture at the
tip. (Cf. linda, mlinzi, and kilindo.)
Kilindi, n. (vi-), a place of deep
water, a deep channel, a deep. (Cf.

Kilicho, verb-form, which is, lindi.)

agreeing with D 3 (S), i.e. pfx. ki-,
Kilindo, n. (vi-), (1) act
li, is, and relative cho, agreeing
(process, means, &c.) of guarding,
with same.
protection, guard, charge, care. Tu
Kilifu, n. (vi-), also sometimes katika k. cha Muungu, we are in
Kidifu, and Ndifu, the cloth-like God's keeping. (2) A watchmans
envelope of fibre binding the platform in a plantation; (3) a
young leaves of the cocoanut shelter (from rain, sun, &c.). (Cf.
round the growing stem. (Cf. Hilda, mlinzi, Undo, and Ar. syn.
hamaya.)
mnazi, and madifu.)
Kilinge, n. (vi-), mystery,
Kilili, n. (vi-), dim. of ulili, a
puzzle, trick. Maneno ya k., dark,
small bedstead. (Cf. kitanda.)
unintelligible utterances, i. e.
Kilim a, n. (vi-), dim. of mlima, maneno ya fumbo, or ya mifano. K.
hill, eminence, rising ground, cha mganga, hocus pocus.
mound, ascent. Also name of a
Kilingo, n. (vi-), (1) a notch cut
kind of evil spirit.
as a mark, a blaze on trees to
Kilimi, n. (vi-), dim. of ulimiy (1) show the way ; (2) (? for kilindo) a
a little tongue ; (2) bad or abusive watchmans platform, a shelter ;
style of speaking, -ki being here (3) a carpenters shed for shaping
depreciative as in kidomo. Ana k., timber, logs, &c. (Cf. linga,
he uses abusive language. (CL ulingo.)
mlimi, mwambi.)

Kilimia, n. the Pleiades (constellation). K. ikizama kwa jua huznka kwa mvna, if the Pleiades set
in fine weather, they rise in rain.
(For stars cf. nyota, sayari.)
Kilimo, n. (vi-), (1) hoeing, and
so the care of a plantation
generally, i. e. cultivation,
agriculture ; (2) products of
cultivation, produce, crop. Mwaka
hun watu wameongokewa na kilimo ,
this year people have succeeded
well in their cultivation. Vilimo
vinasongana, the crops are too
crowded, are planted too close.
(Cf. lima, mlima, mkulima, &c.)

Kilio, n. (vi-), (1) sounding, a

sound,
crying,
weeping,
mourning, a cry, scream, shout,
dirge ; (2) a subject for mourning,
a sad thing. Also dim. in contrast
with inlio, Ho, i. e. kilio kidogo.
Nyamazisha k., put a stop to
mourning.
Tia
k.,
cause
lamentation.
Amepeleka
k.
matangani, he has contributed a
wail to the mourning.
*Killa, a. also Kulla, every (as
a rule with a singular noun only,
and unlike all other adjs. in
Swahili with its noun following
it). K. mtu, every one. K. siku, daily,

day by day. K. aendako, wherever

he goes. K. atakapo, whenever he
likes. Occasionally with Plur. k.
watu wakaenda zao, all the people
went away.
*Kiluthu, n. velvet.
Kima, n. a kind of monkey.
(For other kinds cf. iiyani, tumbili,
mbega, ndegele.)

*Kima, n. (vi-), (1) price, value,

e.g. .kima chake kadiri gani ? How
much is it? and cf. kem. (2) Measure, stature, height, and cf. kimo.
(Ar. Cf. (1) kimo, kadiri, kiasi,
thamani; (2) kipimo,urefu, ukubwa.)

KIKUKTJU

151

KILEO

countrified (rude, unpolished)

way. -a k.t countryfied, vulgar. (Cf.

Kimacho, adv. wide awake, in skamba.)

a wakeful condition, on the watch.
Lola (kaa) k., lie (remain) awake. Kimbia, v. run, run away, make
(Cf. jicAo, macho, kesha.)
haste, fiy (from), escape (from).
Kimaji,adv.and a., like water, Akimbiaye hawazi giza, wala haotti
wet, damp, watery, swampy. Also jua, one who runs does not think
-a ki- maji. (C {.maji, majimaji,
of the darkness, or sec the
ruticba.)
sunlight. Adui walikimbia, the
Kimanda. n. (vi-)f an omelette enemy fled. Mtoto amemkimbia
(of eggs, &c.). (Cf. maatidasi.)
simba, the boy ran away from
Kimandu, n. {vi-), a strip of (escaped from) the lion. With ji,
wood, fixed inside a native doorframe at top and bottom, with hide oneself away, be hidden, be
holes in which the pivots of the out of view, c. g. mji uliojikimbia, a
door-valves turn.
village concealed from view. Ps.
Kimanga, n. and adv., kimbiwa. l>e run from, be escaped
something Arabian, of the Arab from. Nt. kimbika, e. g. allow of
kind. Hence ( i ) the Arab language, running (escape, &c.). Ap.
(2) a particular kind of grain.
Serna (Jua) k., speak (know) 'kimbilia, run to (for, in, after, &c.,
Arabic. Jiwe la k., a hard stone but not as a rule, run away from),
used for sharpening tools on or overtake, take refuge with, have
grinding com, &c., a whetstone, a
grinding stone,also jiwe la recourse to, fall back upon, go on
manga, and kirnango. (See Manga, an errand for; c. g. mbuzi hao wataand cf. syn. kiarabu.)
kimbia kukimbtlia mama yao, these
Kimashamba, n. and adv., kids will run off to find their dam.
something of a country kind, Kimbilia roho, run for (to save)
rustic vulgar dialect, in a
one

syote, the typhoon threw down all

the cocoanut trees and houses.
(Cf. thdruba, tufane, chamchela.)
Kimelea, n. (vi-), a plant which
grows of itself, a. self-sown plant,
an indigenous plant, a parasitic
plant (growing on to some other).
Jamii ya vimelea, the whole flora
(indigenous plant-life) of a place.
* (Cf. mea, mmea, also kikulia,
kizalia.)

Kimeta, n. (vi-), also Kimete,

sparkling, sparkle, glitter, lustre,
shining. E. g. k. cha jua, sparkling
radiance of the sun. K. cha%
upanga, the glitter of a sword. Also
in the form kimeti, kimetiriieti,
kimerimeti, of anything sparkling,
spangle, tinsel, and esp. of fireflies, glow-worms. (Cf. met a, and
kimulimuli, kianga.)
Kimia, n. (vi-), a circular
casting netof light fine twine.
Also used to describe netting,
network, lace, cambric, &c., i.e.
nguo ya kimia. -a kimia, of network,
netted. (For nets cf. wavu,jarifa.)
Kimio, n. (vi-), something in
the throat, and so (i) uvula; (2) a
throat affection,used to describe
quinsy, croup, abscess in the
throat, enlarged uvula or tonsils,
&c.,as kifita, of chest affections
generally. (Cf. umio, and roho,
koo.)

*Kimo, n. (pi-), (1) measure,

stature, height, depth; (2) a
measuring rod, tape, foot rule. K.
cha mtu, a mans height. Akupita k.,
he is taller than you. Maji ya k.,
deep water. K. cha inti, a piece of
wood to measure with. (Ar. Cf.
kima, of which kimo is a modified
form. Dist. kimo, as verb-form,
it is in (within, inside),pfx.
kiagreeing with D 3
(S), and locative -mo, which see.)

life. Kimbilia pesa, run races for

money. So Ps. kimbiliwa, be run to
(for, after, &c.), be a refuge
(asylum, resource), and Nt.
kimbilika. With ji, e. g. wain
wakajikimbilia, the people took to
their heels,of a promiscuous,
shameful flight, every one for
himself. Hence kimbil-iza, -izwa,
cause to run on, make go fast,
hurry, hasten, do in a hurry, do
rashly (precipitately, carelessly)
like endeleza, but more
emphatic, e. g. kimbiliza maneno,
talk too fast, talk recklessly
(foolishly, at random, without
thinking). Kimbiliza jipu, open an
abscess too soon, treat it
prematurely. Kimbiliza udongo, be
quick with the clay, before it gets
too dry and hard to use. Kimbiliza
kazi, hurry on the work. Cs. kimbiza, -izwa, cause (encourage, allow,
&c.) to run, put to flight, allow to
escape, help in escaping, drive
away, pursue. Alikimbiza roho yoke,
he saved his life. Akimbiza mtoto
asije kuuawa, he saves the child
from being put to death. Kimbiza
purula, run in front of a donkey,
asa slave does before his Arab
master, when riding. Hence
kimbiz-ia, -iwa, e. g. ameni- kimbizia
watumwa wangu, he has got all my
slaves to run away from me. Also
kimbizarta, e. g. wain wakakimbizana
kuenenda, the people encouraged
each other to push on quickly.
(Cf. mbio, on which kimbia
appears to be formed, mkimbiti,
kimbilio.)

Kimbio, n. and adv.,at a

running pace, with speed, at full
speed, hastily, also ktmbiombio.
Sec Mbio, and Kimbio.
Kimbizi, n. and adv., similar
to kimbio. Maji ya kimbizi, a swift
current. (Cf. prec.)
Kimbunga n. (ri-), typhoon,
hurricane,csp. the famous and
exceptional typhoon at Zanzibar
on April 15, 1S72, often used as
an epoch in reckoning time.
Kimbunga kikaangusha mittazi na
majumba

KIMELEA

154

Kimoyo, n. also Kimoyomoyo, something affecting the

heart, e.g. (1) heartailment, heart
disease; (2) a feeling,esp. fear,
indignation, passion; (3) term of
endearment,
favourite,
sweetheart (cf. kipenzi, mchumba).
(Cf. moyo.) '
Kimrima,

n.

the

dialect

aiMrima, i.e. the. dialect of Swahili

spoken on the coast adjacent to Z.

(Cf. Mrima.)
Kimulimuli, n. (vi-\ fire-fly,
glow-worm. (Cf. mulika, and kimeti.)

Kimwa, v. become wearied, get

cross, be disgusted, lose ones
temper. Kimwa kwa chakula (njia,
kazi, &c.), be put out by ones
food (travelling, work, &c.). (Cf.
syn. more usual, kinai, choka,
sumbuka, chukiwa.)

Kimwitu, n. dim. of mwitu,

small forest, patch of forest,
jungle. (Cf. mwitu, kichaka.)
Kimwondo, n. (vi-), a shooting
star, i.e. nyota ya kuanguka,supposed to be fiery darts thrown by
spirits of the air (jini) (Str.).
Kimya, n. and adv. (1) silence,
stillness, absence of noise; (2)
quiet- t ness, calm, reserve. As
adv. silently, without noise. K.
kingi kina mshindo mkuu, deep
silence makes a loud noise.
Nyamaza k., hold ones tongue, be
perfectly silent. Sali k., pray in'
secret. Mtu wa kimyakimya, a very
quiet, reserved person. Akasikia
and he
heard no reply.
.
Kina, pfx. or n. used as pfx.
(see note below) which with the
noun following denotes a person
or persons of a certain class,
connected with another person by

KINA

resemblance, dependence, or
other social relation, or a person
with others so connected with
him. It is often heard as akina (see
note), and in plur. form wakiha. E.
g. kina sisi, a kind of generalized
plural, such as we, people like
us, the lot of us, we. Akina nahi
huyu ? Who is this ? implying
What are his connexions ?
whether as master or dependent.
Akina Abdallah may* mean (1)
Abdallahs following generally,
his people or dependents, or (2)
Abdallah himself alone, or (3)
Abdallah with his retinue. So
Akina bwana anakuja, the master is
coming. Kina mwinyi mkuu, the
chief and his court. Kina is also
used (with

-kinaifu, a. one who has

enough, does not desire or need
anything, and so (i) moderate,
self-controlled,
sober,
independent; or (2) self-sufficient,
contemptuous, cold, Supercilious,
a noun) as a generalized mode of unsociable. (Cf. kinai, and kiasi,
address, as well as reference, a tipwtke, baridi.)
polite substitute for direct mention
of several orone, e. g. akitta bibi,
Kinamasi, n. mucilage, slime,
the lady-folk, the ladies, my slimy substance or fluid. Mafuta
ladies, my lady. So akina bwatia, a ya- fanya k., the oil is getting thick
slave's address to his master's son , and sticky. Also of a wet slippery
akina baba, a master's address soil (cf. utope).
half-playful to his slaves. It may
Kinanda, n. (vi-), a stringed inalso be nsed with contemptuous
generality. IVamekwitwa waiu wale strument of the kind commonest
wakina Ttiri, those people were in E. Africa, a kind of banjo or
known as Turis lot. (Perh. guitar. Extended to include piano,
generalized from Ar. gan, pi. organ, and almost any similar
agina, slave- born, a slave, or European instrument of music.
Pigak., play the banjo. (Cf. ngoma
connected with the pfx. ki.)
for other instruments.)
Kina, n. (vi-), a rhyme, a
Kinara, n. (vi-), dim. of
terminal assonance,* a similar
final syllable. Kuwa tta vina, to tnnara, (1) small pillar, column ;
have rhymes,of lines of poetry. (2) candlestick ; (3) small
Tia vina, make rhymes, rhyming ornament in the embroidery
endings. Mashairi ya vina, rhyming worked in silk on the collar of a
verses. (Cf.guni, for absence of native dress (kanzu), i. e. vinara vya
shin go.
(Ar. Cf.
rhyme, blank verse.)
Kina, n. kina cha bahari, a deep mnara.) place in the sea. Bahari ina k. satta,
Kinaya,n. self-content,
the sea is very deep. (. Kilindi, independence, selfish isolation, a
lituii, usual in Z.)
supercilious air, insolence. Ntno la
k a contemptuous remark. (Cf.
Kinai, v. (i) be content, be kinai.)
self- satisfied, be independent,
want no sympathy or help, be
Kinda, n. (ma-), young one,
self-sufficient, be self-contained. esp. of birds, a chick, but also of
Hence often (a) in a bad sense, of animals, e. g. k. la frasi, a foal, k.
conceited, offensive, independent, kibwa, a young dog, cub, whelp,
or active dislike, i.c. be disgusted, not of man. Sometimes a., c. g.
be surfeited, dislike, have a mnazi mkinda, a young cocoanut
loathing. E. g. of food, amt kinai, tree.
he has had enough, he has had a
full meal, (or of a sick man) he
Kinda, - kindani, Kindano.
has no appetite, he revolts from See Kinza, &c.
food. Ji- kinai, feel quite satisfied
Kindu, n. (ma-), fruit of .the
or secure, be boastfnl, vaunt
oneself. Sultani ajikinai ktoa ngnvu, palm mkindu, a kind of wild date.
the Sultan shows his pride of See also Ukindu.
power. Cs. kinaisha, satisfy, surfeit,
Kinena, n. (vi-), middle of the
glut, disgust, nauseate, revolt.
Chakida hiki kina- nikinaisha, this body between the groins (rnatuna).
food revolts me. Atakukinaisha siku
Kinga, \\ is used of the effect of
what is interposed between two
objects,
and
which
acts

KIMELEA
154
moja, you will have enough of him
in one day. Kujikinaisna ubora, to
vaunt his perfections. (Ar. Cf.
-kinaifu, ki- ttaya, and syn. shiba,
shibisha, rith- isha, chukiza, and for
boasting, jisifu, fivuna.)

KINA

interpose, get in the way of,

intercept, catch; and (2) fig.
contradict, oppose, obstruct. Also
(3) act as screen to, cover, be a
defence to; (4) fig. help, assist,
protect. Kinga, jiwe hili litaanguka,
guard (yourself), or, ward it off,
this stone is going to fall.
Nimekinga j/iwili wangn kwa ngao, I
interposed my body as a shield.
Muungu ameni- kinga, God has
protected me. Kinga mvua (jua),
keep off the rain (sun). Ps. kingwa,
(1) be screened (warded) off; (2)
be used as a screen ; (3) be
screened (protected). Nt. kingika.
Ap. king-ia, -iwa, e. g. ngao ya
knkingia s el aha, a shield to keep
off weapons. Cs. kingiza, usually
protect, defend. Kingiza na mvua,
protect from rain. Jikingiza, defend
oneself. Rp. kingana, (1) protect
each other; (2) oppose each other,
with argument, force, &c.
(Cf.
follg.)

bracelet of seeds, beads, &c. (Cf.

kekee, kikuku, banagiri, and urembo.)
Kingalingali, n. on the back,
face upwards. Lala A, lie on the
back. Anguka A, fall backwards.
(Cf. kitanitani, kichali.)
Kingama, v. (1) be interposed,
lie across, be in the way, act as a
screen ; (2) obstruct, baffle,
thwart. Gogo limekingama njiani, a
log blocks the road. Njia ngine
inaki- ngama njia ya mbele , another
path cuts across the road leading
straight on. Ap. kingam-ia, -iwa, e.
g. nyoka amenikingamia njiani, a
snake stopped me on the road. Cs.
kingam-isha,

-ishwa,

-iza,

-izwa,

intens. frustrate, stop altogether,

block. Rp. kinga??iana, e. g.
tumekingamana mimi naye, he and I
had a (friendly or stormy) interview, we encountered each other.
Hence kingaman-isha, -ishwa, cause
to get in each others way, make
difficulties among. (St. form of
kinga, i. e. be in an interposed
n, (, and Vinga), something position. Cf. -ama, simama, tuama,
interposed, and which has &c. Cf. mkingamo.)
different effects accordingly, e. g.
(1) a check, a stopper, a fender, a
Kingio, Kingo. n. screen, handfence, a guard, a screen, a shelter, screen, shade, lamp-cover. (Cf.
and so either (2) protection, kinga.)
defence, assistance, or (3)
Kingoe, n. (vi-), dim. of ngoe, a
obstruction, difficulty, misfortune,
limitation. E. g. A cha molo, or k. small hook. See Ngoe.
only, a fireguard, i. e. commonly a
Kingojezi, n. (vi-), similar to
firebrand, brand used as a guard,
rather than * a fender. Cf. kinga kingojo.
na kinga, ndipo molo uwakapo,
Kingojo, n. (vi-), act, (time,
firebrands make the fire burn. K,
cha maji, or k. alone, a long blade place, &c.) of watching, watch,
of grass or leaflet tied round the guard, guard-station, post, sentrystem of a tree to collect the rain go, turn of watching. E. g. linda A,
trickling down and direct it to a keep watch. Keti A, remain on
water jar. K. ya jicho, a blinker. Cf. watch. (Cf. ngoja, kilindo, zatnu.)
kidoto,
also kijamanda. (Cf.
Kingozi, n. the old dialect of
kingama, mkingiko, kinda, pinga, and
epusha, bekua. For kinga kunga, Swahili, esp. as formerly spoken
at Melindo, Patta, and the
see Kunga.)
northward towns of the Zanzibar
Kingaja, n. (vi-), armlet or coast, now only poetical and
hardly intelligible. Hence now

KIMELEA

154

KINA

used of difficult, half- *Kini, Kinika, v. be sure, be

understood speech. Manenoya A,
certain, be ascertained,
antiquated, meaningless terms.
apparently from Ar. yakini (which
Kingubwa, n. (vi-), spotted see), treated mistakenly by
hyaena. (Cf. fisi.)
Swahilis as a for

mof a verb kini. E. g. yamkinika (or,

yamkini) Sultani kusajiri kesho, it is
certain as to the Sultan that he
will set out to-morrow. (Ar. Cf.
yakini, and dist. yamkini.)

Kinundu, n. {vi-)t dim. of

nundu, a little hump, knob, lump.
Hence kiilundunundu, to describe a
rough, lumpy surface, ns of
plaster, See.

Kining*ina, n. {vi-), greatKinwn, n. {vi-), also Kinywa

greatgrandchild. (Cf. kijukuu, ki- and Kanwa. the mouth (as organ
lembwe, and ninginia, rock, dandle.) of drinking) of man, animals,
insects, &c. (of birds, usually
Kinjurinjuri, n. a particular tndomo). Also something to
way of cutting the hair, leaving drink, a beverage, but this is
one long tuft, i. e. kukata usually kinwaji. K. mchuzi, the hair
kinjurinjuri (Str.).
on the under lip, the imperial,
place where the imperial grows,
Kmotu n. {vi-), a scrap of meat. lit. gravy drinker. A', wazi, open
(Cf. tnnofu.)
mouth, with open mouth, open
mouthed. (Cf. nya, kinwaji, ka- nwa,
Kinono, n. {vi-), a fatted and follg.)
animal, a fatling. (Cf. nona, -nono,
and luncpai)
.
Kinwaji, n. {vi-), also Kinywaji,
and
rarely
Kinoo, n. {vi-), a whetstone, i. Kinweo,Kinwewa,something to
e. jiwe la kunolea, a stone to drink, a beverage, liquid for
sharpen things with. Cf. noa, noo, drinking purposes.
noleo, and cherehe, a grindstone.)
Kinweleo, n. {vi-), a pore (of
Kinu, n. {vi-), a wooden mortar, the skin). (Cf. nya, nyweleo.)
made of a hard block of wood
hollowed out in the centre, used
Kinyaa, n. {vi-), excretum
for pounding and cleaning grain, (liquid or solid), urine, excrement,
and
crushing
and
mixing dung, filth.
(Cf. nya, nyesi,
vegetable food generally. Also for kinyesi,
extracting oil. The wooden pestle
is called niche, and the operation also tikojo, tnavi.)
usually kutwanga. See Mcbo,
Kinyago, n. {vi-), anything used
Twanga. It is extended to metal at an
unyago (which see), but esp.
mortars, e. g. k. cha chuma, an iron a dressed-up
figure,
mortar, and also is used of a mill mock- ghost or grotesque
Chcza
of any kind, e. g. k. cha moshi, a k., lit. play at scarecrow.
unyago, play at
steam mill, k. cha kushindikia, a ghosts, dress up,of
any kind of
crushing mill, whether of oil seeds acting, theatricals, farce.
or sugar-cane. A', cha rnkono, hand
mill. K. cha kusagia, grinding
Kinyama, n. {vi-), dim. of
(flour) mill.
tiyama, small animals. Vinyama vya
mwi- tu wakaona kiu, the lesser wild
Kinubi, n. {vi-) and adv. (i) a
kind of harp, used in their dances animals grew thirsty.
by the IVanubi, i.e. Soudanese (or . Kinyamkela, n. {vi-), (1) a kind
Nubians) settled in Zanzibar. Also of evil spirit, to be propitiated at
2) the Soudanese language; (3) in crossways, a storm-devil; (2) of a
the Soudanese style, -a kinubi, of
whirlwind, i.e. pepo za kinyamkela.
the Soudanese kind.
(Cf. chamchcla.)

KLNINGINA

157

KINYONGA

Kinyefu, n. {vi-), and Kinye- the first. (Cf. nyuma, and baada.)
nyofu, a tickling or tingling sensaXinyumba, n. (vi-), an unmartion, itching*. (From tiyea, cf.
ried woman, living with a man as
nyegi.)
his wife. (Cf. nyumba, mchumba,
Kinyogelo, n. {vi-), name of a suria, hawaa.)
small animal, skunk (Str.).
Xinyumbu, . n. (vi-), dim. of
Kiuyemi, n. and a., something nyumbu, a small mule.
good, pleasing, acceptable. Kipya
Xinyunya, n. (vi-), a little cake,
kinyemi kittgawa kidonda, a novelty
has its charms, even a new sore. a bit of a cake, a sweetmeat. (Cf.
nyunyiza, sprinkle, and nyunyo.)
(Cf. Ar. ncema.)
Xinywa,
Xinywaji,
Kinyesi, n. {vi-), excretum,
like kinyaa. Also in plur. manyesi. Xinyweleo. See Xinwa, Xinwaji,
Xinweleo.
(From nya.)
Xinza, v. object, contradict,
Kinyonga, n. (vi-), (1) hip-comdeny, oppose, rebel. Rp. kinzana,
plaint. (Cf. ktfua, kimio, See.).
object, stand in the way, oppose,
(2) Chamelion. (Perh. both from contradict. Kinzana na mtu, dispute
nyonga, wriggle, twist.)
with a person. (Not often heard.
Cf. follg. and kinga, kingana,
Xinyonge, n. and adv., from pingana.)
-nyotige, state of wretchedness, abject destitution, degradation, &c.
-kinzani,
n.
refractory,
combative, obstructive. (Cf. prec.
Xinyongo, n. (vi-), of a mental and ukinzani.)
or moral twist, (1) fancy, scruple,
fad; (2) ill-feeling, grudge,
Xinzano, n. (ma-), objection,
bitterness,
spite,
resentment. obstruction, contradiction. (Cf.
Usifanye kazi kwa k., do not work prec. and kinzana.)
unwillingly, as if against the
Xioja, n. (vi-), something that
grain.. Mpenzi hana k., a lover has
no scruples (doubts, hesitation). astonishes or terrifies, an oddity, a
Mwenyi k., a hypochondriac. (Cf. curiosity, a portent, a bugbear, a
nyonga, ki- nyonga, unyonga, also monster. (Cf. kitisho, shani, ajabu,
syn. mfundo, kikombo, chuki, a/a.)
uchungu.)

Kiokozi, n. {yi-), act (means,

Xinyozi, n. (vi-), a barber, one way, &c.) of recovering, and so,
reward for finding something lost
who shaves. (From nyoa.)
or in danger. Also of persons, one
Xinyuma, n. and adv. (also Xi- who saves, rescuer, preserver.
nyume commonly), the back part, (From okoa. Cf. inwokozi, uokozi.)
the rear, behind, backwards, after
Kiolezo, n. (/-), a pattern,
time, late, in a contrary way. Kwa
kinyume, backwards, to the rear. sample. (Cf. oleza, and syn.
Habari ya k., later,'subsequent namna.)
news. Kinyume changu, behind me.
Kiongozi, n. (yi-), act (means,
Kuja k., to arrive late. Maneno ya k.,
a kind of puzzle-language, the last way, &c.) of directing; but
syllable of each word being made usually, guide on a road, director,

leader of a caravan. (Cf. mkuu wa

Kioteo, n. '(vi-), ambuscade,
genzi.) Also, reward for such ambush, lurking-place. (Cf. ota,
service, guides fee. (From ongoa. otea.')
Cf. mwongozi, uongozi.)
Kiowe, n. (vi-), shout, cry for
Kiongwe, n. (yi-), a kind of help. See Kiyowe.
donkey from the mainland,
Kioza, n. state of a putrid
mostly from the Unyamwezi
country; used for carrying loads, i. thing, putridity, gangrene. Mitt
e. punda kiongwe. (Also as a., huyu yuna k. ndani, this man is
obstinate,refractory (Kr,). Cf. rotten inside. (From oza.)
mbishi.)

Kionja, verbal noun from onja,

governing another noun, that
which tastes. K. mchuzi, the
imperial, or under lip, i. e. gravy
taster,like kinwa mchuzi. (Cf.
onja, and follg.)

Kipa, n. verbal of pa, act of

giving, that which gives, e. g. k.
mkono, a fee given at a wedding
lor special attendance (cf. kifungua
' tnlattgo, kiosha migtttt). K. irnara,
that which gives strength. (Cf.
pa,kipaji, kipawa.)

Kipaa, n. (vi-), dim. of paa, (i)

Kionjo, n. (vi-), a little taste, a
a small roof, roof a shed, &c.; (2)
small sample, a trial. (Cf. onja.)
one of the sides of the four-sided
Kionyo, n. (yi-), secret warning, roof of a native hut, usually one of
hint, suggestion. (Cf. ona, onyo.)
the smaller slopes, overlapped by
the larger ones (mapaa). K. cha
Kioo, n. (vi-), a piece of glass, rnbcle (cha ttyuma), the front (back)
looking-glass, mirror. K. cheupe, slope of a roof; (3) also kipara,
clear, white glass. K. cha kuona, which see.
transparent glass. K. cha kutazamia
uso, a looking-glass. (Perh. conn,
Kipaji, n. (vi-), (1) a presentawith ona, i.e. kiono.)
.
tion, a present, donation, gift. K.
cha Muungu, a gift of God. (From
Kiopoo, n. (vi-), anything used -pa, cl kipa, upaji, -paji.) (2) Part of
for taking up, fishing up, as from the
forehead
(paji),
brow,
a well or pit,a pole, stick with eyebrow, e. g. kunja vipaji vya uso,
fork, hook, gaff. (From opoa.)
knit the brows, frown. Also (3) a
sweet-scented cosmetic, applied
Kiosha, verbal noun from os ha, to the brows, an ornamental patch
that which washes, e. g. k. mig\iut of colour, a brow ornament (cf.
that which washes the feet, urembo). (4) A small projection on
name of a wedding fee for the side of the mjusi worked on the
particular service. (Cf. kifungua front of a native dress (kanzu), also
mlango.) '
called kiguu. Sec Mjusi.
Xiosho, n. (vi-), act (place,
Kipaka, n. (vi-), dim. of paka, a
means, &c.) of washing. (Cf. small cat, a poor cat, a kitten.
osha, and josho.)
Kipakaoha, n. (vi-), dim. of
Kiota, n. (vi-), also Kioto, pakacha, a small kind of basket, of
sitting- place of a bird, nest, roost, plaited cocoanut leaf-fronds. (For
fowls laying place. (Cf. ota, oteo, other kinds sec Kikapo.;
moto.)

Kipaku, n. (vi-), small spot,

KLNINGINA

157

speck, patch.of colour or coloured

stuff, e. g. used of the mottled or
speckled colouring of animals and
birds, -a k., or k. alone, mottled,
speckled, e. g. kuku k., a speckled
fowl. Also kipdkupaku, in same
sense. (Cf. paktt, and perh.-paka,
v., also ivaa, doa.)

KINYONGA

esp. of a light wooden rammer,

used in hardening a concrete floor
or roof. (Cf. pande, upandc,
mpande, pandikizi, ? all conn, with
panda, v. plant,the constant
common occupation.)

Kipanga, n. (vi-), (1) dim. of

ttpattga, a small sword; (2) a large
Kipamba, n. (vi-), dim. from bird of prey.
pamba (cotton), a small bit (tuff,
Kipango, n. (vi-), dim. of pango,
plug, patch) of raw cotton (cotton

wool, lint), e. g. for medical a small cave, den, hole, mousehole. (Cf. kitundu, kishimo.)
application.
Kipambo, n. (vi-), an ornament,
ornamental work, a fitting,
furniture of a house. Nyumba hii
haitta k., this house is unfurnished,
e. g. of a poor mans dwelling.
(Cf. pamba, v., patnbo, also syn.
kijaa, chornbo, urembo, ttzuri.) .
Kipande, n. (vi-), (1) a small
bit, piece, slip, part, of anything
(cf. furtgu,schema, kitambo, kidogo,
koto); (2) an instrument, tool,
utensil (cf. chornbo, kittt, samarti).
K. cha ttyama, a scrap of meat. K.
cha tutu, a diminutive man, a
mannikin (contr. pande la mtu,

Kipao, n. (vi-), act (means,

way) of mounting up. (Cf. paa, v.)
Kipapatiko, n. (vi-), little flapping object, feathery waving end,
c.g. of fin or feather. (Cf.
papatika.)

Kipara, n. (vi-), and Kipaa, a

clcan-shavcd patch, a bald place
on the head, tonsure. Mtu wa kikoa
asilipe ana kipara cheupe, a member
of A mess, if he docs not pay, has
a bald patch, i. c. is a marked
pattdikisi). Vipattde\ vya kupimia, man. (Cf. upaa, upara, and ? paa,
surveying instruments. (3) Used roof.

)Kipato, n. (vi-), dim. of upato, upeo, pevuka.)

a small metal gong, usually of
Kipepeo, n. (vi-), (1) dim. of
brass, with edges turned in, a
metal tambourine, or dish of pepeo, a small fan: (2) a butterfly;
(3) a kind of flat fish. (Cf. zipepo,
similar shape.
pepea.)
Kipawa, n. (vi-), (i) dim. of paw
Kipete, n. (vi-), dim. of pete+ a
a, small ladle; (2) gift (but not so
small ring, ferrule, circlet.
in Z.).
Kipeto, n. (vi-), bag (with flap
Kipele, n. (vi-), small pimple,
pustule, sore, breaking-out. Vipele, or cover), case, receptacle, cover,
skin
eruption,erysipelas. parcel, packet. K. cha barua,
letter case, envelope.
(Cf.
(Cf.upele.)
peto, peta, pete, and
Kipendi, n. {vi-), like kipenzi, a
beloved object, a favourite, syn. bahashai)
darling. (From penda.)
Kipendo, n {vi-), act (trait,
manifestation, &c.) of affection,
kindness, love. (Cf. pendo,
upendo.)

,
Kipengee, n. {vi-), (1) sidepath, by-way, way round, sidechannel, out of the straight or
usual course; (2) evasion,
subterfuge, shift, indirect means
of obtaining an object. Ma- neno
yake haya vipengee, these statements of his are evasive
(shuffling,
deceitful).
(Also
pengee.)

Kipenu, n. {vi-), a shed or sideroom built against the side of a

wall or house outside, a lean-to, a
cabin in a ship. (Cf. upenu.)
Kipenyo, n. (vi-), a hole
through which something is
passed, a thing which is passed
through, e. g. the peg of a top,
axis of a globe, &c. (Cf. penya.)
Kipeo, n. (vi-), (1) highest or
furthest point, apex, top, end, culmination; (2) ideal, best example,
standard of excellence, chefd'oeuvre. K. cha macho, furthest
limit of vision, horizon. (Cf. pea,

katika kisigino cha jogoo, the spur

behind at the cocks heel.

n. (vi-), also Kipiki, a

KIPATO
100 Kipigi,
KIPINDUPINDTT
stick to beat with or throw.
Kipi, n .(vi-), or Kipia, cock's spur, little
(Cf. piga, and follg.)

i. e. kucha la (or vvwiba wa) nyuma I

Kipigo, n. (vi-), stroke, blow,

shot. Tembo alianguka kwa kipigo
cha heri, the elephant fell by a
lucky shot.
Kipila, n. (vi-), a curlew. (Also
called suhilu.)
Kipilipili, n. and adv., like
black pepper-corns. Nyele za k.,
hair of a short woolly kind,
growing in small tufts.
(Cf.
pilipili, and uelei)
Kipimo, n. (vi-), thing for
measuring, a measure, a weight,
amount measured. (Cf. pima, and
for measures mkono, shibiri, wari,
wakia, radii, pishi, frasila, kibaba,
kisaga, &c.)
Kipinda, adv. Kufa kipinda, die
a natural death. (Cf. pinda, n.)
Kipindi, n. (vi-), (1) a portion
of time, period, e.g. killa k., k.
chote, all times, at all times,
constantly, always. K. cha athuuri,
noon. Kwa vipindi, at times,
periodically; also, by fits and
starts, irregularly, -a vipindi,
periodical, regular, irregular, -a
kipindi, temporary. Also adv.
kipindi, for a time, for a short
time. (Cf. kitambo, kidogo, and
kipande.) (2) A fixed time, a
regular hour (cf. saa). Tangu
assubuhi hatta jioni ni vipindi kumi
na ?nbili, from morning to

evening there are twelve hours.

Vipindi vya kusali, the five regular
Mahommedan hours of prayer.
(Cf. sala.) (3) Fit, turn, attack,
paroxysm of sickness, anger or
emotion generally. Homa ya
vipindi,
recurrent
(or,
intermittent) fever. K. cha hasira,
a fit of anger. ( C f . pinda, v., turn,
and pindi, upindi, kita?nbo, saa.)
Kipindo, n. (vi-), a wrapper,
esp. a folding cloth for a corpse
before placing it in the shroud

Kipondo, n. (vi-), dim. of

pondo, small pole, esp. of pole for

punting, propelling a canoe in

shallow water. (Cf. ponda, mpondo,
and follg.)
cholera, or other disease,from
Kipondwe, n. (vi-), food
its effect. (Cf. pinda, kipindi, and consisting of something pounded
wabba.)
or crushed, a mash, e. g. of
cleaned
grain
and
grated
Kipingili, n. (vi-), ring marking cocoanut mixed together in a
a knot or joint in a plant, e. g. in mortar (kinu). (From ponda, with
sugar-cane. Also the part pass, termin. -we.)
between two knots or joints, e. g.
part of the leg between the knee
Kiponya, n. (vi-), verbal
and ankle, the shin. (Cf. piugili.) ofponya,
something
which
preserves or cures, a remedy. K.
Kipingo, n. (vi-), bar, pin, peg cha njaa, the remedy of hunger, i.e.
(keeping something in place), food.
barrier, obstruction. (Cf. pinga,
kipingwa, and follg.)
Kipooea, n. (vi-), verbal
ofpooza, paralysis, deadness, a
Kipingu, n. {vi-), dim. of paralysed person, a withered,
pingti, a small fetter.
dried-up thing. Also adv., in a
withered (dead, helpless) state.
Kipingwa, n.(v*-),adoor- bar, (Cf. tnapooza.)
bolt. (Cf. pinga, and syn. korneo,
kiwi.)
Kipopo, n. (vi-), dim. of popo, a
small bat (the animal).
Kipini, n. (vi-), (i) handle, haft,
holder,of tools, knife, sword,
Kipopoo, n. (vi-), dim. of
&e. (cf. mpini, and for other popoo, a little ball, a round lump,
handles mkono, utambo)\ (2) small e. g. of tobacco, sweets, bonbons,
stud or button-like ornament, &c.
worn on the nose or ear. (Cf.
kiptili, jasi, and urembo.)
Kipora, n. (vi-), dim. of pora, a
young cockerel.
Kipipa, n. (vi-), dim. of ///to,
small barrel, small cask. Kipipa
Kipuku, Kipukupuku, adv. in
(ha baruti, barrel of gunpowder. . showers, in numbers, wholesale,
like leaves falling, e. g. of the
Kipira, n. (vi-), dim. of mpira, a effect of an epidemic in killing
small ball. Also ? (2) a people, i. c. tnara- thi ya kipuku
carpenters moulding-plane, k. (pukttpuku). I Vatu wanakufa kipuku,
cha mviringo (cf. randa), and (3) a people are dying like sheep.
projecting moulding.
(Cf.pttkusa, and follg.)
Kipito, n. (vi-), a passing by or
Kipukusa, n. (vi-), also Kiputhrough, a way through, passage. kuba, (1) something shed, cast,
(From pita, v.)
dropped, e.g. homs, but esp. of
leaves or fruit sclf-dctached or
Kipofu, n. and adv. (1) early shed. Also (2) dim. of
blindness, a blind person, in a pukusa, a small present, esp. of
blind state or wav, blindly. Mtoto congratulation. (Cf. follg.) t
k., haoni, macho yoke yamepofuka,
the child is blind, he does not
Kipukute, n. and a. Ndizi kisec, his eyes are sightless. A*, pukute, also kipukusa, a favourite
wa macho, bereft of sight, blind. species of banana. See Ndisi, and
prec.

KIPATO

Mtu huyu ana k., this man is blind.

Also (2) for kibofu, a bladder. (Cf.
-pofu, po/uka, and kiziwi, kilema.)

Kipokeo, adv. by turns, by

taking turns, e. g. chukua (twaa)
kipokee, of carrying a load, a
corpse to the grave, &c. (From
pokea.)

Kipolepolo, n. (vi-) and adv. (1)

a kind of butterfly; (2) from -pole,
i. c. hi a very slow (calm, gentle)
way.

100

KIPINDUPINDTT

lump (perh. same as kibumba,

which see) ; (2) n. and adv., a
foolish act, a fool, folly. Kuwa k.,
to be a fool. Fanya k., to act as a
fool. (Cf. pumbaa, -pumbafu,
upumbafu, which are usual in Z.)

Kiri, v. acknowledge, admit,

accept, assent, state formally,
confess, allow, aver, ratify. Often
in legal documents, e.g. niniekiri
nimekubali kwa?nba, I do hereby
formally acknowledge and agree
that, &c. K. makosa, confess
offences. K. deni, admit a debt. Ps.
kiriwa. Nt. kirika. Ap. kir-ia, -iwa.
Cs. kir-isha, -ishwa, e.g. obtain
formal
consent,
extract
confession, allow ratification, See.
Rp. kiriana. (Ar. Cf. kubali, ithini,

Kipumbu, n. (vi-), scrotum. ungarna.)

(Cf. pumba, pumbu.)
Kiriba, n. (vi-), water-skin,
Kipumziko, n. (z/?-), act i.e. the skin of an animal made
(place, time, means, &c.) of into a bag, and used for carrying
taking
rest,
resting-place, water. (Ar., the ki belonging to the
recreation time, refreshment, root, as in kitabu.)
relief. (From piunzika, pu- muzi,
pumu. Cf. baridi, mabunidu.)
Kirihi, v. (1) loathe, hate,
abominate, feel aversion (disgust,
Kipungu, n. name of a fish, dislike, See.); (2) give offence,
and also of a bird of prey.
provoke, insult, disgust, treat
disrespectfully, See. Ps. kirihiwa.
Kipunguo, n. (pi-), act (case, Nt. kirihika. Cs. kirih-isha}-ishwa,
means, &c.) of lessening, e.g. offend, aggravate, exasperate.
diminution, defect, deficiency, (Ar. Cf. ekerahi, kirahi, makeruhu,
short allowance. (From pungua. and syn. chukia, ckukiza, kasirisha.)
Cf. -pungufu, upu- nguo.)
Kirimba, n. (vi-), cage (for
Kipupa, n. and adv., unseemly bird or animal). Also describes a
haste,
greediness,
over- meat- safe. (Cf. kitundu, tundu, kizieagerness. K. cha kula, and kula k. ?nba.)
(or kwa k.), voracious eating. (Cf.
pupa.)
Kirimu, v. also Kerimu,
Kari- mu, treat hospitably,
Kipupwe, n. the cold season, entertain, feast, give a present
i.e. June, July, and August (when (to). Tumkirimu mgeni, let us
the barometer
in Z. falls at nights entertain our guest. Amemkirimu
to 750 or even 70), cold weather. ng'ombe, he has made him a
See Mwaka and Pembe.
present of an ox.' Ps. kiri- miwa.
Nt. kirimika. Ap. ki- rim-ia, -iwa, e.g.
Kipusa, n. (vi-), same as kipu- make a present to, be generous to.
kusa, which see.
Cs. kirim-isha, -ishwa. (Ar. Cf.
kara- ma, -karimu,also
Kipwa, n. (vi-), rock, dry patch karamu,
(left by receding tide), a shallow karibisha,pokea.)
place. (Cf.pwa,pwani, mapwaji.)
Kiroboto,n.(w-),
flea.
used as a nickname for
*Kirahi,n.also
Ekerahi, Formerly
Ikirahi, being offended, disgust, irregular Arab soldiery at Z.
aversion,
causing
offence,
Kiroja, n. (vi-), same as kioja,
provocation, insult. (Ar. Cf. which see.
kirihi.)

Kirukanjia, n. (vi-), name of a

Kiraka, n. and adv., a piece, kind of mouse. (Cf. panya.)
Kirukia, n. (vi-), name of a

KIPATO

spot, patch different from the rest

or the surroundings, colour in
spots or patches, e. g. ngtio ya k.,
patched, ragged clothes. Mapwaji
ya k.t patches left by receding tide.
Kira- karaka, anything variegated,
mottled,
dappled,
speckled,
spotted, e. g. of birds and animals.

100

KIPINDUPINDTT

(Cf. raka, doa,

kipaku.)

Kirembo, n. {vi-), anything ornamental, esp. of personal

adornment. (Cf. urembo, remba,
and pamba.

)Kirungu, n. (vi-), dim. of rttngu

Kiaha. adv. and Kiisha, after(lungu), a small club, knob-kerry.
wards, moreover, in fine. See Ki-

Kisa, n. (vi-), (1) story,

account, report, history, narrative;
(a) statement of case, reason
alleged, cause, explanation; (3)
affair, matter, business, subject of
report. E.g. nipe k. chako, tell me
your story, i.e. all about yourself.
Visa vingi, many stories, a
complicated business, endless
difficulties. Haktimfanyiza k. hatta
kirnoja, he did nothing whatever to
hurt him. (Ar. Cf. hadi/hi, habari,
tie no.) Also (4) like kiitii, the
innermost part, e.g. kisa cha koko,
the kernel inside a stone (of fruit).
Kisaga, n. (vi-), a dry measure
of about a quart, equal to two
kibaba or half a pishi. Nimempimia
kisaga cha tnahindi, I have
measured him a quart of maize. (2)
? a weevil. (Cf. saga.)
*Kisahani, n. (vi-), dim. of sahani, a small dish, saucer. (Ar. Cf.
chombo, chtntgu.)
Kiflaaa. n. and adv., a thing of
the present day, a iqodern fashion,
what is up to date. Vao la k.,
fashionable dress; mantnoya k.,
current phraseology. (Cf. sasa, and
contr. kikalc, kale.)
*Kisasi,n. (vi-),also Kasosi,vengeance,
revenge,
retaliation,
requital, compensation for harm
done, damages. Toa (lip>a) k.t
suffer vengeance, pay (for harm
done). Toza (lipiza, twaa) k., take
revenge on, retaliate upon, extort
compensation for. Twaa k. cha
nd\tgu, avenge a brother.
*Kiaetiri, n. (vi-), and Kisitirl, a
cover, screen, screening wall,
parapet, partition, hiding place,
retiring place, closet. (Ar. Cf.
sctiri,stara,
kiwatnbaza.)

kifuniko,

kificho,

iaha, and Iaha.

*Kishada, n. (vi-). dim. of shada,

(l) tassel, bow, rosette; (2) a small
cluster or bunch, e.g. of bends on
strings, bunch of flowers, or fruit,
J

nosegay, &c.; (3) a tailless kite.

(Ar.)

KIBUNGU

n. (vi-), anything
103 Kishaufu,
KISHOGO
M

showy, bit of finery, trinket,

personal ornament. (Cf. shaua,
kipambo, ki- rembo.)

Kiahonzi n. and adv., anything

ol a barbarous, rude, uncivilized
kind, esp. barbarous language,
up-country
dialect,
-a
k.,
barbarous,
uncivilized.
(Cf.
-shenzi, ushenzi, and contr. kiungwana.)

Kishiku, n. (vi-), stump of a

tree, log. (Cf. shiku, kisiki, kigogo.)
Kishimo. n. and adv. (vi-), dim.
of shimo, a little pit, hole, underground passage, sudden fall,
precipice. (Cf. gengc, tundu,
chimbo.)

Kisbma. n. name of a dance

(ngorna). Also dim. of shina.

Kishiiula n. (vi-), verbal from

shinda (which see) in various
senses, (1) that which conquers,
baffles, is too much for another,
e. g. walu hawa ni vishinda waganga,
these people are a match for the
medicine men. (2) A residue, a
remainder, esp. of what is left in
a vessel, dry or liquid, a quantity
less than half of the content, e.g.
kishinda cha rnaji mlungini, of a
water-jar less than half full. Also
a vague measure, a suitable
amount for pounding in a mortar
(kinu), e.g. vishinda vi- ngapi umetia?
How many measures have you
put in? Kinu tele ni kishinda kirnoja,
one measure makes a full mortar,
i.e. enough to pound at one time.
(Cf. shinda, shindika. Ierh. kisinda
is the same word.)
Kishindo, n. and adv. (vi-),
dim. of shittdo, shock, blow,
outburst, sudden noise, sound of
steps (guns, blows, &c.),an
agitation, a sensation. Habari in a
k., news always comes with a
kind of shock. (Cf. shinda, shittdo,
mshindo.)

Kiahogo, 11. (vi-), nape of the

Kisiki, n. (vi-), log, stump,

trunk of fallen tree. (Cf. kishiku,

paye kishogo si mwenzio, he who gogo, shina.)

turns his back on you is not your

friend. (Cf. kogo, kikosi.)
Kishoka, n. (vi-), dim. of shoka,
a small axe.

Kisikusiku, adv. and n., at

night, in the dark. (Cf. usiku, siku.)

Kisima, n. (vi-), well, waterhole, water-pit, place where water

Kishoroba, n. (vi-), dim. of is drawn. (Perh. altered from Ar.
sho- roba (which see).
kathima.)
Kishubaka, n. (vi-), dim. of
Kisimi, n. (vi-), clitoris. (Cf.
shu- baka, a small recess, niche, simika.)
pigeonhole, loop-hole.
Kisinda, n. (vi-), and ?
Kishungi, n. (w'-),dim. of Kishinda, Kizinda, hymen. Weka
shungi, (i) a small tuft of hair, crest k., preserve virginity. Tomoa k.,
of feathers, plume ; (2) ends of a deprive of virginity. (Cf. bikira.)
cloth, lappet, fringes.
(Cf.
matamvna.)
Kisirani, n. also Hisarani,
Kasa- rani, used of what is
Kishwara, n. (vi-), a loop of awkward, unpleasant, causing
rope, used to hold an oar (like a difficulty, &c., e.g. (1) mishap,
rowlock) in a boat, or to lift by. unfortunate
incident,
hitch,
(Cf. ki- tanzi, and shalaka.)
awkward meeting, &c.; (2) illhumour, awkward temper, grudgKisi, v. (1) also Gisi, consider ing, rancour, caprice, spite, &c.
critically, estimate, calculate, Piga k., make a hitch, cause a
make a guess, form an opinion on, difficulty. Sin a k. moyoni viwangu, I
guess. K. maneno, weigh a am quite agreeable. (Cf. kifundo,
statement. K. mtama, set a value on hitilafu, ki/noyo.)
(judge the price of) millet (cf.
fikiri, kcuiiri, bahatisha, hesabu). (2)
Kisiwa, n. (vi-), an island. (Cf.
As nautical term, shift, make a siwa, a large island.)
change in. K. mianga, shift the sail
over, tack, put about. (Cf. pindua,
Kisombo, n. (vi-), a dish of
bisha.) Seldom in deriv. forms.
beans, cassava, &c., beaten or
mashed up into a thick soup or
Kisibau, n. (vi-), a waistcoat, paste. (Cf. kipondwe, kibumbwi, ?
worn open in front. Described as nseto.)
k. cha mikono, i. e. sleeved ; k. cha
ki- kwapa, or cha kwapa, i. e.
Kisongo, n. (vi-), act (mode,
sleeveless, the usual kind, k. cha means, &c.) of twisting, esp. an
vitana, i.e. lined; k. cha kufitta, i.e. instrument for twisting, whether
in common plain style. Made of wood or metal, tourniquet,also
all kinds of materials and colours, that used in rope-making, turned
and worn over the kanzu.
by the kileti, and itself attached to
the rope. (Cf. songa.)
Kisigino, n. (vi-), heel, elbow,
further distinguished as k. cha
Kisonono, n. gonorrhoea,
mguu, and k. cha vikono. (Cf. various
phases
being
kifundo, kiweko.)
distinguished as k. cha mkojo
(urine), k. cha usaha (pus, matter),

KIBUNGU

103

KISHOGO

and k. cha damn (blood). (Cf. dress in Z. In commerce,

sononeka.)
scarves, of plain colour, red, blue,
white, &c. K. cha Mombec, of
Kisozi, n. (vi-), name of a small Indian manufacture, k. cha Ulaya,
bird (Str.).
of European. (Cf. shiti and nguo.)
Kisu, n. (vi-), a knife, of any
sort, often used with such verbs as
toa, take out, draw, tia, apply, noa,
sharpen, futika, stick in the girdle,
put up, and a. -kali, sharp, butu,
blunt, dull. We we kisu, sisi nyama,
you are the knife, we are the
victims, i. e. do what you will
with us. K. cha kukunja, a pocketknife, a clasp- knife. (Cf. jisu,
kijisu, also ja- mbia, shembea,

Kitaa. n. (vi-), dim. of rntaa,

district, quarter, parish. K. cha
imamu, the district allotted to a
Mahommedan minister.
Kitabu, n. (vi-), a book. (Ar., the ki
being part of the root. Cf. mkataba,
katiha, katabahu, and syn. msahafu,

chuo.)

Kitakataka, n. (vi-), a particle

of dust, a speck of dirt, a very
small (trifling, worthless) thing, a
Kisua, n. (1) a kind of fine mote. (From taka, n. Cf.
cloth, used as a turban, a kind of takasa,takatifu.)
kitambi,
also
called
bura.
Kitakizo, n. cnd-piccc, at head
Nimekwisha kuand foot of a native bedstead (/*tanda,
which see).
jipamba kwa kisua na selaha, I have
finished arraying myself with a
Kitako, n. and adv. (i) part of
turban aud weapons. Also (a) to
describe a person well dressed, of the body between the buttocks
striking appearance," yeyc tii kisua (ma- iako), the fork of the legs ; (2)
kuwako dutiiani, he is a fine figure, as adv., on the base, or lower end,
c. g. rveka pipa k., set the barrel on
if there is one in the w-orld.
its end. Kaa k.j (1) sit down, take a
Kisugulu, n. (vi-), mound, heap scat, in the native way,the usual
of earth. (Seldom heard, ?a Yao expression, also (2) remain
settled, settle, reside. (Cf. tako )
word for ant-hill.)
kolama, kijembe.)

Kitale, n. (vi-), a young

cocoanut in the second stage of
Kisusi, n. (vi-), bne of the development, between a kidaka
smaller slopes of a thatched roof, and a dafu. See Nazi.
running up under the edge of the
Kitalu, n. (vi-), a stone fence,
larger. (Cf. f>aa, kipaa.)
walled enclosure, wall (of a yard,
Kisusuli, n. (i) a kind of kite court, &c.).
(cf. shada, buratangi, tiara) ; (a)
Kitambaa, n. (vi-), a piece of
anything whirling about, and cloth
or calico, a strip or scrap of
dazing the eye, a whirling gust, a any kind
of textile fabric for any
windmill. (Perh. a rcdupl. form = use, a small
cloth, e. g. napkin,
kisulisuli, and so cf. kisuli, sulika,
towel,
duster,
handkerchief,
masua.)
bandage, tablecloth, often with
Kisutu, n. (vi-), a large piece of a defining phrase, k. cha tneza (cha
printed calico, forming a womans kufutia rnikono, cha kupangusia,
&c.). (Cf. kitambi, utarnbi, tarnbi,
Kisuli, n. and adv., also Kizuli,
giddiness. See Kizuli.

kitambo, tambo, tam- baa, tit am baa, length, a certain length or height,
m tambo, iamba, and others, which mtu wa k., a man of some height,
however do not seem referable to a tall man. (Cf. tambo, pa tide.)

one root-meaning. See Tamba.)

Kitambi, n. (vi-), (1) a length or

piece of cloth, usually of the kind
used for head-wear, as a kind of
turban,defined as k. cha kilemba,
also worn round the waist, and
as a loincloth. (2) K. cha tambo, the
mesenteric membrane. (Cf. follg.
and kitambaa.)
Kitambo, n. and adv. (1) a
piece, a littleoften of time, a
short criod, e. g. alikaa k. or muda
k., e remained a short time. A',
kidogo, after a little, soon,
presently (cf. kipande, kidogo, and
kitambaa). (2) Also of stature,

Kitana, n. (vi-), a small comb.

(Cf. tana, chattuo, shattuo.)
Kitanda, n. (vi-), a wooden frame
for stretching something on, esp. a
native bedstead, i.c. a frame consisting of two side-pieces
(mfumbati), two end-pieccs
(kitakizo), resting on four leg*
(tendegu, ma-), and with cord of
cocoanut fibre or plaited grassstrips interlaced across it. The
head is called mchago, the space

KITANDIKO

168

underneath (2 ft. to 3 ft. from

the ground) mvungti. Usually a mat
only (mkeka) is spread on it, sometimes a mattress (godoro) and
pillows (mto). Kitanda cha mfumi, a
weavers frame, a loom, parts and
instruments of which are mdoshi,
faraka or tnfariki, manifaa, kashabu,
mladi. (Cf. tanda, tandika, and for
other kinds of bedstead, ulili,
samadari.)

Kitandiko, n. (vi-), a spreading,

a thing spread, a mantle, anything
worn as a covering. (Cf. tanda,
kitanda, tandiko.)

Kitanga, n. (z>z-), C1) a small piece

of matting, usually circular, used
as a praying mat (cf. msala), to lay
out food on, or goods for sale.
Muungu hufufua nyania kitangani,

God saves even animals at the

place of slaughter. (2) The palm of
the hand, k. cha ntkono. (3) The
scale or pan of a balance, k. cha
mizani. (4) A kind of dance, k. cha
pepo (cf. ngoma'). (Cf. tanga, n. and
v.)
Kitango, n. (vi-), (1) gadding
about, idling, loitering (cf. tanga,
v.), e. g. ha7ia kiiango, he is no
idler, he sticks to his work, he is
steady. (2) Dim. of tango, a kind of
small cucumber. (3) A bit of
string, lace, shoelace, tuft on a
mattress, used for fastening things
up or together. (? Cf. changa,
mchango.)

Kitanguo, n. (vi-), act (means,

way, &c.) of abolishing, doing
away, bringing to nothing. (Cf.
tangua, mtanguo.)
*Kitani, n. flax, string, linen.
(Ar. See Katani.) .
Kitanitani,adv. on the back,
backwards,of position.
(Cf.
tanua,
stretch

out,

spread

out,

and

kichali.)

KITEMBWE

Kitanzi, n. (vi-), dim. of tanzi,

small loop, noose, halter, snare,
gin, e. g. loop for a button, snare
for animals or birds. (Cf. tanzi.)

Kitapo, n. shivering, shaking,

trembling,
quivering,from
cold, fear, illness, &c., e. g; the
cold stage of fever, kitapo cha
Kitao, n. (vi-), dim. of tao homa. (Cf. tapa, e. g. mwili
(which see), a small curved wanitapa, my body shakes.)
(arched, bent) thing. K. cha pingu,
Kitara, n. (vi-), a curved
the ring of fetters.
sword, scimitar. (Cf. upanga,
sime,jambia.) (? Hind.)
Kitasa, n. (vi-), (1) a box-,
door-, or cupboard-lock (cf.
kufuli, a padlock), a buckle,
fastening of a belt; (2) dim. of
tasa, small metal pot.
Kitata, n. (vi-), (1) tangle, complication, mess (cf. tata); (2) a
splint (for bandaging a broken
limb, &c.). (Cf. kigango.)
Kitatange, n. a brightcoloured sea fish with spines, a
sea porcupine (Str.).
.
Kitawa, n. and adv., devout
life (act or character), in a
religious way. Nguo za k., dress of
a devotee, habit of a monk, &c.
Fanya k., act as a devotee. Kaa k.,
lead a secluded life. (Cf. tawa,
utawai)

Kitawi, n. dim. of tawi, a small

branch, twig, cutting, bunch or
cluster of fruit on a stem ; (2) a
kind of weed ; (3) a tool used in
weaving.
Kitaya, n. jaw (cf. taya).
Hatamu yatiwa kitayani, the bridle
is attached to the jaw.

Kite, n. (1) a cry of pain, a

moan, a groan. Piga kite, give a
groan. (2) Trust, liking, affection.
Hana kite naye, he has no liking
for him, he does not trust him.
Kitefutefu, n. also Kitetefu,
sobbing, as before or after
crying. (Cf. kikeukeu.)
Kiteku,n. an iron tool,for
breaking up floors, digging up
stones, &c., a pickaxe. (Cf.
tekua.)

Kitembe, n. and adv., a defect

in speech, a lisp, thick utterance.

KITANDIKO

168

KITEMBWE

keti, and perh. rnti, kijiti, kiti.)

fibre. (Cf. utembwe, also uzt\ mzizi,

ugomba, unanasi, &c.)
Kitendawili, n. (vi-), riddle,
enigma,
puzzle,
charade,
conundrum. The common word
for propounding a riddle is tega,
e.g. Kitendawili! Heres a riddle !
Tega ! Out with it! Nyumbayaitgu
kubxva, haitia taa, my house is
large, but has no lamp. (Ans.)
Kaburi, the grave. (?From ki-tendawili, i. e. pili, acting in two ways.)

Kitimbi, n. (vi-), also Kitirnfl, a

mischievous act, trick, artifice,
stratagem. (Cf. timfi, and svn.

Kiti, n. (?'/-), a native stool,

scat. Hence a scat or chair of any
kind. K. cha kifalme, a throne. K.
cha frasi, a saddle (cf. serujt). (Cf.

Kitoma, n. (vi-), a small round

pumpkin, the outer rind or shell of
which is dried, hollowed out, and
used as a vessel for liquids; (2)
descriptive of orchitis, hydrocele.

hila.)

Kitimiri, n. (i) name of the

dog in the Seven Sleepers story;
(2) name of an evil spirit. The
consonants are sometimes written
as a kind of charm on letters to
ensure safe deliver)'. (Ar.)

Kitinda, n. (vi-), verbal of tinda

(i. e. the root of tindika). Kitinda
Kitendo, n. (vi-), act, deed, ex- niirnba, the last, youngest child,
ploit. (Cf. tend a, tendo, utendaji, lit. the ending of conception.
&c)
Kitisho, n. (vi-), terrifying,
Kitengele, n. (vi-), also Kichen- something terrifying, a terror, a
gele, stripe, band of colour, &c. menace, a fearful thing, an
(Cf. more usual mfuo, rn/ia.)
overwhelming danger. (Cf. tisha,
Kitengenya, n. (vi-), ? name of tisho, utisho, and syn. afa, kioja '.)
a bird.
Kititi,n. and adv. (1) dim. of
nipple (of the breast); (2) a
Kiteo, n. (vi-), dim. of uteo, a liti,
small
leveret; (3) kititi cha
small flat basket used for sifting. bahari, hare,
depths of the sea. As
(Cf. ungo, and tunga, more usual in adv. (1)the
fully, wholly, altogether,
Z.)
all at once ; (2) straight up,
in an erect position.
Kitete, n.(vi-), small hollow upright,
Genge limesimatna k., the cliff rose
reed, small pipe. , (Cf. utete.)
up perpendicularly. Mti umtsimika
Kitetemo, n. (vi-), trembling, k., the tree stood straight up, was
quivering, shaking, quaking. (Cf. perpendicular.
tetema, and kitcipo, tikisika.)
Kitiwanga, n. chicken-pox,
Kithiri, v. get to be more, do in also called titiwanga, and tete
kwanga.
(Cf. ndtti.)
addition, cause to be more,
increase, grow. Mtende umekithiri
Kito. n. (vi-), a precious stone,
kttzaa, the date tree has borne
more than ever. Ap. kithir-ia, iwa, gem, jewel. (Cf. johari,fusfus.)
c. g. kukithi- rtxva mapenzi, to be
n. (vi-), holee.g.
loved more than others. Cs. kithiri- oneKitobwe,
bored by an insect or tool,
sha, -shwa, make more, increase, dimple on the chin. (Cf. toboa,
&c. (Ar. Cf. syn. zidi, more usual pass, form in -e, and syn. kitundu.)
in Z.)

(Cf. boga, pumpkin,usual in Z.)

Kitono, n. (i'i-), dim. of tone, a
small drop (of liquid), a small
spot. Kattga ni ndege xva vitone-tone,
the guinea-fowl is a speckled bird.

Kitua, n. (vi-), (1) a small tree,

shrub, bush, branch; (2) shade of a
tree, shaded spot. Tuketi kituani, let
us sit in the shade. (Not usual in
Z., cf. kijiti, kivuli, which are the
common words.)

Kitongo, adv. sideways, obKituko, n. (vi-), a feeling

liquely. Tazama kitongotongo, look (object, cause, &c.) of fear, a
askance. (Cf. tongoza, kitongoji, terror, horror, fright, alarm. E. g.
and syn. ttpande, mshathari.)
inatia walu vitziko vya hofu, it causes
people alarm. Mtu yuna (ameingiwa
Kitongoji, n. (vi-), small village, tia) kituko, the man is frightened.
hamlet. I Vote xvalio nje mashamba Vi- tuko vikutishavyo, terrors which
vitongpjini, all who were out in the alarm you. (Cf. tukia, tukio, of
country villages. (Cf. tongoza, incident, accident, and so special
kitongo, and syn. kijiji.)
sensational alarming occurrence.
Or cf. shtuka (stuka, situka), shtuko,
Kitoria, n. (vi-), edible fruit of of what is startling, alarming. For
the mtoria (a kind of Landolphia). syn. cf. kitisho, kioja, afa.)
Kitoto, n. and adv. (vi-), dim.
Kitulizo, n. (vi-), a quieting inof mtoto, a small child, baby, lik6 fluence, a soothing force, a
a child, foolishly.
comfort, relief, anodyne. (From
tua, tuliza. Cf. ututulivu,faraja,
Kitovu, n. (vi-), the navel, the baridi.)
umbilical cord.
Kitumba, n. (vi-), dim. of mKitoweo, n. (pi-'), and Kitoeo, tumba, tumba, (1) a small bag, case,
anything eaten as a relish with cover ; (2) a small bud. Gunia ni k.
other food,meat, fish, curry, cha Hindi, a gunia is an Indian bag.
&c,the
third
common
ingredient being m- chuzi, gravy.
Kitumbo, n. and adv. (1) dim.
(Cf. toweza, and kiungo.)
of
tumbo,
small
stomach,
protuberance,
swelling;
(2)
Kitu, n. (vi-), (i) a thing, esp. a obesity, a large abnormal stomach
sensible, material object, but also (cf. kikono, kiguu, of malformation
what is an object to the mind; (2) or maiming); (3) as an adv., lala
substance, what a thing is made k., lie stomachwise, on the
of, matter. Mtu ni k., lakini si k., a stomach. (Cf. tumbua, m- tumba, ?
man may be regarded as a thing, mtumbwi.)
but he is not (only) a thing. Pana
k. hasira ? Is there such a thing as
Kitumbua, n. (vi-), a small pananger ? Si k., it is nothing, no mat- cake, a fritter. (Cf. prec.)
ter (cf. haithuru, mamoja). Ha- pana
L, there is nothing, nothing at all,
Kitumwa, n. and adv. (vi-), (1)
nought. K. gani hicho ? What is dim. of mtunvwa, a little slave; (2)
that? K. chake ni chuma, its service, what is servile or
substance is iron. (Cf. mtu, and degrading. Fanya k., act as a slave,
utu. The idea of substance is -a k., of a slavish, servile kind.
often conveyed by the abstract (Cf. tuma, mtumwa, &c.)
forms beginning with -u, and
nyazna is also used, chiefly of
Kitunda, n. (vi-), (1) dim. of
organic substances.)
tiinda, a small fruit; (2) a chess

KITANDIKO

pawn (Str.).

168

Kitunga, n. (vi-), dim. of tunga,

a small round flat basket.
Kitunguu, n. (vi-), an onion.
Kitunguu somu, garlic. (Sum is Ar.
for garlic.)

Kituo, n. (vi-), (1) stopping,

resting,
cessation,
respite,
remission, quiet; (2) a stoppingplace, encampment, time for rest,
stage in a journey;

KITEMBWE

always uneasy. Hana k.,

he is always on the
move (cf. opp. kitango).
Maneno yasiyo na k., talk
without
breaks
or
pauses. Piga kituo, form
an encampment. Kiswahili hakina k., the
Swahili language has no
fixed standard. (Cf. tua,
utulivit, tuo, and simama,
pu- mzika.)

Kitupa, n. (vi-), dim. of (1) tupa

(i.e. chupa in Z.), a small bottle,
( 3 ) a stop, a pause (e. g. in phial, flask; also of (2) tupa, a
talking, music, &c.), a small file.
note of punctuation, end
of a sentence. Roho yake Kitwa, n. (vi-), usually in Z
haina k., his spirit is

.sounded more as kichwa (which tcrmln. -e.)

see), head.
Kiumbizi, n. (vi-), name of a
Kitwana, n. {vi-), a boy or kind of dance with sticks. (Cf.
youth of the slave class. Dim. of ngoma.)
mtwana, and contr. kijakazi, a slave
Kiume, n. and adv. (seldom
girl.
viume in plur. for usual -a kiume
Kiu, n. absence of water, and ndume), a male, something of
drought,
want
of
water, the male kind, manly behaviour
thirstiness, thirst. Kuwa na k., kuona (bearing,
fashion;
way,
k.t to be thirsty. Komesha k., quench proceeding,
&c.),
courage,
thirst. A', ya rnaji, lack of water.
strength,
prudence,
spirit,
heroism. Waioto wa k., boys. Fanya
r
Kiua, n. (vi-), \) verbal from ua, k., act like a man, show spirit, be
v., that which kills; (2) dim. of ua, brave. Sautiya k., a bass, deep
a small enclosure, or, a small voice. Vaa k., wear a mans
flower. Also (3) name of a fish clothes, dress as a man. a. from
(perh. from (1)) ; (4) an eyelet- -time, agreeing with kitu, e. g.
hole (Str.).
kijana kiume, a young man. (Cf.
-ume, kuume, tidume, time, and
Kiuaji.n. (vt-), somethingthat contr. kike.)
kills, a fatal, deadly thing, i.e. kitu
cha kujisha, e. g. beast of prey,
Kiunga, n. {vi-), (1) suburb of a
snake, poison, fire-arms. (Cf. ua, town, suburban residence, outv.)
skirts, place adjacent. Ana k. chake
na nyumba yake mjini, he has an
Kiuka, v. step over, get (leap, estate (garden) in the suburbs, and
pass, jump) over, surmount. (Cf. a house in the town. Aka a
kia, chupa, and more usual in Z. kiungoni, he lives in the outskirts
ruka, vuka.)
of the town. The kiunga is often an
orchard, fruit or pleasure garden
Kiuma, n. {vi-,contr. vyuma, as (contr. sha- mba which is general,
plur. of chuma), (1) anything that and more in the country). (2)
bites, pierces, stings, hurts (cf. k. Name of a fish. (Cf. unga, kiungo.)
mbuzi, the goat-biter, as name of a
kind of lizard ; k. inzi, the fly-biter,
name of an insect) ; (2) esp. a
small
pointed
or
pronged
instrument, a fork, an insects
sting. (Cf. uma, n. and v.)
Kiumbe, n. {vi-), a created
thing, a creature, but usually
limited to the rational, or at least
animate creation. K. g. pana nyama
wawili na k. ki- vtoja, there arc two
animals and one man. Mti
umcumbwa kuwa k., la- kini si k., na
nyama si k., mtu ni k., a tree is a
creature like a kiumbe, but it is not
strictly a kiumbe, nor is an animal
a kiumbe, but only man. (Cf. urnba,
umbo,
maumbile,and
pass,

KITWANA

Kiungo, n. {vi-), (1) act

(method, means, &c.) of joining, a
joining, link, connecting part,
connexion, amalgamation. Hence
(2) a joint of the animal frame, a
member of the body, i.e. kiungo
cha tnwili. Vi- ungo vimeachana, the
joints have come apart. Also
achatia viungo, loosen the joints, of
a man lying at case,so too jitupa
viungo, of a sprawling attitude.
Makuti ya kiungo, or ya viungo,
cocoanut leaves prepared for use
as thatch. See Kuti. (3) Something
which seasons, gives a taste or
relish to, food, e.g. sauce, pickle,
salt, vinegar, &c., i.e. menuzi,
achali, churnvi, siki. (Cf. unga, v.)
Kiunguja, n. and adv., the
dialect of Swahili used in
Zanzibar city and neighbourhood,
as contrasted with the kindred
dialects of the coast {kimrima), of
Mombasa (kimvita), and Lama
{kiamu). Aiunguja is also used in
contrast with kiswahili, with
reference to points in which the
Zanzibar use is different from all
or most of the kindred dialects. (A

109
KIUNGUJA

native will often say Kiswahili

kilo, si kiunguja, that word is
Swahili, but it is not used in
Zanzibar, e. g. the word chaka
for hot season.) As adv., * of incense, fumigation, substance
the Zanzibar kind. (Cf. Unguja, used in fumigation.
(Cf.
and the Preface to Sacleux, vukiza.)
Dictionnaire Fran^ais-Swahili.)

Kiungulia,
n.
stomachic
disorder causing eructation or
belching, heartburn,also k. cha
moyo. (Cf. ungua, and for the
symptoms, cheuka.')

Kivuko, n. (vi-), act (place,

time, means, &c.) of crossing (e.
g. a river, marsh, &c.), crossingplace, ford, ferry ; also, fee for
crossing. K. kikavu, an isthmus
connecting two pieces of land.
(Cf. vuka)

Kiunguza, n. (vi-), and

similarly Kiunguzo, something
Kivuli, n. (vi-), (i) a shade, a
which
burns,
causes
the shady place, a shadow; (2) a
sensation of burning,as fire, ghost. (Cf. mvuli,uvuli, mwavuli.)
acid, &c. (Cf. ungua.)
Kivumbasi, n. a strongKiungwana, adv. of a gentle- smelling herb, used by the
manly, civilized, educated kind natives to keep off mosquitoes,
(style, fashion, character, &c.), a kind of basil. (Cf. rihani.)
in a way becoming a free man.
Miv- anamke wa k., a lady (by
Kivumbi, n. and adv. (vi-), a
birth or manners). -a kiungwana, particle of dust, like dust, dusty;
gentlemanly, courteous, &c. Cf. also, a dust-cloud, sand-storm
phrase hajambo ya kiungwana, i. e. (?). (Cf. vumbi.)
he is quite well enough to work,
Kivumi, n. (vi-),
also
if he chooses. (Cf. -ungwana.)
similarly
Kivumo,
(1)
a
Kruno, n. (vi-), loin, flank, rumbling (humming, buzzing,
waist, the part just above the or roaring) sound, rumble, hum,
hips (nyonga), and groin (nena). buzz, &c.; (2) a rumour, a report,
In building, an abutment. Jambia bit of gossip, hearsay. (Cf. vuma,
kiunoni na bakora mkononi, dagger ttvumi.)
at waist and stick in hand.
Kivunjo, n. (yi-), act (means,
Kiunza, n. (vi-), a board laid way, &c.) of breaking. (Cf.
over a corpse, when placed in a vunja, invunjo, &c.)
grave,also called mlango wa
Kivuno, n. (vi-), a harvest,
maili, the dead mans door.
Sometimes bamboos or sticks profit, something worth having.
Ganda la mua chungu kaona kivuno,
are so used.
a bit of chewed sugar-cane the
Kiunzi, n. (vi-), a wooden ant thought a prize. (Cf. vuna,
frame or structure, esp. of and syn. chumo, faida.)
shipwrights work, the hull of a
-kiwa, a. solitary, alone,
vessel,the chief native example
of construction in wood. (Cf. desolate, abandoned, outcast
(with pfx. m-, and wa-, of
unday mwunzi.)
persons, pa- of place, and u- of
Kivi, n. (vi-), elbow. (Cf. things,nyumba ukiwa, shamba
kisigino.)
ukiwa). (Cf. ukiwa, and upweke,
Kivimba, n. (vi-), and similarly
Kivimbe (or -i), a swelling, a
protuberance,
girth,
circumference,
bigness
of

peke yake, -hame.)

Kiwaa, n. (vi-), dim. of waa,

KITWANA

109

small spot, blotch, patch, stain, viwamba, children

who crawl and
KIUNGUJA
blemish, blot. (Cf. kipaku, ila.)
who walk with
something to hold
to. (Cf. watnba, and follg.)
Kiwamba, n. (vi-), a little
frame, support, prop. Watoto Kiwambaza, n. (vi-), also Kiyawanaotambaa 71a wanaokwendea
mbaza, Kiambaza, a wall as mad
represented almost entirely by the
e
by natives, i.e. a screen of sticks Ar. hesabtt and daraja.) (2) Imfastened to upright poles and portance, account, dignity, posifilled up with kneaded earth and tion ; (3) behaviour or duties
proper to a position, province,
\
KIWAMBO

171

KIWIMAWIMA

stones. (Cf. wamba, kiwambo, and sphere of action. Ni k . chatign

kusema, it is my duty (it is proper
ukutcu)
for me) to speak thus. K. cha
Kiwambo,
n. mtumwa, the position of a slave.
(z//-),alsoKiyambo, Kmmbo the
Kiwavi, n. (vi-), a nettle, sea
act (process, means, &c.) of
making one thing cover another, nettle (Str.).
and esp. of the thing which
Kiwe, n. (vi-), pimple, vesicle,
covers, overlays, or is stretched
over another, e. g. the k. of a drum pustule,as on the head after
(Cf. upele.)
(ngoma) is the skin strained tightly shaving the hair.
over it, ngozi iliyowambiwa ttgoma.
K. cha makuti, a screen of cocoanut
leaves. K. cha kitanda, the lacing of
a bed-frame with cord. (Cf.
wamba, kiwambaza.)
Kiwanda,
n.
(z//-),also
Kiwanja, a plot of ground, used
for occupation rather than
cultivation, whether open or
enclosed, i. e. a yard, premises,
&c. uncovered or covered, i.e. a
shed, a workshop, e. g. unipatic k.,
tiataka kujenga ttyumba, get me a
piece of ground, 1 want to build a
house. Hii ilikiiwa ttyumba,
imevunjika, sasa tti k. tu, this was a
house, but it was taken down, and
now it is only a piece of ground.
Akatiwa kiwa naatti kushotta ttguo,
he was put in a workshop to learn
tailoring. (Cf. uwattda, uwanja.)
Kiwango, n. (vi-), (1) number, a
number (cf. wanga, and chco.
Kiwango is the 11. word, but in Z.

Kiweko, n. (vi-), also Kiwiko

Kiwele, n. (vi-), milk-gland of a
(cf. tweka, and twika;, (1) act, &c. female animal, udder.
of placing (sec Ki- and Weka),
Kiwembe, n. (vi-), dim.
placefor putting, placing, resting,
position; (2) pedestal, base, rest, oiuwcmbe, a small razor, a knife.
socket. Used of wrist, k. cha (Cf. kisu, kijembe.)
rnkotto, and ankle, k. cha mguii.
Kiweo, n. (vi-), thigh, ham, esp.
(Cf. weko, kisigitto, kifundo.)
of animals. (Cf. paja, more
usual
in Z.)
Kiwete, n. and adv. (1)
lameness, crippled condition ; (2)
a crippled person, a cripple; (3) in
a lame, halting, crippled way.
Kwcttda k.t walk lamely, -a k.,
crippled. Yu k., ana k., he is lame.
(Cf. ki/cma, kiguu, chechemea.)
Kiwi, n. (vi-), (1) stout stick,
bar of wood, set against a door,
inside, as a fastening, &c. (cf.
komco, pingo); (2) state of being
dazzled, dazed, unable to see
clearly, i. e. k. cha macho. Jua
lafanya k. cha macho, the sun blinds
me, dazzles me. I/aoni ttsiku, ana k.,
he does not see at night, his sight
is defective.
Kiwiko, n. (vi-). See Kiweko.
Kiwiliwili, n. and adv. (vi-),
variously used as (1) the body in
general, of man, animals, birds,
See., like mwili; (2) the main part
of the body, the trunk, i. e. not
with the head or limbs or both ;
(3) a part of the body, mcml>cr,
limb; (4) bulk, girth, size (cf.
kivimba, uncnc). A'usikiva kiva fisi, si
k. tu i to be buried by a hyaena, is
not that just leaving the body as it
is, no grave at all ? Viwili- wili
vyangu vyotc vizirna, all my
members arc whole. K. chake
chapa- tajef What does its bulk
come to? What docs it measure
round ? As adv., in a bodily form.
(Cf. mwili. Dist. -wili, two, kmvi/i.
Sec.)

KITWANA

109

Kiwimawima, adv. in an erect g. of a steep KIUNGUJA

hill, precipice. (Cf.
position, upright, per pendicular,
simarna, ima, 7wima.
steep,

)Kiwimbi, n. and adv. (vi-), dim.

of wimbi, wavelet, ripple, eddy. As
adv., like a wave. Kama viwimbi,
undulating, with ridges, hillocks,
&c.

Kizee, n. (vi-) and adv., (1) an

old person, or thing, esp. an old
woman, crone, hag; (2) in
antiquated style, old-fashioned. -a
kizee, antique, old, old-fashioned
(cf. -a kikale). Enda kizee, walk like
Kiwingu, n. (vt-), dim. of wi/tgu, an old person. (Cf. -zee, mzee, and
a small cloud.
perh. zaa.)
*Kiyama, n. the general
Kizembe, n. and adv. (vi-),
resurrection of the dead, as idling, slack (remiss, negligent)
conceived by Mahommedans, lit. conduct or act. (Cf. -zentbe, uvivu,
standing up, rising up. (Ar. Cf. ulegevu.)
ufufuo.)
Kizibo, n. (vi-), (1) anything
Kiyambasa, n. (vi-). See Kiwa- used to stop a hole or opening, a
mbaza.
stopper, plug, cork* bung, &c.,
and (2) fig. of what is used merely
Kiyoga, n. (vi-), a mushroom.
for filling a hole, i.e. stop-gap,
padding, temporary expedient.
Kiyowe, n. (vi-), cry, shout, (Cf. ziba, mzibo.)
scream, esp. of a call for help.
Piga k., cry out for help. (Cf.
Kizimba, n. (vi)-, ?ilso Kizimbi,
ukelele, kilio, kigelegele, ski me.)
a cage with bars, coop for fowls,
&c. (Cf. kiHmba, tundn.)
Kiza, n. (vi-), more usually giza
in Z., darkness, gloom, dimness,
Kizimwe, n. (vi-), also Kizimwi,
night. See Giza.
( 1 ) something dried up,
Kizalia, n. (vi-), that which is
dead, withered. Nazi
born in a given place, home-bom,
kizimwe,
a cocoanut
indigenous, native, e.g. of homewithout milk or nutty
bom slaves. Hnyu k. Unguja, this
substance,
dry and
man was born in Zanzibar. (Cf.
empty (cf. zima and
mzalia, zaa, and kiktilia, kimelea.)
-zinnve).
Kizao, n. (vi-), a product,
production, offspring. (Cf. zaa,
zao.)

Kizazi, n. (vi-), any part or step

in causing birth, or being bom,
procreation, generation. Usually
(r) birth, production of offspring,
being bom. Haya niliyoandika ya k.
cha Buge, this is my account of the
circumstances of Buges birth. Ana
k., he has birth, he is a man of
family. (2) That which is born, a
birth,
offspring,
whether
individually a child, a young
one, or collectively a generation. K. hiki, the present generation. (Cf. zaa, uzazi, mzazi.) v

( 2 ) smut, blight (on cereals,

&c.) ;
( 3 ) a fairy, an evil spirit.
(Cf. zinvwi, mzimu.)
Kizinga, n. (vi-),
mzinga, which see.

dim.

of

Kizingiti, n. (vi-), top or bottom

piece of the frame of a door or
window, threshold, sill, lintel; (2)
bar of a river, reef of rocks,
natural dam, weir. Mlango wa k.,
opening in a bar or reef, sluice,
floodgate. (Cf. mlango, kunandu,
mwimo.)

KIWIMBI

Kizingo, n. (vi-), turning, winding, curve, bend, e.g. of a river,

road. -a k., sinuous, winding,
roundabout. Also kizingozingo. (Cf.
mzingo, zinga, ztmguka.)

Kizio, n. (vi-), a half of a cocoanut, i. e. kizio cha nazi, and of other

fruit, cut in halves.
Kiziwi, n. (vi-), a deaf person.
(Cf. ukiziwi, and possibly ziba. For
form cf. kipofu, kizee, kibiongo, kilema, &c.)
Kizizi, n. (vi-), small stall, &c.
Dim. of zizi, which see.
Kizua, n. See Mazua.
Kizuio, n. (vi-), and Kizuizo
(and -zi), restraining, keeping
back,
restraint,
obstruction,
hindrance, stopper. (Cf. zuio, zuia,
pinga, mgogoro.)

Kizuka, n. (vi-), (1) something

which appears suddenly, thing
seldom seen, an apparition,
phantom, ghost, portent. Hence
(2) fairy, evil spirit, ghost; (3) and
also a widow living

172

K1ZUKA

in seclusion after her husbands

death. (Cf. sttka, kizushi.)
Kizuli,
n.
also
Kisuli,
giddiness, mental confusion. (Cf.
zulu, rna- zua, zulika.)

Kizungu, n. and adv., a

European language, in European
style. Sent a k.} speak a European
language. Vaa k.% wear European
dress. -a k., European. (Cf. mzungu
(wa- and mi-), and perh. zunguka
and follg.)
Kizunguzungu, n. (vi-), giddiness, whirl, i. e. kizunguzuttgu cha
kichwa, vertigo. Mkottdo wa k., an
eddy, whirlpool. Mzungu mambo
yake tti kizunguzuttgu, a Europeans
ways makes ones head go round.
(Cf. kizua, mazua, and zunguka,
mzungu.)

Kizushi, n. (vi-), a person or

thing suddenly appearing, i.e. ( i )
newcomer,
intruder,
heretic,
revolutionist;
(2)
novelty,
phenomenon,
sensation,
apparition. Mwana wa mtu tti
kizushi, akizuka zuka naye, i. e. there
is no knowing what a man may
do, best follow all his movements.
(Cf. zua, zuka, kizuka, uzttshi.)
Kizuu, n. {vi-), a kind of evil
spirit, capable of being employed
to enter houses in the form of rats
and kill people by devouring their
livers. (? Cf. prec. and zua, also
see TJchawi.)

death which overtook him. Ko as

a separate word only appears in
such a phrase as ko kote,
wherever,
under
whatever
huko, ku, mo,
-kocircumstances.
is a form of the(Cf.
Demonstr.
po.)the 0 (a) either denoting
Pfx. ku,
reference or relative distance, *
n. (1)
(ma-),it athe
band of
there; {b)Koa,
or else
giving
plate, esp.
as worn for
force thin
of metal
a relative
pronoun,
ornament
or arm,
where
(see Ku).onKothe(1)neck
forms
la fetha, a silver
part ofe.g.
thek. Demonstr.
adv. armlet;
huko k. la
s/iiugo, a see;
neck(2)ring
(sometimes
and kuko,which
affixed
to
broadened
crescent
ndi- and
Pcrs. Pfx.into
anda the
verb shape
front)
(cf. ttkoa,haskikoa,
-wa orin its
equivalents,
a also
furungu, force
kikuku,
and
for
demonstrative
usually local,
ornaments
generally
uretnbo). (2)
* there,
thence, thither,
c. g.yuko,
andNdiko
ma-), aliko
a snail,
slug.
he is (,
there.
, that
is Ute wa
slime
a snail. (Cf.
where k.,he the
is. (3)
In of
verb-forms
konokono.)
generally
is the form of relative
pronoun agreeing with the Infin.
Kobe,
n. (ma-),
a land tortoise.
Mood, and nouns
and pronouns,
(Cf. kasa,
mkobc, a
&c. with
the ttg'amba.
Pfx. ku.Dist.
Huko
wallet.)
attakokwenda
, there where he is
going. Ktt/a kulikompata, the
Koboa, v. See Goboa.

Kobwe, n. a kind of bean, like

kuttdc, sold in Z.

Koche, n. (ma-), the edible

fruit of a kind of palm. See
Mkochi.

Kodi, n. rent, tax, customs.

(? Hind. Cf. Ar. ushuru.)

Kodoa, v. esp. with macho,

open the eyes wide, stare, glare.
Ap. kodolca (macho), -ewa, stare at,
gaze at fixedly with eyes wide
open. Kwani kttttikodolea macho ?
Why are you staring at me? (Cf.
ngariza, kaza macho.)

Kodwe, n. small stone, used as

a marble in games,as are
korosho and komwe. (Cf.jiwc,
rnbwe.)

Kofi, n. (ma-), (1) fiat of the

hand, the palm extended or
upturned; (2) * a blow with the
open hand, slap, box on the cars ;
(3) as much as can IM held on the
palm of the upturned hSnd. J'iga
k., (1) slap, box on the ear, (2)
clap the hands. (Cf. mkotto, and
for handfull ttkufi, kikoji, chopa,
kottzi.)

KIWIMBI
Koga, n. mould, blight,
mustiness. Fa/iya (o/a) k., get
mouldy (blighted). (Cf. kutu,
kizwiwe, and dist. ukoga.) Also v.
for kuoga, bathe. See Oga.

172

K1ZUKA

Koko, n. (, and ma-), (1)

stone of a fruit,the kernel being
kiini (cf. kokwa) ; (2) bush,
underwood, jungle. Mbwa koko, a
bush-dog, i.e. in a semi-wild state.
Kaa makoko, small mud crabs (cf.
mkoko). (Dist. koko for, or plur. of,
ukoko.)

Kogo, n. the part of the skull

which projects at the back, the
Kokoa, v. sweep up, collect toback of the head, occiput. (Cf. gether in a heap,of dust,
kikosi, kishogo.)
rubbish, &c., i.e. k. matakataka, Ps.
koko- lew a, e.g. ?nchanga
Kohoa, v. cough. Cs. koko- tmakokolewa na jnaji, the sand is
za,
swept away by the water. (Cf.
zoa,fagia.)
-zwa. Jikohoza, cough on purpose
(as a sham, to attract attention, to
Kokomoka, v. belch, vomit
deceive a person, &c.). (Cf. follg. violently, and fig. blurt out, burst
and koo.)
out with. (Cf. bubujika, and tapika.)
Kohooi, n. (ma-) and Kohozi,
Kokota, v. drag, haul, tug at,
expectoration, sputum, phlegm pull along, draw. K. gari, draw a
coughed up. (Cf. prec., and cart (carriage). K. roho, used of
ukohozi, ki- kohozi, belghamu.)
slow painful breathing. K. maneno,
slow dragging speech, difficult
Koikoi, n. (ma-), a kind of evil of
articulation. K. kazi, work slowly.
spirit. (Cf. pepoi)
Jikokota, move slowly (reluctantly,
Ps. kokotwa. Nt. koko- teka.
Koja, n. (i) a neck ornament, a &c.).
kokot-ea, -ewa, e. g. kamba za
ring with disks or coins attached Ap.
kukokotea
cords to draw with. Cs.
worn round the neck (cf. koa, and kokot-eza,, -ezwa
, e.g. kokoteza kazi,
urembo); (2) a kind of metal pot work slowly (whether
care
(cf. kopo, sufuria) ; (3) see Khoja. or laziness). (Contr. ki~ from
mbiza, and
Kojoa, v. urinate, make water. cf. endeleza.) (Cf. - koko tevu,
Ap. kojolea. Kopo (cho?nbo, bakuli) kokoto, and syn. vuta.)
la kukojolea, chamber-pot. Cs. koa. (same with D 5
josha, e.g. dawa ya kukojosha, a (S),-kokotevu,
6), dragging, dilatory, slow.
diuretic. (Cf. follg. and mkojo, also (Cf. D
prec.)
nya, and Ar. tabawali.)
Kokoto,
n. (ma-), usu. in plur.
Kojozi, n. urine (for common
stones, esp. with reference
mkojo). Also, that which causes small
to use as material (e.g. makokoto ya
micturition. (Cf. prec.)
kupigilia, for use in concrete, m. ya
Koka, v. set on fire (or ? heap kutomelea, for use in plastering),
up, e.g. kokeni mabiwi ya moto, of and classed according to size, as
burning rubbish). Seldom in Z., compared with common fruits,
for common tia (or, choina) moto, e.g. makokoto ya ndimu (lime size),
washa. Also koka for kuoka, bake m.ya vialimau (lemon size), m. ya
(see Oka, and cf. koga for kuoga). nazi (cocoanut size). (Cf. kokota.)
(Perh. cf. chocha, and obs. kokoa.)
Kokwa, n. (, and ma-), stone

 of a fruit. See Koko (with chakula, flavour food with ghee.

which it seems connected).
Ubishi wake haukukolea, his joke
fell flat. Obs. Cs. form in koleza
Kolea, v. (1) put something into
moto, make up a fire, make it bum
food to give it a taste, season
(with), flavour (with), give a relish up (with oil, shavings, &c.) (? cf.
to; (2) be properly seasoned, have koka). (Cf. follg., also syn. unga,
a flavour; and (3) fig. have point kiungo, and kitoweo. Also cf. in Kr.
koleza, v., seize person or property.
(force, meaning). K. samli katika

Kolekole, n. name of a large fish, ?

dolphin.

Koleo, n. (, and wa-), a

KOLEKOLE
175
EOMBO
smiths tool
for handling his
work, i.e. kidude cha kushikia )of milk, but beginning to form
chuma, a pair of tongs, e.g. the soft nutty substance inside.
kuzima koleo si tnwisho wa tihunzi, K. chu- ttgtt, clean out a cooking
cooling the tongs is not the end pot. K. taka (maji, vitmbi), clean
of the job. Also (1) any similar out dirt (water, dust). K. mtu
instrument, pincers, &c. ; (2) malt, clear a man out of his
notch in an arrow (held on the money, ruin, impoverish. Ps.
string with the fingers). (Cf. kombwa. Nt. ko- mbeka, be
cleaned or cleared out. Ap.
prec.)
komb-ea, -ewa,also komb-elea,
*Koli, n. and Kol, a ships -elewa, -eleka, -elesha, -eleshwa, e.
g. amekombeleka malt, he has lost
papers. (? Ar. kul.)
every penny he had. Kombelesha
Eoma, v. cease, come to an mchuzi kwa ivali, sop up the
end,
stop,
decease.
Also gravy with the rice. Cs. kotnbsometimes act., bring to an end, esha, -eshwa. (Cf. ttkombe, kombo,
close. Lisilo m- koma, hujikoma lilo, kornbe, kikombe, komba, kikomba,
what has no one to end it, ends kombeo, komboa, and ? kumba.)
of itself. IVali- pokoma nussu ya
Komba, n. a small racoonttjia, when they ended half the
journey. Yalipo- koma magrebi, like animal, galago,common
in
Z. and very destructive to
when evening set in. Koma ttsije,
stop coming further. Cs. kom- cocoanuts. (Cf. prec.)
esha, -eshwa, make stop, bring to
Kombamoyo, n. (wa-), a
an end, thwart, forbid, kill,
usually implying some force or long thin straight pole. Used as
abruptness. Komesha matte no, rafters in constructing the roof
stop conversation, cut short a of native huts, resting on the
debate. (Cf. kikomo, ukorno, ? it side poles (nguzo) and carrying the
koma, and syn. isha, ttyamaa, cross-pieces i.fito) and thatch.
titidika.) n. (wa-), the edible
Kombe, n. (, and wa-), (1)
fruit of a kind of palm, mkotna
anything hollowed or scraped
(same as koche, a local name).
out, flat and slightly curved, and
Komaa., v. (1) be fully ripe, be also (2) an instrument suited for
full
grown
(developed, scraping or hollowing. Hence
matured), and so (2) be past the various meanings, e.g. (1) a
prime, fall off, begin to lose large dish, pan, or platter of
charger
(cf.
powers, decline, become de- earthenware,
moralized. Cs. komaza, unduly kikombe). (2) bivalve shell-fish
stimulate, over-excite, make and their shells, such as oysters,
game
of,
mock.
Usinene &c., k. ya pivatti (cf. korne,
nakukomaza, do not say I am kottokono, kauli). (3) Shoulder
talking improperly with you. blade, k. la bega, or la mkono, also
(Cf. pevuka, balehi, -zirna.) of an empty skull, k. la kiehwa
(cf. kichwa, bupuru, fuvit or fuu).
Homan n. (wa-), fruit of the (4) Like ukombe, a gouge,
scraper, e.g. tniiba na kombe za
tree Mkomafl, which see.
kunichoma, thorns and sharp
Eomsmanga, n. (wa-), pome- edges hurting1 me. Also of the
granate, the fruit of the mkoma- fluke of an anchor, baura ya
manga. (Cf. tnkoma, and manga.)
makombe mawili, a European
anchor with two flukes. (Cf.
Komba, v. scrape out, hollow
out,
cleanout.
E.g.X*./j&w/7,makeadrum (by

komba, v. and note, and ukombe.)

Kombeo, n. (ma), a slingfor

throwing stones.
Kombo, n. (wa-), (1) a scrap, a
scraping, a bit of food remaining

KOLEKOLE

over. (2) Like kikombo (which

compare) (a) twist, turn, crook,
crookedness, {b) deviation from
the straight or standard, defect,
fault, ill temper, awkwardness,
difficulty, sticking point. Mti huu ni
kombo kombo, or una kombo, this
tree is all crooked. Hapana k., there
is no difficulty, it is all
straightforward, plain sailing.
Mimi, ni k. nayo, as for me, I just
cannot do it. (3) Escape, acquittal,
pardon, e.g. omba k., ask for
pardon, -pa k., grant pardon. (Cf.
komboa, and komba, v. and note.)
Komboa, v. (1) scrape out, and
so (2) ransom, redeem, deliver,
make compensation for, pay for.
Nita- komboa mtu aliyeuzwa, I will
redeem the man who was sold. K.
deni, pay a debt, compensate a
creditor. (3) Make crooked, warp,
put out of the straight, or out of
shape, give a turn (or twist) to,
and so fig. cause difficulty to,
thwart, hamper, give trouble to.
Ps. kotnbolewa. Nt. komboka, e.g.
(1) be crooked, (2) be redeemed.
Ap. kombo-lea, -leza, -lezwa, e. g.
ftialiya kukombolea, money for a
ransom. Cs. kombo-za, -zwa, (1)
make crooked, (2) cause to
ransom. (Cf. kotnba, v. and note,
also mkombozi, ukontbozi.)

175

EOMBO

Komea, v. bolt, bar, fasten with

a komeo. Ps. komewa. Nt. korneka.
Ap. kotne-lea, -lewa, e.g. ufunguo
wa kukomelea, a key to move a bolt.
Cs. kom-eza, -ezwa, cause to fasten
a door. ^ (Cf. komeo, komoa, kiwi,
funga, pingo.)

Komeo, n. {ma-), bar, bolt,

latch (of wood), for fastening a
door or window, a kind of native
lock. (Cf. prec.)
Komoa, v. unbar, i.e. remove
the komeo. Ps. komolewa. Ap.
komo- lea, -lewa.
(Cf. komea.)
Komwe, n. (wa-), seed of a
plant mkomwe, used as counters
in playing games.
Konda, v. also Gonda, grow
thin,
become
lean,
be
emaciated, get into low
condition of health or body,
pine. Cs. kond-esha, -eshwa,
cause to get thin, wear out,
dispirit,
cause
to
pine
(languish). Jikondesha, worry
oneself by brooding, taking a
matter too much to heart.
Kondavi, n. {ma-), a broad
belt of beads worked in
patterns,worn by women.
(Cf. ushanga, utunda.)
Konde, n. {ma-), (1) fist, closed
hand. Piga k., strike with the fist
(knuckles of the closed hand), i.e,
kwa nyuma ya vidole. Piga moyo k.,

*Kombora,n. a bomb, a shell, take courage, cheer up, make a

also a mortar for throwing bombs. bold resolve (cf. ngttmi, konzi). (2)
(Ar.)
A field, clearing, cultivated piece
ground. Litna k., till a plot of
Kombozi, n. (ma-), generally of
ukombozi, ransom Redemption- land. (Cf. shatnba.)
money, payment, compensation.
Kondo, n. Kondo ya nyuma,
(Cf. prec.)
after-birth. (Cf. mkondo. Kondo,
Kome, n.(, and ma-), also war, is not used in Z.)
Gome, a kind of shell and shellKondoo, n. (, and ma-), a
fish. K. za pwani, univalves. (Cf. sheep. Chunga k., keep sheep,
kombe, and gome.)
t
act as shepherd. Manyoya ya k.,

wool, fleece. K. mume (or,

ndume), a ram. K. jike, ewe. (Cf.
kikondoo. Sheep, mostly of the
fat-tailed kind, are imported to
Z., but not kept or bred there.)
Konga, v. grow old, get feeble
with age. Mzee huyu amekonga,
hawezi kufanya kazi, this old man is
weak # with age, he cannot work.
Cs. kong-esha, -eshwa, make old,
add to the age of, wear out, e. g.
with nagging or abuse. (Cf.
-kongwe, kongoja.)

Kongo, n. plur. of ukonge,

fibres of a kind of Sansevieria
{mkonge), used for making string
and cord. See Mkonge.
Kongo, n. also Koongo. See
Korongo.
Kongoa, v. draw out, cut out*

KOLEKOLE

175

EOMBO

Konka, v. take a sip of, get a

Kono, n. (wa-), something that ment of the throat; () mucus from

projects, sticks out, e. g. a handle,
a shoot or sprig of a plant. (Cf. throat, expectoration (cf. kohoa, as
if kohoo and kohozi). (a) Of a breedrnkono, kikono, ukono.)
ing animal or bird, e.g. k. la kuku, a
Konoa, v. See Konyoa.
breeding fowl. A*, la mbusi, a
Kono kono, n. (wa-), a snail. breeding goat (an idiomatic
(Cf. koa.)
inversion of kuku wa koo, cf.
Konyeza, v. make a covert sign pandikizi la mtu,
to, i. e. in order to attract notice, to
warn, to give a hint to, e. g. k. kwa
macho, raise the eyebrows, wink ;
k. kwa mkono, make a significant
gesture, Ap. konye-zca, -uwa. (Cf.
follg. and ashiria, onya. Kr. has
konya, deceive, hoodwink,not
usual in

z.)

Konyezo, n. (ma-), a sign, hint,

suggestion, warning. (Cf. prec.)
Konyoa, v. break off, pluck off,
tear off, esp. with some
instrument, e.g. of removing the
grains from a cob of maize, by
pounding, i. e. k. tnahitidi. K. embe,
peel a mango with a knife. Also k.
maungo, dismember, quarter. Ps.
konyolewa. Nt. konyoka. Ap. konyolca, -lewa.

Konzi, n. (, and ma-), (i)

closed fist. Piga k., rap with the
knuckles, with the back of the
hand, (a) A fistful, as much as can
be taken up in the closed fingers,
i. c. vidole vili- vyofumlnva, c. g. teka
konzi rnbili za mchele, take two
fistfuls of rice. (Cf. konde, ngumi,
also koji, chopa.)
Konzo, n. (ma-), large stick,
stake, or pole,with the end
pointed and hardened with fire,
used as weapon, hunting-spear, or
in. pitfalls set for large animals.
(Cf. mkottzo, mkuki.)
Kuo. n. (ma-), (i) throat; (a) ail-

KOPA

178

KORONGO

&c.). (Dist. mkoo, ukoo, and cf. metal articles, e. g. kopo la ntaji, a
umtOj roho.)
gutter, rain spout. (Cf. tasa, sufuria,
and for other vessels generally
Kopa, n. (ma-), a slice of dried chombo, chungu.)
cassava (vihogo). (Cf. vihogo,
ubale.)
Kora, v. please, satisfy, be on
good (comfortable, confidential)
Kopa, v. (i) get food or money terms with, be loved by. Chakula
on credit, borrow for trading hiki kimenikora, this food has satispurposes, i.e. on promise to fied me. Ps. korwa, c. g. be loved
account
for
according
to by, have ones wishes met by, be
agreement, negotiate a loan on pleased with. (Ar. Cf. syn. pendeza,
credit. K. mail (nguo,fetha), borrow rilhisha.)
goods (cloth, cash). (2) Swindle,
cheat, defraud, get on false
Korani, n. the Coran, the Mapretences. Ps. kopwa, i.e. (1) (of hommedan Bible. (Cf. sura,
things) be borrowed ; (2) (of chapter; juzu, ay a, short section;
persons) be swindled. Ap. kop-ca, soma and hitima for reading.)
-ewa, borrow from (for, with, &c.),
cheat by (for, with, &c.), e. g. . *Korija, n. and Korja, a score, a
nimekukopea nguo kwa Baniani kwa lot of twenty, twenty together.
reale mbili, kwa muda wa miezi Used in selling poles, strings of
miwili, I have borrowed cloth for beads, lengths of cloth, &c.
you from the Banian for two
Korodani, n. sheave of a
dollars on a credit of two months.
Cs. kop-esha,-eshwa,-eshea, -eshewa, pulley. (?Ar. Cf. roda.)
lend, supply goods on credit (to),
-korofi, a. (same with D 4 (P),
advance as a loan, e. g. mlipe mtu
kadiri akukopesheavy0, pay him as D 5 (S), D 6), (1) evil-minded,
much as he advances to yon. (Cf. tyrannical, destructive, malignant,
brutal, savage; (2) inauspicious, of
Ar. azimu, karithi.)
ill omen, unlucky. Mkorofi sana
Hope, n. (, and ma-), (1) huyu, he is a monster of cruelty.
burnt end of the wick of candle or Ndege korofi, an evil (inauspicious,
lamp, snuff, i. e. kope la taa, hope la unlucky) omen. (Cf. follg. and
utambi; (2) eye-lid, e. g. nje ya kope ukorofi.)
chozi likichuuza, outside the eye-lid
Koroflka, v. be treated brutally,
a tear was trickling. Kwa kope la
juu na chini, in the twinkling of an be ruined. Also Cs. korof-isha, -ishzua, treat with cruelty, bring to
eye. (Cf. ukope, kikope, kopesa.)
ruin. (Cf.prec.,and syn. haribika,
Kopesa, v. kopesa macho, angamia.)
wink. (Cf. kope,pepesa macho,finya
Koroga, v. stir, stir up, mix by
stirring (of liquids). K. rnaji, make
macho.)
Kopo, n. (, and via-), used water muddy by stirring. Ps.
very generally of any vessel of korogiva. Ap. korog-ea, -ewa, stir
metal (esp. of tin, zinc, sheet with (in, for, &c.). Cs. korog- esha,
iron), can, mug, pot, jug, cup, -eshwa. (Cf. buruga, vuruga, pigisha,
Scc.,the size being relatively mkorogo.)
indicated by the declension, e. g.
Koroma, v. snore, snort, groan,
kikopo, a small jug, makopo, very
large jugs. Used also of other and of similar sounds. Amesikia
wamekoroma, he .has heard them
N

snoring. n. (via-), (1) a snore,

snoring, snort (cf. vikoromo, tnkoroviaji, visono). (2) A cocoanutjust
becoming ripe, the milk drying,
the nutty part formed and
hardening, between the stages of
dafu and nazi. See Nazi.
Korongo, n. (via-), (1) a hole
dibbled or dug in the ground for
planting or sowing. Mavilaka ya
kupiga makorongo na kupiga mrabba,

the office of making the holes and

marking ont the plots. (2) Name of
a crane, and so fig. used of a
lean, lanky person.
Kororo, n. (wa-), a crested
guinea-fowl,the common sort
being kanga.
Koro*ho, n. (wa-), a cashew
nut, produced by the tree mbibo
or m- kanju. (Cf. bibo, durtge.)

to

be had, fail. Muungu

hakosekatti wala haft, God never
fails (is absent) or dies. Neno hili
limekoseka, this affair has been
bungled. Ap. kos- ea, -exva,offend
(against, about, &c.). Kosea
sheria, commit a legal offence.
Cs. kos-esha, -eshwa, cause to do
wrong, mislead. Kp. kosana, c. g.
miss each other, quarrel, treat
each other badly, disagree. (Cf.
-kosefu, ukosefu, ukosekano.)
n. (wa*),
mistake, a miss, error, fault,
failing,
failure,
defect,
wiongdoing, sin. Si kosa lake, it is
not his fault. Tia kosdni, blame,.
accuse. Sahihisha makosa, correct
mistakes.
kosefu, a. (same with 1) 4 (P),
D 5 (S), D 6), full of (given to,
liable to) mistakes, erroneous,
defective, &c. (Cf. prec.)

Koru, n. also Kuro, a waterKosi, n. or Kozi, (1) name of

buck.
a large bird of *prey, vulture,
eagle (cf. tai,furukombe); (2) like
Kosa, v. (i) make a mistake kikosi, back of the neck, nape, i.
(ac to), do wrong (to), offend e. nyuma ya shingo. Vttnja kosi,
(against), go astray (in), blunder, break the neck. (Cf. kogo,
err; (2) fail to get (hit, find, kishogo.)
attain), miss (a mark), fall short,
be deficient, be defective; (3)
Kota, n. (tna-), (1) a crook,
lack, be without, lose, suffer loss bend, crooked condition, e. g. k.
of. E. g. nimekosa, I have failed, la miguu, crooked legs (cf. more
done
wrong,
sinned. usual kombo); (2) sweet stalks of
I/amkunikosa neno hatta siku rnoja, a kind of millet, chewed like
you never treated me badly sugar-cane (cf. bua, and mtarnd).
(failed in duty to me) in any
particular. Mtu akikosa tnali hazvi
Kota, v. kota rnoto, warm
mtu mbele ya watu, a man without oneself by the fire. (See Ota,
money is not a man in the sight with Infin. kuota, kota, and tnof men. Amem- kosa rtduguyc, he olo.)
has lost his brother. K, njia, miss
the road. K\ nyama, miss
Kotama, n. a thin curved
(shooting) an animal. K. ska- broad- bladed knife, used in
(aha, miss the- mark. Kosakosa, getting palm wine (tembo), esp.
make a scries of blunders. Ps. for cutting a thin slice from the
koswa. Nt. koseka, e. g. be done growing shoot to enable the sap
wrongly,with Kp. kosekana, e. to flow more freely. (Cf. gema,
g. be missed, be wanting, be not and for knives, kikotama,

KOPA

kisti,jambia, kijembe.)

178

Kote, a. form of -ote,all,

agreeing with D 8. As adv. kote,
kotekote,
under
all
circumstances, everywhere, on
all sides.
Kovu, n. (, and tna-), scar,
mark of a wound or injury.
Ku (also kw- before a vowel,
and sometimes k before 0 and u, e.
g. kwettda, koga, kote), beside its
independent use, is a pfx. used in
verbs, adjectives, a few nouns, and
in the prep. kwa (ku-a). (See follg.)
Used inde- . pcndently, ku means
ts, are, cither with purely general
reference to circumstances or
environment, i. c. it is, there is,
or referring to an Infinitive or
noun beginning with ku-, e. g. ku
fnverna Ico, it is nice to-day; kufa
ku rahisi, dying is easy.
Ku-, 1. in verbs, ku- is used
as a lcrs. Pfx., and as a sign of
mood, and of tense. (a) As a
Pcrs. Pfx., ku (1) may have a
purely general reference, c. g.
kunani {kuna nini) ? What is there
? What is the matter ?
Kumetanda, it is overcast (a dull
day). Kutoke xvatu xuasirna waertetvde, let the grown-up people
start to go. Kulikuwa mtu, there
was a

KORONGO

KOPA

178man.

Kuna
safari leo, there is a
KORONGO
journey to-day. (a) May refer to
an Infinitive or noun beginning
with ku-} e. g. kusafiri kumekwisha,
travelling is over. (3) Is the
objective Pfx. of 2 Pers. Sing., e.
g. naku- penda, I love you. Kwcnda
huko kulikufaa, going there did
you
good.
And,
with
-enifollowing, the root ku supplies
one form of the objective Pfx. of
2 Pers. Plur. Nakuambienii I tell
you (people). (6) As a sign of
tense, ku, with the Negat. Pers.
Pfx. preceding it, is the sign of
the Past Tense of the Negat. Con
jug., e. g. sikujua, 1 did not know.
Hazikupendwa, they have not been
liked. Kuja huku hakukukukumbitsha, coming here did not
remind you. ' (c) Ku is the sign of
the Infin. Mood in all verbs, e. g.
kuwa, kwenda, kupenda, &c. (d)
Ku is

inserted,
without
specific
meaning, before the root of all
monosyllabic verbs (i. e. -fa, -cha,
-la, -pa, -nya, -ja, -wa), and of some
disyllabic verbs occasionally (e.
g. is ha, uza, oga, ota), after all
tense signs, except a, ja, ka, hi, ku,
nga (which alone are capable of
bearing an accent), e. g. alikufa,
avukufa,
atapuja,
not
alifa,
amepa,ataja. Obs. ku as Infinitive
sign is sometimes dropped, esp.
when a verb preceding and
governing the Infinitive is a
semi-auxiliary, e. g. nimekwisha
pata (for kupatd), I have got. A taka
fany a, he wants to do it. Aenda
tafuta, he goes to search. 2. In
adjectives, ku- is the pfx. agreeing (a) with D 8; (<) like pangu
and mwangu, with nouns of the
Locative form, ending in -ni, e. g.
kukwaa kwake nyumbani kwangu, his
sojourn in my house. 3. Ku is also
used, but only in connexion with
a few roots, to form (a) nouns, e.
g. kuzimu, the world of spirits, the
state or place of departed souls,
kumoja, one kind, e. g. kazi zetu
hazina kit- tnoja, our work is not
all of one kind ; kushoto, the lefthand, as indi

cating position generally; kuurne,

the right-hand position, also, the
male sex, kuke, the female sex, e.
g.famaa ya kukeni, a relation, in the
female line, or, on the mothers
side. Also n. kule, that place (case,
condition, &c.), huku, and kwetu,
our country, home, as virtual
nouns.
(b) Ad
verbs, e. g. upanga unakata kuwili,
the sword cuts on both sides, is
double-edged. Kaa kushoto, sit on
the left. Also kule, there, huku,
here, kuku huku, just here. It is in
these advs. and in its use as a
person- pfx., that a positive
demonstrative meaning of ku
appears, viz. as an element
denoting general reference to
circumstances, condition, state,
but esp. to locality, i. e. indicating
circumstances
under
which
orplace where something
occurs. ([c) The, prep, kwa, i. e. kua.
See-a.
(Cf.*
ko, also pa,po, and mu, mo.)

large, increase, become great,

used of the growth of men and
animals (but oia, mea, usual of
plants, and similar growths). Aft0to
umleavyo ndivyo akuavyo, as you
bring a child up, so he grows up.
Ap. ku-lia,
-liwa, e. g. (1) grow up in (at, by,
for, &c.). E. g. mtoto huyu amekulia
hapa, this child has grown up here
(cf. kikulia). Also apparently (2) be
(too) great for, be heavy to,
burden, be hard for, e. g.
amekuliwa kufanya kazi hii, he has
found the job too hard for him.
Neno hili limemkulia, kubwa, zito, the
thing is too much for him, it is big
and weighty (cf. -kulifu). Cs. kuza,
kuzwa, make great, enlarge,
magnify, increase, glorify. E.g.
kuza Sultani, make the Sultan
powerful. Muungu amekuza umri
wake, God has prolonged your life.
(Cf. -kuu, -kubwa, tiikuka, tukuza,
kikulia, ukulifu.)
Kuaheri, Kuaherini, good-bye,
adieu !for kwa heri. See Heri.

Kua, v. grow, grow up, get *Kuba, n. vaulted roof, arche

KUBA LI

181

KUKU

dstructure, cupola, dome. Dim. on the comparative meaning, also

and adv. kikuba. (Ar. Cf. zege. Kuba kua, tukuza, &c.)
is sometimes used for kubwa,
Kucha, v. (1) Infin. Act. of
great. Dist. guba, ghubba.)
*cha, (a) fear, () dawn. Sec -cha.
Kubali, v. accept, approve, (2)
acknowledge, assent (to), agree
(to), welcome. Ps. kubaliwa. Nt. Verbal n. of cha, the dawn,
kubalika, e. g. be acceptable, be morning, all the night. See -cha.
capable of acceptance. Nt. kubal- (3) Plur. of ukucha, nails, claws,
ia, -iwa, accept from (about, at, and sometimes sing, kucha (via-),
&c.).* Cs. kubali-sha, -shwa, force of size.
to accept, procure acceptance by,
Kuchewa, Kuchwa, Ps. forms
win over, persuade, &c. Rp.
kubaliana, e.g. be on' good terms. from kucha. See -cha, v.
(Cf. kibali, ukubali, and syn. kiri,
Kufuli, n. (, and ma-), a
rithia, it h ini.)
pad-, lock. (Ar. Cf. kitasa.)
Kubazi, n. (ma-), a plain kind
*Kufuru, v.(i) treat with
of sandal with no ornamental
mockery or contempt, revile,
work. (Cf. kia/u, m/alawanda.)
curse, and esp. (2) with reference
kubwa, a. (kubwa with D 4 to religion, become an unbeliever,
(P), D 5 (S), D 6),sometimes apostatize, blaspheme, commit
pronounced kuba, (1) great, big. sacrilege, renounce God. Ps.
large, spacious, extensive, e.g. kufuriwa. Nt. kufurika. Ap. ku/ur-ia,
ttyumba k., a large house; shamba k., -iwa. Cs. kufttr-isha, -ishwa, make
an extensive estate, large garden. (consider, treat as, force to be,
Kisu kikubwa, a large knife. (2) urge to be, &c.) an unbeliever,
Great in power (influence, rank, cause to blaspheme. (Ar. Cf.
importance, &c.), .important, ukufuru, ukajiri, -kafiri.)
significant. Bivana mkubwa, bibi
Kuguni, n. a hartebeest.
mkubwa, is a usual term of
respectful address or reference.
*Kuhani, n. (ma-). See Kahini,
Neno limekuwa kubwa, halikataliki,
the matter has become urgent, it Mkohani. (Ar.)
cannot be met with a negative.
n. and Kuuke (from -kc,
Asiosikia mkubwa, huotta makubwa, Kuke,
like uke and kike, of sex,but
he who disregards a superior, more
generalised), the female
generally finds serious con- kind, feminine
or condition,
sequences. (3) Elder, oldest. Ndugu used only instatus
a few adjectival
yangu mkubiva, my elder brother. (4) phrases. Mkono wa
the left
-kubwa is used with a noun or hand, as the (usually)kuke,
weaker, also
another adjective simply to wakike,but
wa
intensify its meaning, as having a kusholo. Opp. to commonly
mkono wa kuume.
quality in a marked way or high Kuketii, on the female
side, by the
degree, like the adv. sana, e.g. mother. Ujamaa wa kitkctti,
rnwivi mkubwa, a regular thief. Mtu on the mothers side, in therelatives
huyu rti mini mkubwa, this fellow is line. Contr. Ujamaa wa kike, female
an utter drunkard. Obs. mkubwa relatives. (Cf. -kc, and ku.) female
(w<z-) is often used as a noun,
superior, chief, manager, master,
Kuko, (1) n. a. and adv. that
director,- &c. (Cf. kuu and note there,
that, there, e. g. kuko tti

kuzuri, that is nice there. Kujika

kuko kwapendeza, that way of
cooking is satisfactory. Kwcnda
kuko, to go yonder. So hva kuko, -a
kuko. Kuko huko, just there, on that
spot. (A Rd. form from ku, the ko

being the form of reference. Cf.

kuku, huko, and tttumo, fago, &c.) (2)
Verb-form, there is there, thcic is,
it is there.
Kuku, (i)n. a fowl, a hen. Mtoto

wa (mxvaita wa, kirtda la's k., a

chicken,also faranga, ki/arattga.

KUBA LI

181

la k., a breeding fowl.

(Cf.posa, jogoo, jinibi. Dist. mkuku,
keel.) ^2) n. a. and adv., this here,
this, here, e. g. in the phrase kuku
huku, just here, in this very place.
(Cf. kuko, and ku-.)
Koo

-kukuu, a. (same with D 4 (P),

D 5 (S), D 6), also -kuukuu, worn
out, old, past work, useless from
age or wear. (Cf. -,kongwe,
-chakafu, -bovu.)
*Kulabu, n. a hook, hooked instrument, grapple,of various
kinds. Used for holding work in
position, e. g. by a tailor,
blacksmith, and on ship board, for
fastening clothes, &c. Akapeleka k.
yake chini, he let down his hook.
Ulirni wangu uvietiwa k., hauwezi
kunena, my tongue has had a hook

put in it, it cannot speak. (Ar. Cf.

ndoana, kiopoo, upembo, ngoe.)

Kule, used as (1) n. that used

indefinitely, kule ni mbali, that is a
long way off. (2) A form of -/<?,
agreeing with Infin. or noun in
ku-. (3) adv. there, in (from, to)
that" position, &c. Sometimes
reduplicated kule kule, just there.
Also pronounced kule-e-e-,the
final vowel raised in pitch and
prolonged in proportion to the
distance indicated. (Cf. ku, yule,
and kuku, kuko, &c.)
Kulia, v. be great (too great) for, be
hard to, weigh on, depress, overwhelm,
&c. (Prob. appl. form of kua, which see,
and follg.)

-kulifu, a. (1) in Ps. sense, of

one who is easily tired,
discouraged, beaten, one who
lacks grit (spirit, perseverance),
i.e. remiss,weak-kneed, poorspirited, &c. (Cf. kulia, kua, and
syn. -legevu, -zembe.) But also (2)
in Act. sense, oppressive, burdensome, tiresome, fatiguing. (Cf.

KUKU

ukulifu, and ukalifu.)

Kuliko, relative verb-form, (1)

that which is, which is, referring
to D 8, e. g. kufa kuliko bora, the
mode of dying which is noble; (2)
where there is,the ku of general
reference

(see ku), e. g. peponi kuliko raha, in

Paradise where there is rest; but
(3) esp. common in comparisons,
than * after an adjective,
where tljere is being equivalent
to as compared with, e. g. yeye
tnkubwa kuliko nduguye, he is
bigger (taller, older) than his
brother; also (4) in the general
sense, as to, as regards, e.g.
kuliko beiya watumwa, as regards
the slave traffic. (See Ku, Li,
Ko.) .
*Kulla, a. every,always
preceding its noun. (Ar. See
Killa.)
Kululu, n. (ma-), a large kind
of cowry, a tiger-cowry. So little
valued by the. native that kupata
kululu means to get nothing
worth having.
Kulungu, n. a species of antelope.

Kuma, n. vagina. (Cf. uke.)

Kumba, v. (1) push, shove,

press against, jostle. Ps. kumbwa.
Nt. kumbika. Ap. kumb-ia, -iwa. Cs.
kumb-iza, -izwa, -izia, e.g. push off
on to, transfer to. Adamu
alimkumbizia tnkewe, Adam put it
off on his wife. Rp. kumbana,
jostle each other, hustle (cf. piga
kikumbo, and sukuma). (2) Clear
out, take away all, make a clean
sweep
(of),
glean.
Same
derivatives as above. E.g.
walikumba biashara yote ya tumbako,

they monopolized the whole

traffic
in
tobacco.
Mwivi
amenikumbia mali, a thief has carried off everything I had. Kumba
niaji, bale out water. (Cf. komba,
and follg.)
Kumba, n. (1) -a kumba kumba,
miscellaneous, promiscuous, of
all and any sort. Safariya
kumbakumba, a caravan of any
who could be got together (a
scratch lot) (cf. kumba, v.). (2)
Kuti la kumba, a whole
cocoanut leaf with the fronds
plaited all along each side of the
central rib. Used for light fences,
and enclosures, -back yards, &c.

KUBA LI

181

Rp.kumbaiiana, embrace each

other. (Cf. shika, kamata,
pambaja.)

Kumbe,
adv.
expressing
astonishment,
pleasant
or
unpleasant surprise, Lo and
behold ! What do you think ?
For a wonder, all of a sudden;
Kumbi, n. (wa-), also Kumvi,
Kumfi, the fibrous husk or
sheath . of various plants, esp. of
the cocoa- nut, areca-nut, &c.
Kumbi is used collectively (i. e. of
the material generally), but the
plur. is commonly used. Single
fibres arc called uzi (pL nyuzi). The
husks are commonly buried in pits
on the shore or in a wet place, till
the fibres are loosened. They are
then taken up, beaten out, and
cleaned, and called makumbiya
usumba. (Cf. kumvi, ukumvi, prob.
the same word,like jambia, and
jamvia,, &c.)

KUKU

Ps.kumbukwa. Ap. kumbuk-ia,

-iwa, direct the memory (or,
attention) to. Sikumbukii, I do not
recall it. Amenikumbukia chuo
ehattgu, he recollected my book
for me, reminded me of it. Cs.
kumbu- ska, -skwa, remind, put in
mind (of). (Cf. fakamu, of
memory, and tambua, of
recognition. Also, kumbukumbu,
ukumbusho, -kumbufu.)

Kumbukumbu, n. (ma*), mention, remembrance, memorial,

parting
gift, souvenir,anything that
recalls another thing to mind.
(Cf. prec.)
Kumbusho,
Kumbuu.
Ukumbusho, Ukumbuu.

See

Kumbwaya, n. a kind of
drum standing on feet. (Cf.
ngoma.)

Kumbwe, n. (via,-), a snack,

a
mouthful
of
food,
Kumbi, n. plur. of ukumbi, colloquial, kumbwe na kinyweo,
which see.
something to eat and drink. (A
pass, form in e-, from kumba.)
Kumbikumbi, n. white ants in
the flying stage, when they first
Kumi, n. and a. (pi. ma-)>
issue in swarms from the ten, the highest simple
ground. Used as food. (Cf. numeral of B. origin used in
mchwa.)
Swahili. Used of the three
divisions of a month, a decade.
Kumbo,
n.
devastation, kumi la kwanza (la kafi, la kiuisha),
depopulation,
wholesale the first (middle, last) decade.
destruction.
(Cf.
kurnba, -a kumi, tenth. (Cf. Ar. ashara.)
mkumbo.)

Kumoja, n. one kind. Kazi

kumbufu, a. having a good zetu hazitta k., our occupations are
memory,
thoughtful.
(Cf. not all of one kind.(Cf. umoja,
kumbuka, and -fahamifu.)
and
Kumbuka, v. call to mind, re- for kuy kuzimu, kushoto, kuke, &c.)
member, think of, bear in mind, a. form of -tnoja, agreeing
brood over, i. c. mental attention with D 8. adv. on one side,
directed usually to the past, or a from
subject connected with it. Nakumbuka
ulimwengu,
I
am one point of view, i. e. kwa
considering
the
situation, ttpande mntoja. -kali kumoja, with

one sharp edge.

Kumunta, Kumunto, n.in Z.

more usually kunguta, kung'uto,
which see.

Kumvi, n. (ma-> also plur. of

husk or sheath of
various vegetable products, of
maize, rice, &c., i.e. k. la
muhindi(enclosing the ear, suke),
k. sa mpurtga. (Cf. kapiy ivishwa,
ukumvt)y

kuttunu.)

Kuna, v. scratch. Used of

allaying irritation rather than of

laceration or wounding (cf.

papura, piga makucha), c. g. k.
kichwa, scratch the head ; k.
ttgazi, scratch the skin. Also of
coarse grating, e. g. kuna nasi,
grate a cocoanut, i. c. extract
the nutty part from the shell
with the instrument called
mbusi. 1s. kunwa (dist. kttnywa,
to drink). Nt. kunika. Ap. kun-ia,
-iwa, c. g. mbusi ya kunia nasi, a
cocoa- nut grater. Cs. kuti-isha,
-ishwa. Rp. kuttana. (Cf. mkutto,
kune,

ptga mtai, papura.

KUNA

184

) Kuna, verb-form, (i) there is,

there are (ku of general reference,
cf. ku, mna, panci) ; (2) it has, they
have,ku agreeing with D 8. The
negative form hakiinct is one of the

commonest expressions for a

simple negative, there is not,
nothing, no/ Kuna nini (or kunani) ?
What is there? What is the
matter ? Kunako, there is (there),
that is so,in reference to the
query kuna ? Kufa kuna maumivu,
death involves suffering. Kuna
supplies one way of expressing
abstract existence. Kuna muungu ?
Is there a God? Does God exist?
Kunaye, He exists. Also kunaye
may mean it depends on him (it is
with him)/ (See Ku and Na.)

Kunazi, n. (ma-), the small

edible fruit of the tree mkunazi,
which see.
Kunda, n. (ma-), a green vegetable like spinach (Str.).

KUNGWE

subterfuge, trick, device,

e. g. k. za rnoyo, secret
thoughts,
private
reflections. Mtumi wa k.
haambiwi maana, he who
conveys
a
secret
message is not told its
meaning. Kazi haifai ilia
kwa k., work is no good,
unless you have been
taught the art. (2) Esp.
of confidential and
private instruction on
matters unfit for open
mention, e. g. sexual
subjects,called sometimes
malango,
rudiments, or kunga za
mwituni (za nyumbani, za
ja- ndoni, and ngungwi, ?
nkungwi). Hence (3)

shameful things, what

causes shame. (Cf.
mkunga, somo, siri, msiri,
and perh. kunja.)

Kungu, n. (1) also'Ukungu,

Kundaa, v. be short, stunted, mist, fog, haze (cf. ukungu, uwande,
small of stature. (Cf. via.)
wingu). (2) An edible stone-fruit
from the tree mkungu. The stone
Kunde,n.plur. of ukunde,%. kind contains a kernel, of which
of bean, produced by the plant children are fond (cf. mkungu).
mkunde, which see.
Kungu manga, nutmeg, lit. the
Arabian kungu (cf. manga),fruit
Kundi, n. (ma-), a number of of the mkungu manga. (3)
things (usually living things) Confidential adviser, esp. an older
together, crowd, troop, group, friend who gives advice to
flock, herd, swarm, &c. Makundi unmarried women, and makes all
viakundi, in troops, in large bodies, arrangements for them at the time
in masses.
of marriage, receiving various fees
presents from the bridegroom
Kunga, v. used of various pro- and
so ' doing. (Cf. kunga, mkungwa,
cesses of sewing, hem, make a for
border, trim, embroider, e. g. kungwe.)
kunga mshono, make a stitched
Kunguni, n. a bug.
seam on band; k. nguo, put a
border, trimming, or stitched edge
Kunguru, n. (ma), (1) a carrion
to a cloth. K. utepe, with similar crow,black, with white on the
meaning. Ps. kungwa. Ap. kung-ia, neck and shoulders; (2) a kind of
-iwa. (Cf. shona,pinda.)
calico, made at Cutch.
Kunga, n. sometimes Kinga,
(1) .

secret,

wile,

Kunguta, v. (1) shake out,

shake off, sift, winnow; (2) test

severely, scrutinize, examine. E. g.

Kunjp, n. (ma-), fold, wrinkle,
k. mavumbi (mvua), shake off dust crease. E.g. tnakunjo ya ms hi pi, the
(rain). Jikung'uta, shake oneself. K. folds of a fishiug-line. (Cf. kunja,
mabawa, shake out the feathers, and pindi.)
of a bird basking in the sun. JVakaKunjua, v. Rv. of kunja, unfold,
lipeleka jamvi uani wakaikung'uta,
they took the carpet to the yard, unwrap, smooth out, spread open.
and gave it a shaking. Ps. kung'- K. nguo, lay out clothes. K. miguu,
utwa. Nt. kungutika. Ap. kungut-ia, stretch the legs out. K. uso, smooth
-iwa. Cs. kung'ul- isha, -ishwa. (Cf. the brow, smile, look pleased. Jikung'uto, chunga, pepeta. The word kunjua, be cordial, be open. Ps.
kumunta is also heard, but not kunjuliwa. Nt. kunjuka. Ap. kunjulia.
usual in Z., and kumutika, fig. be (Cf. -kunja, *kunjufu.)
shaken, be alert, expectant,
-kunjufu, a. (same with I) 4
agitated, e. g. roho yake
(P), D 5 (S), I> 6), open, serene,
inamkumutika.)
unclouded, genial, amiable, merry.
Kunguto, n. (ma-), a basket Mtu mkunjufu, a genial man. So
used as a sieve, strainer, or for with uso (face), rnoyo (temper).
tossing and winnowing grain. (Cf. (Cf. kunjua, kunja, ukunjufu.)
kikapo, and kiteo, tunga.)
Kuuo, n. (ma-), what is
Kungwe, n. (ma-). See Mkunga. produced by scraping, a scraping,
scrap. Ma- kuna ya nazi, grated
K.uni, n. plur. of ukuni, cocoanut. (Cf. kuna v., mkuno.)
firewood. (See Ukuni, and cf.
Kunrathi, v. a common phrase
kuna.)
of polite apology,pardon me,
Kunja, v. fold, wrap up, crease, excuse me, by your leave, no
wrinkle, tumble, make a mess of. offence meant. Often strengthened
E. g. k. uzi, wind up thread. Kunja- by Sana. A M - nrathi Sana, with your kind
kunja uzi, tangle the thread. K. uso, permission, I humbly beg pardon.
knit the brow, frown. K. mabawa, (Arab. Imperat. kttn rathi, be
fold the wings. Jikunja, shrink, content, but in cofnmon use. Cf.
cower, flinch (cf. kunyata). Ki- su equivalent uwe (or mwe) rathi, and
cha kukunja, a clasp-knife. Ps. rathi, rithi, utafaihali.)
kunjwa. Nt. kunjika, e.g. be folded,
Kununu, n. (ma-), kununu la
be easy to fold, admit of folding.
Ap. kunj-ia, -iwa, e.g. wrap up for tnawele, an empty husk or spike of
(with, in, &c.). Cs. kunj-isha, a kind of millet. (Cf. kumvi, kapi,
-ishwa. Rp. ku- njana, e.g. nguo wishwa.)
imckunjana kwa ufef>ot the calico
Kunyata, v. draw together,
(which was laid out smooth) has
been ruffled up by the wind. (Cf. cause to shrink, compress. Seldom
follg. and kunjua, Jinya, and perh. occurs except with Rf. ji, in the
sense, cower, shrink together, esp.
kuttga.)
as an attitude of fear, pain, or
Jikunyata
kama
Kunjamana,v.
be
folded, supplication.
wrinkled, creased. E g. k. uso, knit maskini, humble oneself like a
the brows, frown,so uso beggar. Jik. kwa baridi, be doubled
umckunjamana. (Cf. prec. and up with cold. Jik. uso, have an
offended, disgusted look. (Cf.
-mana.)
kunja uso.)

KUNA

184

KUNGWE

Kunyua, v. (1) scratch at, give

a scratch to, e.g. to hurt, or to
attract notice; (2) call by a secret
sign* give a private hint to, &c. K.
kidole, hurt the finger by a scratch,
implying more than the simple
kuna, scratch. Ps. kunyu- liwa. Nt.
kunyuka, e. g. kunyuka na mti, get
scratched by a tree m passing by
it.
(Cf. kuna, papura,

Kuro, n. also Koru, Kuru, a

water-buck.

piga mtai.)

Kusanya, v. collect, gather together, bring together, assemble,

amass, make a pile or heap of.
E.g. k. watu, collect people. K.
jeshi, form an army. K. mali, amass
wealth. Ps. kusanywa. Nt. kusanyika. Ap. kusany-ia, -iwa. Rp.
kusanyana, e.g. meet together by
common consent. (Cf. kusany- iko,

Kuo, n. (ma-), (1) furrow,

trench, hollow, hole, i. e. made by
hollowing out. Jlfakuo ya kauktt,
holes scratched by fowls. Usually
fa) a bed or row of seedlings, &c.
(3) A plot of ground marked out
by a furrow or line drawn on the
ground, and given to a man to
cultivate (cf. ngwe, same marked
by a cord). Hence nyosha k.f mark
out a piece of ground; ongtza
(punguza) k.,enlarge (reduce) a
plantation. (Cf. mkuo, and syn.

*Kurubia, Kurubisha, v. See

Karibia, Karibisha.
Kusa, v. Cs. of kula, i.e. kutisha
or kusha, kusa, cause to meet, bring
on. Nimemkusa mashaka, I have got
him into trouble. See Kuta.

rnkusanyo, kuta, kusa.)

Kushoto, n. and adv., the left

side, the left-hand position. Mkono
wa k., the left-hand, as opp. to
mkono wa kuume {wa kulia ). Kaa
shimo, handaki, mfuo.)
kusho- toni, sit on the left side. (Cf.
Kupaa, n. (ma-), also Kupa, (1) ku, and kumoja, kuzimu, kuke, &c.)
one of the two side-pieces forming
Kusi, n. southerly wind, south
a pulley (kapi, gojia) enclosing the monsoon,prevailing
at Z. from
sheave (roda) (cf. korodani); (2) ? May to Oct. Hence also
of the
cheek-bone, cheek-piece.
season, and of the southerly
Kupo, n. a tick,on cattle, direction. Ku- sini, the south
dogs, &c. Kama kupe na mkia wa tttf- quarter, to (from, in) the south, -a
ombe, like a tick and a cow's tail, kusitii, of the south, southerly.
.of things adhering closely. (Cf. Contr. kaskazi, the north wind, &c.
kama pete na kidole, like a ring and (Cf. Ar. suheli, coast, used of
Africa, i. e. south of Arabia, and
a finger.)
hence * south.)
Kupua, v. shake out, shake off,
*Kusudi, v. also Kasidi, intend,
throw off, let fall, drop on the
ground (by a push, jerk, &c.). E.g. purpose, propose, design, aim at,
k. nguo, throw off clothes. K. imbu, usually in the Ap. form kusudia,
drive off mosquitoes. Ps. kupuliwa. with same sense. Kusudia safari,
Nt. kupuka, e.g. fig. be cast off, be resolve on an expedition. K.
a fugitive (outcast). Hence kwenda, intend to go. Ps. kusudkupukia. Ap. kupu-lia, -liwa. Cs. iwa. Nt. kusudika. Cs. kusud- isha,
kupu-sha, -shiva. (Cf. kunguta, ? -ishwa. n. {ma-), intention,
purpose, aim, object, end. Kwa k.,
nkupuo.)
on purpose, intentionally, de*Kura, n. a lot, i.e. as in casting liberately, wilfully (cf. kwa moyo,
kwa nafsi). Also as adv., kusudi, and
lots. Piga kura, cast lots. (Ar.)

makusudi, like kwa kusudi. And as sembled, meet. Also kutan-ia, -iwa,

conj. with Infin. or Subjunct., on

purpose to, in order that (to), with
the object of, e. g. akaondoka
kusudi aende (or, kwenda) Ulaya, he
started with the intention of going
to Europe. (Cf. syn. shauri, maana,
nia, mradi.)

Kuta, v. come upon, meet

(with), chance on, hit on, find.
Nalimkuta hawezi {hayuko), I found
him ill (absent). Kuta mashaka,
meet
with
(experience)
difficulties. Ps. kutwa. Nt. kutika.
Ap. kut-ia, 'iwa, e. g. mauti
imemkutia, death came upon him,
or amekuiiwa na mauti. Cs. kutisha,
or kusha, kusa, cause to come on,
bring upon, involve in. Hence kutishia, -ishhva, kushia, &c. Rp,
kutana, meet together, assemble,
gather, collect, hold a meeting, be
crowded (cf. kusanya, songa, barizi). Jeshi limekutana, the crowd is
dense. Hence kutanika, be as-

meet for (at, by, in, &c.). Cs.

kutanisha, cause to meet, hold a
meeting (of). (Cf. mkutano.)
Kuta, n. plur. of ukuta (which
see), walls.
Kuti, n. {ma-), (i) a cocoanut leaf,
whether green or dry; (2) a
cocoanut leaf prepared for use in
different ways, e.g. {a) kuti la
kumba (and fumba), the whole leaf,
with the fronds on either side
simply plaited together, used in
forming light fences, enclosures,
shelters of any kind; {b) kuti la
pande, with the fronds all plaited
together on one side, similarly
used; (f) kuti la viungo, lengths of
the leaf-rib {upongoo) (or of stick)
about three feet long

KUTTJ

187

-KUZA

with all the fronds attached to

it and brought to one side. These
form the usual roofing material of
native houses in Z., and are a
regular article of sale. (Cf. mnazi,
and kikuti, ukuti.)

Kutu, n. rust,or anything resembling it, a discoloration, &c.

K. ya shaba, verdigris. K. ya niwtzi,
the shaded or darker parts of the
moon.
Kutua, v. give a jerk to, pull
suddenly, cause a shock to. K.
kamba, jerk a rope. Nt. kutuka, c. g.
fig. be shaken, startled, frightened,
shocked, &c. Cs. kutu-sha, -shwa,
startle, frighten, &c. (Cf. kupua,
also siluka, tuka, &c.)
-kuu, a. (same with D 4 (P), D
5 (S), D 6), great. Seldom simply
big, i.e. of merely physical size or
material greatness, but implying
some moral or sentimental
element of preeminence, authority,
and excellence. kubwa, on the
other hand, means
*

big, large, extensive,

though also used to
include and denote the
natural effects of great
size,
i.e.
authority,
weight,
influence,
impressiveness.
Thus
(1) great, powerful,
having
natural
or
representative
authority, &c. Wakuu
kwa vijana is a common
contrast, old and
young, great and small
(also wakubwa kwa wadogo). Cf. mkuu as n.,
chief, master, king (as
also ntkubwa, n., and in
African
stories
the
rabbit (sungura) is called
the mkuu wa nyarna, or
ttyama mkuu, king of
beasts,
while
the

elephant
would
be
described as the nyarna
ntkubwa,
largest
of
animals. Buslani kutty a
great
(grand,
fine)
garden. Obs. kiazi kikutt,
yam, often of great
size in East Africa. (3)
*

Noble,
pre-eminent,
high-class,
excellent,
influential. (3) Overgreat, presuming on
greatness,
excessive,
unnatural, outrageous,
beyond
the
proper
bounds of decorum
(self-control,
human
nature). E.g. nianoto
makuu,presumptuous,
boastful words. Taka
makuu, aim too high, be
over- ambitious. Piga
makuu, give oneself airs,
be arrogant, make a
great show. Hana makuu,
he is an unassuming,
civil spoken, humble
person,sometimes in
contrast to -kuu in other
senses,
e.g.
makuu
rnctigila- kini hana makuu,
he has many great
qualities, but he never
makes too much of
them. (Cf. -kubwa, kua,
kuza, &c.)

Euume, n. (from -me, like unit,

and kiume, of sex, but more
generalized), (1) the male kind
(status, condition); (2) right-hand
side, right- hand. Used (like kuke)
only in a few adjectival and
adverbial phrases. Mtu huyu tti
ndugu yangu wa kuu- meni narni , this
man is a relation of mine on the
fathers side. Mkono wa kuu nit, the
right-hand (also mkono wa kulia,
the hand used in eating, opp. to
mkono wa k us hold). Kaa kuu- mtni ,
sit on the right-hand side. Wa
kuurnt haukati wa kushoto, the right

hand does not cut the left. (Cf. ku, for ku-, which see.
and kushoto, ktimoja, ku- zimto, and
Kwa, prep. (ku combined with
follg.)
the variable prepositional element
Kuvuli, n. mkono wa kttvuli, the -a, which see). This is the most
right-hand,for mkono wa kuurnt, com- moh and comprehensive of
which is usual in Z. (Cf. prec.)
the few Swahili prepositions,so
' comprehensive as to cover most
Euwa, v. Infin. of wa, be (which of the meanings of thet other
see), to be, being, existence. Can common prepositions, i.e. -a, na,
be used of pure existence (cf. and katika. Subject to the few
Mwtnyi kuwa, as a title of God, the limitations characteristic of each
Existing One, the Self-existing.)
of these (see -a, Na, Katika), kwa
can be represented according to
Kuwili, n. and adv., the double the context by to, in, at, from, by,
kind, in a double way, in two for, with, on account of, in respect
ways. Kisu kikali kuwili, a knife of, as to, and indeed almost any
with two edges. Anatajwa kuwili, lie preposition denoting relations of
has two names. (Cf. ku, and time, place, motion, object, instrukumoja, kuurnt, &c.)
ment, and condition generally.
Kwa is seldom used, however, of
Ku>u, n. See Mkuyu.
the
Agent
proper,
or
of
Kuea v. Infin. (1) Cs. of kua, comparative nearness or distance
make great. (2) f/w,scll, for kuttza. (see Na), nor of relations which
may be called adjectival (see -a).
(3) Uza for uliza, ask.
E. g. toka kwa, come from (or, out
-kuza, a. (same with D 4 fP), D 5 of); kaa kwa, remain at; enda kwa,
(S), and I) 6), well grown, tine, go to. Ua kwa mkuki, kill with a
big of its kind,of things capable spear. Kwa nini? For what ? Why ?
of growth. 3 'ule f>aka mkuza satta, Kwa sababu ya, because of, by
that is a very fine cat. (Cf. kua, reason of. Kwa habari hizi, at
-kubwa, -kuu.)
(about, on account of) these news.
Wali kwa mchuzi, rice with gravy.
Kuzi, n. (ma)-, also Kusi, an Alia kwa tano, five per cent.
earthenware pitcher or jug, larger IVangwana kwa watumwa, gentry,
than gudulia, with handle or slaves and all. Andika kwa kihandles and narrow neck. (Cf. swahili, write in Swahili. Kwa
mtungi, chombo.)
haraka, in haste, hastily. Kwa hivi,
thus. Kwa with a noun, commonly
Kuzimu, n. state (place, a name, following, often denotes a
condition) of departed spirits of single object or idea, e.g. kwa
the dead, the grave, the lower AJponda, Mpondas town. Kwa
world. Enda kuzi- muni, die and be mfalme, the chiefs house. Hence
buried. Chungulia k., look into the katika is sometimes used with it,
other world, i.e. be at deaths door, e.g. katika kwa nduguyc, from (at,
have one foot in the grave. K. kuna to) his brothers house. Kwa is
matnbo, the world of spirits has its rarely
used
with
Personal
wonders. (Cf. mzimu, and perh. Pronouns, the corresponding form
wazimu, also zima, zimwe, and for of the adjective, \.e.kwangu,kwako,
the form ku, and syn. ahera, peponi, kwake, &c.,being substituted,
huko.)
unless some special meaning is
intended, e.g. asiyeona kwa yeye,
Kw-, as a pfx. before vowels, is akionywa haoni, he who does not

KUTTJ

187

-KUZA

see of himself does not see if he is of kwa yeye, to (from, at, with) him
shown. (Cf. -a, katika, na.)
(her, it), to his house, &c. (3)
Form of a. -ake, agreeing with D S
Kwa, form of the prep, -a and locatives in -ni. (Cf. ku, -ake,
(which see) agreeing (i) with D 8, and kwangu.)
(2) with locatives ending in -ni,
e.g. nyu- mbani kwa nduguye, in (to,
Kwako, n. adv. and adj., same
from) his brothers house.
as kwake, but relating to 2 Pers.
Sing., i. e. wewe, you.
(Cf.
Kwaa, v. (1) strike the foot -ako.)
(against an object), stumble,
knock, be stopped by a sudden
Kwale,
n.
partridge,
obstacle;
including several species.
( 2 ) fig. falter, hesitate, be
brought to a stop or
check, get into a
difficulty. K. na jiwe, or
jiweni, knock the foot
against a stone. Heri

kukwaa
kidole
kuliko
kukwaa ulimi, better to

stumble with the toe

than the tongue. Ap.
kwalia, kwaia,
rarely
heard. Alkwaia nyoka,
aonapo ukuti hushi tuka, a
man who has stumbled
over a snake, starts if he
see? a switch (cocoanut
frond). Cs. kwa-za, -zwa,
cause to stumble, make
difficulties for, &c. Also
intens. dau limekwaza
maweni, the boat struck
hard on the rocks. (But ?
cf. kwa- za for kwaruza.)
Rp. kwazana,
knock against each other. (Cf.
kwaza, kwama, kwao or kwayo,
kwazo.)

Kwama, v. St. of kwaa, (1)

become jammed, stick fast, come
to a deadlock, be gripped, be
squeezed; (2) fig. be in a fix, get
into a difficulty. Ap. kwam-ia, -iwa.
Cs. kwam-iska, -ishwa, cause to jam,
make stick fast, pnt in a difficulty,
&c. Mti huu umenikwamisha mkono,
this tree has got my hand fixed in
it. (Cf.^waa, kwaza, kwarnua, and
syn. shikika, fungwa, ttaswa,
kamatwa.)

Kwamba,
coxx).{ku-amba,
saying), of very general meaning,
and translatable according to the
context defining the particular
sense of saying, intended, e.g.
(1) (stating) that, so to say,also
ya kwamba; (2) (supposing) if, as if,
suppose, even if; (3) (objecting)
though. It is also used, though not
commonly in Z., after the relative
formed with atnba, c. g. ambaye
kwamba, who,of a person, ambalo
kwamba, which, &c., and with
similar indefinite meaning in the
phrase Kwambaje ? How is it ?
Kwambaje kwako? How arc you?
(Cf. karna, ya kuwa, and sec Amba,
Arabia.)

Kwajo, adv. interrog. (kwa je?)

How? In what way? By what
means? What do you mean? Kwaje
hufanya hivi? How is it you do this?
Kwamua, v. Rv. of kwama,
i.e. why, or in what way.
kwaa, get out of a tight place, set
free, disengage, clear, loose. Ap.
Kwake, (1) n. (ku-ake) his (hers, kwa muits)
circumstances
(position,
house,
lia, -liwa. (Cf. kwama, kwaa, and cf.
&c.). (2) adv. idiomatic equivalent flingua, ttanua, tatua.)

Kwangu, (1) n. {ku-angu), my

circumstances (condition, affairs,
locality), my house. Kwangu kuzuri,
my condition Is prosperous, my
surroundings arc beautiful, See. (2)
adv. (for kwa mimi), to (with, from,
&c.) me, at (in, to, from, Ac.) my
house. Twende kwangu, let us go to
my house. (3) a. agreeing with D
8, and locatives in -tti. Kufa
kwangu, my dying. Nyumbani
kwangu, to my house. (So kwako,
kwake, kwetu, kwenu, kwao.)

Kwaugua, v. scrape, remove a

coating, crust, or anything
adhering (solid or liquid), e.g. k.
rnatopc, clean mud off (boots,
&c.). K. chungu, scrape the burnt
rice off the bottom of a cooking
pot. K. kucha, pare the nails. K.
maji, scrape up a remnant of water
in a pit. Ap. kwangu-lia,-liwa. (Nov.
kwanga in use. Cf. komba, paruza.)
Kwani, (1) adv. interrog. for

Kwa nini? What for? Why? For

what reason ? (cf. tnbona, kwaje).
(2) conj. for, because (cf. kwa
sababu, kwa maajta, kwa ajili, kwa
kuwa.)

branches, leaves, fruit. Ps. kwanuliwa.

Nt. kwanyuka, e. g. panda
ya mti imekwanyuka kwa mtu mzito,

the fork of the tree was split down

by a heavy man. Ap. kwanyu-lia,
liwa.
(Cf. nyakua,pasua, rarua,
ambua.)

Kwanza, Infra, of anza (kuanza), but often as adv., at the

beginning, at first, firstly, in the
first place. Also ya k often
followed by ya pili, secondly, ya
tatu, thirdly. *a k., fifst, best. Kgoja
k., wait first (before acting), wait a
bit. (Cf. anza, rnwanzo, chanzo, and
syn. Ar. awali.)

Kwao, (1) n. (ku-ao), their circumstances, their place (country,

home), &c. Mwanamke huyu anawaza kwao, this woman fs thinking
about her native country, is
homesick. (2) adv. to (fr6m, with)
them. Mfu- kuzwa kwao hana pa
ktvenda, an outcast from his own
people has nowhere to go. (3) n.
their,form of -ao, agreeing with
D 8 and locatives in -tti, (Cf.
kwangu, and ku, wao.)

Kwanua, v. and Kwanyua, tear

* down, rip (split, strip) off, e.g. of Kwao, n. (wd-j, also Kwayo,

KWAPA

100

KWEUPE

stumbling-block, obstruction kweza, cause

to the feet, difficulty. Njia ya kwao,
a rough road, stony path. (Cf. to go up, set up, raise, put one
thing on another. Kweza mashua,
kwaa, mgogoro, zuio, kwaruza.)
haul a boat high on the beach.
Kwapa, n. (w-), armpit. Kweza bei, raise the price of an
Futika (chukua) kwapatii, tuck article. Vitu vimekwezwa, things
(carry) under tiie arm. Kisiban cha have been ^ raised in price. Kweza
kwapa, a sleeveless waistcoat. (Cf. matumima ya duara, set the spokes
ki- kwapa.)
in a wheel.
Kwaruza, v. (i) scrape, grate,
whether of action, movement
(scrape
along,
move
with
difficulty), or sound (be harsh, be
grating); (2) grate, be of a coarse,
gritty, rough kind. E. g. chombo
kimekwaruza tnwamba, the vessel
has grazed a rock. Mchele huu
unakwaruza watu,'this rice is gritty
to the taste. Njia ya kukwaruza, a
rough, stony road. (Cf. mkwaruzo,
paruza, para, kwangua, and peth.
kwaa, kwaza, and contr. lainikajaini.
Kwaza appears sometimes to be a
short form of kwaruza,\c\th.
kwazana for kwaruzana, e.g. madau
yana- kwazana, the boats are
colliding, scraping against each
other.)

Kweza tiguo, lift the dress. Jikweza,

boast,

vaunt

oneself.

Hence

kwezana. Rp. kweana. (Cf. -kwezi,

ukwezi, and follg., and syn. panda,
also inua, simamisha.)

Kwelea, n. kwelea ya mawimbi,

mawimbi ya kwelea, a swell, rolling
waves, as dist. from breakers. (Cf.
kwea, and wimbi.)

Kweli, n. and adv., truth,

truthfulness, reality, genuineness,
certainty. Kwa kweli si kwa ubishi,
seriously, not in fun. Kweli iliyo
uchungu si uwongouliotamu, an
unpleasing truth is better than a
pleasing falsehood. -a kweli, true,
truthful, genuine. As adv., truly,
really, certainly, genuinely (cf.

-kwasi, a. rich, wealthy, hakika, yakini, halisi).

opulent. (Cf. ukwasi, and syn. tajiri,
Kweme, n. seed of a plant
mwenyi mali, contr. maskini, fukara.)
mkwetne, very rich in oil.
.
Kwenda, (1) v. Infin. of enda
Kwata, n. and Kwato,
Ukwato, hoof. Piga k., kick,of (.ku-enda), to go; (2) used as adv.,
perhaps,
possibly, I dare say, it
an animal. (Cf. piga teke.)
may be. Kwenda akaja leo, perhaps
Kwayo, n. (tna-). See Kwao, n. he comes to-day. (Cf. enda, huenda,
and syn. labuda, yamkini.)
Kwaza, v. Cs. of kwaa, and ?
Kwenu, (1) n. (ku-enu), your
for kwaruza (which see).
circumstances, place, country,
Kwea, v. go up, get on the lop home. (2) adv. (for kwa ninyi), to
of, mount, climb, ascend,. rise, you, to your house. (3) a.form
e.g. k. mnazi, or mnazini, climb a of -enu,' agreeing with kiipenda and
cocoanut tree; k. mlima (frasi), nouns in ~ni. (Cf. kivangu, and ku,
mount a hill (a horse); k. chombo, -enu.)
get on board a vessel. Ps. kwelewa,
Nt. kwe- leka. ^\.p. kwelea, e. g.
kamba ya kukwelea, a cord to climb
with. So kwel-eza, -ezwa.
Cs.

Kwenyi, form of -enyi, which L may be looked for under R,

see. Often used as equivalent of
On the other hand, the
kwa, e.g. of time, k~venyi Ijttmaa,
indiscriminate use of / and r
on Friday. (So mwenyi, penyi.)
makes many words of different
Kwetu, n. adv. and a., in same meanings indistinguishable, and in
uses as kwenu, and kwangu, i.e. our some cases is carefully avoided,
circumstances, to us, our. The e.g. in the case of the initial sound
common expression for ray (our) of any word, and especially of /-,
country, my home. (Cf. kwangu, la, li as a formative syllable or
ku, -etu.)
prefix, and the dem. a. -le.
Kweu, n. sometimes for the
usual kweupe, clearness, dawn,
light. Mbele kweu na nyutna kweu,
brightness before and behind. (Cf.
follg.)

The / sound is generally latent

in the long sound denoted by a
vowel
written
twice,
and
sometimes heard (as in kindred
dialects). In some words it is
evanescent, c. g. tnlango or
Kweupe,
n.
(ku-eupe), mwattgo, a door; ufalme or ufaume,
brightness, whiteness,clearness, dominion.
dawn, light, clear space, fine
weather. Kttna kweupe, it is dawn, it
After a formative n, / (and r)
is fine. (Cf. -eupe, eua, weupe, and arc represented by d, as in ndefu,
kweu, and syn. kucha, dawn, contr. for nlefu (nrefti).
kweusi, giza, usiku.)

L- (1) as a pfx. of verbs and

-kwezi, a. creeping, climbing, pro- nom. adjs. agrees with D 5
e.g. of a plant. (Cf. kwea, ukwezi, (S), c. g. kasha lililo lake li zito, his
also t am baa, -tambaazi.)
box is heavy; (2) is the
characteristic letter of the common
Kwikwe, n. hiccup. Kwikwe wa demonstrative of distance, yule,
kulia, convulsive sobbing (cf. kite- &c. (Cf. -le, and //.)
futefu, kikeukeu).

Kttisbu. Infin. of iska, used as

(i) n. ending, the end, extreme; (2)
adv. finally, at last, in the end. -a
kwisha, last, extreme, best, worst.
(Cf. mwisho, isha, kiisha, and similar
use of kwanza. Syn. for end,

La, . (1) cat, consume,of

food generally (cf. chakula); (2)
use, use up, require for use or
efficiency (as material, time, &c.,
cf. tumia, chukua);

( 3 ) wear
away, diminish,
spend
(materials,
means,
money). (The Infinitive form
L.
kula is used as the root form in
certain tenses, as is the case
L represents the same sound with other monosyllabic verbas in English.
roots. See ku, 1 .(d) and ja.)
Mlajini mla leo, mla jana kalani?
This sound is interchangeable The eater of to-day is the man
in most Swahili words of Bantu who eats, the eater of yesterday,
origin with that of a smooth what has he eaten ? Rarely
untrilled r, and often in words la is used as the imperative, e.g.
from Arab sources.
vyakula hivi la, eat this food. I
tabula Jet ha (saa nzitna, siku
Hence words not found under
kikomo, hatima, aheri.)

KWAPA

nyingi), it will take money (a

whole hour, several days). Ps.

liwa, be eaten, &c. Nt. lika, be
eaten, &c., be eatable, be fit for
food. Jiwe limeliwa na kamba, the
stone has been worn away by
the rope. Kitu hiki hakiliki, this
substance is not edible. Chuma
inalika, iron rusts away. Ap. lia,
liana, eat, &c. for (with, in,
&c.), e.g. rnkono wa kulia, the
eating hand, the right hand.
Chumba cha kulia, a dining room,
refectory. Kijiko cha kulia, a
spoon to eat with. Amemlia
mwenzi wali wake, he has eaten
up his friend's rice for him.
Jilia, cat selfishly (for his own
purposes, &c.), e. g. mwana
amejilia mali ya babaye, the son
has wasted his fathers goods
(like a fool, wilfully). Tumeliana
siku zote, we have always had
our meals together. Rp. lana,
e.g. eat each other, all join in
eating. Cs. lisha, lishwa, c. g. (1)
cause to cat, feed, keep
(animals, &c.), graze, pasture, i.
c. lisha kuku {ttg'ombe, mbuzi),
keep fowls (cows, goats). Lisha
ttg'ombe majatti, feed cows on
grass. Lisha upattga viuttgo, glut
the sword with (dead mens)
limbs. IVattalisha miwa kinutti,
they feed the sugar-cnn<f into
the mill. (2) Eat, browse, feed
on, e.g. kuluttgu alisha majatti, the
antelope browses on grass (cf.
malisha, malisho, chuttga). Hence
lishi-sha, -shwa. make to cat,
feed with, e.g. lishisha sumu,
administer poison to. (Cf. ntlo,
mla, mlaji, ulaji, mlaji, ulaji.)

100

KWEUPE

imprecation, oath. (Ar. Cf. uapo,

kiapo, apizo.')
*Laani, v. curse, swear (at),
damn. Ps. laaniwa. Nt. laanika. Cs.
laani-sha, -shwa, cause to curse, get
cursed, bring a curse on. (Ar. Cf.
-laanifu, laana, apa.)
*-laanifu, a. (same with D 4
(P), D 5 (S), D 6), (1) given to
cursing; (2) accursed. (Ar. Cf.
ulaanifu, laana, tnakuni.)
*Labeka, int. See Lebeka.
*Labuda, adv. often Idbuda,
perhaps, it seems so, no doubt,
probably, possibly. (Ar. la-buddi,
there is no escape. Cf. buddi, and
syn. yatnkini, yawezekana, huenda,
kwenda.)
*Ladu, n. a sweetmeat made up
in balls, consisting of flour or fine
grain mixed with treacle, ginger,
pepper, &c.
..
Laika, n. (-), also Ulaika, a
short, downy hair, as on the hands
and human body generally. Also
down of birds. (Cf. uele, unyoya,
and dist. Ar. malaika, an angel.)
*Laini, a. and -lainifu, (1) of
things, smooth, supple, soft,
pliable, of delicate texture, thin,
delicate,
fine
(cf.
-ororo,
-embamba).
(2) Of
persons, facile, gentle, good-humoured (cf. -pole, taratibu). Nguo /.,
smooth, fine cloth. Mchanga /., fine
sand. (Ar. Also as v., smoothen,
but usu. as follg.)

*La, int. no, not so, by no

means. (Ar. Cf. la ilaha ilia Allah,
*Lainika, v. (1) be smoothed,
no God but the God, and syn. sio, be made smooth; (2) fig. be softsivyo, hakuna, hapana, hasha.)
ened, be appeased. Ps. lainiwa. Cs.
laini-sha, -shwa, make smooth,
-la, a. eating, feeding on, con- Scc. (Ar. Cf. laini.)
suming,verbal a. of la, v.
*Laiti, int. Oh that, if only,
*Laana, n. (rna-), a curse, would that,esp. of regret for

what is past or impossible, and bed; (2) sleep, go to sleep; (3)

then used with verbs
settle down, fall, collapse; (4) lie
flat, be spread out, be horizontal.
in the Past or Conditional Tenses. Also lala usingizi, go to sleep.
But also of hope, with the Present. Nyumba imelala chini, the house has
E. g. laiii safari ingalikwisha! would fallen down. Inchi yole yalala
that the journey had come to an sawasawa, the whole country is a
end I Laid (kwamba) twali- fika flat plain. Jilala, rest oneself, take
jana ! would that we had arrived a siesta. Chumba chake cha kttlala
yesterday! (Ar.)
(or alicholala), his bed-room. Ap.

lalia, laliwa, lalika, laliana. Lalia

matanga, sleep in the house of
mourning. Hakulaliki nyumbani kwa
hari, there is no sleeping indoors
from the heat. Mtu wa kulalia
nyumba, a night-watchman, a care*Laki, v. meet, go to meet, esp. taker. Mkeka mpya usiolaliwa, a new

Lake, a. form of -ake, his, hers,

her, its,agreeing with D 5 (S).
Sometimes in the form -le affixed
to a noun, e. g. nenole, his word.
in a friendly, complimentary,
way. . (Ar. Cf. pokea, kuta.)

mat which has never been slept

upon. Hence lalisha, lalishwa.

*Lakini, conj. but, yet, Cs. laza, lazwa, lazia. E. g. cause to

however, nevertheless. (Ar. Cf. lie down, put to bed, lay flat or
walakini.)
horizontal.
Rp.
lalana,
sleep at each
*Lakki, n. and a., a hundred
thousand, a lac. (Ar.)
others houses, be on familiar
terms. Lala (with objective pfxs.,
Lako, a. form of -ako, your, i.e. as act.), laza, and lalana are
yours,agreeing with D 5 (S). used of sexual intercourse. (Cf. for
Sometimes in the form -lo affixed sleep, sinzia ; for rest, pumzika,
to a noun, e. g.jinalo, your name.
jinyosha.)
Lala, v. (1) lie, lie down, go to

Lalama, v. ask for mercy (of),

LAMBA

103

LEGEA

make an appeal (to), cry out. lautniana. n. {ma-), reproaen,

M- wivi amlalama wali apatc kupona charge, blame, reproof. (Ar. Cf.
nafsi yoke, the thief throws himself kartpia, kemea, sttla, tutu a, rudi.)
on the governors mercy to save
*Lazimu, v. be obligatory (on),
his life. Ps. lalam-iwa. Nt. lalatnika, be made to appeal for mercy, be a necessity (to), be binding
be reduced to submission, be (on),
beaten, and so, beg for mercy,
cry out for quarter. Ap. lalamia. e. bind, make responsible, put
g. mdeni alitnlalamia mwenyi tnali, pressure on. Sheria imemlazimu
the debtor threw himself on the inf aline, the law has bound
the
king.
mercy of the money-lender. Cs. (condemned)
lalam-isha, -ishwa, make cry ont, Tunaku/azimu wee, we make you
bring to terms, force to confess. responsible. Ps. lazimiwa, be
bound, be under obligation, be
(Cf. otnba, kiri, ungama.)
responsible, & c. Ap. lazim-ia,
Lamba, v. also B&mba, lick, -iwa.
lick np with the tongue. L.
makombo ya sahani, lick up the Cs. lazitn-isha, -ishwa, intens. put
scraps on the plate. Ps. lambwa. strong pressure on, force,
J/aulambwi tnkono mtupu, an empty compel. Jilazitnisha 11a, devote
to,
accept
full
hand is not licked. Nt. lambika. Ap. oneself
lamb-ia, -iwa. Lambiwa damn responsibility for. n. also
Ldzim, necessity,
mkononi, have the blood licked off L&zima,
the hand. Cs. lamb-isha, -ishwa. Rp. obligation, engagement, surety,
bail, responsibility. E. g. chukua
lambana. (Cf. ulambilambi.)
/., bail, go bail. Nt l.juttyako, it is
obligatory on you. Si /.,
*Lami. n. pitch, tar.
commonly means an absolute
Lango.n.(wa-),(i)city
gate, prohibition, i. e. it is imperative
large gate, gateway ; (2) malango (obligatory, &c.) not to. Si l.
is used of secret instruction given kuitigia ttdani, usipapiga hodi, you
to girls and boys on growing up. must never enter a house
(Cf. mlango, kilango, and kunga.)
without saying hodi.* (Ar. Cf.
shatii, far at hi, bidi,/uzu.)

Langu, a. form of -angti, my,

mine,agreeing with D 5 (S).
-le, final, (1) characteristic of
(Cf. /- and -angu.)
a. demonstr. that* (see Yule);
(2) sometimes a contraction for
Lao, a. form of -ao, their, lake, e. g. finale, his name (cf. -lo
theirs, agreeing with D 5 (S). for iako); (3) subjunct. mood of
(Cf. /-, and -ao.)
-la, v. eat.
Lapa. v. finish off hastily, eat
Lea, v. bring up, rear, nurse,
up ravenously, dismiss promptly. educate. Mtoto umleavyo, ndivyo
(Not common in Z. Cf. kula kwa akua- vyo, as you bring up a
pupal)
child, so he grows up. Ps. lewa,
e. g. atne- lewa verna, he has been
Laumu, v. reproach, find fault well brought up. (Cf. mlezi,
with, reprove, upbraid, blame, tnalesi, nnd dist. lava, be drunk.)
charge with a crime, accuse. Ps.
laum* iwa. Nt. laumika. Ap. laum*Lebasi, n. and Libasi,
ia} -iwa. Cs. laum-isha, -ishwa, clothes,
raiment,
wearing
intens. scold, rebuke sharply. Rp.

apparel. Killa lebasi ya kiarabu, all

kinds of Arab clothes. (Arab. Cf.
nguo, ma- vazi.)

"Lebeka, int. and Labeki, At

your service, Yes, sir (madam) !
in answer to a call, Coming! 1
am here! A common reply of a
slave or inferior to a master's
call, and often pronounced4 ebbe,
or simply bee. (Ar. phrase Here
1 am at your service/ Cf.
inshallah, envoi la, bismilla, &c.)
Legea, v. Bogoa is also
common, (1) be loose (slack,
relaxed, soft,

LAMBA

103

pliable) ; (2) be faint (weak,

r.emiss), flag, yield, give in. E.g.
of the body, effect of illness,
hunger, exhaustion, &c.or of a
rope, &c. Cs. leg-eza, -ezwa, -ezea,
loosen, slacken, exhaust, cause to
yield,
&c.
(Cf.
-legefu,
mlegeo,fungua, thoojika, and dist.
Ar. regea or reject, return, unless
legea is orig. go back.)
-legefu, a. (same with D 4 (P),
D 5 (S), D 6), slack, relaxed,
weak, soft, yielding, remiss,
inattentive, idle. (Cf. legea, ulegefu,
and cf. thaifu, -zembe, -vivu.)
Lehemu, v. solder, apply
solder, repair with solder. Ps.
lehemiwa. Nt. lehemika. Ap. lehemia, -z'wa. Cs. lehem-isha, -ishwa.
n. also Lihamu, solder. Tia /.,
apply solder. (Ar.)
Lekea, v. also Elekea, which
see,also for derivatives, lekeza,
le- keana, &c.
Lema, n. (1) a variant of dema, a
wicker fish-trap (see Dema). (2) a.
occasional form of -ma, good,
agreeing with D 5 (S), i. e.
following the analogy of the
pronominal adjectives (like -ote,
-enye, and a few other adjectives).
Lemaa, n. defect, deformity,
disfigurement,
blemish,
mutilation.
-enyi lemaa, deformed, maimed,

crippled, &c. (Cf. follg. and

kilema.)

Lemaza, v. Cs. maim, mutilate,

disfigure, &c. (Cf. lemaa, kilema.')

LEGEA

Lemea, v. sometimes Elemea

sober,
become
steadyin
manner, gait, &c.a Rv. Nt.
form. (Cf. prec. and lewa.)
Levy a. v. make drunk,
intoxicate, cause to reel, make
stagger, make giddy. Jilevya, make
oneself drunk, get intoxicated.
Also Rd. levya- levyaa Cs. form
in -ya, cf. potty a. (Cf. prec.)
Lewa, v. be drunk (giddy,
intoxicated), stagger, sway, reel,
wave to and fro. Lezva kwa pombe,
be drunk on native beer. Lewa kwa
bahari, of the effects of seasickness,be giddy. Dau lalewa,
of a boat on a rough sea,roll
and pitch. Also Rd. lewa- lewa,
reel and stagger. (Cf. levya, levuka,
-levi, ulevi, kileo, and dist. lewa, Ps.
of lea, rear, educate.)

cry from passion (jealousy). Ap.

It lia, liliwa, cry to (for, at, with,
&c.), sound in harmony with, &c.
Liliwa, be mourned for, See. Jililia,
bewail oneself. Cs. liza, lizwa,
lizana, cause to sound, make cry,
cause (or, be the occasion of)
crying. Lizana, weep together,
weep over each other. Liza
buttduki, fire off a gun. Jiliza,
pretend to cry, sham sorrow, shed
mock tears. Rp. liana, e. g. of
harmonious, concerted sounds,
or general mourning, &c. (Cf.
tnlio, kilio, and sauti, vurna, irnba,
ngurttma, &c.)
Libasi, n. See Lebasi. (Arab.)
Licba, conj. and lie ha ya, prep,
let alone, not to say, much more
(less). E. g. sikupata robo moja, licha
reale, I did not get a shilling, not
to mention (much less) a dollar.
IJcha ya haya, hatta mangitte mabaya, apart from these, there are
other bad points. Lieha tawi lilioiva, hatta bichi liko, not to mention

ripe bunches, there are unripe

Li, verb-form, (it) is, too. Licha ya ttdege moja, hatta wote
agreeing with D 5 (S), e. g. kasha ntakupa, one bird is nothing, I will
li zito, the box is heavy.
give you all of them.
Li-, -li, (i) verb- and pron. a.
Lihamu, n. solder. See Lepfx.,-agreeing with D 5 (S), e. g. hemu. (Ar.)
ulichukue kasha lile, carry that box.
(2) sign
of Past Tense
*Lijamu, n. bit (of a horse).
Affirmative, and also with a-, i.e. Seruji na lijamtt na vigwe, saddle,
ali-, and forms part of the Past bit, and reins. (Ar.)
Conditional Tense sign, -ngali-.
(3)
verbLika, v. Nt. of la, cat (which
form
sec).
representing sometimes (and in
some other Bantu dialects
regularly) the present Tense of
wa, be, with or without a prefixed,
but not used to denote absolute
existence, c. g. ttili (ttali), I am,
nikali, and I am. Alt, he is. It is
regularly used in connexion with
the relative, i.e. aliye, he who is,
not awaye; utalio, they who are,
not wawao; lililo, that which is, not
liwalo.

Likiza, v. fi) give leave

(respite, relief, holiday) to,
release, let go; (2) dismiss, send
away, make go, not allow to stay.
Thus likiza mtoto may mean (1)
give a boy a holiday, or (2) wean
a child (cf. achishd). Ps. likiswa. Ap.
likizda, -iwa. Cs. likiz-isha, -ishwa.
Rp. likizana. (Cf. ondosha, ruhusu, aehi~ sha,
chezesha.)

Lima, v. hoc,the only native

Lia, v. (1) sound, make a
sound (the most general word for mode of cultivation, hence
generally
1

cultivate, work land.

LAMBA

103

sound of any kind, in animate or

inanimate nature) ; (2) utter a cry,
cry out (for joy, sorrow, pain, &c.)
; (3) mourn, weep. Churna yalia,
iron has a ring. Paitaliar wazi, the
place sounds hollow. JS degt analia,
the bird is singing. Buttduki zalia,
guns arc going off (sounding\ Lia
ntachozi, shed tears, cry. Lia ng'oa
(tnvivu),

LEGEA

Cs. litn-isha, -ishwa, -ishia, &c., e.

g. of the overseer (msimatntzi), get
hoeing
done,
or
of
the
Mahommedan minister (mwalimu),
give permission to begin hoeing.
(Cf. follg. and mlimo, mkulima,
O

kilimo.)

-limaji,
a.
engaged
agriculture. Mlimaji, same
mkulima. (Cf. lima.)

in
as

pleasure deferred, enjoy the firstfruits, get the benefit of, use for
the first time. E.g. watu wanalimbuka leo vitu vya mwaka, people
are now beginning to enjoy the
years produce. Kwetida kulimbuka
katika shamba lake, go to enjoy the
first- fruits of his estate. Ps.
limbukwa. Ap. litnbuk-ia, -iwa. Cs.
limbu-sha, -shwa, e.g. reward
waiting, give a foretaste of, satisfy
hope deferred, yield the wishedfor result, answer expectations.
(Cf. limbika, and follg.)

Xiimatia, v. be delayed, remain

behind, be late, be too long. Safari
inalimatia, the expedition is
delayed. Ps. limatiwa. Cs. limatLimbuko, n. (ma-\ first-fruits,
isha,-ishwa. (Seldom in Z. Cf. syn. reward of waiting, fulfilment of
kawia, che- lewa, i'zW.)
hope, foretaste of reward. (Cf.
prec.)
Limau, n. (a-), a lemon, fruit
of the mlimau.
-limi, a. talkative, chatting,
long- winded. (Cf. ulirni, tongue,
Limbika, v. (i) allow time for, and mwenyi domo.)
wait for; (2) keep from, let
remain, reserve, economize, put
Linda, v. (1) defend, protect,
aside (in store); (3) bear with, be guard, watch, keep safe; (2) keep
patient to, show consideration for. off, fend off, guard against, watch
E.g. limbika maji, wait for water, for. E.g. angeuawa, lakini Muungu
at an exhausted or slow-running ame- mlinda, he would have been
well. L. ndizi {bunt), wait for killed, but God protected him.
bananas (coffee) to ripen. L. nycle, Jilinde, nami ntakulinda, defend
let the hair grow. L. manetto, to yourself and I will defend you.
answer slowly, deliberately. L. Linda kingojo ndege wasile matunda,
waltt, not to overwork people, treat keep watch lest birds eat the fruit.
with consideration. Ps. limbikwa, e. Mlinzi ku- linda ndege, the
g. nazi hulimbikwa juu ya mnazi hatta watchman watches against the
zikakauka, the cocoanuts are left on birds. Mke mztiri hali- ndwi, a pretty
the tree till quite dry, i.e. when woman is not driven away, or, is
wanted for seed. Ap. limbik-ia, not (easily) kept safe. Ps. lindwa.
-iwa, e.g. amelimbikia watolo mali, Nt. lindika. Ap. lind-ia, -iwa, e.g.
he has reserved (laid up) money nimemlindia shamba lake, I have
for his children. (Cf. follg.)
guarded his plantation for him. Cs.
lind-isha, -ishwa. Rp. lindana. (Cf.
Limbiko, n. (jna-), anything re- mlinzi, Undo, ulinzi.)
served, put away in store, hoard,
reserve. (Cf. limbika, and follg.,
Lindi, n. (ma-)} a deep place,
and syn. akiba.)
deep channel, hole,esp. in
water, the sea. Also /. la choo,
Limbuka, v. come to an end of cesspool. (There is a town called
waiting for, get the result of Lindi on the coast south of
waiting
(care,
consideration, Zanzibar, another Ma- lindi (or
prudence), enjoy a looked-for Alelindi) north, and a district of
advantage, have a first taste of Zanzibar city is also called

Malindi.)

-LIMAJI

Lindo, n. (ma-), a watchingplace, station, post (to guard). (Cf.

linda, and kingojo.)
Linga, v. (1) make equal, put
side by side, match, compare, suit,
level,
smooth,
straighten,
harmonize; (2) be equal, be like,
suit, harmonize, fit. Z. bunduki,
level a gun, take aim (cf. elekeza).
L. nguo, try on clothes, be
measured for clothes. L. kichwa,

196

LING A

of a movement in dancing,
bending the head forward and
sweeping round. IVatu pia
wamelinga kiatu hiki, every one has
tried
on
this
shoe,of
Cinderellas slipper. Ps. lingwa.
Nt. lingika. Ap. ling-ia, -iwa. Rp.
lingana, e. g. match, be like, be
level, harmonize,also, make a
suitable reply. Also linganya, linganisha, ? linganyua. (Cf. -linganifu.)

*Lisasi, n. (, and tna-),

also Bisasi, (1) lead (the metal);
(2) a bullet. (Cf. malisaa, popoo.)
Liwa, n. sweet-scented wood
brought from Madagascar, like
sandal-wood. It is grated,
mixed with water, and used as a
perfume. (Cf. sattdali, rnliwa.)

-linganifu, a. (same with D 4

Liwali, n. {tna-), also Wali,
(P), D 5 (S), D 6), agreeing,
matched,
similar,
suitable, governor, headman, i. e. the
harmonious, regular. (Cf. ling a, Arab official representing the
Sultan of Zanzibar, or supreme
ulinganifu.)
government. (Ar. il wali,
Linganya, v. Cs. of Linga changed to liwali, cf. lawala.)
(which see', e.g. suit, match,
Liza, v. (1) cause to buy,
harmonize, tune (an instrument).
indnee to buy, sell to, e.g.
Lini, adv. interrog., When? At mbotia watu unawaliza ? Why are
what time? (Cf. syn. 7uakatigani? you getting people to buy?
(seems to be conn, with uza,
sell, as if for uliza, see uza). (2)
saa tigapi ? siku ipi ?)
Lio, n. (tttasound, loud cry, Cs. of lia, cause to sound, make
shout, roar, loud wailing. Mai to cry.
ya kiko, the bubbling sound of a
Liza, n. (), door chain. See
native pipe (with a water-bowl).
Biza.
(Cf. lia, tnlio, kilio.)
Lo, a. relative, agreeing with
D 5 (S), which, that. Seldom
used independently except in
such a phrase as kasha lo lote,
any box whatsoever. Hakufattya
Nikulipe mema yako uliyonitendea, {tieno) lo lote, he did nothing at
let me pay back your kindness to all. (Cf. /, and -o.)
me. Lipa kisasi, suffer vengeance,
-lo, a. (1) short form of lako,
also, take vengeance, i.c. pay
back. Ps. lipioa. Nt. lipika. Ap. lip- appended sometimes to D 5
-ia, -iwa, pay to (for, on behalf of, (S), e.g. jinalo, your name, i.e.1
jina lako. Also (2) in verbs,
&c.), avenge. Cs. lip-isha, -ishwa,
which, that, agreeing with D 5
-iza, -ixwa, -izana, make pay, exact (S), netio alitolinena, the word
a return from, Sec. Liptza kisasi, which he spoke.
take vengeance on. Jilipiza, pay
Lo, Loo, int. of pleasure,
oneself by force, take as ones
due, and with kisasi, avenge wonder, horror, &c.,the
intensity of feeling being
oneself on. (Cf. lipo, lipizi.)
represented by the indefinite
Lipizi, n. {ttta-'), forced prolongation of the vowel
payment, exaction, vengeance. sound.
(Cf. lipa, lipo.)
Loa, -loofu. See Lowa, -loLipo, n. {ttta-), payment, wofu.
recompense, revenge. (Cf. lipa.)
Lipa, v. (1) pay, give in
payment, repay, make a return
for, recompense, compensate,
reward ; (2) have to pay, suffer
(for). Lipa deni, pay a debt.

-LIMAJI

Loga, v. bewitch, use enchantment on, place under a spell or

charm. Ps. logwa. (Cf. ttganga,
nehawi, ttiwanga, and pagaza.)
Loo, int. Sec Lo.
Lowa, v. and Loa, get wet, be
soaked (drenched, saturated), be
damp. Nt. lozoeka, (1) get wet,
same as lowa, and (2) make wet,
drench, souse, c. g. loweka nguo,
put

196

LING A

clothes to soak. Ps. lowekwa, be

wetted, drenched, soaked, &c. Cs.
low-esha, -eshwa. Rp. low ana, i. e.
all get wet together. (Both the /
and w sounds are evanescent, and
so oa, oeka, oana may be heard. Cf.
follg. and tia inaji, rutubisha, chovya.)

Lowama, v. be in a wet
condition, be soaked, &c., and Ap.
lowamia. Cs. lowamisha. (A St.
form. Cf. Iowa, and follg.)
-lowefu, a. and -loefu (same
with D 4 (P), D 5 (S), D 6), wet,
moist, damp, soaking. Fanya gundi
ilo- weke kalika maji hatia ilowame,
let the gum be steeped in water,
till it is thoroughly soaked. (Cf.
Iowa, and syn. inaji inaji, chepe
chepe, -a ru- tubaP)
*Lozi, n. (ma-), an almond,
from the tree inlozi.
Luba, n. a leech. See Mruba.
*Lugha, n. language, speech. L.
ya kiunguja na kimvila ni mbali
kidogo, the language of Zanzibar

and Mombasa differ slightly. (Ar.

Cf. syn. inaneno, and use of ki-P)

savour. (Ar. Cf. utamuP)

M.
M represents the same sound as
in English. But beside this purely
consonantal sound, it includes also
a semi-vowel sound, very
common in Swahili, capable of
bearing an accent and so of being
treated as a distinct syllable. This
semi-vowel sound might be
represented in many words by
writing m with a u preceding or
following, i.e. mu-, um-. But the
vocalization of in is in Zanzibar so
slight, and yet so characteristic,
that mw- is best written for mubefore a vowel, and m written m\
when it is necessary to indicate its
distinct syllabic character,a
necessity, however, which does
not occur very often in practice.
Thus the m is strictly the same in
mtolo and mlu, mtini and inti, but as
in Swahili the accent always falls
on the last syllable but one, the m
in mtolo and mtini has little more
than a consonantal force, and the
words may be scanned as
disyllables, while in mtu, mti, m has
a distinct syllabic force sufficiently shown by the form of the
word and ordinary rules of
Swahili pronunciation. On the
other hand, m may well be written
m in words like am'ka, alim'pa, &c.,
and mu in words like muhogo,
muhindi (which see).

Lulu, n. a pearl. Kuzamia /., to

dive for pearls. Bora kama /., as
beautiful as a pearl. As a type of
perfection, /. is playfully used in
salutation. Hujambo kama lulu ? Are
you as well, as a pearl (is M (like k, and the vowel a) is one
beautiful)? (Cf. for gems, kito, of the commonest and most
almasi,jiruzi, &c.)
characteristic sounds of the
Lungu, n. {ma-). See Kungu.
Swahili language, owing to its
Lungula, v. and Rungula, treat wide use as a formative in Swahili
with violence, extort money from, generally, and also. in Arabic
blackmail, threaten, rob. Not often words adopted and adapted for
heard in Z. (Cf. mlungula, hongo, Swahili use, and though somewhat
nyang'anya.)
un-English it is not difficult for a
*Luththa, n. taste, flavour, foreigner to become accustomed

-LIMAJI

to. In the Arabic words common

in Swahili, in, mu, and ma
generally point to verbal nouns of
time, place, &c. or to the
participles formed with m,their
accidental similarity to common
Bantu forms helping to their
adoption and adaptation, even
when the original force of the
Arab, formative is disregarded. E.
g. the names Muhamadi (or
Mhamadi), Mabruki, and mathbuha,
mathbahu, &c. It is so common as a
formative of verbal nouns, that it
is impossible to give in this
Dictionary all such nouns, actual
or potential, in Swahili

196

LING A

agreeing (1) with

D 2 (S), D 4 (S),
c.g. mtu ntwema,
mti mzuri (but obs. that in the
pronom. adj. angtt, -ako, &c., w
(for u) takes the place of mw, c.g.
mtu wattgu, and also in the adj. -cte,
-ettyi, -enyewe, in agreement with D
2 (S), D 4 (S), c. g. mti wtnyewe),

100

M
Many must therefore be looked
for, if not found under m, mw- (or
the other common pfxs. ma-, mb-),
under the letter next following,
where at least the root-meaning
may be indicated.
M, as a simple independent
syllable, is a verb-form (you)
are, used like other person
prefixes for ni, agreeing with the
Pronoun of a Pers. Plur. e. g. ninyi
m watu wazuri, you are fine people.
M (or mw- before a vowel, and
in some words mu-) is, as a
formative A. of nouns, (i) the
characteristic
initial
sound
(properly semi-vocal, but often
practically
consonantal,
as
noticed above) of D i (S), D 2 (S),
and of adjectives agreeing with
them other than pronominal
(which as a rule begin with w, i. e.
u, not mu, e. g. mitt wangu, mti
wenyewe). The omission of m
before words of these declensions
has the effect of transferring them
to D 5, usually giving them an
amplificative meaning. (2) a
formative of verbal nouns,
prefixed at pleasure to any verbal
stem, act. or pass., and forms a
noun denoting 1. a personal agent
(or patient) and (a) if the final
vowel of the verb stem is
unchanged, the noun is so
completely verbal as usually to
govern a noun following, e. g.
mla watu, a cannibal,but (b) if
such final vowel is changed to -e,
-1, or has -//affixed, the noun is a
true noun, -e often indicating a
passive force, -ji an habitual
agent, c.g. mmtti, mchungaji, ntkaic.
2. If the final vowel is -0, the noun
denotes an action or thing acting,
not a personal agent. Cf. nuhindo,
mwattso, tmutt guko, See.

Ik In adjectives, a prefix

AT A .

and (2) with nouns ending with

the locative -ni, when indicating
place or circumstances within
which something happens, e. g.
nyumbani mwa- ngu, in my house.
It is also prefixed to adjectives (3)
with the same general force as ku,
e. g. mzuri hurno, like kuzttri httko,
it is nice there. Mwenyi (or kwenyi)
saa tnoja, at one (seven) oclock,
in one hour.
C. In verbs, (1) subjective pfx.
of the 2 Pers. Plur., and
occasionally, with -ni affixed to
the verb, objective of the same,
e.g.
mwapenda,
you
love,
ampendani, he loves you, (2)
objective pfx. of 3 Pers. S.
agreeing with D 1 (S), and also
(3) subjective of the same, when
the reference is to environment
generally or place in particular,
like ku and pa, e.g. mtiarno, there
is (in) there, and mna, there is (in)
there. Mnanuka Itumo, there is a
smell in there.
Obs. adjectives are as a rule in
this Dictionary placed under the
first letter of their root. But a
number of adjectives practically
confined by their meaning to D 1
are also for convenience given
under m, as their most common
singular form, and as often used
of persons without any noun, and
so practically nouns themselves.
(Cf. mo, mu, mwa, and ///, pa.)
Ma-, as an initial syllable1. is
in most words of Arabic origin
the Arabic formative of verbal
nouns and participles, but from its
identity of form it is sometimes
treated by Swahili instinct as the
Ik formative of the plur. of D 5
(cf. same tendency as to the
formative ki, c.g. kitabu, plur.
vitabu). 2. as a formative proper in

Swahili, ma- is (a) the plur. pfx. of

I) 5 and of adjectives agreeing
with them (other than pronominal
adjectives, these having y- for
ma-). (b) a plur. pfx. denoting what
is large of its kind. Thus many
nouns have practically two
plurals, expressing different
degrees of size or importance,
e.g.pete, as D 6, is a rin

gof moderate or ordinary size,

plnr. pete ; but pete, plur. mapete,
rings of unusual size (cf. the dim.
kipete, a small ring, plur. vipete).
(c) the

the Stative form or conjugation of

the Swahili verb, denoting a
relatively permanent state or
condition, e. g.

plur. pfx. of most foreign words,

even when the singular is treated
as D i, e.g. sttltani, plur. masultani.
(d) used with some adjectival
roots with the meaning usually
conveyed by the prefix u, e. g.
makali ya upanga, the sharpness
(or, edge) of a sword ; mapana ya
mti, the thickness (girth, diameter)
of a tree; makttu, pride; and cf.
usumbuo, (active) annoyance;
masumbuo, annoying acts, and,
when
these
are
regarded
collectively, annoyance in
general, like the sing. (e) as the
plur. pfx. of nouns, which in the
sing, usually occur as D 4, and
some of these nouns have
accordingly two plurals. In this
case, ma- (1) often denotes
concrete instances of what is in
the sing, usually abstract, e. g.
uamkizi, visiting in general;
maamkizi, particular visits. (2) as a
plur. pfx. of verbal nouns from an
act. or pass, stem, e.g.
niasifu,masijftwa,i?iatakwa, but the
corresponding sing, is not used. It
may also (3) refer to relative size,
cf. (b) above. Obs. (1) the prefix
via- when followed by e, i, or 0,
coalesces with it to form, an e
sound, e. g. tnakasha mettpe(maeupe), mengi (ma-ingi), meroro (maeroro). (2) the words given under
ma- in this Dictionary are mainly
either (a) of Arabic origin and
form, or (b) used only or mostly
in the plur., or (c) used in plur.
with a meaning somewhat
different from that of the sing., or
(1d) of unusual meaning. Words
beginning with ma-, not found
under ma-, may be looked for
under the letter following ma-, or
under u followed by that letter.

&c. See also -mana, -ama.

kwarna, simama, funibana, tuama,

*Maabudu,
(objects) of

Ci.abudu,ibadaf)

n. an object
worship. (Ar.

*Maddam, conj. (1) when,

while, since; (2) since, if, seeing
that, because. E. g. ma&dam
amtaka, when (as long as) he
wants him. Maadam ya kufika wewe
huku, since your arrival here.
(Arab., not often heard. Cf. wakati
wa, and -po.)
*Maafikano, n. plur. (1) agreement,
contract,
bargain,
settlement;
( 2 ) mutual understanding
(respect, esteem). Nina
maafikano naye, I am on
good terms with him.
(Cf. afiki, mwafaka, and
syn. maagano, mkataba.)
*Maakuli, n., and Makuli, victuals, food. (Arab. Cf. syn.
chakula.)

*Maalum, a.
recognized, true.
elimu.)

well-known,
(Arab. Cf.

Maamkio, Maamkizi, n. plur.,

visits, acts of visiting. (Cf. am'ka,
zuru'.)
*Maamuma, n. an utter fool,
blockhead, simpleton, ignoramus.
(? Ar. Cf. syn. mjinga, mshenzi,
kafiri.)
Maamuzi, n. plur., and
Maamzi, judgement, arbitration,
verdict. (Cf. amua, mwamuzi, and
syn. hukumu.)

-ma (-ama) is the characteristic

*Maana, n. (1) cause, reason,
termination of what may be called sake, consideration; (2) meaning,

import, purpose, intention; (3)

reasonableness, sobriety, sense. E.
g. kwa maana (ya), because (of), on
account of, for the sake of,
considering (that). Tia maanani,
keep in mind, ponder, reflect on.
Maneno ya nu, statements of
importance. Waume wenyi m.,
manly, sensible persons. Asiojua
maana, haambiwi maana, he who
does not know the meaning will
not be told it. Often (4) as
conj.,because, in order to (that),
Maandalio,
n.
plur.,
preparation, esp. of food, cooking
and serving a meal. (Cf. andaa,
uandao, rna- andasi.)

Maandamano, Maandamizi, n.

by knowledge, not by force. (Ar.

Cf. arifu, taarifu, and follg., and
syn. climit, busara, aki/i.)
plar.,
a
following,
train,
procession. (Cf. andamatta.)

Maarufu,
a.
celebrated, famous.
prec.)

known,
(Ar. Cf.

Maandasi, n. plur., used of

*Maasi,n. any repudiation of
any kind of confectionery, and
sweet cooked dishes, e. g. pastry, obligation (duty, right), i.e.
pies, tarts, puddings, jams, cakes, disobedience, rebellion, mutiny,
buns, &c. Various kinds are disloyalty, apostasy, desertion of
(Cf.
bumunda, ladu, kitumbua, mkaie wa wife or children, &c.
kumimina (wa kusottga, wa sinia, wa asi, uasi, and syn. halif 11,
tambi, wa rnofa), nyang'amba, &c.
AT. ya may at., an omelette. Sinia ya thulumu.)
Maawio, n. plur. See Maao.
maandasi, a tray for sweetmeats.
(Cf. andaa, and prec.)
*Maazimu, n. a loan, a debt.
Maandikio, n. plur., place (Ar. Cf. azimu, kopa, and syn. deni,
karaiha
.)
(time, manner, &c.) of putting
ready, preparation, arrangement,
*Mabruki, n. a common
esp. of serving up meals. (Cf.
Swahili name,meaning blessed.
attdika, mwatidishi, &c., and follg.)
(Ar. Cf. bariki, mbaraka.)
Maandiko, n. plur., (i) setting
*Maburudisho, Maburudu, n.
in order, arranging, putting
ready ; (2) things set in order, recreation, refreshment, relief.
arrangements, &c.; (3) esp. things (Ar. Cf. baridi, burttdisha.)
written,
writings,
report,
Machela, n. litter, palanquin,
description.
(Cf. attdika,
sling or hammock for carrying a
person. (Cf. in si.)
mwattdiko, and tnkono.)
Maandishi, n. plur., like
Macheleo, n. plur. objects of
maandiko, but esp. of preparing fear (reverence, awe). (Cf. cha, v.,
and serving food, food served, fear, and afa.)
&c. Also of writing, handwriting.
(Cf. prec.)
Macheo, n. plur. for machwco.
Alacheo ya jua, sunset, the west. (In
Maanga, a. Maji maanga, Z. magaribi is usual. Cf. cha, v.,
clear, transparent water. (Cf. and tnachwa.)
-attga/u, atiga, &c.)
Machinjo, n. plur. slaughter,
Maangalizi, n. plur., careful massacre, place of slaughter. Also
attention. vCf. anga/ia.)
machinjio, slaughter-house. (Cf.
Maangamizi, n. plur., utter chinja.)
ruin, destruction, collapse. Af. ya
Macho, n. plur. (1) eyes (sing,
kesho, ruin in the next world, jicho, which sec), and as a.
eternal damnation. (Cf. ongamia.)
awake, on the alert; (2) macho ya
sunrise, east. (Cf. cha, v.,
Maanguko, n. plur., fall, jua,
collapse, fallen remains, ruins. Af. dawn, and maao.)
ya
maji,
cataract, cascade,
Mochubwichubwi,
n.
pi.
waterfall. (Cf. anguka.)
mumps.
Miao, n. plur., and Maawio.
Mochukio, n. plur., (1) objects
of hate, abomination, offence; (2)
and Maehukizo, feeling of hate,
hatred,
disgust,
aversion,

Alaao ya jua (u e. mawao, cf. waa),

sunrise, the orient, east (cf. macho
ya fua). (In Z. mashariki is usual.)

Maapizo,
n.
plur.,
imprecations,
curses,
denunciations. (Cf. apa, ajtiza.)
Maarifa, n. knowledge, information, intelligence, news. Afambo ni
maarifa, si ttguvu, the world is rule

Mafaa, n. use, utility, profit,

advantage, e.g. ng'ombe hizi hazina
mafaa, these oxen are no good.
(Cf. faa, vifaa, faida, and syn.

djua, sunset, west. (Cf. cha, v., and uchumi.)

Maficho, n. plur. concealment,
macheo for machweo, follg.)
place of concealment, hidingplace.
A mefanya kwa maficho, he
Machweo, n. plur. Machweo ya
has acted secretly, i. e.
jua, as machwa.
Madadi,n. a preparation of kifichoficho. (Cf. fcha.)
opium, made up in pellets for
Mafu, n. death, dead things.
smoking. (Cf. afyuni, kasumba, Also as adj., maji mafu, neap tide.
bangi.)
(Cf. fa, kifo, ufu, fu. In Z. mauti
*Madaha, n. plur. airs, graces, (Ar.) is usual for death.)
fascinating manners. Fanya\piga)
Mafua,
n.
plur.
chest
m., show off, make a display,of symptoms, chest complaint (cold
personal attractions.
in
the
chest,
bronchitis,
phthisis, &c.). (Cf.
Madai, n. plur. occupation or pneumonia,
profession of an advocate. Also kifua,pafu.)
lawsuit, legal claims. (Cf. dai,
Mafungulia,
n.
plur.
dawa.)
unfastening, esp. mafungulia
as a mark of time,
Madanganya, n. plur. tricks, ng'ombe, time,
about 8-9 a.m.,
imposture, deception, illusion, grazing
the dew is gone, and sun
cheating. (Cf. danganya, hila, when
not too hot.
(Cf.fungua.)
ujanja, werevu.')
Madaraka,
n.
plur.
arrangements,
responsible
management, care, direction. M.
ya nyumba, house-keeping. (Cf.
diriki, and syn. matengenezo,
maandiko.)
Madende, n. plur. Sautiya madende, an affected style of singing,

with trills, quavers, protracted

notes, &c.

Mafusho, n. See Mavusho.

Mafuta, n. plur. oil, fat, grease
(of any kind). M. ya nyama, fat,
lard, dripping (also shahamu,
animal fat. Butter is commonly
distinguished as siagi, or samli,
ghee). Mafuta ya taa (ya kizungu,
ameri- kano), common petroleum.
Vegetable oils are mafuta ya uta,
semsem oil; m.ya mbdrika, castor
oil; m. ya nazi, cocoanut oil. (Cf.
futa, ufuta, 7 uta.)

Madevu, n. plur. beard, beardlike appendage or growth, e. g. of

Mafuu, n. plur. craziness,
plants, maize, &c. (Cf. udevu, plur. silliness,
half-witted state. (Cf.
ndevu, kidevu.')
kichaa, wa- zimu.)

Madifu,the fibrous envelope

Mafya, n. plur. (sing-jifya),
which binds the young cocoanut stones
to support a pot or
leaf to the parent stem. (Cf. kilifu.) kettle used
in cooking. (Cf. mafiga,
meko.)
Also
of an island
Madini, n. metal,of any (Momfia), S. name
of Zanzibar.
kind.
n. soda. Also plur. of
( Ar. For metals known in Z. cf. gadi*Magadi,
(which see).
chuma, iron ; shaba, copper, brass;
bati, tin ; risasi, lead; ihahabu, gold;
Magaribi, n. also Mangaribi,
Magrebi, (1) time of sunset, Mahommedan evening prayers or

MACHWEO
fetha, silver.)

Madoadoa, n. used as a.,

spotted, speckled. (Cf. doa, and
maraka- raka.)

Maelezi, n. plur. floating, being

afloat, anchorage, roadstead,
moderately deep water. (Cf. elea,
chelezo, and follg.)
Maelezo, n. plur. explanations,
descriptions, comment. (Cf. elea,
eleza, and prec.)
Mafa, n. plur. place of burial,
cemetery. (Cf.fa. In Z. makaburi,
maziara are usual.)

202

MAGEUZI

plant muhindi. (Cf. hindi, muhindi.)

Mahiri, a. and Maheli,
skilful," clever, quick. Fundi
mahiri, a clever craftsman. (Ar.
Cf. umahiri, and syn. mbingwa,
changeableness. Also mageuzo, i.e. msladi, waria, &c.)
changings,the process rather
than the fact or effect, and cf.
Mahoka, n. plur. (1) (a kind
geua.
of) evil spirits; (2) frenzy, mania,
madness. (Cf. shetani, pepo.)
Mago,n. plur. of kago (which
see).
Maisha, n. (1) continuance,
duration, permanence; (2) life (in
Magombezi, n. plur. quarrel, op- respect of length and duration),
position,
prohibition.
Also period of living, mode of life. E.g.
magombe- 50,quarrellings,of the mti huu una tn. sana, this wood is
action, rather than the fact or very durable. M. maovu, evil
effect.
(Cf.
living. M. mengi, long life. Also as
gomba,
adv., maisha na rnilele, for life and
for ever, i.e. for ever and ever.
gombeza, tigomvi.)
Utuftinge maisha yctn, imprison us
Mahabba,
n.
affection, for life. Mpaka maisha, till life
fondness, love. (Ar. Cf. habba, ends, the whole life long. (Maisha
muhebbil)
is treated sometimes as D 6,
sometimes as D 5, though there is
*Mahali, n. also Mabala, cf. no sing. isha. While maisha mengi
pahali, pahala, (i) place, position, means (see above) * long life,
situation, and fig. place of honour; maisha ttyingi would rather mean
(a) region, district, country (cf. in- many lives, i.e. life- periods.
chi) ; (3) room, space, interval (cf. Maisha is life in respect of length
najfasi). Mahali (pahali) is the only and content; ttmri, time of life,
noun in Swahili meaning 1 place,' age; uzima, life as manifest in the
the only word
with which the pfx. living condition, state of living;
p- (pa-, P) m reference to space is roho, the life-principle, soul,
regularly associated, and as a rule spirit. (Ar. Cf. ishi, a us hi, uzima,
means place, position, only. E.g. roho, umri.)
mahali hapa, this place. M. hapo
{pale), that place. M. pote, every
Maiti, n. a dead body, corpse,
place, everywhere. Mahali pa, in usually human only. Also, a
the place of, instead of. IVaka- dead person, i.e. mtu maiti. Ilukuta
mvjcndca pale pahali pake, and they maiti sa Wawemba, we kept coming
went to him at his place there. on the bodies of dead Wawemba.
Ani- iveka mahali, he puts me in a (Ar. Cf. rnauti, also mzoga, pinda.)
place, i.e. treats me with
distinction. (Ar. Cf. pahali,a
*Majahaba, n. a dockfor
form assimilated to the B. pfx. of ships. (C f.gudi.)
place. Dist. mahari, dowry.)
Majaliwa, n. what is granted,
Maharazl, n. a shoemakers aid, help, favour, grace of God.
awl, for stitching leather.
(Cf.
(Arab.)
jalt,jalia.)

Mahari, n. a marriage
Mnjani, n. plur. grass, leaves,
settlement, money or property in general. See Jani.
paid to the wifes relations, or
Majoruhi, a. wounded. (Ar.
Cf. jtraha, jeruhil)

MACHWEO
settled on the wife. Tumepatana na
mahari yake rupia sittini, we have
agreed ns to her dowry, viz. sixty
rupees. (Ar. Dist. mahali.)
Mahati, n. a carpenters gauge
for marking lines. Also, a marking
cord, ruddle. (Hind.)
Mahazamu,n.ashawl
or
wrapper worn round the wai^t as a
girdle. (Ar. Cf. ntshipi, masombo,
utu- mbuul)
Mahindi, n. plur. single grains
of Indian com, maize, i.e. seeds of
the

202

MAGEUZI

secretion, juice, sap, &c. Usually

treated as D 5 (P), no singular. E.
g. teka m., draw water (from a
well, water-hole, &c.). M. baridi
{mat a mu, ya pepo, ya mvua), fresh
water. M. ya chumvi {ya bahari), salt
water. M. bamvua {makuu), spring
tide. M. mafu, neap tide. M. ya moto,
(1) hot water, (2) a kind of light
red or yellow ant. Kama maji,{\)
fluid,liquid, (2) fluent, flowing,
of ready speech. Used also in
virtual compounds, mja maji, one
who arrives by sea, a stranger,
newcomer. Mwana maji, a sailor,
sea-faring man. M. ya shahada,
water poured (by Mahommedans)
into a small hole at the head of a
grave, when filled in. Also as a.,
maji, majiviaji, wet, damp. (Cf. Ar.
md, water, maj, bitter, salt, briny, or
better perh. uji, rice gruel, and ? ja,
v. Other Bantu dialects have madzi,
amanzi, matsi, mezi, medi, mesi,
tnashi, &c.)
*Majibizano, n. teaching by
question and answer, catechetical
instruction.
(Cf. jibu.)

Majira, n. time, period,

season. Kwa m. haya, at this time.
M. ya mvua, rainy season. As conj.
when, while, e. g. in. akilinda
shamba, while (he is) watching the
plantation. (Ar. Cf. wakiti, pindi.)
*Mjira, n. course of a ship,
in navigation. Twaa mdjira, get
bearings, find the course. (Ar.)
Majisifu, n. plur. self-praise,
boasting, brag, conceit. (From Rf.
of si/u, cf. follg.)
Majivuno, n. plur. boasting,
bragging, self-laudation. (From
Rf. of vuna, cf. prec. and kujiona.)
Majonsi, n. sorrow, grief,
mourning, sadness. Fanya (ona) in.,
be sorrowful, sad. (Cf. hamu,
huzuni, simanzi, sikitiko, &c.)
*Majuni,n. a preparation of
opium, Indian hemp, &c., with
sugar and other ingredients made
up into a sweetmeat,strongly
intoxicating. (Cf. madadi.)
Majuto, n. plur. and Majutio,
regrdt,
repentance,
remorse.
Majuto ni mjukuu, remorse is like a
grandchild, i. e. comes at last. (Cf.
juta,

and toba.)
Makaa, n. plur. coal, charcoal.
Majibu, n. an answer, reply, See Kan.
response, also as a plur. form, answers. (Ar. Cf. jibu, jaw abu.)
Makalalao, n. nickname of the
Madagascar settlers in Zanzibar.
Majilio, n. plur. time (place, (M. means cockroaches,in Z.
manner, &c.) of coming (to), ap- commonly mende.)
proach, arrival, advent. (Cf. ja,
jilia.)
Makali, n. the sharp part, edge,
point, of a thing, e.g. makali ya
Majilipa, n. also Majilipo, Ma- upanga, the edge of a sword, as
jilip-izi, -izo, -isho, repayment, re- contr. with bapa, the flat. (Cf. -kali,
quital, revenge. (Cf. lipa, malipo, ukali, and mapana.)
and syn. kisasi.)
*Makani,
n.
dwelling,

MACHWEO
dwelling- place, residence, home.
(Ar. Cf. masikani, makazi, kao,
makao.)

Makasi, n. a pair of scissors,

sometimes inkasi, also treated
as D5(P). (Ar.)
'
*Makataa,
n.
binding
agreement,
contract,
final
settlement, engagement. (Ar. Cf.
kata, kataa, iiika- taa, and syn.
mkataba, sharti.)

Makatazo, n. plur. prohibition,

objection, refutation. (Cf. kataa,
kataza.)

Makazi, n. plur. dwelling,

dwelling-place, mode of dwelling.
(Cf. kaa, v., kao, &c., and syn.
inakani, masikani.)

Makengeza, n. plur. squinting,

a squint, i. e. in.ya macho. Mwenyi
in., one who squints. Kuwa na m.,
to have a squint,so angalia kwa
m. (Cf. upogo, kitongo.)
*Makeruhi, a. offensive, in ba

202

MAGEUZI

2C5

MAKI

MALELEZI

Makupwa, n. plur. shore,

d
taste, wrong. (Ar. Cf. kirihi, ikirahi, rocks, &c., left uncovered at low
tide. (Cf. pwa, ptvani, kipwa.)
and syn. machukizo.')
Maki, n. thickness, stoutness.

Nguo za /., thick clothes. Ukuta

una m., the wall is thick. (Ar. amag,
deep, depth, and cf. unene, urefiiy
upon a.')

Makusanyiko, n. plur. gathered

people or things, a gathering,
crowd,
concourse,
meeting,
assembly, collection. (Cf. kusanya,
kutana, and syn. mkutano, makutanoy
jamii.)

Makini, n. quiet, docile,

' Makufiudi, n. plur. and Makaamenable, well behaved, gentle,
composed. Roho makini, a quiet nidi, purposes, intentions, objects.
disposition, e.g. of a child who
stays at home, and does what it is
told. (Ar. Cf. -foie, -tulivti.)
Makiri, n. a cleat on the side
of a native vessel, for fastening a
rope (Str.).
Makosekano, n. plur. failure,
lack, defect,deficiency,want. Jil.ya
imani, want of faith. M. ya bithaa,
no supply of goods. (Cf. kosa,
kose- kam, and syn. upungufu.)
Maksai, n. a castrated animal,
bullock, gelding. Ng'ombe tnaksai, a
bullock. (Ar. Cf. hasi, and towashi.)
Makubazi, n. plur. a pair of
leather
sandals
with
ornamentation. (Cf. kiatu, ndara,
mlalawanda.)

*Makufuru,n.
infidelity,
sacrilege, blasphemy. (Ar. Cf.
kqfiri., ku- furu.)

*Makuli, n. and Moakuli, food,

victuals, provisions. (Ar. Cf. chakulay riziki, tiafuu.')

Makulima, n. plur. implements

or operations of agriculture,
agriculture, tillage. (Cf. lima,
mkulima, kili- mo.)

Makxmgu, n. plur. signs of dawn,

daybreak. (Cf. ukungu.)

Makupaa, n. plur. See Kupa,

Also as adv., on purpose,

intentionally, voluntarily, and as
conj. that, in order that, to. (Ar.
Cf. kusudi, and conj. illi.)
Makutano, n. plur. gathered
people or things, a gathering,
assemblage, meeting, crowd,
collection. (Cf. kuta, mkutano,
and syn. makusanyiko, jamii.)
Makuti, n. plur. used
commonly of cocoanut leaves
prepared for use as thatch in
Zanzibar. See Kuti.
Makuu, n. (strictly plur. of a.
-kuu),

(i) pride, ambition,

ostentation, show (cf. fahari,
kiburi, maji- sifu). Also (2)
presumption, which ignores
human conditions of dependence and limitation, defiance of
divine law, blasphemy, sacrilege
(cf. ma- kufurti). (Cf. -kuu.)
Makwa, n. plur. notches,
cut in the top of an upright post,
to carry a cross-piece.
*Malaika,
n.
(1)
a
messenger, an angel; (2) a baby
(cf.
kitoto,
mchanga).
(Ar., and dist. malaika,
down, from laika.)
Malaji, n. plur. greediness,
gluttony, voracity (as shown in
acts or habits, while ulaji is
rather of the quality or character
in general). (Cf. la, chakula,
ulaji.)

Malalo, n. plur. sleeping

things, i.e. place, arrangements,
bedding, things to lie 011. (Cf.
lala, ulalo, and follg.)
Malazi, n. plur. also Malazo,
(1) things to sleep on, bedding,
like malalo, e.g. nguo njetna tm
malazi memo, fine clothes and
fine things to sleep on; (2)

marriage
bed,
sexual
intercourse. (Cf. laza, lala.)
J&alele, n. orchilla weed,
used as a dye, and a regular
article of commerce in East
Africa.
Malolezi, n. plur. the season of
uncertain and cnanging winds, between the monsoons and during
the rains, i.e. about April and
Novem- ber in Z. Also called
tang a rttbili. (Cf. musirnu, kusi,
kaskasi.

)Malenga, n. a professional dane affairs, the concerns of men.

singer, employed to lead the (Cf. ulimwengu, mlimwengul)
singing in dances, concerts, &c.
Malindi, n. (i) plur. of lindi,
(Perhaps at first the name of a
deep places, channels; (2) a
well-known singer.)
district of Zanzibar city; (3) an
Maleuni, a. accursed. (Arab. ancient town on the coast north of
Cf. laana, -laanifu.')
Mombasa;
Malevi, n. plur. of ulevi,
drunkenness, i. e. drunken habits,
acts, &c., -ulevi, rather of the
quality or condition. (Cf. lewa, levy
a, and malafi.)
Malezi, n. plur. of ulezi,
rearing, bringing up, both of
nurture
generally,
and
of
education, training. Malezi mazuri,
good breeding, good education.
(Cf. lea, ulezi.)

(4) (Str.) the flap or small apron of

beads worn by a string round the
loins by native women on the
mainland (but ? in Z.).
Malipizi, n. plur. causing to
pay, retaliation, revenge, dunning
for debts, distraint, extortion.
Malip- izo (and -isho), what is
exacted,
extorted,
and
so
vengeance, fine, &c., but also as
malipizi. (Cf. lipa, and follg.,also
kisasi.)

Mali,
n.
(treated
indiscriminately as D 6 or D 5
Malipo, n. plur. payment,
(P)), property, goods, wealth, reward, atonement, vengeance
riches, possession. Thus mali yake suffered or inflicted. (Cf. lipa, and
nyingi, malt mengi, mali zake chache. prec.)
Ni mali ya, it is the property of.
Malisaa, n. shot, i. e. small
Mali ya watu (or ya mwenyewe), it is
some one elses property, it is not shot, for firearms, &c. (Cf. lisasi,
bullet,
and kiasi, cartridge.)
mine. There is a game called
maliya ndimu, guessing at an
Malisha, n. and Malisbo,
unseen striker. (Ar.)
pasturage,
grazing
ground,
Malidadi, n. one who makes a paddock, forage, food for cattle,
(Cf. la,
show, esp. of dress, a showily &c.
dressed person, fop, dandy,
coxcomb. (Cf. umalidadi, urembo, lisha, and machunga.)
mlimb- .wendel)
Maliza, v. (1) complete, finish
off, bring to end, conclude, wind
Maliki, v. make a beginning up;
of, set to work on, start a job, e. g.
of construction, cultivation, &c.
( 2 ) abolish, kill, destroy. M.
M. nyumba, begin to build a house.
kazi, finish a job. M. deni,
M. shamba, begin to clear, or hoe, a
pay off a debt. M. adui,
plantation. M. kuunda chombo,
annihilate an enemy. Ps.
begin to construct a ship. Ps. mamalizzva. Nt. ??ializika.
likiwa. Ap. malik-ia, -iwa. Cs. malikAp. maliz-ia, -iwa. Cs.
isha, -ishwa. (? Ar. Cf. miliki, and
maliz-isha, -ishwa. Rp.
syn. anza, shika.)
malizana.
(Ar.
Cf.
timiliza,
and
syn.
Maliki, n. See Malki.
kamilisha, iska.)
Malimwengu, n. i. e. mambo ya
ulimwengu, worldly matters, mun-

Malizano, n. plur. mourning of

many together, a general wailing. over) that thing. (Ar. Cf. malki,
(Cf. lia, and Cs. liza, lizana.)
miiiki,milki, and syn. enzi, amri,
hukumu, ngtivu, uwezo.)

Malizi, n. plur. things causing a

sound, things rustling, making a
Mamoja, a. form of -mo/a,
noise. E. g. nasikia malizi nyasini, I agreeing with D 5 (P), i.e. of one
hear things rustling in the rashes. kind, treated as one. Often used
(Cf. lia, and prec.)
independently, e. g. mamoja
kwangu, it is all one (all the same)
Malki, n. also Maliki, a king, to me, I do not care, I have no
ruler, sovereign. (Arab., not usual choice. Mamoja, as you like. (Cf.
in Z. Cf. follg. and miliki, also syn. -moja, and syn. hailhuru)
sultani, mfalme, jumbe.)
-mana, as a termination of
Malkia, n. \rna-), queen, female verbs is a combination of the
sovereign. (Cf. prec.)
Stativc and Reciprocal suffixes,
rna-na, e. g. fu- ngamana, shikamana,
Mama, n. mother, female ungamana. (Cf. ma-(e).)
ancestor or parent,of all kinds.
Mama wa kambo, step-mother.
Manane, n. only in the phrase
Mama mkub- wa (mdogo), mother's usiku wa manane, the dead of night,
elder (younger) sister. Mama wee, midnight. Usiku huu umekuwa wa
an Africans most natural cry in manane, it is midnight. (Cf. nano,
pain, sorrow, or surprise. Kr. eight,of which manane is perh. a
quotes Mama ni Mu- ungu wa pili, plural. Thus usiku wa manane
ones mother comes next to God. means * the night at about 2 a.m.
Mama is treated grammatically like Sec Saa, and syn. kali ya usiku,
Baba, which see.. Mwana is used usiku wa kaii.)
in polite reference or address to
ones own mother (cf. mwana,
Mandasi, n. plur. See Maanda- si, and
bibi).

Mamba, n. (i) a crocodile; (2) a

name of a very dangerous kind of
snake.
Mambo, n. plur. of Jambo,
which see. Used independently
mambo often means, affairs of importance, difficulties, problems,
hardships, e. g. ttlimwengu una
mambo, the world is full of
wonders (or, strange things,
mysteries, difficulties). Mambo
mcttgi, like visa vingi, complications, puzzles, perplexities.
So used as int., i.e. wonderful!
very awkward! a poser!
Mamlaka, n. (1) authority, dominion, rule, rights of ownership ;
(2)
property,
possession,
dominions. In the latter sense,
milki is more usual. Sina m. tta kitu
hicho, I have no right to (power

Andaa.

* Mane mane, n. myrrh.

Manena, n. groin, between
thigh and belly. (Cf. ktnena.)
Manga, n. a name of Arabia,
esp. the region of Muscat in the
Persian Gulf. It is used to describe
various objects connected with or
derived from Arabia, e. g. pilipili
manga, black pepper. Mkoma
manga, pomegranate tree. Njiwa
manga, a variety of pigeon. Jiwe la
manga, a kind of whetstone (but cf.
mango). (Cf. mwarabu, Arabttni.)
Mangi, Mangine, a. same as
Mengi, Mengine, many, more,
formed from -ngi, -ngint, instead of
-ingi, -ittgine,these latter being
rather more usual in Z. (Cf. /.)
Mangili, n. a kind of cat-head

or cross-piece, for securing a

cable, anchor, or rope at the bow
of a native vessel.
Mango, n. a hard, black,
rounded stone used for pounding,
smoothing, and polishing.
Mangwaji, n. plur. finery, foppery, showy dress or appearance,
foolish display. (Cf. syn. umalidadi, ulimbwende.)

Mani, n. semen. (Ar. syn. sha-

hawa.)

Manjano, n. turmeric,used as
a yellow colouring material for
ornament, and also in curry
powder,an
East
Indian
vegetable product. Ra- ngiya m.,
yellow colour.
Manowari, n. a man-of-war,
one of the earliest and most established adaptations of an English
word in Swahili. (Others are more
or less commonly known, c. g.
boi, kala, shati, koti, ftilana, sitoki,
kabati, bira, burashi, daktari, stima,
tneli, afsa, dazin, incite, spitali, posta,
a/tsi.)

*Mansuli, n. a kind of woollen

material, used for dress and as a
coverlet.
Manuka, n. plur. smell, scent

MANUKATO

208

MAPENDA

odour. (Cf. nuka, and follg., ondolea.)

also syn. harufu.)
Maongezi, n. plur. talk,
conversation, gossip, amusement,
Manukato, n. plur. sweet scent, pastime. Weka m., prepare for a
perfume,
sweet-smelling long chat. (Cf. ongea, and syn.
substance. (Many such are used in mazungumzo.)
Z., as liquids, in powders, for
fumigation, &c. E. g. marashi (a
Maongezo, n. plur. addition,
general term for liquid scents), increase, supplement. (Cf. ongeza

meski, hal waridi, sa- ndali, dasili,

undi, ubani, dalia, ma- guba, rihani, and nyongeza, and syn. mazidisho.)
garafuu,
garafuu
maiti,
n. plur. back (of men
uvumba,
//, buhuri, tibu, or Maongo,
animals), but in Z. usually
kivumbasi, afu, &c. Cf. nuka, and mgongo (which see).
-to, which is not common as a

suffix in Z. except in this word.)

Maongozi, n. plur. direction,

management,
Manuku, n. a copy, transcript, superintendence,
arrangements. M.
translation, imitation. (Ar. Cf. administration,
ya Muungu, Providence, divine disnakili.)
pensation. (Cf. ongoa, and syn.
Manyiga,n. a kind of hornet madaraka, matengeneo.')
(Str.).
Maonji, n. plur. tasting, testing,
experiment. Maonji ya mtaManyoya, n. plur. of unyoya trial,
mbo, testing a machine, to see if it
(which see).
works. (Cf. onja, and maombi from
Manyunyo, n. plur. showers, omba, and syn.jaribu.)
sprinkling, drizzle, light rain. (Cf.
Maozi, n. giving in marriage,
nyunyiza.)
arrangements for bringing about a
marriage.
(Cf. oa, oza, and maziMaokozi, n. plur. saving,
rescue, means of saving. (Cf. ski.)
okoa, tnw- okozi.)
Mapaji, n. present, gift. (Cf.
Maombi, n. plur. also Maomvi. pa, -paji, upaji, mpaji, and dist. paji
(cf. iba, mwivi), prayers, entreaties, la uso, forehead.)
requests, intercessions. (Cf. omba,
Mapakizi, n. (1) ' arrangements
and syn. haja, dua, sala.)
connected with shipping and
dispatch
of goods, conveyance on
Maombolezo, n. plur. loud
wailing, lamentations, mourning, board, payment of freightage, &c.
dirges. (Cf. omba, omboleza, tnalio.) Also (2) goods shipped, cargo,
freight. Similarly mapakio. (Cf.
Maondokeo, n. plur. (i) depar- pakia.)
ture, going away, taking leave; (2)
Mapalilio, n. plur. also
rising up, respectful salute. (Cf.
Mapalilo, Mapalio, time (place,
ondoka, ondokea.)
process, &c.) of hoeing, i.e. not
Maondoleo, n. plur. taking the first hoeing (.lima), but the
away, removal. M. ya thambi, cross-hoeing, cleaning the ground
remission (forgiveness) of sin. among trees or crops already
(Cf. ondoa, planted. (Cf. paa, palia, palilia.)

Mapambano, n. plur. contact,

Mapinduzi, n. plur. turning
comparisons, collisions. (Cf. pa- things upside down, revolution,
disorder. (Cf. pinda,pindua.')
mbana.)

Mapishi,
n.plur.
things
Mapana, n. plur. the wide or
broad part of a thing, flat side, (materials, utensils, See.) for
breadth, width, diameter. Meza hii cooking. (Cf. pika.)
ina mapana, this table is broad.
Mapiswa.
n.
unmeaning
Njia mapana thaifu, a road of insignificant width. (Cf. -pana, nonsense, drivel, silliness.
upana, and -nene, and for the form
Mapokeo, n. plur. things
makali.)
received, traditions. See Pokea.
Mapatano, n. plur. agreement,
Maponea, n* plur. means of
contract,
understanding,
conspiracy, alliance. (Cf. pata, subsistence, livelihood, food. (Cf.
pona
, and follg. Also syn. riziki,
patana, and syn.
maajikano,
mkataa.)

ttafuu, vifaa.)

Maponyea, n. plur. means of

Mapema, adv. in good time,
early, soon. Assubuhi na mapema, curing (rescuing, dec.). Matikiti tia
mcUattgo tidio maponyea ttjaa, water
early in the morning.
melons and cucumbers are what
Mapenda, n. plur. loving save from starvation, i.e. as the
(Cf.
another, love. Other norms of last resource in drought.
similar form from petida may be pona,
enumerated here, but most of
them will be found also under a ponya.)
Maponyo, n. plur. (i) healing
sing, form beginning with u or /, i.
e. as D 5 or D 6. See also Penda. things, drugs, medicines, means
Mapendano (sing, u-), mutual love. of saving, (*) Kitting well, a cure,
Mapendefu, love, from the side of rescue, preservation. {Cf. pona,
its object, i.e. being loved, love as
experienced.
Mapendelefu, mapdza.)
Mapooza, n. plur. and Mapoza,
mapendeleo, favour, bias, selfingratiation, from the side of things withered, undeveloped, not
matured,
useless, e.g. of fruit
recipient or giver. Mapettdezi,
things that please, engaging dropped in an unripe green stage.
manners,
amiability,
affec- (Cf pooza.)
tionateness. Mapendo, acts of love,
Maposo, n. plnr. proposals or
loving - kindness. Mapcnzi, love,
for
marrying,
liking, inclination, desire, will, arrangements
wish, purpose. E. g. afuata mapenzi wooing. (Cf. posa.)
ya moyo wako, he follows his own
Mapoza, n. plur. remedies,
caprices (whims, fancies, ideas,
&c.). Alapenzi hayana macho, love means or appliances for healing.
(Cf.
poa, pona, poza, and syn.
is blind.
dazva.)

Mapepeta,
n.
plur.
a
Mapwaji, n. plur. coast,
preparation of immature rice
(pepeta za mpunga). (Cf. pepeta.) * foreshore, part affected by tides.
In Z. usually pwatti. (Cf. pwa,

kipwa.)

MANUKATO

208

MAPENDA

departed, the defunct. (Ar. Cf.

rehema.)

Maradufu, a. double, extra

thick, of two thicknesses. (Ar.
Marejeo, n. See Maregeo, and
radaj\ or ? daaf)
Rejea. (Ar.)
*Marahaba, int. used as a
common rejoinder to the salute of
an inferior, or on receipt of a
present or favour, thank you,
very well. (Ar. it is welcome, I
am pleased.' Cf. ak- sante.)

Marembo, n. plur. ornaments,

personal, architectural, &c.
articles of finery, carved work,
bas-relief. (Cf. urembo, remba, and
syn. pambo, nakski, choro.)

Marhamu,
n.
ointment,
*Marakaraka, a. with patches, unguent,
plaster,scented,
stripes, spots,and so of colour, medicated, &c. (Ar. Cf. lehemn,
mottled, speckled, variegated, &c. lihamu, and syn. mafuta, bandiko.)
(Cf. raka, kiraka, and syn.
Marigeli, n. a large metal
madoadoa.)
caldron, chiefly for cooking
*Mara8harasha, n. sprinklings, rice in great quantities.
(Ar.
showers,
drizzle,of
rain, Cf. chomboy
sprinkled perfume, &c. (Ar. Cf.
chungu, sufuria, &c., for vessels of
tttrashi, mar as hi.)
different kinds.)
Marashi, n. scent, liquid
*Marijani, n. coral,but in Z.
perfume. Marashi mawaridiy rose
water. (Ar. Cf. prec. and tibuy not of the stone, or coral rock (cf.
tumbawi
), but of the red coral immatiukato.)
ported and used as ornament.
*Marathi, n. sickness, disease, Called also marijaniya fethaluka.
in general. (Ar. Cf. syn. uwele,
Marika, n. plur. of rika, conand It. ugonjwa. For particular diseases, cf. homa, mini, safura, temporaries, of same age, i. e.
shttruwa, titiwanga, ukoma, baridi umri sawa. (Cf. hirimu and rika.
There is a town called Mdrika, or
yabis, sekeneko, kisonono, See.)
Marka, on the Somali coast, north
*Marathi,n. also Murathi, of Z.)
Matarithi,
well-content,
Marikebu, n. ship. See Meriacquiescent, agreeable, willing.
kebu. (Ar. Cf. rekebu, and syn.
(Ar. Cf. ra- thi, rithika, ura/hi.)
jahazi, and B. chombo.)
*Mardudi, n. repudiation,
Marindi, n. See Malindi.
rejection. (Arab.)
*Marini,
a.
*Maregeo, n. and Marojeo,
bright,
coming back, return, and fig. pleasinginappearance,
smart,
blooming.
Vijana
marini,
reference, recurrence. (Ar. Cf.
fine young people. (Cf.
rejea.)
Marehemu, n. and a., one who syn. -zuri.)
has found mercy,used as a
*Marisaa, n. also Malisaa,
euphemistic term of reference to a
deceased nerson, the late, the shot, i.e. for firearms. (Cf.

risasi, kiasi.)

Masaa,
Masazo.

n.

See

Masalio,

*Marithawa, a. in abundance,
plenty, sufficient. ' (Ar. to ones
Masafi, n. purity, cleanness,
hearts content, as much as one correctness. (Ar. Cf. safiy usafi,
would wish. Cf. rithiy rat hi, and which is seldom used, utakatifu,
syn. ini, telei)
ufasahay tohara.)
*Marra, n. and adv. (i) a time,
a single time, a turn, an occasion,
an occurrence; (2) at once,
immediately. M. mojay (1) once,
(2) at once, immediately. M.mbiliy
twice. M.ya kwanza, the first time.
M. nyingi, often,repeatedly. Marra
kwa marra, time after time, often.
Marra marra, at intervals, at times,
occasionally.
M. hii, at once, on the spot. Marra
chakoymarra changu, now yours,

now mine,a riddle to which the

answer is maliy wealth. (Ar. Cf.
safari, zamuy which are sometimes
syn.)

Masahaba, n. plur. the special

friends and companions of Mahommed. (Ar. Cf. sahibu.)
Masaibu,
n.
accident,
calamity. (Ar. Cf. msiba, from
same root.)
Masalio, n. plur. also Masalia,
Masaa, remains, remnant, what is
left over. (Cf. salia, sazo, baki.)
*Masalkheri, the common
Arabic evening salutation, good
evening, as subulkheri for the
morning. (Ar. masaa, evening, and
heri.) ,

Masango, n. wire, esp. thick

brass
wire,one
of
the
( 1 ) a return, a recompense, commonest articles of exchange
a paying back;
(2) and barter in East Africa. Called
punishment, discipline, also sengenge, masoka, and a fine
kind udodi. Different kinds of
correction. (Ar. Cf. rejea, and material are distinguished as m. ya
Marudi, n. plur. also Marudio,

malipOy athabuy zuio.)

chnma, 'ya shaba nyeupe, ya shaba

nyekundu, ya fetha, i. e. iron, brass,

Marufaa, n. plur. part of a copper, silver wire.

native
loom,small
boards
between which the warp is *Masarifu, n. also Masurufu
stretched. See Kitanda cha mfumi.
*Marufuku, a. forbidden, prohibited. Piga m. (or rufaka), give
public notice of prohibition,
proclaim as forbidden, forbid
officially. (Ar. Cf. mfaka, and syn.
kataza.)

Marugurugu, n. and a., small

swellings, lumps, e.g. mtu
akijikuna, hufanya m. ya mwili, if a
man scratches himself (as when
stung), he raises swellings on his
body.

MASHAIBI

211

MAS OMB O

,Masruf,
supplies
for
an
Maahuzi, n. plur. breaking
expedition or journey, provisions, wind, without noise. (Cf. shu/a,
outfit, goods and money. (Ar. ushuzi, and jamba.)
expenses, outlay. Cf. sari/u,
*Maaia, n. walking, a walk,
gharama.)
gait. Enda masia, go out walking.
*Mashairi,n. plur. o ishairi, (Arab.,
for
usual
tembea,
verses, a poem, poetry. Tunga matembezi.)
mashairi, compose poetry. (Ar.)
Maaiflwa, n. plur. things
Mashaka, n. plur. of shaka, praised,
recommended,
doubts,
trouble,
difficulties, advertised. (Verb, noun passive
danger. (Ar.)
from sifu, cf. follg. and similar
noun ma/endwa, See.)
Maahapo, n. plur. dregs, lees,
sediment, e. g. of squeezed fruits,
Masifu, n. plur. praises, congrains, herbs, &c. (Str.). (Cf. gratulations. (For more usual si/a,
masira, masaiio.)
cf. si/u, v.)
*Mashariki, n. the East, -a ma-masihiya, a. Christian. (Cf.
sharikt, eastern, easterly, oriental. Ar. masiha, Christ, and masiya.)
(Ar. Cf. magaribi, and syn. matlai,
Maaika, n. the season of the
matokea (matho, maao) ya jua.)
greater rains (tnajira ya rnvua nyMashendea, n. plur. rice ingi) in Zanzibar, i.e. March, April,
cooked as a kind of pudding, used
for invalids, not dry like wali,
nor gruel like uji. Mashindea ya
mchcle, ricepudding. Also m.ya
mtama.

and May, when the hot north

monsoon gives way to the cooler
south. Corresponds to autumn in
northern latitudes. (For seasons
generally see Mwaka.)

Mashindano, n. plnr. contest,

*Maaikani, n. dwelling place,
race,
competition,
struggle, abode. (Ar, Cf. tnakani, and syn. B.
athletic sports. M. ya mbio, racing; kao.)
m. ya kuruka, jumping competition;
Masikim, n. (l) a poor man,
m. ya kushikana mbavu, wrestling.
beggar,used descriptively, and
(Cf. shinda, mshindani.)
also
Mashtaka, n. plur. (seldom in
( 2 ) in pity or contempt, a
sing, shtaka, cf. mshtaka), charges,
hapless,
luckless,
accusations, reproaches. See
miserable
individnal.
Shtaki.
(3) a freed slave, who
Maahua, n. boat, boats,built
has no protector, home
of boards, &c., not hollowed out
or belongings, i. e. m.
in native fashion. M. ya moshi, a
wa Muungu, one who
steam launch. (Cf. skua, and dau.)
picks up a living as he
can. (Ar. Cf. /ukara,
* Maahuuri a. famous,
mwombaji, mnyottge.)
renowned,
celebrated,
wellknown, notorious. (Ar. Cf. syn.
Masimango, n. plur. ill-natured
maantfu, -ettyi si/a, bayani.)
remarks,
reproaches,of
a
patronizing contemptuous kind.

(Cf. si- manga, and mashutumu,

masuto, mat us i.)

Masingizio, n. plur. (1) slander,

calumny,
false
insinuation,
misrepresentation. Hence (2)
pretence, disguise, make-believe,
belying facts. (Ci.singizia, nenca,
sengenya, amba.)

Maaiwa, n. large islands,

used to describe the Comoro, or
Seychelles islands. (Cf. kisiwa, usi-wa.)

'Moaiya, n. (ma-), the Anointed

One, Christ. (Ar. masiha.)
Moaizi, n. plur. soot, grime, i.e.

masizi ya mosni nutisi yaliyogandamia chuttgu, the black smoky grime

that forms on a cooking pot. (Dist.

rnisizi, rootlets, and masizi, cattlepens.)
Masoka, n. thick iron or brass
wire. (Cf. masango, and usoka.)
Maaombo,
n.
girdle,
consisting of a long piece of cloth
wound rouua

MASHAIBI

211

MAS OMB O

astonishment, wonder. (Ar. Cf.

the waist, like (Ar.) mahazamu.
aja- bu, staajabu, and syn. mwujiza,
(Cf. ukumbuu, which is shorter,
shani.)
and mshipi.)
Masongo, n. plur. plaits,e. g.
of hair, tresses, wreaths of
flowers, garlands. (Cf. msokoto,
and suka, songa.)
*Masri, n. and Misri, Egypt.
Masua, n. plur. and Mazua,
giddiness. (Cf. zulu, zulika, kizuli,
and syn. kizunguzungu.')
Masuguo, n. plur. rubbing,
something to mb with, a
whetstone,
knife-board.
(Cf.
sugua, noa, ki- noo.)
Masuko,
n.
plur.
.nd
commonly
Masukosuko,
(i)
shaking,
wagging,
tossing,moving to and fro quickly, and
so generally (2) agitation, disturbance, a restless state of affairs.
Used of the rolling or pitching of
a vessel at sea. (Cf. suka, and
mramma.)

*Masuluhu, n. reconciliation,
peace after quarrelling. (Ar. Cf.
suluhisha, selehisha.)
Masumbuo, n. plur. acts of
annoyance, annoying habits or
character. Kijana kidogo kina
masumbuo, a small child is a
nuisance. (Cf. sumbua, -sumbufu,
usumbuo.)

Masuto, n. plur. reproaches,

accusations, critical remarks,
fault-finding, sarcasms. (Cf. suta,
and syn. lau- mu, shutumu, shtaka.)
Mata, n. plur. of uta, native
shooting weapon, bow and
arrows. (Cf. upindi, ms hale.)
Mataajabu, n. plur. wonders,
marvels, surprises. Also of
wonder, as felt, e.g. ona m., feel

MASHAIBI

211

MAS OMB O

Matafuni, n. plur. chewings,

nib- blings, things chewed. (Cf.
ta- funa.)
Matabwatabwa, n. plur. rice
cooked with a great deal of water,
rice gruel, called matabwatabwa ya
wali, wall ulio mashendea membamba
sana, i.e. a thin porridge, uji mwepesi, uji wa majimaji, a very thin
watery gruel. (Cf. wali, utabwa,
uji.)

Matagataga, adv. enda m.,

walk with long striding steps,
straddle along. (Cf. taga or
iagaa.)

Mataka, n. plur. wantings,

desires, inclination. (Cf. taka, v.,
matakwa, and syn. haja, maelekeo.
Dist. mata- kataka.)
Matakata, n. plur. (1)
cleansings, sweepings, scrapings,
offscourings, and so (2) refuse,
rubbish. (Cf. takata, taka, and
follg.)
Matakataka, n. plur. dirt,
filth, refuse, rubbish. (Cf. taka,
n., kita- kataka, takata, kifusi.)
Matakatifu, n. plur. pure
living, holy life, holiness (i. e.
perb,
holiness
not
only
considered as an attribute
(utakatifu) but exemplified in
acts. See Ma-, 2 (d) (1).
(Cf.
-takata,
-takatifu, utakatifu.)

Matakwa, n. plur. (1) things

wanted, needs, desires, requests;
(2) being wanted, being in
request, e.g. matakwayangu kuwa
mtumishi killa mtu ayajna, every
one knows how I was wanted as
a servant, how my services were
in request.
Matana, n. used sometimes of
a . form of leprous disease. (Cf. balanga, ukoma.)
Matanga, n. plur. of tanga
(which see).
Matangamano, n. plur. a
mixed
crowd,
medley,
miscellaneous
assemblage,
promiscuous collection. (Cf.
tangamana, also syn. makutano,
jamii.)

Matata, n. plur. tangle,

complication, complex affair,
troubles, difficulties, &c. Tia m.,

MASHAIBI

211

MAS OMB O

Matiko, n. hardening or
tempering metal. Tia m., harden,
slave,nsed as sfng. and plur. temper. Fundi ametilia m. shoka
(Cf. langu, the smith has tempered my
axe. So tilika ( pa/a, ingia) matiko,
teka, v.)
of the metal. (? Cf. utiko.)
Matembezi, n. plnr. (i) a walk
Matilaba, n. desire, wish, purtaken for pleasure or business, a
ramble, a tour, a round; (2) also pose. Matilaba r!a mradi, desire
and
intention. (Arab., not often in
idle strolling, street walking. Nalikwenda kule matembezi, I went there Z. Cf. tamaa, matamani, mat a- ktva,
shauriy shauko.)
for a walk. (Cf. tembeat rnasia.)
Matilo, n. and Mautilo, a rope
Mathabahu, n. and Mathbahu,
place of sacrifice, altar. (Ar. Cf. from the after-part of the yard to
the masthead, to give greater
mathabuha, thabihu.)
security in a high wind.
*Mathabuha, n. and Mathbuha,
Matimutimu, n. ttyele za ///., disthing sacrificed, * victim,
hevelled, disordered hair.
offering. (Cf. prec.)
and

Matindi, n. half-grown Indian

corn (imuhindi.).

( 1 ) customs, ideas, tenets,

usages;
(2)
sect,
denomination,
party,
persuasion.
M.
ya
manen0, uses of words,
formularies, idioms. M.
ya
marnbo,
usages,
ceremonies, rites. (Ar.
Cf. desturi, kawaida,
kantini. Dist. thahabu.)

Matiti, n. enda m., trot, go at a

trot,of an animal. (Cf. telki,
mbio, and dist. titi, kititi.),

*Mathahabu,
Mathehebu,

n.

Matlaa, n. and Matlai, sunrise,

the east, east wind, morning wind.
(Ar. Cf. mashariki.)

Matongo, n. discharge from the

eyes. Mwenyi m. ya machoy a person whose eyes run from
Mathali, conj. also M&thal, weakness or disease. (Cf. utongo,
Methali, Mithili, Mizli, as, like. tongo, and perh. chon go.)
(Ar. See Methali, and cf. kama.)
Matukano, n. plur. insulting
Mathubuti, n. and a.,, also words, abuse, bad language,
Mathubutu, (1) evidence, proof, insults. (Cf. tukanay and syn.
confirmation,
support
(cf. ma/usi, masuto.)
ushahidi) \
Matumbawe, n. plur. coral
( 2 ) trustworthy,
honest, stone in the intermediate stage,
reliable,
effective, between actual formation and
decisive. E. g. makarani complete fos- silization,a white,
si m.y the clerks are not light, compact stone, used esp. on
to be trusted. Iloja m., a account of its lightness in
strong,
conclusive concrete roofs; and, being
argument. (Ar. Cf. thu- comparatively soft, it is also cut to
butn, thabiti, and syn. form a projecting support for
plaster string-courses.
imara.)

Matumishi, n. plur. service, a

Maungo, n. plur. of ungo
servants work. (Cf. follg. and (which sec).
mttern is hi.)

Matumizi, n. plur. (1) acts of

using, use, using, employment;
(2) things used, requisites,
conveniences, e. g. food, clothes,
firing, &c. E. g. hatta m. nayo, he
has no use for them. Sina m. leot I
am quite destitute at present. (Cf.
tumia,and syn. riziki, vifaa.)

Maunzi, n. plur. a structure,

frame, framework, esp. one of
wood and of shipbuilding, i. c. the
hull or framing of a vessel. (Cf.
unda, mtvunzi.)

Mauthiko, n. plur. annoyances,

(feeling of) annoyance. Kzva
uchu> ngu na m., from resentment
Maumbile, n. plur. created and irritation. (Cf. uthi, uthia. and
state, original condition, natural
constitution (Kr.),but umbo is syn. masumbuo.) *
usual in Z. (Cf. umba, kiurnbe.)

MAUTI

214

MB-

*Mauti, n. death. Patiwa na

*Mayiti, n. See Maiti.
(kutiwa na, patikana na) mauti, die.
Mayugwa, n. plur. leaves of the
(Ar. Cf. maiti, and. syn. B. ufn,
plant jimbi, a green vegetable like
kifo.)
_

spinach when cooked.

Mavi, n. plur. (no sing.), (i)
Mazao, n. plur. natural
dung, excrement; (2) dross (of
metal), scoria, e. g. m. ya chuma> produce, products, offspring, fruit.
iron-workers refuse ; m. ya nyota, (Cf. zaa, zao.)
star droppings,used of bright,
*Maziada, Mazidi, Mazidio,
metallic, sparkling stone, mica,
Mazidisho. See Ziada, Sec. (Ar.
&c.
Cf. zidi.)
( 3 ) a coarse term of abuse
Maziko, n. plur. process (time,
and contempt, like
mawe, rot, humbug, non- place, &c.) of burial, funeral,
interment.
(Cf. zika, 'mzishi,
sense, trash.
mazishi, kaburi.)

Mavunde, n. plur., and

Mazinga-ombwe, n. juggling
Mavundevunde,
broken,
scattered, ragged clouds, a cloudy tricks, conjuring, puzzles. (Cfi
overcast sky. (Cf. vunja, and pass, kiini-macho, mizungu, and follg.)
termin. -e.)
Mazingazinga, n. plur. going
Mavune, n. plur. that which is round, revolutions, rounds, e. g.
harvested or reaped. Sometimes of a patrol, police, &c. (Cf. zinga,
used fig. of outcome, result, zunguka, mzinga.)
consequences, effect. (Cf. vuna,
Mazishi, n. plur. preparations
and pass, termin. -e, also follg.)
for burying, attendance at a
Mavuno, n. plur. (1) time funeral, things used at a burial (e.
(place, process, results, &c.) of g. sanda, kiunza, pamba, ubani,
harvesting, reaping crops*; (2) See.). (Cf. zika, maziko, mzishi.)
fig. generally profit, gain,
Maziwa, n. (1) as a collective
exploitation. M. ya nyuki, bee
harvest, i.e. honey. (Cf. vuna, and noun, milk of man or animal; (2)
plur.
of ziwa, i. e. (a) breasts, suckprec., and for profit, faida,
ling organs; (b) pools, lakes. M.
uchuini.)
mabivu, curdled milk. (Cf. w- tindi,
Mavusho, n. plur. (like butter-milk.) M. ya watu wawili,
mavukizo), fumes, exhalations, dragons blood (sap of a tree).
fumigation, &c. (Cf. vukizo,
Mazoea, n. plur. habituation,
vukiza.)
practice, familiarity, use, habit,
Mawe, n. plur.. of jiwe (which custom. Sina m. ya kusema naye , I
see). Often used contemptuously am not used to talking with him.
of things common or worthless, Fanya m., settle down, become
sociable, get contented. (Cf.
rubbish, nonsense, trash.
follg.)
Mawele, n. plur. a very small
species of grain, a kind of millet (
Penicillaria spicata, Sac.).

Mazoezo, n. plur. and Mazoezi,

Mbalamwezi, n. also Mbaahabits, customs, usages, practice, mwezi, Balamwezi, moonshine,
wont. (Cf. zoea, -zoefu, and syn. bright moonlight. (Mbala- is perh.
desturi.)
a plur. form connected with waa,
v., shine, i.e. u(w)a(l)a, ua(l)a-,
Mazu, n. local name for a kind mba{l)a-, combined with mwezi,
of banana, not in Z. (Cf. ndizi, moon.)
mgomba.)

Mbalanga, n. also Balanga, a

Mazua, n. plur. and Masua, form of leprosy. (Cf. ukoma, bagiddiness, confusion. (Cf. zulu} zu- lasi.)
lika.)

'Mbaloho, n. (wa-) and a., boy

Mazuka, n. plur. apparitions, or girl growing up, developed,
ghosts, spirits. (Cf. zuka, kizuka, marriageable. (Ar. Cf. balehe, and
and syn. kivuli, pepo.)
syn. mzima, rnpevu.)
Mazungumzo, n. plur. social
Mbali, adv. (1) far, far off, disintercourse,
conversation, tant (in place or time), long ago,
amusement. (Cf. zungumza, and long after; (2) distinct, separate,
syn. maongezi, mchezo.)
different, contrary, opposite; (3)
Mb-, a common plural prefix
of nouns beginning with u, w, uw,
ub
in
Singular,
usually
representing a euphonic change
from original n sound. Words not
found under Mb may therefore be
looked for under U, Uw, IV, Ub.

with the Ap. form of verb, altogether, completely, ^uite.* E.g.

walio mbali kwa mbali huonana kwa
nyaraka, people who arc far apart
meet by means of letters.' IVeka m.,
put aside (apart). Safari ya mbali, a
long journey. Hakttja m. sana, it is

not very long since he came.

Mba. n. a kind of skin disease, Sometimes Rd. rangi mbali mbali,
causing
irritation
and (of) different colours, manysubsequently scaling. (Cf. choa, coloured, variegated. Mambo hay a
dasi, rupia, uwati.)
mbali mbali kabisa, these things arc
diametrically opposed.
Mbaamwezi, n. See Mbalamwezi.
With verbs, //<2 mbali, kill
outright. PoUtea mbali, perish
Mbaazi, n. (mi-), (i) a shrub utterly, a common imprecation,
bearing a yellow laburnum-like go andbehanged. Tupia mbali,
blossom, and pods containing an throw quite away. With ya or na,
edible pea or bean; (2) the beans mbali is used as a prep., far from,
of this shrub,? Angola pea distant from,in time, space, or
(Cajanus In- dicus, Sac.). Tuttdu la quality. (Cf. ubali, of which mbali
mibaazi, a cage made of twigs of is a plur. form, as mbelc of ubele.
the mbaazi.
Opp. karibu, kart do.)
Mbaharia, n. (wa-), commonly.
Mbalungi, n. (mi-), a citron
Baharia (ma-), a sailor. (C bahari, tree, its fruit being balungi. (For
and syn. mwana maji.)
other varieties of orange see
Mchungwa.)
Mbahili, n. (wa-), a miser.
(Ar. Cf. bahili, ubahili, mkabithi.)
Mbamba, n. {mi-), (1) thin, flat

MAUTI

214

MB-

piece (of stone, metal, or other

Mbasua, n. or Mbazua,
material), plate, layer, sheet, strip, giddiness', craziness. (Cf. mazua,
chip, &c. Mbamba wa jiwe, jiwe la kizua, zulika.)
mbamba, a flat stone. Also (2) a
Mbata, n. a cocoanut in the
plant, a kind of Euphorbia. (Cf.
final state of ripeness and dryness,
bamba, bambo, -embamba.)
when the nutty part inside gets
Mbandiko, n. (mi-), a sticking loose from the shell. Commonly
on, application (e. g. of a plaster, used for copra. (Cf. nazi, mnazi.)
&c.) (Cf. bandika.)
Mbati, n. (perh. plur. from a
Mbanduko, n. (mi-), a taking sing. uwati), the poles laid along
off, removing (e. g. of a plaster, the top of a wall, or of side posts,
covering,
clothes), a stripping off. supporting the rafters on which
1
(Cf. bandua.)
the roof rests.
Mbangi, n. (mi-), the Indian
Mbatili, n. (wa-), prodigal,
hemp plant, from which the spendthrift, gambler. (Cf. batili,
intoxicant oangi is made. (Cf. and batkiri, and syn. mharibifu, or
afiutti, ma- juni, bangs.)

mpo- tevu, wa mali.)

Mbango, n. a kind of wild pig

Mbau, n. (mi-), (i) a plank, a
with projecting, tusks. Hence of a board.
Also
person with projecting teeth. (Sel- (2)plur.of<fa,aplank,
i.
e.
dom in Z. Cf. ngiri, nguruwe.)
timber generally, sawn wood.
Mbano, n. an instrument for
Mbavuni, adv. by the side (of),
grasping and holding, forceps, alongside, on the sides (skirts,
pincers, a hand-vice, stick partly flanks). Mbavuni mwa mlima, on the
split (Cf. batto, bana, banzi, kibano.) flanks
of
the
mountains.
Alimganda mba- vuni, he stuck to
Mbaraka, n. (mi-), also his side,kept close to him.
Baraka, a blessing,in Z. more (Plur. of ubavu, with locative
usual form than baraka. Shaut i tti suffix -ni. Cf. kando, upande'.)
m., taking counsel brings a
blessing. (Ar. Cf. bariki.)
Mbawa, n. plur. of ubawa
(which see).
Mbarango, n. (mi-), also Barango, stout club, cudgel. Dim.
Mbayani, n. (wa-), a wellkibarango. (Cf. bakora,/imbo.)
known, notorious person. (Ar.
Also baini, which see.)
Mbanka, n. (mi-), the castor-oil
plant,elsewhere on the coast
Mbazazi, n. (wa-), trader,
called mbono. Ma/uta ya mbdrika, dealer, pedlar. (Ar. trader in
castor- oil.
calico, draper. Cf. ubazazi, and
syn. tajiri, mchuruzi.)
Mbaruti, n. (mi-), a thistle-like
weed.
Mbega, n. a monkey with long
black silky hair, white on the
*Mbashiri, n. (M-), one who shoulders. (Cf. kima.)
brings news, one who foretells, a
prophet. (Ar. Cf. bashiri.)
Mbegu, n. (i) seed, germ, that
from which a plant grows; (2)

breed, race, stock. A wider term

than chembe,punjc (a single grain, a
separate small thing), and
including what is planted and set
to grow, i. e*. bulbs, roots,
seedlings, cuttings, &c. Fig. of the
germ of a disease.
*Mbeja, n. (wa-), a person who is
neat, smart, well dressed, careful
of personal appearance. Mbeja wa
kano, a fine muscular man, athlete.
(? kxlbahaj. Cf. umbuji.)

Mbeko, n. perh. the same as

mbeleko (which see).
Mbele, adv. and n. (1) of place,
before, in front, on the near side,
on the far side, forward, beyond;
(2) of time,long ago,
previously, in the past, in the
future, hereafter; (3) fig. in the
front, in a prominent place (as to
rank, quality, value, &c.). Mbele is
often used with ya or za (never na)
in the above senses, and also (4)
in the presence (of), in view of,
and so, as* compared with. E. g.
as a noun, something before,
huna mbele huna nyuma, you have
nothing before or behind you, noprospects or resources, you are
utterly destitute. Neno hili
nlakuelezea mbele, I will explain

this matter to you presently.

Tuendelee mbele, let us go forward.
Alikuja mbele, he arrived
previously. Hawi mumewe mbele ya
sheria, he is not her husband in the
eye of the law. Dnnia si kitu
mbeleya jua, the world (earth) is
nothing compared with the sun.
Akiba ya mbeleni, a provision for
the future. (Mbele is a plur. form
from ubele, orwele. Henceits
prepositional use with za, as well
as^a. The seeming vagueness of
mbele, as meaning on the near
side and * on the further side,
and also- before andafter* in
time, is generally removed by the
context suggesting the point of
view. If the idea of movement on
ward, progression, is suggested by
the circumstances or only present
in the mind, then mbele is usually
on the further side, further on,
after, e.g. mbeleya mlima, beyond
the mountain, mbele ya siku kuu,
after the festival. Otherwise mbele
may equally well mean in front
of, before.' Alisi- mama mbele ya
mlima, he stopped on this side of
the mountain, in front

MBELEKO

217

MBOG-A

of it. Hufunga mbete y a siku kuu, and ? wind a, i.e. of hunting-calls,

there is a general fast before the imitation of birds, &c. Also miunzi,
feast. Cf. kabla, nyuma, baada.')
rnsonyo.)
Mbmu, n. (), roundness,
Mbeleko, n. also Mbeko and
TJbeleko, a piece of calico used plumpness, protuberance, a curve.
by women for carrying a child on M. ya mkotto, a plump, well-shaped
the back while at work or arm. (Cf. benuka.)
walking. Such a cloth is a usual
Mbio, n. and adv., act of
wedding present, made to the running,
with speed, fast.
brides mother. Ondoa (vunjd) Pig<* m.,running,
run,like kimbia. Ertda
mbeko, put to shame.
(Cf. m., go
eleka.)

quickly. Rd. mbio-mbio, at full

Mbembe, n. (wa-), a coaxing, speed. (Cf. kimbia, and syn.
insinuating, flattering person,a u/esi,
coquette, a flirt. Also, a procurer.
(Cf. bembeleza, ubembe, bembe, and hinia.)
follg.)
Mbirambi, used only in the
Arab. expression of
Mbembe zi, n. (wa-), similar to semicondolence to a mourner, or
Mbembe. (Cf. ubembezi.)
bereaved person, or after any
Mbibo, n. (mi-), the cashew-nut great personal loss, viz. mbirambi
tree (also known as mkattju), zako. Also in the form bi rabbi zako,
bearing the cashew apple (bibo) e.g. hunena bi rabbi zako. Hujibu,
with the attached nut (korosho). zimepita, the usual words are thy
(sorrows) be with the Lord, and
(Cf. duttge, kanju.)
the usual reply,they are over.
Mbigili, n. (mi-), a thomy brier- (For rambi and rabbi cf. btntdi and
buddi.)
like shrub.
Mbisho, n. (mi-), (1) act of
Mbili, a. two, the form of -will
agreeing with D 4 (I*), D 6 (P). striking, knocking against; (2)
opposition, contradiction ; (3) in
(Cf. pili, -wili.)
navigation,beating
to
Mbilikimo, n. (wa-), a name by windward, tacking. Mbisho wa pepo,
which the pigmy races of the the winds being contrary. (Cf. bis
central African forest region are ha, bis ho, ubishi.) .
known on the coast, a dwarf.
Mbisi, n. also bisi (which see),
Mbilingani,
n.
and parched Indian com. (Dist. mbizi,
.
Mbilinganya, a plant producing diving.)
the edible vegetable bilingani (of
the tomato class), sometimes
called the mad-applc or egg-plant.
Mbingu, n. plur. of uwingu, the
skies, the heavens, heaven.
Mbinja, n. plur. of uwinja, whistling.
Jigam., give a whistle. Iind- eleza m.,
make a long whistle. (Cf. ubittja, ubinda,

Mbiu, n. (1) a buffalos horn,

sometimes beaten as a musical
instrument ; (2) also blown to call
public attention, and so meaning a
proclamation. Piga m., give public
notice, announce. llipokzuisha m.,
when the proclamation had been
made. (For horn cf. pembe,
for*proclamation hubiri, tangaza
habari.)

apple or pupil of the eye, also

described as tnwana wa mboni. (Cf.
ona.)

Mbono, n. (mi-), (i) the castoroil plant,known usually in Z. as

mbd- rika, also (2) plur. of ubono, the
seed of this plant.
Mboo, n. (mi-), penis. (Syn.
Arab .Jiraka.)

Mbizi, n. a dive, diving. Piga

Mbu, n. also imbu in Z. (rather
(enda) m., dive. Hodari Sana bive- nda m., a
first-rate diver. (Mbizi is used than U7nbu), mosquito.

mainlv of the plunge itself.

Mbuai, a. invar, ravage, wild,
Professional diving is described
rapacious. Nyama mbuai, beasts of
by zama, which see.)
prey. (Cf. ua, mwuaji. Peril, for
Mboga, n. (1) (////-), the plant mbuaji. Cf. syn. -kali, -a mwitu.)
which
produces
the
boga,
Mbugu, n. (mi-), a creeper,
pumpkin. E.g. ukacta tnboga,
ukazaa maboga tnengi, and the plant creeping plant. (Cf. ubugu, bugu,
grew and produced a number of and mbungo.) .
pumpkins. (2) when treated ns I.)
Mbukulia, n. (wa-), one who
6, is a general term for garden
produce, edible veg*e- tablcs of gets hold of and tells secrets, a
gossip,
scandal-monger, tell-tale.
all kinds,including the above.
(Cf. buMbogn ya pnvani, an edible plant
growing like a weed in creeks
near Z. city,Sesttvium port nine a- kua, and syn. mdaku, mdakizi.)
Mbungo, n. (mi-), a creeping
strum (Sac.), purslane. (Various
other vegetables arc dodoki, plant, bearing an edible fruit
ttyanya, mumunye, fgili, bilinganya, resembling a medlar (bungo), and
jimbi, kiazi, tango, uwatu, mchicha, producing india- rubber,a kind
yugwa, and several described as of Landolphia. (Cf. mtoria, and
majani.)

mbugu.)

Mbuni, n. (1) (wa-), an ostrich;

Mboleo, n. manure, dung. (Cf.
(2) (wa-), verbal noun of bunt, i. e.
syn. samadi.)
an inventor, author, originator,
Mbomoshi, n. (wa-), one who deviser, e.g. mbuni kitabu (or, wa
throws
down
(demolishes, kitabu), the author of a book; (3)
destroys, ruins, &c.), a destroyer, (mi-), a coffee plant, the berries
a revolutionist. (Cf. bomoa, being buni, or buni za kahawa,
whence the beverage coffee
bomosha.)
(kahawa).

Mbona, adv. interrog., why ?

Mburugo,
n.
(mi-),
and
what for? for what reason? (Cf.
Mvurugo, a stirring up, a mixing,
syn. kwa nini, kwa sababu gani.)
a muddling, disorder, mess. (Cf.
Mboni, n. mboni ya jicho, the buruga.)
seeing part of the eye, i.e. the
Mbururo, n. (mi-), (1) a pulling,

MBELEKO

217

MBOG-A

hauling, dragging; (2) track or riyahi.)

marks made by pulling something
Mchafuko, n. (mi-), disorder,
along. (Cf. burura, and mkokoto.)
disturbance, chaos, confusion,
mess. M. wa watu, riot, tumult. (Cf.
Mbuyu, n. (mi-), the baobab or chafua, and syn. ghasia.)
calabash tree,often of enormous
girth in proportion to the height,
Mchago, n. (mi-), the end of a
producing a large nut (buyu), the bedstead, where the head rests.
hard shell of which is used for (Cf. kitanda.)
drawing water, and the kernel
(ubuyu,
a
dry
biscuit-like
Mchakacho, n. (1) a crushing, a
substance with an acid taste) for pounding, and so (2) a crackling,
flavouring food. Siogopi unene wa
mbuyu, I am not afraid of a rustling sound, e.g. of feet on dry
baobabs size, i.e. appearance of grass and leaves. (Cf. chakacha,
strength without reality, the wood and perh. mtakaso.)
*
being soft and unworkable. '
Mchakuro, n. (i) a scratching;
Mbuzi, n. (), and Mabuzi, of (a) the sound of scratching. (Cf.
size, (1) a goat; (2) an instrument
for grating cocoanut, i.e. mbuzi ya chakura.)
kukudia nazi,a piece of iron with
Mchana, n. (no plur.), day as
serrated edge fixed in a board. opposed to night (ust'ku), daytime,
(Cf. kibuzi. Next to fowls, goats daylight. Mchana and ust'ku
are the usual and often the only together make one day, or period
feasible investment for a native. of twenty- four hours. The mchana
The next is a cow, or slave.)
or period of daylight at Zanzibar
varies little more than an hour in
Mbwa, n. (), a dog,an un- the course of the year,so little
clean animal to Mahommedans. that sunset, whenever it occurs, is
M. wa mwitu, a jackal, or wild dog. taken as 6 p.m., the point from
M. koko, a bush-dog, the common which the next twenty- four hours
pariah or half-wild dog of are to be reckoned. An evening
Zanzibar, of a reddish fox-like salutation is Za mchana ? i. e.
kind, living in the plantations near l/abari za mchana ? How have you
the town in a semi-domesticated been to-day?with the invariable
state and invading it in troops at response, njcma, quite well. Also
night. (Cf. jibwal)
used in Z. as a kind of challenge
word, e. g. Mchana usiktt ? Are you
Mbwai. See Mbuai.
friend or foe? (lit. day or night).
Mchana kuchwa, the whole day
Mbwe,n. (), small stone, long, like usiku kucha, the whole
pebble, shingle,larger than night long. Mchana is also used in
changarawc. (Cf. jiwe, kijiwe, a more limited sense, midday,
kibwe.)
noon, also mchana mkuu, i. e. the
of day (and commonly
Mbweha, n. (), a fox, jackal. height
athuuri, and jua kichwani). Mchana
, the period before and after
Mbweu, n. (), also Mbweo, rndogo
midday hours. Chakula cha
belching, eructation. Piga (enda) the
, the midday meal, lunch,
mbweu, belch.
(Cf. syn. Ar. mchana
tiffin. The commonest divisions of
daytime are al- fajiri, when the

first signs of it appear ; kucha,

dawn ; assubuhi, forenoon
(including mafungulia njornbe,
between 8 a.m. and 9 a.m.) ;
athuuri, noon \alasiri, afternoon,
about 3 p.m.; jioni, evening, till
dark. (Perhaps conn, with cha, v.
and kucha, kuchwa. Cf. saa, siku,
usiku.)

and boiled with fish. (Cf. chanyata.)

Mchawi, n. (wa-), a wizard, a

witch, one of either sex who
practises the black arts, a sorcerer,
a magician. Contr. mganga, whose
art is in the main under the control
of, and allowed by, the
community. E.g. huyu ni mganga,

Mchanga, n. (no plur.), sand. his ha ni mchawi, wala hawczckani,

hes a medicine-man, and whats
more, a wizard, and we cannot put
up with him. (Perh. conn with cha,
v., fear, as a passive form, a
dreaded one. For syn. cf. mwanga,
e. in a small undeveloped stage, mwangaji, mlozi, i. c. mlogaji.)
or follg.)
Mohe, n. (mi-), seedling, slip,
Mchangonyikq, Mchanganyo, shoot, cutting, youn^ plant. E. g.
n. (mi-), mixture, promiscuous Mche huu ni mtigani ? What tree is
mingling, adulteration. (The two this a cutting of? (Dist. rnchi,
forms only differ in voice, Act. mchtt.)
and Nt. a mixing, a being mixed,
Mchokoshaji, n. (wa-), an
both being covered by mixture.
amusing droll person, a wag, a
Cf. chattg- anya.)
clown, a merry smiling person.
Mchango,
n.
(mi-),
(1) (Cf. cheka, and follg.)
collecting,
getting
together,
Mchokeahi, n. (wa-), and
joining in an undertaking,
contribution, e.g. m. wa asikari, Mohe- shl, like mchckcshaji.
mustering soldiers; in. wa mali,
Mcheko,
n.
(wi-),act
raising funds from different
of
sources. (2) Intestinal worms, (manner,circumstances)
m.wa tumbo. (Cf. changa, chango, u- laughing, &c. (Cf. chcka, and
prcc.)
chango.)
M. tnncnc, coarse sand. M.
mwernba- mba, fine sand. M. mtifu,
loose, dry, dust-like sand. Chcmbc
ya mchanga, a grain of sand, and
perh. uchanga. (?Cf. -changa, a., i.

Mchanjo, n. (mi-), a cutting, a Mchelo, n. (mi-), rice,colleclopping, &c. (Cf. chanja, chanjo.) tively, the grain as gathered
Mchanyato, n. a native dish, andcleaned of the husk. Plural
bananas, cassava, &c., sliced up seldom heard, c. g

MCHENGO

.wakala mickele pia, they ate up

all the rice. Mchele has also'a
wider sense, i. e. cleaned grain
in general, hence mchele wa
mtama, millet grain, and mchele
wa mptinga defining it as ricegrain.* Different sorts of rice
are known as sena, bungala, shi-

ndano, garafuu, kapivai, kifungo,

madevu,
mwanga, sifara,
uchukwi. (Dist. mpunga, the rice-

plant, growing rice, and the

various kinds of cooked rice,
wall, uji, ubwabwa.)

Mchengo, n. (mi-), a cutting,

esp. of-wood, trees, bushes,
stalks, &c. (Cf. chenga, chanja,
and kata.)

220

MCHTJ

oil

tree, bearing the fruit

chikichi. (For other palms see
mnazi.)
Mchinjaji, n. (wa-), a butcher,
a slaughterer. (Cf. chinja, and
follg.)
Mchinjo, n. (mi-), act (place,
manner, &c.) of slaying,
slaughter, butdiery, massacre.
(Cf. chinja.)
Mchirizi, n. (mi-), anything
for collecting or draining away
water, a gutter, a channel, a
stick or leaflet or blade of grass
for leading rainwater from the
trunk of a tree to a

Mchenza, n. (mi-), a tree pail. Also, the eaves of a house,

bearing a large mandarin orange from which rain drips or trickles.
(chenza). (For other kinds cf. (Cf. churuzika.)
mchungwa.)
Mchiro, n. (wa-), but better
Mcheshi, n. (wa-), a merry, ng'chiro, a mungoos.
laughing,
genial,
amusing
Mchocheo, Mchocho, n. (mi-), a
person. (Cf. cheka, mchekeshi.)
poking up, a rousing, stimulation,
Mchezi n. (wa-), one who from chocha (which see).
plays, a gay sportive person, a
Mchochoro, n. (mi-), a narrow
player, an actor. (Cf. cheza, and
alley, or passage between houses.
follg.)
(Cf. kichochoro.)
Mchezo, n. (mi-), game,
'Mchokichoki, n. (mi-), and
pastime, amusement, sport. (Cf. Mchokochoko, a tree bearing thefruit
ckokichoki (which see)
cheza, and prec., and syn.
(Nephe- lium Litschi, Sac.).
maongezi, ma- zungumzo. For
Mchomo, n. act or process of
games cf. tinge, bao, sataranji,
burning, &c. See Choma, Chomo.
karata, tiabu, dama, ki- shada.)
Mchi, n. (mi-), a pestle, a pole Also irritation, smart, pricking,
of hard wood used for pounding stabbing, &c.,and of cooking.
(Cf.
grain &c. in a wooden mortar
(kinu). .
mkaango, mtokoso, mwoko, &c.)
Mchicha, n. (mi-), a common
Mchonge, a. mchonge wa jicho, a
plant with edible leaves, used as one-eyed person, i. e. mwenyi
a vegetable, like spinach. (Dist. chongo. (Cf. follg.)
chicha.)

Mchongo, n. (mi-), a cutting,

Mchikichi, n. (mi-), the palm- act of cutting, making a cut,

with axe, knife, &c. Mchongo wa m. wa gari, coachman, driver. (Cf.

kalamu, cutting a pen. (Cf. chonga, chunga, lisha.)
_
chonge, chongo.)

Mchongoma, n. (mi-), a thorny

shrub, with white flowers, and a
small black edible fruit (Str.).
Used for fences. Also ? a kind of
Euphorbia.

Mchungaji, n. same as
Mchunga (which see),the ji
suffix denoting a professional or
habitual occupation, shepherd,
&c.

Mchungwa, n. (mi-), an orange

Mchoro, n. (mi-), carving, en- tree, bearing a sweet orange
graving, making a scratch or (chungwd) of the common kind,
scrawl. (Cf. chora, and follg.)
plentiful during nine months of
the year in Z. (Cf. ehuttgwa, and
Mchorochoro, n. (wa-), a for other varieties mchenza,
scrawler, scribbler, bad writer. mlimau, mbalungi, tnndi- mtt,
(Cf. chora, and prec.)
mkangaja, tndanzi, mfurungu.)
Mchoroko, n. (mi-), the plant
Mchuruzi, n. (wa-), small
which produces the edible bean trader, shopman, retail-dealer,
choroko (which see).
>
pedlar, stall- keeper. (Cf. churuza,
and syn. mbazazi, inf any i biashara,
Mchoto, n. (mi-), a small bit, a mwettyi duka.)
scrap, a sample, a taste, e. g. of a
delicacy or sweetmeat, sent as a
Mchuzi, n. (mi-), any kind of
present. (Cf. chota, choto.)
gravy, soup, sauce, broth,esp.
as used to flavour a dish of rice or
Mchovyo, n. (mi-), a dipping, other cooked grain. Prov. mchuzi
plunging in a liquid,and so used tii rnaji, gravy means water,of
of tempering metals, process of something indispensable. (Cf.
plating or coating with a chuza, and kitvwco, kiungo.)
substance or colour. (Cf. chovya.) .
Mchwa, n. (), white ants,
Mchu, n. (mi-), a kind of man- of a small but destructive kind in
Z. (For other varieties cf. chungu,
grove, with tough whitish wood. siafu, majiya rnolo, sisimisi, kumbi.)
(Dist. niche, nuhi.) '
Mda, n. (mi-), also Muda
Mchukuzi, n. (wa-), a bearer, twhich sec), a space of time,
carrier, porter. (Cf. chukua, and period.
mpagazi, hamali.)

Mdaa. n. (mi-), a plant used for

Mchumba, n. (aa-), one who producing a black dye.
seeks
oris
sought
in
marriage,suitor, lover, sweetheart,
MdadLisi, n. (wa-), one who
fiancee. (Cf. chumba, kinyttmba.)
questions, an inquisitive, curious,
prying person. (Ar. Cf. dadisi.)
Mchtmga, n. (wa-), one who
has the care of animals, shepherd,
Mdago, n. (mi-), a kind of
herdsman, groom, &c.,with or weed.
without a preposition. M. (wa)
ng'ombc, a cowherd. Albuzi wasio
m., goats without a goatherd. Also

MCHENGO

220

MCHTJ

Mdai, n. (wa-), a claimant, vegetable dodoki, a kind of lufah.

plaintiff, prosecutor, creditor. (Ar.
Mdomo, n. (mi-), with variants
Cf. dai, dawa, mdawa, and mwii.)
miomo, muomo, mwomo, (\) a lip; (a)
Mdakizi, n. (wa-), similar to beak, bill (of a bird); (3) fig.
Mdaku, and Mdukizi (which see), anything lip-like, i.e. a similar
eavesdropper, gossip-monger, &c. organ, a projection, overhanging
part. M. wafande.a, hare-lip. Piga
Mdaku, n. (wa-), one who m., pout, also, make a long
catches up news, slanderer, tale- speech,
be
garrulous,but
bearer, &c. (Cf. prec. and daka.)
usually domo in this sense. (Cf.
domo, and onto.)
Mdalasini, n. (mi-), a cinnamon
tree, also the bark.
Mdoshi, n. (mi-), a kind of
pedal or treadle, working the part
Mdanzi, n. (mi-), the tree of a native loom which raises the
bearing the danzi, or bitter orange. threads of the warp alternately.
(For other kinds cf. mchungwa.)
(Cf. mfu- mi,fuma, kitanda.)
Mdarabi, n. (mi-), also
Mduara, n. (mi-), and Duara, a
Mtarabe, the rose-apple tree, circular thing, circle, round heap,
bearing the fruit darabi.
wheel,like duara (which see).
(Ar. Cf. mviringo, gurudtimu.)
Mdawa,
n. (i) (wa-), claimant,
%
ac- cuser, prosecutor, opponent,
*Mdudu, n. (zva-), the most
assailant. Sometimes (a) (mi-), a general word for insect,
claim, suit, legal proceedings. (Ar. including ants, flies, fleas, grubs,
Like mdai, cf. dai, da'wa, and worms, and all small creeping and
mshtaki, tntesi,)
flying creatures. Also used of
various diseases caused by, or
Mdeki, n. (mi-), a ramrod. attributed by the natives to,
Shittd- ilia bunduki kwa tndeki, to parasites and other insects in the
load a gun with a ramrod. (Ar.)
body. (Ar. Cf. dudu, kidudu, and
dist. dude.)
Mdengu, n. (mi-), a plant producing the small edible bean or
Mdukizi,
n.
(zva-),
pea, dengu (which see).
eavesdropper,
gossip-monger,
slanderer. (Perh. the same as
Mdeni, n. (wa-), a debtor, a mdakizi, cf. dak a, mdaku, dakiza,
person in debt. (Ar. Cf. deni, and dukiza.)
mwii, wia, wiwa.)

Mdukuo, n. (mi-), a tap, push,

Mdila, n. (mi-), a coffee-pot. poke,thrust,given with stick,
(Ar. Cf. buli, teapot.)
finger, or open hand, e. g. mtie
Mdimu, n. (mi-). See Mndimu, mdukuo wa jicho, poke him in the
the tree which bears the lime fruit eye. So pigo la kidole.
ttdimu.
Mdumu, n. (mi-), commonly
Mdiria, n. (trw-), a kingfisher. dumu (which see), pot, mug.
Mdodoki, n. (mi-), the climbing
plant producing the edible

Mdundo, n. (mi-), used of a

rolling, rumbling sound, as of
drums or a band. (? Hind. dund.
Cf. vuma, mvutno.)

weeds, &c.). Cs. meza, cause to

grow, e. g. Muungu amenimeza
meno, God has caused my teeth to
grow. (Dist. meza, swallow.) (Cf.
mmea, umea, mmelea, kimelea, and
Me-, (i) as a tense-sign, marks syn. ota, kua.)
the completion of an action or
process, or the consequent state
Mega, v. break off a piece, take
and condition, and so supplies a a bit, esp. with fingers or teeth,
Perfect and Pluperfect Tense. This of taking a share' of food, a help
form of the verb also often from a common plate or dainty.
supplies the place of a Past Ps. megwa. Nt. megeka. Ap. meg-ea,
Participle. It can never be -ewa. Cs. me- gesha, e. g. invite to
combined with a relative-pfx., take a bite, ask to help himself.
the necessary forms being Rp. megana, of general consent or
supplied by the -li- (Past) Tense. It common action. (Cf. follg. and
is rarely used with a negative tonge, mmego.)
pers.-pfx., sime- kwambia ? Have I
Mego, n. (zva-), a piece, a bit, a
not told you ? its place being
supplied by the Past Tense morsel, a bite, a helping, esp. of
Negative with ku-. E.g. ame- fika food. (Cf. mega.)
amechoka, he has arrived in a tired
Meka-meka, v. a variant of
state. Tukamkuta amekufa, we found
him dead. Amevaa nguo nzuri, he is meta- meta, merimeta, memeteka,
wearing fine clothes. (2) as an sparkle, glitter, shine, be bright,
initial
syllable,
sometimes fiery, &c. (And cf. mulimuli.)
represents ma- combined with an
Meko, n. plnr. of jiko (i. e.
c-, or -0 following, e.g. makaska
mengine mengi, for ma-ingine, ma- majiko, maiko, meko) (which see),
ingi, many other boxes; mavazi me- and cf. figa, jifya, stones for
roro, for ma-ororo, soft clothes. See supporting a cooking-pot over the
fire.
A, E, I.
Mea, v. * grow * as a vegetable
or plant,of plant life, but also of
parts of the animal organization,
which resemble plants in growth,
i. e. hair, teeth, nails, &c. Also in
a quasiactive sense, e.g. buu
likamea mbazva, the grub grew
wings. Ap. melea, grow in (on, by,
&c.), grow as a parasite of, and
also in a quasi-passive sense, be
grown over, be overgrown, e.g.
skamba
langu
linamelea,
my
plantation is overgrown (with

Memeteka v. also Memetuka,

sparkle, shine. (Cf. meiameta.)
Mende, n. (), a cockroach.
Also a slang term for a rupee.
Mengi, a form of -ingi agreeing
with D 5 (P), i. e. maingi, mengi. So
mengine, from -ingine.
Meno, n. plur. of jino (i.e. majino,
maino, meno), teeth. Meno meno,

MENYA

223

MFASIBI

battlements, usually arched or likeness, resemblance, emblem,

pointed in Z. See Jino.
similitude,parable,
proverb,
allegory. Often methali ya, like,
Menya, v. (i) shell, husk, peel, resembling, a likeness of, in the
e. g. sugar-cane ; (a) beat, pound likeness of, and so (a) as, like, jnst
(not usual in Z.). (Cf. ambua, as if, for instance,same as the
chambua, paa, v.)
commoner kama. Mithili ni kuzva
ameua mtu, as for instance (it is as
Merikebu, n. (), also if) he has committed a murder.
Marike- bu, Marekabu, a ship, (Ar. Cf. syn. B. mfatio, and conj.
esp. of foreign construction, as kama.)
contr. with the native vessel
chombo. Various kinds are disMeza, v. (i) swallow, swallow
tinguished as merikebu ya matanga, up (perh. a Cs. of mega (which
sailing vessel; m. ya moshi, steamer see), i.e. megesha, tneza ; (2) Cs. of
also ya dohani\ tn.ya kazi or ya mea, cause
serkali, a freight vessel, as contr.
with meli for passenger traffic ; rn. tO gTOW.
Meza, n. (), a table, raised
ya milingote tniwili (rniwili u nusstt,
mitatu), a brig or schooner (a wooden bench, school form.
barque, a full-rigged ship). Ingia Mezani, (of Europeans) at a meal,
(panda) merikebnni, go on board a at dinner, also a dining-room,
vessel.
Shuka
merikebnni, mess-room, i. e. chumba cha kulia.
disembark. (Ar. Cf. jahazi, (Portug. Cf. Lat. mensa.)
chombo.)
Mfaa, n. (mi-), centre-piece of
Merimeta, v. sparkle, shine (cf. native door, fixed to one valve,
the
other closing against it. (Cf.
metameta).
mlango.)

Meahmaa, n. (), a candle.

Mfalme,
n.
(wa-),king,
(Ar. shamaa,sometimes changed
chief,ruler, sultan. (Cf. ufalme, and
to tnshumaa (mi-).)
syn.jumbe, sultani, mkuu.)
*Meski, n. and Miski, musk.
Mfano, n. (mi-), likeness, reAlso similar scents. (Cf. ?narashi,
semblance, similitude, emblem,
harufu.)
sample, pattern, parable. Mfano wa
Meakiti, n. also Msikiti, Mo- rnaneno, an allegory, parable. Kwa
akiti a mosque. (Ar. changed from mfano wa, or only mfano tta, like.
Also mfano alone, as conj. ndio
mesgidi, tnasjidi, cf. sujudu.)
mfano nguoyapili, it acts as another
Meta, v. also Metameta, shine, garment. (Cf. fanana, kifano, and
sparkle, glitter, be bright, &c., e. syn. Ar. methali, and conj. kama.)
g. of polished metal, fireflies,
Mfanyi,n. (wa-), a doer, a
stars, &c. 1st. meteka, e.g. upanga
humeteka kotekote, the sword is maker, ono who practises,
bright all over. Cs. metesha, make usually as a verbal noun
shine, polish. (Cf. merimeta, governing another noun, e. g.
memeteka, memetuka, mekameka, mfanyi biashara, a trader, a merall perh. variants of similar sound. chant ; mfanyi viatu, a shoemaker.
Also mulimuli, mu/ika, and (of (From fanya.)
steady light) ng'aa} anga.)
Mfuransa, n. (wa-), also MfraMethali, n. and conj., also in naa, Mf&raaa, a Frenchman.
several other forms, mat halt, (From Francois. Cf. -faransa.)
mathal, me/hili, mithili, mizli, (I) a

Mfariji, n. (wa-), one who (Ci.finyanza, finya, ufinyanzi.)

comforts, a comforter, a consoler.
Mfisha, Mfishaji, n. (wa-)> one
(Ar. Cf. fariji.)
who kills, a slaughterer. (Cf. fa,

Mforika.n.
(wa-),a
young fisha.)
animal, goat, sheep, &c., grown
Mflthuli, n. (wa-), an insolent,
but not yet breeding. (Ar. rude,
overbearing,
insulting
Cf.farikiand follg.)
person. (Ar. Cf. fithuli, ufithuli, and
Mfariki, n. a divider, esp. a syn. tnjeuri.)
comblike instrument used in
Mfltini, n. (zba-), one who
weaving. Same as faraka (which causes
discord,
see).
aquarrelsomeperson,
brawler,
of peace,
Mfasiri,
11.
(wa-),
an agitator, disturber
conspirator.
(Ar.
expounder, interpreter, translator. mutineer,
Cf.ftina,fitini.)
(Ar. Cf. fasiri, and tnka/imani.)
Mfiwi,
n.
(mi-),
plant
Mfathili,
n.
(wa-),
a
benefactor, helper, akind, liberal, producing the fiwi, Cape bean.
generous person. (Ar. Cf. fathili.)
Mfo, n. (mi-), torrent, rain-fed
flood, also the channel or
Mfenessi,n. (MI-), a jack-fruit stream,
of a torrent. Mfo mkavu, dry
tree, a single fruit of which often bed
bed,of a torrent. Leo kumeshuka
weighs over 20 lb. (Cf.fenessi.)
mfo, hakupitiki, to-day a flood has
down, it is impossible to
Mfichaji, Mfichifichi, n. (wa-), come
Mto alikuwa na mfo, the river
one who habitually conceals, a cross.
was
in
flood. (Cf. furiko, and mto.)
very reserved or retiring person.
(Cf. ficha, and -nyamafii.)
Mforsadi, n. (mi-), a mulberry
Mflgili, n. (mi-), and Mfljili, a tree, bearing the fruit forsadi.
kind of radish-plant, with an
Mfu, n. (wa-), a dead person.
edible root, figili.
(See -fu. Cf. fa, v., kifo, ufu, and
Mflko, n. (mi-), arrival, reach, syn. maiti.)
range, Mfiko wa lisasi, range of a
(i) (wa-), one who beats,
bullet (gunshot, rifle). (Cf. fka.) esp.Mfua,
of one who works in metal
hammer, &c.. a smith. A
*Mfilisi, n. (wa-), one who with
noun from fua, governing
forces
another
into
ruin, verbalnoun following, e.g. nifua
bankruptcy, &c., a distrainer, achuma(thahabu,
fetha, &c.), a
defrauder, embezzler. (Cf. fli'si, blacksmith
(goldsmith,
and follg.)
silversmith, &c.). Mfua nguo, one
Mfllisika, n. (wa-), a ruined who washes clothes, a washerman
(commonly dobj. in Z.). (2) (mi-),
person, bankrupt. (Cf. prec.)
mifua (or mifuo), bellows. Vukuta
tnifua, blow bellows. (Cf. fua,
Mfinyangi,
n.
(wa-),
alsoMflnyanzi(and
-ji), mvukuio.)
Mfuasi, n. (wa-), (1) a follower,
aworkerin clay, a potter. Mfinyanzi
hulia gae, a potter eats off a adherent, retainer, disciple ; (2) a
pursuer, tracker. (Ci.fuata.)
potsherd, i. e. is no millionaire.

Mflnessi, n. See Mfenessi.

Mfufuzi, n. (wa-), one who

MENYA

223

MFASIBI

raises from the dead, restorer of rnfumi, kitanda cha mfumi, mtandc
life. (Cf. fufua.)
* (warp), mshindio (woof).)
Mfugo, n. (mi-), taming, breeding, rearing of birds or animals.
M. wa nyama, cattle breeding. M.
wa frasi, keeping a stable,
breaking-in horses. Nina mifugo
mingi, I rear many kinds of
animals. (C f. fuga.)
Mfuko, n. (mi-), a bag, a
pocket, a general term, with
dim. kifuko, and. fuko (ma-), a large
bag, travelling bag, saddle-bag.
(Cf. fukia,fukua. Various kinds of
bags are fumba, kifumba, gunia,
kiguni, kanda, kikanda,
mkoba, mtumba, &c.)

mbalu,

Mfungizo, n. (mi-), a fastening

up, an investment, blockade,
siege. (Cf. funga, fungiza, and
mazingiwa.)

Mfungo, n. (mi-), (1) a

fastening, shutting, closing, tying,
&c. (see Funga , and (2) esp.
fasting,used both of such fasts
as the month Rama* than and of
the
carnival
immediately
preceding it. Alfungo wa Ulaya,
European mode of fastening. (Cf.
funga, kifungo, and follg.)'

Mfunguo, n. (mi-), unfastening,

untying, loosing, releasing, &c.
Mfukuzi, n. (wa-), (1) from (see Fungua). Used to describe the
fukuza, pursuer, persecutor; (2) nine months following the month
from fukua, digger, miner, pitman. of fasting, Ramathan, Yiz. mfunguo
wa rnosi, wa pili, wa tatu, &c.,the
Mfulizo, n. (mi-), causing to remaining three being called by
go on, giving an energetic the Arabic names Rajabu,
impetus, a pull, tug, haul, thrust, Shaabani, Ramathan i. (Cf.
shove, &c. Kwa mfulizo mmoja, all fungua, and prec.)
pulling together. (Cf. fua'fuliza,
and follg.)
Mfunza, Mfunzaji, Mfunzi, n.
(wa-), a teacher, instructor, tutor.
Mfululizo, n. (mi-), also Mfufu- (Cf. funza,fundisha, and syn. mwalilizo, a Rd. form of mfulizo, a going mu, mkufunzi, fundi. Dist. funza,
on and on, a regular progression, maggot.)
series, succession. Siku tano ya
mfululizo, five consecutive days.
Mfuo, n. (mi-), (1) a beating,
(Cf. prec.)
hammering, &c.,verbal of fita,
v.; (2) a groove, crease, mark
Mfuma, Mfumaji, Mfumi, n.
made by drawing a line, stripe,
band of colour, &c. E. g. karatasi
(wa-), one who weaves, a weaver. ya miftto, ruled paper. Nguo ya
Affuma nguo, a weaver of cloth. mifuo, strijxrvl cloth, tartan. (3)
Kitanda cha mfumi, a weavers Alifuo, or tnifua, bellows;
loom. Affumaji wa hariri, a silk
weaver. (Cf. fuma, and kitanda.)
( 4 ) mfuo wa mawinbi, the
beating of waves on the
Mfumbati, n. (mi-), side-piece
shore,and also, the
of the frame of a native bedstead.
beach, shore of the sea.
See Kitanda.
(Cf. ufuo, ufuko, and fua.)
Mfumi, n. See Mfuma.
Mfupa, n. (mi-), a bone. Alifupa,
a skeleton. Alifupa mitupu, a mere
Mfumo, n. (mi-), (i) art (act, skeleton, i. e. very emaciated.
process, &c.) of weaving ; (2) tex- Dim. kifttpa. (Cf. ufupa, fttpa.)
ture, fabric. Alfumo wake ntsttri, it is
a well-woven stuff. (Cf. fuma,
Mfuria, n. also kanzu ya mfuria,

an Arab garment, a sort of loose (Cf. gattda, and follg.)

cloth coat, with a collar, but no
Mgandisho, n. (mi-), causing to
sleeves. (Perh. Ar., meaning fur
coagulate (set, curdle, thicken),
coat.)
coagulation. (Cf.ganda, and follg.)
Mfurungu, n. (mi-), the tree
Mgando, n. (mi-). Afgando wa
which bears the shaddock,
churna, iron smelted and run out to
furungu. (Cf. mchungwa.)
cool, pig iron (cf. mkuo). JHga
Mfuto, n. (mi-), (1) a wiping, churna mgando, make wrought
sweeping, clear mg off, erasing, iron. (Cf. ganda, and prec.)
abolition, absolution; (2) used to
Mganga, n. (wa-), a native docdenote a common, plain, rough,
medicine
man,the
inferior article of any kind, c. g. tor,
representative
of
tnlango wa mfuto, a plain door, recognized
without carving or ornamentation. superior knowledge on all
Alkcka wa mfuto, a plain, cheap subjects mysterious to the native
mind, and regarded with respect,
mat. (Cf. futai)
fear, or toleration accordingly.
Mfuu, n. (mi-), a tree bearing a The mchawi is, on the other hand,
small black edible berry (fun).
not recognized or tolerated as a
rule by the community, however
Mfyozi, n. (wa-), ^n abusive, useful his services may be to
scornful, insolent person. (Ci-fyoa, individuals. Mganga tnknu, mginga
and syn. mfithuli.)
Sana, a famous medicine man.
(Cf. ganga, ugattga, and mchawi.)
Mganda, n. (mi-), (1) a bnndle,
a sheaf, c. g. of rice or other crop; Mgango, n. (mi-), a binding up,
(2) a kind of drum (cf. ngoma).

MGAWANYA

220

MGUNYA

splicing, mending. (Cf. ganga, mouth shell (Cassis rubra, Str.).

gango, kigango.)

Mgomvi,
n.
(zva-),
a
Mgawanya, Mgawanyi, n. quarrelsome person, brawler. (Cf.
(wa-), a divider, a distributor. gomba, ugomvi, and mjitini.)
(Cf.gawa, gawanya, and follg., also
Mgongo, n. (mi-), (1) the back,
mwenezi.)
back part; back-bone,of man or
Mgawo, n. (mi-), and Mgao, a animal; (2) of things resembling
dividing, division, distribution, the back, anything raised, ridge,
partition. So also Mgawanyo. (Cf. hump, edge. Geuka (elekeza, pa) m.,
gawa, and prec.)
turn the back,in fear, contempt,
&c. (Cf. pa kishogo). Lala
Mgema, n. (wa-), and Mgemi, a mgongoni, lie on the back (cf.
man who climbs and taps kichalichali, kitanitani). M. 7va
cocoanut trees to get palm-wine nyumba, ridge of a roof. Nyumba ya
(tembo). This business (mgemo, m., a house with ridge-roof (cf.
kngema) is a regular profession, pad). Njia ya m., a raised path,
and in Zanzibar is often carried on causeway. M. wa viTvitu, a thick line
by Digo men from the coastland a of trees, a forest ridge. Kinyosha
little north of Z. Cf. Prov. mgemi m., a back- straightener, i. e. a
akisijiwa tembo hulitia tnaji, if the gratuity after a hard job. (Cf.
tapper hears his tap praised he jongo, kijongo, ki- biongo, maongo,
waters it. (Cf. gema, and tembo '.) all of which point to ongo, a form
not used in Z. but occurring in
Mgemo, n. See Mgema.
mongo, mwongo, a back, in other
dialects. Gongo, a thick stick, is
Mgeni, n. (wa-), (i) a stranger, different, cf. gonga, strike, beat.)
new-comer, foreigner; (2) a guest.
Mgeni na aje mweziyeji apone, let the
Mgonjwa, n. (wa-), a sick
foreigner come that the native person, an invalid,used of any
may be the better off. (Cf. -geni.) bodily ailment, serious or slight.
Cf. mwele, bedridden, crippled,
Mgereza, n. See Mwingereza. of
more
serious
illness,
disablement, e. g. mgonjwa aweza
*Mghalaba,n.
competition, kutembea kidogo, mwele atnekazwd
rivalry. Bei ni mghalaba, commerce na mar at hi, hawezi kutembea, a
is competition. (Ar. Cf. ghalibu, mgonjwa can (at least) just move
and syn. B. shindana.')
about, a mwele is gripped by his
and cannot move. (Cf.
Mgogoro, n. (mi-), (1) an malady
gonjweza, ugotijwa, and use
obstacle, obstruction, e. g. a stone -gonjwa,
hawezi, as a semi-noun, and
or tree in a road; (2) a difficulty, of
mzima, sound, in good
nuisance, trouble, worry. (Cf. syn. contr.
health.)
zuizo, tatizo, kwao.)

Mgomba, n. (1) (mi-), the

banana plant, plantain tree,
bearing the fruit ndizi (which
see), and producing a strong fibre
(ugomba); (2) (wa-), verbal noun of
gomba (which see, and cf. follg.).

Mgoto, n. (mi-), (1) act of beating, knocking together, blows,

strokes, clashing, sudden meeting,
conflict, and (2) commonly of the
sound of such beating, e. g. m. wa
makasia, the beat of oars,both
act and sound ; m. wa maji, the
sound of meeting or falling water.
(Cf. goto, andpigo, shindo, mb is hoi)

Mgombwe, n. (mi-), bulls-

Mgunga, n. (mi-), a kind of

Mgoja, n. See Mngoja.

acacia (Sac.).

Mgunya, n. (wa-), a native of a

Mguno, n. (mi-), a grumbling, coast district between Mombasa
grunting,
murmuring, and the river Juba. They use the
complaining, discontent. (Cf. sailing vessel called tepe
guna, nung'u- nika.)
.Mguru guru, n. (wa-), a large
a kanzu (Str.).
kind of lizard, living in holes
Mhamishi, n. (wa-), a
and feeding on insects. (For
wandering, unsettled, homeless
other varieties cf. mjusi, kettge.)
person, a nomad, pilgrim,
tramp, vagrant. (Cf. hama,

Mguu, n. (mt-), (i) the leg,

of man or any kind of living
creature, and esp. the lower
part of it, the foot; (2) anything
resembling a leg, in shape or
function. Etida kwa miguu, go on
foot, walk. Shika miguu (j'a),
make obeisance (to), become a
subject or dependent (of).
Panua (tanua) miguu, take long
strides.
(Cf.
guu, kiguu.)

*Mhabeshi, n. (wa-), an
Abyssinian,esp.
of
the
female, valued as a slave from
the light complexion. (Cf.
Habeshia.)

*Mhadimu, n. (wa-), a
JIadimu, one of the earlier
inhabitants of the island of
Zanzibar, living mostly on the
east and south of the island, retaining their own dialect and
customs, and till latterly some
independence.
Mostly
fishermen. (Ar. Cf. ha- dimu,
hudumu.)
.

mahatne.)

*Mharabu, n. (wa-), a
destructive person, a destroyer,
a vandal. (Cf. haribu, and syn.
mwangamizi, mwu- aji.)
'
*Mhashiri,n.
(w/-),orMwashiri, a strong
beam, by which the mast is
secured in position in a native
vessel. (Cf. rn lingo/i.)
Mhassi, n. (wa-), a castrated
man or animal, a eunuch. (Ar.
Cf. maksai, and syn.'/awashi.)
*Mhenzorani, n. (mi-), a
plant producing a small kind of
cane, hen- zerani,
Mhimili, n. (1) (mi-), that
which carries (bears, supports), a
beam, girdle, post, prop, bearing.
Also (2) (wa-), a patient, enduring
person. (Ar. Cf. himili, hamali,
hirnila, sta- hitnili, and for patient
mvumilivu.)

Mhina, n. (mi-\ the henna plant,

the leaves of which steeped in
water produce a red dye, much
used for ornamental staining of
feet, and often donkeys.
Mhajiri, n. (wa-), an fingers,
emigrant, settler, colonist, (Cf. hitta.)
also one who travels to Mecca
Mhindi, n. (1) (wa-), also
as a pilgrim.
(Ar. commonly
Muhindi, a native of
Cf.
India, but in Z. usually restricted
to the Mahommedan Hindoos,
hajiri, and hnj.)
who are divided into two chief
Mhalbori, n. a strip of sects, the Bohoras and Khojas,
lining under the ornamental each with their own mosques,
silk stitching down the front of burial grounds, clubs, &c. The

heathen

MGAWANYA

Hindoos are called

Baniani (ma-). (Cf. Hindi, ki- hindi.)
(2) (mi-), also commonly Muhindi,
the plant bearing maize, or Indian
cornalso called Muhindi, in its
natural state and collectively.
Single cobs are called gunzi,
kiguttzi, and the grains when
separated ma- hindi. (Cf. hiitdi,
gunzi, bisi, kumvi, ganda.)

Mhitaji, n. (wa-), (1) a person

who wants (needs something), a
candidate,.applicant,
petitioner.
(2) one who is needy, in want,
poor. K.g. mi mi si mhitaji ttawc (or
kwako), I want nothing from you.
Bwana alikuwa tajiri, sasa mhitaji,

my master was once rich, now he

is poor. (Ar. Cf. hiiaji, uhitaji, haja,
2m.

mchungu, with green stems,

bitter, and requiring (excepting in one
variety) to be dried before eaten. E. g.
siuchezei mhogo mchungu, I do not
play with bitter cassava. Enga
muhogo, cut cassava in slices for
cooking.
Mhunzi, n. ('wa-), a worker in
metals, or stone, a smith, a stonecutter.
Usually defined by a word following,
e.g. in. wa ckuma (fetha, bait), a
blacksmith (silversmith, tin-worker).
M. wa mawe, a stonecutter, carver in
stone. (Cf. mfua, and fundi.)
Mi-, Plur. Pfx. of D 2, e.g. mti, a
tree, niiti, trees.
*Mia, n. and a., a hundred, one
hundred, -a mia, hundredth. Mia kwa
moja, one per cent. Mia mia,
hundreds, in hundreds, of a large
indefinite quantity. (Ar. Cf. dual from
mi teen.')

Miaa, n. plur. also Miyaa.

See Mwaa.
Mikambe, n. Piga m., in bathing,
duck down and throw one leg over so
as to strike the water with it.
Mila, n. (), custom, habit, propensity, usage. (Ar. Cf. desturi, tabia,

ada.)

-Milgle, n. and adv., eternity,

perpetuity, -a milele, continual, never
ending, everlasting. As adv., always,

220

MGUNYA

and syn. masikini.)

Mhogo, n. (mi-), also commonly

Muhogo, the cassava or manioc
plant, producing the edible roots,
also called in their natural state
and collectively mhogo, muhogo.
Very' large roots arc called hogo,
mahogo. The roots arc cut in strips
(cf. kopa, ubalc) and dried; then,
when wanted, pounded and
boiled. There are several varieties,
m. wa bungala and m. mwcusi, with
reddish stems, sweet and eatable
without cooking ; m. wa kindoro, m.
nangwa,

perpetually, for ever. Jl/aiska na milele,

for life and for ever, for ever and ever.
Also TJmilele. (Ar.
Cf. syn. daima, siku zote.)

Milhoi, n. one kind of evil spirit.

(Cf. pepol)

Milia, n. plur. of mha, but used as

a., striped. Punda milia, zebra. (Cf.
mlia.)

Miliki, v. possess, be owner (ruler,

king) of, rule, exercise authority over. Ps.
milikiwa. Ap. milik-ia, e.g. hold in trust
for, be regent for, rule in (for, with, &c.).
Cs. milik-isha, -ishwa, put in possession,
make king or ruler. (Ar. Cf.

maliki,

malkia, mamlaka, and

follg. Also syn. tawala.)
Milki, n. (), sometimes
also Mulki, and treated as if D
2,
possession,
property,
dominion, kingdom. (Ar. Cf.
prec.)

Mimba, n. (), conception,

pregnancy,
embryo.
Shika
(chukua, tunga,-wa na) mimba, be
(or,
become)
pregnant,
conceive. Tia m., cause to be
pregnant. Haribu w., cause miscarriage, miscarry. Also of
plants, mtama unafanya mimba,
the millet is just forming the
ear. (Cf. hi- mi la, uzito.)

pour, spill,of anything in a fluid

state, and so (2) run into a mould,
cast. Ame- nimiminia samli chomboni
mwangu, he has poured me out some
ghee in my vessel. Mkate wa ku mi
min a, a kind of confectionery. Ps.
mimi- niwa. Nt. miminika, e.g. be
poured, out, overflow. Ap. mimin- ia,
-iwa.
Cs. mimin-isha, -ishwa.
(Cf. follg., and mwaga, pour away,
subu, cast.)
Miminiko, n. (ma-), something
poured out, a casting. (Cf. prec.)
Minya, v. press, squeeze,
squeeze out. Rp. minyana. (Cf.fnya,
and syn. kama, hamua.)

Mimbara, n. (), pulpit,

Mio, n. plur of umio (which see),
in a mosque. (Ar.)
(2) (ma-), amplif. form of umio (cf.
kimid), e. g. mio la mnyama, the
Mimi, pron. of 1 Pers. S., I, throat-passage of an animal.
me. Also often tniye. Mimi
mwenyewe, mimi nafsi yangu or bi Miongoni, plur. locat. form from
nafsi yangu, I myself. -angu mimi,
my own. (All the personal mwongo (which see), number,
pronouns
are
reduplicated account, reckoning. Used in
forms, except the third plural, miongoni mwa, as a prepositional
mimi, wewe, yeye, sisi, itinyi, wao.)
phrase, in the number of, among,
Mimina, v. (1) pour out, from among, o

MIRATHI

nthe side of, in the party of, i. e.

ka- tika hesabu ya. Hawa si miongoni
mwangu, these are not among my
people, in my service.
Mirathi,
n.
inheritance,
heritage, for more usual urithi.
(Ar. Cf. rithi.)
*Miski, n. and Meski, musk, or
similar perfume.
*Misko, n. Moscow, and used
for Russia.
Misri, n. Egypt. (Ar.)
*Miteen, n. and a., two
hundred.
-a
miteen,
twohundredth. (Ar. dual of rnia, i. e.
mi a mbili.)

Mithili,
n.
likeness,
resemblance, similitude,same
as Methali (which see). Usually
(i) in prepositional phrase
mithiliya, like, just as,or only
mithili. (2) as conj., for (or with
karna), as, like, like as. Na- taka
kasha mithili ya hii, I want a box of
this pattern. IVakaonana mithili
kama anwali, and they met like as
at first. (Ar. Cf. methali, kama.)
Miunzi, n. plur. of mwunzi,
which is seldom used, whistling, a
whistle, Piga miunzi, whistle. (Cf.
ubinja, mbinja, msonyo.)
Miwa, n. plur. of muwa, or mwa,
sugar-cane.
Miwaa, n. plur. of mwaa (which
sec).
Miwani, n. a pair of
spectacles,
cyc-glasscs.
Commonly described as macho
mawili, double eyes. (Ar.)
Miye, pron. 1 Pcrs. S., same as
Mimi, I, me. (Cf. weye, yeye, siye.)
Mizani, n. (1) weighing
machine, balances, scales. The
pan is called kitanga, and the beam

229

MJIGXJTT

of the scales mtangc. Also (2) the

pendulum, or balance, regulating a
machine, clock, watch, &c. (Ar. Cf.
tizani, uthani.)

Mja, n. (wa-), verbal of ja, one

traceable in other Ilantu
who comes, and so (1) a newdialects, some distant, as
comer, foreigner,also mja na
also maji, water.)
maji, or mja inaji; (2) a slave,not
Mjiari, n. (mi-), tiller-rope (Str.).
usual in Z.,for mlitmwa. Ada ya mja,
(Cf. kamba
hunena ; mngwana ni kitendo, a Also ujari.
slave talks, but a free man acts.
for other ropes.)
Mjakazi, n. (wa-), a female
Mjibu, n. an affable, pleasant,
slave. (Cf. kijakazi, and mtumwa.
(Arab., not
Perh. mja, and kazit work, but kazi, accessible person.
mkazi, in some dialects means a
common, cf. wajibu.)
woman.)
Mjiguu. n. (wa-), a large foot, a
Mjane, n. (wa-), a widowed,
bereaved person, male or female, long leg, a nerson with large feet (or
long-legged). (Cf kijiguu, tngutt.)
a widow, a widower. (Cf. ujane.)
Mjanja, n. (wa-), cheat,
impostor, knave, sharper. (Cf.
-janja, - janja, and syn. ayari,
mkopi.)

Mjeledi, n. (mi-), whip (of

leather), thong, strap. Piga (Ha)
mijeledi, beat with a whip. (Ar.
leather. Qi.jclidi, jalada, and ukanda.)

Mjengo, n. (mi-), (1) act (process, style, method) of building,

architecture, also (2) thing built,
erection,
structure,
e.
g.
encampment, hut. (Cf.
jenga,jcngo, mjenzi.)
Mjenzi, n. (7^-), a builder, esp. in
native style, i. e. of wooden structures. (Cf. mwashi, of stone work.)
Kwcnyi miti hakuna mjenzi, where
the trees are, there is no one to
use them. (Qi.jenga, and prec.)
Mji, n. (mi-), (1) village, hamlet, town, city, i. c. a collection of
human dwellings irrespective of
number, 5 or 5,000. (Cf. kijiji, kitongoji.) Used with and without
preps. Toka (ondoka, See.) katika mji,
or rnjini, or mji only. So enda (mfika,
&c.) katika mji, or rnjini, or mji. (2)
middle of a piece of cloth ;
( 3 ) after-birth,
placenta,
and sometimes of the
womb itself. (Mji is

MIRATHI

229

MJIGXJTT

representative. Mjtwibe hauawi, a

messengers person is sacred. (Cf.

Mjiko, n. (mi-), lower bowel, jumbe, kijumbe, u- jumbe.)

rectum (Kr.). (Ci.jika.)
Mjima, n. (wa-), one who cooperates, or gives friendly help,
an assistant. (Cf. tiji?na.)
Mjinga, n. (wa-), a fool,
simpleton, ignoramus, dupe, and
esp. of innocent ignorance,
inexperience, and so, new-comer,
raw slave, greenhorn, tenderfoot.
Akawa mjinga, kama mbuzi ilia
kasoro, he was a fool, like a goat
and even worse. Mjinga ni mtu,
usinene ni ng'o?nbe, a simpleton is

a human being, do not call him a

cow,a native type of silliness.
(Cf. mpumbafu, barazuli, mzuzu.)

Mjio, n. (mi-), coming, arrival.

Verbal of ja, v. (Cf. majilio, jioni.)
Mjoli, n. (wa-), fellow slave,
member of same establishment,
fellow servant. (Cf. mlumwa.)
Mjbmba, n. (wa-),

(i) uncle,

nephew,the term being used by

each of the other. But mjomba also
is used especially of the uncle on
the mothers side, who is also
called baba mkubwa or mdogo
(according as he is older or
younger than the father). Contr.
amn (AT.), uncle on the fathers
side. (2) a native name for a
Swahili,the Swahili region
being called Ujotnba, and language kijomba.
Mjukuu, n. (wa-), grandchild,
or other relation of the second
generation, grand-nephew (or
-niece), second cousin (male or
female). Fig. as in majuto ni
mjukuu, remorse is a grandchild, i.
e. comes at length. (Cf. kijukuu,
kilembwe, kiningina.)

Mjumbe, n. (wa-), messenger,

go- between, deputed person,
ambassador,
delegate,

Mjume, n. (wa-), a skilled

workman
who
executes
ornamental work, engraving,
inlaying, &c. on weapons, and
personal ornaments. M. wavisu, a
high-class cutler. (Cf. ujume,
mjumu'.)

corresponding to, fronting. Also, in

front, future. (Ar. Cf. kabili, kabla,
kibula, &c., and lekea.)
*Mkabithi, n. (wa-), verbal of
kabithi, one who holds, keeps, &c., and

so (1) a trustee, one who holds

property or money; (2) a miser, art
Mjumu, n. or Njumu, inlaid economizer, a thrifty person. (Cf.
work, ornamental decoration with kabithi, and bahili.)
various materials.
Mjusi, n. (wa-), (1) a lizard,
of the smaller sort, of which there
are many varieties. (For larger
kinds cf. guruguru, kenge.) (2) a
lizardshaped ornament worked in
silk stitches on the front of a
kanzu (which see).
' Mjuu, n. used of wind,as
blowing above or overhead. (Cf.
juu.)

Mjuvi, n. (wa-), a saucy, impudent, inquisitive, prying, intruding

person. (Cf. jua, ujuvi, and follg.)
Mjuzi, n. (wa-), one who
knows, a well-informed, largeminded, sagacious, wise person.
Mwenyezi Mngu ni msikizi na mjuzi
wa killa kilu, Almighty God hears
and knows everything. (Cf. jua,
ujuzi, and prec.)

Mkaa, n. (1) (wa-), one who

sits, remains, lives, &c., an
inhabitant,
a
resident,
an
occupant. Mkaa ji~ koni, a kitchen
maid, a Cinderella. (Cf. kaa, and
follg.) (2) (mi-), a tree, the bark of
which is used medicinally as an
astringent.
Mkaaji, Mkaazi, n. (wa-), an
inhabitant, regular occupant, a
stay- at-home, not a traveller,
contr. to mpitaji, mkamishi. Ukiwa
mkaazi, jehga, if you are come to
stay, build a house. (Cf. kaa, v.
and prec.)
*Mkabala, Mkabil, adv. mostly
in prepositional phrase, mkabala
wa, in front of, facing, opposite,

MIRATHI
*Mkadamu, n. (wa-),
Muka- damu. See Kadamu.

229

MJIGXJTT

one who denies, repudiates, &c.

Mkana Muttngu, an atheist. (Cf. kana,
and rnkanus/ii, ttkanyo, ukani, &c.)

Mkandaa, n. (mi-), a kind of

mangrove, growing abundantly on the
coast in East Africa. The bark is used
for tanning, and furnishes a red dye.
The hard straight trunks supply
largely the boriti of commerce, i. e.
Mkaguo, n. (mi-), inspection, poles used for carrying concrete roofs
visitation, review. (Cf. kagua, and in house-building. (Cf. mkoko, and
follg., also angaiia, tazamia.)
mui.)
Mkadi, n. (mi-), a pandanns
tree, with strongly scented leaves
used' in perfumes, and large fruits
like pineapples.

Mkaguzi, n. (wa-), an inspector,

examiner, reviewer. (Cf. kagua,
and prec.)
Mkahaba, n. (wa-), also Kahaba
(ma-), prostitute.
Mkahawa, n. (mi-), coffeehouse, restaurant, cate. . A square
containing several of these in Z. is
known as Mkahawani. (Cf.
kakawa.)

Mkaja, n. (mi-), cloth worn by

women round the body, esp. after
child-birth,one of the presents
usually made to the brides
mother at marriage. (Cf. mbeleko,
and follg.)
Mkalimani,
n.
(wa-),
interpreter, i. c. in a professional
sense, one who is employed to
translate into and from an
unknown tongue. (Ar. kalima, a
word, cf. syn. mfasiri. Mkalimu is
also used for teacher.)
Mkalio, n. (mi-), a customary
wedding fee, one of several given
to the brides attendants, lit.
sitting by,like kiosha miguu, kipa
rnkotio, kifungua tnlango, &c.
Mkamba, n. (mi-), a larger
species of sea crab. (Cf. kamba,
and kaa.)
Mkamshe, n. (mi-), a kind of
wooden spoon (Str.). (Cf. mwiko.)
Mkana, n. (wa-), verbal of kana,

Mkangaja, n. (mi-), a tree bearing a small kind of mandarin

orange (kangaja) in thick clusters
of bright orange-red colour. (Cf.
mchungwa, for other varieties.)

mkate,mkati); (a) a poor man,seldom

heard in Z. city. A7 mkata, sina mbcle
wala nyuma, I am a poor man, with
nothing before or behind me. Mkata
kana kinyongo, a poor man cannot
afford fancies. (Cf. ukata, and syn.
Mkanju, n. (mi-), a cashew-nut tnasi- kini, fukara.)

tree,known in Z. usually as
mbibo (which see).

Mkano, n. (mi-), tendon, sinew,

muscle,of cattle and animals
general - ly. (Cf. kano, ukano, and
tnshipa.)

Mkasama, n. (i) division, part,

portion; (a) in mathematics,
division. (Arab. Cf. mgawo.)

*Mkataa,n.and adv., also Makataa, (i) what is settled, final decision,

end of an affair; (a) in a fixed, firm,
decided, final way, c. g.///. mnohili,
sitakwenda, this is my final word, I will
not go. Tumeqfikana ;//., we made a
final contract. Serna kwa m., make a
final statement. (Ar. ' Cf. kata.)

Mkataba, n. (mi-), what is written,

book, statute, contract, engagement.
Mkasasi, n. (mi-), a fine tree, (Ar. Cf. kitabu, and syn. hati, sharti,
useless for timber (Str., who maagana.)
quotes a couplet, uzuri wa mkasasi
ukipata rnaji basi, the mkasasi is a
Mkatale, n. (mi-), stocks, instrument
fine tree, but all it yields is sap).
for confining a prisoner by the feet, i.
c. mti uliochongtva ukazuliwa tundu, a
Mkasiri, n. (mi-), a tree, the piece of wood shaped and with holes
bark of which is used to dye nets bored in it. (Cf. kifungo, mnyororo,
black (Str.).
pingu.) .
Mkata, n. (wa-), (i) one who Mkato, n. (mi-), something cut
cuts, verbal of kata, v. (cf.

and so, ( i ) any kind of lump, or

separate piece, m. wa tumbako, a
plug or cake of tobacco, m. wa
nytiki, a pieceMKATI
of honey-comb, but
232
MKINDIT
esp. (2) a loaf, cake, bun, biscuit, ,oses). Mkebe wa ubani, a pot for
or anything similar, and used eeping or burning incense in. (For
commonly of European bread. other kinds cf. chungu, chombo.)
Various kinds are distinguished
as m. wa ngano, bread made of Mkeka, n. (mi-), a mat (usually of
wheat flour; tn. wa mofa, or mofa the kind used for sleeping on).
only, a cake of millet meal baked Hence kama kiianda kupata mkeka,
in an oven ; m. wa kumimina, a like a bedstead getting a mat, i.e. of
cake of batter, fritter; tn. wa natural completion, the final touch.
kusonga, &c. When mkaie is used These mats are oblong, made of
of ordinary bread, the crust certain leaves (ukituiu), slit into
(ganda la rnkate) is distinguished strips, plaited, and stained various
from the crumb (nyatna ya mkaie). colours. The strips (ukili) are sewn
(Ar. C (.kata, v., and follg.)
together, and bound round the
edge. The commonest in Z. are
Mkati, n. (wa-), one who cuts, plain white, or with transverse
cuts up, cuts out, cuts down, &c. stripes
of
colour.
Their
(Cf. kata, v., mkaie, mkato.)
manufacture is the ordinary
occupation of women when not en*Mkato, n. (mi-), (1) a cutting, gaged in cookery or other
incision, amputation, cut; (2) household work. Mikeka are
effect of cutting,- a slit, crack, described as ya kulalia, for sleeping
crevice; (3) a fraction, piece, esp. on; ya rangi, with coloured stripes;
a separate part of a native house, ya kufuta, of common cheap make;
a division, apartment, room, ya kazi, plaited in patterns. (For
made by a partition or screen other kinds cf. jatnvi, msala, kitanga,
only, kiwambaza ; (4) fig. a cutting randai)
down or away, cutting short,
reduction, retrenchment; (5) a Mkereza, n. (wa-), one who turns
short, abrupt, decisive act or with a lathe, a turner. (Cf. ke- reza.)
method. Fanya kwa mkato, like
mkataa, act quickly, decisively, at Mkewe, n. for tnke wake, his wife.
a word. (Ar. Cf. kata, and prec.) So mkewo, mkeo, your wife, i. e. mke
ivako.

Mkazi, n. (wa-), (1) for Mkaazi

(which see), an inhabitant; (2) Mkia, n. (mi-), a tail. Suka m., wag
the tail. M. wa mjusi, lines of silk
Muungu ni mkazi wa ulimwengu, i.e. stitching running up the front of a
perh. from kaza, upholder, firm kanzu from the ornament called
supporter. (Cf. follg.)
mjusi.
Mkazo, n. (mi-), using force, Mkilemba, n. (wa-), one who has
tension, effort, energy, pressure, earned a turban, i.e. by completing
exertion. (Cf. kaza, kazi, and syn. a job or a course of instruction, and
bidii, ngu- vu.)
so denotes a successful candidate,
prizeman, graduate. (Cf. kite mba.)
Mke, n. (wa-) for mtu mke, a
woman,
a
female,
also Mkimbizi, n. (wa-), (1) one who
mwanamke. Used alone, mke runs, e. g. the slave who runs in
means distinctively wife, in front of his masters donkey, but
contrast with mwanamke. Mume ni also (2) one who runs away,
kazi, mke ni nguo, the husband fugitive, runaway, deserter, truant;
works, the wife dresses. See -ke. (3) one who causes to run, pursuer,
(Cf. mume.)
hunter, persecutor, also a robber,
a highwayman (cf. mtoro). (Cf.
Mkebe, n. (mi-), pot, canister, kimbia, mbio.)

Mkindu, n. (mi-), the wild date .

palm,producing an edible fruit
(ki

MKATI
n*f),and leaves which famish
material (ukindu) for weaving fine
mats, and a fibre used for string.
(For other palms cf. mnazt.)
Mkinga, n. {mi-), anything that
stops, obstructs, or diverts
something else, e. g. mkinga tnaji,
a strip of leaf or stick used to
catch the water running down a
tree, also mchilizi. (Cf. kinga, v.,
and follg.)
Mkingamo, n. {mi-), a crossing,
being athwart, obstructing,in the
way. Njia ya mkingamo, a crossroad. (Cf. kinga, kingama, and
follg.)
Mkingiko, n. {mi-), a cross-polc
laid on the top of upright posts to
carry the lower ends of the rafters
in building a native house. (Cf.
kinga, and prec.)
Mkiwa, n. (wa-), a solitary,
destitute, friendless person, a poor
man. (Cf. -kiwa, ukiwa.)
Mkizi, n. (wa-), a kind of fish.
wa

Mi. Ha, r.. {m*-), bag, pouch,

Vr, chom5V.)\xrr made of the

entire sk jyru nguru, animal.

Wimbi la mkoba, buyhi ^ waves, i. e.
smooth swelling w^ftcr not like
breakers. (For various ncids of
bag, &c. cf. mjuko, kikapo.)
'
c

Mkoche, n. (mi-), one name of a

kind of palm (Hyphaene), known
also as rnkorna, but in Z.
commonly as rnwaa, or mnyaa
(which see).
Mkohanf, n. (tr<z-\ and
Mku- hani, Kuhani, Kahini,
priest, soothsayer, magician. (Ar.
Cf. kahini, kasisi.)
Mkojo, n. (mi-), micturition,
urine, also choo <ha mbele, choo
kidogo. (Cf. kojoa, and follg , also
nya, choo.)

Mkojozi, n.

(74'a-)

; one who

232

MKINDIT

cannot or does not control his urine,

one who wets his bed. (Cf. kojoa, and
prec.)
Mkoko, n. (mi-), a kind of mangrove, much used as firewood in Z.,
with a red bark used for dyeing.
(Other kinds arc mkandaa, and mui.)

Mkokoto, n. (mi-), (1) a ngojo, and for sticks bakora,Jtmbo.)

dragging,a hauling, a pull; (2) the
Mkongwo, n. (wa-), an aged, feeble,
mark or trail of something
dragged along. (Cf. kokota, and infirm person. (Cf. kottga, kikongwe,
and syn. msec.)
dist. makokoto.)
Mkoma, n. (1) (wa-), verbal of
koma (which see), one who stops,
ceases, comes to an end; (2) (wa-),
a lepe, one suffering from ukoma
(which see); (3) (mi-), one of the
names by which the Hyphaene
palm is known on the East Coast,
others being mkocfu, rnwaa
(which see).
Mkomafl, n. (mi-), name of a
tree (Carapa moluccensis, Sac.).
The wood is red, and was
formerly much used in Z.
Mkombozi, n. (wa-), one who
ransoms (buys back, gets out of
pawn, recovers a deposit), a
redeemer. (Cf. komboa, ukombozi.)
Mkomwe, n. (mi-), a kind of
climbing plant,the seeds of
which are used as counters in
playing various games. (Cf.
komwe.)

Mkondo, n. (mi-), current, flow,

rush, passage, run, e. g. of water
in a river or poured on the
ground; of air through a door or
window, i. e. draft; of the wake of
a ship, of an animal, i. e. track,
run. Cf. mkondo wa nyasi, a track
through rushes, showing where
people have passed. (Cf. kondo.)
Mkonga, n. (mi-), trunk of an
elephant,in Z. commonly mkono
wa tembo.

Mkongo, n. (mi-), (1) a fibreproducing plant, a kind of hemp

or Sanscvicria, i.e. shubiri la
kufanyia kitani, the fibre being
called ukottge, or uzi wa tnkonge; (a)
a kind of fish.
Mkongojo, n. (mi-), a staff used
as a prop or crutch, for an. old or
weakly j>crson. (Cf. kongoja, uko-

Mkono. n. (mi-), (1) the arm of a

human being, csp. of the lower arm,
and the hand, c.g. mkono hukalwa kali
ya kisigino na mkono, his arm is cut off
between the elbow and hand.

MKATI

232

MKINDIT

method,
&c.)
of
borrowing,
swindling, &c. (Cf. kopa, ukopi, and
Mkono wake waioa Sana, his hand prec.)
gives freely. Pelekea mkono, lay
hands on, arrest. Then (2) of a
Mkorofi, n. {wa-), an evil-minded,
corresponding
member
in malignant, brutal, tyrannical person, a
animals, front paw. Simba monster, a brute. (Cf. -korofi, ukoroji.)
akamkamata mko- noni, the lion
seized him with its paw. (Cf.
Mkoroga, n. {wa-), a stirrer, i.e. (1)
mkono wa tembo, an elephants a maker of discord, an agitator,1
trunk, and mkono (or kikono, kono),
of the tendrils of a plant.) (3) of
what resembles an arm, e.g. as
projecting, mkono wa sufuria, the
handle of a European saucepan,
as spreading, mikono ya mto
(bahari), branches of a river,
creeks of the sea,as grasping,
&c. (4) as a convenient measure,
from finger tips to elbow, a cubit,
same as (Ar.) thiraa, 18 inches, i.e.
double of a span, and half a yard.
Also in various figurative senses,
e.g. mwenyi mkono mrefu, a
thieving, mischievous, cunning
person, a rogue. Mkono wake mzuri,
he is a liberal, 'open-handed
person. Chuo cha mkono, a handy
book;manual. Kupa mkono, to give
the hand, i. e. greet, congratulate,
condole with, assist, take leave,
take an oath, &c. Mkono wa msiba,
condolence in grief. (Cf. kono,
kikono.)
Mkonzo, n. {ini-'). See Konzo.
Mkoo, n. {wa-), a slut, slattern,
a dirty untidy person, male or
female. (Cf. syn. mchafu, and dist.
ukoo, koo.)

Mkopeshi, n. {wa-), one who

supplies goods or capital on credit
for commercial purposes, a
lender, a usurer. (Cf. kopa, v., and
follg.)
Mkopi, n. {wa-), (1) one who
borrows goods or money, e. g. to
trade with on the mainland; (2) a
swindler, impostor, knave. (Cf.
kopa, ukopi, and prcc.)
Mkopo, n. {mi-), act (process,

firebrand; (2) a bluhderer, t

bungler. (Cf. koroga, and follg.,
metal, of a light kiij n as an
and syn. mji- tini.)
ornament. (Contif wa, * 'oro, and for
Mkorogo, n. {mi-), (1) a ornaments cf. urea v ..)
stirring, mashing, mixing of
Mkufunzi, n. {w ), a teacher,
ingredients, &c.; (2) a causing
discord, agitation, disturbance of more usual form for mfunzi. (Cf.
peace, blundering, bungling. (Cf. mfundishi, mwaliiny., and for the
koroga, and prec., also syn .fitina, insertion of kit cf. mkulima.)
sukosuko.)

Mkuki, n. {mi-), a spear. Cho- meka

Mkoromaji, n. {wa-), a regular mkuki, to stick a spear in the ground.
(For the iron head cf. chembe, kengee,
snorer. (Cf. koroma, and prec.)
for the shaft mti, uti, for the butt end
Mkoromo, n. {mi-), a snoring, tako.)
snorting, or similar sound. (Cf.
Mkuku, n. {mi-), the keel,of a
koroma, and follg., and msono.)
boat or ship. (Dist. kuku, a fowl.)
Mkubwa, n. {wa-), (1) a great
Mkule, n. {wa-), a garfish (Str.).
man (in wealth, dignity, power,
&c.);
(2)
chief,
director,
Mkulima, n. {wa-), a tiller of the
responsible head, master, owner.
Huyu ni mkubwa wetu, here is our ground, cultivator, agriculturist, field
master. (C. kubwa, and syn. mkuu, labourer, peasant. (Cf. lima, mli- tnaji,
and for the form mkufunzi,- the ku
msimamizi,% bwana.)
being inserted perh. to distinguish
from mlima, a hill.)
Mkuchyo, n. name of a town
on the Somali coast, north of
Mkumbizi, n. {wa-), one who clears
Mombasa, __ also called
up, makes a sweep of anything, a
Mukdisha ^and c<a.) only
Makdesh or Mag^^ox fbi.tr who tin. gleaner. (Cf. kumba, and follg.)
Mkufu, n. (,<*'*), $r. ''Cf. k. Mkumbo, n. {mi-), a complet

MKUNAZI

235

eclearing out, a clean sweep, a

Mkupuo, n. (mi-), a shaking or
thorough removal, wholesale pushing off, aMLADI
getting rid of, a letting
devastation. (Cf. kumba.)
drop. (Cf. kupua, and kunguta.)
Mkunazi, n. ('-), the jujube
Mkuaanyi, n. (wa-), also Mkutree, bearing a small edible stone- 8&nya, a collector, a gatherer tofruit like a cherry, kunazi.
gether, convener. (Cf. follg.)
Mkunde, n. {mi-), the shrub,
Mkuaanyo, n. (mi-), a collecting,
which produces the common bean gathering, &c. (Cf. kusanya.)
ukundtr, much used in Z.
ori

Mkundu, n.

the

anus,

fice of the bowel.

Mkunga, n. (roa-), (i) a
midwife, but in Z.commonly
mzalishi(c(.kunga, ukunga, kutigu);
(2) a kind of eel, or sea-snake.
Mkungu, n. (mi-),(i) a large tree
bearing a fruit (kungu) resembling
a small apple, but with a large
stone and kernel; (2) the fruitstem or pedicel of a banana plant
carrying the whole head of fruit;
(3) an earthenware dish, used for
cooking, and also its lid, mkungu
wa kufu- tiikia.
(For
other
vessels cf. chungu, chombo.)

Mkunguru, n. also Ukunguru,

the fever which attacks a newcomer at a place, after n change of
residence and diet, sickness of
acclimatization.
Mkung'uto, n. (mi-), a straining
off, a shaking off, a wiping off, a
sifting. (Cf. kunguta, kunguto.)
Mkunjo, n. a folding, a
creasing, a turning over, a fold.
(Cf. kunja.)
Mkuno, n. (mi-), a scratching, a
grating. (Cf. kuna)
Mkuo, n. (mi-), an ingot, lump
or bar of cast or unwrought metal,
pig (of iron), rough casting. (Cf.
mgando, and ? mtago.)

Mkutano, n. (mi-), (1) meeting, climbs, ascends, mounts up. (Cf.

gathering, assemblage, council, kwta.)
committee;
(2)
confluence,
Mkwiro, n. (mi-), a drumstick, used
concurrence,coincidence. M. wa
watu, a meeting. M. wa mito, with some kinds of native drum.
junction of rivers. (Cf. kuta,
Mia, n. (wala), an cater, consumer,
kutana, makutanc.)
devourer,verbal of la, governing a
Mkuto, n. (mi-), (1) a meeting noun. Mia watu, a cannibal. Mia Ico ni
with, a lighting upon, a finding; mlaji, the man who cats to-day (here
(2) ?a fold, like kunjo. Kunja nguo and now) is the real cater. (Cf. la, v.,
mlo, ulafi, ulaji, mlaji.)
mkuto, fold up a dress. (Cf. kuta.)
Mlaanizi, 11. one who curses,
Mkuu, n. (wa-), (1) a great
person (in wealth, position, swears, uses bad language. (Cf. laana,
power, &c.), a grandee; (2) ruler, -laanifti)
head, master, governor, &c. Jl/kuu
Mladi, n. (mi-), a thin piece of
wa genzi, leader of a caravan. (Cf.
-kuu, -kubwa, and syn. bwana,
msimamizi.)

Mkuyu, n. (mi-), the sycamore

of the east, fig-mulberry tree,
producing the fruit kuyu.
Mkwaju, n. (mi-), the tamarind
tree, bearing the fruit ukwaju.
Mkwamba, n. (mi-), a kind of
thorny shrub.
Mkwaruzo, n. (mi-), (1) a scraping, a grating; (2) track or trail of
something scraping along, e. g.
mkwaruzo wa nyoka, the trail of a
serpent. (Cf. kwaruza)
Mkwasi, n. (wa-), a rich man, a
well-to-do opulent person. (Cf.
-kwasi, ukzvasi)

Mkwo, n. (wahve), used of near

connexions by marriage, father
(or mother) in law, son (or
daughter) in law. (Cf. tnwamu,
wifi.)

Mkweme, n. (mi-), a species of

climbing plant.
Mkwoo, n. (1) (mi-), a
climbing, a mounting up or upon
(cf. kwea); (2) for mkwe wako, sec
Mkwo.
Mkwozi, n. (wa-), one who

MKUNAZI
wood,used by a weaver
(mfumi), with which the woof
is tightened after each thread
is inserted. Also called
upanga. (Cf. kitanda cha
rnfunii.)
Mlafi, Mlaji, n. {wa-), an
eater, a consumer, and esp. a
voracious
eater, glutton,
gormandizer. Mlafi is always
an uncomplimentary term.
(Cf. la, v., mla, mlo, ulafi, ulaji.)
Mlala, n. {mi-), one of the
names by which a Hyphaene
palm, or a species of it, is
known. Also the leaf which
furnishes strips for making
mats on for tying. Kisu cha kuchania milala, a knife for
slitting palm leaves. (Cf.
niwaa, mkoche, mkindu.)
Mlamba, n. {wa-), (i) name
of a bird ; (2) verbal of lamba,
one who licks.
Mlango, n. {mi-), (1) door,
doorway, gate; (2) entrance,
means of access, fee for entrance ;
(3) anything resembling a door, e.
g. a pass (in hills and mountains),
a channel (across a bar), a strait,
estuary, mouth of a river; (4) fig.
of a mans relation to his family
or friends, social attitude, circle of
acquaintances, branch of a family.
Mlango wake mzuri, he is a kind,
hospitable, sociable person. Wote
walioko katika mlango wetu, all who
belong to our circle. Penyi wimbi
na mlango nipapo, the channel and
the breaker are close together, i. e.
safety and danger. (Cf. lango,
kilango.)
Native
doors are
commonly of two kinds, (1) a
single door made of pieces of
mwale (i. e. mid-rib of a large
raphia-palm leaf) set side by side
with two cross-pieces passed
through them, making a light
screen, tied or propped in the
doorway; or (2) a double or

235

folding door MLADI

of two boards (ubau)
turning inwards on projecting tongues
of wood fitting in socket holes in the
top and bottom of the frame. One
board carries a centre strip {mfaa) to
cover the * space between the valves
when closed.

The frame consists of side-pieces

Mlimaji, n. {wa-), for the usual
{mwimd) and top and bottom mkulima, cultivator, tiller of the
pieces {kizingiti). Doors in Z. are ground. (Cf. lima.)
often richly carved, and adorned
Mlimau, n. {mi-), the tree bearing
with large brass studs.
lemons {malimau). (Cf. for other
*Mlariba, n. {wa-), a usurer, a varieties mchungwa.)
money-lender. (Ar. Cf. riba, usury,
Mlimbiko, n. {mi-), (1) awaiting for
interest, and syn. faida. The first
syllable is perh. mla, one who something, taking turns, a turn
eats, consumes.)
Mlazi, n. {wa-), bed-attendant,
bed-fellow. (Cf. lala.)
Mle, (1) adv. there within,
like kule,pale\ (2) form of the
pronominal adj. -/<?, that,
agreeing with a noun in the
locative form, e. g. nyumbani mle,
in that house (cf. yule); (3)
subjunct. 2 Pers. P. of la, (that)
you may eat.
Mleo, n. {mi-), reeling,
staggering, unsteady gait. Also
Mleoleo, of uncertain wavering
movement. (Cf. lea, and follg.)
Mlevi, n. {wa-), a drunkard, a
drunken person. (Cf. lea, levya,
and prec.)
Mlezi, n. {wa-), one engaged in
the rearing or training of children,
a nurse, governess, tutor. Also
name of a disease, scrofula (Sac.).
Mlezo, n. for Mwelezo. (See
Chelezo, and cf. elea.)
Mlia, n. {mi-), a stripe (line,
band) of colouring. Used in plur.
as adj. Ptmda milia, zebra.
Mlilana, n. {mi-), name of a
shrub.
Mlima, n. {mi-), a mountain,
high hill, long steep ascent.
Milima, milima mingi, a mountain
range. Mlima mrefu (mkubwa), a
high mountain. (Cf. kilima, and
Mrima, the name of the coast
district opposite and south of
Zanzibar.)

MKUNAZI

235

Mliaha, Mlishi, n. (wa-), one who

feeds or has MLADI
the care of animals or
(in waiting); (2) a store, stock, re- other creatures. (Cf. la, lisha, malisha,
serve, treasure. Mlimbiko wa fetha, and follg.)
a* reserve of funds. (Cf. limbika,
and syn. mngojo, zarnu.)
Mlimi, n. (wa-), a fluent,
babbling, talkative person. (Cf.
ulimi, and syn. msemi, mwenyi do
mo.)

Mlimo, n. (mi-), (1) tillage,

husbandry,
agriculture,
cultivation;
(2)
results
of
cultivation, i.e. crops, produce.
(Cf. lima, mkulima, kilitno.)
Mlimwengu, n. (wa-), (1) an inhabitant of the world, and (2) esp.
a man of the world, a worldly
man. Mlimwengu tii mwanawc, a
mans hopes (chief worldly
interest) are his child. (Cf.
ulimwengu, mali- mwetigu.)

Mlingoti, n. (mi-), mast,of a

vessel. M. wa rnaji, bowsprit. M.
wa mbele, foremast,also wa
omoni. M. wa kalme, mizzen-mast.
The mast rests on the false keel
(msitamu) and is fixed by a crossbeam (fundo) and two longitudinal
timbers (mwashiri). (Cf. chombo.)
Mlinzi, n. (wa-), guardian, protector, keeper, guard, watchman,
sentinel, See. (Cf. linda, ttlinzi.)
Mlio, n. (mi-), a sound,in the
widest sense, a cry, a note,
weeping. Used of all kinds of
objects, animate and inanimate,
yielding a sound. M. wa mtoto, a
childs crying. M. wa simba, a
lions roar. M. wa bunduki, the
report of a gun. M. wa ndege, a
birds singing. Agoma ya milio
saba, a drum with seven notes.
(Cf. lia, lio, kilio.)
Mlipizi, n. (wa-), one who
pays, one who causes to pay.
Mlipizi kisasi, an avenger. (Cf. li/a,
malipo.)

Mlisho, n. (mi-), (1) a feeding,

giving food, rearing, supporting.
M. wa sarnaki, baiting for hsh. M.
wa mshipi, putting bait on the
fishingline, bait. (2) native name
for the month called in Arab.
Shaaban, i. e. the month before
Ramathan. (Cf. la, lisha, and prec.)

Mlungula, n. (wa-), a blackmailer,

an extortioner, a robber. Also,
blackmail, bribe extorted. (Cf. bongo,
rushwa.)

Mmea, n. (mi-), anything possessing

vegetable life, or growth resembling
it, plant, shoot, sucker, sprout, &c.
Mimea, vegetation,in eneral. (Cf.
Mliwa, n. (mi-), a tree with fra- mea, and syn. ota, ua, mmelea).
.
grant aromatic wood. (Cf. liwa,
Mungo, n. (mi-), act of breaking off
sandali.)
a piece or portion of food, with
*Mlizomu, n. (mi-), a spout for fingers or teeth. (Cf. mega, me go.)
carrying water off a house-top, or
Mmelea, n. (mi-), that which grows
eaves. Commonly called kopo.
at (in, on) some place or thing, a
Mlizi, n. (wa-), one who cries creeper, a parasite shrub. (Cf. mea,
or makes a noise, a child who is kimelca.)
always crying, a ranter, a loud*Mmnadi, n. (wa-), also Mnadi, an
mouthed orator. (Cf. lia, ulizi.)
auctioneer, salesman, broker, hawker
Mlomo, n. (mi-), a variant of of goods for sale, public crier, (Ar. Cf.
mdomo (which see).
mnada, dalali.)
Mlongo, n. (mi-), a variant of
Mmoja, n. one man, a man, a
mwongo (which see).
person, a certain man. See -moja.
Mlozi, n. (1) (mi-), an almond Mmumunyo, n. (mi-), the plant
tree, producing the almond nut,
lozi. ( A T . ) (2)
(wa-),
wizard, producinga kind ofgourd (mumunye),
like a vegetable marrow. The outer
sorcerer, for
rind, when dry and hard, is used as a
the more usual mchawi. (Cf. logo, vessel for fluids. (Cf. boga, buyu.
ttlozi.)

MMUNINA

)Mmunina, n. (wa-), a true be-

238

MNGARIZO

Mnaso, n. (mi-), (1) a catching,

liever, i.e. a Mahommedan. (Ar. holding, hampering; (2) difficulty,
Cf. imam, amini, mwamini.)
hitch, trap, impediment. (Cf. nasa,
Mmvita, n. (WA-), an inhabitant of
Mvita, i. e. Mombasa.
Mna, verb-form, (i) there is
(within) (cf. m, na, and mna, pana);
(2) you (plnr.) have. (Cf. nina, una,
8cc.)

*Mnada, n. (), an auction,

sale, public notice. Mnadani, a
saleroom, place of auction. Tia
mnadani, put up for sale. Mnada wa
Sultani unanadiwa, a proclamation
of the Sultan is being made. (Ar.
Cf. follg.)
*Mnadi, v. also Nadi, sell by
auction, put up for sale, hawk
about the streets. Ps. mnadiwa. (Ar.
Cf. tembeza.)
*Mnafiki, n. (wa-), a hypocrite,
pretender, impostor, liar. (Ar. Cf.
unafiki, and cf. mwongo, mjanja, ay
art.)

Mnajimu, 11. (wa-),

astrologer. (Ar. Cf. unajimti.)

an

*Mnajisi, n. (wa-), an unclean,

foul person, one who is profane in
conduct or speech. (Ar. Ci.unajisi,
najisi, and syn. mchafu.)
Mnana, n. (wa-), (1) a small
yellowish bird, building in
colonies on cocoanuts and other
palms; (2) a substance used as a
yellow dye for the leaf strips
(ukili) used for plaiting mats.
Mnanaa, n. (mi-), mint. (Ar.
Cf. nanaai)
*Mnanasi,
n.
(mi-),
the
pineapple plant,the fruit being
nanasi. (Hind.)
*Mnasara, n. (wa-) and Mnasarani,
Nazarene,used
of
Christians by Mahommedans.
(Cf. -masihiya.)

mgogoro, kizuizo, mtego.)

Mnazi, n. (mi-), cocoanut tree,

which grows in great numbers
in Zanzibar, and the adjacent
islandsand coast, and next to
cloves is the most important
commercial product, as well as
the most useful for local purposes.
The tree-stem is little used, except
for stout posts or props, but when
cut down the soft nutty substance
at the top, from which the leaves
and blossoms grow, is eaten as a
delicacy (moyo wa mnazi, kilelc or
kichelema cha mnazi). The other
principal parts and products are
the leaf kuti, fruit nazi, fibre kumvi,
and sap called tembo. (See kuti,
&c.) The trees are distinguished
as mkinda, i. e. young, not yet
bearing, mume male, and mke
female. (See further under the
words mentioned above. Various
kinds of palm are mkindu, mwaa,
mpopoo, mvumo, mchikichi, mtende,
mwale.)

speaker, a professional orator, an

eloquent person. (Cf. nena, and
msemaji, msemi.)

Mnenea, n. (wa-), (1) a pleader,

interceder, one who speaks for or to
the advantage of another; (2) a critic,
opponent, one who speaks against or
in rebuke of another. (Cf. nena, and
prec.)
Mnevu, n. See Mnyefu.
Mngao, n. (mi-), (1) brightness,
blaze, lustre, glare; (2) fig. clearness,
perspicuity. Mngao wa maneno,
lucidity of statement. (Cf. ng'aa, and
follg.)
Mngariza, n. (wa-), with or without
macho,one who has glowing, glaring
eyes, and so to the native- mind one
suspected of sorcery, malignity, evil
intent. So also fling*arizo, gleaming,
glaring, glitter. (Cf. ngariza.)

Mnena, n. (wa-), one who Mngarizo, n. (mi-), likemng*ao,

speaks, or who has the power of glitter, gleam, glare, radiance, &c. M.
speech. (Cf. follg.)

wa macho, glowing, radiant look, or,

Mnenaji, Mneni, n. (wa-), a glaring, gleaming eyes. (Cf. ng'aa.

f i l N Q A Z I J A Mngazij

MNYEO

part,
as
opp.
to
bone, i. c.

a, n. (wa-), a native of
the Great Comoro Island. ( nyarna tuju, all meat.
Anzwani, Moalli, Mao/we are other
Mnong'onozi, Mnongoni, n.
islands in the group.)
(wa-), a whisperer. (Cf. follg.)
Mng*oaji, n. (wa-), one who
Mnong'ono,
n.
(mi-),
digs out, roots up, extracts, &c.
Mng'oaji wa mono, a dentist. (Cf. whispering, a whisper. (Cf.
uong'ona.)
ngoa.)
Mngoja, n. (wa-), also Mngoje,
and Mgoja, -e, one who waits at a
place (occupies a station,is on
guard), sentinel, guard, keeper.
Mngoja mlango, hall-porter, doorboy, gatekeeper. (Cf. ngoja, and
follg., and syn. tnlinzi.)
Mngojozi, n. (wa-), keeper,
caretaker, guardian, watchman.
(Cf. ngoja, and prec.)
Mng'ongo, n. (mi-), name of a
tree.
Mnguri, n. (mi-), a shoemakers
mallet. (Cf. msho/ii.)
Mngurumizi, n. (wa-), one who
grumbles, growls. (Cf. tigurtima.)
Mngwana, n. (wa-), one who is
not a slave, a free (civilized,
educated) person, gentleman, lady.
Mngwana ni kitendo, a free man
can* act (while a slave can only
talk). (Cf. ungwana, kiungwana, and
contr. mtumwa.)
Mnjugu, n. (mi-), the plant producing the ground-nut njugu. (Also
njugu, of the plant.)
Mno, adv. very much, too
much, excessively, exceedingly,
beyond measure. Sometimes
combined with other adverbs of
similar meaning, sana mno, mno
ajabu,
very
exceedingly,
wonderfully much.
Mnofu, n. flesh, meat, fleshy

Mnuna, Mmmaji. Mnuni, n.

(wa-), a grumbler, one who com-

plains (sulks, is discontented). (Cf.

follg.)
/

Mnunda, n. (mi-), a semi-wild

town cat. (C i.paka.)

Mnuno, n. (mi-), grumbling, disMnyamwezi, n. (wa-), one of

content, complaint, sulkiness. (Cf. the Nyamwezi tribe, living on the
ntma, and prec.)
mainland west of Zanzibar, and
largely used as porters to and from
Mnunuzi, n. (wa-), a buyer, cus- the coast. Used as a term of
tomer, purchaser. (Cf. nunna, contempt by coast people.
ununuzi.)

Mnyaa, n. (mi-), one of the

names by which the Hyphaene
palm
is
known,commonly
mwaa (which see).

Mnyanganyi, n. (wa-), robber,

thief, highwayman, burglar. Commonly implies a larger scale of
action than mwizi, which includes
mere petty thieving or pilfering.
(Cf. nyang- anya, unyang'anyi, and

Mnyakuzi, n. (wa-), a snatcher, mwizi.)

pilferer,
thief,
shop-lifter,
pickpocket. (Cf. nyakua, and syn.
Mnyanyn, n. (mi-), the plant
mwizi.)
bearing the tomato (nyanya).
Mnyama, n. (wa-), (i) an animal,
a beast. Also fig. (2) having the
characteristics of an animal, a
stupid fool, a brute, a beast. But
commonly nyarna is used in both
senses. (Cf. nyarna, ndama.
Mnyama, a riddle, is seldom used
in Z.)

Mnyefu, n. (mi-), and Mnefti,

damp, wet, moisture, dampness.
(Cf. nya, -nytfu, and syn. rntuba,

Mnyampara, n. (wa-), head of a

body of men (caravan, expedition,
army), or of a part of it, headman,
whether of porters or armed
guard. (Cf. mkuu wa genzi,

Mnyeo, 11. (mi-), a tickling, pricking, itching sensation, a creeping

feeling, craving. Mnyeo wa njaa, the
pricks, pangs of hunger. Als

msimamizi.)

maji, uloefu, cbejecheje.')

Mnyeuyekoo, n. deference, a
humble attitude, reverence, &c.
(Cf. nyenyekea.)

MOLA

241

m,the

MOYO

either denoting
of prurience. (Cf. nyea, and reference or relative distance, in
there, or else giving it the force
kinyefu, nyegi.)
of a relative pronoun, in which.
Mnyimo,
n.
(mi-),
a (See Mu, M, and -o.) Mo (1)
withholding, refusal, prohibition. forms part of the demonstr. adv.
humo, and mumo (which see); (2)
(Cf. nyi?na.)
affixed to ndi- and personMnyiri, n. (mi-), also Mnyiriri, prefixes, and the verb -wa or its
and Mngiri, arm, tentacle, feeler, equivalents, has a demonstrative
of the cuttle-fish pweza (and force, with general or usually
similar creatures ?). Commonly local reference, in there, to (or,
from) inside there, e. g. yumo, he
mkono wa pweza.
is in there. Ndimo alimo, that is
Mnyofu, n. (wa-), a straight- where he is (in). Mi mi simo, I am
forward,
honest,
upright, not in it, i. e. I have nothing to do
trustworthy person. See -nyofu, with it.
Unyofu.
( 3 ) in verb-forms generally
is the form of relative
Mnyonge, n. (wa-), a humble,
pronoun referring to
abject, low, debased person.
place within which,
Mnyonge msonge, name of a kind of
e.g. ndimo akaamo, that
musical entertainment or concert,
is the place he lives in.
in which the performers are
Hamna ! hamna ! ndi?no
women, forming a kind of club.
mliwamo, Nothing in
(Cf. -nyonge, unyonge.)
that! nothing in that!
Mnyororo,n.
(mi-),
also
thats where there is
Mnyoro, Mnyoo, (i) a chain, used
something (to be) eaten.
commonly for securing prisoners,
Mo as a separate word
slaves, &c., hence (2) fetters,
only appears in such a
prison, confinement, gaol. Tia
phrase as mo mote, in
mnyororo, or mnyororoni, imprison,
whatever
place,,
put under arrest. Sometimes (3)
wherever. (Cf. mu, mwa,
intestinal worm, but commonly
humo, ?numo.)
chango. (Cf. kifungo, pingu, mti kati,
Moalli, n. the island Mohilla in
mkatale, and contr. mkufu, light
the Comoro group.
'
ornamental chain.)
o

*Mofa, n. (1) a small, hard,

Mnyozi, n. (wa-), a barber,
round cake of millet (mtama)
commonly kinyozi (which see).
meal; (2) a cooking oven of burnt
Mnyunyo,n.(-), a sprinkling, clay.
of liquid, scent, &c. (Cf.
Moga, n. (waoga), coward, for
nyunyiza, manyunyo, and mar as hi.)
muoga, mwoga (which see). (Cf.
Mnywa, Mnywaji, n. (wa-), oga, ogopa.)
verbal of nywa (see Nya), one who
Moja, also Moji, Mosi, Moya,
drinks, a drinker, i.e. of any fluid.
Mnywa maji, a water - drinker. (the number) one, one as an
Mnywa potube ,a beer-drinker. (Cf. abstract. Kumi na moja, ten and
one, eleven. Moja kwa ?noja,
nya, kinwa, kinywaji.)
straight on, continuously, without
-mo is the same element as mu, a break. Njia inakwenda moja kwa

moja, the road goes straight on.

Barra na poli moja kwa moja, desert
and forest without a break. Mia
kwa moja, one per cent.

-moja, a. (same with D 5 (S), D

6), (1) one, a single, a certain, an
individual ; (2) one in kind,
similar, identical; (3) one in
feeling, agreeing, harmonious, of
one mind. Mtu ?n?noja, an
individual, a certain man. Nguo
moja, the same kind of cloth. Moyo
7?imoja,
concord, harmony,so

Aloshi wa moto, the smoke of a fire.

Aloshi unasimama, the smoke rises
straight up. Alerikcbu ya moshi, a
steamship. (Cf. ota, moto, and syn.
mvuke, masizi.)

Mosi, n. (the number) one. -a

rnosi, first, but -a kwanza is usual.
Jttmaa mosi {Junta ya mosi), Saturday,as being the first day after
Friday, which is observed by the
Mahommcdans as Sunday. See
Juma. (Cf. moja, and Ar. wahedi.)

Moskiti, n. also Meskiti, Maihali 77ioja, shauri moja. Namna moja

7ia kite, the same pattern as that kiti, a mosque, the Mahommcdan
one. Various plural forms occur,
e.g. vitu vingi vimoja, many single,
separate, single things ; watu si
wa77iojaf people are not all alike.
Mtu na mwanawe, watu wamoja
7naskini, a man and his son, both
equally poor. Afamoja, .often with
yote or pia added, all one, all the

place of worship. (There arc great

numbers in Zanzibar city and island,many being merely native
houses of sticks, mud, and thatch,
with a barrel or large vessel of
water near the door. In the city
they arc mostly of stone, plain in
architecture and ornamentation,
only one with a minaret, and only
one of large size. Each has its
mwalimu, or official teacher, and
mwathini, or crier, a cistern for
ablutions, and for the most part a
distinct congregation of members
of the same nation, sect, or class.
Aloskiti is a form of masgidi,
mesjidi, cf. sttjttdu.)

same, all alike, to express

indifference. Afamoja kwangtt, its
all one to me, I do not care, never
mind. (Cf. haithurtt.) -mojawapo,
any one whatever. -moja-moja, one
by one, singly, individually, so
vimoja. Pantoja is used as an adv.,
all together, with one voice,
unanimously, at one time (or,
place). (Cf. most, and Ar. wahedi,
Mote, a. and Mwote, form of
which is also commonly used in
ote, all,agreeing with nouns
counting.)
having the locative termination
Mola, n. a title of God, Lord. -ni, e. g. m jini mote, in the whole
town. (Cf. -ote, kote, pole.)
(Ar, Cf. Alunngu, Rabbi.)

Moto, n. {mioto), (1) fire,

flame, a fire, a conflagration; (2)
heat, warmth, inflammation,
temperature ; (3) fig* zeal, ardour,
energy, vehemence, martial spirit,
fierceness. Fa- ttya m., make a fire.
PVasha m., light a fire. Pekecha m.,
light a fire by means of firesticks.
Mombee, n. Bombay.
Pata m., get hot. Ota (koia) m., sit
by a fire, warm oneself. Choma
Moris, n. Mauritius.
(pasha) m., or kwa m., set fire to,
heat, cook with fire. Chochca m.,
Moshi, n. {mi-), (i) smoke, stir the fire. Zima (zimisha) m., put
steam ; (2) soot, lamp-black. out the fire. Prov. dawaya moto tti
Mombasa, n. the Arab name
of the island and town of
Mombasa, about 120 miles north
of Zanzibar. The native name is
Alvita. (There is also a village
called Mombasa in Zanzibar near
the town.)

MOLA

241

moto, fire must be met with fire.

Akajisifu moto, he boasted of his
martial prowess. -a moto, hot,
warm, energetic, fiery, &c. Kazi
moto, strenuous, eager work.
Aiajiya moto, (1) hot water ; (2) a

MOYO

Mpagazi, n. (wa-), carrier,

bearer, caravan-porter. Nikawapa
wapa- gazi upagazi wao, I gave the
porters their wages. (Cf. pagaa,
upagazi, and syn. mchukuzi, ham
alii)

large red ant, living in trees, is so

Mpaji, n. (wa-), donor, giver,
called. (Cf. ota, moshi. Fire- sticks
are seldom seen in Z.,matches benefactor, a generous, liberal
being very cheap, and embers person. But esp. of God, e. g.
mpaji wa kupa ni Muungu, the real
easily obtainable.)
(only) Giver is God,also called
Moyo, n. (ntioyo, also nyoyo as mpaji asiyepewa, He who always
if from ttoyo), (1) the heart (the gives and never receives. (Cf. fa,
physical organ) ; (2) the heart, upaji,
kipaji,
and
-karimu.
feelings, soul, mind, will, self; (3)
Dist. paji, kipaji,
inmost part, core, pith, centre; (4)
courage, resolution, presence of forehead, temple.)
mind;
Mpaka, n. (mi-), boundary,
( 5 ) special favourite, chief limit, border, term. Piga (weka) m.,
delight.
Uttichinje fix a boundary, lay down a limit.
utauona moyo wangu, kill Ruka m., trespass, break bounds.
inc and you will
find Mpaka mmoja, adjacent, bordering,
my heart. Jipa m'iPign m. adjoining. Also used as prep., up
kotnie, take heart, pluck to, to, as far as, till, until, to the
up courage. Tia (sirnika, time of, like hatta. Akafika mpaka
kata'* m encourage, kwelu, he came as far as our
cheer, hearten. Shuka m., country. Nikae mpaka lini? How
be
depressed.
Af. long am I to stay? (Cf. paka, v.,
mchaehe,
lack
of pakana, also upeo. Dist. paka, with
courage, a faint heart. other meanings.)
Alimi moyo wangtt nataka,
Mpaka, Mpaki, n. (wa-), verbal
I really desire it- Af. wa
jipu, the core of an ab- of paka, a plasterer, a painter; also
scess. Afoyo wa rnnazi, mpaka chokaa, mpaka rangi.

the soft nutty core at the

top of a cocoanut tree,
from which leaves and
blossoms grow,eaten
as a delicacy. Moyo wa
kanzu, the part of a kanzn
over the chest. Huyu
ndiye moyo wake, this is
his great pet. -a moyo,
voluntary, willing. Sema
(fanya) kwa moyo, speak
(act)
voluntarily,
readily. Also sema kwa
moyo, say by rote, repeat
without a book or reminder. (Cf. roho, nafsi,
and mtima.')

Mpakato, n. (mi-), something

applied, stuck on, e. g. a patch, a
bandage. (Cf. pakata, paka, v.)
Mpakizi, n. (wa-), a shipper, a
stevedore, one who sees goods or
freight put on board. (Cf. pakiai)
Mpako, n. (mi-), a plastering,
plaster. Mpako wa rangi, applying
paint, painting. (Cf. paka.)
Mpalio, n. (mi-), (i) a rising in
the throat or nostril, a choke ; (2)
a hoeing up the soil among
growing crops. (Cf. paa, palia.)

Mpamba, n. (mi-), (1) the plant

producing cotton,pamba', (2)
(wa-), verbal of pamba, one who
adorns. (Cf. pamba, and follg.)

arranging, setting in order,

placing in line, marshalling (cf.
panga,
and
syn.
andika.
Dist.pango). (2) act (terms,
method, &c.) of hiring, renting,
Mpambaji, n. (wa-), an under- letting, &c. (Cf. panga, kuchisha.)
taker, one of the professional
attendants who with the mwosha
Mpanzi, n. (wa-), a planter, a
prepares a dead body for burial,
using such things as pamba, dalia,
manukato, mavukizo, sanda, mkeka
wa pamba. (Cf. pamba.)

Mpambano, n. (mi-), a meeting,

colliding,
confronting,
an
encounter. (Cf. pambana.)
Mpambe, n. (wa-), a person
dressed up, bedecked with
ornaments, in a showy costume,
esp. of a female attendant on a
chief at certain ceremonials,
maid-of-honour. (Cf. follg.)
Mpambi, n. (wa-), a decorator,
of house, person, &c., e.g. a
ladys maid.
(Cf.
pamba,
v.)
Mpanda, n. (wa-), verbal of
panda, (1) one who climbs, a
climber ; (2) one who plants, a
planter. Also Mpandaji, Mpandi.
Also (3) (mi-), a forked branch or
stick,such as is used for a
slave-stick. See Kongwa.
Mpande, n. (mi-), piece, part,
side. Rarely used. (Cf. upande,
kipande, pande.)

Mpando, n. (mi-), (1) a

climbing, mounting up, ascent.
Inchiya mpando, rising ground. (2)
act (process, method, &c.) of
planting, time or season of
planting. Also of a row or line of
plants, cuttings, seeds, &c., e. g.
mipando kumi ya jnuhindi, ten rows
of Indian corn. (Cf. panda,
mpanzi.)

Mpango, n. (mi-), (1) act (process, manner, time, &c.) of

sower. (Cf. panda, rnpando. Dist.

panzi, grasshopper.)

MOLA

241

Mpapai, n. (mi-), the tree

which bears papaw-fruit (papai).
The leaves and juices rubbed on
meat make it tender, and are so
used
by
cooks.
Digestive
preparations are now made from
it.

MOYO

investigates,
reconnoitres,
examines, &c.; (2) a spy, scout,
tracker, eavesdropper. (Cf.
peleleza.)

Mpenda, Mpendi, n. (wa-),

verbals of penda, one who
loves, likes, intends, &c., a
Mpapatiko, n. (mi-), fluttering, lover. Mpendwa (wa-), one who
throbbing. (Cf. papa/ika.)
is loved. (Cf. penda, mapenda,
mpettzi, upendo.)
Mpapuro,
n.
(mi-),
a
scratching, a scratch, esp. with
Mpenyezi, n. (wa-), (1) one
nails or claws. (Qi.papura, and mtai, who introduces, causes to enter
rnfuo, rnkuno.)
or penetrate, brings in, and esp.
in an underhand secret way,
Mparamuzi, n. (mi-), name of a hence (2) a traitor, smuggler,
tree difficult to climb. Mti pin illicit trader, secret agent, one
umcpanda, huu ndio mparamuzi, you who gives bribes. Mpenyezo, a
have climbed every kind of tree, bribe. (Cf. penya, upenyezi.)
but this is a puzzler (? Bombax
Ceiba).
Mpenzi, n. (wa-), (1) one
who is beloved, a dear favourite
Mparuzi, n. (wa-), one who person; (2) one who loves, a
does not work smoothly, a lover, as mpendi. Cf. mapenzi,
bungler. (Cf. paruza.)
active love, inclination, will,
see Mapenda. Mpenzi hana
Mparuzo, n. (mi-), a scraping, and
, (1) the object of
rough work, bungling, &c. (Cf. kinyongo
affection has no defect, causes
prec.)
no scruples; (2) a lover sees no
Mpasi, n. (wa-), one who gets, defects. (Cf. penda, upenzi.)
one who makes money, a rising
Mpepea, n. (mi-), a light
ambitious man, a prosperous breeze,
i.e. upepo
merchant. (Cf. pa/a, pato, and syn. mpepea, aa zephyr,
breeze that fans.
tajiri, mktvasi.)
(Cf.pef>ea, upepo,pepeo.)
Mpatanishi, n. (wa-), a peaceMpepetaji,n.
(zra-),also
maker, reconciler, one who brings Mpotaji,
who sifts or
people to terms, settles quarrels winnows one
grain, &c. (Cf.
and difficulties, a negotiator. (Cf. pe/>e/a.)
>
patana, and msuluhishi.)
Mpera,
n.
(mi-), tne tree that
Mpato, n. (mi-), (i) verbal of bears the guava fruit, pera.
pa/a, a getting, a procuring, &c.; Mpera wa kizungu, the rose-apple
(2) a float used for showing the tree. Another variety is the
position of a fishing-net, and m/ofaa.
keeping it extended; (3) ? lattice,
trellis- work (Str.).
Mpetaji, n. (wa-), for
Mpekecho, n. (mi-), (1) a twirl- mpepe/aji.
ing, a stirring; (2) a disturbance,
Mpevushi, n. (wa-), a
agitation, fomenting of discord. corrupter of morals, esp. of the
(Cf. pckecha, upekeeho.)
young, lit. one who ripens,
Mpekuzi, n. (wa-), one who
picks and scratches (like a fowl),

brings to maturity, forces growth. guno.)

(Cf. pevua, -peau, and komaa.)
Mpigo, n. (mi-), act (mode,
&c.) of striking. (Cpigo.)
Mpiga, n. (wvz-), verbal of
piga, in all its manifold uses, one Mpikaji, n. (wa-), a cook, a prowho strikes, &c. Sec Piga.
fessional cook, head cook. (Cf.
Mpiganisho, n. (mi-), collision, pika, mpishi, and follg.
encounter, conflict. (Cf.piga, upi-

MPIKO

)Mpiko, n. {mi-), (i) stick or

pole to carry or sling loads on; (2)
act (process, method, &c.) of
cooking, including mkaango,
mchomo, mtokoso, mwoko. See Pika.

244

MPUNGA

roots of trees. The natives make

up the sap into balls of about
three inches diam. for sale. (Cf.
mbungo,
mloria.)

Mpilipili, n. {mi-), the plant

Mpishi, n. {wa-), a cook. (Cf.
producing capsicums (pilipili), the pika, pikisha, upishi. Dist. pisha, Cs.
red- pepper plant. (Cf. pilipili.)
of pita, and pishi, a measure.)
Mpimo, n. {mi-), (1) act (mode,
Mpofu, n. {wa-), an eland. Also
means, &c.) of measuring; (2) (from -pofu), a blind person, blind,
payment for measuring. (Cf. pima, i. e. mtu mpofu wa macho. (Cf.
kipimo.)
-pofu, pofua. And for various
antelopes cf. paa, n.)
Mpindani, n. (wa-), a person
bent or crooked by stiffness or
Mpokezi, n. {wa-), one who redisease. (Cf. pinda, and follg.)
ceives, a receiver, recipient. (Cf.
pokea, and mkabithi.)
Mpindano, n. {nii-\ a bending
together, a stiffening. Mp. wa mshiMponda, n. {wa-), verbal
pa, cramp. (Cf. pinda, and syn. ofponda, one who crushes, breaks
kiharusi.)
to pieces. Mponda mali, a
spendthrift, prodigal.
Mpinduzi, n. {wa-), one who
turns things upside down, a
Mpondo, n. {mi-), a pole for
revolutionist, a disturber of peace. pushing a vessel in shallow water,
(Cf. pinda, pindua.)
a punting-pole. (Cf. ponda, also
pondo, kipondo.)
Mpingani, n. {wa-), an obstructor, a stubborn opponent. (Cf.
Mpopoo, n. (mi-), the areca
pinga.)
palm,
bearing
the
betelnut,.popoo, which is always in
Mpingo, n. {mi-), the ebony great request for chewing. See
tree.
Popoo, Tambuu, Uraibu.
Mpini, n. {mi-), a handle, haft,
Mposa, n. {wa-), a suitor, one
of an instrument, such as who makes proposals of marriage
knife, sword, tool. (Cf. kipini. to parents. (Cf. posa, and follg.)
Other kinds are called (1) mkono,
e.g. projecting handle of a
Mposo, n. {mi-), proposal of
saucepan; (2) ntambo, e.g. handle marriage, wooing. {Ci.posa,
of a bucket.)
andprec.)
Mpira, n. {mi-), (1) a tree proMpotezi, n. {wa-), one who
ducing india-rubber; (2) the spoils, ruins, corrupts, misleads,
substance india-rubber; (3) a ball destroys, perverts, &c. (Cf. potea,
of india- rubber, and hence a ball -potevu, and follg., and syn.
of any material,used of a mwangamizi.)
cricket- or foot-ball, and extended
to any games of ball. Gema mpira,
Mpoto, n. {wa-), and more
draw off the sap from an india- commonly Mpotofu, Mpotoe,
rubber tree. Mpira wa ku- ponda, wrongheaded, wilful, perverse,
india-rubber got by boiling the wayward,
headstrong,

unprincipled,contr.
of
mwongofu, and described as mtu
asiyeongoka, a man who does not
go the right way; asiyeshika akili za
mtu mwingine, one who never
listens to others. (Cf. potoa, and

a square, a rectangle, a right

angle. Also of squares laid out for
planting, garden beds. -a miraba
mititie, rectangular. Mtu wa miraba
mittne, a square- built, stout man.
Piga miraba ka- tika shamba, lay out
potea.)
beds for cultivation on an estate.
(Ar. Cf. robo, droba. Also in Ar.
Mpozi, n. {wa-), one who mraba means jam, preserve.)
cures, a physician,a title which
is usually ascribed to God. Mpozi
*Mrabaha, n. {mi-), royalty, fee
ni Muungu, God is the real paid to a chief by a trader for
physician. Doctors are usually right of trading in a place. (Ar. Cf.
called mganga, tabibu, daktari. (Cf. rabbi.)
poa, pona, poza.)

MTpumbafu, n. {wa-), a fool, a

dupe, described as mtu aseyiweza
kitfanyiza kazi ya nafsi yake, a man
who has not th$ wits to do what
he sets himself to do. (Cf. pumbaa,
-pumbafu, and syn. mjinga, bara-

Mrodi, n. (mi-), intention,

plan, resolve. (Ar. Cf. nia, shauri,
azima, kusudi.)

Mrama, n. also Mramma,

Mra- maa, pitching, tossing,
rolling,the motion of a ship at
sea, c.g. m. wa chombo. Enda m.,
thuli.)
roll, toss, pitch, &c.,of a ship.
Mpunga, n. {mi-), the rice (Ar. Cf. suko- stiko.)
plant, and rice while still growing
Mrao, n. (mi-), fuse for a gun,
or in the husk. (When husked it is
match for lighting the powder in a
called
matchlock,a small twisted bit
mchele, when cooked in the of combustible fibre from a
ordinary way wali.) .
. suitable tree. Buttduki ya mrao, a
matchlock gun. (Cf. utarnbi.)
Mpungate, n. ( * ) , a kind of
cactus (Str.).
Mrashi, n. (mi-), a longnccked glass or metal bottle or
Mpuzi, n. (wa-), one who is flask, used for sprinkling scent.
foolish, flippant, careless, loose, (Ar. Cf. tnarathi.)
in conduct, conversation, &c., a
gossip, flirt, babbler, gad-about.
Mrejaa, n. and Mregaa. Bei ya
(Cf. -puziy upuzi, puza.)
mrejaa, trading by commission,
i.e. with goods lent for sale, and
Mpwa, n. (wa-), sisters child, returnable if not sold. (Ar., lit.
nephew, niece, and ? cousin. (Not returning. Cf. rejea, and kopa,
often in Z.)
ukopi.)
Mpweke, n. (w>-), (i) a short
Mrenaha, n. (mi-), the thornthick stick, cudgel, bludgeon (cf. apple tree (Str.).
*
kibarango, and for other sticks
bakora, Jimbo). (2) a. See -pweke.
Mreno, n. (wa-), a Portuguese.
(Cf. -reno.)
Mpya, a. See -pya.
Mrera, n. lines of ornamental
*Mraba, n. (;;;*') and stitching on the collar of a kattzu,
Mrabba, what is fourfold, square, usually of red silk. See Kanzu.

MPIKO

244

MPUNGA

Mrihani, n. basil (the for trading, war, &c. Andika

aromatic herb). (Ar. Cf. rihani, (tengeneza,
panga)
msafara,
manu- kato.)
organize an expedition. (Ar. Cf.
safiri, safari, and follg.)
Mrija, n. {mi-), a small kind of
reed,often usea as a pipe (for
*Msafiri, n. (wa-), a traveller
drinking with, musical, &c.), and (by sea or land), wayfarer,
so (2) a pipe, tube, piping.
voyager. (Ar. Cf. prec., and syn.
Mrima, n. and Merima, name
of the strip of coastland opposite
and south of Zanzibar, with its
own dialect of Swahili called
Kimrima. The people also are
described as Wa- mrima. (Perh.
cf. mlima, i. e. the hill-country,
rising from the coast inland.)

mpitaji, mtembezi, abiria.)

Msahafu, n. (mi-), a book

(blank, written, or printed), esp.
the Coran, the Book, the
Mahommedan Bible. Also page or
leaf of a book, i.e. karatasi ya chuo
kitupu, kisicho- andikwa, page of a
blank book not written in. (Ar.
sahifat, a page, layer. Cf. kitabu,
Mrithi, n. (wa-), an heir, chuo.)
legatee, inheritor. (Ar. Cf. rithi,
urithi, warithi.)
*M8ahau, n. (wa-), one who
forgets, a forgetful person. (Ar.
Mrithia, n. (wa-), a pleasant, Cf. sahau, -sahaulifu.)
affable, amiable person. (Ar. Cf.
rat hi, urathi.)
*Msaji, n. (mi-), the teak tree,
teak
wood,imported
to
Mr.thiahi.
..
(:ia-),an Zanzibar, resists the attacks of
executor, of a will. (Ar. Cf. white ants.
mrithi.)

Mruba, n. (mi-), a leech.

Msakaji, n. (wa-), one who

hnots, i. e. msakaji nyama, a hunter
of game. (Cf. follg. and vlwinda,

Mrututu, u. sulphate of mwindaji.)

copper, blue-stone, blue vitriol,
often used as a caustic for sores,
Msako, n. (mi-), hunting, a
&c.
hunt. (Cf. saka, and syn. winda,
mwindo.)

Msnttda, n. (mi-), help, aid,

assistance, support. (Ar. Cf.
Msala, n. (mi-), (i) a praying
saidia, and syn. auni, tegemeo, mat,usually oval, and hence of
shime.)
oval or round mats in general.
Also (2) a private place, bath,
Msafa, n. (mi-), a line, row, closet,like
faraghani.
Yuko
scries,more commonly safu msalani, he is engaged. Akapelekwa
(which see). Msafa wa milirna, a msalani akaenda akaoga, he was
chain of mountains, mountain- conducted to the bathroom and
range, i.e. ime- fungamatta, kama went and had a bath. (Ar. Cf. sala,
kilima kimoja kwa kimoja, they are salt, and for mats mkeka, kitanga.
joined together like a continuous Also cf. choo.)
series of hills. (Ar. Cf. tnstari,
mpan go, and safu.)
*Msafara, n. (mi-), a travelling
company, caravan, expedition,

Msalaba, n. (mi-), (1)

anything in the form of
Also (2) instrument of
used for mkatale, stocks.
sulubu.)

a cross,
Msangao, n. (mi-), also Mshaa cross. ngao (which see).
torture,
Msapata, n. (mi-), a kind of
(Ar. Cf.
native dance. (Cf. ngoma.)

Msasa, n. (mi-), (1) a plant or

Msalata, n. (wa-), a harsh,
overbearing, unfeeling, provoking shrub with rough leaves, used for
person. (Ar. Cf. saliti, and syn. smoothing wood. Hence (2) sandpaper, emery paper.
mgomvi, msumbufu, &c.)
Msazo, n. (mi-), what is left
Maalimina, Msalimu, n. (wa-),
leavings,
remnant,
variants of Mwislamu, Msilimu, a over,
remainder. (Cf. salia, saza, sazo,
Mahommedan, a Moslem.
salio, and syn. baki.)
*Msaliti, n. (wa-). See Msalata.
Msekeneko, n. syphilis. (Cf.
Msamaha, n. (mi-) also Msameha,
pardon,
forgiveness, sekeneka.)
forbearance,
respite.
Nataka
Mselehisha, n. (wa-), also
msamaha kwako,
1 beg your -ishi, a reconciler, a peacemaker.
forgiveness.
(Ar.
(Ar. Cf. samehe, and follg., and Cf. suluhi, selehisha, and syn. mpasyn. achilio, ghofra)
lanishi.)
Msema, n. (wa-), verbal of
Msamehe,
n.
(wa-),
a
forgiving, merciful person. (Ar. sema, one who says, speaks, has
the power of speech. (Cf. sema,
Cf. prec.)
nena, and follg.)
Msamilo, n. (mi-), wooden
Msemi, Msemaji, n. (wa-), (1) a
headrest, used by natives as a
speaker, a narrator; (2) an
pillow.
eloquent person, an orator, a
Msanaa, n. (wa-), also Msani, fluent, talkative person. Msemaji
one skilled in an art, artist, wa habari,one who tells news, a
artisan. (Ar. Cf. Sanaa, -sanifu. In Z. narrator, an historian. (Cf. sema,
commoner syn. are fundi, waria, and prec., usemi, use- maji.)
mstadi, mbingwa.)

Msemo, n. (mi-), act (kind, style,

*Msandali, n. (mi-), the tree &c.) of speaking, utterance,
producing the aromatic sandalspeech. Kilichowafunga ni msemo
wood.
*Msandarusi, n. (mi-), the gumcopal tree. (Cf. sandarusi.)

wao we-

MSETHtl

247

MSHINDANI

nycwe, what convicted them person, one who brings ruin,

was their own speech. (Cf. sema, strife, ill luck, destruction, See.
and prec.)
Opp. of heri. (Ar. Cf. syn. mgomvi,
rntesi, mkoroji, mchokozi, mpotezi.)
Msetiri, n. (wa-). See Mstiri.
' MM banka. n. (wa-), also MahiMseto, n. (mi-), and Msheto, a riki, partner, participator, sharer,
mixture of grains and other associate, equal,but msharika

ingredients cooked for food, a may imply the closest possible

mash, e. g. mtama, choroko, kunde, identification
of
interests,
viazi. (Cf. seta.)
communion of life, nature, and
feeling. (Ar. Cf. shariki, shiriki, and
Msewe, n. (mi-), a sort of rattle, syn. mwenyi, rajiki.)
fastened to the leg, to make a
jingle in dancing. (Cf. njuga.)
Mshathali, a. and adv., also
Mshethali, and sometimes heard
*Mshabaha, n. (mi-), likeness, as Msitara, crooked, slanting,
resemblance, similitnde. Used oblique, out of the straight or
also like methali (mithili) and vifano level, sloping, on one side. (?Ar.,
as a conj. in the likeness (of), and cf. syn. upande, kikombo,
like/for the common kama, sawa kipogo.)
(no). Msha- baha mmoja, alike. (Ar.
Cf. sha- baha.)
*Mshauri,
n.(wa-),
adviser,friend, counsellor. (Ar. Cf.
Mahahara, n. (mi-), monthly shauri.)
wages, regular salary. (Ar. s/iahr, a
month. Cf. ujira.)
Msheheri, n. (wa-), an Arab
from Sheher in South Arabia, usu.
Mshairi, n. (wa-), a composer of a low class, engaged in manual
of verses, a rhymer, a poet. (Ar. trades and labour. (Ar.)
Cf. shairi.)
Mshemali, n. (wa-), a
Mshakiki, n. (///*-), (i) spit, northern Arab, i. e. one .who
skewer; (2) a bit of meat, toasted comes from Muscat and the
over embers on a skewer. (Ar. Persian Gulf. (Ar.)
sikkat, and cf. syn. kijiti, kibanzi.)
Mshenzi, n. (wa-), a barbarian,
Mshale, n. (mi-), an arrow. For savage, one of the aborigines, a
various parts cf. chembe (iron person untouched by civilization.
head), watto (shaft), manyoya Often used contemptuously by the
(feathers), koleo (notch). Dim. coast Swahilis of those >vho
kishale. (Other common weapons come from the interior. (Cf.
are mkuki, ttpa- nga, kisti, rungu.)
ushenzi, mjinga.)
Mshangao, n. (mi-), also Maangao, thrilling excitement, deep
sen. sation, admiration, wonder,
perplexity,
amazement,
bewilderment, stupefaction. Ona
(fanya, shikzva na, ittgia), be seized
with wonder, 8cc. (Cf. shangaa,
and ajabu, bumbuazi, toshea.)

Msheto, n. (mi-). See Mseto.

Mshika,Mshiki,n.
(wa-),oncwho holds, takes hold
of, grasps. Mshiki shikio (or,
msukani), pilot, steersman. (Cf.
s/iika.)

Mshikilizo, n. (mi-), lit. a

*Mshari, n. (<*-)> an evil causing to hold on to, or together,

used of tacking or basting

Mshindo,n.
(wf-),used
to
materials ready for sewing.
describe any act (process, effect),
characterized by suddenness,
Mshinda, n. ('), verbal of force, violence, &c., and so
shinda,
one
who
remains, translated variously as * shock,
conquers, &c. (Sec the various blow, stroke, explosion, noise,
meanings of shinda, and follg.)
bang, sensation, burst, thump,
crash, outbreak, tumult, uproar,
Mshindaji,
n.
(iia-),
a &c. Mshindo wa ngurumo, peal of
conqueror, victor, successful thunder. Ngoma ya mishindo sab a, a
competitor or candidate. (Differs drum with seven notes. lkawa
from Mshittda, Afs/iindi, only so far mshindo mkubwa katika inchi, there
as the termination ji implies that was a general rising throughout
the action is characteristic, the land. Also of a report, rumour,
repeated, or professional. Cf. news of a thrilling or sensational
shinda, mshindi, mshindwa, mshinde, kind. Mshindo wa miguu, tramp of
mshittdo, and follg.)
feet.
(Cf. shinda,
Mahindani, n. (7t'rr-), (1) an and prec., and dim. kishijido.)
opponent,
rival,
antagonist,
competitor; (a) a contentious,
Mshipa, n. (mi-), used rather
obstructive, captious person. (Cf. vaguely of minor organs of the
shinda, mashi- ndano, ushindani, and body not commonly distinguished
syn. tnbishi, mpingamizi, rntesi, by natives, blood-vessel, nerve,
adui.)
vein, artery, and of any pain, ache,
disease or affection of them,
Mshinde, n. (wa-), one who is ache, swelling, throbbing, fullness
conquered. (From shinda, with of blood. E.g. mshipa unampiga
pass, termin. -e. Not often used.) fundo, there is a knot (obstruction,
clot) in his vein, of aneurism,
Mshindi, n. (war), a conqueror, &c. Marathiya mshipa, neuralgic
winner, prize-taker, victor. (Cf. pain, sciatica, and similar pains.
Mshipa unamtambaa mwili- ni, of
shinda, mshindi, mshindaji, and
creeping shooting pains in different parts of the body. M. inapiga
prec.)
Mshindilio, n. (mi-), a pushing, (inapuma, inatukutika), the vein, or
a pressing, application of force. pulse, beats (throbs, is irregular).
Used of (i) loading a gun, Kanda mshipa, feel the pulse.
ramming the charge home. Also
Mshipi, n. (mi-), (1) a narrow
of (2) the charge or cartridge
itself.
(Cf. strip of stuff (cloth, webbing,
&c.), used as a belt, girdle,waistband, halter, also used of
shinda, shindilia, and kiasi.)
braces, suspenders; (2) a fishingMshindio, n. (mi-), (1) the line, a fishing-net.
working of the woof or weft
across the warp (mtande) in
*Mshitiri, n. (zva-), customer,
weaving; (2) the woof itself. Used buyer. (Arab., for the common
also of the interlacing of plaited mnunuzi.)
leaf strips (mashupatu) to form a
bedstead (kitanda),mshindio wa
Mshituko, n. (mi-). See
mashupatu. (Cf. shinda, and prec., Mshtuko.
also mfutno for weaving.)
Mshona, Mshoni, 11. (wa-),

MSETHtl

one who sews,always a man in

Z.,a tailor. Mshona viatu, mshoni wa
viatu,
a
sandal-maker,
a
shoemaker. (Cf. shona, and follg.)

247

MSHINDANI

sympathy, inquire after,after a

funeral, misfortune, &c. Akakaa
rnsiba wa mamaye, he observed the
usual mourning for his mother.
Ikiwa jumbe amckufa, ukaangttka

Mshono, n. (mi-), sewing, rnsiba rnkubwa mno wa ajabu , when

seam, suture. Kunga mshono, sew a a chief dies, it means the
seam. (Cf. shona, ushoni, prec., and occurrence of a very great and
kungaif
exceptional demonstration of
sorrow. (Ar. Cf. masaibu, sibu, and
*Mshtaka, n. (mi-), charge, ac- follg.)
cusation,
complaint.
Fanya
mshtaka, prosecute. (Cf. shtaki, and
Msibu, n. (wa-), one who
follg., and da'wa.)
causes trouble, distress, &c. (Ar.
Cf. sibu, and prec.)
*Mshtaki, n. (wa-), accuser,
prosecutor, plaintiff. (See Shtaki,
Msifu, n. (wa-), verbal of sifu,
and prec., and cf. dai.)
"one who praises, recommends,
flatters. Msifu mtw, a gross
Mshubiri, n. (mi-), an aloe. flatterer, toady, parasite. (Cf. sifu,
(Cf. also subiri, sibiri.)
sifa.)
Mshuko, n. (mi-), (1) . descent,v
coming down, an incline ; (2)
coming to end, conclusion. Used
of the time of coming away from
the mosque after any of the usual
prayers. Mshuko wa jua (wa
magaribi), time of twilight, just
after sunset, 6 to 6.30 p.m. (Cf.
shuka.)

MMjanu. n. (wa-), young unmarried person of either sex, from ten

to twenty-five years of age. (Not
usual in Z. Cf. kijana. Perh. m-sijana, i.e. one who is not a child.
Cf. msikwao.)

Msikiti, n. mosque. See Moskiti. (Ar.)

*Mshumaa, n. (mi-), candle.

Msikizi, n. (wa-), one who
See Meshmaa. (Ar.)
hears, heeds, obeys, and so (i) an
auditor, hearer, listener, one who
*Mshurutisho, n. (mi-), a com- attends a class or meeting; (2) a
pelling, a compulsion, moral follower, disciple, adherent, a
pressure. (Ar. Cf. sharti, shuruti.)
teachable, obedient person, good
pupil, good servant. Mwcuyczi
Msiba, n. (mi-), (1) calamity, Mtigu ni msikizi 11a mjuzi wa killa
misfortune, untoward accident, kitu,, Almighty God sees and
disaster; (2) sorrow, distress of hears everything. Natafuta watu
mind, grief; (3) formal mourning, wasikizi, I am looking for people
outward signs of sorrow, &c. to listen to my case.(Cf.
-sikia,
Used of war, famine, sickness, -sikiftt, sikio.)
and minor calamities. Msiba mkuu
(mkubwa, mgumti), a great disaster.
Msikwao, n. (wa-), one who
Fanya (ona, ingia, pata, &c.), m., has no home, a vagrant, a
take to heart, grieve (over). wanderer (si kytao). (Cf. mkiwa.)
Muungti hushusha msiba kwao
watenda maovu, God sends down
M.HIlimit, n. (wa-). Sec Mwicalamities on evil-doers. Kwenda slamu.
kttpa mkono wa rnsiba, go and make
a visit of condolence, offer
Msimamizi, n. (wa-), lit. one

who causes to stand, or stands

over, i.e. an overseer,overlooker,
esp. the headman of a
plantation, or of a caravan. Also
generally,
responsible
head,
director, manager, superintendent,
steward, foreman. (Cf. sitnama,
and also tiokoa, kadamu.)
Mhimulizi, n. (wa-), one who
reports, narrates, gives an
account, tells a story, recounts
news, newsman. (Cf. sumulia.)

Msisimizi, n. See Mzizimizl.

Msisimuko. n. (mi-), and Mzizimko, a startling, nervous
excitement, irritation, stimulation.
(Cf. sisitna, zizimua, and syn.
mshtuko.)

Msitamu, n. (mi-), keelson or

inner keel, to which the foot of
the mast and ribs of a vessel are
secured. (Cf. mkuku, keel, and
chombo.)

Msitiri, n. (mi-), and Msetiri.

Msindikizo, n. (mi-), act of
escorting, escort, cortege, retinue. See Mstiri.
(Cf. sindikiza, sindika.)
Maitu, n. (, and ? mi-), land
*Msingefuri, n. (mi-), the anatta covered with thick bushes, undergrowth, small trees. Sometimes
plant. (Cf. singefuri.)
msifu wa miti, forest, but mwitu is
Msinji, n. (mi-), also Msingi, a usual in this sense.
trench, ditch, cutting made in the
Msizi, n. (mi-), a plant from
ground, e. g. round ^ a house for
carrying off water, &c., but esp. which a black dye or ink is made.
(Cf.
tnasizi. Dist. mzizi, a rootlet.)
of the foundation for a stone
house. Piga (weka) msinji, lay a
Msomari, n. (mi-), also Msufoundation. (Perh. mzittgi, and
marl, Misnmri, a nail, large pin,
conn, with zinga, zunguka, &c.)
or anything similar in appearance
Msiri, n. (tva-), a confidential or use. Msontari waparajujo, a
(intimate,
bosom)
friend, screw. (Ar.)
confidential
agent
(adviser,
counsellor). (Ar. Cf. siri, and Msomonhi, n. (wa-), a teacher,
mshauri, mkunga.)
instructor, reader, esp. one who
teaches and leads Mahommedan

MSOMO

250

MS UK I

devotions. (Cf. soma, and follg. custard-apple. (Cf. tope- iope.)

Also mwalimu, mkufunzi.)
*Mstaki, n. (wa-). See Mshtaki.
Msomo, n. (mi-), (i) reading,
*Mstamu, n. (mi-). See Msithe act (method, means, &c.) of
reading, repeating a lesson ; (2) tamu.
study, subject of study, lesson,
Mstarehe, n. state of rest,
lesson-book. (Cf. soma, somo.)
repose, calm,esp. in the phrase
Msonde, n. (mi-), a kind of raha msta- rehe, i.e. absolute,
drum, long and of large size, complete repose. (Cf. starehe,
-starehefu, raha, utulivu, kimya, and
also called gogo. (Cf. ngoma.)
Msonge,
n.
and
adv.
(something)
stirred,
twisted,
compressed, muddled, jumbled.
Maneno haya ni msonglsonge, these
words are all jumbled together,
confused. For mnyonge msonge see
Mnyonge. (Cf. songa, and follg.
The -e is a passive ending.)

mstiri.)

Mstari, n. (mi-), a line, an extended stroke, a line ruled or

marked, a row. Piga mstari, draw a
line. (Ar. Cf. safu, mfuo, alamai)

*Mstiri, n. (wa-), (1) for mshtiri,

a customer, a buyer (Arab.). (2)'
(with variants msetiri, msitiri), one
Msongi, n. (wa-), one who stirs, who conceals, a hider, one who
twists, presses, &c. Msongi wa covers, veils, disguises. (Ar. Cf.
nyele, a hairdresser, who arranges stiri,jicha.)
the hair in folds (cf. msusi wa
nyele, one who plaits the hair).
*Msuaki, n. (mi-), a twig of a
(Cf. songa, and prec.)
fibrous shrub, the end of which is
chewed and used for rubbing and
Msongo, n. (mi-), a stirring, cleaning the teeth, a tooth-stick, a
twisting, plaiting, compressing, tooth-brush. Often a twig of the
muddling, &c. (Cf. songa, kisongo, mzambarau. (Ar. tooth-pick.)
and prec., and syn. msuko.)
*Msufi, n. (mi-), the cotton-tree
Msonyo, n. (mi-), and Msono, a (Eriodendron anfractuosum). (Cf.
whistling sound, made with the sufi, and dist. mpamba, the cotton
teeth as well as the lip, to attract plant, a small shrub.)
notice or express contempt. Piga
(vuta) msonyo, give a whistle. (Cf.
Msuka, n. (1) (wa-), verbal of
sonya, and fyonya, also mwunzi, suka, one who plaits, &c.; (2)
ubinja, and koromal)
(mi-), the spike of a native hoe
), the part of the iron
Mstadi, n. (wa-), a skilled (jembe
which passes through and is
workman, one who knows his head
in the handle (kipini). See
trade. (Cf. fundi, waria, mbingwa.) . fixed
Jembe.
*Msfcafeli, n. (mi-), a fruit tree
*Msukani,
n.
(w-),also
commonly called mtopetope,ax\d. Sukani,
Usukani, rudder, and
sometimes mtomoko, custard-apple steering gear
in general, of a boat
tree. There are several varieties
known in Z., e.g. mstafeli wa or ship. The tiller or handle is
kizungu, bearing the fruit called called kana; the tiller-rope, ruddersour-sop, mst. wa Ajjemi, bearing line, ujari (plur. njari); the
the bullocks heart.* There is steersman, mshiki msu- kani or
also an mst. wa mwitu, or wild rubani', a steering wheel, ckerehe

(or gitrudumu) ya in sukani, ' (Hind.

Cf. shikio.)

the foot.

Msukano, n. (mi-) and Msukawano, part of the drill (keke) used

for boring hard woods by native
carpenters, viz. the shaft and
barrel carrying the iron bit or
boring tool. See Keke.

Mausu, n. {mi-), name of a

tree.

Msuki, n. (wa-), also Msusi,

one who plaits, &c. See Suka. M.
wa nyele, a professional or skilled
hairdresser. M. wa vikapo, a basket
maker.
Msuko, n. {mi-), act (process,
style, &c.) of plaiting, a plait.
Also of shaking, e.g. of a ship
at sea. (Verbal o! suka, in all its
meanings.)
Msuluhishi, n. {wa-), a
peacemaker, a reconciler, one
who brings to terms, arranges a
bargain, ends a quarrel, &c.
(Ar. Cf suluhisha, -sulukifu, and
syn. mpatauishi.)
Msumeno, n. {mi-), a sawing
tool, a saw. Piga m., use a saw.
Kata kwa m., cut with a saw, i.e.
f>asua. Various kinds are m. wa
kitanda, frame-saw,large ones
being used as pit-saws, and for
plank cutting. M. wa karri ha, a
fret-saw. M. wa jambcrti, a saw
with two saw-edges. (Cf.
Ai.jarnbe, two-sided. Also ji-su,
whence perh. rtt-stt with merto,
i.e. a toothed or serrated knife.)

Msusi, n. {wa) for Msuki

(which see). (Dist. rnzuzi.)

Mauto, n. {mi-) and Mautu, a

large piece of coloured calico,
often used as a screen or
partition in a native house,
more commonly ki- stitu, a
piece of coloured calico worn
as a womans dress. (Cf. rtguo,
kisutu.)

Msuzo, n. (////*) and Mauao,

handle of wood by which the
upjxrr stone is turned, in
grinding grain between two
stones.
Mtaa, n. (mi-), division of a
town, quarter, district, parish.
Kaa mtaa mrrtoja, live in the
same district, be neighbours.
(Cf. syn. furtgu, schema,
upattde.)

Mtaala, n. study, practice,

read- ing. (Ar. Cf. taali, and soma.)
Mtaalamu, n. {wa-), an
educated, learned, well-instructed
person, a scholar, a sage. (Ar. Cf.
clirnu, and syn. mwaria vyuo.)
Mtabiri, n. (wa-), one who announces or foretells events, a
prophet, a soothsayer. (Ar. Cf.
tabiri, htibiri, and nabii.)

*Msunobari, n. {mi-), pineMtafara, n. {mi-), crupper,the

tree, fir-tree, deal,timber
imported in quantities to Z. cord used to fasten the saddle to
the
tail ($ac.).
chiefly from Norway. It is
rapidly destroyed by white
Mtai, n. {mi-), a scratch, a
ants. (Ar. and Hind.)
slight cut. Piga mtai, make a
Msuruaki, n. {mi-), the scratch, scarify. (Cf. papttra, chora,
wooden peg on a kind of clog toja, piga, ukucha, also mfuo.)
{mtalawanda) used by women
Mtaimbo, n. {mi-), also Mtaindoors, passing between the
toes and so holding the clog on limbo, an iron crowbar, lever, bar.

MSOMO

Mtajiri, n. {wa-). See Tajiri.

Mtaka, n. {wa-), one who
w^ants, asks, begs, needs, &c.
See Taka, v. Mtaka yote hukora
yote, he who begs for everything
gets
nothing.
(Cf.
mtashi,
tnwombaji.)

250

MS UK I

movement. Mtambo wa bunduki, the

lock (or, action) of a gun. Tega
mtambo, set a trap. Mtambo wa taa,
a clock (or, watch) spring. (Cf.
tamba, tambo, kitambo, utambo,
tambi, tatnbaa, &c., differing in
meaning, but perh. with same
root.)

Mtakaso, n. cleansing, a thing

Mtambuu, n. (mi-), the shrub
cleaned (cf. takasa). Also ? a rustl- which produces the betel-leaf,
ing, rustle,perh. a variant of in great request for chewing at Z.
mcha- kacho (which see).
See Tambuu, Uraibu.
Mtalawanda, n. {mi-), also
Mtambuzi, n. (wa-), a knowing,
Mtaa- wanda, (i) a tree supplying clever, well-informed, intelligent
a light wood, from which clogs person. (Cf. tambua, utambuzi, and
are made in Z. Hence also (2) a tamba.)
w'ooden clog, i.e. kiatu cha mti.
(Cf. kiatu.)
Mtanda, n. (wa-), verbal of
tanda, one who spreads, &c. See
Mtali, n. {mi-), an anklet, Tanda, and follg.
bangle. (Cf. furtttigu, and for other
ornaments urernbo.)
Mtande, n. (mi-), lit. something
spread or stretched out. Hence
Mtama, n. {mi-), millet, Kaffir used of (i) a frame of sticks, or a
corn, sorghum, a food staple in line on which clothes, &c. are
many districts near Z. Mtama hung to dry. Also of a weavers
mtindi, young half-grown millet. loom, more accurately called
Mtama tete, millet with grain kitanda cha mfumi. (2) strip of
formed but not fully ripe. The flesh, or fish, hung up to dry in
stalk is bua {ma-), and of a sweet the sun or by the fire. Also of the
kind kola {rna-). Various kinds are threads of the warp in a loom,
known
as
fclefele,
kipajc, the woof being mshindio. (Cf.
kibakuli,fnmbtt, &c.
; Ar. tanda, and follg.)
Mtando, n. (mi-), a spreading, a
taam, food, com of any kind. For
out, &c. Also of what is
other kinds cf. uwele, ttltzi, uwimbi, stretching
spread out. (Cf. tanda, and prec.)
ngarto, shayiri, kimanga, tnche/e.)
Mtamba, n. {wa-)t a female aniMtanga, n. (wa-), one who wanmal that has not yet home young. ders idly and aimlessly about, an
Aft. wa rtg'orrtbe, a heifer. (Cf. idler, loafer, common tourist,
rrtfarika.)
vagabond, tramp. So also
Mtangatanga. (Cf. ianga, mtango,
Mtambaazi, n. (wa-), any crawl- kiianga, and syn. mtembezi, mpuzi.)
ing creature, insect or reptile. (Cf.
-tambaa, -tambaazi, utambaazi, and
Mtangazi, n. (wa-), one who
tiririka, used of the gliding of makes
generally
known,
snakes, i. e. without feet.)
proclaims, divulges. (Cf. tangaa.)
Mtambo, n. (mi-), a trap with a
Mtango, n. (mi-), (1) a loitering,
spring-action. Hence of any simi- strolling about, idling (see Tanga,
lar contrivance or machine with and prec.). (2) the plant producing

the tango, a kind of cucumber e. mti wa kukingamisha magogo

used as a vegetable.
mtoni. (Cf. ulalo.)
Mtangulizi, n. (wa-), one who
Mtatio', Mtatizo, n. (mi-), a
goes before, leads the way, is pre- coiling (of cord), winding (of
eminent or first in anything, and thread), an entanglement. (Cf. tat
so a leader, ringleader, herald, a, tatiza.)
forerunner, predecessor. (Cf.
Mtawa, n. (wa-), (1) one who
tangulia, and syn. takadamu.)
stays at home, keeps indoors, and
Mtani, n. (wa-), one of a family, so (2) one who leads a moral selfclan, or tribe, a kinsman, a rela- controlled life, a recluse, a devout
tion,but not nearer than a religious person. (? Ar. Cf. tawa,
cousin on the fathers side. (Cf. close up, utawa. In (2) sense, the
utani.)
sound of a seems prolonged, and
is written sometimes mtaawa,
Mtapo, n. (mi-), name of a mtaowa, mta'wa.)
plant, a kind of Cycad. Also
verbal n. of tapa, shivering.
Mtawanya, n. (wa-), one who
scatters, and so, one who spends
Mtasbihi, n. (mi-), a kind of freely, an open-handed, liberal
reed.
person. (Cf. tawanya, and syn.
karimu, mpaji.)

Mtashi, n. (wa-), an earnest, importunate suppliant, one whose

Mtazamo, n. (mi-), looking,
mind is set on an object, an urgent gazing. See Tazama.
pleader. (Cf. taka, v., and syn.
mwombaji.)
Mtego, n. (mi-), a trap, snare,
gin,used of all kinds of devices
Mtata, n. (mi-), name of a plant. for snaring animals and birds.
Tega mtego, set a trap. (Cf. -tega.)
Mtatago, n. (mi-), a tree placed
so as to bridge or dam a stream, i. Mtema, Mtemi, n. (wa-), verba

MTEMBEZ1

253

MTI

lof tema, one who spits, one who

Mtopo, n. (mi-), a native
cuts. See Tema, and Mtemo.
sailing vessel, with a very
long'projecting prow, upright
Mtembezi, n. (wa-), (i) from mast, and square matting sail.
tembea, one who walks about for Constructed with wooden pegs
pleasure or exercise rather than and cord, at coast towns north of
business, an idler, a pleasure- Mombasa,latta, Lamu, &c.,
seeker, a tourist, &c.,e.g. mtembezi and used by the Wagunyu in their
ala miguu yoke, one who travels for trading voyages. (Cf. chombo,
pleasure, lives off his own feet; date.)
(2) from tembeza, e. g. mtembezi wa
bithaa, one who hawks goods
Mtepetevu, n. (wa-), a slack, reabout for sale, a pedlar, a miss, do-nothing person. (Cf. -tecommercial traveller. (Cf. tembea, petevu, utepetevu.)
tanga, zunguka.)
Mteremezi, n. (wa-), a kindly,
Mtemo, n. (mi~), (1) cutting; genial, friendly person, who sets
(2) spitting, i. e. mtemo wa mate. others at their ease. (Cf. terema,
See Tema.
and follg., -kunjufu, changam'ka.)
Mtendaji, n. (wa-), an active
Mteremo,
n.
(mi-),
(energetic, enterprising, pushing) cheerfulness, happiness,comfort,
person. (Cf. tenda, kitetuio, relief from trouble. (Cf. terema,
utendaji, See.)
and prec.)
Mtende, n. (mi-), a date-palm,
Mfcesi, n. (wa-), one who
producing the fruit tende. Not nu- causes trouble or annoyance, a
merous in Z., dates being persecutor, opponent, enemy, a
imported from Arabia.
quarrelsome or litigious person.
(Cf. tesa, teso.)
Mtendo, n. (mi-), a doing,
mode of acting, performing,
Mtete, n. (mi-), a reed. (Cf.
accomplishing. (Cf. tenda, kitendo, kitctc, unyasi, mwanzi, bua.)
utendaji.)
Mtetemo, n. (mi-), shaking,
Mtenga, n. (wa-), verbal of trembling, shuddering, shivering,
tenga (which see), one who quaking. Mtetemo wa inchi,
earthquake.
Mt.
wa
rneno,
separates, &c.
chattering of the teeth. (Cf. tetema,
Mtengo, n. (mi-), a separating, tetemeko, and syn. mti- kiso, rnsuko.)
a dividing off, &c. See Tenga.
Mteua, n. (wa-), verbal of teua,
Mtengwa, n. (wa-), one who is one who chooses, criticizes, picks
divided off, separated, put aside, and chooses. Mteua mno hnangukia
set apart, devoted (to a work or rnbovu, the dainty person is sure to
find (his food) bad. (Cf. teua, and
occupation. (Cf. tenga.)
follg.)
Mtenzi, n. (wa-), one who does
Mteule, n. (wa-), one who is
things, carries on work, follows a
trade or occupation, &c. M. wa chosen, selected, picked out, and
mashairi (wa maneno), one who so choice, of high quality or
makes poetry (stories), a poet, an character. (Cf. teua, -teule, mteuzi,
author. M. wa kazi, an active, hard- and prec.)
working person. (Cf. tenda, utenzi.)
Mteuzi, n. (wa-), like Mteua, a

dainty person, a critic, an eclectic, maziwa, or maziwa ya mtindi. (Cf.

a connoisseur, e.g. mteuzi haaehi -tindi.)
tamaa, i. e. a critic is never
Mtindo, n. (mi-), (1) sort,
satisfied. (Cf. teua, and prec., and
shape, size, pattern, cut; (2) a
syn. mehaguzi.)
special sort, a good kind, extra
*Mthalimu, n. (wa-), an unjust, quality; (3) conclusion, end. Nguo
tyrannical person, an oppressor, hii ya m., this is a special (unusual,
despot, j>ersecutor, defrauder, superfine) calico (dress, fabric).
&c.
(Ar. Mwanangu ni m. wa yule, my son is
just like him. M. wa kusi, the end
of the (season of the) south wind.
Cf. thalimu, uthalimu, thulumu.)
*Mthamini, n. (wa-), a surety, (Cf. kitinda, luidika. Perh. same as
trustee, one who goes bail for chinja, mchinjo, i.e. (1) a cutting;
another, a hostage, guarantor. (Ar. (2) cut, shape ; (3) cutting off,
end.)
CL thamini, thamana.)
Mti, n. (mi-), (1) a tree,of
any kind and in any state; (2) treematerial, i.c. wood, timber; (3) a
tree, or part of a tree, prepared for
use,pole,
post,
palisade.
Merikebti ya mti, a wooden ship.
Xyumbaya mti, a house of timber, a
wooden house. Nyumba ya miti, a
house built with poles. Mti kati, a
post to which a prisoner is
secured by fetters on his feet. (Cf.
mkatale.) (Cf. kijiti, uti, and ubait,
plank, sawn timber, nguzo, boriti.
Lists of trees may be found in
Sacleux,
Dictionnaire
Frang
.-Swahili, Appendix, and for
British
Central
Africa
in
Johnstons British Central Africa, p.
227, first ed.)

*Mtini, n. (mi-), a fig-tree, the

fruit being tini. (The wild fig is
mvunio.)

Mtipitipi, n. (mi-), name of a

climbing plant, or creeper. (Dist.
tipitipi, a bird.)
Mto, n. (mito), (1) a river, small
or large, rivulet, brook, stream,
&c.; (2) creek, inlet, estuary, arm
of the sea, i. e. mto wa bahari\ (2) a
cushion, pillow.
Mto wa kono, a
branching

river, delta. Mto mkavu, a river bed,

dry channel. Mkonowa mto,
affluent, branch of a river. Mto
waenda kassi, the river nins swiftly.
Vuka mto, cross a river. Kata mto,
upstream. Fuata mto, go downMti, n. (). Marathi ya mti, go
uwele wa mti, denotes sores of a stream. Mto haupitiki, the river is
impassable. (Cf. jito, kijito, also
scrofulous or gangrenous kind.
juto, and uto, mfo.)
*Mtii, n. (wa-), an obedient
Mtoaji, n. (wa-), verbal
(submissive, docile) person. (Ar. of Mtoa,
toa, in all its senses, one who
Cf. tii, utii, tala.)
gives, removes, &c. See Toa.
Mtikiti, n. (mi-), the plant pro- Mtoaji kahawa, one who serves
coffee.
ducing the water-melon, tikiti.
Mtima, n. (mi-), heart,
seldom used in modem Swahili,
for moyo.
Mtindi, n. (), buttermilk,
also described as mtindi wa

MTEMBEZ1

Mtobwe, n. (mi-), a tree from

which a favourite kind of
walking- stick is made,white,
and possessing the quality of
bending and keeping any curve it
is bent to, like lead. (Cf.
bakora,Jimbo.)

Mtofaa, n. (mi-), a fruit-tree,

with an apple-like fruit, tofaa
(Jambosa
Malaccensis,
Sac.),
jamrack.
Mtoki, n. (), painful
swelling in the groin, usually
accompanied by fever.
Mtokoso, n. (mi-), (1) act (condition) of boiling; (2) rice boiled
and dried,so sold in shops. (Cf.
chemka.)

Mtombo, n. (mi-), and ?

Mtembo, (1) the heart or centre of
the sprouting shoot of a palmtree, cocoanut or other (cf. kilele,
moyo).
(2) painful
cracks and sores caused by the
buba disease, esp. on the soles of
the feet.
Mtomo, n. (mi-), solidity (firmness,
strength,
good
workmanship) in building (Str.).
(Cf. tomea, and syn. imara,
uthabiti.)

Mtomoko, n. (mi-), a fruit-tree

of the same class as the custardapple (mtopetope).
Mtomondo, n. (mi-), a fruit-tree
of the same class as the mtofaa,
a Baringtonia, bearing the fruit tomondo.

Mtondo, n. (mi-), the third day

following,the series being leo,
today, kesho, to-morrow, kesho
kuckwa, the day after to-morrow,
then mtondo, the third day. The
fourth day is called mtondo goo, or
kushinda mtondo.

253

MTI

Mtondoo, n. (mi-), a large tree,

bearing the fruit tondoo, with a
seed rich in oil,Calophyllitm
Inophyl- lum.

Mtongozi n. (wa*), one who

tries to attract (allure, seduce),
e.g. by words, signs, dress,
&c., a seducer. (Cf. tongoza,
kitongo, utongozi.)

Mtopetope, n. (mi-), the

small tree which bears the
custard-apple,
topetope.
Another variety is mtope- topemwitu.

Mtoria, n. (mi-), a kind of

Lan- dolphia, producing indiarubber, and an edible fruit
(kitoria). (Cf. mbungo.)
Mtoro, n. (wa-), (i) a
runaway slave, a truant; (2)
highwayman, robber, bandit.
(Cf. toroka.)
Mtoto, n. (wa-), implies
generally what is (A) in an
early stage of development, or
(B) in a subordinate position,
and includes the following
meanings. A. child, young person,
offspring,
offshoot,
descendant. E. g. m. mwattatime
(mttrne, wa kiume), male child,
son, boy. M. mwanamke (wakike,
mke), a female child, daughter,
girl. An mtoto remains so till
the age of about 7 years, or
about
15
years,next
becoming a kijana (see Kijana).
PI, mchanga, a very young
child, a baby. The offspring of
any animal is called mtoto, e.g.
m. wa ngombe, a calf; m. wa
mbuzi, a kid ; m. wa kttku, a
chicken. For offshoot of plants
cf. watoto wa vtgomba, the
young shoots springing from
the roots of a banana. Mtoto is
also used of morbid growths,
e.g. mtoto wa jicho, of a growth

near the eye. But cf. 13.

(1) dependant, sub

13.

Mtu gani ? Of what tribe is he? Si

mtu, not a man, no one. Hakttna
ordinate, follower, servant, mtu, there is no one, nobody. Mtu
ward, member of a household in and watu are used to point a

relation to its head. This sense is

quite irre- - spectivc of age. (2)
Mtoto is also extended to
inanimate objects of all sorts,
whose function is of a subordinate
kind, bftt in this case it is
sometimes treated as a mi- noun, i.
c. with plur. mitoto, e. g. m. wa
mesa, the drawer of a table; m. wa
kasha,
a
shelf
or
inner
compartment in a box; m. wa
kitasa, a ward of a lock; m. wa mto,
tributary of a river; m. wa parafujo,
the worm (thread) of a screw; m.
wa randa, the iron used to stiffen
the cutting-iron in a plane. (Cf.
kitoto, toto, kijana, and syn.
mwana.)

Mtoza, n. (wa-), verbal of toa

(toza), one who causes to pay, an
exactor, &c. Mtoza ushuru, a collector of taxes.

number of contrasts, each

illustrating the content of the idea.
Thus (1) mtu, si watu, one person,
not many persons. (2) mtu, si nyama, a human being, not a beast.
(3) mtu, si kitu, a living personality,
not a chattel. (4) mtu, a mere man,
a man as isolated and helpless.
Nimekuwa mtu tu, of one conscious
of his own existence only,
ignorant of all hi,s surroundings,
*1 was a simple nonentity. (5)
mtu, a man as possessed of
intrinsic worth, c. g. sisi hatukuwa
watu mbele yao, we did not count
as men in their eyes. (6) mtu, in an
emphatic sense, a person of rank,
importance and consideration, e.g.
mtoto wa watu, a wellborn (wellconnected) child, a child of
people of position. (7) watu,
people in general, the average
man; mi mi mtu kama watu, I am a
common man. (8) watu, other
people, as distinct from the self,
csp. as to ownership, c. g. kwenda

Mtu, n. (wa-), (1) a person, a

human being, an individual, one
of the human race, a man ; (2) a
dependant, servant, slave,
follower, adherent. E. g. mtu mume
(or m'me), a male, mtu mke, a
female,more commonly
mwanaume, mwanamke. Mtu wangu,
one of my servants (slaves). Mtu
kwiba tango
wa nani? Who does he belong to ?

MTULINOA

la watu, to go and steal other

peoples cucumbers. Fetha hii ya
watu, this money is not mine. (9)
wa/u, public opinion, society. Watu
husema kivi, it is a common (popular, general) opinion. (10) mtu is

often used to denote the

possession of a certain attribute,
or condition, e. g. tukawa xuatu wa
kufa tu, we were as good as dead
(entirely at the mercy of an
enemy, or mortally wounded). Si
mtu wa kwenda naye, he is not a
man to go with, a fit companion.
(Cf. utu, kitu, jitu, ki- jitu, and syn.

286

MTUNGO

Old Testament, Moses, Job, and

others. Tume is used in the more
general sense. (Cf. tuma, tume,
utume, utumwa, and follg.)
Mtumishi, n. (wa-), a paid servant, hired domestic, houseservant, not so general as tume,
or so limited as vihimwa. (Cf.
tuma, and prec., and syn. boi,
mwandishi.)

Mtumwa, n. (wa-), one who is

employed or sent, but usually in
the special sense a bond-servant,
slave, one who is the property of
mwana Adamu, bin Adamu.)
another. Contr. bwana, the master,
Mtulinga, n. (mi-), the collar- owner of slaves, and mngwana, a
freedman, or one who has never
bone, i. e. mfupa wa bega.
been a slave (see Utumwa). E. g.
Mtumba, n. (mi-), also Tumba, mtumwa mwema nakawa hesabu yakc
nguo mbili na bunduki moja, a stout,
( 1 ) a bale, bag, or bundle, goodlooking slave cost two
e. g. of cloth or other lengths of calico and a gun,i. e.
goods, made up as a an average price in the interior in
load for a caravan- past years. Mtumwa wa skamba, a
porter, and so
plantation slave, mostly engaged
in cultivation. Mtumwa wa
( 2 ) in general, a load, a nyumbani, a domestic slave,
mans burden. (Cf. employed in his masters house.
tumba, tumbo, ? tumbi, For various descriptions of slave
syn. mzigo, mfuko, robot see mbwana, kitwana, mjakazi, kia.)

jakazi, suria, mzalia, mtoro, mjoli,

kijoli, teka, mjinga, mstaarabu. (Cf.

Mtumbuizi, n. (wa-), one who tuma, tume, mtume, mtumishi
soothes (consoles, cheers) the mtumwaji, utumwa.)
pain or sorrow of another, esp. by
singing. (Cf. tumbuiza, and
Mtumwaji, n. (wa-), one who is
syn.fariji, tuliza.)
regularly employed, or sent, an
agent, a messenger, i. e. mtumwa,
Mtumbwi, n. (mi-), a native without the limitation to slaves.
canoe, made all in one piece of a (Cf. tuma, and prec.)
dug-out tree-trunk, often a
hollowed log of the mango tree,
Mtunduizi, n. (wa-), a spy, a
without outriggers, but sometimes scout. (Cf. tunduia, and syn.
with a small mast and sail. (Cf. mpelelezi.)
tumbua, tumbo, tumba, and for other
kinds of boat galawa, dau, maskua.)
Mtungi, n. (mi-), an earthen pitcher,the commonest kind of
Mtume, n. (wa-), one who is water- jar in Z. of this baked
employed or sent, a messenger, an earthenware, mostly plain and
emissary. But in Z. especially of made by hand in the island, but
Ma- hornet, i. e. the Apostle, and also imported with colour and
also of the chief characters of the ornamentation. Water- jars of

various shapes and kinds are relative form mo, which is also a
balasi, kasiki, kuzi,gudulia. (Cf. demonstrative of reference or
tunga, tungi, and follg. Also relative distance. (See Mo, and
chomboi)
-o.) It is also identical with m in
forms like mna, mnamo, there is (in
Mtungo, n. (mi-), a putting to- there) (see M-), i. e. a
gether, arranging in a row (and in demonstrative pfx. of general
other senses of, tunga, v.), also of reference with the special idea of
things put together in a row. Used interior- ity, or being inside. (2) is
esp. of fish, mtungo wa samaki, or used in some cases for the nounmtungo only, a string or stick of pfx. m (which sec), especially
fish, i. e. fish on a string or stick. before a u following, as Muuttgu,
Mtungo mkubwa, & great lot (haul, muumishi, or before another m in
catch) of fish. (Cf. tunga, utungo, mumc,
though
the
change
also tanda, panga.)
represents no important difference
of
sound.
Some
foreign
Mtuugisja, n. {mi-), name of a inhabitants of Zanzibar, however,
shrub, a kind of Solatium, with an e.g. the Goanese, regularly proedible fruit.
nounce the w-pfx. as mu, e.g.
mutu, muti, for mtu, mti. (3) apjrcars
Mtupa, n. {mi-), a kind of Eu- as mw in mwa, as kw for ku in kroa.
phorbia, very poisonous. (Cf. Sec -a.
ulupa.) Also verbal n. of tupa, one
who throws.
Mua, n. (1) {miwa), sugar-cane,
better muwa (whichsee); (2)
Mtutumo, n. {mi-), a low distant (waud), verbal form from ua, v.,
roll or rumbling sound, as of one who kills,better mwua
thunder, an earthquake, waterfall, (which see), or muua.
boiling water, &c. (Cf. tutuma, and
perh. telema.)
Muaa, n. (miaa, rniyad). See Mwaa.
Muda, n. (no plur. used),
Mtwaa, n. {wa-), one who
takes, or carries off. Ndiye mtwaa space of time, period, set term,
watu, it is he who carries off fixed interval. M. wa, for the space
people, i.e. the angel of death. of, during. M. kitambo, a short
time. M. mzima, a considerable
(Verbal of twaa.)
time, full time.. Baniani amempa
Mtwango, n. {mi-), act (place, mttda tni- ezi mitatu amlipe, the
or manner, &c.) of pounding with Banian gave him a term of three
pestle and mortar. Also the months for. payment. (Ar. Cf.
pounding instrument, a wooden follg. and syn. muhulla, wakati,
pestle,
usually
me
hi. majira, nafasi.)
(Cf. twanga.)

Mudu, v. stretch, extend. SelMtweto, n. (mi-), panting, gasp- dom except in Rf. form jimudu,
stretch oneself, move ones limbs,
ing. (Cf. tweta.')
as a sick person recovering or
Mu-, (i) is a prefix appearing in for relief. (Ar. Cf. muda, of time,
a few demonstrative adverbs, and syn.ji-nyosha.)
humtt, rnumit, mumo, mle (for mule),
with the meaning in here, in
there, and corresponds generally
to ku in similar uses. (See Ku, 3.
(2).) It is more common in the

MTULINOA

Muhoshamu,
a.
a
complimentary title in the Arabic
fashion of beginning a letter,
honoured. (Ar. Cf. heshimu,
heshima, and see Dibaji.)

286

MTUNGO

(Cf. kimulimuli.)
.
Mume,n. (waume), for mtu mu
me, mwanaume, a male, a man.
Used
alone
tnume
means
distinctively husband, in contrast
Muhebbi, n. and a., also Mu- with mwanaume. (See -ume, and
hebu, Mohebb, beloved friend, cf. mkc.)
dear, affectionate,used like
*Mumiani, n. (ma-), a mummy,
Muha- shamu. (Ar. Qi.habba, and (used in native medicine, &c.).
pre*j.)
(Ar.)
Muhindi, n. (1) {Wahindi), a
Mumo,
adv.demonstr.
of
native of India, but in Z. reference, also mumo humo. See
especially a Mahommedan from Mumu.
East India (as distinct from the
non-Mahommedan
Hindoos
Mumu, adv. demonstr., usually
called Banians) ; (a) (mi-), Indian with humu, i. e. mumu humu, just
corn plant. Sec Mhindi.
inside this very place (in these
circumstances) Just in here. (See
Muhogo, n. (mihogo), the Mu, and cf. mumo, and adv. kuku,
cassava plant. Sec Mhogo.
papa?)
Muhtaaari,
n.
(),
Mumunya, v. also Mungunya,
abridgement, abstract, summary', and Munya, break in small pieces,
list of contents, precis. (Ar.)
esp. in the mouth, i. e. mumble,
prepare for swallowing, e.
Muhulla, n. (), space of munch,
like a toothless person or
time, period, interval. (Ar. Cf. g.
donkey. Nt. mumunyika, (i ) be
syn. muda.)
broken up, munched, crumble
(2) be friable, easily
Muhuri, n. (), seal, signet, away;
or triturated, e. g. like
crest, armorial bearing.' Tia m., crumbled
seal, set seal to, confi rm, sign. bad mortar.
(Ar.)
Mumunye, n. (ma-), a kind of
gourd resembling a vegetable
Mui, n. better muwi, miwi (which sec).
marrow, used as a vegetable. The
Mukadiaha, Mukdeaho, n. a rind when hard and dry is used as
town on the Somali coast, north a vessel to hold fluids,like the
of Zanzibar, formerly (with boga, bityu. The plant is mmmnunye.
Barawa, Merka, IVarsheikh) under
Munda, n. (miunda) (1) a harthe Sultan, now in the Italian
poon, for spearing large fish, i. e.
sphere.
wa kuchomea samaki kubwa. Also
Mulika, v. shine, gleam, throw
( 2 ) a piece of planking,
(make, show) a light. Akumttlikaye
used
in
wooden
tnchana, hukunguza usiku, who
construction. (Cf. unda.)
lights you by day, sets fire to you
by night. Ap. mulik-ia, -iwa, bring
Mundu, n. (miundu), a sickle,
a light for, make a light with, help
with a light. E. g. nimulikie chini, billhook, chopper.
light me downstairs. Cs. mulikMungu, n.
(miungu).
isha,
See
ishwa.

Muungu.

Muu-. See words under Mwu-.

Mungunya, Munya, MunyaMuuaji, Muuguzi, n. See Mwumunya, v., same meaning as mu- aji, Mwuguzi.
munya (which see).
Muumba, n. (waumba), one
Munyi, n. a variant of mwenyi, who creates, makes, fashions, esp.
used in the sing, as a title, chief. as a title of God in Z., the Creator
See Mwenyi.
of the world, i.e. Muumba yote. (Cf.
Munyu, n. (no plur.), salt, in- umba, kiumbe, and syn. Ar. huluku.)
crustation. (Cf. chunyu, chumvi,
Muumishi, n. (waumishi), a pronyunyo.)
fessional cupper. (Cf. umika.)
Muo, n. (miuo), (1) a great
Muundi, n. (miundi). Muundi wa
killing, a slaughter, a massacre mguu, the shin, shin bone, be(cf. ua, v.). Also (2) a wooden tween knee and ankle.
stake used to dig up stones &c.
with, or as a lever, often with an
Muungo, n. (miungo), a
iron point. (Cf. mtaimbo, mchokoo.) fastening, thing which fastens,
esp. a tie, tie- beam, in wooden
Muomo, Mwomo, n. (miomo), construction. (Cf. unga, kiungo.)
variants of mdomo, lip, which is
usual in Z. Ndevu za muomo, or Muungu, n. (miungu,the sing,
only muomo, moustache.
(Cf.
being treated as D 1, the plur. as
mdomo,
D 2). Also may be written
omo.)
*Musimu, n. (no plur.), Mwungu, Mungu, Mngu, (1) God, a
northerly wind, time of the north god; (2) providence, luck,
monsoon at Z., i. e. Dec. to Feb., accident,used to describe
but extended sometimes to the anything unaccountable or
whole season from and to the
period of southerly winds, i. e. unexpected. Words commonly
from October to May. (Ar. For con
other seasons cf. masika, and
mwaka.)

nected

MtJWA

with Muungu are,

Mwenytzi Mngu, i. e. tnwenyi enzi
Muungu, AlmightyGod. Omba M.,
pray to God, also ombakwa M.,
ombca being usually pray for,
intercede. Shukuru M.,
be
resigned, accept the inevitable,
submit,seldom of felt or active
gratitude. Shiriki Muungu, be
wholly given to God,the
strongest expression for a
religious life (cf. shiriki), and
when pressed to its extreme, i. e.
union or sharing the nature,
repudiated by Mahomme- dans,
as impious and inconceivable (cf.
shiba M.). Kumbuka M., meditate on
God. Ngoja M., trust in Providence. Muungu akijalia, God
willing,for the common Ar.
inshal- lah. Muungu akuweke, may
God provide for you (bless you),
is often used by the lower classes,
also M. akubariki. Mbaraka wa
M., Gods blessing. Maskini wa
Muungu, a destitute person, esp. of
a poor freed- slave, deprived by
freedom of all claim to human (i.
e. his masters) protection and
support. (Muungu in various
forms, Mulungu, Muluku, See.,
occurs in most Bantu dialects on
or near the East Coast. Swahilis
sometimes use Mola, but seldom
Allah, as an equivalent. The ideas
conveyed are vague, but in Z.
principally Ma- hommcdan,
whence perhaps the anomalous
plur. (of the inferior mi- class), to
avoid encroachment on the unity
of the Godhead. Cf. Allah, Mola,
Rabbi, and varioustitles of God.
Also uungu, and umuungu.'

259

MVULE

Mwetiyi mvi, a grey-haired old

man. So ftdevu za mvi, grey beard.
Ay- welt za mvi, grey hairs. Mvi
tnweupe or tiycufc. (Cf. unyeU.)

Mviko, n. (mi-), act (style, &c.)

of dressing, clothing, a garment,
dress. (Cf. vika, and syn. uvao,
vazi, nguo.)

Mvinje, n. (mi-), the cassiorina

tree, a kind of fir growing freely
on rocky ground ljear the
seashore in Z.
Mvinyo, n. (no plur., sing, is
treated as D 4 and also D 6),
wine, spirits, esp. the latter in Z. '
(Portuguese. Cf. devai, tembo,
pombe.)

Mviringo, n. (mi-), roundness, a

round shape, anything round, a
circle, a curve, a ring, a washer.
(Cf. viringa, Jitigirisha, and syn.
duara, duru, mduara, tnzingo, pete.)
Mvita, n. the Swahili, name for
the town and island of Mombasa.
Also for Mmvita, an inhabitant of
Mombasa.
Mvua, n. (1) (), rain. Mvua
nyingi (kubwa), heavy rain. Mvua ya
mwaka, a slight rainfall usually in
August. Alikwenda na mvua yakc, he
went in the rain. Also (2) (wa-),
verbal of vua, in all its senses,
mvua samaki, a man fishing, mvua
nguo, &c. (For the rainy seasons
in Z. cf. masika, and mvule, and for
light rain manyunyo.)

Mvuje, n.
n. (rniwa), aUo Mua, the asafoctida.
sugar-cane. Less cultivated in Z.
Mvnke, n.
than formerly. There arc still a produced
by
few mills, producing treacle and a perspiration.
coarse brown sugar (sukariguru).
vukiza, and follg.
Musimu, n. Sec Maixnu.

fetid

gum,

Muwa,

hari,jas/io.)

(mi-),

heat,

vapour
steam,
(Cf.

Also syn. tnoshi,

n. (no plur., sing, is treated

Mvukuto, n. (mi-), bellows,
as D 4 and also D 6]), grey hair. as used by native smiths, i.e. two
Mvi,

leather bags alternately inflated

Mvunjo, n. (mi-), act (time,
and deflated by hand. (Cf. rnfua manner, &c.) of breaking. (See
(mi-) and prcc.) *
Vunja and prec., also kivunjo,
uvunjo.)
,
Mvulana, n. (wa-), a young unmarried man, a bachelor.
(Cf.
Mvuo,
n.
(mi-),
act
(time,manner, place, &c.) of
fishing, fishing ground, catch of
uvulana, and syn. kijana.)
Mvule. n. also Mvuli, and fish. Also in other senses of vua
Vuli, the lesser rains, the short (which see).
rainy season, i.e. November in Z.,
Mvurugo, n. (mi-), (1) messing,
when the north wind begins to set
in. (Cf. masika and follg., and for muddling, mixing up, mixture,
the seasons mwaka. Pcrh. conn, and so (2) of unripe fruit in a
with uvuli, shade, i.e. clouds after squashy, messy condition,
squash, jam. (Cf. vuruga.)
clear weather, or with mvua.)
Mvushi, n. (wa-), (1) a
Mvuli, n. {mi-), a shady place,
shade of a tree, &c. (Cf. kivuli, a ferryman, (2) a preserver. See
patch of shade, a shadow, &c., Vuka.
and uvuli, shade in general, gloom,
Mvuto, n. (mi-), act (manner,
darkness.)
&c.) of drawing. Also in other
Mvuma, n. (wa-) and Mvumi, senses of vuta (which see),
verbal of vuma, one who mutters, pulling, influence, persuasion,
hums, &c. ' See Vuma and follg. perversion, &c. Mvuto wa maji (wa
upepo), current of water (air). (Cf.
Mvuma iiti, name of a bird.
Mvumo, n. (mi-), (i) a
rumbling, muttering sound ; (2) a
report, rumour (see Uvumi) ; (3) a
rubber (in cards, Str.); (4) the
Borassus palm, not common in Z.
island. (Cf. vuma, and for palms
mnazi.)

Mvunaji, n. See Mvuni.

Mvungu, n. (mi-), a hollowedout place, a hollow, hole, empty
space, cavity,e. g. a hole in a
tree, the space under a bedstead,
i.e. mvungu wa kitanda. Mtaka cha
mvunguni huinama, he who wants
what is under a bed must stoop
for it. (Cf. uvungu.)
Mvuni, n. (wa-) and Mvunaji,
one who gathers in a crop, a
reaper, See. (Cf. vuna.)
M vunja, n. (wa-), verbal of
vunja (which see), one who
breaks, destroys, &c.

mkondoi)

Mvuvi,
n.
(wa-),
a
professional
fisherman.
Proverbially quarrelsome over
their fish, and so nyumba ya
wavuvi, a noisy, quarrelsome
household. (Cf. vua, mvuo.)
Mw-, as a pfx. See Mu, and M.
Mwa, prep, form agreeing with
the locative form of nouns in -ni,
of (i.e. mu-a, see Mu, -a), e.g.
nyujnbani mwa Mzungu, in the
house * of the European.
Mwaa, n. also Muaa, Mnyaa,
Myaa, with the plur. miwaa, also
mi- yaa, miaa,(\) the Hyphaene,
or Dwarf, palm, also commonly
known as mko- che and mkoma,
furnishing the leaves, which are
generally used as material for
mats, bags, baskets, coarse cord,
and string, (2) a leaf-blade of
this palm. The blade is divided

MtJWA

into two parts, chane, and each

part slit into three, the central
piece being the finest material
for plaiting, the outsides for
coarser kinds. (Cf. ung'ojtg'o,
utangule, ukindu,
suka.)

ukili,

chatla,

*Mwafa, n. (tniafa), anything

causing fear, danger, a terror,
horror, bugbear, enemy. (Ar. Cf.
hofu, afa, and syn. kioja, kit is ho.)
Mwafaka, n. (mia/aka),
agreement, bargain, conspiracy,
plot. (Ar. Cf. afiki, and syn.
mapatanoi)

Mwafu-, n. (miafu), wild

jasmine. (Cf. afu, yasmini!)
Mwaga, v. pour out, pour
away, spill, waste, empty out.
Ps. mwag- wa. Nt.mwagika. Hence
mwagikia,
-iwa.
Maji
yaliyomwagika hayazoeleki, spilt

water cannot be picked up. Ap.

mwag-ia, -iwa, pour out on (for,
&c.). (Cf. mi- mina.)
Mwaka, n. (miaka), a year.
Two ways of reckoning years
are in use in Z., (1) the lunar
year of twelve lunar months,
Ramathan being counted as the
first month,and about 355
days. This is the Arab official
and
religious
year,
and
beginning ten days earlier each
year has no correspondence with the seasons. (2)
the solar year, with 365 days, the
first day of the year being called
sikuya mwaka, and kept as a
popular festival, the last kigtmzi,
and the days being reckoned by
decades (miongo). It is of Persian
origin, and used for nautical and
agricultural purposes. Mwaka wa
jana, last year. Mw. wajuzi, the year
before last. Mw. wa kesho (or ujao),
next year. Mzva- ka kwa mwaka.
killa mwaka, year by year,

259

MVULE

annually. Mwakani, in a years

time,but often indefinitely,
some day or other, sooner or later.
Mvtta ya mwaka, light rains which
fall usually in August, between
the two rainy seasons. The
seasons in Zanzibar are regular
and well0 defined. The island lying
about 7 south of the equator, the
sun is overhead about October 21
and February 21. These dates are
followed by periods of calm, light
variable winds, and rains,the
greater rains called ma- sika,
chiefly in April, the lesser rains
mvuli in November. When the sun
is in the south, the north wind
blows, and the heat is greatest, i.e.
in December, January, and
February. This is called kaskazi, or
musimti. When the sun is in the
north, the south wind blows, and
the heat is less, i.e. from June to
October. This is called kttsi, and
includes the kiptipwe or cool
period in June and July, following
the heavy rains, and the dematti in
September and October. The
times of calms and light winds are
called malelezi, or tanga rnbili. The
thermometer in the shade in
Zanzibar city 0is seldom above 85
or below 75 night or day. For
other divisions of time sec Mwezi
and Siku. (lerh. cf. waka, and
chaka, the hot season,the latter
seldom heard in Z.)
Mwake, Mwako, a. forms of

-ake, -,ako agreeing with locative

nouns in -/, his (hers, its), your,

c. g. ttyu- mbatti mwake, in his
house.
Mwako, n. (miwako), blaze,
flame, blazing, burning. Mwako
wa moto (jua), blaze of a fire (the
sun). (Cf. waka.)
Mwalamu, n. ([mialamu),a.
stripe, band, line of colour, esp. in
a dress- material. (Cf. mlia, zdepe.)
Mwali, n. (1) (rniwali~), a

Rpphia palm,not common in

Zanzibar island. The mid-rib of
the leaves is very long (20 feet to
30 feet), strong and light, and is
much used for doors (see
Mlango), ladders, and other
purposes. (2) (wall, for zva- alt), a
maiden, a virgin; usually with
mwana, i. e. rnwana mwali, plur.
zvaana wali. (Cf. bikira.)

mwaliko.)

Mwamba, n. (miamba),( 1) a
rock, a mass of rock, a very large
stone, a reef. (2) in building, a
ridge pole or wall-plate, i.e. a
transverse pole, resting on the top
of poles forming the side or roof
of a native house. (Diin. kijamba.)

Mwainbao, n. ( J miambao), (1) a

Mwali, n. (ttyali), flame, passing near to, grazing past, not
tongue of fire. (Arab. Cf. ulimi wa touching, missing contact with;
(2) passing along a shore (in a
moto.)
boat);
Mwaliko, n. (tnial-), (1) a
( 3 ) coast-line, coast, edge
cracking sound, click, clap. (2) an
of the sea. Safari ya
invitation, summons, call. (Cf.
mwambao, a coasting
alika, and mwito)
voyage. Safiri (ruta)
Mwalimu, n. a learned man, a
mwavtbao,
make
a
teacher, a schoolmaster, esp. the
coasting voyage. (Cf.
Mahommedan official teacher atambaa.)
tached to a mosque. (Ar. Cf.
elirnu, alama, mtaalamu.)
Mwambi, n. (waambi), one who
Mwalishi, n. (waal-), one who speaks against another, a
calls, summons, invites, e.g. to a slanderer,
feast, wedding, &c. (Cf. alika%

MWAMtr

202

MWANGA

a critic, a tale-bearer, a gossip. bwana, mtwana, for mtu mwana,

(Cf. amba.)
msijana, mvulana.)
Mwamu, n. {waamu), brotherMwanamizi,n. (waan.), a kind
inlaw, sister-in-law. (Cf. wifi.)
of crab, a hermit crab.
Mwamua,
Mwamuzi,
n.
Mwandamano, n. (miand,.), a
(waam.) a judge, arbitrator, following, procession, retinue.
umpire, mediator. (Cf. arnua, (Cf. andama, and follg.)
maamuzi, and syn. kathi, which
Mwandamizi, n. (waand.), (i) a
marks office rather than function,
follower, an attendant; (3) a sucand hakimui)
cessor, one who comes next after.
Mwana, n. (waana, wand), (i) (Cf. follg.)
*
specifically, child, son, daughter,
Mwandamo,
n.{miand.),act
dependent,of relationship as
such, without reference to age (cf. (time, manner, &c.) of following,
mtoto, which often connotes age). a coming after, a procession.
Huyu ni mwanangu, this is my Mwandamo wa mwezi, the following
child. Akaoa akazaa mwana, he of the moon, the beginning of a
married and begot a son. Mwana month,also mwezi mwandama,
moon
succeeding
or
{wa)
Adamu,
a child (or the
descendant) of Adam, a human following, i. e. the new moon.
being, one of the human race. (Cf. andama, and piec.)
Mwana mwali, a maid, a virgin. (2)
Mwandani, n. {waand.), comin general, without reference to
relationship, a person, one of a panion, associate, friend. (Perh.
class. E.g. Mwana mume {mke), a for mwandamani. Cf. andama, and
man (woman). Mwana maji, a prec., also syn. mwenzi, rafiki.)
sailor. Mwanafunzi, an apprentice,
Mwandazi, n. {waand.), one
disciple, Mwana sheria, a lawyer.
prepares food, cook,
Mwana vyuo, a scholar. Wanakuwa who
waana wazima, they are becoming confectioner, pastry cook. (Cf.
grown-up people (adults). Marra andaa, maanda- si, and mpishi.)
nikaona waana wanakuja, presently
Mwandikaji, n. {waand.), also
I saw people coming. Sometimes
with mtoto, e. g. akakaa hatta Mwandiki, (1) one who arranges,
mwana mtoto asipate, he lived on serves, waits at table, a waiter, a
but did not get a child. Mwana has server ; (2) a writer, copyist,
also various special senses, e.g. amanuensis, clerk. (Cf. andika,
(a) lady of the house, mistress, mwa- ndishi, and follg. Also
and in addressing such a one, karani.)
madam,like bibi, bibi mknbwa.
Mwandiko, n. {miand.), (1) act
Younger ladies of the house are (style,
&c.)
of
writing,
called wa kina mwana, or mamwana. handwriting,
(b) used in polite re
( 2 ) what
is
written,
ference or address to ones own
manuscript,also what
mother,madam. (c) a recess in a
is printed, a writing, a
grave, closed by the kiunza, is
book;
called mwana wa ndani (cf. use of
mtoto, of appendages of various
( 3 ) arrangement,
careful
kinds). (Cf. jana n., kijana, and the
treatment,
same root -ana is perh. seen in

manipulation, e.g. of a shrewdness,

prudence.
(4)
doctor. (Cf. andika, publicity,
making
known,
andiko (ma-), and prec.) showing, advertising, touting.
Jambo hili ni kaiika mwangaza, this
Mwandishi, n. {waand.), (1) one matter is open to all, public
who serves (waits at table), property.
Nifanyic
mwangaza,
waiter,
house-servant
(cf. nikione kitit hiki, give me a chance
mtumishi, boi); (2) a writer, clerk, of seeing, that I may examine the
secretary, amanuensis (cf. karani). article. Miangaza mingi, much
(Cf. andika, and prec.)
showing off (of goods). (5) way
of escape, way out of a difficulty,
Mwanga, n. {mianga), (1) a a solution, a bright idea, a ruse,
light, shining, that which gives e.g. nyangaza (as from uang.) mbili,
light, e.g. mwango wa jua {taa, mmoja hnmpcnya, twofold chance
moto), the light of the sun (lamp, of escape, one saves him. (Cf.
fire); (2) fig. {wa-), a very wise, anga, and follg.)
enlightened person; and esp. (3) a
wizard, sorcerer, supposed to go
Mwangazi, n. {waang.), a
about at night, sometimes in the clever, shrewd, clear-headed,
form of a rat, and frighten people; well-informed person. (Cf. anga,
(4) name of a kind of rice. See mwangafu, mwanga, and prec.)
Mchele. (Cf. anga, and follg.)
Mwango, n. {tniango), (1) a
Mwangafu, n. {waang.), a frame hung against a wall to carry
clever,
enlightened, a native lamp,and so, lampintellectual,bright-witted person. stand,
lampholder,
lamp(Cf. anga, -angafu, ua- ngafu, and suspcndcr (cf. anga, mwanga); (a)
prec.)
for mlango, door
Mwangalizi, n. {waang.), an (which see).
overseer,
manager,
superintendent,
director,
Mwangu, n. form of -angu
administrator. (Cf. angalia, and agreeing with a locative in ni, c.g.
syn. msimamizi.)
sha- mbani mwangu, in my estate.
See Mu- and -angu.
Mwangamizi, n. (waang.), one
who ruins, a destroyer. (Cf. angaMwanguzi, Mwangushi, n.
mia, maangamizi.)
{waang.), one who throws down,
or causes to fall, one who
Mwangaza,n. {miang.), that overthrows (destroys, &c.). Mw.
which makes light, or enlightens, wa nazi, a professional cocoanut
and so (i ) light, brightness, picker,also mkivezi, who charges
clearness, radiance, daylight. Mw. one (or two) pice per tree. (Cf.
wa aifajiri, the first streaks of angua.)
dawn, twilight. Wcitpc na mw.,
brightness and light. Mwangazani,
Mwangwi, n. {miangwi), an
in broad daylight, in full view, (a) echo. (Pcrh. cf. mwanga, wizard,
a hole admitting light and air, as mysterious person.)
in stone houses in Z., an aperture,
*Mwani, n. {tnianz), (1)
small window, loophole. Akaona
tundn dago, aona mwangaza rnbali seaweed (in general) ; (2) an eyeglass.
See Miwani. (Ar.)
sana, and he saw a little hole, a
light-hole a long way off. (3) fig.
Mwanya, n. {m zany a), a gap,
enlightenment,
lucidity,

MWAMtr

breach, hole, notch, narrow pass,

small opening, cleft, crevice. Mw.
wa niguu, a cloven foot. Mw. wa
tidevii, a forked bcaijd. Mlima
wenyi mwanya, a hill with a cleft, a
double- peaked hill. (Cf. pengo,

202

MWANGA

support the mast (mlingote) 'in a

native vessel. See Mlingote, and
Chombo.

*Mwathini, n. (waath.), one

who
calls
Mahommedans
to'prayer
at the mosque at the
ufa.)
regular hours, a muezzin.
(Ar.
Mwanzi, n. {mianzt), a bamboo. Cf. athini, athana.)
Hence of other kinds of reed and
Mwavuli, n. (miavuli), an umcane, and things resembling them
in appearance or use, e.g. a pipe brella, sunshade. (Cf. ?nvuli, uvuli,
or tube of any kind, an ear- kivuli, and tapa.)
trumpet, a musical pipe, flageolet,
*Mwawazi,
n.
(waawazi),
flute, telescope, a stick- used for
hanging things on. Mwanzi wa pua, disposer of events,a title of
God.
(Ar.
Cf.
awaza.)
the nostril. Kalamu ya mwanzi, a
reed pen.
Mwayo, n. (miay o'), a yawn.
Mwanzo, n. (mianzo), (1) act
tnwayo, enda mwayo, yawn.
(time, method, &c.) of beginning, Figa
Mwazi, n. (wawaza),
a start, commencement, first oneMwaza,
thinks (supposes,
stage; (2) origin, primary fancies,who
principle. (Cf. anza, chanzo, and wazi, a.) &c.). See Waza. (Dist.
syn. Ar. asili.)
Mwazimo, n. (miaz.), a
Mwao, n. {miao), (1) a piece of
a
lending,
wood used as a support, prop, or borrowing,
advance, loan.
strut (cf. walio). Also (3) trouble, accommodation,
(Cf. azima, v.)
cfTort, bother (Str.).
Mweko, n. (miweko), a putting
Mwao, a. form of -ao, agreeing
(off, down, away, &c.). See
with a locative in *ni, c.g. mjitti aside
Weka, also Mwiko.
mwao, in their town.
*Mwele, n. (i) (waele), a sick
Mwarabu, n. (Waaralu), an
a bedridden patient, an inArab. One from the south coast of person,
a cripple. (Ar. Cf. uwele, and
Arabia is known as Mshefieri, valid,
mgonjwa.) (2) (miele), the plant
from the north, L e. the Persian syn.
mawele or uwele, i.e. a kind
Gulf, mshcmali. (Ar. Cf. Uarabtt, bearing
of millet with an ear of very small
kiarabu, manga, Arabtoti.)
edible seed (cf. tnawele).
Mwdridi, n. (miwdridi), a roseMweleko, n. (mieleko), used of
tree, the flower being wdridi. (Ar. a leather
sling for a gun. (Dist.
Cf. wdridi.)
mbeleko, ubeleko.)
Mwashi, n. (waashi), a mason,
Mwelewa, n. (wael.), one who
one who builds with stones and understands,
is intelligent,
mortar. (Cf. akaj uashi, and takes a thingwho
in. (Cf. elea, and
contr.
follg., and perh. mwerevu, i.e.
mwelefu, and syn. mtambuzi,
mjenzi.)
mwangafu, &c.)
Mwashiri, n. (miash.), one of
the longitudinal timbers which
Mwelezo,
n.
(miel.),

explanation, sign, indication, prevent progress. Mwe?ido wa

exposition, programme. (Cf. elea, jua, the suns course, orbit. (Cf.
and elezo, and prec. Also syn. enda,
mwenendo,
and
mafafanusi.)

mwendeleo.)

Mwembe, n. (miembe), a mango

tree, bearing the fruit embe. Mangoes and cocoanuts are the commonest trees in Z. Canoes are
made from the hollowed trunk of
the mango. (See Embe, and dist.
uembe, a razor.)

Mwenea, n. (ivaenea), one

who spreads out (pervades,
extends),esp. as a title of
God, as omnipresent,*i. e.
mweneapote. (Cf. enea, mwenezi.)

Mwenda, n. (waenda), verbal

of enda (which see), one who
goes. Nyati ni mwenda pekee, the
(Indian) buffalo is a solitary
beast. Mwenda nguu, one who
despairs. (Cf. nguu.) See Enda.
Mwendeleo, n. (miend.),
progress, advance, movement.
(Cf. enda, and mwendo.)
Mwendelezi, n. (waend.), one
who causes to go on, one who
carries on or forward, and so in
various senses of endeleza (see
Enda). E. g. (1) a persistent,
persevering,
progressive
person; (2) one who copies, one
who spells words.
Mwendo, n. (rniendo), a
going,
moving,
motion,
proceeding, progress, way
(manner, style) of going, gait,
behaviour, course, &c. E. g.
tnwendo wa siku tatu, a three
days* journey. Vunja mwendo,

Mwenendo, n. (mien-), going

on, moving, &c., like mwendo,
but often fig. proceedings,
behaviour, conduct. (Cf. enda,
enenda.)

Mwenenzi,n .(waen-), (1) one

who
measures
(surveys,
compares, &c.) (cf. enenza); (2)
one who goes, a traveller. (Cf.
enenda.)

Mweneza, n. (waen-), one

who allots (distributes, gives
out), esp. as a title of God, the
Giver of good to all. (Cf. enea,
eneza.)

Mwenge, n. (mienge), a torch,

a fire-brand, a wisp of straw or
grass for carrying fire or a light.
Mwenyeji, n. (wenyeji), lit. the
regular possessor (cf. -enyi, and
the formative -ji). Hence (1)
master of a house, householder,
owner, occu

MWENYEWE

pant, citizen, inhabitant of a

town, native (of a place); (2)
host, in relation to guests
(wageni), e. g. ku- tumwe
mwenyeji wetu aende kwa jumbe,
let our host be sent to go to the
chief.
Mwenyewe, n. (wenyezve). See
-enyewe. Sometimes used as
mwenyeji, or mwenyi, e. g. yule
simba ndiye mwenyewe (perh. for
mwenyi wake) asali, that lion is the
owner of the honey.

265

MWEZI

Mwowe, n. (miewe), a bird of

prey, a kind of kite or hawk,
which carries off chickens, &c.
Mweza, n. (waweza), verbal of
weza, one who is able, possessed
of power over (or, to do), a ruler.

Mweza inchi, the ruler of a country.

Mweza mwenyewe, his own master,
an independent power. Mweza
yote, supreme over all things,

Almighty, a title of God,also

mweza kwetu, ruler of our world.
(Cf. mwenyezi.)

Mwenyezi, n. i. e. mwenyi enzi,

Mwezekaji, n. (waez-), a prousually a title of God, the
Possessor of might, the Almighty, fessional thatcher of houses. (Cf.
i. e. mweza yote. The commonest
Swahili term in speaking of God ezeka, and follg.)
is Mwenyezi Mngu. (Cf. -enyi.)
Mwezeko, n. (miez-), act
Mwenyi, n. {wenyi), one who (operation, style) of roofing a
possesses, an owner, an indepen- native house, thatching (with
(Cf.
dent person. See -enyi. Not grass, &c.).
commonly used as a noun, except
ezeka,
and
prec.)
as a title, whether complimentary
or official, and then sometimes
Mwezi, n. (rniezi), (1) the moon
mwinyi, and mttnyi. On the mainland mwenyi mkutt and mwenyi ;
mkubwa sometimes denote the
( 2 ) a month, i. e. a lunar
second and third official under a
month ;
chief,the first being shehe or
waziri. Sometimes also a term of
( 3 ) menses (also damn, and
respectful reference or address, *
hethi, which see). (1)
sir, like Inuana.
Mwezi mkubwa (,mpevu,
kamili,
duara,
wa
Mwenzi, n. (wen:i)t (1) a
mviringo), full moon.
friend, companion, associate,
Mwezi mdogo (mchanga,
acquaintance; (2) of things as well
mpya, mwandama), new
as persons, fellow, counterpart,
moon.
Mwanga
match,
double,
something
(mwangaza) wa mwezi,
resembling or corresponding to
moonshine,
also
another. 1C. g. kahuna rnsiba usio na
mbaamwezi.
Mwezi
mwenziwe. no disaster but has
wapasua
wingu,
another like it. (Cf. ensa, a causal
wachimbtika, waleta attga,
form of enda, i. c. cause to go,
the moon pierces the
accompany, share the actions of,
cloud, it bursts forth, it
and syn. rajiki.)
sheds light. (2) Each
month begins when the
Mwetu, a. form of -ctu,
new moon is first seen,
agreeing with locatives in -ni, our.
or after 30 days from
E. g. ntjini mwetu, in our town.
the last new moon.

Mwezi
mwandamo

mzoandamo, day of the month is it? (3) halves,

wa mwezi, the full moon being the middle

new
moon,
the
beginning of the month.
M. mpungufu, a month of
29 days. M. kamili, a full
month of 30 days. The
month beginning when
Rama- thani ends is
considered the first
month,
and
called
Mfunguo mosi, i. e. the
first non-fasting mouth.
The next arc called
(Mfunguo) pili (or wa

point, the first half being called

mwezi nje, or mwanga mkubwa, the
second mwezi ndani (mchimbu) or
giza.
(4)
in
letters,

documents, agreements, &c. the

days are usually reckoned straight
on from one to thirty, and are
commonly designated by the
number only, e. g. ishirini
Shaabani, the 20th of Shaabani,
mosi Ramathani, the first of
pili), tat it (wa tatu), See, Ramathani. See also Mwaka,
to kettda (wa kenda), the Siku, Tarihi.
ninth month the
Mwia, n. (wawia), a creditor,
remaining three having
the Arab names Rajabu, one who demands payment of a
Shaabani (or Mlisho), debt, a dun. (Cf. wa, v., win, and
Ramathani (mwezi wa mdeni, mkopeshi.)
Mfungo). The other Arab
Mwiba, n. (miiba), (1) any
names arc used in
letters, and in giving small sharp-pointed thing, e. g. a
dates, but are not thorn, prickle, spur, sting, fishcommonly known. The bone, spine, sharp splinter, nail,
month
is
divided defined by context or qualifying
variously into (1) weeks, word, as mwiba wa nynki, a bees
or quarters, i. c. four sting, mw. wa samaki, wa nge, &c.
sets of seven days, junta (2) verbal of iba, one who steals
(ma-). Mwezi ni majuma (cf. follg.)
titannc, the month is
Mwibaji, n. (waibaji), a thievish
four weeks. Hut the
weeks arc reckoned person, a regular thief. (Cf. iba,
independently of the mxvivi, and prec.)
months, the
Mwiga, Mwigaji, n. (waiga,
week and the month not &c.),
who imitates (or,
necessarily beginning together. copies),onebut
commonly, a
(2) decades, kumi {ma-) or tnwongo mocker, mimic, caricaturist.
(Cf.
{miongo), i. e. three sets of ten iga, and follg.)
days, called kumi la kwanza, la kati,
and la kwisha,' the days in each
Mwigo,
n.
{miigo),
(1)
being counted as mwezi mosi, the imitation,
first day of the month, mwezipili, mockery, copying; (2) mimicry,
the second day, and so on,also
mwezi wa mosi, wa pili, &c. counterfeit, forgery, caricature (cf.
Occasionally mwezi mrnoja is used, .iga, and prec.); (3) ( waigo), a
e. g. killa mwezi mrnoja ukiandama, large kind of pigeon or dove. (Cf.
on each succeeding first of the njiwa, hua.)
month. M- wezi ngapi, or siku ya
mwezi ngapi (oxwa ngapi) ? What
Mwiko, n. (miiko), (1) a spoon,

MWENYEWE

or instrument resembling it, e. g. a

masons trowel (cf. mkamshe,
npawa, and kijiko) ; (2) something
put aside, esp. food left over from
a meal, put away from evening to
morning, &c., i.e. chakula cha
mwiko. Also
(3) something
deliberately abstained from, by
order
of
a
doctor,
or
considerations of health, &c. M.
wa nyama, abstention from meat.
M. wa vileo, teetotalism. Shika m.,
live by rule, diet oneself. Mshike
miiko, msionane na wake wenu, keep
the rules, and do not be seen by
your wives. (Perh. cf. weka, at
least for (2), and for the change of
consonant cf. tweka, twika.\
Mwili, n. {miili), a body, human
or animal, and usually a living
body, a whole body, including
head and limbs. Also the trunk of
the body, without the head. (Cf.
kiwiliwili, esp. of the trunk only,
without head or limbs, and maiti,
pinda, of dead bodies. Obs. mwiliis a possible form of -wili,
twofold, double, two, and so perh.
of the body as characterized by
pairs of limbs and symmetrical
sides.)

265

MWEZI

Mwinamo, n. {miin.), a stooping, a bending down. (Cf. inama,

and prec.)
.
Mwinda, Mwindaji, n. (wawittda), a huntsman, one who
hnnts, of any kind of game.
(Cf. winda, mwinzi, windo, and syn.
saka.)

Mwinyi, n. used as a title. See

Mwenyi.
.
Mwinzi,
n.
(wawinzi),
sometimes used for mwinda,
mwindaji (which see, and cf. wind
a).

Mwisho, n. (miisho), act (time,

place, manner, means) of ending,
bringing to an end, end, result,
conclusion, final step, extreme
limit,
consummation,
annihilation, death. Often as adv.,
finally, lastly (cf. hatimd). -a
mwisho, final, last, extreme. (Cf.
isha, and syn. uhpmo, upco, rnpaka,
and contr. mwanzo.)
Mwislamu, n. (Waislamu), a
Mahommedan. Also Msilimu,
Mwaslimu (which see).

Mwita, Mwitaji, n. (wait a),

Mwima, n. {waima), one who
stands erect (or, stands still). (Sel- one who calls (summons, invites).
(Cf. ita, and alika.)
dom in Z. Cf. ima.)
Mwito, n. (miito), act (time,
Mwimbaji, n. {waimb.), a
singer, songster, chorister. (Cf. manner, &c.) of calling, a
summons, an invitation, a call.
imba, and follg.)
Akataayc mwito, kukataa aitiwalo, he
Mwimbishi, n. {waimb.), one who declines a call, declines what
who teaches, or leads singing, a he is called for. (Cf. ita, and prec.)
singing master, a conductor. (Cf.
Mwitu, n. (, and miitu),
imba, and prec.)
forest, implying large trees and
Mwimo, n. {miimo), an upright close together. Mwitu mnene, a
or side-piece of a door-frame. thick, dense forest. -a mwitu, wild,
savage, untamed. jYyama ya mwitu,
(See Mlango, and cf. ima.)
a Wild animal. Gugu mwitu, a
(Cf.
msitu,
thick
Mwinamishi, n. {wain.), one weed.
who causes to bend (stoop). (Cf. underwood, jungle, nyika, open
grassy forest fcparscly covered
inama, and follg.)
with trees, alsopoli, pululu.)

Mwivi, n. (wevi), Mwizi (west),

a thief, robber, kidnapper,
swindler. Mwivi hushikwa na mwivi
mwe- nziwe, a thief is caught by his
fellow- thief. (Cf. iba, mwihaji,
uizi, and syn. mnyansfattyi, mkopi,
pakacha, mlungula.)

mendicant. (Cf. omba, mwomba,

mwombi, and follg.)
Mwombezi, n. (waomb.), one
who begs on behalf of (or,
against) another, an intercessor,
pleader,
advocate,also,
opponent.
(Cf.

Mwoga, n. (waoga),(\) a
coward, a timid person (cf. oga, omba, and follg.)
ogopa, and syn. mho/ti); (a) a
Mwombi, n. (waombt), one who
bather (from oga, bathe, cf. oshd).
makes a petition (or, prayer), a
petitioner, a suppliant. (Cf. omba,
Mwogofyo,n.(//0f.),
threatening, denunciation. (Cf. muomba, mwombaji.)
ogofyai)

Mwomo, n. (miomo), lip,for

Mwoko, n. (tnioko), act usual mdomo (which see).
(process, &c.) of baking, roasting.
Mwongezi,h.
(waongi)also
(Cf. oga,joko.)
Mwo- ngoa, one who talks
Mwokotaji, n. (waoki), and (gossips, passes the time, amuses,
Mwo- kosi, one who picks up, &c.). Mivongczi haongezwi, one
one who finds by chance. . (Cf. who amuses is not amused. (Cf.
okola.)

ongea.)

Mwongo, n. (xvaongo), a liar,

Mwokozi, n. (waoh.), one who
saves,
a
saviour,
rescuer, impostor, inventor of falsehoods,
preserver, deliverer. (Cf. okoa, dc- ccivcr, perverter of truth.
(Cf. uongo, Ongo, and dist. follg.)
wokovu.)
Mwomba, n. (waomba), one
who asks (begs, prays),verbal
of omba, governing a noun
following. M. pesa, one who asks
for money. M. dua, one who
makes a special petition. M.
Muuttgu, a man of prayer, a devout
person. (Cf. omba, and

Mwongo, n.(miongv), (t) number,

reckoning, rank. Usually in pluf.
hamo katika miottgo yao, he is not
one of them, and in the phrase miongoni mwa, used prcpositionally,
among the number of, on the side
of, from among; (a) a period of
foil*)
time, csp. a decade, sometimes
Mwombaji, n. (waomb.), a used as a
beggar, a professional beggar, a

MWONGOFU

268

MWUNZI

division of the Swahili month. mfishaji.) m Mwuguzi, n. (waug.),

(See Mwezi, and syn. kurni. Dist. one who tends or has the care of
prec.)
the sick, medical attendant, nurse.
(Cf. ugua, and syn. tnlezi.)
Mwongofu, n. (waong.), one
who
is
directed,
guided,
Mwujiza, n .(miuf.), anything
instructed, put in the light way, wonderful,
extraordinary,
and so in religion, i. e. mwongofu supernatural, a wonder, a surprise,
wa dini, a convert, a proselyte. a miracle. (Cf. syn. ajabu, mzungu,
Mwongofu wa kazi, a proficient in shani, and perh. kioja.)
an art, a good workman. (Cf.
Mwumba, n. (waumba), also
ongoa, uongofu, and follg.).
Muumba, one who creates, esp.
Mwongozi, n. (waong.) ,also the
Mwo- ngoshi, one who shows the
right way (guides, leads), and so, Creator of all things,God.
a skilled workman who can show Mwumba ndiye Mwumbua, the
others how to work (cf. fundi), or a Maker is the Destroyer. (Cf.
guide, pilot (cf. the usual umba, Muumba, and follg.)
kiongozi). (Cf. ongoa.)
Mwumbaji, n. (waumb.), one
Mwonjo, n. (mionjo), a who . creates,' usually of God
only, the Creator. (Cf. umba, and
tasting, a trial. (Cf. onja.)
prec.)
Mwosha, n. (waosha), also
*Mwumini, n. (waumini), a
Mo- sha, (1) one who washes,
in general, but also (2) esp. of one believer, i. e. a Mahommedan.
who is engaged to wash a corpse, (Ar. Cf. amini, mmunina.)
and prepare it for burial, an
Mwumishi, n. (waum.), a proundertaker,sometimes one of
three, who each take a part. fessional cupper. (Cf. umika.)
Mwosha naye huoshwa, the washer
Mwumizi, n. (waum.), one
of corpses is himself one day a
corpse. (Cf. os ha, oga, and also who hurts, causes pain. (Cf.
uma, umizi.)
fua, dobi.)
Mwunda, n. (wa-), one who
Mwosho, n. (miosho), act
(place, manner, &c.) of washing. constructs, esp. of woodwork.
Also mwundi (wa chombo, &c.), a
(Cf. osha,josho, and prec.)
shipwright, who does the work.
Mwozi, n. (waozi), one who Mwundi- sha, the person who
has to do with marrying or orders, arranges, or contracts
causing
to
marry,whether for the work. Mwu- ndiwa, the
bridegroom, parent, or official. person to whose order or for
whose trade the work is done.
(Cf. oa, oza, maozi, &c.)
(Cf. unda, rnwunzi.)
Mwua, n. (waua), also Mua,
Mwungama,n.
(waung.)-,
verbal of ua, one who kills,
one who acknowledges (admits,
murders, puts to death.
confesses) wrongdoing. Used
as a title of Mahommed. (Cf.
Mwuaji, n. (wauaji), also
ungama.)
Muaji, a slayer, murderer,
assassin, destroyer of life. (Cf. ua,
Mwungamishi, n. (waung.),
uuaji, and prec. Also mchinjaji,

one who invites (receives,

extorts) confession, &c. (Cf.
ungatna.)

Mwungamo, n. (miung.), (1)

acknowledgement
of
obligation,
confession,
admission of guilt (cf. unga- ma,
and prec.); (2) a plant,' which
produces ungamo, a yellow dye
for matting. . (Cf. manjano.)
Mwungo, n. (miungo), also
Mu- ungo, a joining together, a
joint, e. g. mwungo wa kufuli, to
describe a dovetail joint, lit. a
lock-joining. (Cf. unga v., and
the more usual ungo, kiungo.)
Mwunzi, n. (waunzi), also
Mwunda, Mwundi, one who
constructs (frames, builds), esp.
of
a
carpenters
and
shipwrights work. Mwunzi wa
chombo, a shipbuilder. (Cf. unda,
and see Mwunda.) .
Mwunzi, n. usually in the
plur., i.e. miunzi, whistling
(which see).
Mwuza, D , (wauza), verbal of
uza, one who sells. Mwuza nguo, a
draper. Mwuza samaki, a fishmonger, &c. Also mwuzazi, a professional seller, a dealer, a
salesman. Contr. mnunuzi, a buyer,
a customer. (Cf. uza.)
'

*Mzaha, n. ('), fun, joke,

ridicule, derision. Jina la m., nickname. Fatty a m., do in fnn. Fatty izia m.y make fun of. (Ar. Cf.
thihaka, ubishi, mehezo.)

Mzalia, n. (wa-), with Ps. sense,

one born at (or, in a place), a
native (of a given spot), and esp. a
home- bom slave, one bom in the
house or country of his master.
Such slaves rank above the raw
slave (tnjinga) from the interior.
(Cf. zaa, and follg., and see
Mtumwa.)
Mzalrhu, Mzalishi, n. (wa-), a
midwife. (Cf. zaa, and prec.)
Mzaliwa, n. (wa-), one bom
(at), e.g. mzaliwa huko (or, wa
htiko), one bom there, a native.
Mzama. n. (wa-), verbal of
zarna, one who sinks, or dives in
water. Also Mzamaji (wa-), a
diver, but commonly mzamia
(lulu), one who dives for (pearls).
(Cf. zarna, and mzamishi.)
Mzambarau, n. (mi-), a kind of
Eugenia, a large fruit-tree, bearing
a kind of damson or sloe,
zambarau.

Mzamishi, n. (wa-), one who

employs divers. Also Mzaraiaho,
causing to sink, plunging in water,
employment of divers. (Cf. zarna,
Mbaa. n. (wa-), verbal of zaa, zamisha, and mzama.)
governing the word following,
Mzamo, n. (mi-), diving,
one who begets, or gives birth to.
Mzaa bibi, great-grandmother. (Cf. plunging (in liquid), drowning.
(Cf. prec., and zarna.)
zaa, mzazi, kizazi, mzaa.)
*Mzandiki,
n.
(wa-),
a
*Mzabibu, n. (mi-), a vine,
the fruit being zabibu. Tawi la mz., a hypocrite, liar. (Ar. Cf. mnajiki,
bunch of grapes. (Ar. zabib, mwottgo.)
raisin.)
Mzao,
n.
(wa-),
child,
Mzabuni, n. (wa-), a buyer, a offspring, descendant. (Cf. zaa,
bidder at a sale. (Ar. Cf. zabuni', mzazi. Perh. for mzawo.)
and the common B. syn. mnuttuzi.)
Mzawa, n. Ps. verbal of zaa,

MWONGOFU

268

MWUNZI

see Mzaliwa, which is the form of worship, i. e. where offerings

commonly used.
and prayers are made to spirits,
whether of ancestors or others. In
Mzazi, n. (wa-), one .who Z. it is usually a rock, cave, tree,
begets, or bears offspring, a or ruin, and the offerings are rags
parent (male or female). Used of calico, cooking pots, and
also of (i) a woman recently occasionally small coin. Peleka
delivered, and (2) a prolific kiln mzimuni, go and make an
parent. (Cf. zaa, and -zazi, uzazi, offering. (Cf. kuzimti, the state
kizazi.)
after death, the world of
disembodied spirits, death (as a
Mzee, n. (wa-), (1) an old state), the grave. Also zimwe, a
person, an elder, (2) a parent, (3) spirit, ghost, demon, and wazimit,
an ancestor. Mzee mrnoja mzee madness, lit. spirits. Perh. also cf.
sana, one old man was very old. zimu, ziniua, zimuka, meaning to
An old woman is usually kizee. become cold, be extinguished, put
(Cf. perh. zaa, also uzee, kizee.)
out. Contr. the tn of mzimu of *
place within which, with the
Mzibo, n. (mi-), (1) a stopping more general ku of kuzimti, the
up, closing a hole (path, passage, whole
environment,
general
&c.), a plug, a stopper, bung, &c. condition.)
Also (2) fig. a check, a stop, a
deadlock. (Cf. ziba, kizibo.)
Mzinduko, n. (mi-), (i) opening
ceremony,
inauguration;
(2)
Mzigo, n. (mi-), a load, a awakening suddenly from sleep.
burden, esp. of such a load as a (Cf. zinduka.)
.
caravan porter (mpagazi) carries on
his head in East Africa, i. e. about
Mzinga, n. (mi-), anything of a
60 lb. weight. Also fig. of a cylindrical
shape,a
round
sorrow, bereavement, infirmity. hollowed log, a native beehive
Mizigoya kuia- futa, odd jobs of (usually a hollowed section of a
porterage. Twika ///., shoulder a tree, and fixed in a tree), a cannon
load (i.e. usually, place on the (from its shape). Piga mzinga, fire
head). Tua (pattga) m., lay down a a cannon. Mizinga ya salaam, a
load. Funga rnizigo, prepare for a salute (by cannon). (Cf. zinga,
journey, pack, make preparations mzingo, zu- nguka, &c.)
(for any undertaking). Jiwaga m.,
throw a load on the ground. (Cf.
Mzingile, n. (mi-). Mzingile
mtumba, mpagazi.)
mwambiji, a labyrinth, a maze, a
puzzle (Str.). (Cf. zinga, and
Mziko, n. (mi-), act (manner, follg.)
&c.) of burial. (Cf. zika, and the
more usual rnaziko.)
Mzingo, n. (mi-), in general, a
rounding, curving, bending, and
Mzima, n. (wa-), (1) a person in so used to denote (1) circuit,
good health, in sound condition of bend, winding (e. g. of a river),
mind and body, whole; (2) a full- turn; (2) working on a curve,
grown person, an adult. (Cf. making a bevel, making a round
-zitna, a. Mzima is also verbal n. mat or basket; (3) circumference,
from tirna, v., one who distance round; (4) environment,
extinguishes, puts out (a light, neighbourhood, margin of a pool
fire, &c.).)
or stream, what is around one.
Hence
used
prepositionally,
Mzimu, n. (?;-), a native place mzingo wa, around, on all sides of.

mzingo, around, enclosing, boiled, &c. (Cf. mwiko and shina.)

surrounding. Shona mzingo, sew in
Mzizimizi, n. (wa-), one who
a curve. Mzingo ni mzunguko wa
mviringo, mzingo means going sinks, goes to the bottom,
suddenly
and
round in a circle. (Cf. zinga, disappears
completely. Hence, an adventurer,
mzinga, zunguka.)
stranger, swindler, who suddenly
*Mzinzi, n. (wa-), an adulterer, vanishes leaving no traces. (Cf.
a fornicator, a , debauchee. (Ar. zizimia.)
Cf. zini, uzini, zinifa.)
Mzo, n. (mizo)also Mso, a
Mzishi, n. (wa-), one who has measure of weight or dry
to do with a burial, and so (1) an measure, viz. 10 frasila, or 60 pis
undertaker, who manages it,. or hi, i.e. about 350-360 lb.,
gravedigger; (2) a friend who equivalent to jizla. (Ar.)
attends it, esp. a trusted, intimate,
Mzoea, n. (wa-), verbal of zoea,
bosom friend, as being relied on
for securing decent burial. (Cf. one who is used, accustomed (to),
practised (in), familiar (with).
zika, mazishi.)
Mirni mzoea sana naye, I am on
Mzizi, n. (mi-), (1) a root, quite familiar terms with him.
rootlet, i. e. kishina kidogo cha mtini (Cf. zoea, -zoefu.)
.
chini, the small root-fibres of a
Mzofafa, adv. on tiptoe, with a
tree beneath the ground; (2) perh.
from the use of roots in native strut, proudly. (Ar. zap\for
medicine,

a
doctors mzafzaf.)
prescription, dose, medicine, deMzoga, n. (mi-), carcass, dead
scribed according to the way it is
to be used, e. g. wa kuchoma, to be body, carrion,not usually of ^
heated ; wa kusaga, to be human body, corpse, i. e. maiti.
pulverized ; wa kuchanjia, for (Cf, mwili, pinda.)
inoculation; wa kutafnna, to be
chewed; wa ku- c hems ha, to be *Mzomari, n. a kind of scent,
-a

MZOMEO
N one who is
? rosewater.
(Dist. msomari, a271 Mzuzu, n. (1) {wa),
nail, and zomari, a pipe, flute.)
inexperienced, at a loss what to
do, and so a simpleton, a newMzomeo, n. (mi-), derisive, sar- comer (greenhorn, tender-foot),
castic, insulting noises or speech. an ignoramus. Also (2) name of a
(Cf. zotnea.)
kind of banana (sec Ndizi). (Cf.
zuzua, and syn. mjinga, mgeni,
Mzuka, n. {wa-), one who ap- baraihuli.)
pears suddenly, and so, an apN.
parition, ghost, spirit, goblin. (Cf.
zua, zuka, kizuka, rnzushi.)
N represents the same sound as
This sound involves
Mzungu. n. (i) {wa-^, a in English.
difficulties than any other in
European. Mzungu vnveusi, a more
Swahili,its
Europeanized native (cf. kizungu, learning
grammatical function, together
Uzungu). (2)
{mi-),
with
its
peculiar
phonetic
something wonderful,
affinities, producing the only
of words which can be
startling, surprising, ingenuity, forms
cleverness, a feat, a trick, a called exceptional or irregular.
wonderful device. IVazungii watta
It may be considered A. as a
niizungu, or mizungu kwa IVazungu, sound,
B. as a formative prefix.
i. e. Europeans are always
astonishing. (Cf. -zu/igu, and perh.
A. The sound n is either (1)
conn, with zunguka, kizunguzungu.) purely consonantal, or (2) semivocal.
Mzunguko, n. {mi-), in general,
a going round, a being round, a
( 1 ) Asa pure consonant, n
surrounding, and so (1) revolving, can be combined with any vowel,
circular motion, turning, wh but only five consonants, viz.
irling, &c.; (2) eddy, whirlpool, d,g,j,y, and z, e. g. ndio, ngoja, ttjaa,
circular course, orbit, circuit; nyurnba, tizuri.
(3)enclosing,surrounding,
besieging (cf. mazingiwa) ; (4)
When its function as a prefix
sauntering, idling, shilly-shallying (see below) would require its use
(cf. zutiguka). (Cf. zunguka, in combination with other
zuttguko, and mzingo, zi/tga.)
consonants, the effect is as
follows :
Mzungusho, n. {mi-), a causing
to go round, a surrounding, an enBefore b, ti becomes m, e. g.
closing or placing round, &c. mbaya for nbaya.
Also Mzungushi {wa-), one who
causes to go (or, be) round. (Cf.
Before w, n becomes m, but the
mzunguko, and zunguka, sungusha.) w following is also changed into
b, e. g. mbili for itwili, mbingu for
Mzushi, n. {wa-), also Mzuei, nwitigu.
one who causes to penetrate
through and so emerge, who
Before r (or its convertible
causes something to appear sound /), n is retained, but the r
suddenly. Hence (1) an innovator, (or /) is changed into d, e. g. ndcfu
inventor, reformer, revolutionist, for nrefu, ndimi, plur. of ulimi. Cf.
heretic,
&c.;
(2)
tell-tale, also tid, in words like nditrne,
slanderer, gossip-monger, See. ndoa, ndoto, &c. (perh. indicating a
(Cf. uzushi, iua, zuka, mzuka.)
lost l in the root).
9

Before k, p, t, n is represented,
if at all, by giving an explosive
force to those consonants, e. g.
pepo as the plur. of upepo.
Before <h,f, h, m, r,%and v, ft
docs not appear, i. c. cannot be
pronounced as a pure consonant.
( 2 ) Asa semi-vowel, or scmiindc- pendent syllabic, n is
limited, with few exceptions, to
use before g, ch, j, %, d, t, s or
another n. Thus it sometimes
represents the prefix tti in verbs,
ns in mi a pend a, ntakwenda, for
ninapenda, nitakwenda, and appears
in the words ttge, ttje, nta, ncha,
-ttgi,-ngine, -mo, -mi, ntte,in
which n inclines to the sound of
in, especially in the dialect of
Zanzibar and in the words -ingine,ingi, inzi. This faintly vocalized
use of n is sometimes indicated by
writing it n or n\ and accounts for
the sound ny- which it often
assumes before vowels, e.g.
nyumba, nyekundtt, nyingi.

limitations given above, and

excepting the pronominal and a
few other adjectives. Obs.
however, the two common irregular forms njema (and ngetna) for
nyema, and mpya (for the
inadmissible monosyllable pya),
also nd for - (ny-) in ndoto, ndnme,
ndoa, ndio, ndui, and nduma, as
plur. of uma (perh. to characterize
the n as prefix, and not part of the
root).
Na is a B. particle, used as a
conj.,prep., and with a verbal
signification, with the general
idea of connexion, association, or
the opposites. Like kwa and katika
it is one of the commonest
particles in Swahili.

1. As a conjunction. (a) na,

simply connective, * and, but
connective mainly of nouns,
pronouns, or their equivalents, not
commonly of sentences, or
adjectives, which in Swahili
usually follow each other without
a separate connective particle, e.
(For further remarkson the n g. mirni na wewe, I and you, baba
sound, see Ny-, Ng, Nya, and na mama, father and mother;
Njoo.)
e. g. wapikieni na nyama wapetti
B. As a prefix, n is
wale washibe walale, cook for them,
and give them meat, so that they
( 1 ) In verbs a shortened form may eat and be satisfied, and go
of ni, i.e. the Pers. Pfx. subjective to
sleep.
(The
common
and objective of the i Pers. S. connectives of paragraphs are
nnapenda, I love, amentia, he has hatta and bassi.) Even when
called me. Cf. also ndi (for ni) in beginning a paragraph, na is as a
ndio, ndiwe, &c. See Ndi-, and obs. rule in close connexion with a
the irreg. Imperat. n-joo, from ja. noun. When used to connect two
verbs, when .the verbs are quite
( 2 ) In nouns, n or ny- (before a distinct in mood, tense, &c., e. g.
vowel) is a common initial of D 6 omba, na utapewa, ask and you will
and the Plur. Pfx. characteristic of receive, &c., the latter verb is
D 4, with various euphonic commonly in the Infinitive (i.e.
variants (see above).
noun) form, the force of the
inflections of the first verb, mood,
( 3 ) In adjectives, n or ny- is the tense, person, &c., being,
Pfx. agreeing with D 4 (P), D 6, however, carried on to the second,
subject
to
the
euphonic e. g. moyo wangu wani- ambia, Soma

na kusali, myMZOMEO
'heart says to me,271

Read and pray. Even when

connecting two adjectival ideas,
the second is often in noun form,
e.g. inchi kubwa na uzuri, an extensive and beautiful country,
otherwise inchi kubwa nzuri. (3) na
qualifies, and corrects, and yet,
withal,
even,connexion
suggesting some difference,
whether with nouns or verbs. Na
tungoje bassi, let us even wait then.
Akala na nguruwe, he ate even
pork. . Na is thus commonly used
with pronouns, after a verb, with
an idiomatic force qualifying the
verb rather than the pronoun, e. g.
njoo nawe, do come along, I wish
you would come, lit. come even
you. Atakaja naye, he is sure to
come, lit. even he will come. Kafa
naye, he is actually dead.
2. As a preposition, the main
idea of na is connexion or
association, i. e. with, whether
in thought, place, or time, but is
inclusive of many correlative
ideas, e. g. disconnexion, distance
as well as nearness, reciprocation,
separation as well as union,
subtraction as well as addition, i.
e. from as well as * with, by,
to. E. g. alikwenda na baba yake, he
went with his father (also, he
went and (so did) his father, or *
his father went also,*

or even his father went ). Thus

(a) na is the characteristic
preposition of the Agent with a
passive verb, aliu- awa na adui, he
was killed by his enemy,the
instrument being denoted by kwa.
But na may be used of any active
force, and also of the instrument.
Alishikwa na homa, he was seized
with fever. Alipigwa na Jimbo, he
was beaten with a stick,also
kzva Jimbo, or Jimbo alone. Also in
other passive constructions, e. g.
alitokwa na damu, he bled, (/>) na is
used with adjectives and adverbs
in consonance with its main idea,
e. g. sawa na, equal to ; mbali na (or
ya), distant from, different from;
karibu na (or ya), near to; pamoja
na, together with. (c) na is frequently connected with the Rp.
form of verbs (which appears to
be formed with it), shindana na,
contend with, agana na, take leave
of, tengana na, be divided from,
athana tia, depart from.
3. Ara has a very common and
important use in connexion, and
in combination, with the verb
-wa, be, and those other forms,
including the person-prefixes,
which are regularly used with the
meaning of -wa ^see -wa),
especially li with* the relative,
and the person-prefixes, ni, u, a, o,
. li, zit ma,ya,pa, ku, Sec. With all
these na is used (and too
commonly to need illustration) to
express (a) having, () being,
existing. Thus (a) -wa na, See.,
have, lit. be with, e. g. alikuwa na
malt, he had property. Kitabu alicho
nacho, the book which he has.
Sinn nguvu, I have no strength.
Yuna ajya ? anayo, Has he health ?
he has (it), (b) -wa na, be, exist.
Palikuwa na mtu, there was a man.
Kuna nini ? What is there ? What
is the matter ? IZakuna kitu, there
is nothing. In some negative
phrases na seems to lose all trace
of its connective meaning and
prepositional force, and to
represent itself the force of a
verb, c. g. hakuna,

there is not. (Kuna {ina,patta,

See.), there is, is not used
alone, but with a noun or
pronoun following, or another
element in combination, e. g.
kunako, zinazo.) In all uses na is
very commonly compounded
with the pronouns (nami, naive,
naye, nasui, See.), and with the
relative forms of other prefixes
(e. g. nayo, nalo, nazo, napo,
ttako, &c.).
-na, as a tense-prefix, is the
sign of the Pres. Indef., e. g.
anakuja, he is coming. The
forms of this tense are
constantly used in the sense of
the Pres. Partic. (as the forms of
the me tense are for the Past
Partic.), e. g. akamwona anakuja,
he saw him coming. (For -na
combined with person-prefixes,
e. g. nina, zina, hamna, kuna, See.,
see Na, 3.)
*Naam,
a
common
affirmative
particle,
Yes,
Certainly, I understand, It is so.
(Ar. Cf. neema, and syn. ndio,
vema, a-hee.)
Nabii, n. (rna-), a prophet, a
preacher of righteousness, one
who foretells the future. Used
of Adam, Noah, Abraham,
Jesus Christ, and others, as well
as of Mahomet. (Ar. Cf. bashiri,
tabiri.)

Nadi, v. (1) call, summon,

announce publicly, proclaim.
Mnada wa Sultani unattadiwa, the
Sultans proclamation is being
made. Akoto- kea litlali akanadia
kusali, Bilali appeared and
called to prayers. (2) hold a sale
(or public auction). IVatu
wananadi

vitu

kwa

makelele,

people arc having a noisy sale.

Mtu anadiye nguo, a man who
sells clothes by auction. (Ar.

MZOMEO
Cf. mnoi/a, mnadi
, and dalali.)

271

Nafaka, n. corn, grain,in

general, including rice, maize,
millet, &c. (Ar.)
Nafani, n. (1) breathing time,
space, room, opportunity, leisure,
relief, spare time ; (2) means,
money, wealth. Sina najasi, I have
no time, I am too busy. (Ar. Cf.
nafsi, najusi, and syn. pumuzi,
pumuzika.

)Naflsi, v. usually nafisisha,

accommodate
with
money,
relieve, put in easy circumstances.
Rf. ji- najisisha, make oneself
comfortable. Nt. najisika, get out
of poverty, become well off, be
relieved. (Ar. Cf. prec. and

Mtumwa tnwema n.y a fine goodlooking slave. (Ar. Cf. -ema, -zima,
-zuri.)

Nahau, n. (), explanation,

unfolding of meaning, and so (i)
grammar, syntax; (2) excuse,
quibble, subterfuge. N. ya maneno,
an evasive statement. Killa neno
Una n. yake, every word has its
meaning. (Ar. for the more
common maana, tafsiri, elezo. Also
for grammar, cf. sarufi.)
*

adorn with carving, &c. Ps. nakishiwa. Ap. nakish-ia, -iwa. (Ar. Cf.

Nakili, n. also Nakli, Nakulu,

a copy, an imitation, a translation,
duplicate. Nakili ya waraka, copy
of a letter. v. copy, transcribe,
tana/usi.)
translate. Ps. nakiliwa. Nt. nakilika.
Nafsi, n. (), also Nafusi, Ap. nakil-ia, -iwa.
vital spirit, breath, soul, self,
person, individuality, essence. Cs. nakil-isha, -ishwa. (Ar. Cf.
Generally used to emphasize fuatisha, iga, and manuku. Dist.
personality, e. g. mimi nafsi yangu nakiliy for nakiri, Arab, not often
(or bi nafsi yangu), I myself. used, reject, disapprove.)
Wakachukizwa nafsizao, they were
Nako, for na huko, and there.
deeply offended. (Ar. Cf. nafasi.)
Nakshi, n. and Nakishi,
Nafuu, n. (), profit,
advantage,
gain,
progress, carving, carved ornament, fine
engraving,and
equipment, assistance, e. g. in chisel-work,
money or food, for a journey; esp. used of any ornamentation of
appearance,
e.g.
of improvement in health, con- similar
valescence. Amepata nafuu, he has embroidery, painting. Piga (kata)
got better (like hajambo). (Ar. Cf. nakshiy carve, adorn with carving
(embroidery, &c.). v. carve,
syn. rizikiy vifaa,faida.)

Nahotha, n. (ma-), also Nakhotha, Nahoza, captain,of a vessel.

(Ar.)

Najisi, -najisi, a. unclean,

dirty, impure, profane. v. also
Najisi- sha, defile, contaminate,
pollute, profane. (Ar. Cf. unajisi,
chafua, and syn. B. -chafuy -a
takataka.)

choray pamba.)

*Nakudi, n. cash, ready money,

a trifle. Nunua kwa nakudi, buy offhand, buy on the spot, i. e. mkono
kwa mkono. (Ar. Cf. sarifu.)
*Nakulu, n. See Nakili.
Nama, v. bend down. See
Inama.
*Nambari, n. a (single)
number, e.g. the number which
marks an object, person, &c.
(Eng. number.)
Nami, for na mimi, and I, even
me. See Na.

Nakawa, a. clear, good-looking,

n. (), also Namuna,
in sound condition, of fine (1)Namna,
example, sample, pattern,
quality, of persons and things. model,
kind; (2) special sort,
Pembe n., good sound ivory. perfect sort,
example, model, a rarity,

274NAFISI S

NANGA

choice article. Wataka namna gani? genealogy, lineage. (Arab.)

What sortdoyouwant? Nguo hiiya
*Nasibu, n. chance, fortune,
namna, this calico is the best.
luck, accident. Awa nasibu,
(Hind. Cf. Ar. ginsi, aina.)
accidentally, not on purpose, by
Namua,
v. draw away, chance. (Ar. Cf. bahati.)
disengage, get out of a difficulty,
Nasihi, v. give good advice
take out of a trap, set free. (Not
(to), counsel wisely. Also n. a
common in Z.)
sincere friend, faithful counsellor,
*Nana, n. and Nanaa, mint. wise adviser. (Ar. Cf. mshauri.)
(Ar.)
Nata, v. be sticky, adhere, stick.
Nanasi, n. (ma-), pine-apple, Utomvu wafenessi wana/a sana, the
the fruit of the tnnanasi. Common sap of the jack-fruit is very sticky.
in Zanzibar, in two principal Ap. natana, stick together. (Cf.
varieties. Yields a fibre, used as ambata, gattda.)
string. (Ar. Cf. unanasi.)

*Nathari, n. (i) look, glance;

Nane, -nane,n. and a., eight, -a (3) attention, consideration; (3)
nane, eighth. (Cf. Ar. themani, choice, discretion, judgement.
which is rarely used, and perh. Nathari yako (or, kwako), it is for
nne, four.)
you to choose. Sina n., I have no
choice. (Ar. Cf. hitiari.)
Nanga, n. an anchor,
properly, of the four-fluked
*Nathifu, a. also Nadifu, clean,
pattern
commonly
used,a neat, well-kept. Nyumba yoke naEuropean two-fluked anchor
thifn sana, his house was in very
good order. (Ar. Cf. saJi, sa/idi.)
being baura. Tia (pulizd) nanga, cast
(let go) anchor. Ng'oa nanga,
Nathiri, n. vow, solemn
weigh anchor. (Cf.
baura, promise, dedication of something
kotnbe,
to God. IVeka make a vow. Ondoa
., fulfil (perform) a vow. (Ar.)
flake, also amari, cable.)
*Nauli, n. fare, charge for
Nani, pron. interrog., What freight (or, conveyance), passageperson (persons)? Who? Jitta lako money. Also v. hire, pay fare for
tiatii? What is your name? -a natii, passage (carriage, &cA. Cs.
Whose? (Cf. ninijini, and
natilisha, let for freight (carriage,
conveyance), charter, be a ships
Nao, for na hao, or na wao, and broker. (Ar.)
these, and they. Napo, for na hapo,
and there. (See Na.)
Naws, v. wash ceremonially,
perform ablutions, according to
Xf&sa, v. get hold of, catch in the prescribed Mahommedan
a trap, hold fast. Ps. nasiva. Nt. custom, esp. wash the hands and
nasika. Ap. nas-ia, -iwa. Cs. nas- face,tawaza being used of the
iska, -ishwa.
(Cf. tega,guia, feet, chaniba of other parts of the
body. Sometimes nawa mikono
kamata, and perh. wa/a.)
(tiso, nriguu). Ps. nawiwa. Nt.
nawika. Ap. naw-ia, wash with (at,
*Nasaba,
n.
pedigree,

by, &c.). Majiya kunawia, water for

ablutions. Cs. nawisha, e. g.
nawisha watu mikono, i.e. bring
people water to wash with. (Cf.
also oga,fttai and tohara.)
Naye, for na yeyet and he, even
him. Mjinga tti mtu naye, a fool is
after all a fellow man. (See Na.)
Nazi, n. (), the ripe fruit of
the cocoanut-palm (mnazi), which
is very plentiful in Z. (as well as
the neighbouring islands and
coast) and one of the most
important commercial products.
Nazi
is the most general
descriptive name, but seven
stages in its^ development are
distinguished under the names
(which see): (1) uptinga, the first
forming of the fruit on the flower
stem; (2) kitale, a young nut; (3)
kidaka, half-grown; (4^ dafu, fullgrown and full of milk (w<y7),
also cf. urambcramber and tonga;
(5) koroma, when the milk is decreasing, and nutty part forming;
(6) nazi, fully ripe, no milk, and
nut hardening ; (7) nazi kavu, the
nutty pa/t dry and separating from
the shell. Cf. mbata. Also joy a, a
nut full of a white spongy nutsubstance; kizimwi, without milk
or nut ; rna- kutnbi, the fibrous
husk; kifttu, the hard inner shell
(dist. kifuo, a stake used for
ripping off the husk); u/utt, the
nutty part inside it; kizio, half a
nut (when broken in two). As a
rule, nazi only arc gathered, i.e.
fully ripe fruit, and the nutty part
used for cooking (cf. Jui, ehiehat
mbttzi) or dried and sold as copra.
Ma/uta ya nazi, cocoanut oil. Irov.
nazi mbovn harabti ya ttsitna, a bad
cocoanut spoils good ones. (See
also mnazi, tembo, gema, kuti.)

refu lisilo ncha, nothing so long

that it has no end. Habariya
uwongo ina ncha saba, a false story

has seven endings, i. e. can be

told in many ways. (Cf. kikomo,
tnwisho, mpaka, and dist. nta, wax.)
Nclii, n. See Inchi.
Nd-, as an initial sound, cf. N.
(See N, A (i), and Ndi-.)

Ndama, n. (), the young of

cattle, esp. a calf, but also distinguished as ndama ya ngombe, calf;
nd. ya mbuzi, kid; nd. ya kondoo,
lamb. (Cf. nyama, mtamba.)
Ndani, adv. within, inside, in
the heart. Contr. nje. Ndani y a,
prep, inside of, within. -a ndani,
internal, inner, secret, heartfelt.
Kwa ndani, internally, in the
inside, in the heart, secretly.
Ndara, n. (), a plain leather
sandal. (Cf. kiatu, viakubazi.)
Ndefu, (1) a. form of -refu,
long, agreeing with D 4 (P), D
6; (2) n. See Ndevu.
Ndege, n. (), (1) a bird ; (2)
an omen. N. za anga, birds of the
air. N. njema {mbaya), a good (bad)
omen. N akaruka juu, the bird flew
upward. Tusimtilie n., do not let us
obstruct him (by ar^- thing which
might be a bad omen). Dim.
kidege. (Cf. nyuni, rarely heard in
Z.)
Ndevu, n. plur. of udevu, the
hair of the face, beard, whiskers.
Also ndevu za mashavuni, whiskers.
Ndevu za mdo?no wa juu {wa chini ),
moustache (imperial). (Cf. hide
vtt, tidevuysharabu, and perh.-re/u.)

Ndewe, n. (), a hole pierced

Ncha, n. (), also Incha, tip,
the lobe of the ear, i. e. ndewe
point, end, extremity, e. g. of a in
knife, branch, cord, &c.. Hakztna ya sikioy to hold an ornament,

274NAFISI S

sometimes of great size. (Cf. toja.)

NANGA

Ndio, Ndipo, Ndiswi, Ndinyi,

Ndivyo, &c. See Ndi-. Ndio is one
Ndezi, n. name of a kind of rat. of the commonest forms of simple
affirmation, yes, it is so. (Cf.
Ndi- is used as a pfx. of Ar. naam.)
emphasis (perh. a strengthened
and so emphatic form of ni, and Ndizi, n. (), banana, plantain,see also N), in combination with
(1) personal pronouns, ndimi (for the fruit of the mgomba. The fruitni mimi), ndiwe, ndiye, ndiswi, stalk with the whole head of fruit
ndinyi, ?tdio, i. e. it is I, yes I, yes is called mkungu, a cluster or
me,
&c.
(2)
with
the
demonstratives ending in -o, i. e. bunch- let on it chana (tana), a
ndio {ni wao)y ndiyo {ni hiyo), ndizo single fruit dole. There are many
{ni hizo), &c., it is they, that is it, varieties in Z.,green, yellow,
&c., and the adverbs of the same
form, ndiko, ndipo, ndimo, there, it and deep red
is there. Ndiko atokako, that is
where he comes from. Often
strengthened by repeating the demonstrative after it, ndivyo hivyo, it
is just so, exactly so. Ndiyo hiyo,
that is the very thing. Ndio is constantly in use as a simple
affirmative,
yes, it is so * (cf. naam). ' (Cf. n,
A. (1), nd-, and perhaps the
irregular form njoo, Imperat. of ja,
come.)
Ndifu, n. (), also Kidifu, and
Kilifu (which see). (Perh. a plur.
n. from ulifu, i. e. nlifu, ndifui)
Ndilo, emphat. for ni kilo, that
is it. See Ndi-.
Ndimi, (1) plur. of ulimi, a
tongue; (2) emphat. for ni mimi, it
it I. See Ndi-.
Ndimo, emphat. for ni humo, it
is in there. (Cf. prec.)
Ndimu, n. (), and sometimes
Dimu, a lime, the fruit of the
lime- tree, mndimu, mdimu. There
are at least two varieties in Z.,
ndimu kali, the bitter lime, ndimu
tamu, the sweet lime. (For kindred
varieties see Mchungwa.)

,known as kisukari, kipukusa, msuzu, character and qualities, rather

mchenga, mkono zva tembo, bungala, than of sex or individuality. Punda
paka, kiguruwe, kizttngu, &c.
ndumc, a inale ass. Bata ndume, a
drake. Askari ndume boray warlike
Ndumc za mpunga, hard
Ndoa, n. (), marrying, mar- heroes.
of rice which resist
riage,often treated as a plur. grains
(Cf. -ume, and opp
noun, ndoa zattgu, my marriage. pounding.
(Cf. oa, maozi, and for the form .jike.)
ndoto, ndume, and see Nd-. Also cf.
Ndumiko,
n.
cupping
harusi, tti- kaha.)
instrument, usually a hom, i. e.
umikia, with which the
Ndofu. n. (, and zva-)y also pembe ya kuis done. (Cf. urnika, and
Ndovn, an elephant. (Rarely in Z., cupping
chuku?)
where Umbo is used.)
Neema, n. (i) ease, affluence,
Ndole, Ndomo, n. plur. of comfort;
(2) bounty, favour, help,
udole, uomo (i. e. ulomo). See grace. Esp. of providential blessKidole, Mdomo.
ings, plenty, a good harvest, abunof food. Inchi He ina neema
Ndonya, n. (), ring or round dance that
is a favoured country, a
y
ornament worn in the upper lip, nyingi
one to live in. Imemshukia
esp. by women from Nyasaland good
neema kubwa kwa Muungu, a great
(where it is also called pelele).
mercy had descended on him
Ndoto, n. (), a dream, from God.(Ar.Cf. naam, and follg.,
dreaming. (Cf. ota.)
and syn. mbaraka.)
Ndugu, n. (), brother, sister,
cousin,
relation,
fellow
tribesman (-citizen, -countryman).
Further denned as it. mume,
brother, it. mke, sister. N. baba
mmoja mama mmoja, full brother,
with the same father and mother.
N. tumbo moja, brother with the
same mother, halfbrother (at
least). N. kunyottya, foster-brother.
Donda it., a malignant kind of
ulcer. (Cf. udugu, kidugu, and umbu,
mtaniyjamaa.)

neeraefu,
a.
plentiful,
abundant. (Ar. Cf. follg.)
Neemeka, v. live at ease, have
plenty, be in comfortable circum
stances, possess property, get
good profits.Cs. tteemeshay make
rich,
provide well
neema, urteemefu.)

for. (Ar. Cf.

WejiBi, a. See Najisi. (Ar.)

Ndui, n. plur. small-pox (udui, a
single pustule). (Perh. from uay cf.
Neli, n. a tube, a pipe,the
nauli, from its fatal effects.)
word commonly used being
Nduli, n. and a., a savage mwanzi. (Hind. nal. Cf. Ar. kasiba.)
person, a killer, murderous,
Nerna, v. bend, give way,
blood-shedding.
yield. Nt. nem'ka, e. g. of graceful
dancing.
Cs. nem-esha, -eshwa,
Ndume, n. and a., a plur. form
to bend. (Ar. Cf. ttepa, and
from uume (i.e. ulurne), used as cause
both sing, and plur.,(i) a male inama.)
animal, as contr. with man; (a) a
Nembo, n. (), a tribal mark,
man, in respect of manly

N.DOA

277

NENA

usually a kind of tattoo. (Cf. 5 (S), D 6), (1) thick, stout, fat,
syn. chale, chanjo, and toja. Prob. a plump, broad; (2) full, whole,
Yao word.)
complete. (Cf. ntnepa, unene, and
Nenn, v. (1) speak, have the
gift of rational speech, articulate,
utter, say; (2) speak of, mention,
name, declare. Kinetiacho tta
kisichonena, that which speaks and
that which docs not,a common
way of contrasting people and
things, the rational and irrational.
ls. tuna. Nt. netteka, (1) be spoken,
be mentioned; (2) be utterablc, be
such as can be expressed in
words, be fit for mention, &c.
Mambo yasiyottauka, unutterable,
indescribable things. Netto kilo
halineneki, that word is not in use,
is not a possible word. Ap. netica,
-czva, e. g. speak against (for, to,
with, 8tc.), but in common usage
arnbia regularly takes its place for
speak to, say to, and nenea
(when not defined by the context)
is used for speak against, rebuke,
scold, more commonly than
speak
for,
intercede
for,
recommend,
praise.
Hence
neneana. Cs. nen-esha, -eshwa, -eza,
-ezwa, e.g. cause (provoke) to
speak. E. g. wakanenezana kwa
rnaneno mabaya, they exasperated
each other by abuse. Rp. nenana,
speak of each other, and so
commonly, quarrel, abuse each
other. (Cf. neno, uneni, vtneni,
mnena, mntnaji, tnnenea, &c. Also
sema, and atnbia. Serna is used
exactly like ncna of rational
speech, and in most other senses.
But (i) with a person-object, nena
means mention, sema, speak
against, rebuke, abuse (like amba).
(2) sema has often the meaning
talk, converse, tiena rarely. Ambia
with a person-object regularly
takes the place of both nena and
sema, when the meaning is simply,
speak to, say to.)

710710, 71071a, -pcna, -zima.)

Nenepa, v. become fat (stout,

corpulent) of persons, but nona,
of animals. Cs. nenepesha, make
stout, &c. (Cf. -nene, nona.)
Neno, n. (ma-), (1) a word,
utterance, expression, message ;
(2) assertion, objection, argument,
plea, point; (3) thing, fact, matter,
affair, cause, case; (4) a serious
matter, difficulty, danger,trouble.
The plur. rnaneno is also used for
(1) language, speech,in general,
and (2) consultation, discussion,
argument, trial, debate. E.g.
sikufanya ., I did nothing. Ukiona
n., usinene n. ; ukinena n., litakujia
., if you see anything, do not say
anything; if you say anything,
something will happen to you.
Fanya rnaneno, hold a discussion,
argue, debate. Mtu wa rnaneno
tnengi, a talkative, argumentative
person. Maneno ya kiunguja, the
Zanzibar dialect. Hana ., he has
nothing to say. Mnisaidie, nisione
7ieno 7ijia7ii, help me that I may
not find difficulty in my way. (Cf.
ne7ia, and jambo.)
Nenyekea, v. See Nyenyekea.
Nepa, v. incline downwards,
bend down, dip, drop (of a rope),
sag. Cs. nepesha, cause to bend,
bend (by pressure, &c.). Bakora
hit ma7iepa sana, this stick bends
very much. Kisn cha7iepa, the knife
(blade) bends. (Cf. Ar. 7iema. Also
inama, prnda.)

Ng, thus written, is used to

represent the only sound in
Swahili not easy to pronounce,
viz. a close combination of n and
g which does not pass on to the
vowel following, though forming
Nenda, v. See Enenda.
one syllable with it. Thus ya7ig,oa,
-nene, a. (nene with D 4 (P), D it plucks up, is pronounced quite

differently from ya ngoa, of desire,

in which ngoa is only a nasalized
goa. The sound is not common,
and only in a few words initial. (It
is sometimes heard and written as
gn, but Str. argues that words
beginning with it are treated
grammatically as of the N (i. e. D
6) declension, and that with pfxs.
(e.g. ki- or ma-) the g is retained
even if the n is dropped.)
-nga- and -nge-, as a pfx., is
the sign of the Pres. Condit.
Tense,as 7igali of the Past, e. g.
ningapenda, I would love. See
Ngali*.
Ngaa, v. be bright, glitter,
gleam, shine. Cs. ng'aza, make
shine. (Cf. a7iga} ng'ara, &c.)

shell is procured. Piga (pindua) n.

is used to describe pouncing on a
harmless person and robbing him.
Chuma cha n., the shell. (Cf. kasa.)
Ng'ambo. n. one of two
opposite sides or positions, the
other side, the farther side, e. g. of
a river or creek. AgamboT ya kuku,
the near side, this side. A g\ ya pili,
the other, further side. (In
Zanzibar city Ngjambo is the
general name for all that part of it,
including several minor districts
(milaa), which has grown up in the
last 40 years on the land side of
the creek which used to bound it.)
(Cf. Unguja, and perh. Ar. Jamb,
side (of the body).)

Ngamia, n. (), a camel. Also,

a common term of abuse, like
*Hgabu, n. (), a gouge,a ttgombe, mbuzi, i. c. idiot, fool,
carpenters tool, same as Boba7'i. the camel being regarded as a
type of stupidity. (Camels arc
Ngadu, n. a kind of crab. (Cf. used in Z. only for turning oilkaa.)
mills, and imported for the
purpose.)
Ngalawa, n. (), commonly
galaxva (which see) in Z., a small
Nganda, n. (), a handful, as
dug-out canoe with outriggers.
much as can be held with the
fingers, csp. of something
-ngali-, as a pfx., is the sign of clinging or sticking together,as
the Past Condit. Tense, e.g. ttgali.
ningali- pcttda, I would have loved.
Obs. in narrative ttgali and ttga are (Cf.
used with the person-pfxs. of
actual facts, past or present, e. g. ? gatida, or chatida, and dist. koji,
angali ana- kwettda, he was going ;
kungali na mapema bade, it was still bon ti, chopa.)
Ngano, n. (), (1) a story, a
early. Mvua ingalikinya na tufaru
ime- kaza, the rain was falling, and tale, narrative, fable (cf. kisa, hadithi) ; (a) wheat, i. c. the grain.
the storm at its height.
Prov. atnckula ngano, he has eaten
Ngama, n. (), the hold of a wheat, i. e. (?) he has committed a
vessel, i. e. in a native vessel fatal error, he has done for
amidships. Prov. aendaye tezi tni or himself. (Cf. kisa, hadithi, and for
no, hurudi ngamani, he who goes to grain na- faka.)
the stem or stem comes back to
Ngao, n. (), (1) shield,
the hold. (Cf. chombo, and banduru,
buckler
tumbo.)
Ngamba, n. a kind of hawkshead turtle, from which tortoise

( 3 ) face, or front, of a
house. Also of the rear,

N.DOA

277

NENA

Ngo, n. (), or Ingo, a

a bosom like a shield, scorpion.
a point of beauty. (Cf.
kigao.)
Ngedolo, n. n small black monNgara. n. (), blossom (male) key,also called tumbili, kilnmbili.
(Cf. kinta.
of the Indian corn-plant (Sac.).
n. ya nyntna. Kifua cha n.,

Ngara, v. also Ngala, Ngaa,

and Angaa, shine, glitter, be
bright. (Cf. Cs. ngariza, and anga.')
Ngariba n. (),one who
circumcises,
a
professional
circumciser. (Cf. tahiri, ukumbi.')
Ngariza, v. Cs. of ngara, i.e.
make bright, cause to shine, &c.
Ag'ariza macho, glare with the
eyes. Ap. ng'arizia, e. g. glare on
(at, with, &c.). Cs. ngarizisha, e. g.
make glare, glare fiercely. (Cf.
anga, ng'aa, ng'aza.)
Ngawa, n. (), civet cat, i.e.

paka vja zabadi. One of the few

wild animals left in Z. (with the

pig, monkey, and serval or
leopard). Utnckaa kama ngawa, you
live like a wild creature. (Cf.
fungo, zabadi.)

-ngawa, used with person-pfxs.

to express though, e. g. ningawa,
though I am (was) ; ingawa,
though it is (was). IVangawa
walikwcnda, though they went.
(Pres. Condit. of -wa, v. Ci.-nga-,
Japo,kwatnba.)

Ngazi, n. (), a ladder, set of

steps, stairs, i. c. ngazi ya
kukxvclea. (Cf. kwta, daraja.)
Ngazija, n. the Great Comoro
Island. Hence Mngazija, a Comoro
man. Kittgazija, the Comoro language.
Ngchiro, n. (), also Mchiro,
a mangoustc, mungoos.
-ngo-, sign of the Pres. Condit.
Tense. See -nga-.

)Ngema, a. often used in Z. for ningojee. Ap. ngoj-ea, -ewa, wait

njema, i.e. (i) the form of -ema for (at, with, &c.), be patient with,
agreeing with D 4 (P), D 6; (2) &c.,e.g. mngo- jee bwana aje, wait
without a noun, as common for your master to come. Cs. ngojexpression of assent, good, very eza, -ezwa, e. g. keep waiting,
well, certainly, like inshallah, delay, adjourn. Rp. ngojana, e.g.
ewalla. (Cf. -ema.)
wait for each other, wait all
together. (Cf. mngoje, ngojo,
Egeu, n. (), a line used by kingojo, mngojczi. The n sound is
carpenters for marking work, a sometimes neglected, e. g. mgoja
ruddle, so called from the red mlango, a door-keeper.)

chalky earth applied to make the

mark.

Ngojo, n. (), waiting-place,

station, post, period of waiting,
Ngi, -ngi, n. and a., variants of watch. (Cf. ngoja, krngojo, and
ungi, wingi, -ingi, which are usual zamu, Undo.)
in Z. See Ingi, &c.
Ngoma, n. a drum. As the one
Ngia.-ngine. Seelngia,-ingine. universal accompaniment of all
merrymaking, and ceremonial,
Ngiri, n. (), wild boar, ngoma is extended to include (1)
commonly nguruwe wa mwitu.
any kind of dance, (2) music in
general. Pi\ga (chapua) n., beat a
Ngizi, n. (), a kind of cuttle- drum. Cheza (ingia) n., join in a
fish. Wino wa n., the dark fluid dance. N ya kucheza, dancing for
emitted. Kifuu cha n., cuttle-fish amusement. N ya kupunga (pepo),
bone.
dance for the exorcizing of a
spirit. Ngoma ikilia sana, haikawii
Ngoa, v. root up, dig out, tear kupasuka, when a drum sounds
out, pull up. Ngoa mti, root up a loud, it will soon break. (Drums
tree.
Ng'oa jino, extract a tooth. are of many sizes and patterns,
Ngfoa macho, gouge out the eyes. and these as well as the
Ng'oa hema, strike a tent. Ng'oa accompanying dances and modes
safari, start on a journey,, Ps. of beating vary with every tribe,
ng'olewa. Nt. ng'oka, e. g. moyo and with the'different occasions of
umniing'oka, my heart jumped into their use. Cf. gotna, kigoma, and
my mouth. Ap. ngo-lea. (Cf. fukua, see tari, msapata, da- ndalo,
toa, ondoa.)
kiumbizi, msondo, vumi, cha- puo,
kitanga, kishina, msoma,
Ngoa, n. desire, passion, lust. kutnbwaya,
And for musical
Timiza n., satisfy the passions. Tia mga?ida.
kmanda,
santuri,
., weep for jealousy. (Cf. ha'wa, instruments,
skauko.)

kinubi, zeze, zomari, toazi, upato,

kayamba, panda, baragumujflimbi.)

Ngoe, n. (), a forked stick

Wgombe, n. (), ox, cow,
or pole, e.g. for gathering fruit, bull,
cattle. Defined as n. ndtime
&c. (Cf. ng'oa and kiopoe.)
(or, mak- sai), ox, bullock; n. jike,
cow;
n.
fahali (or fahali only), bull.
Ngofu, n. (), roe of a fish.
Ndama ya n., a calf. Kukama n., to
Ngoja, v. wait, wait for, await, milk a cow. Prov. wawili hula
stay for, remain. Ngoja mlango, ngombe, two can manage an ox.
wait at a door, act as door-keeper. Dim. king'ombe. Also used as a
Ningoje, wait for me,also term of insult, idiot, blockhead,
like ngamia, mbuzi. (Ci. fahali,

mtamba.)

NGEMA

280

Ngorae, n. (), fort, fortress,

stronghold, castle. (Cf. syn.
gereza, boma.)

Ngonda, v. cure,of meat,

fish, &c., e.g. by cutting in strips,
and drying in the sun. Ps.
ng'ondwa. (There seems also to be
a n. ng'onda, king'onda, i.e. a strip
or slice of dried meat, fruit, &c.)
Ngongo,
n.
plur.
ungongo (which see).

of

NQOITO

whatever purpose, e. g. tig no ya

meza, a tablecloth ; nguo za kitanda,
bed clothes; nguo za ku- ugulia,
mourning; (3) clothes, a garment
of any kind. Vaa put on clothes,
dress oneself. Vika tu, clothe
(another). Vua //., take off clothes,
undress. Puma ., weave cloth.
Tanda n., prepare the web in
weaving. Sifa ya nguo ni pindo, the
merit of a cloth is the (coloured,
embroidered) border. (Perh. cf.
uo, chuo. Various kinds of cloth arc
known as nguo asili, in commerce
grey sheeting,* ttguo maradu/u,
grey drilling. Amerikarti, kaniki,

Ngono, n. (), and plur. of bendera, bafti1, huthuruttgi, satiiti,

gamti, joho, ulaiti, harirt, shashi, Scc.
For articles of dress cf. (1) for
( 1 ) sleeping time, and so,
men, kikoi, kanzu, kisibau,fulana,
night; (2)
kiiambi, kilentba, kofia, shttka,
joho, soruali, mfuria. (2) for
sleeping-turn, a wife's turn or gwamba,
shitty kisu/o, kangat leso,
time for sleeping with her women,
soruali, dusama/i, barakoa,
husband. {Gotta in cognate kanzu,
ukaya,
shela,
&c.)
dialects means sleep, v., but is not
used in Z. Cf. sittzia, lala.)
Nguri, n. a shoemakers tool
Ngoo,
int
also
Nyoo, (Str.).
expressing utter contempt, a
Nguru, n. (), name of a fish,
contemptuous refusal.
of good quality for eating and
Ngozi, n. and Ngovi, skin,of often of large size. (Cf. samaki.)
any animal, hide, leather. Chutta
v. make a rumbling
n., take off the skin, skin, flay. Te- or Nguruma,
noise,of any loud
ttgeneza (fanyiza) n., tan hides. and roaring
sound, e. g. roar of a
{Govi also occurs, but in Z. in re- lion, deep
thunder, roar, growl, rumble.
stricted sense, in relation to (Cf. follg.
and vuma.)
circumcision, tohara.)
ugono,

Ngurumo, n. (), a loud

Ngumi, n. fist. Piga ., strike
rumbling sound, growl.
with the fist, give a cuff to. (Cf. roaring,
Leo kuna- piga ngurumo, it is
syn. konde.)
thundering today. Mshindo wa
, a clap of thunder, i.e.
Ngungwi, n. plur. or Nkungwi, ngurumo
(Cf. prec.)
songs taught to boys, when radi.
circumcised ; also called malango.
Nguruwe, n. (), also
(Perh. cf. kuttga, kurtgwi.)
Nguuwe, Nguwe, a pig, hog,
N. wa mwiiu, a wild pig. N.
Nguo, n. (), (i) cloth, as ma- swine.
a sow. Nguruwe aendealo, ttdilo
terial, i.e. any woven fabric, of jike,
, what a pig goes for, that
cotton, flax, silk, &c., but atendalo
does. Also of a loose, immoral
commonly cotton cloth, calico; he
yule nguruwe aliyetaka
(2) a cloth, a piece of cloth, for character,
kufisidi nyurnba, that vile wretch,

who wanted to violate a home.

-ngwana, a. (same with D 4

(P), D 5 (S), D 6), (1) of or
Nguruzi, n. See Nguzi.
belonging to the status of a free
man, as contrasted with a slave
Nguu, n. in the phrase mwenda {mtumwa), and so of a relatively
ttguu. Kilio clta mwenda nguu, the high social grade, and
cry of one who utterly despairs,
of some irreparable calamity.
( 2 ) civilized,
educated,
gentlemanly,
wellNguva, n. (), a dugong,
mannered.
(Cf.
manatee.
ungwana.)
Nguvu, n. force, strength,
power, in general. Thus (1)
strength of body, muscular
physical power, strength of mind,
or character, ability, energy,
vehemence, or mere mechanical
strength, force, impetus, momentum, solidity, stability, pressure ;
(2)
authority,
supremacy,
influence, importance, weight,
earnestness; (3) exercise of force,
compulsion.
Tia
{pa)
n.,
strengthen, consolidate, establish.
Fattya (toa) it., use (put forth,
exert) strength, exercise authority.
Neno la n., an effective, forcible
statement, command. Kwa nguvu,
(1) by force (strength, ability,
energy, See.), (2) in a high degree,
strongly*,
earnestly,
(3)
reluctantly, under compulsion,
against the will, e. g. aliku- bali
kwa nguvu, he consented under
pressure. (Cf. bidii, tiwezo.)
Nguzi, n. also Nguruzi, a hole
in the bottom of a boat or vessel,
for letting water out, i.e. tundu
katika mkuku.

Nguzo, n. (), (i) pillar,

supporting column, post, prop,
buttress, palisade, pale, pole; (2)
fig. assistance, support, evidence,
fundamental principles. Forms of
prayer are called nguzo ya sala.
Nguzo ya imani, articles (pillars) of
faith, creed. In house-building
nguzo are the poles forming the
sides and supporting the roof. (Cf.
kiguzo, and tegemeo.)

Ngwe, n. (perh. plur. of ugwe),

a measured plot, or patch of
ground, whether (1) a bed or row,
of young plants, &c., or (2) an
allotment, ground assigned for
cultivation, or for a task. (Cf. kuo,
and perh. ugwe, of the line used in
measuring.)
Ni is used simply as a copula,
without distinction of person or
number, or definite indication of
time, though usually equivalent to
the present tense of the verb wa, i.
c. I am (was), you are (were), he
(she, it) is (was), we (you, they)
are (were), e.g.yeye ni mwema, he is
a good man. Ni hivi tu, it is just so.
Nyumba ni tupu, the house is
empty.
Ni-, -ni,-ni-, as a formative
prefix
( 1 ) in verbs, is the pfx. of
the 1 Pers. Sing,
subjective
and
objective, I, me. When
subjective,
it
is
sometimes n, or omitted
altogether,e.
g.
ninapenda, I love ;
nnaona, I see; takwenda, I
will go. (2) in nouns, is
suffixed to form a
locative case, meaning
in, at, to, from, into,
near, by,and used with
the prep, mwa, pa, kwa
(and mw-,p-, kw-, as the
prefix of the pronom.
adj.
agreeing
with

NGEMA

nouns in the locative

case), according as the
reference is to (a) inside
position,
()
place
simply, (c) environment
generally, e.g. nyumbani rnwangu, in my
house; sha- mbani pangu,
at my estate; kuangukani kwangu, in my fall,
as I fell. (3) -ni, is
subjoined to verbs as a
contracted form of (a)
nini? What ? e. g. kunani
? for kuna nini ? What is
the matter? or {b) of
ninyi, e.g. kwa- herini,
good-bye all of you ;
twende
zetuni,
come
along all of you; amekupeni vingi, he has
given you many things.
*Nia, n. (), intention,
purpose, resolve,but extended
to any mental activity, and can be
translated thought, idea, opinion,
mind,
conscience,
heart,
character, &c. Nia haikuwa moja,
ndio usipate jambo, your mind was
not made up, so you did not
succeed. N. njema (swafi), a good
disposition. N.mbovu (batili), bad
thoughts (character, conscience).
v. have in mind, think of,
purpose, intend. (Ar. Cf. nuia, and
syn. kusudi, wazo, moyo, lhatniri,
tnradi.)

*Nikahi, n. (), and Nikaha,

marriage,esp. with reference to
formalities, ceremonial, &c.,
betrothal, espousals, marriage
settlement, e.g. humfungia nikaha
humwoza, he makes a match for
her, and gives her in marriage.
Akamwoa kwa nikaha, and he
married her in due form. Fungisha
n.,
perform
the
marriage
ceremony for. Sikiliza {shuhudia)
attend (attest) a marriage,said
of the congregation present at the
mosque. (Ar. Cf. ndoa, harusi,
maozi.)

280

NQOITO

Nikali, Nili, verb-forms, and I

am (was), -ni, pfx. of 1 Pers.
Sing., ka connective, li in the
sense of -wa, v. Nikali nikienda, and
I was on the move. See -li.
*Nili, n. (), indigo, and esp.
blue, as used in washing. (Ar.)
Nina, n. (1) mother,only in
poetry, and a few phrases in Z.
(cf. mama). (2) verb-form, I have.
See Na

.Ninga, n. (), a kind of green means (i.e. hopes for) plenty todove. Used also as a womans morrow. (Ar. Dist./aa, dust-heap).
name. Akakaa tta Molawe, kama
Njo, adv. outside,opp. to
ninga na utawi, and he rested with
his God, like a dove on a branch. ttdani. -a nje, external, outside,
outer, outward. Nje ya, outside of,
Ninginia, v. or Nyinginia, on the surface of. Kwa nje,
sway, swing, wave to and fro, outwardly, on the outside.
dandle (a child), rock, e. g. of
Njema, a. also Ngema, an
trees, rnatawi yanittg inia, the
bunches (of fruit) swing to and irregular form of -etna, good,
fro on the tree. Cs. ning'itt-isha, agreeing with D 4 (P), D 6, for
-ishua. (Cf. kitting'- in2. and syn. tty-etna. Often as an adv. in
rejoinders, like vetna, Good! Very
wayawaya, yumba- yumba.)
well ! Certainly ! (Cf. -ertta,
Willi, pron. interrog.what ? ngema.)
often subjoined to verbs in the
Njia, n. plur. used as sing. (),
contracted form -ni. I Vat aka ttitti?
What do you want? Va nitti, kwa (1) path, road, way, track; (2) way
means) of proceeding,
ttitti? WTiy ? What for ? Kunatti ? (or
for kuna nitti? What is the matter? method, means;
Hujambo ttitti? Are you well, (or)
( 3 ) progress,
what? (Cf. ttatti, /ini.)
effect,influence. N. ktttt,
highway. N. panda, a
Ninyi, pron. of 3 Pers. Plur.,
parting
of
roads,
also Nyinyi, you, ye. Often
crossways. N. ya kukata,
subjoined to verbs in the
a short cut. Mattetio
unreduplicated form -ni, e.g.
yenyi
njia,
forcible
ttjootti, come (ye). Kwahcrini,
(effective,
practical)
good-bye all of you. Nlakupigetti, I
suggestions. Njia ya
will beat you. (Cf. -ettu, your, as
rnwongo fupi, a liars
containing the same element.)
career is short. Njia mbili
Nipe,for unipe, give me,a
zaumiza, double conrses
Pers. Sing. Imperative (or
bring pain. (Cf. ja, v.,
Subjunctive) of -pa, v.
and the Ap. form -jia,
also ujia, kijia.)
Nipo, verb-form, I am here,
ni, person-pfx. of 1 Pers. Sing.,
Njiwa, n. (), a pigeon. N. wa
and -po, adverbial of place. (Cf tnwi/tt, a wild pigeon. N. manga, a
hapo.)
tame pigeon, i. e. brought from
Arabia and domesticated. See
*Nira, n. (), a yoke (for Manga.
oxen). (Ar.)
Njombo, n. (), name of a
*Nisha,n.(),or
Nashua, fish, barred with black and yellow
starch. (Ar. Cf. syn. uwanga.)
(Str.).
*Njaa, n. (), hunger, craving
for food, lack of food, famine.
Aina (naotta) I am hungry.
Shittdisha kwa n., starve. N. ittauma,
I feel the pangs of hunger. Njaa ya
Uo ni shiba ya ktslio, hunger to-day

Njoo, Njooni, v., 2 Pers. Sing,

and Plur. Impcrat. of -ja, come,
perhaps the only really irregular
forms which are invariably used
in Swahili. Other monosyllabic
verbs as a rule use for Imperat.

NINGA

283

NNE

the Subjunct. form, or else the overseer, assistant.

Infin. form, and sometimes e for a
Noleo, n. (ma-), (1) any instruin the plur., e.g. kula, eat, is used
as an Imperat., and lent, eat, plur. ment for sharpening, i. e. a whetstone, grindstone, strop, knifeSo kuttywa, and ttywetti.
sharpener, i. e. kiln cha kunolea (cf.
Njozi,
n.
(),
vision, kinoo, nod); (2) a ferrule, metal
apparition. (Cf. ttdolo, o/a.)
ring round the haft of a tool.
(Cf.pete.)
Njuga, n. (), a small bell,
worn as an ornament, and at
Nona, v. get fat, usually of anidances. (Cf. kettgele.)
mals (tienepa of man). Cs. nones
ha, -eskwa. (Cf. -110110, unono, and
NJugu, n. (), ground nut. -nene.)
Two varieties arc (1) njugu mawc,
which arc hard, and (2) njugu
Nondo, n. and Noondo, (1) a
nyaut, soft.
kind of moth or grub; (2) a kind
of serpent.
Njumu, n. used of ornamental
work, done by inlaying, or
N ongona, v. whisper, speak
studding with metal, brass nails, under ones breath (in a low tone).
See. Kasha kubwa la njumu, a large Cs. nongon-eza, -ezwa, address in a
client ornamented with metal. whisper, whisper to, e. g.
(Hind.)
mnong'oneze baba yangu, whisper to
my father. Rp. nong'onana,
Nno, n. and a., four. As a n. nong'onezana, whisper to each
always
a
disyllabic,
and other. (Cf. vinongonezi, mnongono,
pronounced almost as inne; but as unongonezi.)
an a. with prefixes commonly
heard as -tie only, e.g. watoto
-nono, a. (nono with D 4 (P), D
wanne or wane. Nne with D 4 (P), 5 (S), D 6), fat, sleek, plump, well
D 6. -a nnc, fourth. Kumi na nne, fed,of animals, See. (-nene
fourteen. (Cf. Ar. syn. droba, also properly of human beings) and
often used.)
things, e. g. maisha nono, a life of
luxury. Ng'ombe wanono, fat cattle.
Noa, v. sharpen, make sharp, Kinono, a fatling. (Cf. nona,
whet, give an edge to,of metal unono.)
tools, weapons, knives, &c. Ps.
nolewa. Nt. noleka, e. g. take an
Noo, n. (ma-), a large
edge, be capable of taking an whetstone, grindstone. See Noa,
edge. Ap. nolea, e. g. jiwe la Kinoo.
kunolea, a whetstone. Cs. no-lesha,
Nso, n. (), and Inso, a
-leshwa. Rp. noana. (Cf. kinoo,
kidney. (Figo also sometimes
noleo, noo, and dist. nyoa.)
used.)
-nofu, a., nofu with D 4 (P), D
Nta, n. (), and Inta, wax,
5 (S), D 6, lean, (of meat) i. e. all
flesh, no fat or bone, i. e. nyama beeswax, collected by natives
from
mizinga (see Mzinga) and
tnpu. (Cf. mnofu.)
brought to the coast.
Nokoa, n. (), the second
*Nuia, v. also Nuya, have in
man in authority over a
plantation, under the tnsimamizi, mind, consider, purpose, intend,
and over the kadamu, sub- form a resolution. Ps. ttuiwa. Ap.

nui-lia, -liwa, e. g. resolve as to,

*Nuku, v. for Nukulu, copy,

form a good resolution about. Cs. transcribe. n. (?na-), a copy,
nui-za, -zwa, cause to have in
mind, remind, instruct. (Ar. Cf. duplicate. (Ar. Cf. nakili, nania.)

kulu.)

Nuka, v. (1) give out a smell,

Nuna, v. grumble, show
have a smell, smell, but esp. dfscon- tent, complain, be sullen,
(when used alone) of a bad smell, sulk. Nuria uso, look discontented
stink;
(sulky). Ap. nun-ia, -iwa, be sulky
about, complain of (to, &c.). Cs.
( 2 ) take into the nostrils, nun-isKa, -ishwa, put in a bad
e.g. as snuff. N. vizuri temper, cause to grumble, &c.
(vema), have a pleasant Rp.
nunana,
sulk together,
smell. N. vibaya (or nuka complain of each other. (Cf.
alone), have a bad tiuttgunika, guna, mnunaji, mnuno.)
smell. But nuka is also
used of a sweet smell,
Nuncia, n. a fierce animal,
like nukia, e.g. akinuka beast of prey,used also to
meski na am- bari, (a describe a cruel bloodthirsty man.
person) smelling of The semiwild town cats arc
musk and ambergris, sometimes called nutida (tna-), or
and with an objective mtiunda (mi-).
pers.-pfx.,
inaninuka
Nundu,
n.
a
hump,
ambari,
I
smell
ambergris. Tumbako ya protuberance, boss, lump, bump,
kunuka,
snuff. Nuka esp. of the hump of native cattle,
(usually nusa) tumbako, whidi is considered a delicacy.
take snuff, or, smell of Achinjaye tig'ombe, atoa nundu.
tobacco. Ap. nukia, have akampa jumbo, when a man kills a
a sweet smell. Also nuk- bullock, he takes the hump and
ilia, nuk-iliza, smell out, presents it to the chief. Nuttdufollow by scent, e.g. nundu, or kiiiundunundu, humpy,
mbwa hodari wa kunu- lumpy. (Cf. kigongo.)
kiliza, excellent sporting
Nungunungu, n. (tna-), a porcupine.
dogs, dogs with a good
sense of smell. Cs. nusa,
Nungunika,
v.
murmur,
nukiza, use the sense of
show
discontent,
smell, smell, smell out, grumble,
Ap.
nung'unikia,
and so of dogs hunting, complain.
scent, follow by scent, grumble at (about, to, &c.). (Cf.
and of taking snuff. follg. and guna.)
(Cf. follg. and harufu,
Nunguniko,
n.
(tna-),
uvundo.)
grumbling,
murmuring,
Nukato, n. (ma-), anything complaint. (Cf. prcc.)
having a sweet smell, odour,
Nunua, v. buy, purchase,
perfume, scent. (Cf. nuka, and see
bargain about, make a bid for. Ps.
-to.)
tiutiu- liwa. Nt. tiunuliJta. Ap.nutiu*Nukta, n. a dot, point, mark, lia, -liwa, buy for (with, at, &c.).
spot, vowel sign (in Arabic Amcnunulizva shatnba, he has had
writing), mark of punctuation an estate bought for him. Cs. nunu-ta, -zwa, e.g. cause (press,
(comma, stop, &c.) (Ar.)

NINGA

283

NNE

invite, persuade) to buy. Nunua bia (which sec), hair.

(or shirika), buy jointly, combine
Ny- represents the sound of ni
to buy. (Cf. mnunuzi, and Ar. syn.
in the word companion, but slightly
zabuni.)
thicker and more nasal (Str.),
Nuriaha, v. Cs., cause to the sound taken by n when a pfx.
shine, make bright, give light to. before a vowel (see N, 15. (2),
(Ar. Cf. nurtt, and angaza, ngariza.) (3)), and also occurring in many
,
Swahili words. See follg.
*Nuru,
n.
(),
light,
brightness, illumination. Tia .,
brighten, illuminate, make bright
(clear, intelligible). Toa ., give
out light, shine. Used of a bright
expression or complexion, e.g.
nurtt za mo zikampotca, he lost his
happy expression. Waattakc hao
nurtt zoo sawasawa, these two
women are equally good-looking.
(Ar. Cf. tmvanga, weupe.)
Nusa, v. Cs. of Nuka (which
see).
*Nussu, n. (), and Nuss, a
half, a part, a portion, a bit. Nussu
may denote any fraction of a
whole. Nussu kidogo, a little bit.
Kata nussu nussu, cut in halves
(pieces, bits). Gawa nussu kwa
nussu, divide in halves. Nussu . . .
nussu, partly ... partly. (Cf. Ar.
tits/, middle, half.)
*Nusura, n. (), and Nusra, ( i )
aid, assistance, help; (2) as an
adv., almost, nearly, within a
little, e.g. amenitukana tiusura
kunipiga, he abused me almost to
the point of striking me. (Ar. Cf.
follg.)
^usuru, v. help, assist, defend,
preserve,esp. of Gods help.
Muu- ngu ameninusuru, God has
helped me. Tunusuru watumwa
wako, help us your servants. (Ar.
Cf. saidia.)
Nwa, Nweleo, N wewa, N
wesha. See Nywa, Nyweleo, &c.
Nwele, n. plur. of Unywele

Nya,
v. As
in
other
monosyllabic verbs, the infinitive
form, i. c. ktinya, is used in
forming certain tenses. Sec Ku, 1.
(d).
1.
Act.,
meaning
discharge, emit, let fall, drop,' of
something fluid or semi-fluid, but
restricted almost entirely to the
passage of excreta, and, when
used alone, of urine. The only
other common use is as a neuter,
of rain, fall, be discharged.
Thus kunya mavi (damn), pass
faeces (blood). Kttmc-

ktinya sana leo, it has rained a

great deal to-day. Mvua yanya, rain
is falling. Inakunya, it is raining.
Ps. nywa (see below). Ap. nyea, e.
g. aisifuye mvua, tmemnyea, he who
praises rain has had it. Cs. nyesha,
(i) of rain, Mtmngu ame- nyesha
mvua nyingi, God has caused much
rain to fall. (2) e.g. nyesha rntolo,
attend to a child at stool. 2. Pass.
The passive form -nywa is the
common word for drink, absorb,
suck up, exhaust, consume, either
of liquids or figuratively of other
things,corresponding
to -la, eat.
{ATyiva only retains a trace of the
vowel sound of y, and is often
heard and written as nwa.) Having
an active meaning, nywa has its
own passive and derivative verbstems, viz. Ps. nywewa, be drunk
up, be absorbed, dwindle, pine
away, be consumed, dissolve
away, evaporate, vanish. Nt.
nyweka, e.g. (1) be drunk up, &c.;
(2) be capable of (fit for) being
drunk, be good for drinking
purposes. Ap. nywea, drink at
(with, for, to, &c.), e.g. kopo la
kunywea, a mug to drink with.
Nywea salamu, drink to the health
of. Sometimes also nywea for
nywewa, e. g. kill a siku mkewe
huzidi kunywea, every day his wife
got thinner. Nyama imenywea, the
meat has dried up (in cooking).
Cs. nywesha, nyweshwa, cause to
drink, furnish drink to, supply
with water, &c. (Cf. ktnywa,
kinywaji,
manyesiy
manyunyo,
nyweleo, and for pour out (a
liquid), miminay mwaga.)

commonly used.
(With nyaka, which is seldom
used, cf. dakay catch, e. g. a ball in
play.)
Nyala, Nyali, Nyalio, plurals
from ala (? u-ala), wall, rice, and
walio (which see).
Nyama,
Mnyama),

n.

(,

but

see

( 1 ) an animal, beast, brute,

mostly of the larger
animals; (2) flesh, meat;
( 3 ) body, substance, matter,
chief constituent, e.g.
nyama ya mkaie, crumb
as opp. to crust (of
bread), nyama ya embe,
the flesh of a mangofruit, nyama ya roho, the
material part of the
soul; (4) fig. of a brutal,
stupid,
degraded
person. N. ya mwitu, a
wild animal. N, mkali
(mbuai), a ferocious
beast. JVewe kisu, sisi
nyama, you are the
knife, we are the
animal, i. e. at your
mercy. In concords
nyama is treated as D 1
or D 6, e.g. wakaenda
nyama zote, all the
animals went. (Cf.
mnyama} which seems
only used when there is
special
reason
for
distinguishing
an
animal as a living
creature. Also perh. cf.

Nyafua, v. snatch off, tear off,

bite off, snap up, e. g. simba
ndama.')
amemnyafua ng'ombe nyama, the
lion has torn off a piece of the
*Nyamaa, v. be silent, stop
bullocks flesh. (Cf. follg., of talking,
hold ones tongue, be
which nyafua is perh. a variant.)
(become) quiet, die away, cease,
Nyaka, Nyakua, v. catch in the be still,used not only of talking
hands, snatch up, tweak, pluck and noise, bijt of anything violent,
with the fingers, twitch,also troublesome, or painful, e.g. of
filch, pilfer. Derivatives not wind, bodily suffering, &c., e. g.

NYAFUA

286

kickwa
ehaliniumay
sasa
kimenyamaa, my head was aching,
now it does not ache. Ap. nyamalia, e. g. be quiet to (for, in, &c.).
Cs. nyamaza, usually Intens.,i. e.

keep quiet, refrain from noise,

repress oneself, and in the
Imperat., Silence! Hold your
tongue ! Hence nyamazia, e. g.
mama amemnyamazia mtotOy the
mother made the child quiet, and
a derived Cs. nyamaz-isha, -ishwa,
reduce to silence, make quiet,
calm, still. (Ar. namasy cf. follg.
and kimya, tulia from tua.)

-NYAMAFU

nganywa. Nt. ttyanganyika. Ap.

nyangany-ia, -iwa. Cs. nyanganyisha, -ishwa. Up. nyattganyana. (Cf.
mnyangauyi, and iba, pokottya.)

Nyangwa, n. plur. of wattgwa.

Nyani, n. (), an ape, a
baboon. (Cf. kittta.)

Nyanya, v. cause to be
prominent, protrude, put out, raise
up. Aka- nyanya ntkono, akachukua
uftanga tnmoja, and he put out his
hand, and took one sword. n.
{via-), tomato, fruit of the
-nyamafu, a. same with D 4 mttyanya. (Cf. nya- nyuka, and
(P), D 5 (S), D 6, silent, quiet, nyanyasa.)
still, reticent, reserved. Mtu
Nyanyasa, v. or Nyanyaxa,
mnyamafu, a man who says very
little, keeps to himself. Panyumafu, tease, annoy, molest, treat
a quiet spot. (Cf. nyamaa, and disrespectfully or rudely, hurt .the
feelings of. (Not a common word,
-tulivu.)
perh. Cs. of nyanya, cf. syn.
Nyambua, v. pull in pieces, tear sumbua, uthi, chokoza.)
into bits, take off in strips, peel
Nyanyuka, v. be prominent,
off. Ps. nyambuliwa. Nt. ttyambuka,
come to pieces, fall into bits, be rise above the rest, stick up, stick
peeled off, e.g. of over-ripe fruit, out. Also perh. a variant <4
overcooked meat. (Cf. ambua, and nyambuka (which see). (Cf. inua,
tokeza, one- ka/ta, nyanya.)
nyumbua, nyafua.)
Nyamgtimi, n. (), a whale.

Nyara, n. plur. (i) booty, spoils,

plunder,persons or things, taken
by war or violence. Teka nyara,
take captive. (2) for tty ala, plur. of
ala (which see). (Cf. teka, rnateka,
and perh. Arab, ghara, raid,
plunder.)

nyang&lika, a. used as an
evasive or contemptuous epithet
of what is difficult, impossible, or
unfit to describe, a sort of a , a
whnt-do-youcall-it,
a
nondescript. Kitu kinya- ngalika, a
Nyasi, n. (wa>), a reed, long
nondescript thing. Afnya- ngalika
gatii hityu ? What sort of a wretch coarse grass. Also plur. of unyasi.
is this ?
Nyata, v. go silently (quietly,
stealthily), steal along, slink,
Nyang'amba, n. a sweetmeat.
skulk, sneak, e. g. of a wild
Nyanganya, v. take by force, beasts stealthy walk, or of a
steal, plunder, rob,with the hunter stalking game. Ap. nyat-ia,
thing stolen, or person robbed, as -iwa, creep up to, steal upon, stalk
object. Amemnyanganya mali, he (of a hunter). (Cf. nyemelea,
has rqbbed him of money. tambalia, gundulia.)
Alinyanganya
yule
mtoto,
he
Nyati, n. (), the African
kidnapped that child, or, he
robbed that child. Ps. nya- buffalo, and in Z. used of the

Indian.
Nyauka, v. dry up, be withered,
shrivel,with heat, or drought.
(Cf. the more common kauka,
atiika, anttka.)

JNyayo, n. plur. of uayo (which

see).

with questions. Ps. nyenyewa. Nt.

nyenyeka, be talked over, give way
to
pressure,
submit.
See
Nyenyekea. Ap. nyenyelea, get at a
secret, &c., whence nyenyeleza,
introduce quietly, slip in secretly.
Cs.
nyenyesha,
intens.
Rp.
nyenyana. (Cf. follg.)

Nyenyekea, v. (strictly the Ap.

form of Nt. of nyenya), act with
submission (humility, reverence,
respect) towards, be polite
(obsequious, cringing, &c.) to, be
humble, defer to. E. g. kijana
amenenyekea babaye, the young
washa.)
man treated his father with due
deference. Ps. nyenyekewa. Cs.
-nyefu, a. (same with D 4 (P), nyenyek-eska, -eshwa, e. g. teach
D 5 (S), D 6), moist, wet, damp, humility to, humiliate, &c. (Cf.
humid, marshy, watery. Also nyenya, mnyenyekeo, and follg.)
-nyefunyefu. (Cf. tty a, ttywa, tttnyefu,
and syn. rutuba, maji, uloeftt,
Nyenzo, n. plur. of uenzo, wenzo
chepechepel)
(which see).
Nyega, v. cause to itch or
Nyesi, n. (ma-), excrement,
tickle, excite prurient desire. Cs. dung, urine, filth. (Cf. nya, kinyaa,
(intens.) nyeg-esha, -eshwa, and Rp. and syn. mavi, ukojo.)
nyegesliana. (Cf. nyea, and follg.)
Nyeta, v. be teasing (tiresome,
Nyogi n. itching, tickling, hard to please, unsatisfied, never
irritation,
csp.
of
sexual content),
be
ill-mannered
excitement, prurient desire; and in (disrespectful, arrogant), swagger.
animals, heat. (Cf. prcc.)
Ap. nyet-ea, -ewa, e. g. be
disrespectful to (about, &c.). Cs.
Nyele, n. plur. of unycle (which nyet-esha, -eshwa, e. g. cause to be
see).
troublesome, impertinent, &c.
Nyeleo, n. (ma), also unyoloo,
Nyie, pron. for ninyi-ye, you
pore (of the skin). (Cf. nya, v., and (plur.), you there. (Cf. miye, weye,
tokeo.)
and ye.)
Nyemelea, v. go quietly up to,
Nyiga, n. (ma-), a large wasp, a
steal up to, creep upon, stalk (a hornet.
wild animal or bird), surprise. Ps.
nyemelewa, e.g. be approached by
Nyika, n. (ma-), open, bare,
stealth, be taken by surprise. (? treeless wilderness, open forest
Cf. nyamalia, nyamaa.)
with high grass, a barren, desolate
region, contr. with mwitu, e. g.
Nyenje, n. a kind of cricket.
tukaenda wee mwitu na nyika, mwitu
na nyika, we went on and on,
Nyenya, v. talk a person into through woods and wastes, forest
telling, talk over, extort an admis- and field. (Cf. poli, pululu,jangwa.)
sion from, extract news, pump
Nyea, v. cause a tickling or
itching sensation, tickle, itch.
Upele ttnani- nyea, the eruption
itches. Ps. nyewa, be made to itch,
be irritated, tickled. (Cf. mnyeo,
ttyega, nyegi, kinyefu, and syn.

NYAFUA

286

Nyima, v. withhold (from),

keep back (from), deprive, refuse,
not give,esp. of what is due, a
persons right, e. g. wages, a debt.
E. g. yuna haki ya kupewa, lakini
ame- mnyima kasidi, he has a right
to be paid, but the other has kept
it back purposely. Muungti hapi
kwa mvua, hanyimi kwa jua kali, God
does not give by rain, or withhold
by heat. Ps. nyimwa. (Other deriv.
rare.) (Cf. follg.)
Nyimi-nyimi, adv. in little bits,
by beggarly scraps, with a
grudging hand. (Cf. prec.)
Nyingi, Nyingine, a. forms of

-ingi, -ingine,agreeing with D 4

(P), D 6.

Nyinginia, v. See Ninginia.

Nyinyi, pron., same as ninyi
(which see), you (plur.).
Nyinyoro, n. a bulbous plant
which throws up a large head of
red flowers (Str.).
Nyoa, v. shave off,of hair
only. Ps. nyolewa. Ap. nyo-lea,
-lewa, e. g. uembe wa kunyolea nyele,
a razor to shave with. (Cf. kinyozi,
and

perh.

unyele,

and

nya,

nyonyoa.)

-nyofu, a. (same with D 4 (P),

D 5 (S), D 6), (1) straight,
extended, stretched out;
(2)
usually fig.
straightforward, honest, upright,
trustworthy, e.g. mtu mnyofu, an
honourable man. Maneno manyofu,
plain, direct statement. (Cf. nyoka,
n. and v., nyosha.)
Nyoka, v. (1) become straight
(extended, laid out in a straight
line), be straightened ; (2) fig. be
straightforward,
be
honest
(practical, steadfast, effective), e.
g. maneno ya ku- nyoka. Cs. nyosha

-NYAMAFU

(which see). (Cf. -nyofu, and

follg.)
Nyoka, n. a serpent or snake of
any kind. There are not many'
poisonous varieties in Z. Pythons
(chatu) are comparatively
common. (Cf. prec.)
Nyonda, n. plur. trial, testing,
proof, experiment. In Z. nyonja

(from onjd) would be more untwisted, loosener!, relaxed. Cf.

usual. (CL onja,jaribu.)
syn. legea.)
Nyondo, n. See Nondb, Ny- undo.

Nyonga, v. (i) twist, twist the

neck of, strangle, throttle; (a) vex,
harass, worry; (3) as a neut.,
twist, wriggle, move from side to
side. Ps. nyongwa. Ap. nyong-ea,
-ewa.

Cs. nyong-esha, -eshiva. (Cf. follg.)

Nyonga, n. plur. of unyonga,
but also used as a sing. n. (),
the hip,the part where the thigh
(paji) and flank (kiutto) meet.
(Jchungii wa mtoto u katika nyonga
ya mamaye, the trouble with a child

is on the mothers hip,native

women often carrying a child
astride on the hip. (Cf. nyonga, v.)
nyonge, a. (same with D 4
(P), D 5 (S), D 6), of a low order
(degree or kind), low, mean, base,
degraded, servile, insignificant,
vile. Lia ki- nyonge, cry in a feeble
helpless way. (Cf. nyonga,
uttyonge, and syn. hajifu, duni,
-baya, thaifu.)

Nyonya, v. suck the breast,

of a child or animal. .Nyonya tiii la
mama, suck the mothers teat.
Ndugu wa kunyonya, foster-brother
(or -sister). Mtoto mnyonya, a babe,
suckling. Cs. ttyony-esha, -eshiva,
suckle, give suck to, put to the
breast.
Nyonyoa, v. pluck out hair
(feathers, wool, &c.), pluck a
bird, shave unskilfully (pulling
instead of cutting). Mninyonyoeni
manyoya, pluck out my feathers.
Ps. nyonyolcwa, e. g. ngozi ya
kondoo, isiyonyonyolewa tnalaika, a
sheepskin with the wool on. Nt.
nyonyoka, e. g. kirna amenyonyoka
manyoya pia, the monkey had all
its hair plucked off. Ap. nyonyoha, -lewa. Cs. nyonyo- sha, used fig.
nag, constantly harass, worry,
tease. (Cf. unyoya, and nyoa.)
Nyonyota. See Nyota.
Nyoo, int. See Ngoo.

Nyosha, v. Cs. CL nyoka, v.,

Nyongeza, n. plur. of uongeza, make straight, straighten, stretch,
addition, appendix, supplement. extend, elongate. Ps. nyoshwa. Ap.
nyosh-ca, -ewa. Rp. nyoshana.
(Cf. ongeza.)
Nyosha mkono, put out the hand.
Nyongo, n. bile. Also some- Nyosha karnba, haul a rope tight.
times as irrcg. plur. of mwottgo, as Jittyosha, stretch oneself, take
if uottgo, e. g. nyongotti mwa siku, in ones ease, enjoy oneself, rest. So
course of time. (Cf. mwongo, nyosha tigongo, straighten the back,
tniongo,
number,
reckoning, on completion of a job. (Cf.
nyoka, -nyofn.)
decade.)
Nyota, n. (), a star. Nyota
Nyongoa, v. straighten, stretch,
untwist. Jittyongoa, straighten one- haionekani mchana, a star is not
self, stiffen oneself,used of visible in daylight. Nyota-nyota, or
convulsive stretching. (-oa here nyonyota, is used of a drizzling
seems Rv., like -ua. Cf. nyonga, rain, lit. drops, droppings (cf. many unyo). In poetry nyota means
and follg.)
thirst, drought, i. e. kiu. (? Cf.
Nyongonyea, v. be languid, be ota.)
weary, get slack and weak. ' (Cf.
Nyote, a common contraction
nyonga,the termination perh.
giving the idea of being for ninyi nyote, you all, all of you.

NYONDO

289

NYOYA

Cf. sote, for sisi 1sole. Ninyi wote, mambo ya baadaye, mambo ya mbele,
commonly for
both of you or (2) the past, mambo yaliyopita,
(two). See -ote.
yaliyokwisha zamani, yaliyokuwa
mbele. Cf. baada ya nyie hakuna
Nyoya, n. (ma-), also plur. of wangine nyuma yenu, after you
Unyoya (which see), a hair, a there are none coming after you,
single feather, a piece of wool, an i. e. of greater consequence than
animal's hair. Manyoya is used you, which might also be
generally of the external covering, expressed by mbele yenu. Kudi n.,
wool, hair, feathers,of the go back. Kaa n., sit behind. Huko
bodies of birds and animals, n., often means meanwhile, to
more particularly of the smaller resume/of returning to a point
body feathers of birds (contr. in a story, -a nyuma, behind, in the
ubawa, rnbawa, of the wing rear, in the past, in the future.
feathers),
Nyuma ya, after, behind, in the rear
of, beyond.
(Cf.
kinyume,
and of short hair in animals (cf. mbele,
singa of long hair),down, both
of birds and animals, being baada, kabla.)
ntalaika. Nyele, nyele za singa, is
Nyuma, n. plur. of uma
regularly Used of human hair. (which
see).
(Cf. nyoa, unyoya} uoy'a, unyele.)
Nyumba, n. (), (1) a house,
Nyoyo, n. plur. See Moyo.
properly of a native house,
of poles, sticks, wattles,
Nyua, n. plur. of ua (which made
earth, grass,
see).
Nyuki, n. (), a bee. Asaliya &c., and called n.ya miti,ya udongo,
nyuki, honey. Nyuki huenda na ya makuti,ya majani, &c., but exrnana yake, the bee goes with its tended &lso to a house of any
as of masonry, n. ya mawe, or
flowers. Fathili za nyuki ni moto, a kind,
corrugated iron, n. ya mabati,
bees thanks is fire, i. e. all the of
&c.,also called ju 'mba (ma-).
thanks it gets.
Also sometimes of structures
Nyuma, adv. after, behind, (i) made by animals, birds nests,
of place,behind, at the back lairs, burrows,more commonly
of, whether (a) on the further called tundu, kitundu; and fig. of
side of, beyond, or (b) after, in objects resembling a house, e. g.
nyumba ya randa, the stock of a
the rear of;
plane. (2) household,but this is
commonly
watu
wa
( 2 ) of time, (a) hereafter, in the more
future, (6) behind, in the past. For nyumbani, or simply nyumbani, as
in
the
polite
inquiry,
Hujambo
(w
the apparent vagueness of
meaning cf. mbele, in which also kali gani) nyumbani? I hope your
the meaning is decided by the family are well? Prov. nyumba kuu
context and implied mental haina nafasi, a great house has
attitude. Watu wabaya wataondoka little room. Nyumba ya udongo
nyurna yangu, may mean bad haihimili kiskindo, a house of earth
people will rise up after . me * cannot stand a shock. (For words
(when I am gone, in the future, connected with house-building,
if of time; or behind me, in my &c., cf. jenga, aka, (materials) mti,
rear,if of place). Mamboya udongo, kombamoyo, ufito, kamba,
nyuma, may mean (1) the future, nguzo, mwamba, bati, jiwe, chokaa,

tufali, (roof, roofing) paa, kipaa,

kuti, jani, ezeka. And with ny- umba,
cf. jumba, kijumba, chumba,
mchumba, kinyumba, and umba.)

Nyumbo, Nyumba, n. (),

name of an antelope (wildebeest,
or gnu, Str.). Used in Z. of the
mule, also called b&ghala (which
see).
Nyumbua, v. used of handling
a flexible, elastic, adhesive
substance, bend, draw out,
stretch,
manipulate
without
breaking. Nt. nyumbuka, be
flexible (elastic, bend, yield to
pressure) without breaking. (Cf.
pinda, kunja.])

Nyundo, n. (), a hammer.

(Cf. unda, mwunzi.')
Nyungu-nyungu, n. ulcerous
cracks or sores on the feet,
between the toes, &c. Miguu yangu
ime- fanya nyungu-nyungu kwa jasho ,
my feet are .ulcerated with the
heat. Also a name of a worm.
Nyunyiza, v. sprinkle.

Ps.

nyunyizwa. Ap. nyunyiz-ia, -iwa. Cs.

nyunyiz-isha, -ishwa. Rp

.mrumronyunyizana. (Cf.
meaning or. Kuoga, kuota
201 become kwogn, kwota, and koga,
manyunyo, and perh.
chunyu,
ttya.
Also
kotd; ku-otr becomes kwote and
mimina, mwaga, rashi.)
kote ; and uoga, woga and oga.
Nyunyo, n. mostly used in plur.
form manyunyo, sprinkled liquid,
Comparatively few Swahili
sprinklings, drizzle, light rain. (Cf. words begin with o.
prec. and marashi.)
Nyaiahi, Nyuta, n. See Ushi,
Uta.
Nywa, Nywea, Nywesha, v. See
Nya.
Nyweleo, n. (ma-), also Nyeleo,
pore,of the skin. (Cf. ttya, nywa,
and kinwzleo.)
Nzi, n. (mainzi), a fly (insect).
See In zi.
Nzige, n. (), a locust.
O.
O, A. As a sound, 0 represents
the open vowel o sound, as in
Italian and other continental
languages, which would be written
aw in English, or or with the r
smooth, not trilled. The English
closed vowel sound, as in no, is
hardly pronounceable by a native.
When unaccented, the o retains
the same difference in a less
degree. The short o sound in
English not would be represented
by a Swahili as nart, not as nort. The
o in Swahili words must always be
uttered with the lips open, never
with a w sound at the end, i.e. like
owe.

0 and U are often not clearly

distinguished in Swahili, especially
vfhcn unaccented, and in words of
Arab or foreign origin, perhaps
partly under the influence of
Arabic, which has one vowel sign
for both. In some words o and u
coalesce. Thus ao and au represent
equally
well
common
pronunciations of the adverb

13. (i) In prefixes, and also

alone,as a snffix, -o is the sound
characteristic of the relative
pronoun, who, which. It is used in
combination with the appropriate
declension prefix of the noun
referred to, e. g. wo, yo, to, zo, cho,
vyo,po, ko, mo, but the simple -o is
capable of being substituted for any
of these, except in the few phrases
when these relative forms are used
as separate words, not affixed to a
verb- form, e.g. lo lote, vyo vyote,
&c., e. g. kiwc cho chote. The only
exception is that e or ye is almost
always used for o, to agree with the
Personal Pronouns in the singular
number,^ and with D i (S), e.g. mtu
aliye mwema, a man who is good; mi
mi nipendaye ndizi, I who am fond of
bananas.

The above relative forms

cannot as a rule bear the accent,
and therefore in verbs can only
follow tense signs capable of
bearing an accent (i.e. na,ja, li,
-ka, not ta, me, &c.).
These forms are sometimes
affixed to the adj. -ingine,
somewhat
generalizing
the
meaning, e.g. vitu vingi- nevyo, any
other sorts of things, panginepo,
elsewhere, in some (any) other
place (cf. -mojawapo).
An independent (uncombined)
relative form is made, regularly
in Mombasa and elsewhere, but
seldom in Z., by affixing the
above forms to the root amba,
with
or
without
kwamba
following, c. g. kitu ambacho (or,
ambacho kwamba) nakipenda, a
thing which I like, and so ambaye,
ambazo, ambalo, &c. Sec Amba.
(a) Connected with the o of relation
is the o of reference, which occurs
(a) in one form of demonstrative
adjective, viz. kuyo, huo, hiyo, hicho,

hao, &c., i.e. the pronoun of relative

nearness or reference, that there,

that already mentioned or referred
to, that in question, and in adverbs,
&c., formed from it, huko, hapo\ (b)
in combination with na, when it
may be regarded as a shortened
form of the above demonstrative
adjective of re

OA

ference, e. g.yunaye for yu

tiayeye, he is, zinazo for zi na hizo,
they are, &c.

292

OKOA

of swimming, with a Cs. ogel-eza,

-esha,

-ezwa, make (cause, teach) to swim.

Ogelesha vyombo, swim boats, as
children do. Sometimesfl/^svfo. Hapaogeleki, you cannot swim here. Mw-1
ogehshepunda, make the donkey
swim across. Cs. ogesha,
Oa, v. take a wife, marry a ogeshwa, e. g. take (send, order)
wife, of the man only. Ps. oawa to bathe, and osha, oskwa (which
(seldom used), be married,of see). Rp. ogana, e.g. all bathfr
the man only. Also Ps. olewa, be together.

( 3 ) -0 is subjoined to nouns
sometimes as an abbreviated form
of wao, wako, e.g. wenzio for wenzi
wao, their companions.

married,of the woman only. Nt.

oleka, of the woman only,be
married, be marriageable. Ap.
olea, olewa, marry with (for, at, in,
&c.), e.g. of gifts, accessories,
place, See. for marrying. Cs. oza
(also oaza), ozwa, cause (persuade,
allow) to marry, perform the
ceremony of marriage. Used of
parents,
friends
concerned,
persons assisting, the official, &c.,
and even of the bridegroom, * get
for wife, take in marriage (cf.
zika, zisha). Hence Ap. ozea, ozewa,
and ozelea, marry to (with, at,
&c.). Hence ozesha, oze- shwa, e.g.
uniozeske mtoto wako, allow me to
marry your daughter. Rp. oana, of
the couple marrying, and of
intermarriage
generally,
of
families, tribes, &c. (Cf. ndoa, harusi, andposa,poza, and dist. oza, v.)
*Ofsa, n. (ma-), also obsa,
hobsa, afsa, officer, i. e. the English
word as pronounced by a native.
So 6Jis, for office.

Oga, (1) v. bathe, wash the

whole body, take a bath. Koga is
often used as the root (i. e. ku-oga,
see Ku-), and distinguishes the
verb from oga, fear. .Ap. ogea,
ogewa, e.g. majiya kuogea, water
to bathe with, and cf. pakuogea, a
bathing-place,
a
bath-room,
chakuogea, a vessel to bathe in, a
bath, i.e. of the European kind,
otherwise kiogeo, birika (and cf.
hamamu). Plence a further Ap.
ogelea, ogelewa, ogeleka, used esp.

Oga, (2) v. fear, be afraid, be

timid, be cowardly. Derivative
stems ogwa, ogeka, ogea, ogewa,
ogesha, ogana, seldom if ever
heard,their
place
being
supplied by ogopa, ogofya, &c.
(See follg., and cf. hofu, tisha,
stuka, -cha, v. As contrasted with
hofu, oga refers more to the
character and disposition, the
mental attitude, hofu, to its
direction and object, esp. apprehension of the future.)
-oga, a. cowardly, timid,
nervous, easily frightened.
Sometimes also as n. for woga
(uoga) (which see). (Cf. oga, v.
fear, and follg.)
Ogofisha, Ogofya, v. both
used as Cs. of ogopa (which
see), frighten, terrify, alarm,
threaten, menace. Ogofya, ogofyo
(and mwogofyo, uogofyo), is also
a n. generally used in the plur.
maogofya,
menace,
threat,
denunciation. (Cf. oga, ogopa,
and syn. kamia, hofisha, tisha.)
Ogopa, v. be afraid (of), fear,
feel fear. Ps. ogopwa. Ap. ogop-ea,
-ewa, e. g. akuta unyonge kwa kuogopea roho, he gets disgrace
because , of being afraid for his
life. Cs. ogof-isha,-ishwa, ogofya,
i.e. frighten, terrify, threaten,
menace. (For interchange of f and
p see F, and cf. gomba, ugomvi, iba,
mwivi. Yorya, as a Cs. form, cf.

pona, ponya, and yd. Also cf. oga

(2), and note.)

Oka, v. roast, toast, bake, i.

e. prepare by applying fire only,
not with water. Of pottery, bum,
bake. Ps. okwa. Nt. okeka. Ap.
okea, okewa, and okelea. Cs.
okesha, okeshwa.
. (Cf. joko,
and for cook
ing pika, choma, kaanga.)
Okoa, v. save, rescue,
deliver, preserve. Ps .okolewa.
Nt. okoka. Ap. oko-lea, -lewa. Cs.
oko-za, -zwa, intens. e. g. exert
oneself to save, rescue, &c. Rp.
okoana. (Cf.

wokovu, mwokozi, maokozi, also

opoa, pona. Kr. connects it with
oka, as a Ry. talce off the fire, i.

OAtime, keep safe

292
OKOA
e. at the right
and sound.)
. plead for, intercede for, or
petition against, rather than ask
Okota, v. (i) pick up, take np for (i. e. to have) or ask of (i. e.
with fingers, hand, &c.; (a) light from). Thus kumwombea kwa
upon, come across, find by Muungtt, to intercede for him
chance, get without exertion or with God, is more usual than
anticipation. E.g. of fishing, kuombea baraka za Muungu, ask
wakiokota tiguva, hugawana, if they for Gods blessing, or simply
come across a dugong, they kuombea Muungu, pray to God.
divide it. Ps. okotwa. Nt. okoteka, Cs. omb-esha (ombeza), -eshwa, e.
e. g. maji ikimwagika haiokoteki, g. cause to beg, instruct in
spilt water cannot be picked up. prayers, &c. Rp. ombana. (Cf.
Ap. okot-ea,-ewa. Cs. okot-esha, mwombi, mwo- rnbaji, maombi,
-eshwa. Kp. okotana. (Cf. syn. zoa, mwombezi, uombezi, also syn.
kuta, vumbua, pa/a, and perh. sali, sihi, uliza. In sali (said),
okoa.)
however, the outward form
(ceremonial, ritual) of praying
Ole, n. (no plur., but treated as is the prominent idea, in omba,
D 4 (S), wole, i.e. uole), usually the object in view, in sihi, the
with a pron. adj. as an praying itself as an expression
exclamation of woe or pity, i. e. of felt need, an urgent appeal.
ole wangu ! woe is me ! ole wao / Uliza, is inquire of, or for ).
how sad for them ! Also mwettyi
ole,
a
melancholy,
sad,
Omboleza, v. bewail, lament,
despondent person.
in a ceremonial way. Used of
formal chanting of dirges, &c.
Olesha,
v.
also
Oleza, (Cf. mao- mbolezo, matanga, and
shortened Cs. of oga, for perh. omba.)
ogelesha. See Oga (i).
Omo, n. (;//<?-), forepart of
Olewa, v. Ps. of oa (which see), ship, bows, prow,also called
be married.
gubeti. Pepoza omo, winds that
carry forward, a wind astern, a
Oleza,v. and Oleleza, make fair wind. (Cf. ntdomo, rnwomo,
straight (even, level) with,- domo.)
and so, follow a pattern, copy,
imitate. Olezakitu na kilu kingine,
Omoa, v. (i) dig up, dig out,
make one thing like another. break up, e. g. of breaking up
(Cf.kiolezo. Not a usual word in soil with crowbars, &c.; (a) fig.
Z.
Cf.fuatisha,
linganiska, disturb, weaken, cause trouble
:awazisha, iga.)
in, make confusion; (3) bring to
light, reveal, show, begin, set on
Omba, v. beg (of), be a beggar, foot. E. g. omoa udongo, break
pray (to), request, ask (of), up earth. Omoa vita, bring about
with either person asked, or a war. Ps. omolewa, e. g. mti
thing asked, as object, or both. huomolezva na tunda zake, if a tree
Thus omba mtu, ask a person. is dug up, so are its fruits. Nt.
Omba mtu kitu, ask a person for a omoka. Ap. omo-lea, -lew a. Cs.
thing. Also omba kitu kwa mtu, ask omo-sha, shwa. Rp. ornoana.
a thing of a person, e.g. (Not often heard in Z. Cl.
nimeomba tiguo kwa bwana, I asked ehimbua, fukua, tekua, vumbua,
my master for clothes (cf. and perh. urnua.)
ombea). Ndivyo tuombavyo, so we
pray,a common rejoinder on
Ona, v. used of any mode of
hearing good news. Ps. ombwa.
Nt. ontbeka, e. g. be asked, be a

perception by the senses or the

mind, and hence with a wide
range of meanings, viz. 1. of the
senses. (O of sight. Ona alone and
unqualified by context usually
means, see w'ith the eyes, as contr.
with other senses, e.g. kusikia si
kuona, hearing is not the

OA

292

same as seeing. Ona (Imperat.),

look, use your eyes (contr. tazama,
fix your gaze upon, contemplate,
angalia, observe, attend to). By a
curious inversion, ona also is used
for * be transparent, e. g. ngao hii
inaona, this calico is transparent, i.
e. one can see through it, it sees.
(2) of the other senses, e. g. naona
kishindo, I hear a noise. Naona
harufu, I smell a smell. Naona mti
huu mgumu, I feel this wood is
hard. Naona uta- mu wake, I taste its
flavour. Naona kiti {njad), I am
thirsty (hungry). (3) get to see,
come on, find (cf. follg.}. 2. of
mental perception, of all kinds. (1)
of feelings, very commonly with a
defining noun, e. g. ona kiburi (hurutna, hasira, uwivu, furaha, haya,
mashaka, huzuni, &c.), I feel pride
(pity, anger, jealousy, joy, shame,
doubt, sorrow, &c.). (2) of other
mental faculties,observe, think,
be of opinion, notice, discern,
judge,
consider,
expect,
fancy,imagine. E.g. naona,very
commonly alone,I think so,
certainly, probably, possibly, it is
likely, perhaps. Naona nyani
kusema, I observe an ape speaking.
Naona utaona ajabu kuona barua kit,

I think you will feel surprise at

seeing this letter. Ps. omua, of all
the senses of the Act. Nt. oneka, e.
g. (1) be seen, &c.; (2) be perceptible (visible, audible, tangible,
&c.). So onekana, i. e. come into
view, become visible, be apparent,
be perceptible, appear, appear
like, (as if), seem to be. Rf. jiona,
(1) feel oneself, e.g. najiona nipo
kwetu, I feel myself quite at home,
I am quite at my ease ; (2)
commonly of affectation, selfconscious pride, Scc., i. e. be
conceited (arrogant, ostentatious,
affected), e. g. anajiona, he is
conceited, proud of himself,
showing off. Ap. on-ea, -ewa, e. g.
(1) see, feel, &c. with (for, at, by,

OKOA

in, against, &c.), e.g. natakakujionea, I want to see for myself.

Namwonea chuki, I am offended
with him. Usimwonee niakosa, do
not visit his errors upon him. (2)
commonly used alone in the
restricted sense of an active
expression of ill-feeling against,
i.e. ill-treat, harass, persecute,
oppress. Wale ndugu waka- mwonea
Siyalela, the sisters were hard on
Cinderella. So also in Ps. onewa,
be ill-treated, persecuted. Hence
also a Rp. oneana, tease each
other, as well as feel towards
each other, and a further Ap.
verb-stem one-lea, -lewa, in the
simpler sense feel towards. Cs.
(a) onya, Ps. onywa, (1) cause to
see, show, display, e. g.
nalimwonya njia, I showed him the
road; (2) warn, admonish, reprove, nikamwonya asiende, I
warned him not to go. Onya-onya
kiva mikono, gesticulate. Hence
onyeka,
and
onyekea,
e.g.
nimemwonya,lakini hakuoneka, I
warned him, but he was incapable
of taking a waning* (b) ony-esha,
-eshwa,
show,
point
out,
demonstrate, make clear (for the
simple onesha, which seems never
used,though formed from onya).
Hence onyesh-ea, -ewa, e. g. (pass.)
have a thing shown to one. Also
onyana, of mutual warning. Rp.
onana, see each other,often of
friendly meetings, cf. otiana uso
kwa uso, meet face to face; kwaheri
ya kuonana, good-bye till we meet
again. (Cf. tazama, sikia, angalia,
and mboni, oneo, onefu.)
Ondoa, v. (1) start off, set going
off; (2) take (put, send, move)
away, remove, take out of the way,
set aside, dismiss; (3) do away
with, abolish, finish off, conclude.
Uttio- ndoe nisimame, start me (help
me) to get up. Akili nyingi huondoa
maari- fa. Over-cleverness

overrides prudence, wits are not

wisdom. Daraka ya kuondoa na
kuweka, responsibility for
removing or establishing. Ondoa
nathari (ahadi), fulfil a vow, discharge a promise. Ondoa matanga,
* bring funeral ceremonies to an
end. Ondoa thambi, remit sin. Ps.
ondo

ONDOKEO
295
-lava. Nt. ondoka, e. g. (i) go
persecution.

away, make a move, get out of the

way, start off, set out (on a
journey), depart, withdraw, retire;
(a) rise up, get up, stand upright
(as the first step to going off, &c.),
e.g. often in beginning a story,
paliondoka (or paliondoked) mlu, a
man went (began, made a start).
Ottdoka mbeU yangu, get out of my
way. Ondoka katika ulimwengu,
depart from this world, die.
Alikuwa amelala, a- kaondoka anakcti,
he was lying prostrate, but he rose
(made a move) and sits up. Hence
ondok-ea, -ewa, (i) make a move for
(against, at, with, &c.), get out of
the way of, esp. of rising up
before, as a sign of respect, e.g.
haottdokewi, no respect is shown
him; also (a) rise up, swell,
protrude, stand out, become
prominent, e.g. maziwa yaanza
kumwondokea, her breasts begin to
swell. Hence a further Ap. form
ondokel-ea, -ewa, e. g. rise up and
leave a place, and ondo- keana. Ap.
ondo-lea, -lewa, e. g. send (take,
put) away for (by, with, at, .&c.),
i.e. remove from, deprive * of, rid
of, condone, forgive, &c. Ondolea
heshima, disgrace, degrade. Ond.
mashaka, rid of difficulties. Ond.
huzuni, comfort, cheer. Ond. thambi,
absolve from sin. Ond. hatiya,
acquit, &c. Rp. ondoleana,
ondoana. Cs. ondo-sha, -shzva,
intens. send off, despatch, dismiss,
cause to go away, do away with.
Ondosha nanga, get up an anchor
(commonly ngoa). Ondosha mtumishi, dismiss a servant, or
despatch on an errand. (Cf. toa,
weka, twaa, in various senses, and
ma- ondokeo, maondodo, and follg.)
Ondokeo. n. (ma-), departure,&c.
More usual in plur. (Cf. prcc.)
Ondoleo, n. (ma-), removal, &c.
More usual in plur. (Cf. ondoa.)
Onetu, n. (ma-), ill-feeling* unkindness. (Cf. onay onea.)
Oneo, n. (ma-), unkind treatment,

ONGOA

Ongea, n. only used in Z. in the

sense, spend time, talk, gossip,
idle, converse, pass time, waste
time. No derivative stems in use.
(Cf. ma- ongeziy ongeza, and syn.
zungumza, semozana, pi ska wakali.)

Ongeza, v. Cs. increase, add to,

make greater, multiply, magnify,
enlarge. Ongeza mantnoy make a
lengthy (or, additional) speech.
Ong. urefuy lengthen. Ps. ongez- wa.
Nt. ongezeka, e. g. be added to,
increase, multiply. Ap. ongez- ea,
-ewa, e.g. tumeongezewa tnizigo, we
have had our loads added to. Rp.
ongezana. (Cf. maongezo, nyongezay
and equally common Ar. syn.
zidisha, zidi.)

Ongezo, n. (ma-). See more

common (plur.) Maongezo..
Ongo, n. (ma-), only in plur.
rnaongo, sometimes used for the
back, back part (of man or
animals).
(Cf.
more
usu.
mgongoyahd ungo, maungo.)

-ongo, a. lyiDg, false, pretended,

sham, deceitful,but -a uongo is the
form commonly used of things. (Cf.
mwongo of persons, uongo, and perh.
follg.)

Ongoa, v. cause to go right,

guide, lead, set right, reform,
correct, convert, make successful,
prosper. Ongoa rnloto, give a child
a good training. Useme naye h'atta
u- mwongoe, talk to him till you
convert him. Ongoa mbele, lead
forward. Ongoa ttjia, make the
road straight, take a straight
course on. Uongo hauongoi, a lie
docs not pay. Ps. ongolewa. Nt.
ongoka, e.g. become straight, be
set right, be well taught, prosper,
be reformed, be converted, &c. E.
g. vilimo havikuo- ngoka, their
.plantings did not turn out well.
Ongoka moyo, become a reformed

character. A/ti umeongoka, the pole

has become straight, is straight.
Hence ongok-ea, -ova, e.g. mwaka
huu watu wamtongokewa, this year
people have been prosperous (cf.
fanikiwa). Ongokea Aluungu, be
turned (directed) to God. Ap.
ongo-lea, -lewa, ongoea, e. g.
ongolea mtoto, get a child to be
tractable. Muungu amemwongolea
kazi, God has granted success to
his labours. Cs. ongo-za, -zwa,
intens. make go right, drive
forward, carry on vigorously.
Ongoza kazi, do good work. Ongoza
maneno, give a good turn to a
discussion, clear up a statement.
Ongoza kuku, drive fowls along a
road. Hence ongozana, e.g. ngojnbe zimeongozana, the cattle have
worked their way on. Rp. ongoana. (Cf. mwongozi, kiongozi,
-ongofu, and perh. otigea, and even
-ongo, of which ongoa is possibly
Rv., i. e. turn from wrong.
-ongofu, a. one who is set right,
reformed,
converted,
wellconducted,
well-trained,
successful. (Cf. prec.)
Onja, v. (i) taste, take a taste of;
(2) try, test, examine. E.g. onja
none, taste and see,if a thing is
good. Onja mil ego, inspect traps.
Ps. onjwa. Nt. onjeka. Ap. onj-ea,
-ewa, e. g. mwiko wa kuonjea asali, a
spoon to taste the honey with. Cs.
onj-esha, -eshwa.
Rp. onjana.
(Cf. maonji, mwonjo, kionja, nyonda,
and jdribu.)
Opoa, v. (i)take (fetch, pull,
draw)
out;
(2)fig.
save,rescue,deliver. E.g. opoa ndoo
kisimani, fish up a bucket out of a
well. Opoa sumu, get poison out of
the system,by medicine. Ps.
opolewa. Nt. opoka, e. g. be
saved

iron hook (to pull with). Hence

opol-eza, -ezwa. Cs. opo-sha, -shwa.
Rp.
opoana. (Cf. kiopoo, and /
0a, pona.)

Orofa, n. (, and ma-)} also

Ghdrofa, upper room, upper floor
(story, flat) of a house. Nyumba ya
orofa tatu, a house with three upper
rooms (or, stories). (Arab, ghirofa,
cf. ckumba, dari, tabaka, juu.)
-ororo, a. (nyororo with D 4 (P),
D 6 ,jor07-o with D 5 (S)), soft,
smooth,
velvety, tender. Nguo nyororo, a
soft fabric. Godoro jororo, a soft
mattress. Mwili tnwororo, soft
flesh. (Cf. laini, -a7iana, contr.
-gumu, hard.)
Osha, v. Cs. of oga (see Oga,
Ogesha), wash,the most
general term for washing
anything, but for special kinds
of washing see Fua ( beat/of
clothes), Nawa, Tawaza. Osha
nguo, wash clothes (cf. josho, m
wosho). Osha mwili {maiti), wash
the body (a dead body). Ps.
oshwa. Nt. oskeka, e.g. be
washed, be washable, stand
washing. Nguo za kuoskeka, a
good washing stuff. Ap. oshea,
oshewa, e. g. unioshee w,wash
my clothes for me. Makali pa
kuoshewa maiti, a place for washing corpses. Cs.
osheza,
oskezwa.

Rp. oskana.

(Cf. oga, &c., and.

see above.)
*Osia, v. also Usia, and
Wosia (which see). (Ar.)

Ota, v. There appear to be three

distinct verbs in this form, all
(rescued, cured). Ap. opo-lea, common in restricted senses, and
-lewa, e.g. chuma cha kuopolea, an each with similar derived stems,
viz. 1. grow, sprout, spring up,

ONDOKEO

usually of vegetable life, or of

growth resembling it, e. g. of
nails, hair, &c. (So also ?nea, but
of animal growth usually kua.) E.
g. mihindi inaota, the maize is
springing up. Simba huota nyele za
shingo, lions grow manes, i. e.
ota, in a semi-active sense. Hence
Ap. otea, Cs. otesha, oteshwa, e. g.
cherish, tend, rear. (Cf. otea, and ?
woio, vegetation, plant-life.) 2. (a)
dream, have a dream; (b) be in a
dreamy, dozing state, be half
awake, be silly,often with ndoto
following. Deri vs. as above. Rp.
otana, dream about each other (cf.
ndoto). 3. sit by (in, for), squat
down at, often with jua, i. e. bask
in the sun, or moto, sit close to a
fire, warm oneself. Ap/ otea,
otewa, like ota, and also esp. lie in
wait, form an ambush,lookoutfor.
(Cf. ? oteo, an ambush, and otama,
and perh. moto.

295

ONGOA

Oteo, n. (mu-), (i) growth,

shoot, sprout (cf. ota, i) ; (2) ?
ambush, lying in wait (cf. ota, 3).

-ovu, a. bad,usually in a
moral sense, wrong, unprincipled,
wicked, evil. If required to agree
with nouns not of D 1, then
usually -a uovu, e. g. nyumba sa
uovu, wicked houses, not nyumba

ovu. A/ema na maovu ndio

ulimwengu, the world is a mixture
of good and bad. Contr. -bovu,

apparently from the same root, but

of physical condition, c. g. nyumba
mbovu, dilapidated houses. Also cf.
-baya, which includes the meanings of -ovu and -bovu. (Cf. uovu,
and perh. oza, ovyo.)

Ovyo, n. and adv., trash,

useless articles, rubbish, what is
common and valueless. As adv.
anyhow, recklessly, haphazard, at
random, extravagantly, foolishly.
For sitting generally, kaa kitako, keti.)
Otama, v. squat, sit. (Seldom in Atpanda ovyo hula ovyo, he who
sows rubbish gets rubbish to eat.
Z. Cf. ota, 3, and perh. atamia.)'
(Perh. cf. ovu.')
-ote, a. all, all the, the whole
Owama, Oweka, -owefu, v.
(of). Like the a. -enyi, -ertyewe,
-ingitto, and sometimes -ema, -ote
follows the so-called pronominal See Lows, Lowama, Loweka,
and demonstrative adjectives as to -lowefu.
forms of agreement with nouns,
Oza, v. (1) go bad, rot,
i.e. wote, yote, zote, chote, pole, See. putrefy,
spoil, be corrupt. Tia
(cf. huyu, and -angu), except that dawa isioze,
use medicaments to
yote is the form agreeing with D i
prevent
putrefaction,
use
(S). *ote also takes the forms sole,
nyote when associated with the antiseptics, embalm (a corpse).
moja
akioza,
wote
pronouns sisi, nittyt. Nyumbayote, all Samaki
, if one fish is bad, all
the house, the whole house. wameoza
Ap. oz-ea, -ewa. Cs. oz-esha,
Nyumba zottr,all the houses. -ote is are.
(Cf. -ovu, -bovu, and
generalized by combination with a -eshwa.
(2) Cs. of oa (which
corresponding separate relative pooza.)
marry, and obs. in oa also
form, e. g. mtu ye yote, any man see),
whatever. I Vatu wo wote, neno lo a kindred form posa, poza).
lote, 8ec. (cf. awaye yote, kiwaeho
P.
chote). All, in the sense of 1
every individual/ is denoted by
P represents the same sound as
-ote -moja-moja, e.g. vitu vyote in English. At the beginning of
kimoja- kimoja, everything singly. some Swahili words it may be
(Cf. killa.)
heard pronounced in an emphatic

semi-explosive way (as t is in

some words), which probably
reflects a vanishing n sound
before the /, as in pepo, plur. of
ttpepo, for tipepo. This difference
is, however, never important and
seldom noticeable in Z.
P before^ is changed to f in
some words, e.g. ogofya, Cs. of
ogopa, fear, and qfya, a Cs. of
apa, swear. '
Band
B are
hard to
distinguish in some words as
commonly
pronounced,
e
g.poromoka,f>ofu,wnA
others.
(Obs. these sounds are not
distinguished in Arab.)
P- sometimes represents the
pfx. pa- before an e or a. See
Pa-.

Pa, (1) is the form of the

preposition -a, of, agreeing with
D 7, i.e. mahali (pahali}, place,
or with a noun with the locative
termination ni, e.g. mahali pa
mawe, a stony place, or, stony
places. A/jini pa rngeni, in the
foreigner's town. (2) used alone
(not as a preiwsition) after
mahali, represents (like the other
pers. nfxs.) the verl>-form ni,
is, e.g. mahali hapa pa perna, this
place is a good one. (3) is a
verb- root, meaning give. See
Pa, v.
Pa-. P-, is the pers.-pfx. (t) of
verbs and adjectives agreeing with
D 7, i. c. mahali {pahali), place

ONDOKEO

.PAA (2) and PA

of adjectives
agreeing with
nouns which have the locative
ending -ni, indicating position.
(A#-, kw-, and m-, mw- are also
used with nouns in ni, but pa- is
more general than m-, into, within,
from within, and less general than
ku-, which includes the whole
environment, not position only.)
(3) pa is also used of time, i. e.
position in time, esp. in the
relative form -po, and in the adv.
hapa, pale, in which here, on the
spot and now, at once, are
often blended. See Po. (4) pa is
also prefixed to verbs in a general
sense, without definite reference
to place, e. g. pana (palikuwa) mtu,
there is (was) a man. Hapana,
there is not, no. Palikwenda asikari,
a soldier went. (5) for this pfx.
combined with the relative -0 see
Po. Cf. also papa, papo, hapa, hapo.
E. g. ma- hali pake pema
pampendeza, his good position
pleases him. Shambani pangu, at
my plantation. Mahali pale pazuri
ndipo palipokuwapo mamba, that
beautiful spot is where there were
crocodiles. Pa- becomes p- in
verbs before a, when a tense-sign,
and in adjectives before -a, -e, and
-0, e. g. p-angu, p-ema, p-ote, and
coalesces with an i following to
form -e, e. g. pengi for pa- ingi.

295

ONGOA

Pa, v. give to,

bestow on, present
with. As a rule, the
simple stem pa is combined with
an objective pfx. denoting a
person, not a thing, i. e. it occurs
only as nipa, kupa, mpa, tupa, wap a,
jipa. Thus it may be regarded
grammatically as a dissyllabic
root with varying initial syllable,
and so does not follow the rule of
monosyllabic verb-roots, as to the
formation of tenses with ku-, i. e.
the Infinitive form. See -fa, and
Ku-. This restriction of the use of
pa leads to the use of toa in its
place, when all reference to a
person as object is omitted, i. e. in
the sense give, give away,
bestow, distribute,present. But toa
is vague, and means take away*
as well as give, e.g. aliitoa nguo,
he presented the garment, or, he
removed, took away the garment.
Ilitolewa, it was given, or, it was
withdrawn. See Toa. (Exceptions
to the above rule are rare, e. g.
Muyngu hapi kiva mvua, God does
not give (i. e. bless) by rain (only).
Kiiu kilichopewa na mtu, a thing
which was given by some one.)
Pa is often contr. with nyima, e. g.
alionipa mimi, ndio aliokunyima wee,
what he gave to me is what he
took from you. -pa mgongo, turn
the back on. -pa uso, face, -pa rat
hi, content, satisfy, -pa mkono,
congratulate, condole with. -pa
salamu, salute. Jipa varies with the
idea attached to the Rf., e.g. jipa
ujinga, play the fool, be purposely
silly. Jipa mali, pretend to be rich.
Jipa makuu, be a grandee, make a
foolish show. Jipa moyo, take heart,
gain courage. Jipa salamu, consider
oneself safe. Jip& ubwana,
domineer, tyrannize,and so on.
See Ji. Ps. pewa, and sometimes
pawa, with a personal subject only,
be given, be presented with,
receive as a gift, e.g. nimepewa, I
have had a present. Nt. peka,
seldom used. Ap. -pea, or -pia (and

there is a Nt. palika as if from palia), give to, &c. Sumu umenipianii
What, have you given me poison ?
Hence peana, piana, e. g. peana
mikono (salamu), conclude a
bargain, exchange greetings. Cs.
(none in use). Rp. pana, e.g. ahadi
(mikono, zawadi), make mutual
promises (engagements, presents).
(Cf. mpaji, kipaji, ki- pawa, and toa.)
Paa, v. (1) go up, ascend, mount,
rise,like panda, which is more
common, and cf. kwea. Vs. pawa,
Nt. palika. Ap. palia, palika, paliwa,
e. g. maji yanipalia rohoni, phlegm
rises in my throat, or nime- paliwa
na maji, Cs. paza, paliza

295

ONDOKEO

sloping

ONGOA

thatched side of a native roof,

pazwa, raise, cause to rise. Paza the smaller sides or ends being
(paliza) sattii, lift up the voice,
speak in a loud tone.- Pazapumuzi, kipaa, () the roof of a hut (in
draw the breath in, inhale (shusha general). Thu
pumuzi, exhale). (Cf. panda, kwea,
inua.) (2) (also para), scrape,
scrape off, scrape up, e.g. paa samaki or magamba ya samaki, clean a

fish for cooking by scraping off

the scales. So of potatoes, gum
copal, &c. Paa moto, convey fire,
by getting a live ember on a sherd,
i. e. twaa moto kwa kigai. Paa inchi,
scrape, paw the ground, c. g. as a
horse. Paa karata, clear off the
cards, i.e. win a game (cf. para,
paruza). Ps. pawa. Nt. palika. Ap.

palia, palika, paliwa, pal ilia, palililiwa, (1) as above, e.g. unipalie
samaki, clean the fish for me. (2)

also esp. of cleaning ground under

cultivation, i. e. which has been
once hoed, i.e. * collect weeds off,
hoe the surface of the ground.
And palilia is used of the
subsequent operations, piling
grass (rubbish, weeds) in heaps, or
round the roots of trees or plants,
6cc. Palil-iza, -izwa, employ in
cleaning-work. (3) fig. raise up for
(against), stir up feeling, e.g. paliliza ugonrvi, raise a quarrel (cf.
cho- chclca, vutnbilid). Cs. paaza, paazwa. Used of coarse grinding of

grain, or pounding with a pestle

and mortar (as contr. with saga,
fine grinding between mill
stones). Rp, paana. (Cf. para,
paruza, and kuna, komba.)
Paa, n. (1) (), a gazelle, esp.
one of the very small species
which alone exists in Zanzibar
and the neighbouring islands, and
so represents * antelope there,
though there is no such generic
name. (Names of antelopes, which
reach Z. from the mainland, are
kuru, ntpofu (J>ofu),kulungu,kongoni (kuguni), mbawala
(tnbala), ttyu- mbu

, &c.)

(2) (ma-)

(a)

the

paa la makuti, a roof of cocoanutleaf thatch. Paa Id rngongo, a

gable roof. Mapaa manne, a foursided roof. (?Cf. paa, v., and
panda, mount up, or follg.) (3)
s
(ma-), bald part of the head, i.e.
paa (or para) la kichwa. (Cf. it paa,
ness, calamity, an evil spirit. (Cf. and perh.paa, v. scrape.) mpagazi, upagazi, and follg., and
Paanda, Paango, n. See
syn. chukua, the common word for
carry in Z.,pagaa being only Panda, Pango.

used in
above.)

restricted

senses

as

Paaza, v. grind coarsely,of

grain. (Prob. Cs. i. e. intensive
Pagao, n. a charm (against form of paa (para), scrape
possession by a spirit, or other (which see). (Cf. also paruzax)
calamity). (Cf. prec. and upagazi,
Pacha, n. (, and ma-), (1) a
hirizi, tala- si mu.)
twin, one of twins; (2) something
Pagua, v. lop, prune, strip off, resembling another, counterpart.
e.g. boughs, leaves, stalks, fibres, Zaa (zaliwa) pacha, bear (be born)
of trees. Ps .paguliwa. A\>.pagu- twins. Pacha-pacha, like twins,
lia, -liwa. (Cf. pogoa,prob. a similar,e.g. nyumba hizi ni pachapacha, these houses are a pair,
variant of the above.)
exactly alike.
Pahali, n. (), place, spot,
Pachika, v. secure in a
position, situation, locality. (Ar.
mahali, whence the common particular position, fix, stick, e.g.
mahali, altered to pahali to suit /. mshale, adjust an arrow to the
bowstring. P. kisu mshipini
the B. locative prefix pa.)
(kiunoni), stick a knife into the
Paja, n. (ma-), thigh, ham, of girdle (at the waist). Shada la
human beings,kiweo usually of matta lakujipachika sikioni, a
animals. Also plur. of upaja, with nosegay to wear over the ear.
Also jipachika, sit astride of,
same sense.
bestride. Ps. pachikwa. Other
Paji, n. (ma-). P. la uso, fore- derivs. seldom occur, e.g.
head. Also called kikotno cha uso, Nt.pachikia. Cs.packikisha. (Cf.
ftitika, chomeka, and obs. Nt.
and kipaji. (Dist. follg.)
termination with Act. meaning.)
-paji, a. liberal, generous,
Padre, n. {ma-), a clergyman,
openhanded. (Cf. pa, kipaji, upaji,
a priest. (Portug. Cf. Ar. kasisi,
mpaji, and syn. -karimu.)
kuhani.)

Paka, n. (, or ma-, according

Fafu, n. (ma-), a lung,esp. of
to size), a cat. Paka ndume, a tomcat. A half-wild cat in a town is a dead animal, i.e. a butcher's or
sometimes called mnttnda. Dim. doctors term. (Cf. kifua, and
purnu, of the living organ.)
kipaka.
Paka, v. (i) also Pakaa, apply,
lay (on), spread (on), usually of
some
greasy
or
adhesive
substance, i. e. daub, smear,
anoint, paint on, e. g. paka mtoto
mafuta, smear a child with oil
(ointment). P. rangi, paint. P.
chokaa, plaster. P. udongo, plaster

Pagaa, v. (1) carrv,esp. as a

load, on head or shoulders, but
also more generally, e. g. of
charms worn on the neck; (2)
used oi the influence or power of
an evil spirit over a man, possess
(i. c. perh. carry along against
his
will).
Ps.pagazva,
e.g.
amepagawa na pepo, he is possessed
by a spirit. Cs. paga-ia,zva, e.g. (1)

PAKO

301

with mud (clay, earth). Ps .pakwa.

Ap. pakia, e. g. of an instrument
used for painting, &c. (but dist.
pakia, put on board ship). Cs.
paka-za, -zwa, intens. smear, rub
on, e. g. hupakaza mtoto dawa mwili
mzima, they smear the childs
whole body with medicaments.
(Perh. cf. kipaku, a patch, spot,
smear, and ?pakua.) (2) mark the
boundary of, fix the bounds of.
Paka shamba, mark the bounds of
an estate. No Ps. or other deriv.
stems
seem in
use,except
Rp.pakana, have a common
boundary, be adjacent, adjoin, be
next to each other,with a Cs.
pakaiiisha, lay out side by side,
cause to adjoin. Other parts are
supplied by ?npaka with various
verbs. (Cf. mpaka.)

Pakacha, n. (ma-), (1) a light

basket,used for carrying fish or
fruit, &c., made by plaiting part of
a cocoanut leaf. (Cf. kikapo.) (2)
night-robber, one who waylays
passers-by.
(Cf.
mwivi,
mnyanganyi.)
Pakanya, n. rue (Str.).
Pakata, v. hold a child on the
knee, lap, or shoulder. Ps. pakatwa.
Nt. pakatika, e. g. mtoto

PAMBANA

Ps.pakiwa, be loaded, have on

board. A^.paki-lia,~liwa,
( 1 ) ship goods (a cargo,
passengers, &c.) to (for,
in, by, &c.). Also pakili-za, -zwa, ship, have
shipped-, see to the
shipping of, contract for
freight for, &c.
(2)
also, lay upon, charge
up, lay to the charge of, put on the
shoulders of, and more generally,
pile up, make heaps of. Hence
pakiliana, (1) load one on the top
of another, pile up in heaps, and
(2) of mutual recrimination,
countercharges, &c. Cs.paki-za,
-ziva, get freight stowed on board,
see to shipping, contract for
freight, with eitherthe vessel (cart,
vehicle, boat, Ac.) loaded, or the
cargo (load, freight), as object.
Pakiza gari, load a cart. Pakiza nazi,
ship cocoanuts. Vitu vipakiswavyo,
exports. Jipakiza, take on ones
own conscience, charge oneself
with, undertake, be responsible
for. Pakiana, get themselves on
board, huddle together on board.
(Cf. upakizi, upakio, pakua, and
perh. paka, v.)

Pako- a. form of -ako, your,

yours, agreeing with D 7
huyu hapakatiki, afurukuta, there is (mahali) and locatives in -fit. (Cf.
no holding this child, he is so pa-, -ako.)
restless. Ap. pakat-ia,-hua. .
Cs.pakat-isha, -ishwa. (Perh. cf.
Paku, n. (wa-), usually in the
paka, v., and for the termination dim. form kipaku (which see), a
-ta, ambata, fu- mbata, kamata, &c.) patch, spot, smear, Ac.
(Cf.
paka, v.)
Pake, a. form of -ake, his, her,
its,agreeing with D 7 (mahali),
Pakua, v. Rv. ofpakia, take out,
and locatives in -ni.
take off, unload, c. g. tukapakua
vitu katika mashua, and we unPakia, v. put (take) on board a loaded the luggage from the boat.
vessel,of passengers or cargo, Commonly of taking cooked food
ship, load a ship with, embark, off the fire,dish up, serve up,
have on board, stow, pile up. bring on the table. Ps. pakuliwa.
Wakafanya
merikebu,
ikapakia Nt. pakulika, c. g. be fit for serving
vyakula, they built a vessel, and it up. Ap. pakul-ia, -iwa. Cs. pakuwas loaded with provisions.

lisha, -lishwa, -liza. Rp. pakua tt a. on a gay dress (ornaments, Ac.).

(Cf. pakia.)
Ps .pambwa. Nt. pambika.
Aip.pamb-ia, -iwa, e. g. give a
Pakuogea, n. i. e. mahali /., a finishing touch to, finish on, e.

place to wash in, bathroom. (So g. a dish of food for the table.
pakuingilia, entrance, access; paku- Cs.pamb-isha,
-ishwa,
e.g.
tokea, outlet, exit.
undertake to decorate, furnish,
&c. Rp. pambatta (but see
Palama, v. be unproductive, be Pambana). (Cf. pambo, mpambe,
unprofitable, e. g. of a tree, which mpambi, mpambaji, and syn.
docs not bear well, or a town rembesha, urembo.)
where trade is bad. (Not common,
and no common derivatives.)
Pambaja, v. embrace, clasp
in the arms. (Not often in deriv.
Palo, a. form of the demonstr. stems. Cf. kumbatia.)
n.
-/If,agreeing with D 7 (mahali) (),
and locatives in -ni, that, that yonder. As an adv. there*, in that spot, embrace. Pigaembrace, v.
then, at that time. So pale- pale, on
the spot, at once, just then, just
Pambana, v. come together, get
there. Pale indicates distance, and into contact,whether pleasant or
great distance is indicated by otherwise,thus of ships (1) go .
prolonging the last vowel and abreast, lie alongside, or (2)
raising the pitch of the voice collide, fall foul of each other,
proportionately, i. e. pali-i-i. (Cf. jostle together. Ap. pamban-ia,
mle, kule, papa, hapa, hapo.)
-iwa. Cs. pambart-isna, -ishwa, c. g.
(1) set side by side, bring
Paha. Palilia, Paliza, Ac. See together, exhibit, compare; (2) set
Paa, v.
in contrast, cause conflict
(opposition,
contradiction,
Palikuwa, v. Past Tense of confusion) in (or, among), c. q.
-wa, v. be, with pfx. pa, of place.
pa- mbanisha marietta, make
Often with na in narrative, e. g. conflicting statements, show to be
palikuwa na mtu, there was once a
contradictory, Ac., and of persons,
man. (Cf. pana, there is, and tia.)
make trouble between, set at
variance.
Also
Palu, n. (tna-), also Paru, a pasweetmeat made of bhang, or
opium, with sugar, Ac.
mbattya, of persons and things,
Pamba, n. (), (1) cotton, browbeat, talk down, discredit,
the produce of the cotton plant, shake the evidence of, Ac. (Seems
mpamba. Nguoyapamba, cotton
cloth, calico. (Cf. sttji, tree to have n
cotton.) (2) sometimes for the
common pambo (which see),
ornament, furniture, fittings.
(Cf. follg.)
Pamba, v. adorn, deck out,
decorate, embellish,and of a
house,
furnish,
fit
for
occupation. Pamba maiti, prepare
a corpse for burial. Jipamba, put

PAKO

PAMBANUA

301
302

PAMBANA
PANDA

disfurnish, &c. Ps. patnbuliwa. Nt.

o
connexion with pamba, v. Cf. pambulika. K\}.pambu-lia, -liwa. Cs.
patnbu- lisha, -lishwa.
(Cf.
mpatnbano, and follg'.)
pamba, and
Pambanua, v. Rv. of pantbana,
draw apart, pick out, separate nmbua.)
from others, and so, discriminate,
distinguish, select, clear up,
explain. Ps. pambanuliwa. Nt.
pambanuka. Ap. pambanu-lia, -liwa.
(Cf. syn. cleza,fafanua, and follg.)
Pambaua, Pambauka, Pambauko. See Pambazua, See.
Pambazua, v. seems to be an
irreg.
Cs.
connected
with
pambanua, make clear, explain, e.
g. p. maneno, speak plainly, make a
case clear. Nt. pambazuka is
chiefly used in a purely physical
sense, of the dawn, become
clear, get light, be daytime.
Kumepambazitka,
morning has
come. Hencepambazukia, dawn
upon, e. g. tumepambazukiwa, dawn
has risen upon us, it has found us
asleep, we are late in getting up.
(For dawn, cf. cha, v., and follg.)
Pambazuko, n. (ma-), dawn,
light of morning. (Cf prec., also
weupe, assubuhi, alfajiri.')
-pambe, a. adorned, dressed
up, decorated, e. g. mnara tnpambe,
a decorated tower. (Cf. patnba, and
mpatnbe.')

Pambo, n. {ma-), ornament, decoration, embellishment,and so

of a house, fittings, furniture,of
dress, finery, jewellery, fine
clothes, &c. (Includes any kind of
personal and other adornment. Cf.
urembo, for various kinds, and syn.
nzuri; also valia from vaa, v.,
patnba, and follg.)
Pambua, v. Rv. ofpamba,
remove adornment, disfigure,

Pamoja, a. form of -moja,

agreeing with D 7 {mahali), and
locatives in -ni, one, the same.
Also as adv., at one place, at one
time, all together, unanimously.
Pamoja na,together with, at the
same place (time) as, in company
of. (Cf. -moja, mamoja.)

mpanda huyu shetani, this evil spirit

will come out of him. Panda mti
{juuya mti), climb up a tree. Ps.
pandwa. Nt. pandika. Ap. pand-ia,
-iwa, e. g. get up with (to, by,
&c.). Ngazi ya kupandia, a ladder to
get up by. Cs. pand- isha, -ishwa,
also panza, e. g. cause to go up,
raise, hoist, increase. Panza
Pana,
verb-form,agreeing mtambo {na bunduki), cock; the
with D 7 {mahali), there is, it has. trigger (of a gun). Amekipanza.
(Cf. kuna, mna, and see Pa-, Na.)

-pana, v. Rp. of -pa, v. (which

see).
-pana, a. (same with D 4 (P), D
5 (S), D 6), broad, wide, flat,
level. Inchi patiapana, a flat
country, a plain (cf. sawa). Bahari
pana- pana, broad, open sea.
Mapana is used as a n., breadth,
broad (flat) side. Kwa mapana,
breadth-wise, across. (Cf. upana,
panua, artd dist. -nene, thick, i. e.
of measurement through an
object, while -pana is rather of
measurement of a surface, across
an object.)
Panapo, verb-form, like kunako,
mnamo, where there is (are, was,

were), or, there is (are, was, were)

there, according as -po
represents
the
relative
or
demonstrative.
(Cf.
pa,
na,pana,po.)

Panda, v. A. (1) go up, ascend,

climb, mount, get upon, ride upon
(cf. kwea); (2) fig. rise (of price),
increase (in number, weight,
quantity, &c.) (cf. zidi); (3) cover
(of a male, animal). Panda
chomboni, go on board a vessel
(also ingia). Chombo kitnepanda
pwani {mwamba), the vessel has run
ashore (on a rock). Panda frasi {juu
ya frasi), mount a horse, get on
horseback. Mpanda frasi wawili,
hujishuka miguu mi- wili, he who
mounts on two horses comes
down with his two feet. Ata-

PAKO

301

ekombo mwamba, he ran the vessel

on a rock. Rp.pandana, get on one

another, and so (e. g.) overlap,

cross each other, lie across each
other. (Cf. pit ana, kitigamana,
paliana.')
Hence
pandan-isha,
-ishwa. (Cf. paudio, paa, fovea.) B.
sow, plant, set in the ground
(whether seed or plant). Obs .
pandikiwa, be grafted. Pandii-iza,
-iswa, graft, e. g. pandikiza chipukizi
la ntchung- wa, graft a cutting from
an orange tree. But possibly this
should be bandikiza, see Bandika.
(Other derived stems as above.
Cf. tnpanzi, mpandi, mpandaji,
mpando, pando.)

Panda, n. (i) (, and wa-),

parting,
division,
fork,
bifurcation, e. g. njia ya p., or njia
the place
where a road divides, or where
roads meet, cross-ways. Panda za
mto, branches (arms) of a river.
Panda za mti, arms of a tree. Kijiti
cha panda, a forked stick, for
getting down fruit from a tree. (2)
a crosspiece, e. g. short arm of a
cross transept of a church). (3) a
trumpet. Piga panda, blow a
trumpet.
Pande, n. (1) (wa-), a big piece
(part, side), block, mass, lump, c.
g. p. la ehuma, a bar (or lump) of
iron ; p. la mti, a block of wood ;
p. la jitu, a huge giant. (2) plur. of
upando (which see). (Cf. ki- pandv,
and prec.)

PAMBANA

in, with, &c.). Hencepangil-ia,

-iwa, set rows upon rows, i. e.
interpose, intersperse, put in
between rows, put ih alternate
places, e. g. pattgilta tnapando,
plant crops in regular rotation,
arrange a succession of crops.
Also pangitiana, succeed in regular
order, or rotation. Cs. pangisha,
often in tens., e. g. pangisha watu
karamuni, see that guests are duly
arranged at a feast. Rp. pangana, e.
g. of people arranging themselves
in rows, as soldiers, guests', &c.
Also patigana safu, fall into line,
dress,of soldiers.
( 2 ) hire, rent, take for use
on. hire. P. nyumba, hire
a house. P. moto, borrow
a light for a fire. Panga
also seems used to
mean, let on hire,the
same transaction from
another point of view,
see below. Ps. pangwa,
be let on hire, e.g. a
house. And sometimes
of the person hiring, get
on hire. Nt. pangiia. Ap.
pang-ia, -izva. Cs. pang-is
ha, -ishwa, e. g. get a
person to let, hire, or,
get a person to hire,
allow to hire, let to a
person. Ninternpangisha
nyumba, I have let a
house to him, or, I have
rented a house from
him. Unipangishe, allow
me to hire. (Cf. mpango,
kodi, kodisha, ajiri.)

Panga, n. (rna-), a kind of

Pandio, n. (wa-), means (act,
bivalve with broad, flat,
method) of climbing, e. g. steps shellfish,
sharp- edged shell. (Cf. upanga, a
cut in a cocoanut stem.
sword, but dist. its plur.t/aa.) *
Panga, v. (1) set in a line, put
Pangilio, n. (wa-),
in order, arrange. E. g. panga interposition, succession,
mizigo, set down loads in a row. alternation, rotation, e. g.
Panga asikari, draw up soldiers in mapangilio la mapando, rotation of
line. Is. patigwa. Nt. pangiia. Ap. crops. Also of a vein, or lode, of
pangia, -izva, e. g. arrange for (at,

metal, See. enclosed in rock. (Cf.

panga, v.)
Pangino, Panginepo,a. and
adv., also Ppngine, form of -ngine,
Engine,agreeing with D 7
(mahali) or locatives in -ni. Also as
adv. elsewhere, anywhere. (Cf.
-ngine,
-ingine, and pa-.)
Pango, n. (, and of size,
wa-), a hollowed-out place,
natural recess, cave, grotto, den,
hole, lair of an animal, csp. of a
large one. Dim. kipango, e. g. of a
rat hole. (Cf. snimo, tundu.)
Pangu, a. form of -angu,
agreeing with D 7 {mahali), and
locatives in -ni. (Cf. -angu, and
/a-.)

PAKO

301

PANGUA

PAMBANA

native hut, laid across the larger

804

PAPIA

poles (kombamoyo) used as rafters,

and carrying the thatch ; (2) long
Pangua, v. cut off at a single thin pieces of iron, whether flat or
stroke, slash off, remove with one round, e. g. pao za chuma, rod iron,
sweep of the arm. (Cf. upanga.)
iron bars; (3) clubs (in cards, Str.).
(Cf. upao,paua, and ufito.)
Pangusa, v. wipe, brush, rub
clean, dust, e. g. with a brush or
Pao, a. form of -ao, their,
cloth. Pangusa vumbi katika vyo- theirs, agreeing with D 7 (mahali)
mbo hivi, wipe the dust off these and locatives in -ni. (Cf. -ao, pa-.)
articles. Ps. panguswa. Nt.
pangusika.
Ap. pangus-ia, -iwa.
Cs. pangus-iska, -ishwa. {Cf.futa,
sugua.)

Panja, n. (a-), forelock, from

which the hair is brushed away on
both sides. (Cf. shungi.)
Panua, v. also sometimes
Panya, make broad, broaden,
widen, spread apart, open out.
Panua miguu, sit with legs apart,
also, take long strides. Panya
mwanya, make a wide gap
between teeth, for beauty. Ps.
panuliwa. Nt.panuka. Ap. panu-lia,
-liwa. (Cf. -pana, namua.')
Panya, n. (, and of size,

ma-), a rat,of any common kind.

Dim. kipanya, a young rat, a
mouse. Paka akiondoka, panya
hutawala, when the cat is away, the
rat is king. (Cf. buku, the very
large Zanzibar rat. Dist. panya, Cs.
form for panua.)

Panza, v. Cs. of panda, for

pand- isha.

Panzi, n. (ma-), (i) a grasshopper ; (2) a flying-fish; (3)

panzi ya nazi, the thin brown rind
of the kernel of the cocoanut
(Str.). Cf. panda, v.)
.
Pao, n. (ma-), (1) long thin pole
used in making the roof of a

Papa, v. A. (1) tremble,

palpitate,flutter, e.g. of the heart,
and so (a) be agitated, doubtful,
anxious. Papa roho, have a
throbbing of the heart, e. g. after
running, or a fright. (Cf. papatika,
and syn. puma, pigapiga, tekineka.)
B. allow exudation, be porous, let
through (a liquid). (In Z. chuja,
vuja are usual.)

nonsense,
chatter
foolishly
(unintelligibly). Cs. papayu-sha,
-skwa. (A Rd. form of payuka,
which see.)
Papi, n. plur. of upapi (which
see).

Papia, v. eat voraciously, greedily,

without regarding or waiting for
Papa, n. (), a shark. (Sac. others. (Cf. syn. kula kwa pupa, and
gives twenty names of different pupa
varieties. Though common in the
surrounding waters, large sharks
very rarely visit the roadstead of
Z. Dried shark, papa kavu, is a
favourite relish, and largely
imported from the north.)
Papa, adv. Used to strengthen
hapa (which see), to which it is
prefixed. Thus papa hapa, just
here, at this very place, at this
very time, now, on the spot. (Cf.
mumu humu, kuku huku, and pa-.)
Fapai, n. (ma-), a papaw, fruit
of the papaw tree, mpapai, one
of the commonest fruits of Z.
Papasa, v. (1) stroke with the
hand, touch gently, rub lightly; (2)
grope about, feel about, feel ones
way in the dark with hands spread
out.
Ps. papaswa.
Nt .papasika.
Ap. papas-ia, -iwa. Cs.
papas-is ha, -ishwa. Rp. papas ana.
Papasi, n. (ma-), a kind of tick.
(Cf. kupe.)

Papatika, v. flutter, move convulsively, flap the wings wildly, e.

g. of a fowl. (Cf. papa, v.)
Papatua, v. remove the husk or
shell (of a vegetable or fruit), e. g.
papatua maganda ya mbaazi, shell
beans. Nt. papatuka. (Cf. ambua,pua, menya,fua.)

Papayuka, v. be delirious, talk

PAKO

from which papia seems formed,

pupia.)

301
?

Papo, adv. related to papa, adv.

(which see), as mumo to tnumu, kuko
to kuku,with hapo following, i.e.
papo hapo, also papo kwa papo, in
that place or time referred to,
there, then. '

PAMBANA

be grating, graze, grate, grind

coarsely; (2) fig. be harsh (to), be
unfeeling
(towards).
Paruza
kiberiti, strike a match. Ps.
pantzwa.
Ap. paruz-ia, -iwa.
Rp.paruzana, e.g. of boats scraping
against each other. (Cf. paa, para,
v. and paraga.)

Paruparu,
adv.
roughly,
Papo, n. (ma-), a throb, flutter, coarsely, used of rough, untidy
palpitation, e. g. of the heart,papo work, wanting care and finish.
la moyo. (Cf. papa, v. and papatiko. ) (Cf. pantza, mparuzo, and buruga.)
Papua, Papura, v. tear, claw,
scratch, lacerate, rend in pieces,
e.g. of wild beasts, birds of prey,
thoms, combatants. Paptira uso
kwa ma- kuiha, scratch the face
with the nails. Also fig. of
quarrels, abuse, &c. Ps. papuriwa.
Nt. papurika. Ap. papur-ia, -iwa,
whence papuri- ana. Cs. papurisha, -ishwa.

Papuri, n. (wa-), thin cakes

flavoured with asafoetida (Str.).
* Para, v. also Paa, v. (which see),
scrape. Rd. parapara, e.g. of a
horse pawing the ground. n. (i)
(), a scraping, sliding, gliding
(cf. mparuzo); (a) (ma-), cake of
semsem (Str.); (3) baldness, a bald
patch on the head. (Cf. paa, n.)
Para la kichwa, a bald, or shaved,
head.
Parafujo, n. a screw, i.e. nail
with a spiral groove, also msoman wa parafujo.

Pasa v. concern, befit, be due

(to), behove, be a duty, be
binding, be of obligation,
including all degrees of moral
obligation. Often used in an
impersonal way, e. g.yapasa,
imepasa, it is right, it is a duty, it is
proper. Also imettipasa, it is my
duty, I am bound. Imckttpasaje?
How does it concern you? Ps.
paswa, e.g. tumepaswa kwcttda, it is
our duty to go. Ap. pasia, pasiwa,
e.g. ada zilizompasia jumbe, the
customary privileges of the chief.
Jamaa zake waliompasia, the
relations who had a claim on him.
Killa neno tililo- mpasia maiti, every
proper attention to the corpse.
Pasiwa athabu, be liable to
punishment. Cs.pas-isha, -ishwa,
e.g. pasisha huhumu, pass sentence
on, give judgement on, condemn.
Rp. pasana, be bound to each
other, be under mutual obligations, belong to each other. (Cf.
for moral obligation, bidi, juzu, wajibu, zvia, fungal)

Parana, v. swarm up a tree,

Pasha, v. Cs. of pata (which
climb hy grasping with arms and see).
legs. i. c. kwea kwa rnikono tta miguu.
(Pcrh. the idea is scrape up* a
Pasi, n. (, or ma-), an iron,
tree,and so cf. paa, para, v. and for ironing clothes. Piga pasi
pamga.)
nguo, iron clothes. (Hind.)
Paru, n. (ma-). See Palu.
pasi,
a.
money-making,
avaricious, ambitious, pushing.
Paruga, Paruza, v. (1) be rough,

(Cf. pata, pa to.)

Shoka hili halipati, this

Pasipo, verb-form (person-pfx.

of place pa-, negative sign 1si, relative of place or time -po), where
there is not,' used most frequently
in a prepositional sense,
without. Pasipo hofu, without fear,
fearless, safe. Pasipo nguo, without4
clothes. (Cf. kuliko,used as
than in comparisons, and syn.
Ar. billa.)

Nikapata kijana wa miaka

miwili, I became a child

Paai
wo,
verb-form,
negat.subjunct. of wa, v., be,
agreeing with I) 7, i. e. may there
not be, that there may not be,
without there being.
Pasua, v. cleave, split, tear, rend,
burst, blow into pieces, saw in
two, make a cut in. Ps. pasu/iwa.
Nt. pasuka. Ap. pasu-lia, -liwa. (Cf.

kata, rarua, chcnga, thanja, ttma.)

Pata, v. The general meaning is *

get, with a wide range of application to persons and things. Thus
(i)get, obtain, find, catch, get hold
of, seize, secure, attain; (2) get to
be, get at, get to, reach, find
means to effect a purpose,
succeed in doing;
( 3 ) happen to, come upon ;
(4) be the victim of,
suffer, experience. E. g.
p. malt, get rich ; p.faida,
get profit; /. hasara,
suffer loss; pata nguvu,
get strong ; p. homa, get
fever,thus
nimepata
homa, I have got fever,
or homa imenipata, fever
has seized me, or
nimepatwa na homa, I am
seized with fever. P.
inchi, reach a country,
arrive at land. Jiwe
likampata
mtoto,
the
stone hit the child. Kisti
chapata, the knife cuts.

axe

does

*not

cut.

of two years old. Of

time, hawaknpata mwezi

mmoja,
ilia
walisikia
Sultani amefariki, they

did not pass a month

before they heard the
Sultan was dead. Haukupata mwaka, before a
year passed. Sometimes
kupata is used absolutely
as
a
kind
of
conjunction.
Kupata
njiani
mwenzetu
akakamatwa na simba, as

it happened, on the way

our companion was
seized by a lion. Pata is
specially common in
connexion with another
verb, in a semiauxiliary
sense, like kwisha, the
other verb sometimes
following without the
Infinitive prefix, e. g.
paka kujua, or merely
pata
jua,
get
to
know,find
out.
Nimepata kufanya, I have
succeeded in doing it, I
have done it. And in the
Subjunctive, it often has
the force of a final conjunction, in order to, so
as to, to get to, so that.
Akaenda apate kuona, and
he went in order to see.
Ps. patwa, e. g. be got,
be seized, be a victim,
suffer, esp. of a
calamity, illness, &c. E.
g. patwa na homa, be
attacked by fever; patwa
na hasira, be seized with
fury; patwa na msiba, be
the
victim
of
a
misfortune. Also used
of an eclipse, mzvezi
umepatwa, the moon is
got hold of, i. e.

PAKO

301

eclipsed. Nt. patika, e. g.

(1) be got; (2) be
getable, be to be had, be
procurable,
be
obtainable, but this is
commonly
patikana.
Patika kosani, be caught
in a fault. K\>.pat-ia,
-iwa, e. g. get for (by,
with, in, &c.),also
often, get up to, overtake, attain to. Hence
several
further
derivatives,with
specialized meanings,
patil-ia, -iwa, e. g.
patilia hasira, get angry
with; patil-iza, -izwa,
without a noun, cause to
get,usually of some
unpleasant
consequence, i. e. visit
something upon, take
vengeance
on,
remember
something
against, punish. Muungu

PAMBANA

Also Cs. patan-isha,

ishwa,
reconcile,
arrange terms between,
make peace among. (Cf.
-pasi, pato, upatilizo.)

Pata, n., or Patta, a hinge.

(Probably a foreign word, cf.
bazvaba.)

Patasi, n. (), a chisel. (Cf.

juba, chembeu.)

*Pati, n. name of a kind of

coloured cloth.
Patiliza, v. Cs. See Pata.
Pato, n. (;ma-), (1) something
got, an acquisition ; usu. in plur.
mafato, gains, receipts, profits,
income,revenue (cf. pata, v.) ; (2)
a
large
flat
gong
of
metal,commonly brass. (Ci.upato.)
Paua, v. used of preparing the
roof of a native hut, viz. fixing the

alimpatilizia Farao maovu cross-sticks (pao) to which the

yake,
God
visited thatch is fastened. Paua nyumba,
Pharaoh
for
his
a house. Ps. pauliwa. Nt.
iniquities. And a further roof
Ap. pau-lia, -liwa, e. g. ufito
Rp. pati- lizana, of angry pattka.
kupaulia ttyumba, a stick
recrimination,
each wa
for roofing. (Cf. pao,
trying
to
inflict suitable
upao, and paa, a roof.)

something on the other.

Cs. pasha (or patisha),
cause to get, cause to
have, &c. Pasha moto,
make warm, heat. Pasha
fetha, give (lend) money
to. Baridi imekupasha
homa, cold has given
you fever. Ntampasha
habari, I will inform him
(cause him to have the
news). Rp. patana, get
each other,commonly
used as * come to
terms, strike a bargain,
agree, be reconciled,
work
harmoniously,
harmonize, correspond.
(Cf. mapa- tano, and syn.
lingana,

suluhi,

P&um n. a pound,weight or
value. (From the English *
pound.)
Pawa, n. plur. of upawa, ladle.
Dim. kipawa (which, however,
also means present, a thing
given, but not in Z.).
Payo, n. (wa-), foolish talk,
chatter,
nonsense,
gossip,
blabbing; also of wandering of the
mind, delirium. Mwenyipayo, a
talkative, gossiping person. Ana
payo, he is always talking, lets out
secrets, does not control his
tongue. So senta mapayo, talk idly,
mischievously, &c. (Cf. payuka,

ajiki.) papayuka, tnpayo.)

Payuka, v. talk foolishly (idly,

indiscreetly, unintelligibly, &c.),
talk nonsense, blurt out secrets,
blab, be delirious. Cs. payu-sha,shwa,e.g. tembo limempausha, palmwine has loosed his tongue. Honta
tnattt- pan.ha, fever makes him
delirious. (Cf. prec.)

rapidly twirling a pointed stick

( i upckecho) in a hole in another
stick; (3) fig. excite bad feeling,
bore, exasperate, e. g. by abuse,
noise, or sorcery, &c.; and (4)
make a mess of, spoil, e.g.
pekecha* kazi, bungle a job (Of.
borttga, chafua, fujo). (Cf. upekecho.
Sometimes peka is heard for
Pazia, n. (wa-), a curtain, pekecha, and upeko.)
screen (of calico, &c.), awning.
(Cf. chandalua.)
Pekee, n. (in Z. usually upweke,
upekee), being single, singular,
Pea, v. become fully grown, be alone, lonely, isolated, unique,
completely developed, attain to different from everything else.
the highest point (limit, acme of Mtu wa pekee, a solitary man.
perfection). Tutazame hatta tende Mwenda pekee, a solitary (and so)
zitaka- popea, let us watch till the dangerous animal. (Cf. peke,
dates are fully ripe. (In Z. the Nt. upweke. Pekee peril, represents
form pevuka is commonly used, or peke yake.)
the syn. sitaivi. Cf. upeo, kico,
pevu.')
Peketeka, v. be arrogant, be
scornful, be high and mighty. Ap.
Poke, a word used in /. only peketek-ea, -civa, treat with scorn,
with a possessive adjective be insulting (or, contemptuous) to.
following, of the form agreeing (Ioss. fig. from pekecha, peketa, be
with I) 6 (S), and attaching to an stirred up, inflated, conceited. Cf.
object, state, or action, the follg.)
attribute of singleness, loneliness,
uniqueness. E. g. t/timi poke yattgu, I
-pokotovu,
a.
scornful,
alone, I only, I by myself. Ngtto hii provoking, making discord. (Cf.
ns poke yoke, this calico is the only prec. and pekecha.)
one of the kind.
Pekua, v. (1) scratch up,
Wakaa peke yako, you live alone. scratch about, e.g. like a hen; (2)
So peke yetn (yettit, yao). -a peke fig. be curious, inquisitive,
yake, or -apekee, single, alone, prying. Ps. pekultwa. Nt. pekulika.
unique, sui generis. Mtu wa peke Ap. pekulia, c. g. hunt for, pry into.
yake, a unique individual, one who (Cf. follg. and upekuzi.)
has no rival. Jambo la peke yake, an
extraordinary,
unprecedented -pekuzi, a. curious, inquisitive,
circumstance. (Cf. pekee, stpwcke, prying. (Cf. prcc. and dadisi.
and ukiwa.)
Pekecha, v. produce, or affect,
by turning something with the
hands, and so (i) bore a hole, drill,
i.e. pekecha tundu,with a pointed
knife, drill, &c. (cf. zna, tumbua,
toboa); (2) produce fire, i.e.
pekecha tnoto, e.g. wakapekecha
tnoto wakawasha, they used the
firesticks, and lighted a fire, by

jection, angle, corner. (4) various

articles of horn, esp. powderPELE
308flask, tukamvtdia
PENDA
pembe tukampa,
)Pele, n. plur. of upele (which we took off his powder-horn, and
gave it to him. Pembeni, ;n a
see), sores.
corner, -a pembe, -enyi pembe,
Peleka,
v.
sometimes pembepembe, with many angles
peeka,peka, cause to go, send, take, (comers, projections). rembe za
convey, conduct, transmit, move, inchi, the uttermost parts of the
&c., both of persons and things. land, quarters of the globe. Pembe
Dist. tuma, employ, use, send, za mwaka, the seasons of the year.
which is limited (in the simple (Cf. mwaka.)
form) to the use of personal
Pembea, v. swing, sway, rock,
service, though tumia is used of an
instrument. Thus nta- tuma mtu balance, oscillate. Cs. pembe-za,
-zwa, set swinging, rock to and
kupeleka mzigo kwako,
fro. (Cf. ning'inia, wayawaya,
I will employ a man to convey the yumba- yttmbal) n. swing, seeload to your house. Ntapeleka mtu saw; a European balance.
na mzigo, I will send a man with Fungapembea, put up a swing. Kiti
the load. Baniani amepeleka mali cha pembea, a rocking-chair.
kwa kutu?na watu wawili, the
Pembo, n. plur. of upembo
Banian has sent the money by
employing two men. Peleka mkono, (which see). (Cf. pemba, v.)
move the hand in a given
Penda, v. like, love, choose,
direction, apply the hand, set to
work. Ps. pelekwa. Ap. pelek-ea, wish, will. Ps .pendwa. Nt.pendeka,
-ewa, e.g. send to (for, by, in, e. g. be loved, be lovable, be
&q.). Hence pelekeana. Rp. popular. Cs. pendekeza, cause to
peleka7ia, e. g. accompany each be loved, excite affection for.
make
oneself
other, all go together.
(Cf. Jipendekeza,
pleasant, ingratiate oneself. Ap.
mpelekwa,
pendea, e. g. love for (on account
of, with, in, &c.), whence pendewa,
and tumai)
pendewa uzuri, be loved for
Peleleza,
v.
spy
out, e.g.
and pendelea, have a
reconnoitre, secretly examine, pry beauty,
liking (predilection, bias,
into, be curious (or, inquisitive) special
for, be partial to,
about. Peleleza inchi, spy out a propensity)
with Ps. pendelewa. Also
country. Pel. siri, pry into secrets. favour,
, pendel-eza, -ezwa, cause
Ps. pelelezwa. Ap. pelelez-ea, -ewa. pendeleka
favour, commend to favour,
(Cf. mpele- to
prepossess in favour (of),
recommend, with further deriv.
lezi, and syn. chungulia, tazamia, pendelez-ea, -ewa, -eka. Cs. pendeza,
pekua, dadisi.)
please, be pleasing (popular,
Pemba, n. an island near attractive, amiable, &c.), cause to
Zanzibar, famous for its cloves. like
(love,
prefer).
Hence
(Wapemba, pendezwa, pendezea, e. g. please
with (for, in, &c.), and pendezewa,
the people of Pemba. Kipemba, the be pleased with (something), be
dialect of Pemba.)
pleased. Also pe- ndeze-sha, -shwa,
e. g. cause to please, make
Pemba, v. (i) grasp with a popular, &c. Also pendezana, be
hook, grapple, hook down, e.g. of mutually agreeable, andpendezanisha, -ishwa. Ap. pendana, love each
other, whence pendan-isha, -ishwa,
cause to be friends, reconcile,
(Cf.,
among
other
derivatives,pendo,

fruit, pemba embe, get mangoes

down with a hook; (2) fig. take by
a device, outwit, entrap, catch.
(Cf. upe- mbo.)
Pembe, n. (), (1) horn, of an
animal,also
the
substance
generally. Pembe ya nyoka, snakes
horn, a small white one,
considered a' valuable medicine
(Str.).
(2) tusk of
an elephant, also ivory generally
(cf. kalasha, buri, for tusks of
different sizes,buri, the larger),
(3) a pro

ttpendo, penzi, upenzi, upettdezi, upcndeleo, upendatto, -penzi, -pettda,

PELE &c., and 308
PENDA
-/<r- ndwa, -pendelefu,
as
petty-esha, eshwa, -esa, -ezzva,
syn.
mVz, azirnu, kusudia, elekea, cause to go into, force into,

insinuate, introduce (by stealth,

force, stratagem, &c.). Hence,
of slipping money into the hand
of another, putting an idea into
the mind of another, and so of
bribery, undue influence, &c.
Hence penyez-ea, -ewa. (Cf. ki-penda, a. lovingwith n. penya, mpenyezi, and follg., and
follow - ing, e. g. mtoto tnpenda syn. ittgia.)
sukali. a child who likes sugar.
Penyenye, n. (), way
{Qi. penda, v.)
(means) of getting in, access,
-pendefu, -pendelefu, a. kind, hole, secret plan. (Cf. mlango,
loving, inclined to favour, sympa- tundu, and penya, v.)
thetic. (Cf. penda.)
Penyewe, a. form of
(which
Pendo, n. (, and tna-), love, -enyowe
liking. Also plur. of upettdo. (Cf. see,andpa-),agreeing with D 7.
pettda, upettdo, penzi.)
Penyi, a. form of -enyi,
Pengee, n. (), (i) by-path, possessing, with, having,
roundabout way, and (2) fig. agreeing with D 7 (rnahali) and
dodge, device, wile. (Cf. kipengee.) locatives in -ni. Also used as a
prep, of place, at, iu, near, e.g.
Pengi, a. form of -ittgi, pettyi mtende, at the date- tree,
agreeing with D 7 (rnahali) and and with a noun to express a
locatives in -ni (i.e. Pa-ittgi), many. single idea, e.g.penyirniti, a
wooded place, a forest, thicket,
Pengo, n. (, and ttta-), {1) pettyi ku- chitnba mawe, a quarry.
gap, notch, hole, vacant space;
(2) fig. defect, flaw. E. g. of a gap
Penzi, n. (wa-), (1) love,
between teeth, i. e. tnwattya wa liking, pleasure, wish, will; (2)
tnetio. Ana Pengo, he has lost a that which is loved, liked, &c.
tooth. Iluwittda pazitna Hit kupatia Mapenzi, wishes, will, resolve.
pengo, he hunts for a sound part (Cf. upettzi, penda, &c.)
in order to introduce a blemish in
Pepa, v. reel, stagger, totter,
it.
e.
g.
from
weakness,
Penu, a. form of -enu, your drunkenness, &c. (Cf. levya, sita,
(plur.), agreeing with D 7 (rnahali) kongoja, and perh. pepea.)
and locatives in -ni.
Pepe, n. (tna-), empty husk
Penu, n. (1) plur. of ufettu (cf. of grain, empty (barren) car.
kipetiu). Also (2) aperture of (Cf. tele, chernbe.)
urinal duct (Kr.). (Cf. follg.)
Pepoa, v. make a current of
Penya, v. penetrate, make a air, fan, wave (like a fan), wave
way into, get inside, enter, pass about in the air. E. g. xvajakazi
into. like ittgia, but implying wamfuata
jutttle
zuatttpegea,
more
effort,
or
purpose,
difficulties in the w'ay. Attteingia
&c. There seems no clear
differentiation
of
meaning
between many of the derivatives
of pettda,the natural resources
of the language being in advance
of the power to utilize them.)

mlattgoni Inva kttpettya, hakufafa

nafasi, he got into the door by

forcing his way, as there was not

female slaves lollow the chief

fanning him. JVpea maittzi Snltani,
keep the flics off the Sultan with
fans. bendcra, wave a flag about.
P. vitambaa. flourish handkerchief!.
P. ntoto Jinca kipe/eo, blow up a fire
witli a Ian. ls. pepexva, e.g. be
fanned, wafted about, See. Ap.
/efe-lea, -lexva, e.g. kupepelea
rnwana rcali, upate kt/poa, fan the
childs rice for him, to make it
cool.

PELE

308

PENDA

pepet-ea, -ewa. (Cf. chunga, upepo,

(Cf. upepo, pepesa, and perh. pepa, pepea.) .
Pepeta, n. (). P. za mpunga,
also follg.)

Pepeo, n.
pun

large

grains of rice heated, and thert

fan, pounded.

Pepetua, v. break open (Str.).

kah. Also to describe a (Cf. popotoa, perh. a variant.)
winnowing machine, vane on a
Pepo, n. has the meaning of
tower, &c. (Cf. follg. and pepea,
both (i) wind, and (2) spirit. (1)
kipepeo, upepeo.)
(), wind. In this meaning pepo is
Peperuka, v. be carried by a used (a) as plur. of upepo, a wind
current of air, blown away, (which see), and (b) as a sing,
wafted, fly off, soar up. E.g. nguo noun meaning much wind, a high
itapeperuka kiua pepo, the dress will (strong, violent) wind. Pepo za
be carried away by the wind. Qs. chamchela, a whirlwind. Maji ya
peperu-sha, -shwa, blow away. pepo, rain water, fresh water. See
(Apparently, like pepesuka, one of Maji. Pepo nyingi,
the very few compound Bantu
words in Swahili, from upepo, high winds, so pepo ya nguvu. (For
wind, and ruka, fly. Cf. pepea, chief winds see Kusi, Kaskazi,
Matlai.) (2) (), (a) a spirit, and
pepesuka.)
esp. an evil spirit, i. e. pepo mbaya,
Pepesa, v. and Pepeza, wink, or shetani. Pagawa nap., be
the eye,perh. really a Cs. form possessed by a spirit. Pungap.,
oi pepea, i. e. clear, fan the eye by exorcize, expel a spirit, by native
moving the eyelids, described as methods,
i.
e.
dancing,
ukope wa juu na chini, eyelid up and ceremonies, &c. Mwenyi p., a
down. Hence also, keep the eye possessed person. Pepo yule ataclear (or, steady) in takingaim, panda, that spirit will come forth,
i. e.pepesajichokushika shebaha. (Cf. from a person possessed. (For
hopes a, ukope,pepea.)
various names of kinds of spirits
cf. jini, shetani, milhoi, kinyamkela,
Pepesuka, v. be shaken in the kilima, dungamaro, mahoka, koikoi,
air, wind-tossed, caused to kitimiri, kizuu, kizuka, kizimwe,
flyaway, caused to wave about, mwana maua.) (b) the region of
shake, totter. (Perh. from upepo, spirits, spirit world, unseen world,
wind, and suka, wave, like place of departed spirits, paradise.
peperuka (which see).)
P.ya kesho, the world to come, the
life beyond the grave. P. ya leo,
Pepeta, v. winnow, sift, this worlds rest (such as it is),
separate husks, chaff, &c. from pepo not properly applying to it.
grain by shaking and tossing in Peponi, paradise, in paradise, at
the air with a flat basket. E. g. rest (cf. ra- haniybaridini). Kama
pepeta mchele, wishwa zitoke, sift ameingiape- Poni, (a man) as happy
rice to get out the husks. Ps as if in paradise. (c) spirit,
.pepetwa.
Nt .pepeteka. Ap. essence, strength, life, e.g. of a
mild tobacco, tuinbako hii ime- kufa

pepo, this tobacco has lost its

strength.
(Cf. upepo, pepea.)
Pepua, v. sift, winnow,like pepea
(which see).
Pera, n. (ma ), guava, fruit of the tree

mpera.

Perema, n. a disease producing a

swelling of the whole cheek (? mumps,
cf. kichubwichubwi).
*Pesa, n. (, and ma-), (1) a pice, the
Indian quarter anna, or 3-pie piece, a
farthing. The two plurals differ a little in
use, like pence (pesa) and pennies
(mapesa). Though the rupia is equal to
16 annas, i. e. 64 pice, the actual number
of pice obtainable for a rupee Varies
with the exchange from 64 to 70. (2)
money, in general, where small sums
are alluded to (otherwise commonly
fetha, silver). Hana pesa, he is a poor
man. Pesa hapana, I have no money.
Robo pesa, a pie, i.e. one- third of a
pice. (For other coin

PESI
scf. rupia, reale, robo, the muni,

robo pesa.)

Pesi, n. (ma-), also Pezi

(which see).
'
-pesi, a. quick, light. See
-epesi.

311

PIGA

Petu, a. form of -etu, our,

ours, agreeing with D 7
(ntahali), and locatives in -ni.
(Cf. etu, pa-.)
Petua, v. turn round, torn over
(bottom upwards, upside down),
upset, capsize, e.g. petua ehombo,
tum a vessel over. Ps.petuliwa.
Nt. petuka. Ap.petu-iia,-liwa. Cs.
petu-sha, -shwa, petuza. (Cf. peta,
and syn. pindua, geuza.)

Peta, v. bend round, bend,

bow, curve, fold over, wrap up,
make like a ring. P. ufito, bend a
switch into a bow. P. mguu, bend
the leg. P. soruali, turn up the
a. (pevu with D 4 (P), D
trousers. P. nguo, roll up clothes. 5 -pevu,
(S), D 6), full-grown, ripe,
P. uso, put on an angry look, adult,of plant or animal growth.
bend the brows. Ps. petwa. Nt A/wili mpevu, sound, healthy, well.peteka. Ap.pet-ea,
developed body. Tende pevu, ripe
ewa. Cs. pet-esha, -eshwa, e. g. dates. (Cf. pea, pevua, and syn.
bend round, make into a ring.
Rp. petana, e.g. be bent round, -zima, -bivu.)
Pevua, v. (1) develop fully,
be bowed, form a ring (a circle,
a hoop). (Cf. pete, petemana, feto, ripen, bring to perfection, hasten
kipeto, and syn. kunja, pitida. the maturity of. Hence (2) overDist. peta sometimes used for stimulate, excite unduly, pervert,
teach bad ways to, corrupt.
pepeta (which see).)
Jipevua, make a man of oneself,
Pete, n. (, and for large size behave like a grown-up person or
ma-), a ring, hoop, staple, circle. big man, swagger, be conceited,
Kama pete na kidole, like ring and brag. Nt. pevuka. Cs. pevu-sha,
finger,of close contact and -shwa, intens., as pevua. (Cf. pea,
attachment. Pete ya sikio, ear- -pevu, and syn. kotnaa,
ring. Dim. kipete. (Cf. dtiara,
-iva.)
mviringo, and follg.)
Pewa, v. Ps. of -/a, give, i.e. be
Petemana, v. be bent round,
form a ring, be made into a given, be the recipient, have a
hoop, or circle. Cs. petamanisha, thing given to one, be presented
make into a hoop (circle), bend with, receive. See Pa.
round, give a curve to. E. g.
Pezi, n. (ma-), also Pesi, fin,
petamanisha jimbo hatta kugotana
neha take, bend a stick till its of a fish.
ends knock together. (For the
-pi, in combination with pers.form
cf.
-mana,
shikapfx. forms an interrog. adj., who?
mana,/ungamana, andamana '.)
w'hich? what ? e. g. mtuyupil
Peto, n. (, and of large size which person ? mti upit which
ma-), a bag, matting-sack, c. g. tree? kitu kipi? which thing ? &c.
used for carrying stones and Also (1) subjoined to verbs, with
sand. (Cf. kipeto, peta, and for the meaning how ? in what
way ? e. g. utawezapi, how shall 1
different kinds ktkapo.)
be able? And (2) contracted for

wapi, e.g. keudapi, where (are you)

going? i.e. unakwenda wapil (Cf.
wapi, ttgapi.)

Pia, a. and adv., all, the whole,

complete, quite, altogether. Often
with -ote, giving it emphasis, e.g.
watu wotepia, all the people
without exception. Ntakupa pia
yote, I will give you the whole lot.
As an adv. often in rejoinders (1)
all of it, that
too, that as well; (2) exactly so,
just so. Nitwae hizil Fia, Am I to
take these? Yes, all of them, or,
those as well. (Cf. -ote, killa.)
Pia, n. (), (1) a top, i.e.. the*
toy, a child's plaything, a
hummingtop, a whippirig-top; (2) pia ya
mguu, the knee-cap.
Piga, v. strike, beat, hit, give a

PESI

311

blow. This is the common definite

meaning of piga. But piga in the
simple act. form has also an indefinite use, which is at once one
of the commonest and most
characteristic features of the
Swahili language, and also
difficult to describe. It is used
with a great number and variety
of nouns to express the act,
action, or effect, which the noun
itself most naturally suggests;
and even when another verb
exists conveying this meaning,
piga
is
nevertheless
often
substituted for it with a peculiar
significance and flavour of its
own. This is no doubt connected
with the original idea of striking,
but striking in different
aspects,sometimes suggesting
its mode, i. e. the suddenness,
forcibleness, effectiveness of a
stroke, and sometimes the effect
on the mind or senses, of what is
striking, sensational, moving. It
is impossible to enumerate all the
nouns with which piga is
commonly, or may be, used, or
the most appropriate renderings,
depending (as they would do)
largely on the context in each
case, and a knowledge of the
alternative verbs for which piga
is in any particular instance
purposely substituted. A few
common cases can be given. Piga
often describes (i) the proper use
of a tool (in place of simple tumia,
endesha, &c;), e. g. p. bomba, work
a pump, p. randa, plane (wood), p.
pasi, iron (clothes), /. kinanda, play
an organ, p. bunduki, fire a gun, /.
kengele, ring a bell, /. chapa, print
(a book), p. knra, cast lots, /. bad,
take omens. (2) construction,
execution, giving form to
something, e. g. p.fundo, tie a
knot,/, kilemba, wear a turban, /.
mbinda (uwinda), adjust the
loincloth, p. msiari, draw a line, 'p.
bandi, hem. (3) of a sudden,
forcible action, e. g. p. mbio, run,
p. kilele, shout, p. kofi, give a box
on the ear, p. miayo, yawn, /. mbizi,
dive, p. teke, kick, /. pembe, butt,

PIGA

p. mdorno, bite (of a serpent), p.

misonyo, whistle, p. mikambe,

lash out with the leg (when

bathing), p. hodi, ask admittance.
(4) of producing a showy,
sensational effect, /. makuu, play
the
grandee,
p.
ubwana,
domineer, tyrannize,/, umalidadi, wear finery, and simply /.
nguo, show off clothes, /. kiburi,
show conceit, /. pua, turn up
ones nose, carry ones head
high,/, umeme, lighten (of
lightning), /. moyo konde, take
courage,/, domo, brag. Other
examples
are
/.
mikono,
gesticulate. P. mabawa, flap the
wings. P. fatiha, perform a
religious ceremony. P. goti,
kneel. P. moto, set fire to. P.
uvivu, waste time by idling. P.
mafungu, divide into parts. P.
marafuku, publicly forbid. P.
shauri, take formal counsel. P.
vita, declare (wage) war. Ps.
pigwa. Nt. pigika. Ap. pig-ia, -iwa,
e. g. strike for (with, at, in, &c.).
Also pig-ilia, -iliwa, -ilika,used
of special operations, e. g.
pigilia sakafu, beat a concrete
roof,with rammers (vi- pande)
till hard, lit. beat away at. Cs.
pig-isha, -ishwa, e. g. cause to
beat about, flap, wave, e.g.
pigisha tanga, let the sail flap,
pigisha kiapo, administer an oath,
pigisha nguo na upepo, air clothes.
Also, pigisha chombo, make a
vessel pitch, rock, toss. Pigisha
inaji, stir up water,with intens.
force. Rp. pigana, e. g. hit each
other, fight. Hence pigan-isha,
-ishwa, cause to fight, set
fighting, or, fight hard. Also
piganika, piganiwa, i. e. be fought
for (about, with, in-, &c.). (Cf.
mpiga, mpigo, pigo, mapigano,
mpiganisho, and follg.)
Pigano, n. inia-'), fighting,
battle, skirmish, beating each
other. (Cf. prec. and bishano,

wVa, shindano.)
Pigi-pigi, n. (), also Pikipiki, a stick used for knocking
down fruit off a tree. Dim. kipigi.
(Cf. for various kinds of stick
bakora.)

Pigo, n. (ff/a-), (1) blow,

stroke,

PESI
beat, e. g. akawafundisha mapigo ya
ngoma, and he taught the proper
beats of the drum. (2) calamity,
plague. (Cf. piga, rnpigo, &c.)
Pika, v. cook, prepare by the
use of fire, dress (food), boil
(water). Ps. pikwa. Nt. pikika. Ap.
pik-ia, -iwa, e.g. cook for (with, in,
&c.). Pikiwa, be cooked for, have a
cook. Hence pik-ilia, -iliwa, -ilika,
e.g. nataka unipikilie uji, I want you
to make some gruel specially for
me. Cs. pik-isha, -ishwa,c. g. get
some one to cook, get something
cooked, contract for cooking. (Cl.
mpishi, upishi, t/ipiko, and ? pishi.
For ways of cooking cf. upishi.)
Pila, n. See Pira.
*Pilau, n. (), a dish of boiled
rice, cooked in the Indian way,
with ghee, raisins, &c. (Hind., and
cf. ivali.)

311

PIGA

have
cloth
measured out to one, receive a
measure of cloth. Cs. pim-isha,
-ishwa, e.g. pimisha chakula,
superintend the measuring out of
fowl. (Cf. tnpimo, kipimo, pima, and
syn. kadiri, linga, ounza,
Pi/niwa

tiguo,

The
commonest
measures of (1) length, are
shibiri, mkono, or thiraa, wari,
pima ; (2) of capacity, kibaba,
kisaga, pishi; (3) of weight,
wakia, rathi, pishi, frasila.) n. a
fathom, two yards {wari), six
feet, the stretch of a mans arms,
equal to four cubits {mkono,
thiraa), or eight spans {shibiri).
(Cf. kipimo, pima, v.)
hesabu.

Pinda, v. (1) bend, twist,

fold, bend up, strain, put a strain
on, make tense (stiff, hard) ; (2)
hem. P. ttpindi, bend a bow. P.
upindo, make a hem. /ipituia, (1)
exert oneself, (2) be convulsed,
i. e. pinda- pinda maungo (cf.
jinyongd). Ps. pindwa. Nt. pindika,
e.g. of a trap made by bending a
tree, or a bent switch acting as a
spring. Ap. pind-ia, -iwa, e.g.
bend for (with, by, &c.). Cs.
pind-isha, -ishwa. Rp. pindana,
e.g. be bent together, be stiff, be
tense, have cramp. Pindana
rnguu, have a club foot. (Cf.

Pili, n. (1) two. Mosi na pili ndio

tatu, one and two make three. -a
pili, the second, the next. -a pili
yoke, the next to it (him, her).
Marra ya pili, the second time (cf.
marra mbili, twice). Kwa pili, the
other side, over the page, la pili,
secondly, next,after kwanza,
first, in the first place. (Cf. -wili,
mbili, and for numbers hesabu,
tara- kimu, harufu.) (2) name of a pindna, pindamana, upindi, upindo,
upindani, pindi, pindo, pindu, and
snake.
syn. kunja, nyonga, peta, songa.)
Pilipili n. (), pepper, seeds
and pods of the plant mpilipili.
Pilipili manga, common black
(Arab) pepper. Pilipili hoho, red
pepper, capsicum,-grown in
Zanzibar. (Cf. hx.Jilfil, and Hind.)

Pinda, n. (, and ma-), an

animal that has died a natural
death, a carcass. (Cf. kipinda, and
dist. mzoga, a dead body (of any
kind), maiti, usually of a human
body dead, mwili, of a body,
Pima, v. measure, weigh. P. alive or dead.)
unfit, measure the length. P.
Pindamana, v. be bent
mchele, weigh rice. Pima tnaji, take
soundings. Ps. pimwa. Nt. pimika. together, curved, contracted,
twisted,
gnarled,
Ap. pitn-ia, -iwa, c. g. pishi ya ku- tense,
&c. (Cf.^pinda,
pimia, a measure to measure with. convulsed,

pimlana, and syn. kunjamana,

p<te- mana, kazana, shupana.)

pindani,
a.
obstinate,
unyielding, stiff. (Cf. pinda, and
upindani, and syn. -gumu, -kaidi.)
Pindi, n. (, and ma-), a bend,
twist, turn, curve, winding, fold,
coil, ring; (2) a space or division
of time, a time (of something),
hour (in a general sense). E.g.
pindi za assubuhi, morning hours.
Pindi ya chakula, meal time. Pindi
za mchana, times (divisions) of the
day. IVajua pindi atakapokuja, Do
you know th

time when he will arrive? Pindiya

mua, a ring on a sugar-cane.
Nyoka yapiga mapindi, the snake
PINI
coils itself PINDO
up. Mapindi ya mto,314
windings of a river. Also as conj. ei. e. use the rudder to check,
when, if, supposing, although, i. shape the course of, a vessel. P.
e. at the time when, giving time tijia, block the road. Ps. pingwa.
for, allowing for. (Cf.pinda, v., Nt. pingika. Ap. ping-ia, -iwa,
kipindi, and for time saa, wakati, e.g. pingia mlango, close the
and for bend kanjo, kombo, tao.) door against, or, put a bar
against the door, secure the
Pindo, n. (via-), also Upindo door. Cs. pingi-sha, -shwa, pingi(pindo), selvedge, border of cloth za, zwa.
Rp. pingana, op
or of a garment, folded edge,
hem. (Cf. pinda, v. and prec.)
pose each other, bet against
each other. Pingana na mtu,
Pindu, n. (ma-), turning, oppose a person. (Cf. pitigamizi,
tumbling, somersault. E. g. fanya pingo, pitigu, pingua, pingani, and
{piga) pindu- pindn, turn over and the very similar kinga, and syn.
over, head over heels.
(Cf.
zuia. For betting cf. sharti, weka
pinda, v. and prec.,
sharti.)
also kichzoangomba.)
Pindua, v. turn over, give an
opposite direction to, reverse
position
of,upset,
overturn,
capsize; (2) change
(into
something quite different), turn
(into), transform. E.g. pindua
mtumbwi, overturn a canoe.
Pindua, chombo, wear ship, put a
vessel on another tack, tack. P.
vikombe, upset the cups. Ps.
pinduliwa. Akapinduliwa gogo, and
he was changed into a log. Nt.
pinduka, be upset, &c., be
changed (into), become, take a
new direction. Lili- popinduka jua
kichwani, when the sun passed
the meridian. Hence pinduk-ia,
-iwa, and pinduk-iza, -izwa, cause
to fall over (on the other side).
Ap. pindu-lia, -liwa,
-lika. Nikupindulie jabali, let me
roll you over the cliff. Cs .pindu-za,
-zwa, e.g. pinduza dau huko na huko,
turn a boat first on one side, then
on the other,to get the water out.
(Rv. form of pinda, v. (which see).)

Pinga, v. (1) cause (be, make)

an obstruction, put in the way,
obstruct, stop the way, block,
thwart,
check,
oppose,
contradict; (2) bet, lay a wager.
Jipinga, put oneself in the way,
oppose. P. mlango, fasten (close,
bar) the door. P. shikio la chombo,
pinga chombo kwa shikio,

Pingamisha, v. obstruct,
thwart, use as an obstacle or
bar,likepinga, but with intens.
force, of active, intentional
opposition.
Pingamizi, n. (tna-), that
which obstructs, person or
thing, a difficulty, obstacle,
check, stop.
(Cf. pinga,
and follgi)
-pingani, a. obstructive,
contradictory,
causing
difficulty,usually of persons.
(Cf. pinga, and prec.)
Pingili, n. (), the piece of
a cane, or similar growth,
between two rings or knots.
(Cf. kipingili, and pinga.)
Pingo, n. (tna-), barrier,
obstruction, bar, e.g. a door-bar.
(Cf. pinga, kipingo, pingu,
kipingwa, and for door-bar,
komeo, kiwi.)

Pingu, n. (, and ma-), (1) a

fetter, and plur. fetters, i. e. two
rings fastened round the leg at
the ankle, and connected by an
iron bar; (2) also, of a cord

fastened round the ankles to assist

in climbing a tree; (3) pingu ya
sikio, a round piece or ring of
wood, often ebony, worn in the
lobe of the ear by women. (C
i.jasi, kipini, also pingo, pinga.)
Pingua, v. cut in pieces, cut up,
cut in lengths, e.g. of sugar-cane.
Ps. pinguliwa. Ap. pingul-ia, -iwa.
(Cf. pingili, pinga, and for various
kinds of cutting, kata, pasua,
chenga, chanja, tema, &c.)
Pini, n. (, and of size tna-),
haft, handle,in which a tool or
instrument

is inserted. (Cf. kipitti, and for

other handles, mkono, utamboj
PINI
Pipa, n. PINDO
(wa-), cask, barrel,314
tub, butt. Dim. kipipa. (Hind.)
e. g. be passed, be passable, be
able to be surpassed, &c. Njia
Pipya, a. ineg. form of -pya, inapitika, the road is passable.
new, agreeing with D 7 {mahalt), Hencepitikana, be able to be
and locatives in -ni,for papya.
passed (surpassed). Haipitikani,
is unsurpassable. Ap. pitia,
Piahi, n. (), (1) a measure of it
e. g. (1) pass by (away
capacity for solids, i.e. grain, pitiwa,
to, &c.); (2) pass by on
&c., a dry measure, equal to 4 from,
or by accident, and so
kibaba (which see), i.e. about half purpose,
neglect, omit; (3) pass
a gallon. (2) it is also used as a slight,
the mind, be
measure
of
weight, away fromNimepiiiwa,
I have
corresponding generally to the forgotten.
forgotten,
it
has
passed from
above, about 6 lb. (3) the vessel my memory. Also
a
used as a measure of capacity. deriv. piti-lia, -liwa, -lika,further
e. g.
Kwa mizani ao kwa pishi, by weight pass right by, pass quite away
or measure, i. e. of capacity. from, be utterly forgotten by,
(Peril, connected with Cs. form wholly surpass, &c., and with
of pika, i. e. a conventional tnba/i
(which
see),
e.g.
quantity for cooking purposes. amewapitilia
rnbali, he has comCf. follg.)
pletely
outstripped
them.
Piaho, n. (wa-), cautery, mark Nimepiti- liwa, I have quite
Also pitiana, e. g. ol
made by cautery. (Cf. prec. note, forgotten.
commercial
or
social
and pika, apply fire to, &c.)
intercourse, pass to (or from)
Piawa, v. become silly, foolish, each other, be on good terms,
doting. Also as n. (ma), be in constant contact with
foolishness, dotage. (Cf. kichaa, each other, &c. Cs. pit is ha, or
more com monly /iWa, pishwa,
pumbaa.)
e. g. (1) cause to pass, guide,
Pita, v. (1) pass, go on, go by, conduct; (2) let pass, make
pass by (on, in front of, off, away, room for, allow passage to; (3)
over, beyond); (2) fig. surpass, put away (aside, off), oust,
overpass, excel, exceed, outstrip, neglect, reject, &c. Piska wakati,
be too much for. Pita njia, go spend time. Pisha tnchana
along a road. Alto wapita, the river (masika), pass away the day (the
is flowing by. Mambo yaliyopita, rainy season). A/ito haipishi, the
past events, the past. Mtu wa rivers do not allow crossing,
kupita, a passer-by, a wayfarer, a like haipitiki. Pishwa tohara, be
passing traveller. Yapita cheo, it put through the ceremony of
passes bounds, is excessive. circumcision. Also n. Mweityczi
Hence kupita cheo, used ns adv., Afuungu atakapo- pisha amri yake,
beyond
all
bounds, when Almighty God shall
extravagantly,
abnormally. ordain, lienee pishia, pishiwa,
Kupita, as conj., more than,in and pishana, pass by each other,
comparisons (cf.kuliko). Yule mrefu allow each other to pass, &c.
kupita mimi, he is taller than I. Up. pit ana, e. g. pass by each
overlap. Mila zao
Pita juu, fly through the air. Used other,
(like enda) with zangu, sako, take, hazikubitana, their customs were
&c., c. g. napita zangu, I am going distinct, aid not run into each
away. Ptteni senu (Impcrat.), go other. (Cf. pito, kipito, mbitaji,
away, pass on. Also in scmi-Cs. and syn. 'go* enda, * surpass'
sense, njia zinazopita watu, paths
which people pass along. Shamba
linalo pita maji, a garden with a

sidi.)

Pito, n. (ttta-), way (means,

&c.) of passing, a passage. Not
often heard. Dim. kipito. (Cf. pita,
and njia, kijia, kichochoro.)
Po is a form of the
demonstrative prefix pa, of place,
the 0 (a) either

PINDO

314
PINI
bofu, scum, froth, foam, a bubble.
Pofu la bahari, foam of the sea.
denoting reference or relative Fanya pofu, v., foam, froth. Hatta
distance, * there/ (b) or else pofu ipande, till scum forms on the

giving it the force of a relative surface. (Dist. follg.)

pronoun/ where/ See Pa, and cf.
ku, ko, mu, mo, -0.)
(i) as Pofu, and -pofu, a. spoiled, bereft,
a demonstrative, -po is used of lacking something,and esp. of
position in time, as well as place, lack of sight, blind, i. e. pofu wa
and also of circumstances macho. Labuda ntakuwa pofu,
generally, and commonly occurs
( a ) in the adv. hapo, papo, (b)
affixed to ndi- or the person- pfxs.,
or parts of the verb -wa, and its
equivalents, e. g. yupo, he is there
(here). Ndipo alipo, that is where
he is, &c. Alikiavapo, he was there.
Asiopo, na lake halipo, out of sight,
out of mind. (2) as a relative, with
verb-forms generally, referring (a)
to mahali understood, or (b) of
place, time, or circumstances,
where,when,as,if,supposing,
in
case. (Cf. -0, relative.) As a
separate word, po only appears in
such phrases as po pote, in
whatever place, wherever it be,
everywhere. (See Pa, and obs. -po
in -mojawapo.)
Poa, v. become cool, and so
(heat being a common symptom
of illness) improve in health,
become well, be cured. Wall
umepoa baridi, the rice has cooled.
Amepoa ugonjwa, he has recovered
from his sickness. Ap. poelea,
poelewa, e.g. cool off, cool down,
cool itself. Cs. poza,pozwa, (1)
cool, make cool; (2) cure, heal.
Mganga amenipoza marathi yangu,

the doctor has cured my sickness.

(Cf.pona, and syn. burudika. Dist.
poza (posa), cause to marry, and
pooza, be withered.)
Podo, n. (, or ma-'), quiver,
arrow-case,commonly of wood.
(Cf. ala, no.)
Pofu, n. (), also heard as

I
)

-clewa, e. g. receive for (on jehalf

of, in the place of, &c.). He* ce

pokel- eza, -ezwa, cause to accept.
Also pokelezana, e. g. ng'ombe, take
turns in guarding cattle. Cs. poktza, -sway cause to receive, gift to,
put in the hands of. Hence
pokezana,pokczanya, e. g.pok. mizigo,
cause to carry loads by turns, take
turns in carrying. (Cf. follg. and
syn. twaa, habit hi, hubali, karibisha.
For Ap. form with a limited sense
cf. amba, ambia, ona, ottea, sema,
semea.)

Fokeo,
n.
(via-),
thing
received, tradition. (Cf. pokea,
mapokeo.).

Pokonya, v. take away by

force, rob, plunder, abduct, ravish.
Ps. pokonywa. (Cf. poka, whence
perh. pokoa, and intcns. form -nya.
Cf. Cs. pony a, from pona. Syn.
nyang'anya.)

-polo,
a.
mild,
meek,
gentle,soberminded,
goodhumoured, amiable, kind,opp.
to -kali, of temper generally. ~a
upole is more common in same
sense, role is used as an adv.,
gently, softly, quietly, slowly, &c.
Often Redupl. polepole. Commonly used to sooth or encourage
after
an
accident,
shock,
misfortune, bad news, &c.,be
calm, take it quietly, dont excite
yourself, never mind (cf. upole).
The quality implied holds a high
place in native estimation, csp. as
to Furopcans, contr. uhali, and
cf. -ema, -anaua, iaratibu, hiasi.)
Poli, n. (///<?-), forest,
wilderness, uninhabited wilds.
Polini hapatta nyumba wala mtu, in a
poli there is neither house nor
inhabitant.
(Cf.pululu,
nyiha,
rnwitu.)

poise. Pomboo wazama wazuha,

porpoises
divebecome
and reappear.
shall
perhaps
blind. (Cf.
kipofu, and follg.)
Pomoka, v. variant (i) for botnoka
; (a)v. spoil,
for poromoka.
(Cf.
Pofua,
cause to fail,
bomoablight,but
, poromoka.) esp. of sight,
ruin,
blind, deprive of sight. Muungu
Pomoshar,
v. variant
forhas
boamempofua
macho
asione, (i)
God
mosha; him
(2) of
foreyes,
poromosha.
bereft
so that (Cf.
he
prec.) see. Ps. pofuliwa. Nt.
cannot
pofuka. Ap. pofu-lia, -Uwa. Cs.
Pona, v. (1)
become
safe,,
pofusha,
of
pofua.
(Cf.
pofu
escape, intens.
be variants
rescued
(saved,
kipofu,
and
?
tofua,
delivered)
; (2) get a living,
tofuka
.) preserve
subsist,
one's life, live ;
and
esp.n.(3)
getadv.,
wellperh.
(fromplur.
illPogo,
and
ness),
health,
be
of
upogo, recover
lopsidedness,
a oneconvalescent,
regain
strength.
sided, awry condition, e. g. wana
Ap
.
ponea,
pogo za nyuso zao, they have their
faces
awry.g. Kwenda
p., walk in an
ponnva, e.limping
(1) beway.
saved
by (with,
unequal,
Tazama
p.,
for,
at,
&c.);
(2)
live
beperh.
supsquint,
leer.
(Cf.
upogo,on,
and
ported
by,
depend
on
for
pogoa, and syn. mshathali, upande,
subsistence
(whether
food,
kitongOy
kikombo.)
necessaries,
or
occupation).
Unaponea
arebogoa
you,
Pogoa, v.nitti?
and What
variants
living, on
? Aliponea
sita,
pagua
lop,
prune, rnaji
cutsiku
away
he lived on
water six
Cha
branches
or leaves.
Ps. days.
pogolewa.
kuponea,
subsistence,
of
Ap.
pogo-lea,
-lewa, e.g.means
kisu cha
living.golea,
Cs. ponya
, ponywa, e.g. save,
kupoa pr'uning-knife.
(Cf.
deliver,
rescue,
cure,
restore
to
pogo, upogo, pagua, and syn.
health.fyeka.)
Uniponye wa jua, ntachenga,
kuponya wa tnvua, protect me in
thePoka,
sun, v.
and
I will
protect you
in
take
by violence,
steal
the rain.
Mind yourself!
away,
robJiponya!
(of), abduct.
IVataka
Look mke
out! wangu,
(cf. jihathari
simillah).
poka
they , want
to
Also off
a my
further
Cs. pokwa,
pony-esha,
carry
wife. Ps.
e. g.
-eshwa, ponytka
, e.
haiponycki
nimepokwa
upanga
, 1g.have
been
habisa, itofismy
utterly
incurable.
(Cf.
robbed
sword.
Ap. pok-ea,
poa,poza,
andPokea).
syn. ohoa,
hijathi,,
-ewa
(but see
Rp. pokana
Itshaeachfrom
-/a, (Not
patacommon
nafuuy
rob
other (of).
salimika.)
in
Z. Cf. pokonya, nyanganya.)
Ponda, v. v.Ap. (t)
by
Pokea,
formcrush
of poka,
pounding
beating,
pound to
take
from or
some
one else,but
pieces, beat

without
any small,
idea pulverize,
of force or
usually with
wooden
pestle
and
violence,
or even
of active
seizing,
mortar
, mche).accept,
Dist.
as
in poka,(cf.
i. e. ktnu
(1) receive,
twanga,
properly
take
in the
hand used
; (2) of
takesame
in,
process applied
to cleaning
welcome,
entertain,
receive grain,
as a
i. e. removing
husks,
saga,to,
of
guest;
(3) fig. the
accept,
assent
grinding
grain
millagree
with.
E. to
g.powder
wakawa-bypokea
stones,they
pressure,
attrition.
Thus
mizigo,
took their
loads from
twangai. e.
is inused
of rice,
them,
a friendly
way,maize,
they
millet, Sic.,
ponda Ngoma
of such seeds
as
relieved
them.
za vita
pepper, curry
and waralso
zikapokewa
inchi (bisari
yote,), the
cassava, &c.were
(2) fig. crush,
take
drums
accepted
all life and spirit
away from,
(acknowledged,
attended
to),
break down,
through
the dispirit.
whole Yt.pondwa.
country.
Nt. pondeha,
e.
g.
(1)
be
crushed,
Ps.pokewa. Ap. pok-elea,

POKEO

317

Pombe, n. (), native beer,

an intoxicant made from many
kinds of grain and some fruits, e.
g. bananas, tby fermentation. In
the earlier stage of manufacture,
while sweet and unintoxicating, it
is called togwa. (Cf. togwa, tembo.)
Pomboo, n. (, and ma-), por

PONDA

hand. Cs. ponyo-sha, -skwa, t.g.

cause to fall, let slip from ones
hand, e. g. (prep.) amemponyoshea
knku chembe za mtama, she let a few
mtama nmepondekea inchi, the millet grains of millet fall out of her
is crushed down to the ground, hand for the fowl.
and also pondekeana, e. g. pf stalks
of millet crushed and bruised
Ponza, v. put in danger, risk,
against each other. Ap. pondea, e. speculate with, make a venture, do
g. amenipondea pilipili kinnni, she haphazard, be reckless. Kaponza
pounded the peppercorns for me roho yake, he just went at it, took
in a mortar.
(Cf. pondeo, his life in his hand. So jiponza.
pondo, and
(Not often in vi. Cf. hatirisha,
bahatisha. Dist. pon /eza (ponza), Cs.
twanga, saga.)
of ponya, pona.)
Pondeo, n. (ma-), a kind of
Pooza, v. become useless,
mallet used by shoemakers. (Cf.
withered, paralysed, impotent.
prec. and nmguri.)
Mwenyi ku- pooza, a cripple, an
Pondo, n. (, and ma-), a punt- impotent man. Cs. pooz-esha,
ing pole, for pushing a boat or -eshwa, e. g. of the effect of
canoe along in shallow water. Maji illness,cripple, disable. (Cf.
ya pondo hayataki tanga, shallow follg. and syn. chakaa, fifia.)
water does not require a sail.
Pooza, n. (ma-), something unPongezi, n. a congratulatory developed, withered, dried up, arrested
in growth, esp. of fruit
address, I hope you are well, e. g.
after safe return, childbirth, &c. fallen from the tree in a halfThe rejoinder is, tu salama, we are formed, with- *ered state. Dim.
kipooza.
Also
-pooza,
a.,
well. (Not usual in Z.)
undeveloped, withered. (Cf. pooza,
Pono, n. name of a fish, said to v.)
be often in a torpid state. Ana nsiPopo, n. (, and of size ma-), a
ngizi kama pono, he is as sleepy as a
bat, a large bat. (Cf. kipopo,
pono.
commonly used.)
Ponoa, v. strip off, e. g. of bark
Popoo, n. (ma-), (i) the areca
from a tree. (Cf. pogoa, pagua.) .
nut, fruit of the mpopoo. Cut in
Ponta, n. also Punta, Pointa, thin slices, it is much used for
back-stitch,in
sewing. chewing with tambuu, &c. in Z.
Pigaponta, as v., back-stitch, e. g. See Uraibu. (2) a ball of iron or
of a wristband of cuff.
lead, bullet.
pieces.

Hence pondekea, e. g.

Ponya, Ponyeka. See Pona.

Ponyoka, v. slip away, slide
out, escape,of secret, unnoticed
or unexpected movement. Mtu
aliponyoka makutini akaanguka, the
man slipped off the thatch and
fell. Bilauri ijneniponyoka mkononi,
the glass has slipped out of my

Popotoa, v. wrench, twist,

strain, distort. E. g. mlango
ukafungwa ukapopotolewa, the door
was fastened and then wrenched
open. Popotoa mkono, twist the
hand,so as to make the joints
crack. Ps. popotolewa. Nt. popotoka,
e. g. of a sprained ankle. Ap.
popoto-lea, -leiua. Cs. popoto-sha,

POKEO

317

-shwa. (Cf. potoa, of which it

seems a reduplicated form, and

pepetua, a possible variant.)
Pora, n. (ma-), a young
cockerel, not yet old enough to
crow,de-' scribed as pora la jimbi
lianzalo ku- ondokea, i. e. beginning
to grow up. (Cf. jimbi, jog00, kuku.)
Poroja, n. porridge, or anything
of similar consistency. IVali poroja,
rice cooked with too much water.
Poroja la chokaa, watery mortar.
Also as v. (poroa, or poroja), be
watery, like gruel.
Poromoka, v. (also heard as

boro- moka, boromosha, and perh.

pomoka), glide or slip down in a

mass, or with a rush (like an

avalanche, cataract, or stoneslide),be poured out, gush

PONDA

out like a flood, be discharged,

rush dowo, fall in a shower, or fit
of terror, collapse. P. mnazi, slide
down a cocoanpt tree. P. mlima,
rush down a hill. Poromoka is
used of a banana plant bending
down with its load of fruit. Ap.
poromok-ca, -ewa. Cs. poromo-sha,
-shwa, and pomosha, e. g. p. 'nazt,
shower down cocoanuts from a
tree, p. ntavi, empty the bowels.
Akalipomoshd sanduku, he let the
box come down with a rush.
Obs. also jiporomoa, roll or rush
down a slope. (Cf. follg. and
perh. bomoa, bomoka, & c.)
Poromoko, n. (rna-), (i) place
of sudden descent, precipice,
steep place, face of a cliff; (2)
snower, fall, discharge, rush, e. g.
of stones, water, &c. Maporomoko ya
mto, cataracts, rapids, waterfalls.
(Cf. prec.)
Posa, v. and perh. poza, ask in
marriage, become a suitor for,
woo, the person addressed
being the parent or relation in
the first place, e. g. yule mume
humposa baba yakc, the man
proposes to the womans father.
Ps.poswa. Nt. poseka. Ap ,pos-ea,
-ewa, e. g. malt ya kuposca, money
to arrange a marriage with, to
marry on.
Cs.
pos-esha,
-eshwa, e. g. mtu
wa kuposesha, a match-making
person. Rp. pesana, agree about a

marriage. n. (wa-, or plur. of

uposa, i. e. vitu vya uposa), marriage
settlements,
gifts,
arrangements. &c., with a view
to marriage. Sec also Poso. (Cf.
follg. and oa, oza.)
Posha, v. give rations to,
supply with daily food, serve out
supplies to. Ps. poshwa. Ap. poshea, -nva. Kp. posh-eza, ezwa. (Cf.
follg. and perh. poka, i. e.
pokesha.)

marriage, marriage gifts or

settlement, wooing.
(Cf.
posa, uposo.)
Pote, a. form of -ote, all,
agreeing with D 7 (mahali), and
locatives in -wr,also used as
adv., everywhere, in all places,
and Rd. potepote, everywhere.
(See -ote, pa, and dist.pole, plur.
of upote.)
Potea, v. (1) go astray, get
lost, wander, be at fault, be
ruined, perish; (2) fig. fall
away, deteriorate, go to ruin,
become reprobate. Potea is the
common word for material and
moral loss, failure, and ruin.
Frequently used with an
objective pfx. as if a true Ap.
form (see note), kistt kimenipotea, I have lost my knife,
for nimepotewa kisu (or na kisti).
Akili zimempotea, he has lost his
senses. Kupotea ttjia ndio kujtta
ttjia, to lose your way is to
know your way. Ps. potewa, e. g.
incur the loss of, kupotexva mali,
to lose money. Ap. potelea, pot
clew a,not often used, except
in the common imprecation
potelea rnbali, go and l>e
hanged. Cs. pote-za, -swa, cause
to perish, throw away, ruin,
corrupt, spoil. Hence pote-zea,
-zezva.c. g. alimpotezea matieno,
he quite refuted (thwarted,
perverted) his statements. Also
potc- zatta. Rp. poteana, of
several objects, get scattered,
lose each other. (Cf. -potevu,
upotevu, also potoa, -potofu,
popotoa,
and upote, all
indicating a verb pota not in
use, but meaning 'be out of the
straight, be twisted, askew, set
cross-wise.)

Potoa, v. (1) put out of the

Posho, n. (, and wa-),
rations, daily supply of food, straight, make crooked (curved,
clothing, maintenance,e. g. slanting, &c.), turn aside, give a
such as is given to slaves,
soldiers, a wife. (Cf. prec. and
sarifu, risiki, nafuu.)

POKEO

twist to ; (2) fig. ruin, pervert,

spoil, corrupt. P. kazi, spoil work.
P. maneno, pervert words. Jipotoa,
behave extravagantly, ruin
oneself, e.g. by over-dressing. Ps.
poto I nva, Nt.potoka, e.g. be
crooked, twisted, spoiled,
perverted, &c.,also be wrongheaded, eccentric, cranky, perverse. A p. pot odea, Inva. Cs.
poto- sha, -shwa, intens., e.g.
amepotosh

317

PONDA

aakili za mtoto asimfuate baba, he

Pujua, v. (1) take the skin off,
has perverted the childs ideas, so remove the outside covering,
as not to follow his father. (Cf. abrade, e. g. pujua mhindi (embe), e.
potea, note, and follg. Contr. g. of a cob of maize, or the rind of
ongoa, nyoka.)
a mango, i.e. strip off with the
fingers (cf. konoa, when an
-potoe, a. {potoe with D 4 (P), instrument is used),not of the
D 5 (S), D 6), out of the straight, skin of animals. See Chuna. Also
crooked,but usu. in the fig. (2) fig. jipujua, bare oneself, cast
sense, perverted, perverse, spoilt, off shame, lead a mean, beggarly
headstrong, depraved. (Cf. potoa, life. Ps .pujuliwa. Nt. pujuka. Ap.
and follg. The final -e is prob. puju-lia, -liwa. (Cf. follg., and
passive, as in -ieule, mshinde, &c.) konoa, goboa.)

-potofu, a. {potofu with D 4 (P),

D 5 (S), D6), used generally as
-potoe, but with act. as well as
pass, force. -potofu wa mali,
prodigal, wasteful, -potofu wa akili,
wrongheaded. (Cf. potoa, potea,
&c.)

-pujufu, a. shameless, beggarly,

and in act. sense, wasteful,
prodigal. (Cf. prec.)

Pukupuku, adv. lit. in showers,

and so, in quantities, wholesale,
plentifully. Jaa pukupuku, be full to
overflowing, e. g. of'a measure
Povu, -povu, povua. See pofu, full till the grain runs over.
-pofu, pofua.
Marathi ya pukuptiku, used of a
destructive
epidemic,
killing
Poza, v. Cs. of poa, i. e. make wholesale. (Cf. follg. and pukute,
cool, cure. (Dist. posa (or poza), and syn. far afar a, furzfuri.)
ask in marriage, and pooza, be
withered, paralysed.) n. plur.

Pukusa, v. (1) cause t6

mapza, healing things, doctors
fall in showers, cause to
appliances, hospital stores. (Cf.
shower
down
in
poa, pona, and dawa.)
quantities, make shed
fruit. Hence also (2)
Pua, n. (), (1) the nose,and
throw money about,
used to describe what resembles
make liberal presents;
(or is supposed to resemble) the
(3) make a connose, e. g. apex of an arch.
gratulatory visit to,
Jlfwanzi wa pua, nostril, also hindu
with
presents,
&c.
la pua. Piga pua, snort. Serna kipua,
Pukusa is used of, e.g.
semea puani, speak through the
stripping the grains off a
nose. Ujinga huo wa kuacha kinywa
cob of maize, leaves or
kutia puani, as silly as to use the
fruit from a tree, giving
nose for the mouth. (2) steel,
money to a crowd,
tempered iron,also pua ya
destroying
lives
chuma, chuma pua. Tia pua kishoka ,
wholesale
(of
an
temper the edge of an axe. (Cf.
epidemic).
Twende
chuma.)
tumpu- kuse, let us go
and offer our congratuPua, v. shell, remove from the
lations (presents) to
pod,of beans, peas, &c. (Str.).
him. But akau- pukusa
(Cf. pura.)
mkoma mzima, he shook
all the fruit off the palm.
Pugi, n. a small kind of dove.
Ps.pukuswa. Ap. pukus-ia,

-POTOE

320

-iwa. Cs. pukusi- sha, in the sea.

-shwa. Pukusa also occurs

as a n. of D 6, a
congratulatory present,
e. g. haya pukusa zako,
mwanangu, these are
presents for you, my
child. (Cf. pukupuku, and
follg.)
Pukute, n. lit. that which is
showered down, or in a condition
resembling such. Used of rice,
when cooked so that every grain is
loose and separate, i.e. pukute ya
wali, or wali wa pukute. (Cf. follg.)

Pukutika, v. fall off in

showers, as leaves when
withered, or fruit when
ripe, also rice when
cooked so the grains are
dry, not watery. Cs.
pukuti-sha, -shwa, e.g.'p.
umande, wait, give time,
for the dew to fall. P.
mkate, crumble bread, let
fall in crumbs. P. jasho,
drop with sweat.

PUKUTIKA

Pululu, n. (ma-), wilderness,

uninhabited country, forest. (C
f.poli, rtyika, mwitu.)
Puma, v. throb, pulsate, beat,
like the pulse, heart, &c., e. g. of
an abscess, the head in illness.
(Cf. piga, papa, tetema, tutuma.)
Ptunba, n. (, and ma-), also
Bumba, lump, rolled-up piece,
clod of earth, packet. Kuwa
mapumba, to form lumps, stick
together, congeal. Dim. kipumba.
(Cf. bumba, denge.)

Pumbaa, v. be foolish, silly,

weak- minded, negligent. Pumbaa
kati, take no pains about a job, do
it carelessly, be idle. Cs. pumbaza,
befool, make a fool of, treat ns a
fool, deceive, play jokes upon.
Jipumbaza, be stupid on purpose,
pretend
to
be
a
fool.
Hencepumbazwa, and pumba- zika,
be made a fool of, be duped, e. g.
p. ujia, miss the way by carelessness. Msi aide mkapumbazike, do
Uso wake unapukutisha jasho, sweat not go playing the fool. (Perh.
conn, with ptimba, and follg., i. c.
is dropping from his face. (Cf. be lumpish, heavy.)
pukusa, fukutc. pukupuktt.)

Pumbu, n. (ma-), (1) scrotum,

Puleki, n. (), also Puliki and
Puluki, a spangle, tinsel ornament. and plur. testicles; (2) affections
of the scrotum, hernia, orchitis.
Puliza, v. (i) blow with the Koko sa (yai za) pumbu, testicles.
mouth, pnff,and with an object, (Cf. pumba, and prec.)
blow up, fill with air. P. pumzi, fill
Pumu, n. (ma-), (1) the
with breath. P. kibofu, blow up a
bladder, or a football. (Perh. conn, breathing organ, lung,esp. of a
with pu- rnuzi, puma, &c., as if living animal; (2) any affection of
ptnnuliza.) (2) let go, let out, let the lung, chest complaint, asthma.
down (or, up), lower, e. g. of a (Cf. follg., also kifua, andpa/u.)
bucket in a well, a rope, fishingPumua, v. (1) draw breath,
line, anchor, a kite, e.g. puliza
iiara, let the kite go up, ny the kite. breathe, live; (2) get breath, rest,
Vs.pulizwa. Nt.pu- lizika. Ap.puliz- find relief, have breathing time.
ia,-iwa, e.g. (1) blow into, blow up, Cs.pumuza, e. g. nimempumuza kazi,
or (2) let down to (for, in), e.g. I have caused him to rest from his
amepulizia rnshipi samaki baharini, labour. (Cf. pumu, and follg.)
he has let down his line to a fish

Pumuzi, n. (), and Pumzi,

breath, breathing, respiration.
Paaza (pandisha, vuta) /., draw in
the breath, fill the lungs. Shusha
(toa) p., empty the lungs. Kokota
p. (or, roho), draw the breath with
difficulty. (Cf. pumu, pumua, and
follg.)
Pumzika, v. and Pumuzika, get
breath, rest oneself, take a holiday,
stop working. P. uthia, have a respite from annoyance. P. kazi, rest
from work. Ap. pumzikia, e. g.
mahali pa kupumzikia, a restingplace. Cs. pumsi-sha, -shwa, e. g.
cause (invite, allow) to rest. (Cf.
pumzikia, and prec. Also syn. tulia,
burudika.)

Pumzikio,
n.
'ma-'
and
Pumziko, place (time, mode, &c.)
of resting. (Cf. prec. and tuo,
kituo.)

by little. (Cf. kidogo, kitambo, and

opp. Sana, zaidi.)
Punga, v. (i) wave, swing,
sway, move to and fro in the air,
gesticulate with, fan, use or cause
a rhythmical motion. Thus p.
upepo, put the air in motion, with a
fan, Sec., i. e. kwa kipepeo. P.
mikono,
sway
the
arms,
gracefully in walking. P. hewa,
cool oneself, air oneself, take a
change of air, like badili hewa.
Hence (2) a common special
meaning, of the whole ceremonial
of native exorcism, dancing,
drumming, incantations, &c. E. g.'
punga pepo, exorcize a spirit, and
with personal object kupunga mtu,
put a person through the
ceremony of exorcism. Ps.
pungwa. Nt. pttngika. Ap. ptmg-ia,
-iwa, e. g. pungia mkono (kitambaa,
nguo),
wave
the
hand
(handkerchief, dress) to, signal to,
&c. Cs. pung-iska, -ishwa, e. g.
uniptingishe upepo, fan me. Ntampungisha pepo, I will have her
exorcized. (Cf. suka, tikisa, pepea.)

Puna, v. scrape, scrape off,

peel, c. g. p. ganda la mti, take bark
off a tree ; p. tigosi, scrape a skin
clean, of fat, hair, &c.; p. hari,
scrape off perspiration; p. karalasi,
Pnnga, n. plur. of upunga
make an erasure,in writing. Ps.
punwa. Nt. punika. Ap. pun-ia, -iwa. (which see).
Cs ,pun-isha,-ishwa. (Cf. kwattgua,
Pungu, n. a kind of fish, also a
kornba, paa, kuna.)
bird of prey.
Punda, n. ( ) , donkey, ass.
Pungua, v. grow less, diminish,
Puttda kiongwe, a mainland (often
Nyamwezi) donkey, commonly used abate, fail, decrease, e. g. jua linafor burdens in Z., in contrast to pungua, the sun is getting less hot.
the large white Muscat donkey, Upepo umepungua, the wind has
which is much valued for riding dropped. Akili zimempungua, he is
losing his mental powers. Nt.
purposes. Punda rnilia, zebra.
punguka (which see). Cs .pungu-za,
Punde, adv. a little, just a little, -zzua, -ska, -shwa, make less,
shorten, diminish, See. E.
somewhat, within a little time, just reduce,
g. p. bei, lower the price. P. tanga,
now (then), presently, soon. E. g. reef a sail. Jipunguza, humble,
nikaona sijambo p., I felt a little depreciate oneself. (Cf. follg. and
for reduce, kata, fupisha,
better. Mrefu p., a little taller. syn.
rudisha.)
Atakuja punde hivi, he will come
-pungufu, a. \pungufu with D 4
shortly. Umejika p., you have ar(P), D 5 (S), D 6), defective,
rived lately. Punde kwa punde, little

wanting,

-POTOE

diminished,
scanty.
Mpungufu wa mali, short of money.
Mwezi mpungufu, an incomplete
month, i.e. one of 29 days. Mp. wa
ungwana, without a clear title to
freedom. n. (ma-), defect,
deficiency, something wanting,
flaw. (Cf. upungufu, and prec.)
Punguka, v. Nt. ofpungua
(which see), grow smaller, get
less, diminish, abate, fail. Ap.
punguk-ia, -iwa, e. g. anapungukiwa
mali, his resources are failing him.
(Cf. prec. and contr. zidi, ongeza.)
Punja, v. used in Z. only in the
fig. sense, cheat, swindle. Ps.
punjwa. Nt. punjika. Ap. punj-ia,
-iwa. (Kr. gives the literal sense as
pound. Cf. follg., and for syn.
cf. kopa, karamkia, danganya.)
Punje, n. (), a grain, i.e. a
single grain,of corn, maize*
Sec. Punje rnoja ya mtaina, a grain
of millet. (Cf. prec. and chembe.)
Puo, n. (), nonsense, foolish
talk, silly behaviour. (Cf. puza,
upuzi.')

Pupa, n. (), eagerness, haste,

effort, zeal, eager desire. Fanya p.
ya kwisha kazi, be eager to finish
work. P. ya kula, greediness, voracity. Kula kwa p., to eat greedily.
Mtaka yote kwa pupa hukosa yote, he
who wants everything in a hurry
loses everything. (Cf. syn. choyo,
bidii, tamaa, tadi, and perh. papiai)
Pura, v. beat, beat out,e.g. of
corn, Sec., i.e. thresh; and of
clothes, clean by beating, i. e.
wash in the native way. (Cf. pua,
v., and piga,fua.)
Puruka, v. fly off, be scared away.
Cs.puruk-usha, -ushwa, i.e. cause to
fly off, treat with contempt, slight,
make light of, be off-hand with.

320

PUKUTIKA

Purukusha maneno, talk heedlessly,

discuss superficially. P. sikio, listen
inattentively. Jipitrukusha, be

flighty, superficial, neglectful,

inattentive

.PUBUXUSHANI
(Seems connected with
follg.)

ruka,

fly off. Cf.

Purukuahani, n. negligence, superficial treatment, a hasty, careless

manner. Fanya kazi kwa puruku- ihatti,
work carelessly. (Cf. prec.)
Purura, v. rub off, strip off, e. g. of
rubbing leaves off a branch, by passing it
through the hand. (Cf. para.)
Puta,v. beat soundly, flog, thrash. Ps.
Nt. putika. (Not often heard. Cf. piga,
chapa, gonga, &c.)
putwa.

Puza, v. be silly, foolish, nonsensical,

esp. in talk,gossip, flirt. Puza kazi
(,matteno), work (talk) in a silly way.
Jipuza, play the fool, be good for
nothing. Nt. puzika, in same sense, e. g.
apuzika na waattake, he is always
fooling with women. Cs. pusisha, e. g.
amuse, entertain, make sport for (or, of).
Ap. puz-ia, -iwa. (Cf. upuzi, -puzi,
puo, and dist. puza, puzia, puziwat as
forms of pttliza (which see).)

-pwa, r. (but kupiva in certain

tenses, like other monosyllabic verbs, see
Ku- i. (d)), dry, become dry, dry up, esp.
of the ebb of the tide, c. g. ba\ari
inakupwa, the sea is ebbing, majiyapwa,
the tide is going out. Maji ya kujaa na
kupwa, flow and ebb of the tide. Ap.
pwea, pwewa, e. g. of the voice, be dry,
noarse, sauti imenipwea, nimefnvewa
sauti, I am hoarse,and of a swelling,
subside, go down. Also pwelea, pwelewa, fnvelcka, like pwea, but also esp.
in Ps. and Nt. form of ships running
aground, be high and dry, go ashore.
Hencc/tar/rt,e.g. (i) cause to dry up, (a)
run aground. Cs. pwe-sha, -shwa, c. g.
Muungu ante- pwesha maji, God has
dried up the water, caused it to go down.
Also pwesha jipu, reduce the swelling of
an abscess. (Cf. pwani, kipwa, and syn.
kauka.)

Pwaga, v. See Pwaya.

Pwani, n. and adv. (strictly

locative form from root -pwa

(which see)), shore, coast, esp.
the part affected by the tide, e. g.
Kilwa pwani yake hupwa sana, at
Kilwa the tide runs out a long
way. Hiyo pwani inchi nzuri, this
coast land is a fine country. Oga
pwani, bathe on the seashore. (Cf.
-pwa, v. and kipwa, also ufuo,
u/ttko.)

Pwaya, v. (i) also Pwaga, used

of the final cleaning givent0 r>ce>
after pounding, removal of all
husks, dust, dirt. Ps. pwayiwa.
Nt.
pwayika.
Ap. pway-ia, -iwa, e. g.
nimcpwayiwa rnchcle na waiu, I had

my rice cleaned for me.

Cs.

pway-isha, -ishwa. (Cf.

ponJa, kinu.) (2) be

twanga,

loosely
attached, move about freely, not
be well fitted or fixed, e. g. of a
ring on the finger. (Cf. lege a,
cheza.)

Pweke,n.anda.,solitariness,alo
ne. Mimi ni pweke, I am by myself,
commonly peke yangu. Hii
pweke ?tiuvundo,this loneliness is
disgusting. (Cf. upweke, peke,
pekee.)

Pweza, n. a cuttle-fish.
-pya, a. fttipya with D 4 (P), D
6, jipya with D 5,pipya with D 7),
new, fresh, recent, novel,
modern. (Opp. to -a kale, -a
zarnani, -kukuu, -zee. Cf.for young
in age,mtoto, -dogo\ for novel,
strange, -geni; for * fresh in
condition, not fully matured,
-bichi.)

-pyoro, a. one who cannot be

trusted, one who deceives,
exaggerates,
&c.
Mapyoro,
dcccitfulncss,
exaggeration,
double-dealing.
B.

B is used to represent (1) the

Bantu r sound, which in Swahili
is not practically distinguished
from /, and so not quite so
distinct as the English smooth
untrillcd r. Nearly all words of

REHEMA

326

RITHI

*Bahani, n. and Behani,

Bihani,
pledge,
mortgage,
security. Weka rahani, deposit as a
given under B will be seen to be pledge (in pawn). (Ar. Cf. amana.
of foreign origin.
Dist. rahani, locat. of raha.)
The rolled or guttural r is only
Bahisi, a. (1) cheap, of small
used in imitation (conscious or value (contr. ghali, -a thamani); (2)
unconscious)
of
Arabic easy, without difficulties,and
pronunciation, esp. of ghain. so, light in weight, comfortable,
soft (contr. -zito, -gumu, and syn.

-epesi). K. g. njia r.} an easy road.

Kazi r., easy work. Mzigo r* a
Though
not
careful
to light load. Rahisi inavunja upishi,
distinguish r and /, the Swahili cheapness spoils the cooking.
recognizes the difference, and (Ar.)
preserves it as a rule in words,
where needed to make the
*Bai, v. give food to, put
meaning
clear,
e.g.
kali,, food in the mouth of, feed,
condition, hari, sweat, and in esp. as a sign of affection or
demonstratives such os yule.
respect. (Ar. Cf. lisha, Cs. of
~la, v.)
*Babbi, n. lord, master,in Z.
only as a title of God,like Mola.
*Bajabu, n. the seventh
(AT.)
month of the Arabic year,
regarded as esp. sacred, as the
*Badi, n. (), (i) plan, design, month of Mahomeds journey
purpose, wish, resolve, e. g. to Jerusalem. (Arab.)
mmekosa radi ya baba yenu, you
have failed to carry out your
*Bajamu, n. mark, stamp,
fathers wish. (Ar. tnradiy cf. nia, trademark. (Ar. properly of a
kusudi, azima, shauri.)
(2) stone used as a mark, cf.
for rat hi, see Urathi,
anwani, chapa, alama.)
favour,
good
pleasure,
*Baka, n. (ma-), patch, spot.
acquiescence, approval, pardon. Nguoya
rakaraka,
patched,
Taka (pata) radi, ask (obtain) tattered garment. Kirakaraka,
consent. (Ar. Cf. rithi, urathi, and spotted, speckled, dappled.
ruhusa.) (3) also Badu, thunder- (Ar.)
clap. Piga radi, thunder. (Ar. Cf.
ngurumol)
*Bakabisha,
n.
show
vigilance (care, attention) as to,
*Baflki, n. (, and ma-)} act with caution, arrange,
friend, the most common word. provide, prepare. Sometimes
(Ar. Cf. urafiki, and syn. mwenzi, also a Nt. rakabika, be done or
mpenzi, sahibu, nisiri, mzishi.)
managed with care, &c., and
simple rakabu, in similar sense.
*Baha,n. rest, repose, peace, (Ar.)
tranquillity, passive enjoyment,
ideal happiness, bliss. R. ya peponi,
*Bali, a. (pronounced with
heavenly happiness. R. mstarehe, deep guttural r). See Ghali. (Ar.)
perfect peace. (Ar. Cf. sta-rehe,
and syn. aman i, ntu livu, fur aha,
*Bamani, n. and Bahmani,
kimy a.)
map, chart, plan. (Ar.)
a

*Bamathani,
n.
the
Mahommedan
month
of
fasting, when nothing is eaten
or drunk between sunrise and
sunset. (Ar. Cf. mwezi, and for
fasting, mfungo, fungal)
Bamba, v. lick. See Lamba.
n. (1) (ma~), a Madagascar
grass- cloth, of fine plaited
grass with coloured stripes; (2)
a kind of knife used by
shoemakers
(Str.).
.
*Bambi-rambi, n. words or
messages of condolence after a
death or disaster. (Ar. See
Mbirambi.)

animal tearing its prey. Also rarua

nguo, tear clothes. Ps. raruliwa.
Ap. raru-lia, -liwa. (Cf. pasua,
papura.)

Rasha-rasha, n. Mvuaya rasharash a, light drizzling rain, drizzle,

showers. (Ar. Cf. marashi, mrashi,
and follg.)

Rashia,
v.
sprinkle,
besprinkle. Ps. rashiwa. (Ar. Cf.
marashi,
mrashi,
and
syn.
nyttnyiza.')

Rasi, n. () also Ras, (1)

headland, cape, promontory; (2)
capital,
property,
fortune,
commonly ras il mali. (Ar. *
head.)

*Bamli, n. sand. In Z. of a
divining-board, covered with
sand, used for foretelling the
future. Hence piga r., use a
divining-board, take omens.
Tukaenda katika ramli, and we
resorted to divination. Weka r.,
try divination. (Ar. Cf. B.

"Ratedi, n. and R&tel, a

pound- weight. See Ratli. (Ar.)

*Bammu, n. (with guttural

Alishika rathi na wosta wa baba yoke,

mchangal)

r). See Ghammu, Hamu. (Ar.) .

*Banda, n. a carpenters
plane. Piga r., plane, v. (Hind.)
Banda, v. dance for joy,
gambol, frisk, jump about. (Cf.
cheza, tafia.)

Rathi, n. (), also sometimes

Radi,
<
1)
contentment,
acquiescence,
compliance,
approval,
pardon,
favour,
sanction; (2) apology, satisfaction
offered. E. g. kwa rathiya Muungu,
by the favour (blessing) of God.
he persevered in compliance with
the charge of his father. Taka rathi,
ask pardon, apologize. Nimctangulia kupokea rathi zako, I have
accepted your apologies in
advance. a. contented,
satisfied,
willing,
ready,
consenting. Ni rathi sana, I am
quite content. Uniwie rathi, pardon
me, allow me, do not be displeased with me. Also common in
the Arab, form kunrathi, pardon
me. Rp. ralhiana, agree together,
consent, be reconciled, be of one
mind.

Rangi, n. (i) colouring matter,

pigment, paint; (2) colour in
general, tint, hue. Tia {faka) rangi,
colour, paint, apply paint to. -a
rangi, coloured, painted. -a
rangirangi,
of many hues,
variegated. (Hind. The only B.
adjs. of colour in Swahili aie (Ar. Cf. urathi, rithia, rithisha, &c.,
-etipe, -eusi, -ekundu, white, black,
and syn. kubaii, pokea, ithitii. also
red.)
for Rp. patana. Dist. rathi, for radi,
Rarua, v. tear in pieces, tear, mradi, opinion, purpose, plan.)
rend,used regularly of a wild
Ratibu, r. arrange, put in

REHEMA

RITHI

326

order, settle, fix, make firm and the herb basil (cf. kwumbasi);(3) a
sound. Ps. ratibiwa. Nt. ratibika. kind of calico made at Cutch in imitation
Ap. ratib-ia, -iwa. Cs. ratib-isha, of Muscat fabric.
Rshema, n. mercy, pity, com-

-ishwa, e. g. get a matter settled, passion, fellow-feeling,human and

have it arranged. (Ar. Cf. taratibu, divine. Also an euphemism for death,
but
tengeneza,
fanyiza
are fikiliza rehemani, take to mercy (rest).
commonly used.)
Cf. marehemu. .(Ar. Cf. follg. and syn.
hnruma, perh. the same word. Rehema
Ratli, n. also R&teli, Rntel. a in poet, is sometimes ruhuma.)

weight of about 1 lb., reckoned as

*R9hemu, v. pity, have mercy on,
equal to 16 wakia or ounces. (Ar. commiserate,and as an euphemism,
For weights, see also Pishi, end the life of, grant rest to. Ps. rehemFrasila.)
iwa, or -ewa, e. g. be shown mercy, die.
Nt. rchem-ika, or -eka. Ap. rehem-ia,
Rayia, n. (), subject, depen- -iwa, or -ea, -ewa, like thePr. form,
dant, tributary. (Arab, for the show (feel) compassion to (for, by). Cs.
common mtu, mtumwa, dependant.) rehem-esha, -eskwa, as Intens., show
Reale, n. (), a dollar,
usually reckoned for commercial
purposes as equal in value to two
rupees, eight picc. The coin
commonly known by the name in
Z. is the Austrian Maria Theresa
silver dollar, still largely used in
Abyssinia, and till lately the only
coin widely current in East
Africa,its actual value varying
with the demand for trade purposes,also called Reale ya Sham,
Syrian dollar. The reale ya mzinga
is the Spanish pillar dollar (so
called from its device). The
Fiench five-franc piece is called
reale ya Frattsa. (Span, and Port.)
-refu, a. ndefu with D 4 (P), D
6, reftt with D 5 (S)), long, nigh,
tall, deep. E. g. mtu rnrefu, a tall
man. Mhma rnrefu, a high
mountain. Kamba ttdefu, a long
roj>e. Shinto refu, a deep pit. Opp.
to fupi. (Cf. urefu.)
Rogea, v. (1) also Legoa
(which see), be loose, slack. (2)
Also Ro Jea (which see), return.
(Ar.)

mercy to, bless, prosper. (Ar. Cf. prec.

and marehemu, huruma.)
*R9ja-reja, n. and adv., retail
business, by retail. Bei (biashara) ya
reja-reja, retail trade. Opp. to
shelabela, jumla.
(? Ar. returns,
profits. Cf. rejea.)
*Rejea, v. (1) go back, return; (2) fig.
refer (to), relate (to); (3) act. turn back,
e. g. a will, for rejeza, e. g. rejea wosia,
revoke. Ps. rejnva. Nt. rejeka. Cs. rejeza, -ezwa, return, repay. Hence rejezea, -ewa. Also rejezana.
Rp.

rejeana.

(Ar. Cf. syn. nidi, and follg.)

*Rejeo, n. usu. in plur. marejeo,
return, requital, repayment, reference.
(Ar. Cf. prec.)
*Rekebu, v. use as a vehicle, mount
upon, ride, sail, &c.,whether of animal
or machine. Ps. rekeb- iwa. Nt.
rekcbika. Ap. rekeb- ia, -iwa. Cs.
rekeb-isha, -iskwa, e. g. cause to mount
up, pile up in a heap, place in position.
Rekebisha mzinga {ngazi), mount a
cannon (fix a ladder). (Ar. Cf.
marekebu,
merikebu,
and
the
commoner syn. B. panda.)
Remba, v. adorn, decorate, make
beautiful (showy). Ps. rembwa. Nt.
rembeka. Ap. remb-ea, -ewa.

Cs. remb-esha, -eshwa. (Cf. urembo,

rembo, rembua, marembo, and the
Rehani, n. (1) also Rahani (which
see), pledge, pawn; (2) also Rihani, commoner syn.pamba.)
-regefu, a. See -logefu.

Rembo, n. (ma-), ornament,

ornamental
marking
(form,
colour). Mar- mar y a marembo,
variegated marble, i. e. with
streaks, veins, &c. (Cf. prec.)

g. be satisfied (contented,
pleased), acquiesce, approve,
consent. Ap. rith-ia, -iwa, e. g.
agree with, consent to, be pleased
about, approve,

Rembua, v. Rv. of remba, spoil

the beauty of, distort, disfigure.
Rembua macho, show the whites of
the eyes. Ps. rembuliwa. (Cf. prec.
and umbua.)

accept, &c.

Cs. rithi-s ha, -shwa,

Intens. cause to be content,

content, satisfy, please, win
approval of, &c. Rp. rithiana, and
rathiana, be mutually agreed,
*-reno,
a.
of Portugal, come to terms, be of one mind.
Portuguese. Mreno, a Portuguese. (Ar. Cf. rathi, u rat hi, and syn.
Ureno, Portugal. Kireno, the pendeza, kubali. Dist. follg.)
Portuguese language.
Rithi, (a) v. (the th
*Riba, n. interest on money or pronounced as in Eng. thin, also
property, mon ey-lending, usury. Risi, see note below), inherit, get
Toa r., lend at interest, practise by inheritance, be heir. Rithi mali
usury. Mia r., one who takes kwa babaye, inherit property from
interest, a usurer, money-lender, his father. Killa atakayenirithi, all
banker. (Ar., sometimes, with my heirs. Ps. rithiwa, e.g. be left
article, iriba. Cf. faida.)
as a legacy, be bequeathed, be
disposed of by will. A meat ha
*Rihani, n. and Rehani, a mtunnva hunt, asi- uzwe wala
sweet- scented herb, sweet basil. asirithiwe, he has left the slave
Two varieties are known as r. ya free, so that he cannot be sold or
kipata, and r. ya kiajjemi. (Cf. disposed of by will. Also see
kivumbasi.)
theAp. Nt .rithika. Ap. rith-ia, -iwa,
e.g. inherit from (by, for), &c.
Rika, n. (ina-), age, time of life, Cs* rithi-sha, -shwa, cause to
also, a contemporary, one of the inherit, instal as heir, do the duty
same age, equal. So rika moja, of an executor to. In Ps. receive
marika mamoja, of same age. (Cf. an inheritance, be made heir. (Ar.
marika and umri.)
war ash, urish. Cf. warithi, mrithi,
urithi. The word has become asRisasi, n. also Lisasi (which similated to the quite different
see), and Rusasi, lead. (Ar.)
rithi,
make content (which
compare). Cf. syn. at ha,
*Ritha, n. consent, sanction, bequeath, achiwa, inherit.)
approval. Rarely used. Kwa ritha
yetu wenyewe, by our own consent.
Riza, n. also Liza, door chain,
(Ar. Cf. follg.)
secured by a staple (Jumbutt) and
padlock outside the door.
*Rithi, (1) v. (the th
pronounced as in Eng. then, i. e.
Riziki, n. (), necessaries of
dh), make content, satisfy, please, life, means of subsistence, food,
meet the wishes of. E. g. mwenyi maintenance. (Ar. Cf. ntsuku, and
kumrithi mwenziwe, one who treats syn.
nafuu,
tnafaa,
chakula,
his friend with kindness (courtesy, tnaponea.)
consideration). Kama akikurithi,
bassi,- if he pleases yon, that is
Robo, n. (), (l) a fourth
enough. Ps. rithiwa. Nt. rithika, e. part, a quarter; (2) a quarter

REHEMA

dollar, i. e. commonly a half

rupee, worth 7-8 pence; (3) any
silver coin of similar appearance,
c. g. an English shilling. Robo
fesa, one pic,of which there are
three to the pice, twelve to the
anna. This coin is little used in Z.
Kassa robo, lit. less a quarter, i.c.
three-quarters. Saa tano kassa robo,
five less a quarter, i. e. a quarter
to eleven (English time). (Ar. Cf.
other coins, rupia, pesa, rcaleT and

326

RITHI

covetousness. Una roho, you are

greedy. Kula kwa roho, greedy
eating. Fanya roho, be greedy,
covetous (cf. pupa, tamaa). (7)
sometimes for a spiritual being,
spirit, with plur. tna- roho (cf.
pepo, zirnwe, nisi mu). a roho, of the
soul, spiritual, heartfelt, &c. Also
-a kiroho, spiritual, immaterial,
abstract. (Ar. Obs. the various
words compared above.')

Rojo-rojo, n. and a., of a

thick, tenacious, sticky fluid, or
*R5bota, n. () and Robta, substance. (?Ac.)
packet, parcel, bundle, bale. Ro*Roshani,
n.
balcony,
bota ya ngtio, a bale of calico.
Dim. kirobota. (Ar. Cf. mtumba, ba- projecting window. (Ar. window,
cf. dirisha.)
hasha.)
themuni.)

Roda, n. sheaveof a pulley.

(Cf. kapi.)
Roho, n. (1) soul, spirit, life,
vital principle,of man or
animals, regarded sometimes as
wholly immaterial, e. g. roho peke
yoke haina kiwiliwili, the soul in
itself *has no body (cf. kivuli cha
roho, the sonls shadow or ghost),
sometimes as having a
substance of some kind, i. e.
'nyamaya roho, kitu cha roho. Cf.
killa chettyi roho, every living thing
(also cf. uzima, uhai). Hence (2)
breath, as a sign of life, e.g. kata
roho, die, expire, kokota roho, draw
breath with difficulty (cf. pumuzi);
and (3) throat, as the breathpassage, e. g. chaktila kinampalia
rohoni, the food rises up in his
throat. Kaba roho, seize by the
throat (cf. koo). (4) heart, as a vital
organ, e.g. roho haipigi Una, his
heart no longer beats, but also
distinguished, e. g. tnoyo haupigi,
roho interntoka, the heart does not
beat, his spirit is gone. (5) like
tnoyo, character, individuality.
Roho yoke njerna, he is good, wellprincipled, trustworthy. Killa mtu
ana roho yoke, every man has his
individuality (cf. na/si, tabia), (6)
greediness, gluttony, avarice,

Ruba, n. a leech. See Mruba.

*Rubani, n. (, or tna-), pilot,

steersman, guide. (Ar. Cf. kio- ngozi,

mshiki, msnkani.)

*Rudi, v. (i) turn (come, go) back,

return, revert,sometimes with Infin. of
that from which the return is, e. g.
amemdi kutembea, he has come back
from a walk. Maskini ame- rtuli
kuomba, the poor man has returned
from begging. (2) give back, send back,
reverse, return, repay, reply to,
contradict, e. g. akawarudi salaam, and
he returned their greeting. Muungu
akurudi mema yako, may God requite
you your goodness. Mimi sizvezi
kurndi liliokwisha, I cannot reverse
what is done. Rudi neno, contradict,
deny, refuse. (3) reprove, correct,
reform, punish, e. g. rudi tnakosa,
correct mistakes (faults). Rudi mtolo,
punish a child. Ps. rudiwa, e. g. be
reversed, be returned, be punished,
hataki kurudiwa neno lake, he will not
have his words contradicted. Alirudizva
kioa neno la heri, he was reformed by a
word in season.
Nt. rudika, e.g.

neno
lake halirudiki, his orders cannot be
disobeyed. Mtoto harudiki, the child is
not amenable to discipline. Ap. rud-ia,
-iwa, e. g. return to (from, by, &c.),
punish for (with, at,- &c.). Cs. rudi-sha,
-shwa, give back, send back, repay, &c.

rudi-shia,
-shiwa,
and rukwa, e. g. rukwa na akilij lose
rudishana. Rp. ittdiana, e.g. return to ones senses,corresponding to
each other, return all together (by com- the act. form akili zina- mruka, his
mon consent). (Ar. Cf. marudi, senses are leaving him. Ap. ruk-ia,
marudio, and syn. rejea, and punish, -iwa, e. g. leap on, fly at, assail,
athibu, ongoza, tisha.)
attack, e.g. chui alimrukia kuku, a
Hence

*Rudufu, a. double, twofold, usu. leopard pounced on the fowl. Rp.

in form marudufu (which see). (Ar. Cf. nikiana. Cs. rusha, rushwa, e.g. of a
follg.)
horse throwing its rider, flying a
*Rudufya, v.
make double,
kite, letting off rockets, splashing
double, redouble.
(Ar. Cf. prec.)
*Rufaa, n. cargo, provisions for a
voyage. Wakapakia rufaa, killa kitu
cha duniani na aina vyakula, they put
stores on board, everything in the world,
and all kinds of pro visions. (Ar., not

up water, making dust fly, &c.,

driving away birds, &c., throwing
a ball. (Cf. follg.)
Ruko, n. {ma-), and Mruko,
leaping, a leap, over-stepping,
trespass, omission. (Cf. prec.)

common, cf. masarifu, riziki.)

*Rufuku, n. also Rufaka, pro- *Rum, n. Constantinople. Sul- tani
hibition, refusal. Riga rufukit, Rum, the Sultan of Turkey
announce (issue) a prohibition,
prohibit, forbid. (Ar. Cf. martifukui) v. prohibit, forbid,for
the common kataza. Ps. rufukiwa.
Ap. rufuk-ia, -iwa. Cs. mfuk-isha,
-iskwa, cause to forbid, forbid
stringently. (Ar. Cf. kataza.)
*Ruhusa, n. (), also Ruksa,
leave, permission, liberty (to act).
Toa r., pa r., give leave. Twaa
(pokea, pewa) r., receive leave.
Omba r., taka r., ask leave. Rukusa
ya serkali, official warrant. (Ar. Cf.
follg., and syn. ithini, nafasi.)
*Ruhusu, v. give leave (to),
permit, allow. Ps. ruhusiwa. Nt.
ruhusika. Ap. ruhus-ia, -iwa. Cs.
ruhus-isha, -ishwa, e.g. give leave,
get leave. (Ar. Cf. prec.)
*Rujumu, v. stone, kill by
stoning. Ps. rujumiwa. (Ar., for
common B. piga tnawe.)
Buka, v. (1) jump, leap, hop,
spring, bound, fly, fly up, fly
away, pass through the air ; (2)
pass over, pass beyond, overstep,
transgress; (3) omit, leave out, fail
to notice. Ruka mpaka, pass a
boundary, break bounds. Used of
any object moving in the air. Ps.

BUNGTJ

329

SAA

.Bahari Rum, the Mediterranean

S represents the same sound as
.Sea. (Ar.)
in English, and may always be so
pronounced. But it must be
Rungu, n. (ma-), also Lungu, remembered that (1) in words of
club, mace, war-club, knob-kerry. Arabic origin, s is used for both
(Cf. for sticks, bakora,fimbo.)
Sin and Sad, and is often written
for the sound of
Bupia, n. (), (i) an Indian
rupee, now worth about one Thay, i. e. the th in Eng. 1 thin ;
shilling and fourpence. No gold (2) a Swahili does not always
coins are commonly current in Z., clearly distinguish s, shy and z,
and all cash transactions are in even when a difference of
rupees and pice. (Hind. Cf. reale, meaning in a word is involved, e.
pesa, robo.) (2) a skin disease.
g. sindano, needle, and shittdano,
struggle, shavu and chafu, shanuo
*Busasi, n. also Lisasi, Risasi, and chanuo. Hence somewhat
lead,the metal. (Ar.)
different pronunciations of the
same word are heard, and words
Rushwa, n. (), a bribe, not found under S may be looked
commission. Toa rttshwa, offer a for under Sh, Th,and Z. Obs.
bribe. Pettyeza r., give a bribe. esp.shi- ttdika, sindika, zindika, and
Kula r., to take a bribe. (Ar. Cf. cognate words. Moreover when s
kijiri, tnlungtt/a.)
is closely connected with a
following consonant, there is a
'Rutubu, n. damp, moisture, tendency to interpose a vowel
dampness. (Ar. Cf. maji, mnyefu, sound to give it a separate
chepe-chcpel)
syllabic force, e.g. situka for stuka,
for stiri, simillah for istniilah,
Rutubika, v. (1) be damp, wet, sitiri
moist; (2) fig. be refreshed, &c.
relieved, cooled. Roho yao
Saa, v. remain over, be left
wagottjwa hu- rutubika kidogo, the over, e. g. haikttsaa tende hatta
spirits of the invalids were tttoja, not a single date remained.
refreshed a little. Cs. rttiubisha, But the Ap. form is commonly
make damp. (Ar. Cf. Iowa, and used in this sense, i.e. sa/ia, both
burttdika.)
in the simple and applied
over (for, to,
Ruzuku, v. supply with neces- meaning,remain
in, &c.). Cs. saza, sazwa, leave
saries of life, provide for, by,
to remain over, leave
maintain,
support,used over, cause
or undone, omit, e. g.
commonly of Gods providential unsaid
kumweleza, I will not fail
care for His creatures, i.e. bless, sitasaza
inform him. Hence Ap. sazia,
preserve. E.g. mtu akintpa maskitti to
iwa, Cs. saz-isha, 'ishwa. (Cf.
kichache, Muungti hutnru- zuktt sazkingi, if a man gives a little to the salio, sazo, and baki.)
poor, God gives him abundance.
*S&a, n. (1) an hour, a twelfth
Ilutaki kutttruzttktt mlumwa wako, part of the day or night; (2) time,
you will not give your slave daily period of time; (3) a timepiece,
subsistence. Ps. ruzukiwa. Ap. watch, clock. Saa ya mkotto, a
ruzuk-ia, -iwa. Cs. ruzuk-isha, watch. The day in Z. begins at
ishwa. (Ar. Cf. riziki.)
sunset, which is called saa
thenashara
jiotti,
i.e.
twelveoclockinthecvening, about
S.
6 p.m. all the year round, and from

it the hours arc reckoned on, one,

two, three, &c. till 6 a.m., which
is called saa thenashara assubuhi.
The time is asked by Saa ttgapif I
low many hours ? i. c. since
sunset or sunrise, or Saa ganif
What hour is it ? and the reply is
saa moja, saa kwanza (or saa ya
knvanza), one oclock, i. e. seven
in English time, saa rnbili, saapili
(saa yapili), two oclock, i. e.
eight, saa tatu (saa ya tatu), three
oclock, and so on. Nussti saa, half
an hour. Hobo saa, quarter of an
hour. Saa u robo, ah hour and a
quarter. Saa mbili kassa robo, an
hour and three-quarters, lit. 2
hours less a quarter. A particular
time of day is often roughly fixed
by indicating the position of the
sun, and the expression jua hivi,
the sun thus. (Ar. Cf. dakika,
mchana, siku, usiku. Dist. saa (ma-)
for salio, (which see).)
Saa,
int.
of
wonder,
impatience,
or
simple
acknowledgement of a call. Sana
saa ! Speak, will you ! Ebu saa, in
remonstrance, dont do that.
Unaumiza saa, you hurt, I say.
Saanda, n. See Sanda.
Saba, n. and a., also
commonly Sabaa, seven. -a saba,
seventh. Sometimes used for
juma, a week, e. g. sabaa ngine,
next week. Sabaa tatu, three
weeks. (Ar. Cf. sa- batashara,
sabaini.)

Sababu, n. and conj., reason,

cause, motive. 7'oa sababu, give a
reason, assign a cause. Hampati
kwa sababu hana sababu, he does
not get him because he has no
motive to. Kwa sababu, and simply
sababu,
because. Sababugani?
Why? For what reason? Kwa
sababu ya, by reason of, on
account of, for the sake of, in
consequence of. Sababu nini
amekuja ? What is the reason he

has come ? (Ar. Cf. ajili, maana,

kwa ajili, &c.)
Sabaini, n. and a., also
Sabuini, seventy. -a sabaini,
seventieth. (Ar. Cf. saba.)
Sabalkheri, also Subulkheri,
the common Arab morning salutation, Good morning. (Ar. Cf.
assubuhi, heri, and masalkheri. The
common Hindoo salute is salaam,
and the common Swahili jatnbo.)
Sabatashara, n. and a., seventeen. -a sabatashara, seventeenth.
(Ar. Cf. saba, ashara.)
*Sabiki, v. go before, lead the

way. (Arab, for common tangu- lia, cf.

lakadamu.)

Sabuini, n. and a., seventy. See

Sabaini. (Ar.)
Sabuni, n. soap. (Ar.)
Saburi, n. patience, patient waiting,
resignation. Saburi yavuta heri,
patience brings luck. S. ni uftmguo wa
faraja, patience is the key of comfort.
v. be patient, also subiri (which
see). (Ar. Cf. uvumilivu, ustahimili.)
Sadaka, n. a religious offering,
sacrifice, alms, act of charity, anything
done from a religious motive. (Ar. Cf,
sadiki, and kafara, thabihu, zaka.)
Sadiki, v. believe, give credence to,
accept as true (truthful). Ps. sadikiwa.
Nt. sadikika. Ap. sadik-ia, -iwa. Cs.
sadiki-sha, -shwa, e. g. (1) convince,
win credence, justify, make out to be
true; (2) intens. believe firmly, trust implicitly. n. and a., truth, true, but
usually kweli, hakika, amini. (Ar. Cf.
sadaka, and follg., also syn. amini.)
-sadikifu, a. (1) prone to believe,
credulous ; (2) credible, trustworthy,
true. (Ar. Cf. prec.)

Safari, n. (1) a journey,

voyage, expedition; (2) for
msafara, a caravan, company of
persons travelling together, an
equipped party or expedition.
(Such a party in E. Africa
commonly includes (a) wapagazi,

BUNGTJ

329

porters,carrying goods and provisions ; (b) asikari, an armed

escort, acting also as police; ( c)
wanya- mpara (or wasimamizi),
headmen, in charge of different
detachments; (d) kiongozi, a leader,
or guide,besides the owner
providing for the whole, tajiri.) (3)
for marra, time, turn, instance. S.
hii nakuachilia, this time I let you
off. S. ngine, another time. S. ya
pili, next time. Funga s., get ready,
make a start. Safari l Time to start!
Off you go ! Right away 1 (Ar.
Cf. safiri, msafara.)
Safi, a. and Swafi, (i) clean,
pure, clear, bright, lucid. Maji
{nguo, nyumba) safi, clean water
(clothes, house). Cf. -eupc,
-takatifu. (a) honest, sincere,
disinterested. Afoyo wake swafi, his
character is good. Alaneno swafi,
clear statements, straightforward
account. v. make clean. Ps.
safiwa. Nt.safika. But usu. in the
Cs. safi-sha, -shwa, clean, purify,
clear up, set to rights. Ap. saf-ia,
-iwa, e.g. amemsafia chuo, he has
corrected the book for him. Also
saf-ilia, -iliwa, e. g. ms as a wa
kusafilia
uta,
sandpaper for
smoothing the bow. (Ar. Cf. follg.
and usafi, masafi.')

SAA

sha, shwa, send ofT, dispatch, see

start, give farewell greeting to,

&c. (Ar. Cf. safari, msafara,
msafiri.)

*8afu, n. (, and ma-), row,

line, rank, series. Pattga (weka)
safu or kwa safu, set in rows. Mitt
safu safu, an avenue of trees. Safu
sa kaida, regular rows. (Ar. Cf.
ntsafa, and mstart'.)
*Safura, n. bile, biliousness,
but also of disease causing a
swollen or dropsical condition.
(Ar.)
Saga, v. (i) grind, pulverize, triturate, crush to bits; (2) fig. grind
down, oppress. Esp. of grinding
grain with small native millstones, mawe ya kttsagia, the upper
called mwatta, worked by a handle
(msuso) on the lower {mama). Saga
me no, grind the teeth. Ps. 'sagwa.
Nt. sagika. Ap. sag-ia, -iwa, -ika. (Cf.
ponda, seta, funda.)

Sagai, n. (), javelin, short

stabbing spear,of the Zulus and
kindred tribes.
(Cf.
mkuke,fumo.)

*Sahr.i n. (), dish, plate,

saucer. Dim. kisahani. (Ar. Cf. for
*Safidi, v. clean, clear up, put various dishes, &c., chombo,
in order, set to rights, arrange chungu, &c.)
neatly, e. g. of house, effects, or
*Sahau, v. forget, fail to
person. Ps. safidiwa. Nt. safidika, e.
g. mane no yame safidika, the remember or call to mind, make a
statement
is
clear, silly mistake. Ps. sahauliwa. Nt.
straightforward. Ap. safid-ia, -iwa. sahaulika. Ap. sahattl-ia, -iwa. Cs.
Cs. safidi-sha, -shwa, and intens. sahauisha, sahau lisha, -lishwa. (Ar.
(Ar. Cf. prec. and takasa, Cf.
tengeneza,fanyiza.)
follg., and syn. pit iwa.)
*8afina, n. (), a ship, a
-sahaulifu, a. (1) forgetful, invessel, Noahs ark. (Ar. for attentive,
absent-minded; (2) forcommon jahazi, chombo.')
gotten. (Cf. prec.)
Saflri, v. travel, engage in a
*Sahibu, n. (), (r) friend,
journey or expedition, sail, start. acquaintance;
master, lord.
Ap. safir-ia, -iwa, -ika, i. e. travel Walikuwa sahibu (2)
sana, they were
for (in, by, with, &c.). Cs. safiri-

great friends. Also masahibu,

friendship. Nalikuwa na masahibu
yake, I was on familiar terms with
him. (Ar. Cf. rafiki, mwenzi.)
Sahihi, a. correct, right, free
from mistakes, valid, genuine,
true. Mtu sahihi, a man of
unblemished character. Fanya
sahihi, correct, revise, rectify. n.
attestation, guarantee, signature.
Tia
sahihi,
sign, attest.
adv.rightly, truly. v. correct,
put right,but usu. in the Cs.
form sahihi-sha, -shwa, (1) correct,
put right; (2) pass as right or
valid, attest, sign. Ps. sahihiwa. (Ar.
Cf. usahihi.)
Saidi, n. lord, master. See
Sayidi. (Ar.)
Saidia, v. aid, help, assist,
support, countenance, abet. Ps. r
aidin'a. Nt. saidika. Rp. saidi- twa.
(Ar. Cf. msaada, and syn.
auni.)

*Saili. v.ask, inquire (of),

question. Ps. saili-ua. An. sail-ia,
-iwa,e.g. ask about (for, in), &c.
Cs. saili- sha, -shwa. (Ar. Cf. ssvali,
and syn. uliza, hoju Dist. sa/i, sala.

)Saisi,

SAISI

n.
coachman. (Ar.)

(),

332

groom, greeting,
good
wishes,
SALI
compliments. Salaam is a common
Arab greeting, also used by
Saka, v. hunt,of wild Hindoos,in full Salaam alek
animals, birds, &c. (Cf. msakaji, (phir. alekum), peace (safety) be
msako, and syn. winder.)
with you,the reply being wa
alek (alekum) issalaam, and with
Sakafu, n. (), a floor, or you peace,usually accompanied
roof, of concrete, laid on poles in by a gesture, viz. placing the hand
the upper stories, and rammed on the heart. (Ar. Cf. salamu,
hard. Also of roofing generally, e. salimu, salama, and syn.jambo.)
g. sakafu ya churna, a roof of
galvanized iron. (Ar. Cf. sakifu.)
Salala, n. (), meat from near
the backbone, the chine.
Sakama, v. (i) stick fast, be
caught (held, jammed) ; (2) fig.
Salamu, n. (), also Salama,
be in a difficulty (perplexity, &c.). and Salaam, (1) safety, security,
(Ar. Cf. saki, and syn. kwama.)
peace, salvation, sound health; (2)
greeting,
gbod
wishes,
*Saki, v. (1) press close, fit compliments. Toa s., -pa s., greet.
tight (to); (2) affect deeply, come Pana s., exchange greetings. Pokea
home (to), touch the feelings (of). s., receive greetings. Leta (peleka,
E. g. of clothes, the stopper of a chukua) s., convey greetings.
bottle. Njaa inasaki, hunger Salaam ya mkono, shaking hands,
presses. Ps. sakiwa. Cs. saki-sha, offer of help. Umsa- limu ndugu
-shwa, cause to press, make fit yako salamu zangu, give your
closely. (Ar. Cf. sakama.)
brother my greetings. Kwa salamu
na amani, in safety and peace.
Sakifu, v. make a floor or Mizinga ya salaam, a salute with
roof of concrete, provide with cannon. Salamu salimini, safe and
floor or roof, put a roof on. well, quite safe. A common openNyumba ime- sakifiwa 11a mbau juu, ing of a letter is kwa fullani salamu
the house was floored with planks sana (or, salamu nyingi). Na baada
in the upper stories. Ps. sakifiwa. ya salamu, &c., i. e. to so and so
Ap. sakif- ia, -iwa. Cs. sakif-isha, all good wishes. And after good
-ishwa. (Ar. Cf. sakafu, dari, ezeka.) wishes, &c. a. safe, secure,
sound, flourishing, well. (Ar. Cf.
Sala, n. (), prayer, i. e. to salimu, and syn. uzima, amani,
God, according to Mahommedan wokovu.)
forms and ideas, public worship,
divine service, devotions, whether
Salata, n. (), harshness, unperformed with others or alone. feeling conduct, sarcasm. (Ar. Cf.
The five prescribed hours of saliti, msalata.)
prayer are (1) alfajiri, an hour or
two before sunrise ; (2) aththuuri,
Sali, v. pray (to God), i. e. use
noon; (3)
the
prescribed
forms
of
Mahommedan worship, public or
alasiri, afternoon; (4) magaribi, private,offer prayer (divine
sunset ; (5) is ha or eska, an hour service, worship). (Cf. sala, and
or two after sunset. (Ar. Cf. salt, dist. omba, in which the idea of
msala, and syn. dua, maombi. Dist. earnest request, begging, is the
saili, swali.) .
chief one.) Sali dua, offer a special
request to, make a petition to,
Balaam, n. (), also Salamu, God. Ap. sal-ia, -iwa, pray for,

intercede for, &c., e. g. mtu aliyekufa husalhva, prayers are said

over a dead person. Msala ni mkeka
wa kusalia, a msala is a prayingmat. Cs. sali-sha, -shwa, e. g. teach
forms of prayer to, lead the
prayers,in a mosque, as is done
by the mwalimu. Also intens.
engage in worship. (Ar. Dist. saili,
sali, petition, question, and salia as
Ap. of saa, v. be left over.)

(Cf. kwama, and dist. kaba, choke

by outside pressure, throttle.)
SAISI

Salia, v. Ap. of (i) salt, v.; (2)

saa, v.

u/ili.)

*
Salih
1.
a.
good,
sound,fitting,useful, proper, in
good condition. Mtu salihi, a man
of
good
(honourable,
unblemished) character. Sometimes as a v. See Selehi. (Ar. Cf.
suluhisha, selehi, and syn. sahthi.)
%

Saltmini, adv. in safety,

safely, used in conjunction with
salamu, e.g. waraka wako umenifkia
salamu salimini, your letter reached
me quite safely. (Ar. Cf. follg.)
Salirau, v. (1) express good
wishes to, salute, greet, accost,
congratulate ; (2) hand over
safely, deliver, rescue; (3) give
up, surrender, yield, resign, e.g.
wait anakusalimu, the governor
sends his compliments to you.
Nimemsalimu wali fetha yake, I have
paid the governor his money.
Saltmu roho, give up the ghost, die.
Ps. salimiwa. Nt. salimika, e.g.
salimika ajali, meet ones fate,
come to the appointed end, die.
Also, be delivered, rescued, be
paid off, &c. Ap. salim-ia, -iwa, e.
g. uttisalimie babayako, give my
kind regards to your father. Rp.
salimiana. Cs. salim-isha, -ishwa, e.
g. (1) cause to be safe, save,
rescue; (2) give up, hand over,
pay, i.e. intens. Ntasalimisha
rohoyangu, I shall die. Mali hisi
umsalimishe nJugu yangu mkononi,
pay this money into my brothers
hand. Salimisha kwa Aila, betray'.
(Ar. Cf. salamu, silimu, and syn.
toa, Ufa, kabithi, pony a.)

*Salio, n. usu. in plur. masalio,

remainder, residue, remains.
Mas.ya
mirathiyoke,
residuary
estate. (Ar. Cf. saa, v. and syn.
baki, saw.)

332 n. (), a bedstead

*Samadari,
of foreign,
non-African, make,
SALI
iron or wood. Commonly of
Indian beds. (? Hind. Cf. kitanda,

Samadi. n. (), manure,

cow- dung, dung and ashes
mixed. (Ar. Cf. mboleo.)

Somaki, n. (), a fish (of

any kind), fish (in general). Kr.
gives sixty-three names of
different kinds, Sacl. twice as
many, and cf. Playfairs Fishes of
Zanzibar. For some of the
commonest cf. fafa, nguru, pweza,
taa, changu, dagaa. Kambari is the
commonest fresh-water fish. S.
rnbichi, fresh fish. S. mkavu, dried
fish. S. ya nsfonda, cured (sundried) fish. S. ya chumvi, salted
fish. Vua sarnaki, fish, catch fish.
Tuttgas., tie (hangup) fish in a
row. Bana s., fasten fish in a cleft
stick,to bake by a fire. Cf.
sarnaki akioza ni rntungo pia, if one
fish is bad, the whole lot (string)
is too. (Ar.)

*Samani, n. (), implement,

tool, utensil, piece of furniture,
movable chattel. Samani ya
chombo, gear of a ship. (Hind, for
the common chombo. Dist. zamani,
thamani.)

*Samawati, n. (), the

heavens, the sky, sky-colour,
azure. Also rangiya samawati (or
samawi), sky- blue, blue. (Ar.)

Sambamba, adv. alongside,

abreast, side by side, shoulder to
shoulder, in line. (Cf sanjari.)

*Sambusa, n. (), a small

kind of cake, bun.

*Samehe,v. pardon, forgive,

remit, pass over, c. g. of offences,
debts, &c. Nimekusamehe kosa, I
have forgiven your mistake. Ps.
samefuxva. Nt. sameheka. Ap.
sameh-ea, -rtva. Cs. sameh-esha,
-eshwa. Kp. same- heana. a.
forgiving, merciful. (Ar. Cf.

(Cf. kwama, and dist. kaba, choke

by outside pressure, throttle.)
*Samadari, n. (), a bedstead
of foreign, non-African, make,
iron or wood. Commonly of
Indian beds. (? Hind. Cf. kitanda,
u/ili.)

Samadi. n. (), manure,

Saluda, n. a sweetmeat, made cow- dung, dung and ashes
of saffron, sugar, and starch (Str.). mixed. (Ar. Cf. mboleo.)
Somaki, n. (), a fish (of
Sams, v. stick in the throat,
any kind), fish (in general). Kr.
choke.
gives sixty-three names of
different kinds, Sacl. twice as
many, and cf. Playfairs Fishes of
Zanzibar. For some of the
commonest cf. fafa, nguru, pweza,
taa, changu, dagaa. Kambari is the
commonest fresh-water fish. S.
rnbichi, fresh fish. S. mkavu, dried
fish. S. ya nsfonda, cured (sundried) fish. S. ya chumvi, salted
fish. Vua sarnaki, fish, catch fish.
Tuttgas., tie (hangup) fish in a
row. Bana s., fasten fish in a cleft
stick,to bake by a fire. Cf.
sarnaki akioza ni rntungo pia , if one
fish is bad, the whole lot (string)
is too. (Ar.)
*Samani, n. (), implement,
tool, utensil, piece of furniture,
movable chattel. Samani ya
chombo, gear of a ship. (Hind, for
the common chombo. Dist. zamani,
thamani.)

*Samawati, n. (), the

heavens, the sky, sky-colour,
azure. Also rangiya samawati (or
samawi), sky- blue, blue. (Ar.)
Sambamba, adv. alongside,
abreast, side by side, shoulder to
shoulder, in line. (Cf sanjari.)
*Sambusa, n. (), a small
kind of cake, bun.
*Samehe,v. pardon, forgive,
remit, pass over, c. g. of offences,
debts, &c. Nimekusamehe kosa, I
have forgiven your mistake. Ps.
samefuxva. Nt. sameheka. Ap.
sameh-ea, -rtva. Cs. sameh-esha,
-eshwa. Kp. same- heana. a.
forgiving, merciful. (Ar. Cf.

SAISI

Sana, adv. very, much, in a

high degree,used as an
intensive of any kind of action or
quality,
and
translatable
accordingly, e. g. kubwa s., very
great. Piga s., flog soundly. Serna
s., speak loud. Vuta s., pull hard.
Kimbia s., run fast. Kaa s., remain a
long time. And so on. Often with
descriptive nouns, e. g. mtu
mganga sana, a great doctor; fundi
sana, a good workman. Sometimes doubled for emphasis sanasana, or combined with mno, ajabu,
&c. Also in rejoinder, signifying
appreciation, approval,just so,
certainly, I understand, quite
right. (?Ar.)
* Sanaa, n. art, work of art,
handicraft. (Ar.)

332

e.g. of ships SALI

in company, a
convoy and consort, e. g. tukafuata
sanjari, ma- shua zote mbili, and we
followed in company, with both
boats. (? Ar. Cf. vinjari.)

v. follow in line,
escort, accompany,of ships.
Sansuri, n. a kind of sword,
also a sword-fish. (Cf. upangal)
Sarafu, n. (), also Sarf, Sarufu, Sarifu, (i) small coin, small
change; (2) more generally,exchange, rate of exchange, e.g.
sarafu gaziiya mji leo? What is the
exchange in town to-day? (3) a
small metal plate or plates worn
on the forehead, or neck. (Ar. Cf.
serifu.)

Sarifu, v. arrange, set in

order, and esp. of language, use
Sanamaki, n. (), senna, words well (grammatically, in
the drug.
good style), i. e. sarifu maneno kwa
uzuri. (Ar. Cf. sarufi. Dist. serifu.)
Sanamu,
n.
(,
and
sometimes. ma-), image, idol,
Saruji, n. (), and Seruji, (1)
likeness,
statue,
picture, cement, chalk and sand mixed,
representation, figure. Ibada ya Portland cement,also called
sanamu, idolatry. Piga sanamu, udongo wa Ulaya; (2) saddle, for a
draw a picture, make a likeness. horse. (Ar.)
Sanamu ya rangi, a painting. ( Ar.
Sasa, adv. now, at this time, at
Cf. taswira, mfano.)
present, in these days. Sasa hivi,
*Sanda, n. shroud, winding directly, immediately, at once. - a
sheet, burial cloth,commonly of sasa, -a kisasa, of the present day,
thin white calico, i. e. bafta ya fashionable, modem.
kuzikia mtu. (Ar. Cf. mazishi.)
Sasamlanda, n. borage.
Sandali, n. (), sandal wood,
Sataranji, n. (), chess. (Ar.)
from the tree msandali.
Satini, n. grey long-cloth. VaSandarusi, n. (), gum
copal, fossil exudation of the rieties are s. ya Mombee, s. ya
Ulaya. (Cf. nguo.)
tree msanda- rusi.
Sanduku, n. (, and of size
Satta, n. (ma-), lees of cocoanut
ma-), chest, box, trunk, case. (Ar.
oil,
i.e. satta la mafuta ya nazi. (Cf.
Cf. kasha.)
shapo, sira.)
Sauti, n. (1) voice, sound,
Sanjari, adv. also Shanjari,
Shangari, Chinjari, in Indian file, noise, mostly of animals, birds,
in column, following each other, or instruments, not merely of

sound. Toa s., utter a cry. Paaza s.,

raise the voice, speak loud. Kwa
sauti kubwa, with a loud voice.
(Ar. Cf. syn. B. . mlio, which
includes all kinds of sounds, and
uvumi, shindo, ukelele, of loud
sounds.)
Sawa, a. (1) like, alike, equal,
the same; (2) equal, fair,
equitable, just, right; (3) level,
smooth, even, flat, straight. Sawa
na, sawa kama, equal to, like, just
as. Inchi sawa, flat country, a plain.
Fanya sawa, e.g. make equal (cf.
sazvazisha), act fairly. n. like
usawa, likeness, equality, flatness,
&c. Sawa kwa sawa mimi nawe, we
share equally, have half each.
adv. equally, just the same,also
sawasawa. (Ar

.SAWANI8HA
835

SERAKAL

I Cf.

follg., and syn. -moja, yule serve (for), be of use (to), be

fitting
for,
reconcile,
be
reconciled. ?3. selehtwa. Nt.
*Sawanisha, Sawazisha, v. selehika. Ap. seleh-ia, -iwa. Rp.
cause to be like, equal, even, See., selehiana. Cs. seleh is ha, cause to
equalize,
compare.
Ps. agree, reconcile, make peace
sawanishwa. (Ar. Cf. linganisha, between,
conciliate. n.
pambanisha, fatia- ttisha.)
concord, peace, reconciliation,
agreement. (Ar. Cf. mselehishi,
Sayidi, n. (, and via-), also salihi, suluhi, sulu- hi/u, and syn.
Saidi, Seyidi, lord, master, esp.as patanisha.)
a title, and in Z. a title of the
Sultan. But also in respectful
'Solo. n. signal of. arrival or
address, Sayidi wangu (yangu), Sir, departure of a ship. (Cf. Eng. Sail
like bwana. (Ar.)
ho f)
yule, vile vile, &c.)

*Saza, v. Cs. of Saa, v. (which

Sema, v. say, talk, converse,
see). (Ar.)
speak. Serna Sana, speak loud.
Serna rta, talk to, converse with.
*Sazo,n.(/mz-),
remainder, But sema with an objective pers.balance, superfluity. Sazo la pfx. means speak against, abuse
matumizi, credit balance, excess of * (cf. amba, and arubia), e. g. watu
receipts over expenditure. (Ar. Cf. watamsema sana, people will abuse
prec.)
him soundly. Ji- sema (and
jiserrtea), pretend, profess, to be
Sebule. n. (), indoor what one is not. Ps. semwa. Nt.
reception- room, front room, serneka, e. g. be said, admit of
usually next the entrance, but being uttered, pronounced, &c.
sometimes on first floor, e. g. Ap. sern-ea, -ewa, e. g. speak to,
akapanda darini katika slbule yake, address, say to (contr. ambia,
he went upstairs to his parlour. (? which introduces the words used).
Ar. Cf. baraza, which is usually Sevteapuani, speak with a nasal
outside.)
.
twang. Hence se- meana. Cs. semesha, -eshwa, -eza, -ezwa, and hence
*Sehemu, n. (), part, semezana, hold a conversation
portion, piece, share. (Ar. Cf. syn. together, wrangle. Rp. semana,
B. fungu.)
abuse each other.
Sekeneka, v. be syphilized, be
*Semaa wa taa, an Arabic
infected (ruined, destroyed) by sy- phrase sometimes heard,hear
philis. Cs. sekene-sha, -shwa, infect and obey, to hear is to obey.. (Cf.
with syphilis, ruin by disease. (Cf. Hi, taa.)
follg.)
Sembuse, adv. much more,
Sekeneko, n. syphilis.
much less, not to speak of. (Also
as seuze, ? a form of usiuze, i.
Selaha, n. (), and Silaha, a heard
usiulizie, do not ask about. Cf.
weapon,
arms
(warlike, e.
offensive). 7waa (shika) s., take up licha.)
arms. (Ar.)
Seneza, v. and Seza, smooth
an adze), flatten, take off
*Selehi, v. also Suluhi, Salihi, (with
projections,
edges, blunt. Ps.
put in good condition, improve, senezwa. Nt. sertezeka.
(Cf. sezo. Cs.
make agree (with), conduce to,

of sema, become smooth, blunt,

&c., not common in Z.)
Sengenge, n. (wa-), brass or
copper wire,made into rings or
spiral twists, as bracelets and
anklets. Hence of brass wire in
general. (Cf. masango.)
Sengenya, v. calumniate, backbite, attack by secret or underhand
insinuations. Ps. sertgenj'wa. Rp.
seugenyana. (Cf. syn. singizia,
amba.)

*Senturi, n. and Santuri, musical box or similar music machine.

Serahougi. n. (), headman
of a crew, or of part of a crew,
mate, boatswain, serang. (Hind.)
*Serakali, n. (), and Serikali,
Serkali,
official
executive,
government,
court,
public
authorities. Mtu wa s., an official.
Fetha ya s., public money. (Hind.)
Seramala, n. (), and
Semala, a carpenter. (Hind.)
Serifu, v. spend money, pay,
incur expense. Ps. serif wa. Ap.
serif-ia, -iwa, e. g. ameserifia watu
wamfuate, he paid people to take
his side. (Ar. Cf. sarafa, and
syn. gharitnia, wakifu, lipa.)
Serkali, n. See Serakali.
Seruji, n. See Saruji, saddle
of a horse. (Ar.)
Seta, v. (i) crush, squash,
mash, beat up,usually of
things relatively soft, e. g. seta
viazi kwa mwiko, mash potatoes
with a spoon, but also of
pounding ingredients together
in a mortar (cf. mselo). (2)
jostle, press (in a crowd). Ps.
setwa. Nt. seteka. Ap. set-ea,
-ewa. Rp.

set-esha, -eshwa, e. g. huddle

together.
(Cf. twanga, ponda, saga, songa.)
Setiri, v. also Sitiri, and
Stiri, conceal, hide, cover up,
atone for. The deriv. stems
commonly follow stiri. Thus Ps.
stiriwa. Nt. stir- ika. Ap. stir-ia,
-iwa. Cs. stiri-sha, -shwa. (Ar. Cf.
star a, msitiri, and syn. fcha,
funika.)

Sezo, n. (), also Senezo, an

adze. ' (Cf. seneza, and shoka.)
-sha (and -za) is the
characteristic termination of the
causal conjugation of verbs.
For meanings see -za.
Shaaban, n. eighth month of
the Mahommedan year, next
preceding Ramathan, and called
mwezi wa mlisho, i. e. carnival
month. (Ar. Cf. shiba.)
Shaba, n. copper, brass,
also distinguished as shaba
nyekundu, copper; shaba nyeupe,
brass. (?Ar. mixture,a mixed,
alloyed metal.)
Shabaha, n. (), also
Shebaha,
Shabihi,
(1)
similarity, likeness (cf. methali,
mfano); (2) figure, object to
shoot at, target, butt (cf.
sanamu) ; (3) aim (with a
weapon), sight (of a gun). E. g.
twaa sh., take aim, aim;
also piga sk. Fata sh., hit the target,
make a hit. Used as adv., like, the
same as, e. g. nyama shabaha (or,
shabaha ya) rnbwa, an animal like a
dog. (Cf. methali, mfano, kama.)
(Ar. Cf. shabihi.)
*Shabbu, n. alum. (Ar.)
Shabihi, v. and Shebihi, be
like, be analogous to. (Also as n.
for shabaha.) Rp. shalnhiana. (Ar.

for common fanana, lingana.)

Shabuka, n. a snare, a trap.
(Ar. net, cf. mtego.)
Shada, n. (, and ma-),
parcel, bunch, cluster,of things
fastened together, e. g. of flowers,
a nosegay, also a tuft, a tassel, a
rosette, a string of beads. Dim.
kishada.
(Ar.)
Shaha, n. (ma-), also Shehe,
Sheki, (1) head, headman, chief
councillor,used sometimes as
the title of the officer ranking next
to a chief, i.e. waziri or prime
minister; (2) heart, pith,of a
cocoanut tree, the crown from
which the leaves and flower
spring (cf. kilele). (Ar. Cf. shekel)
Shahada, n. (), (1) the .Mahommedan creed, confession of
faith ; (2) bond, covenant, deed of
ratification, e. g. wahaandikiana
shahada, they executed a deed. Cf.
kidole cha sh., the fore-finger.
Majiya shahada,
water used
ceremonially at a funeral. (Ar. Cf.
shahidi, ushuhnda.)

Shahamu, n. (), fat, lard,

grease, i.e. animal fat. (Ar. Cf.
mafuta, also nona, nenepa.)
Shahawa, n. semen. (Ar. Cf.

manil)

Shahidi, n. (ma-), one who attests or guarantees, a witness, an

authority, a martyr. (Ar. Cf. shahada, ushahidi, shuhudia.)
Shaibu, used sometimes in the
(Arabic) expression shaibu la juzi, a
very old woman. (Ar. * greyhaired.* Cf. kizee, kikongwe. Juzi
for Ar. ajuz, old, decrepit woman.)
Shairi, n. (ma-), a line of poetry, a
verse, usu. in plur. verses, poetry,
song, a poem. Tunga mashairi

compose verses. (Ar. Cf. mshairi,

also utenzi, bcti. Dist. shayiri, barley.

SHAtTKO

SHARIA

*Shaka, n. (ma-), trouble,

doubt, perplexity, difficulty, ,
danger, crisis. Usu. in plur., e. g.
-wa na mashaka, be in doubt; so and stare, be dumbfoundered
shikwa na (ona, kuta, ingid) mashaka. (with wonder, horror, &c.), be
Tia mashaka, cause trouble, dazed. Cs. shanga-za, -zwa,
perplex, &c. Mashaka t)te- ngi, a astonish, strike with wonder,
troublesome business. (Ar. Cf. terrify, &c. (Cf. mshangao, ajabti,
shuku, and syn. taabu, mata/a,
shidda, hatari,fathaa, uthia, thiki.)

toshewa,
bumbttazi.)

fathatka,

pigwa

*Shalaka, n. small hole in the

Shangazi, n. (wa-), fathers
gunwale of a boat for securing sister,
the loop of rope (kishwara) used as mdogo.)paternal aunt. (Cf. mama
a rowlock. (Ar. Also (?) a knot or
loop secured by a peg.)
Shangilia, v. make rejoicings
at), shout or sing with joy
*Shali, n. a shawl. (Ar., (for,
and
triumph,
make
whence the Eng. word.)
demonstrations of enthusiasm,
Ps. sha- ngiliwa, e.
Sham, n. Syria. Beale ya Sham, congratulate.
be received with triumph
an Austrian silver dollar. Bahari g.
(rejoicings,
congratulations).
ya Sham, the Red Sea.
(Cf. follg. and shattgwe, and syn.
Shamari, n. fennel. (Ar.)

ambia heri,
furahia.)

Shamasi, n. See Shemaai.

Shangilio,
rejoicing,
congratulation.

Shamba, n. (ma-), (i) a piece of

ground having an owner, an
estate small or large, a
plantation, farm, garden, a plot
of cleared or cultivated land; (2)
country, as opp. to town (mji),
and in this sense treated similarly
as a proper noun, e. g. cnda
shamba, go into the country; toka
sh., come from the country;
shindash., live in the country. Mtu
wa shamba, a rustic, a peasant. Cf.
kimashamba, countrified, boorish,
of language, manners, &c.
Shambulia, v. attack, make an
inroad (incursion, invasion, war)
upon, rush violently on. Ps.
shambuliwa. (Cf. follg. and syn.
pigia (letea, (olea), vita ( jcuri).)

pigia

n.

ifigelegele,

(wa-),
triumph,
(Cf.

prec.)
Shangwe,
n.
rejoicing,
demonstration of joy (triumph,
enthusiasm). (Cf. shangilia.)
Shani, n. a startling (rare,
unlooked-for)
thing
or
occurrence, a , wonder, a
novelty,
a
curiosity,
an
adventure, a sudden mishap,
accident. E. g. patwa na s., have
an accident, meet with an
adventure. Ngtto ya s., fine, new
clothes, latest fashion. Mambo
hayo si shani, that is no wonder,
nothing to be surprised at. (Ar.
Cf. mwujiza, ajabti, kitisho.)

Sh&mbulio, n. (wa-) also

TXsha- xnbulio, sudden attack,
rush, incursion. (Cf. prcc.)

Shanjari, adv. See Sanjari.

Shamili, n. (wa-), an carornament. (Ar.)

Shapo, n. usu. in plur.

Shamua,

v. sneeze,

sniff.

Shanuo, n. See Chanuo.

mashapo (which see).

Sharabeti, n. sherbet. (Ar.)
Sharabu, n. (wa-), also Shawarabu, Sherabu, moustache.
(Ar.)
Sharafa, n. sharafa la ndevu,
mlevu sa sharafa, (?) long flowing
whiskers and beard. (Ar. Cf.
-sharifu.)

Shari, n. evil, malice, ill luck,

disaster, adversity. Opp. to heri.
Mtu wa shari, an evilly disposed,
malicious, dangerous person.
Jahasi ya >r., an unlucky vessel.
Hawana shari na wageni, they do
not molest strangers. Taka s., defy,
challenge. Nimekuja kukutaka shari,
I havecome to bid you defiance.
Mtaka shari simwepi, I do not refuse
a challenge. Mambo ya s.,
adversity. (Ar. Cf. ukorofi,jeuri.)
*Sharia, n. (), also Sheria
(which see). (Ar.)
*-sharifu, a. {sharifu with D 4
(P), D 5 (S), D 6), honourable,
respectable, noble, excellent. (Ar.
Cf. usharifu, and syn. azizi, mashuhuri, bora.)

*Sharika, n. (, and ma-), also

Shirika, partnership, action in
common,
common
interest,
communion. E. g. ntajitia shirikani,
I will go shares. Mali yetu ni
'sharika, we are joint owners of
our property. Also as adv., in
common, together, in partnership.
Fanya kazi sharika, share a job.
Tumia sh., use in common. (Ar. Cf.
.follg.)
Shariki, v. and Shiriki, (1)
share, have a share in, take part
in, be partners (in), be associated
(with), act together, do in
common, e. g. shariki njaa, come
in for a share of famine;
sharikikalika biashara, form a
commercial
partnership
(company, joint-stock business).
(2) be intimately connected with,
be devoted to, be addicted to, e. g.
sh. kazi, be heart and soul in a
work; sh. ulevi {uzinzi), be a
confirmed drunkard (profligate);
sh. moyo, give the rein to ones
desires, be an utter sensualist; sh.
chuo, be a diligent student; sh.
sanamu, be an idolater. Also (3) in
a deeper sense, of intimate communion,
self-identification,

SHARIA

communion of spirit and nature,

with an object, e. g. shiriki
Muungu, lead a wholly devoted,
saintly, religious life,also, share
the divine nature (understood by
Mahommedans as a wholly
blasphemous claim). Sh. shetani,
be of a diabolic temperament, a
sinner of the worst kind. Ps.
sharikiwa, be shared, &c. Nt.
sharikika. Ap. sharikia, e. g. take
part in, give a share to, associate
with. Cs. shariki-sha, -shwa, e. g.
cause (invite, allow, help) to
share in, give a share to, &c.
Rp.- sharikiana. (Ar. Cf. prec.
and usharika, msharika, shirika,
and for sharing generally,
gawanya, cneza, twaa fungu, or
sehemu, &c.)
Sharti, n. (, and ma-), also
Sharuti, Shuruti, (1) necessity,
obligation (actual, practical, rather
than moral), absence of choice;
(2) binding contract, terms,
conditions, clause of a legal
document; (3) . wager, bet. S.
kwenda (or, uende), you must go,
you have to go. Fanya J ., make a
contract, bind oneself. Maneho ya
s., peremptory, uncontrovertible
language. Akataka sharli yake
kuondoka, he wanted to go in spite
of everything, because he had to.
Kwa masharli, under conditions,
conditionally. Wekana jnasharti,
shindana (pigana) kwa masharli,
engage in betting, lay wkgers.
(Ar.
Cf.
lazimu,farathi,juzu,
mkataba.)

Shashi, n. a kind of muslin.

Shasira, n. and Shazia, a
long copper or brass needle,
used in making mats and
mattresses. (? Ar. prick of a
thorn.)
Shati, n. an English shirt or
similar short garment. (From
the Eng. Cf. koti, sitoki, fullanal)

SHAtTKO

Shatoruma, n. shawl worn as

waistband (Str.). (Cf. mshipi,
mahazam u, masombo.)
Shaua, v. excite desire, and
esp. de* sire which is not
gratified, and so (1) make a
display, show off; and(2) deceive,
disappoint,
delude,
flatter, often as Rf.jishaua, e. g.
(1) make a useless show, be
silly (lackadaisical, frivolous,
flirty), and (2) be disappointed,
have a sense of failure. No
deriv. stems commonly used.
(Cf. follg.)
-shaufu,
a.
showy,
pretentious; affected. (Cf. prec.
and ushaufu.)
Shauko, n. (), strong desire
(affection, wish, fondness,
liking), sexual passion. E. g. kuna

shauku ya kiiu chema au ya kitu

kibaya, i. e. shauku is applicable to

good and bad

objects. Nina shatiku naye, I am

greatly attached to him. Shatthi ya
kuzungumza, passionate fondness
for amusement Shauku nyingi huondoa maarifa, strong desire overrides prudence. . (Ar. Cf. ashiki,
and syn. habba, mapenzi, ttgoa,
tamaa.)

ally a square of black silk,

worn over the head by Arab
women out of doors. Also
called shela mdeusia, i.e. a black
silk veil. Also,.a sword-game,
Shauri,n. (, and ma-), (i) fencing (Sacl:). (?Ar. Cf. utaji,
plan, design; (2) advice, counsel; dusumali.)
(3) discussion, debate. E. g.fanya
shauri,
consider,
deliberate,
*Shelabela, adv. in a lot,
consult, hold a council, form a with all defects, just as they
plan. Toa {-pa) s., offer (give) are, indiscriminately. (?Ar.)
advice, lay down a plan. Uliza s.,
*Shemali, n. (1) the left
ask ad vice. Mwenyi s., mtu wa
mashauri rnengi, a wise, resource- (hand); (2) the north (quarter);
ful, clever man. Hana shauri, he is (3) north wind, mist, fog. (Ar.
shiftless, helpless, sheepish. v. not usual in Z. Cf. kushoto,
ask counsel, consult. Ps. shattriwa. Jdbla, kaskazil)
Cs. shauri-sha, -shwa, e. g. cause to
*Shema8i, n. (wa-), a
seek advice, get advice for.. Rp.
shauriana, consult together. (Ar. deacon. (Ar. Cf. kasisi.)
Cf. mshauri.)
.
,
Shembea, n. a curved knife.
Shtivu. n. (///a-), also Chavu, (? Ar., or variant of jarnbia
Chafu, (1) cheek, i. e. shavu la uso\ (which see), and cf. hisu,
(2) biceps, muscle of arm, i.e. s. la kotama.)
mkotto; (3) calf of leg, i. e. s. la
Shemegi, n. (wa-), also
tnguu. Also s. la satnaki, gill of a
a
relation
by
fish; s. la jogoo, wattles of a cock. Shemeji,
marriage,usually of the first
Shawishi, v. and Shaushi, degree, i. e. wifes (or
persuade, coax, entice, tempt, husbands) brother or sister,
allure. Ps. shawishiwa. Ap. shaush- brother-in-law, sister-in-law.
ia, -iwa. (?Ar. confuse, perplex, cf.
Sheraa, n. See Sheria. And
tashwishi, and syn. vuta.)
for Sherafa, Sherabeti, see
Sharafa, Sharabeti. (Ar.)
Shayiri, n. barley. (Ar.)
Sherehe,
Shazaai, n. sal-ammoniac. (?
Usherehe,
Ar.)
*Shazia, n. Sec Shasira.
*Shebaha, Shebihi. Sec Shabaha.

n.

(),

and

( 1 ) show, pomp, display;

(2)
demonstrations,
rejoicings, cheers, triumph. (Cf. shangwe,
kigelegele.)

Shehe, n. (ma-), also Sheki,

Sheria, n. (), also Sharia,
elder, chief, ruler, teacher, an imlaw,
a
law,
portant or powerful person. (Ar. Sheraa,
Cf. also shaha, and syn. mkubwa, Mahommedan law, a law court,
judicial proceedings. Sh. ya
rnzee, mwalimu, m/a Intel)
chuo} written, or statute, law.
Shehona, n. (), cargo, Sh. ya inchi, laws of the land.
freight, load. (Ar. Cf. follg.)
Peleka sfuriani, prosecute.
Enda sheriatii, go to law,
Sheheni, n. have cargo on
board, be loaded up,of a ship.,

litigate.

SHARIA

Cf. amriy desturi.)

Shorizi, n. (), glue.

(Ar.
(Ilind.

serish.)

Shotani, n. (wa-), (1) nn evil

spirit, demon, devil, Satan; (2)
that which suggests supernatural
power, whether evil, or simply
incomprehensible, c. g. (a) a
clever
dodge,
great
skill,
conjuring; (3) epilepsy, fits,
hysteria. (Ar. Ci. jin 1, pepol)
*8hotri, n. poop, stern part,of
a vessel. Opp. to gube/i, omo, prow,
bow, forepart. (Ar. Cf. tesil)
Slubn, v. (1) have enough to
cat 2

SHAtTKO

or drink, have a full meal, be

satisfied with food ; (2)
sometimes used fig. of being
wholly filled with, and so under
the influence of something, e. g.
shiba Muungu, be wholly given up
to worship and religion, be a
devotee. Ap. shib-ia, -iwa. . Cs.
shib-iska, -ishwa. n. (), also
Shibe, fullness, satiety, repletion,
completion, finishing touch.* E.
g. shibe ya nyama, a full meal of
meat. Njaa si bora kuliko shiba,
hunger is not better than a good
meal. Shiba ya ngao ni kilemba, a
turban is full dress. (Ar. Cf.
shaaban.)

*Shibiri, n. a span, from thumb

to little finger of the open hand,
about 9 inches, half a cubit
(mkono, thiraa). (Ar.)
Shidda, n. trouble, difficulty,
want,
scarceness,
rarity,
something hard to get. Patwa na s.}
-wa na s., ingia s., get into trouble
or distress. Kitu hiki ni shidda
knonekana, this article is seldom to
be seen. Kwa shidda, with
difficulty,
scarcely,
hardly,
seldom, unlikely. (Ar. Cf. taabn,
thiki, msiba.)

order. S, lako, Imperat., mind your

own business. S. kwenda, resolve
to go. S. nya- maza, persevere in
silence. S. mgeni, welcome
(receive, entertain) a guest. S. bei,
hold out for a price, haggle,
bargain. Nitakayokuambia, nawe
shika, what I say to you, mind you
attend to. Masika imeshika, the
rainy season is in full force. Njaa
inashika, famine is prevalent. Vita
inashika, war is being waged. Shika
ras, keep to (i. e. steer for, make
for) the cape. Shika miguu ya,
salute, pay honour to, submit to,
become the slave of (cf. shikamti).
. Ps. shikwa, e. g. shikwa na homa,
have an attack of fever. S. na deni,
be pressed with debt. Nimeshikwa
kwa Sultani, I am in difficulties
with the Sultan. Nt. shikika, e. g.
maji hayashikiki, water cannot be
grasped in the hand. Ap. shik-ia,
-iwa, e. g. hold by, hold on to, hold
for (at, by, in), e.g. kamba ya
kushikia, a rope to hold by.
Kushikhva fetha, to have money
held for one, i. e. in the hands of
trustees. Hence shik-ilia,
-iliwa, e.g. hold on to (in some
special way), with Cs. shikil-iza,
-izwa, e.g. tack (in sewing),' make

hold fast, &c., and a further Rp.

shikilizana, e.g. encourage each
other to hold on, persevere, &c.
Cs. shik-iza, -izwa, e. g. cause to
hold, give into the hand's of, make
hold, make fast (firm, tight),
fasten, prop, keep in place. Shikiza
tiyumba, prop up 3. house. Shikiza
mlango, secure the door. Shikiza
mkono, guide the hand, e. g. of a
young scholar writing. Hence
shikiz-ia, -iwa. Rp. shikana, e.g.
hold each other, be friends,
grapple, form connexion with.
(Cf. follg. and shikizo, also syn.

Shika, v. have in the hand,

hold, hold fast, take hold of, keep
hold on, seize, grasp, keep. A
common word with a wide range
of application, e.g. (1) get a hold
on, press hard on, be on the mind,
put in difficulties; (2) keep a hold
on, persevere in ; (3) hold to, keep
to, observe, remember, attend to,
obey; (4) determine, resolve,
make up the mind to ; (5) also as kamata.)
aNt., have a hold,prevail,be
urgent. E. g. s. njia, take to the
Shikamana, v. St. Rp. form of
road, start, proceed, keep to shika, i. e. be in a state of firmly'
(follow) a road S. amri, obey an holding together, be firm, set,

SHARIA

hard, e.g. of mortar. Ushikwapo

shikamana,when you are held tight,
hold on tight yourself. Cs.
shikaman-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. shika,
ma-, -mana.)

Shikamuu (also shortened into

Shikamu, Shikam, Kamu, and
even Kam), a common salutation
used by a slave, woman, or
dependant, to a superior,i.e. your
humble servant. In full, nashika
miguu yako, I hold your feet,as a
sign of inferiority and submission

SHAtTKO

.Shikio, n. ([ma-), a thing to

hold by, handle, (in a ship)
rudder. Mshiki shikio, steersman.
Mashikio ya hi- kapu, handles of a
basket. (Cf. shika, and follg., and
syn. msukatti. Sikio, * ear, is
sometimes pronounced shikio.')
Shikizo, n. (/-), fastening,
wedge,
prop,used
for
securing something lirmly. (Cf.
shika, shikio.)

(adtti) vitani, be victorious (over

enemies) in war. S. kazi (or,
katika kazi), carry on work, go on
working. S. na njaa, continue
hungry, endure famine. S.
shamba, pay a visit in (stay in)

the country, at a country

residence. Amclnvettda shinda, he
has gone away for a time (for
the day, for a visit, for a picnic).
Maji yashinda kisimani, water is left

in the well, i. e. there is still some

*Shilamu, n. stem of a pipe, left. Kushinda jana, used for day
leading from the water-bowl to before yesterday, i. e. continuing
the mouthpiece. See Kiko.
over or past yesterday. Ps. shittdwa, e. g. nimeshindwa, it was too
Shimbika, v. prepare a hook much for me, I could not do it. Nt.
for fishing, tie fast the hook and skindika, e. g. be conquered, &c.,
bait to the line.
as above, but also more
commonly in other and apparently
Shimbiko, n. (i) a tying fast different senses, perh. from
(as prec.); (2) thread used for another root. See Shind- ika
securing the hook to the line.
below. Ap. shind-ia, -iwa. The form
shindilia seems also different in
Shime, n. (), and Simo, a meaning. See below and cf.
short straight sword, with blade shindika. Cs. shind-isha, -ishwa, and
broadened out near the pointed shind-isa, -izzva, e. g. cause to
end. Also used as a cry for help conquer, help to excel, cause to
in danger. (Cf. upattga, and remain. Thus shindisha nyumbani,
kiyowe.)
receive as a visitor, take in as
Also apparently with a
Shimo, n. (ma-), pit, hole, lodger.
intensive force, maji ya
cavity, hollow, excavation, special
a flood, inundation, and
used very generally, of small kushindiza,
deriv. Nt. shindizika, of a knife or
and large holes, mines, quarries, acrowbar
getting spoilt for use by
graves, pitfalls, tunnels, inside work, blupted.
Rp. shinda na, e. g.
of a vessel, &c. Dim. kishimo. try to overcome
each other,
(Cf.
iundu,
chimbo,pango, contend, be rivals,
dispute,
mvungu.)
compete. Shitidana sawasawa, be
Hence shittd-ania,
Shina, n. (ma-), root, stem of well matched.
strive about (for, against,
a tree,including all parts, -aniwa,
&c.), e. g. sh.fetha, wager,
from the tnisizi, rootlets, to the with,
Sh.
maneno,
oppose,
matawi, branches. (Cf. gogo, of bet.
a statement. Sh. mtungi,
tree cut down, and bua, stem of contradict,
compete for (or, win by a
some plants.)
struggle) a water-jar. Also shindShinda, v. (1) overcome, anisha, -anishwa, be matched, set to
conquer, subdue ; (2) surpass, fight (compete, &c.). Also
excel, be first (best), win ; (3) shindaniano, e. g. sh. kima, compete
be over, be left, remain; (4) pass as to price, bid against each other
time, keep on, continue, stay for for something. (Cf. follg. and
shinda.
mshindo,
a time (nt), stop (in). E. g. s. shindamana,

SHIKIO

341

SHINDA

mshindi, mshindo, &c. It seems that follg. and shindua, also shinishind-, or st'nd-, has two (or three) kizo, ?for shindikizo.)

distinct root meanings, viz. (1)

Shindikizo, n. (;ma-), and Sinisurpass, (2) apply force, (3)
continue. Sec Shindo, Shinda, kizo, (1) forcible pressure; (2) a
pressing
or crushing machine, e.
Shindika, Shindilia, &c.)
g. oil-press, sugar-mill. (Cf. prec.)
Shinda, n. (ma-), remainder,
Shindilia, v. press, press down,
residue, c. g. shinda la mtungi
(hints), what is left in the jar 'esp. of ramming a charge home,
(mortar), a large remainder being loading a gun, i.e. sh. bunduki. Cf.
shinda zirna (kuu, la kujaa). Gunia hii shindilia chakula, stuff food into
Ps. shindijiwa.
tti shinda, this sack is. partly full. the mouth.
Mtungi

Nt. shindilika.
u shinda ya maji, the jar has some with
water in it.

Shindamana, v. be firmly
pressed together, be compact,
fixed' fast, i.e. be in a state of
being forced together. Ap.
shindaman-ia, -iwa. Cs. sJiindamani-ska, -shwa. (Cf. shindika,
shikamana, fungamana, and-mana.)

(Connected

root of shindika. Cf. shindo.)

Shindo, n. {ma-), used to
describe a sudden, forcible,
striking act, movement, effect, or
sound, e. g. shock, jerk, blow,
bump, outburst, rush, dash, crash,
beat, bang, loud report,

-shindani,
a.
rivalling, spasm, fit. E. g. alisikia shindo
competing, opposing, contesting. linakuja njiani, he heard a noise
approaching in the road. Ukatoka
(Cf. shinda, mshindani, ushindani.)
shindo mji wote, the whole town
Shindano, n. (mar), struggle, was out in a moment. Enda kwa
competition, race, trial of ma- shindo, trot,of a horse. (Cf.
strength, &c. (Cf. shinda, and dist.
shinda, mshindo, kishindo, shindika.)
sind- ano, needle.)
Shindua, v. and Sindua, take
Shindika, v. (i) Nt. of Shinda off pressure, unfasten; esp. of a
(which see, and. note), (2) also door, set ajar, set open. Shindua
Sindika, apply force to,but maneno, give vent to utterance,
mostly with special senses, e. g. make an opening statement,and
shindika mafuta, extract oil by so with akili. Ps. shinduliwa. Nt.
pressure. Sh. miwa, crush sugar- shinduka, e. g. maji yameshinduka,
canes. Sh. mlango, partly close a the tide has retreated. Ap. shimludoor, close but not fasten, set ajar, lia, liwa, e. g. open (a door) for a
opp. to shindua (sindua) mlango. person. (Cf. shinda, and the words
Ap. shindik-ia, -iwa, e. g. kinu cha following it. Obs. that shindika,
ku- shindikia, a crushing mill, i. e. shindua seem identical with
oilmill,
sugar-mill.
Cs. zindika,
zindua,
and
their
shindikizai e. g. (1) intens. like derivatives (which see),meanshindika. (2) in special sense, ing inaugurate, open, &c., and
attend a departing friend or guest which nevertheless are commonly
to the door, go with him a little heard with z rather than s initial.)
way, see off, give a send-off to
Shingo, n. {ma-), (1) neck; (2)
(cf. safirisha, and laki, of going to
meet an arriving friend). (Cf. objects resembling a neck, e.g. an

isthmus. Also fig. of hard

unyielding temper, e. g. mwenyi
shingo gumu,

\ stiff-necked person.

Shinikizo, n. {ma-), also Sinikizo, (1) pressing, crushing,

pulping;
( 2 ) a machine or mill for
suph work, i. e. oil-mill,
sugar-mill, &c. (Perh.
for
shindikizo.
Cf.
shindika.)

Shirika, Shiriki. See Sharika,

Shariki.
#

Shisha, n. a kind of sand-glass

for measuring time, used in native
vessels.
Shiti, n. {ma-), printed calico
piece-goods, prints,sold mostly
in Z. for womens dresses. (Cf.
kisuto, nguo, kanga '.)

Shoga, n. friend,a term of

endearment or familiarity between
women in Z. (Cf. jamaa, dada,
somo.)
Shogi, n. {ma-), also Sogi, a
pannier, a pack-saddle, a large
matting bag slung over a donkeys
back, and open across the middle.
Shogoa, n. forced
corvee.
Tia
katika
requisition.

labour,

shogoa,

Shoka, n. (ma-), an axe. Shoka la

bapa, an adze. Dim. kishoka. (Cf.
sczo.)
SHIKIO
341

Shona, v. sew,.make (or,

mend) by sewing. Used of
shoemaking as well as tailoring,
and all kinds of sewing. Ps.
shortwa. Nt. shoneka. Ap. shon-ca,
-ewa, e. g. sew for (frith, in). Cs.
shon-tsha, -eshwa, e.g. employ to
sew. (Cf. nishorti, shonua, and also
bartdi, * ponta, shulu.)

Shonde, n. (wa-), (i) dung of

animals; (2) dried cake of dung,
used as fuel (SacL).
Shonua, v. unsew, undo
sewing. Nt. shonuka. Ap. shonu-lia,
-liwa. (Cf. shona.)
Shoti, n. gallopof a horse.

SHINDA

a muscle (tendon). (Cf. tegua,

Uguka.)

Shua, v. let down, lower,

commonly of launching a boat
or ship into the water. Ps.
shuliwa. Nt. shuka, (1) go down,
come down, descend, alight,
disembark, land ; (2) be
lowered, depressed, humbled,
degraded. Shuka juu, come
downstairs. Shuka 'pwani, land
on the beach, go down to the
shore (coast). Hence shukia,
shukiwa. Ap. shu-lia, -liwa, e. g.
vitu vya kushulia, launching
apparatus.
Cs. shusha,

Piga shoti, cnda kwa shoti, gallop, v. shushwa, let down, throw down,
Kumpiga shoti frasi, to gallop a put ashore, discharge (cargo,
horse, to make it gallop. Also &c.). Shusha pumuzi, breathe
out, exhale. Jishusha moyo,
piga shoti katika frasi.
humble oneself. Hence shushShoto, n. left-hand, left- ia, -iwa, e. g. shushiwa tnvua,
handedness. Ana shoto, he is left- have rain sent down on one.
handed. Kushoto, left-hand side, (Cf. mashtta, and syn. angua,
-a kushoto, on the left-hand side. inama.)
Also as adj. -shoto, left-handed,
*Shubaka,n. (rna-), small
e.g. upandc wa mkono mshoto, on
the left side. (Cf. opp. kuumc, and window, light-hole, loop-hole,
port-hole, embrasure. In Z.
Arab, shcmali, opp. to yamini.)

Shtaka,
n.
(ma-),
also
Mshtaka, accusation, charge,
complaint, prosecution. (Ar. C
follg.)
Shtaki, v. accuse, charge,
complain of, prosecute. Ps.
shtakiwa. Nt. shtakika. Ap. shtak-ia,
-iwa, c g. akamshtakia baba habari za
fovakc, she. complained to her
father ahout her home. Rp.
shtakiana. Cs. shtak-isha, -ishwa.
(Ar. Cf. mshtaka, mshtaki, and
prec. Also dai.)

sometimes
a
blind
window,.window-like recess in
a wall (cf. dirisha, window ;
mwangaza, light-hole). (Ar. an
aperture fitted with lattice, or
trellis-work, cf. shabuka, net.)
Shudu, n. (tna-), refuse of
seed after it has been crushed
for oil, oilcake.
Shufaka, n. anxious care,
fear, awe, pity. (Ar. not
common, cf. hofu, huruma.)

*Shug^iuli, n. (), also

Shtua, v. also Stua, and Si- Shuhuli,
tua, (1) put out of place, move ( 1 ) business,
occupation,
suddenly or violently, sprain,
absence of leisure,
strain, e.g. shua mguu, sprain the
engagements;
(2)
ankle. (2) startle, surprise, shock.
trouble, worry, anxiety.
Nt. shtuka, be sprained, be
Ana sh., he is busy,
startled (alarmed, shocked). Cs.
shtusha, shtushwa, e. g. shtusha

engaged.

Opp.

to

mchezo,faragha, e. g.
hatukuja
kuchcza,
tumekuja krva shughuli,

wc did not come to

play, wc arc here for
business. Shughuli sa
inchi, public affairs. (Ar.
Cf. follg. and syn. kazi,
ruarnbo.)

Bhughulika, v. be busy (engaged,

occupied), have ones hands full,
be harassed, hard-worked. (Cs.
shu- ghuli-sha, -shwa,occupy, give
trouble to, take up the time of,
&c. Jishu

trouble oneself, be
nervous, also, pretend to be
busy, make excuses (for putting
off, not attending
to a case). (Ar.
SHUHUDA
344
SHTJTUMU
Cf. prec., and ushuru.)
-plait of hair, tress, crest,
forelock. Shungi mbili, hair
*Shuhuda, n. (ma-), testimony, dressed in two large plaits or
evidence, witness. (Ar. Cf. follg. rolls. (2) used of the hair-like
and shahidi, ushuhuda.)
silky growth or beard on the ear
of some kinds of grain,
*Shuhudu, y. bear witness, maize, millet, &c. Shungi la taa,
testify, give evidence,but usu. a flaring lamp. Taa inatoa shungi,
in the Ap. form. Ap. shukud-ia, the lamp flares. (Cf. kishungi,
-iwa, -ika, attest, confirm, give also songo, suko, sokoto, panja.)
evidence (about, for, against,
&c.). Cs. shuhud-isha, -ishwa, e. g.
Shupaa, v. (1) be hard, firm,
call to witness. Also intens. bear well set, compact; (2) be stiff,
emphatic witness. (Ar. Cf. prec., obstinate,
unyielding,
and shahidi, shahada, ushuhuda.)
peremptory. Shupaa kwa maneno,
affirm with urgency, insist. Cs.
*Shujaa, n. (ma-), a brave shupaza, harden, render tough,
man, warrior, hero, champion. firm,
strong,also,
make
(Ar. Cf. ushujaa.)
obstinate. Rp. shupana, be
strong, well-compacted, stiff,
Shuka, v. Nt. of Shua (which unyielding, obstinate, &c. (Cf.
see).
follg., and cf. kaza, -wa -gumu.)
*Shuka, n. (ma-), a piece of
-shupafu, a. (same with D 4
calico about two yards long, (P), D 5 (S), D 6), (1) firm,
worn as a loincloth ; in compact, well-knit, tough; (2)
commerce, grey scarves. Shuka la bigoted, unyielding, &c. (Cf.
kitanda, a sheet. As a measure, prec., and syn.
one fathom (pima). (Ar. Cf. .doti,
ghulisha,

pima.)

-gumu')

n. (ma-), a narrow
Shuke, n. als^Suke (which stripShupatu,
of plaited grass or leaf,
see).
used for lacing bedsteads, or
*Shukrani,
n.
gratitude, sewn together for mats, bags,
thanksgiving,
thanks.
(Ar. &c.
Ci.shuhtru.)

*Shuku, v. be doubtful, feel

scruples, suspect. No deriv. stems
common. Ap. shuk-ia, -iwa, feel
doubts about, &c. (but dist. same
from shuka, shua). n. (), suspicion, presentiment, doubt,
scruple. (Ar. Cf. shaka, and syn.
tuhumu, thania.)
*Shukuru, v. (i) thank, give
thanks (to), be grateful ; (2) take
comfort, leave off mourning or
grieving, be resigned, become
contented. Sh. Muungu is esp.
common in this latter sense,
passive acquiescence in things
bad and good. n. (ma-),
expression of gratitude, thanks.

*Shura, n. saltpetre. (Hind.)

Shurua, n. measles.
*Shuruti, v. compel, oblige,
but seldom in simple form.
Ps.shurutiwa,
e.
g.
haikushurutiwa kutoa fetha, there
was no obligation to pay. Cs.
shuruti-sha, -shwa, put pressure
on, order peremptorily, press
with argument, force, compel.
Rp. shurutiana, make terms or
conditions with each other, bind
each other, wager, bet. n.
(ma-), also Sharuti, Sharti
(which see). (Ar. Cf. sharti, and
syn. lazimu, juzu, bidi.)

Shusha, v. Cs. of Shua (which

see).
Shuta, v. break wind. (Cf.

shuzi, and jamba.)

Shutumu, v. upbraid, reproach,

revile, scold. E. g. watu wanishutumu ubaya bilashi, people upbraid
me for wickedness without cause.

SHUHUDA

344

SHTJTUMU

Si-, in verbs is a pfx. of negation, in

(1) 1 Person Sing. Indicative, always
Ps. shututniwa. Nt. shutumika. Ap. initial, e. g. siotti, I do not see, sikuja, I
shutum-ia, -iwa. Cs. shutumi- ska, did not coinc. (a) all persons of the
~skwa. Rp. shutumiana. n. (w-), Subjunctive
(Imperative)
Mood,
reproach, railing, abuse. (Ar. Cf. syn.

laumu, suta, singizia.)

Shusi, n.

(wa*), breaking wind.

Fathili ya punda tti mashuzi, i.e.
nothing worth having to be had from a
donkey. (Cf. shuta.)
Shwari, n. a calm, calm weather.
(Ar.)

Si, ( i ) adv. of negation, but

always with a word following,
which it qualifies,never as an
independent negation, no (which
is sio, sivyo). Si mimi, not I. Si mrefu,
not tall, &c. Si attaches itself so
closely to the word qualified, as
often not only to negative it, but
to reverse more or less entirely its
meaning. Thus si vetna means
badly, as well as not well. Si
lazimti kwettda, it is necessary not
to go. (And so in some verbs, e. g:
sitaki, I want not to, I decline,
sipcndi,
I dislike.) Si in
comparisons indicates the less
preferable member, rather than,
c. g. jirani ya karibu si ndugti wa
mbali, a neighbour at hand is
better than a brother far off. Si is
commonly combined with ( i ) the
Personal pronouns, e.g. sirni, siye,
sinyi, sio (si wao); (2) the relative
form of person-pfxs., e.g. sio,
sicho, sizo, sivyo. Sio and sivyo arc
commonly used as an independent
adv. of negation, i.e. no, not so*
(cf. hakuna, hapana, Id).
Si is
used with
verbs to form the Negative
Imperative only, e. g. si piga
(pigeni), do not strike. (2) as a
verb-form, si is the negative
connective corresponding to ni, i.
e. * is not, arc not, for all
persons, Sing, and Ilur., e. g. woo
si waiumwa, they arc not slaves.
See Ni.

following the subjective personpfx., e. g. nisione, that I may not,

see. Usimpige, do not strike him.
(3) the relative form of the
Negative Conjugation, e.g. asiye,
he who is not. Nisichokupa, that
which I did not give you. (4)
sometimes with -ja, -nge-, -ngali-,
e. g. tusijaisha, wasingekwenda, for
the
common
haiujaisha,
hawangckwenda.

Siafu, n. (), a well-known

reddish-brown kind of ant, which
travels in large swarms, attacks all
living creatures alike, and bites
fiercely. (Cf. chungu.)
*Siagi, n. butter, cream. (?Ar.

sayig, cf. samli, mafuia.)

Siara, n. (wa-), and Ziara

(which see), grave, burial place.
Masiara, cemetery. (Ar. zuru, ziura.
Cf. kaburi. See Zuru.)
;

Sibiri, n. for (1) shibiri, a span

( 2 ) subiri (which see), an
aloe.

Sibu, v. treat badly, damage,

ruin, bring trouble on. (Arab. Cf.
msiba, and subu.)
*Sifa, n. (), (1) praise, commendation, flattery; applause; (2)
character,
reputation,
fame,
characteristic. Sifa zake ttjema, he
is well spoken. The following is a
character of a popular chief, Mtu
mwenyi akili tta nuruma, asiye na
choyo, msemaji sana, mwenyi ttkali
Sana, awezaye kivenda rnchana kwa

usiku, asiye na kiburi na watu, a man

able, kind-hearted, not grasping,

eloquent, brave and resolute, nn
untiring walker, and one who
treats all alike with courtesy. (Ar.
meaning * quality, adjective.* Cf.
sifu, and syn. himidi, hamdi, and for
character, tabia, rnoyo.)
Sifanja, Sifunja, Sifongo, n. a
sponge. (Variants of the Ar.sifunji)
*SiAi, v. praise, commend,
flatter, recommend. Also sifu mno,
flatter. Jisifu, brag, boast.
(Cf.
jiona,

jivnna, jigumba.)
Ps. sifivoa.
Nt. sifika. Ap.stfia,-iwa. (Ar. Cf.
sifa, majisifu.)

Sifuri, n. (), also Sifri, Sifuru, (l) brass; (2) a cipher,

nought, zero. (Ar. for brass, .cf.
sufuria, and syn. shaba,for zero,
Ar. (?) sifr, empty.)

*Sihi,
v.
beg
humbly,
supplicate, beseech, intreat. Ps.
sihiwa. Nt. sihika, e. g. be placable,
not: inexorable, open to appeal. (?
Ar. cry loud, call, cf. omba,
lalama.')

*Sihiri, v. bewitch, fascinate,

throw a spell over, have power
over. E. g. mchawi aweza kutusihiri
wote tukafa, a wizard can bewitch
us all to death. n. witchcraft, e.
g. uchawi na sihiri ni kitu kimoja,
sihiri is the same thing as witchcraft. (Ar. for usual toga, cf. pagaa,

*Siki, n. (), vinegar. (Hind.)

Sikia, v. (1) hear; (2) pay attention to, notice, understand,
perceive ; (3) heed, obey. Mostly
of the sense of hearing, but also of
other senses. E. g. nasikia harufu ya
samaki, I smell fish. Nasikia utamu
wake, I notice its taste, I taste it.
Ameni- sikia maneno yangu, he has
obeyed my order. Ps. sikiwa. Nt.
sikika, e. g. be audible, be
noticeable. Ap. siki-lia, -liwa, -lika,
e. g. listen to (for, with, at). Hence
siki-liza, -li- zwa, usually intensive,
listen*,sometimes in contrast
with sikia, e. g. nikatnsikiliza simba
nisimsikie tena, and I listened for
the lion, but did not hear it again.
Also sikiliana, sikilizana. Cs. siki-za,
-zwa, e. g. cause to hear, make
understand, make obey,and
sometimes as siki- liza, listen.
Hence intens. or Cs. sikizisha and
siki-zia, -ziwa,also sikizana, e. g.
hear each other, agree together, be
mutually intelligible, &c. lie lugha
yao hatusikizani, we do not
understand each other in that language of theirs. (Cf. follg. and
msikizi, usikizi, sikio, and syn. in
general,, ona, skika,fahamu, tii.)
-sikifu, n. and -sikilifu,
attentive,
teachable,
docile,
obedient. (Cf. sikia, usikifu, and
syn. -angalifu, -elekevu, -Hi.)

Sikio, n. (ma-), also Shikio, the

ear,organ of hearing. Tega sikio,
listen attentively. Tia sikioni, remember, attend to. Sikio halipiti
uchawi?)
kichwa, the ear does not rise above
the head. Toga (toja) sikio, bore
-sija, -sije-. See -ja.
holes in the outer edge of the ear,
as Swahili women do, for
Sijafa, n. (), wristband or ornaments. (Cf. ndewe, majasi.)
cuff of a native dress, a piece (Cf. si\ia, and prec.)
turned in to receive the stitching.
(Cf. kanzu.)
Sikitika, v. be sorry, grieve,
feel regret (pity, remorse),the
Sijambo,
verb-form.
See common word in Z. Ap. sikitik-ia,
Jambo.
-iwa, e. g. be sorry for (about, at,
in). Cs. sikiti-sha,* -shwa (for

SHUHUDA

sikitiki- shwa), grieve, make sorry.

(No simple sikita in use." Cf.
follg. and huzunika, Ha.)

Sikitiko, n. (ma-), sorrow, grief,

object of pity, cause of sorrow, regret, &c. (Cf. prec.)
Siku, n. (, rarely ma-), (1) a day,
i. e. a period of 24 hours, in Z.,
counted from sunset to sunset,
one night (usiku) and one day
(mchana, period of daylight) ; (2)
in a general sense, day, time. E. g.
siku zote, on all days, always.
Killa siku, every day. Siku hizi,
nowadays, in modern times. Siku
za kale, days of old, old times. Siku
kwa siku, day after day, from day
to day, Siku moja, kwa siku, katika
siku, one day. Masiku mengi, many
long days. Siku kuu, festival,
holiday, i. e. in Z. the usual
Mahommedan feasts, (1) after
Ramathani; (2) Al Haj, Idi (or
Bairam) in the third month after
it; (3) Maulidi, the birthday of
Mahomed in the sixth month.
There is also a celebration of the
death of Hosein in the fourth
month. Siku a mwaka, New Years
day. See Mchana, Usiku, Mwaka

344

SHTJTUMU

proached
us
with
our
wretchedness. (Cf.- syn. shutumu,
onea.)

Simanzi, n. grief, sorrow, de.Sila, n. pail, bucket, dipper,

scoop,esp. for bailing water out pression. (Cf. syn. hamti, huzutti,
.
of a boat, &c. (Cf. the commoner majonzi.)
ndoo, kata.)
Simba, n. (, and ma-), a
a
lioness.
Also
as
Silaha, Silihi. See Selaha, lion,
complimentary- description of a
Selehi.
warrior, fine child, or young
. *Silimu, v. become a Mahom- man. (Ar. sabu, sibaa.)
medan, be converted, initiated. '
Sime, n. See Shime.
Ps. silimiwa. Nt. silimika. Cs.
silimisha, siltm'-sha, -shwa, make a
Simika, v. (1) stand, be set up,
Mahommedan, initiate. (Ar. Cf.
be erect,like simama ; (2) cause
salimu, salama.)
to stand, set up, erect; (3) cause
Simama, v. (i) stand, be stand- to prosper, support, uphold; (4)
ing,i. e. of position, as opp. to appoint, establish, arrange. E. g.
sitting or lying (cf. simika, ondoka); simika nyumba (miti, nilango), erect
(a) stand, stand up, rise,i.e. of a house (poles, a door). Muungu
movement, change of posture; (3) akusimika, God prosper you.
stand, stand still, come to a stand, Mkufu hausimiki, hausimami, a
stop, be stationary, keep in a chain neither holds up nor stands
particular place ; (4) be erect, up. Nisimike mtu awe rnkubwa wao,
perpendicular,
high,
steep, let me set up a man to be their
elevated ; (5) cost (cf. waki/u), e. chief. Simika mitego, set traps. Ps.
g. imenisimamia fetha ttyittgi, it has simikwa. Ap. simik-ia, -iwa, e. g.
cost me much money. E. g. wakamsimikia asikari, and they
akaondoka akasimama, he rose .and provided him with a bodyguard.
stood up. Aluungu hakttsimama Cs. simik-isha, -ishwa, e.g. have a
naye, God did not take his side thing set, cause to set up. (Cf.
(support him). Wali haukusimama ima, simama, simua.)
in- mbotti, the rice was not retained
Similla, int. Make way ! Out
in the stomach. Mlima umesimama,
the hill is steep. Majiyamesimama, of the road 1 By your leave!
the water is motionless, stagnant. Often with a word following, S.
Ap. simam-ia, -iwa,e. g. stand by fund a ttbau, jiwe), make way for a
(upon, in, for, against, &c.), donkey plank, stone). (Ar. for
oppose, obstruct, support,but bismillah, in the name of God. Cf.
esp. common in the sense, stand ittshallah, cewallah, wallai, allaalla,
over,
overlook,
superintend, and syn. jihathari, jitenga.)
manage, direct, administer (cf.
Simc^ verb-form, I am not in
msimamizi). Cs. simam- -isha,
-ishwa, e.g. (1) make stand, cause it, i. c. often, I am not
to go on with work,also (2) responsible, it is no concern of
cause to stop, obstruct, thwart; (3) mine,Negat. Pfx. of 1 Pers.
set up, erect, make stand, cause to Sing., with -mo, for humo).
rise. E. g. simamisha bei, raise
Simo, n. (), something
price. (Cf. simika, simua, and ima, striking,
remarkable occurrence,
with which simama is connected as not often
heard in Z. E. g. simo
a Stativc form.)
mpya ime- irtgia, a new thing has
Simanga, v. triumph (overV occurred. (Cf. follg. and jarnbo,
exult (against), cast in the teeth shatti.)
(pi), reproach. Ap. simangia, -iwa.
Simu, n. the telegraph, telegraphic message (ncws,&c.).

SILA

347

Cs. simattg-isha, ishwa, as intent.,

c. g. Wanika walitusimangisha
umasikitti wetu, the Wanika re

SIMUA

simua mlingoti, lower a mast. (Not

often in Z. Cf. simama, simika, ima,
and syn. shusha, weka chini, in amis
ha. Rv. from si via n*ot used.)

plur. masingizio (which see).

*Sini, n. China,the country.

IVasini, the Chinese. (Dist. Wasini, a town on the coast between Z.

Sumulia and Mombasa.)

*Sinia, n. (, and ma-), a tray,
commonly, a circular metal
Sina, verb-form, I have not,
food, &c.
Negat. Pfx. si, and na, with. (Cf. tray for carrying
(Ar.)
si, na.)
.Simulia, v. also
(which see).
_

Sindano,
(Cf.

n.

Sinikiza, Sinikizo. See Shindineedle. kiza,

&c.

Sinzia, v. (i) sleep, doze, be

drowsy; (2) be inattentive, absentminded, make a foolish mistake;
Sindika, Sindua. See Shind- (3) of a lamp, flicker. Ap. sinzi-lia,
ika, Shindua.
-liwa, e. g. be sleepy about, be
over, fail to observe or
Singa, v. rub with perfume, or negligent'
aromatic substances, e. g. singa act properly. * (Cf. usingizi.)
mwi- li kwa sandali, rub the body
Sio, adv. of negation, no, not
with sandal wood. Ps. singwa. (Cf. so, it is not,negative pfx. si with
sugua, kanda.)
-0 of reference, or for-hiyo, wao.
Singa, n. plur. of usinga, long, (Cf. syn. la, hakuna, hapana.)
straight, soft hair,of Europeans
-sipo, in verbs, is a negativeand some animals, i. e. nyele za relative pfx., referring to place,
singa, as opp. to nyele za kipilipili, time, or general circumstances,
the short, tufty, wiry hair of i.e. where (when, in case) it is
natives. Singa za mkia wa frasi, (they are) not, and so commonly
horse:hair from the tail. (Cf. in case . . . not, if . . . not,
manyoya, used of animal hair supposing . . . not,* e. g. isipokuwa
generally, wool, down, &c., and njema, if it is not good. Also often
see Unyele.)
supplies practically a negative
of the Pres. Partic. in -ki-.
Singefuri, n. cinnabar, vermi- form
lion, a red dye, anatta. (Cf. (Cf. si, -po.)
msingefuri.)
Sira, n. (ma-), dregs, lees. Sira
Singiza,
v.
pretend,make la tembo, lees of palm wine.
pretence, allege as excuse, but
*Siri, n. (), a secret, hidden
commonly in the Ap. singiz-ia, thing, mystery, puzzle, secrecy.
-iwa,
make
a
fictitious, Ma- mbo ya siri, secrets. Kwa siri,
calumnious
charge
against, se-. cretly, privately, mysteriously.
slander, insinuate. E. g. jisingiza Sometimes also as a v e. g.
ugonjwa, make a pretence of alijisiri ge- ngeni, he secreted
sickness. Si- ngizia moto, lay the himself in a hollow. (Ar. Cf. msiri,
blame on the fire. Ps. singizwa. and perh. suria, also syn. fumbo,
(Cf. follg. and syn. amba, lukana.) faragha, and setiri, ficha. (3pp. to
Singizio, n. slander,usu. in wazi, tkahiri. Dist. usiri, delay.)
shasira.)

SILA

347

Sisi, pron. of 1 Pers. Plur., we,

us. Sisi sole, all of us. Sisi wote,
commonly of two persons, * both
of us.* (Sometimes siye is used for
sisi. Cf. miye, weye.)
Sisima, Sisimua, &c. See Zizima.
Sisimizi, n. or Zizimizi, a small
black harmless ant. (Prob. from
zizima .(which see).)
Sita, n. and a., six. -a sita, sixth.
(Ar. Cf. sitashara, sitlini.)

Sita, v. (1) move in an

uncertain, irregular way, hang
back, dawdle, go lamely; (2) fig.
be in perplexity, be undecided, be
in doubt, hesitate. (Cf. tanga,
zunguka, kwamal)
*Sitah.a, n. and Staba, deck,
of a vessel. (Ar.)

SIMUA

sivyo, si, it is not, not this, no. Also for

Sitahi, v. honour, respect. See Stahi. si hiyo.
Sizi, n. usually in the plur. rnasizi,
(Ar.)
soot, grime, e.g. from the fire, on a cooking
*Sitaahara n. and a., sixteen.
pot, in a chimney. (Cf. takataka, and dist.

-a sitashara, sixteenth. (Ar. Cf. si/a,

sittini.)

Sitawi, v. be in good condition, reach

full development, flourish, succeed, go off
well, be in full swing, be at the height. E.g.
of healthy plants, of social functions,
dances (ngomd), a feast (karamu), a
wedding (arusi), or of trade (bias hard).
Cs. si/awi-sha, -shwa, e. g. cause to
flourish, embellish, enhance, prosper, give a
finish to. (? H ind., and cf. usitawi.)
Sitiri, v. cover, conceal. See Setiri.
(Ar.)
Sitoki, n. See Stoki. (Eng.

stocking.) .
4-

Sitti, n. (), lady,and in address, my

lady, madam. (Ar. for the common bibi,
tnwana (which see).)
*Sittini, n. and a. and Settini, sixty,

-a sittini, sixtieth. (Ar. Cf. sit a,

sitashara.)
Situka, v. See Stuka.

Sivyo, a common form of negative

adv., no, not so,negative pfx. si with
-zyo of reference. (Cf. adverbial use of
vi- in adjectives, and vile, hivi, ndivyo,
&c., and for negatives, si, sio, la,

hapana.)

Siwa, n. (via-), a large island, but

seldom in Z. except in reference to the
Comoro Islands, c. g. wafalme wa
Masiwani, the Sultans of Comoro.
Kisiwa is regularly used of islands in
general.
Siwa, n. used of a special kind of hom,
or trumpet, of wood or ivory, which is a
symbol of chieftaincy. (Cf. patuia,

baragnmtt, peml>e.)

Siwozi, v. See Weza, and Ha- wezi,

also cf. jatnbo, sijambo.

Siyo, adv. of negation, like sio,

msiti.)

SILA

347

Soda, n. lunacy. (Ar. Cf. syn.

wazimu, kichaa.)

SIMUA

Soma, n. (nta-), one kind of ngoma,

or dance.

Sodo, n. (), a particular kind Sombea, v. move oneself by

of napkin, used by women.
clasping or grasping, c. g. in
Scgea, v. come near, draw up climbing a tree, or of a cripple
close, approach. Ap. soge-lea, who cannot us
-lewa, and hence sogeleana. Cs.
soge-za, -zwa, bring near, put ready
for, &c. Hence sogez-ea, -ewa. Rp.
sogeana. (Perh. conn, with songa,
and cf. syn. hat ibu, karibia.)
Soko, n. (tna-), a market, open
market-place, centre of business,
mart, emporium. (Ar.)
Sokota, v. twist, twine with the
fingers, plait, spin. Used of
thread, yarn, rope,less properly
of the hair,also of making a
cigarette. Fig. of pain, e. g. tumbo
lanisokota,
I
have
a
twisting,/griping pain, colic, in the
stomach. Ps. sokotwa. Nt. sokoteka.
Ap. sokot-ea, -ewa. Cs. sokot-esha,
-eskwa, -eza. (Cf. follg., and suka,
songa.)

Sokoto, n. (ma-), a plait, a tress,

a curl. (Cf. prec., and songo} suko,
shungi.)

Soma, v. (i) go to school,

receive teaching, study, be
educated; (2) attend a sendee,
perform devotions. Hence (3)
read, i.e. attend to (listen to) a
book. Ps. somwa. Nt. someka, e. g.
be a subject for teaching, be
decipherable. Ap. som-ea, -eiva, e.
g. sheki akalisomea jabali, the chief
performed a service (reading)
over the stone. Cs. som-esha, -eshwa, e. g. send to school, educate,
lead devotions, act as teacher or
minister. Hence someshea, e.g.
unisorneshee mw an angst, educate
my son for me. (Ar. listen, i.c. the
characteristic attitude of scholar,
or worshipper, and hence the
above meanings in Swahili. Cf.
somo.)

ehis legs. (Str. and Kr. Cf. twist a fowls neck, &c. Ap.

sombo, as that which clasps or songo-lea, -lewa. (Cf. songa, also

girds.)
choma, chomoa, chonga, chongoa,

Sombo, n. usual in the plur.

masombo (which see)J a girdle.

(Cf. follg.)

*Somo, n. (ma-), (i) that which

is listened to or read, a letter, a
reading; (2) a teacher, instructor,
confidential adviser or friend. And
so as a term of friendly address.
Njoo, somo, come along, my
friend. (Ar. Cf. soma, for friend,
rafikijamaa, tnwenzi, and msiri.)

&c.)

Songomana, v.be rolled or

pressed together, e.tg. of a snake
wriggling
and writhing, of clothes rolled up
by a-high wind, &c.(Cf. songa.)

Songomeza, v. roll or press together, e. g. of folding ones arm

in a cloth, cramming food into the
mouth, coiling up a rope. Jisongoineza, e. g. of a snake writhing.
Songa, v. (1) press, press (Cf. prec., and songa.)
together, press close, throng, meet
Songonyoa, v. squeeze, twist
in a mass; (2) close up by
pressure, squeeze, contract, hem hard, wring out,esp. of clothes,
in ; (3) act on (form, fashion)by also of cleaning the teeth with a
pressing; and (4) fig. apply toothpick. Tumbo lanisongonyoa, I
pressure
to,
urge,
press, have colic. (Obs. songa, songoa,
songonyoa,all
overwhelm. E. g. songa mbele, songomeza,
press forward, s. kamba, of rope- denoting kinds of active twisting
making, s. nyele, of hair-dressing, or pressure.)
s. ugali, of making porridge. S.
Sonjoa, v. variant of songoa
roho, throttle, strangle. Chakula

chasonga, the food chokes. Watu (which see).

wanasonga, there is a crowd, or
Sononeka, v. (1) feel hurt, be
crush, of people. Njia 'inasonga,
the road is narrow. Nguo inasonga, pained, ache; (2) be grieved,
the dress is too tight. Siku zasonga, vexed, troubled. Cs. sonone-sha,
the days are approaching. Ps. -shwa, e. g. hurt, cause pain (to),
songwa. Nt. songeka. Ap. song-ea, grieve, vex. (Cf* follg., and
a
variant
-ewa, e. g. songea watu, push kisonono,also
through a crowd. Cs. song- esha, sosoneka.)
-eshwa. Rp. songana. (Cf. songo,
-sononi, a. hurt, grieved,
rnsongo, kisongo, and follg. sotigoa,
songomana, songonyoa3 songo- mezq, pained. (Cf. prec.)
sonjoa, and perh. sogea, and
Sonya,
v.
whistle,
but
tiyonga.)
commonly piga msonyo. (Cf.
Songo, n. (ma-), a plait, coil (e. msonyo.)
g. of a snake), tress, wreath, roll,
Soruali, n. (), and Suruale,
garland. (Cf. songa, sokoto, suko, trousers,
breeches, drawers. (Ar.)
pindi, kunjo.)
Songoa, v. and Sonjoa, twist
together, bind up tight, press
together, e.g. s. kamba, of ropemaking, s. kuni, make up faggots,
s. nguo, wring clothes, s. kuku,

Sote, a. a form of -ote, used in

agreement with the pers. pronoun,
sisi. Tu sote, we ate all together,
Twende sote, let us all go together.
Tu wote is commonly used of two

SOMBO

persons, we are both ; twende wote,

let us both go. (Cf. -ote, and
nyoie.)

Soza, v. reach, arrive at, meet

with, approach, accost. Sozapwani,
of a vessel, run ashore, be
beached, come to land. (Not often
in Z, Cf. sogea, sogeza, and Jika.)
*Sta-, an Arab, sign of
conjugation, retained in several
words in Swahili. See follg.
* S taajabu, v. be greatly
astonished, surprised, filled with
wonder. n. (ma-), wonder, a
wonder, &c, * (See Ajabu, and
deriv. forms.)
Staamani, v. have confidence,
trust. See Amini.
StaarabU, v. get understanding,

350

STAABABU

proper, be due. E.g. astahili kupigwa, he

deserves a beating.
kVa
stahili
kumpenda, you
ought to like him. (Cf. stahili salamu, as a
complimentary greeting, on some happy
occasion.) Ps. stahiliwa. N t. stah ilika.
A p. stah il- ia, -iwa.
Cs. stahili-sha, -shwa, e.g. make worthy,
deem worth, declare deserving (suitable,
good). Jistahilisha, think (make, pretend)
oneself worthy, ualified for, &c. Also a.
worthy, tting, proper. (Ar. Cf. astahili, and
syn. stahiki.)
Stahimili,
v.
endure,
support,
persevere, put up with, be patient. Ps.
stahimiliwa. Ap. stahimil-ia, -iwa.(Ar.
Cf. hirnili, hamali,
and syn. vumilia, thtikua, subiri.)

Staka, Staki. Sec Shtaka, Shtaki.

Stakabathi, n. (i) earnest money,

pledge (of a bargain made) ;
(a)

be wise, know about things, be civilized.

Also Nt'. staarabika, in same sense. E. g. acknowledgement, receipt, quittance

(of

washenzi wa papo wamestaarabika money paid, &c.). (Ar. Cf. kabithi,

kidogo, the natives in these parts have a and syn. wasili.)
touch of civilization.
Cs.
slaarabiStambuli, n. Constantinople,
sha, -shwa.
also called Rum.
.
(Ar. Cf. follg.) '
-staarabu, a. wise, civilized. (Ar. Cf.
prec.)
Staha n. (), also Sitaha, deck,of a
vessel. (Ar.)
*Stahabu, v. like, prefer, be pleased
(with). (Ar. Cf. habba.)
*Staht. v. give hononr to, show respect
for, reverence. Ps. stahiwa. Nt. stahika, e.
g. be a worthy, respected person. Rp.
stahiana. (Ar. Cf. -stahifu, and syn.

heshimu, tukuaz.)

-stahifu, a. estimable, honourable,

deserving respect. (Ar. Cf. stahi.)
Stahiki, v. be fitting (proper, suitable,
becoming), be obligatory on, be a duty, be
worthy (deserving) of. Also a. deserving,
honourable, respected. (Ar. Cf. wajibti,

stahili.)

Stahili, v. merit, deserve, be fitting, be

Stara,
n.
covering,
concealment, modesty, reserve.
(Ar. Cf. setiri.)
Starehe, v. and Sterehe, be at
rest (comfortable, undisturbed),
live in peace and quietness, be
still. Starehe (Imperat.), used
commonly as a form of courtesy
on meeting, or entering a room,
keep yonr seat, pray do not move,
do not disturb yourself. Cs.
starehe-sha, -shwa, -make comfortable, give rest to, refresh,
relieve, tranquillize. (Ar. Cf. raha,
msta- rehe, and follg., and cf.
syn.pumzisha, burudisha.)
-sterehefu, a. comfortable,
peaceful, tranquil, calm. (Cf.
prec.)
Stima, n. a steamer. (From the

English.)
Stiri, v. cover, conceal. See
Setiri.
Stoki, n. also Sitoki, Stokini,
stocking, sock. (From the Eng.
stocking. Cf. koti, boi, manowari.)
Stuka, v. sometimes Situka, (i)
start, give a start or jerk, be
sprained, be put out of joint; (a)
be startled, taken aback, surprised,
alarmed. E. g. mguu wangu
umesluka, my foot is sprained.
Nalistuka kwa hofu, I started in
terror. Ap.sluk-ia, -iwa, e. g. start
(be startled) at. Cs. stushaf stushwa,
e. g. give a jerk to, sprain, startle,
terrify, astonish. (Tuka,ji- tuka,
kutuka sometimes occur. Cf. syn.
teguka, and shangaa, toshewa,
falhaika.)

Subana, n. (l) a thimble (cf.

kaslabani); (a) small piece of meat,

toasted on wooden skewers.

Subaya, n. (), outside

covering of a bier, used in the
better class of funerals, a pall. (Cf.
masishi.)

Subiri, v. be patient (with),

wait (for), endure, persevere, be
resigned. E. g. akamwambia,
unisubiri, aka- tnpa saburi, and he
said to him, grant me a respite.
And he did so. Ap.

subir-ia, -iwa.
Cs. subiri-sha,
-shwa. (Ar. Cf. saburi, and syn.
vumilia,j/a//imili,'ngoja,
Dist.
SOMBO
350
follg.)

STAABABU

Suhubu, v. make friend!

Subiri, n. also Shibiri, with, be a friend of. Rp.
suhubiana, e. g. si mtu wa
Sabiri, an aloe. (Ar.)
kusuhubiana naye, not a man to
*Subu, v. (i) andZubu, cast, make a friend of. (Ar. Cf.
run melted metal into a mould, sahibu.)
i. e. mimi- fta madini iliyoyeyitka
Sujudu, v. bow down (to),
katika kalibu. Ps.subiwa. Nt. subika.
Ap. sub-ia, -iwa. Cs. subi-sha, prostrate oneself (before),
-shwa. (Ar.zab.') (2) happen (to), adore, worship. Used regularly
take place, come to pass. of Mahommedan ceremonial of
(Ar.,rarely used. Cf. ?nsiba, sibu.) devotion. S. Mu- ungu, worship
God. Ps. sujudiwa. Nt. sujudika. /
*Subuhi,n.
also
Sabui, Ap. sujud-ia, -iwa. Hence
Subukhi, and (with article) sujudiana. Cs.sujudi-sha, -shwa,
assubuhi, ussubui, morning, the e.g. cause to worship, teach
earlier part of the day. As adv., worship to, make bow down.,
in the morning. (Ar. Cf. assubuhi, turn to God. (Cf. moskiti,
tnesjidi.)
and contr.jioni.')
Suka, v. (1) shake, wag,
*Sudi, n. luck, fortune,good
or bad. (Ar. Cf. bahati, nasibu.) move quickly to and fro,
flourish, e. g. s. mkia, wag the
Sufi, n. (1) also Suf, Sufu, tail. S. kichwa, shake the head. S.
wool. Also of the fine soft silky maziwa, chum milk. Suka suka,
cotton from the pods of the tree be violently agitated. (2) plait,
msufi. (Ar. Cf. manyoya,pamba.) (2) twist, make by plaiting, e. g. s.
also sufii, a saint, holy man, mkeka, plait a mat, the
devotee. (Ar. Cf. mtawa, walii, common occupation of all womcha Mtiungu.)
men of the poorer classes in Z.
S. ukambaa, plait a cord. S. nyele,
Sufuria, n. (, and of size, plait the hair,regularly of the
ma-), metal cooking pot,of hair- plaiting, often elaborate,
copper or iron, sometimes of of Swahili women. Ps. sukwa.
very large size. (Ar.
Nt. sukika. Ap. suk-ia, -iwa. Cs.
suk-isha, -ishwa. Rp. sukana, e. g.
' sifr, copper, and see Chombo,
s. nyele, each dress the others
Chungu.)
hair. (Cf. msuko, suko, suke,
sukua, and syn. shake tikisa,
Sugu, n. (), (1) a callosity, punga, plait sokota, songa,
place made hard by rubbing or kunja.')
use, a corn (on the foot). (2)
callousness, a hard unfeeling
Sukani, n. (), rudder,
nature. E. g. fanya sugu kwa kazi helm. See Msukani. (Hind.)
nyingi, get a hard lump from
hard work. Ana sugu, yu sugu, he
Sukari, n. (), sugar.
is callous, obstinate, stupid. (Cf. Sukari guru, .half-made sugar, in
follg.)
large lumps and of dark colour.
(Ar.)
Sugua, v. rub, scrub, scour,
scrape, clean (smooth, sharpen)
Suke, n. (ma-), also Shuke, the
by rubbing. Ps. suguliwa. Nt. seed-bearing head or ear of
sugulika. Ap. sugu-lia, -liwa, e. various plants, e. g. rice, millet,
g.jiwe la kusugulia visu, stone for maize. (? Cf. suka, with passive
cleaning and whetting knives.
Nyama ya tiazi imesugu- liwa, the

ending -e.)
Sukua,
v.untwist, loosen,
slacken. Ps. sukuliwa. Nt. sukulika.
Ap. suku-lia, -liwa. (Cf. suka, and
dist. sugua. Cf. furnua, legeza,
shonua.)
Sukuma, v. (1) push, push away
(onward, back, off, &c.), movie,
drive, thrust; (2) urge, impel,
incite,-encourage. E.g. roho yake
inamsu

SUKUTUA

-kuma mbde, his will impels

him onward. Sttkuma gari, push a
cart along. Ps. sukumiwa. Nt.
tukumika. Ap. sukum-ia, -iwa. Cs.
sukum-iza, -izwa. Often intens., e.g.

353

SUMULIA

kazi, energy in work, industry.

(Ar. Cf. prcc., and syn. ttguvti,
bidii, ushupafu.)

"Suluhi, v. Sec Selohi and

(i) give a vigorous push, or im- deriv. forms. (Ar.)
pulse to, throw, thrust away. S.
*-suluhifu,a. also -selehifu,
rungu, throw a club. S. mar at hi,
who
makes
peace,
avert sickness. S. pepo, propitiate one
(keep of!) evil spirits. S. dau, force reconciles, brings
the boat along. (2) rid oneself of,
A
and hence sukum-izia, -iziwa, thrust
on to another, e. g. blame,
disaster,
a
load.
IVatiazidi
kusukumiziwa mbele, they are into order, administers, rules. (Ar.
impelled onward more and more. Cf. prec.)
Also sukumi- zana. Rp. sukumatta.
Sululu, n. (1) a curlew; (2) a
(Cf. sotiga, sogea, mdesha, ondoa.)
pick, pickaxe.
Sukutua, v. rinse out the
n. See Msomari, nail,
mouth with water, e. g. after andSumari,
Zomari.
eating. Seldom in deriv. forms.
(Cf. piga funda.)
Sumba, v. sell off, get rid of at
price, sell under pressure,
Sulibi, v. also Salibu, any
of stolen goods. Ps. sumbzua.
Sulubu, crucify,but usu. in the e.g.
Cs. form. Ps. sulibiwa. Nt. Nt. sumbika.
sulibika. Ap. sulib-ia, -iwa, e. g.
Sumbua, v. annoy, trouble, momti wa kusulubia, Le.a cross lest, vex, harass, tease, torment.
{tnsalabd). Cs. sulibi-sha, -shwa, Ps. sumbuliwa. Nt. sttmbuka, e. g.
cause to crucify (or, to be be annoyed, troubled, &c. Hence
crucified), crucify. (Ar. Cf. msa- sumbuk-ia, -iwa, be troubled about,
laba.)
anxious for,and sometimes, be
cause of trouble to, e.g. watoto
Sulihi, v. See Salihi (Solehi, awattamsumbukia
baba,
the
Suluhi). (Ar.)
childrens troubles fall on the
father. Ap. sunibu-tia, -liwa, e. g.
Sulika. Sec Zulika.
give trouble about, make a fuss
Sultani, n. (/wa-), king, about (over, to, at, &c.). Cs.
ruler, chief, head of a town or sumbu-sha, -shwa, as Intens., e.g. of
village. Sultani /Cum, the Sultan active, intentional annoyance. Rp.
of Turkey. (Ar. In Z. the Sultan sumbuana. (Cf. follg. and msumbuo,
is commonly called sayidi, or surnbuo, and syn. uthi, chokoza.)
bwattaJ)

-sumbufu, a. (1) troublesome,

*Sulubika, v. (1) be strong, causing annoyance, &c.; (2) full
firm ; also (2) be diligent, of trouble, troubled, annoyed. (Cf.
vigorous, energetic. (Ar. Cf. prec., and sumbuo, msumbuo.)
follg. Also Nt. of sulubu. See
Sumbuo, n. (wa-), annoyance,
Sulibi.)
teasing, trouble. (Cf. sumbua.)
Sulubu, n. and Usulubu,
Sumisha, v. (1) name, call by
firmness, strength, vigour. S. ya

name, give a call, call out. (Ar.,

Sura, n. (1) form, appearance,
not usual in Z. Cf. it a, alika.) (2) look, expression, face, exterior,
poison, give poison to. (Ar. Cf. likeness. S. ya ttlimwengu, look of
sumu.)
the sky, weather,or, general
view, prospect. (2) a chapter of a
*8umu, n. (), poison. Lisha book, i. e. esp. of the Coran. (Ar.
sumu, ua kzua sumu, anti also sunits Cf. uso, tabia, ginsi.)
ha, poison, give poison to. (Ar.)
Suria,
n.
(wa-),
slave
Suraughu, n. gum-arabic, seal- concubine. (Ar. Cf. follg., and
ing-wax,used for fastening siri.)
letters, See. (Ar.)
Suriama, n. (/a-), one born of
Sumulia, v. and Simulia, a slave concubine. (Ar. Cf. prec.)
narrate, relate, report, give an
account, tell a story, talk,
*Suruale,n.and
Soruali,
converse. Alitmumulia habari, he trousers, (Ar.)
told him the news. Ana- sumulia
Sus, n. liquorice. (Ar.)
tutyc, he is talking with him. Ps.
sumu liwa. Nt. sumulika. Cs. sumuliSuso, n. a contrivance for
sha, -shwa. Rp. surnu- liana. (Cf.
msimulizi, and. syn. a httbirij hanging things up in a room,a
hadithia, sema, semezana, ongea, cord, a hanging shelf, a net, a
swinging stick or board.
zungumza.')
Sungura, n. (), (i) rabbit,
represented continually in E.
African beast-stories as owing ascendency to the power of
outwitting all other creatures.
Hence (2) an unprincipled person,
a clever rogue.
Sunni, n. and Sunna, used of
what is good, commendable,
meritorious, but not absolutely
binding or necessary. Hence, good
traditions, counsel of perfection,
work of supererogation. Also, one
of the Sunnite sect. Opp. to farathi,
e. g. kufa si sunni, ni farathi, death is
not optional, but inevitable.

Suta, v. reproach, make charges

against, find fault with, question
suspiciously, accuse. Ps .sutwa. Ap.
sut-ia, -iwa. Cs. sut-isha, -iskwa. Rp.
sutana. (Cf. follg., and syn. laumu,
shutumu, sktaki.) ,

Suto, n. (via-), reproach,

charge, accusation. (Cf. prec.)
Suza, v. rinse, souse, swill,e.
g. the final stage in washing,
before drying the clothes. S. uji,
make rice gruel,for a sick
person. Ps. suzwa. Ap. suz-ia, -iwa.
Cs. suz-isha, -iskwa.

Swafi, a. pure, clean. See

Sunobari, n. (), deal, pine, Safi. (Ar.)
wood of the tree msunobari,
Swahili, n. and Suaheli, the
largely imported (like msaji, teak)
Swahili coast. Mswahili, a Swahili.
into Z. (Ar.)
Kiswahili, the Swahili language.
.
Sunza, v. (1) let go grudgingly, (Ar. sahil, coast.)
give with reluctanceand (2)
Swali, n. (ma-), question,
tease, provoke, annoy, e. g. by
causeless delay, reluctance, &c. inquiry, interrogation, problem.
(Ar. Cf. saili, and syn. ulizo.')
(Cf. syn. siwibita.)

SUKUTUA

353

SUMULIA

shall come. In the i Pers. Sing, nit

a- is often pronounced nta, and
ni
is
dropped
T, as used in this Dictionary, sometimes
may be pronounced as t in altogether, e.g. takuja,
English,
without
serious
misrepresentation of Swahili I will come. Obs. ta appears to be
words, i. c. the words so pro- a formative in verbs like ambata,
nounced will as a rule be readily fumbata, kamata, and such verbs inunderstood. T, however, has to re- volve mostly the idea of holding,
present both sounds of T in or grasping. ( 2) is often, like sta,
Arabic, 7'a, and Tah (and the Arab, conjugational pfx., used
sometimes Sad), and even in without modifying the root
Bantu words as used in Zanzibar meaning of the word.
it is possible to distinguish a
Taa, n. (the word thus written
smooth t in tatu, three, a sharper t
in tano, five, and an emphatic or has several widely different
explosive t sound in taka, dirt, senses, and probably slight
this last sound being much more differences of sound when
marked in some cognate dialects, carefully pronounced. See T.). (1)
and written as nt or ht. Hence a a lamp,of any kind, the most
considerable variation in the general word in Z. Was ha taa,
writing of the same Swahili word light a lamp. Zima taa, put out a
by different European authorities. lamp. (Perh. cf. Ar. ddaa, shine.)
obedience,
allegiance,
It must be remembered, however, (2)
that (1) these varieties of submission, but in Z. the
pronunciation of t are not so Africanized form utii is also used.
marked in Zanzibar as at (Cf. Ar. ttaa, and tii, v., and the
Mombasa; (2) many words Arab, phrase sometimes used in
pronounced with t at Mombasa Swahili sentaa wa taa, hear and
are pronounced with ch in obey.) (3) a large flat fish, a skate.
Zanzibar, and so the chance of
( 4 ) pi. of utaa (which sec).
confusion of similar words is
(5) in poet, shortened
much reduced; (3) natives
for taa/a, exalted, most
themselves hardly recognize
high. (Arab, title of
varieties of the t sound in
God.)
Zanzibar, except under the
influence of Arabic pronunciation.
Taabika, v. be troubled, in
Hence Bishop Steere appears distress,
anxious, fatigued. Cs.
justified in using t in all cases.
taab~ t 'ha, -ishwa, cause trouble,
7 is sometimes difficult to dis- &c. (Ar. Cf. follg., and sumbua,
tinguish from d in common ulhi.)
pronunciation.
Taabu,
n.
See further under Th, for the trouble,distress,fatigue,
annoyance. Also sometimes as v.
sounds so represented.
for taabika, e.g. hawataabu kitu,
Ta-, -ta-, (i) as a B. pfx. is the they have no sort of trouble. Ps.
sign of the Future Tense. It cannot taab- iwa. (Ar. Cf. prcc.)
as a rule bear an accent, and thus
Taadabu, Taajabu, v. See
when followed by a Relat. pfx. is
written taka, without change of Adibu, Ajabu. (Ar. with ta,the
meaning, e. g. nitakapokuja, when I conjugational pfx.)
T.

he

Taala, v. sometimes Taa, lit.

AI
is exalted,commonly used in
the Arab, phrase Allah taala, God
is exalted, God Most High,
prefixed to all letters and formal
documents. (Ar.)

Tabarudu, v. cool, refresh, reinvigoratc. Ps. taburudiwa. Nt.

taburudika. (Ar. Cf. baridi, and
burtidisha.)

Tabaruki, v. and Tabaruku,

consecrate,
bless,-in
a
ceremonial way. (Ar. Cf. bariki,
mbaraka% tnabrtiki.)

Tabassam. v. smile. (Arab, for

Taalamu, v. know, be learned
.
in, be educated. Also as a. common B. chekclca.)
-taalamu,
educated, scholarly,
v. urinate. (Arab,
well-informed. (Ar. Cf. elimu, and for Tabawali,
common B. kojoa, nya.)
Ar. pfx. ta.)
Taali, v. study, learn, be a stu- Tabia, n. condition, state, nature.
dent. (Ar. for common B. soma, Hence (1) of persons,character,
jifunza.)
dis- . a
Taarifu,
n.
information,
report, news, intelligence,
usually written. Also v., see Axifu.
Tarifu tiussu ya kuonana, news of a
person is something like meeting
him. (Ar. Cf. maarifn, arifu, and
syn. habari.)
Taataa, v. move restlessly,
move about, throw the hands or
body about, as in sickness,
distress,
&c.
(Cf.
gaagaa,
tapatapal)

*Taathima, Taathimisha. See

Athama, Athimisha. (Ar. with
conjugational pfx. ta.)
Taawa,
Tawa. (Ar.)

also

Taowa.

See

Taasia. Sec Tanzia.

Tabaka, n. (, and ma-), anything laid on another,and so,
lid, cover, lining (of a dress, &c.),
fold, layer, row, stratum, stage,
story (of a house). (Ar. Cf. tabiki,
and syn.
bitana, orofa.)

Tabakelo, n. (), a snuff box,

a tobacco case,made of wood,
reed, or hom. (Cf. tumbako.)

TABIBIA

position, humour, habits,

attainments, gifts; (2) of things,
e.g. tabia ya inchi, physical
features, climate, weather, &c.
(Ar. Cf. syn. of character, sifa,
mathehebu, inoyo, desturi, and
generally kali, sura.)

350

Ar. pfx. ta.)

TAGAA

*Tafathali, v. please, do a kindness to, be good to. Esp. in

Imperat. as a form of polite
request,be so kind as to, if you
please, please do, and so of
making a polite request, e. g. akamtafathali bwana mkubwa ampige

Tabibia, v. treat medically, act aduiyake, and he begged the

as doctor to, attend professionally. governor to overcome his enemy.
Ps. tabibiwa. (Ar. Cf. tabibu, and (Ar. Ci.fathili, afathali, utafathali.)
syn. ugitza, alika.)
*Tafauti, n. also Tofauti, (1)
*Tabibu, n. (jna-), doctor, phy- difference, discrepancy, interval
sician, medical man. Tabibu hazuii (of space or time); (2) excess,
ajali, doctors cannot avert doom. want; (3) blame, quarrel. Kitu hiki
(Cf. common B. mganga, and kina t., this thing is different, not
quite what I want. Nina t. naye, I
(English) daktari often heard.)
am not quite satisfied with him.
*Tabiki, v. lie close to, stick to, Yuna t., he is not up to the mark,
line, cover, be attached to. Ps. not trustworthy, not qualified. (Ar.
tabikiwa. Ap. tabik-ia,-iwa. Hence faut, and Ar. pfx. ta. Cf. kitilafu.)
tabikiana, e. g. be great friends.
*Tafautisha, v. Cs. make a
Cs. tabik-isha, -ishwa, e.g. cause to
slick to, paste on, glue on, line, difference, cause to be different,
put a lining to. Rp. tabikana (na), treat differently, distinguish. Ps
e.g. adhere closely (to). (Ar. C (. .tafautishwa. (Ar. Cf. prec., and
tabaka.)

pambanua.)

Tabiri, v. interpret, explain,

expound, e. g. of a fortune-teller,
soothsayer, prophet,and so,
foretell, predict. E. g. iabiri mwaka
kwa chuo, foretell the (events of a)
year by a book. Ps .tabiriwa. Nt.
tabirika. Rp. tabir-ia, -iwa. Cs.
tabiri-sha, -shwa. (Ar. abr, with ta}
cf. fasiri, bashiri, and hubiri.)

Tafiti,
v.
be
prying
(inquisitive, curious). . (Cf. Ar.
taftash, and fatiishi, utafiti, tafuta,
and syn. B. chitngulia, tazamia.)
*Tafsiri, v. explain, interpret,
expound,
make
intelligible,
translate. n. (ma-), an
explanation, translation. (Ar. See
Fasiri for derivatives, &c.)

*Tadariki,
v.
undertake,
Tafuna, v. chew, nibble, gnaw,
guarantee, be responsible for,
come in time for. (Ar. Cf. daraka, masticate, eat, i. e. use the teeth
and jaws upon food,of men and
diriki.)
animals, e. g. t. nyama, chew meat,
*Tadi, v. transgress, do wrong, t. miwa {inkate), chew sugar-cane
offend, be rude. Ap. lad-ia, -iwa, (bread). Ps. tafunwa. Nt. tafunika.
e.g. be rude to. n. also TTtadi, Ap. tafun-ia, -iwa. Cs. tafuni-sha,
offence, rudeness, &c., e. g. ingia -shwa. (Perh. cf. tafu, for chafu,
kwa ladi, enter rudely (with cheek, and for eating, -la, mega,
rneza.)
violence). (Ar. Cf. jeuri,Jitkuli.)
*Tafuta, v. (1) search (for),
*Tafakari, v. consider, reflect,
meditate. (Ar. Cf. fikiri,with the seek, look for; and also (2) search

out, get by search,find, obtain. Ps.

tafutwa. Nt. tafutika. Ap. tafut-ia,
-iwa, e.g. seek out for (at, by,
&c.),search into, look for. Cs.
tafut-isha, -ishwa. Rp. tafutana.
(Ar. Cf. tajiti, and note.)

*Tahiri,v.
cleanse,
ceremonially,
but
esp.
of
circumcision as practised by
Mahommedans. Ps. tahiriwa. Nt.
taharika.
Ap. tahir-ia, -iwa.

Cs. tahir-isha, -ishwa. (Ar. Cf.

Taga, v. (1) lay (an egg), of
birds generally,also taga yai. Ps. tohara.)
Tahlili, n. funeral song, dirge,
tagwa. Ap. tag-ia, -iwa. Cs. tag-isha,
coronach,esp.
of
the
-ishwa. (Cf. yai, atamia.)
monotonous recitation of the
*Tagaa, v. walk fast, stride, Mahommcdan creed at a funeral,
straddle. (Cf. Ar. taga, and perh. c.g. mwalimu husoma rah hit na watu
huitikana, the official leads the
chege, lege.)
dirge and the people respond.
TagMfali, v. (i) be taken un- (Ar.)
awares, be surprised, be off ones
Tai, n. (), (i) name of a large
guard; (a) be unmindful (of), omit
to notice, neglect; (3) Act. take by bird of prey, eagle, vulture; (2)
(also
Tayi), obedient, commonly
surprise, make a sudden attack
(or, demand) on. Ps. taghafaliwa. -tii (which see), and Taa.
Nt. taghafalika, e. g. be taken by
Taifa, n. (ma-), a tribe, nation.
surprise. Cs. taghafal-isha, -ishwa, African
tribes arc not described
intens. (Ar. Cf. ghafala, and cf. by a collective
word, but as a
number
gundua, stuka, zuka.)
Tahamaki, v. look up, of individuals bearing a tribal
observe, take notice. As an interj. name. Thus the Yao tribe, JFayaa;
tahamaki (Imperat.),
lo and the Ganda tribe, IVaganda. (Ar. Cf.
behold! (Ar. for common angalia, ^ kabila.)
tazama.)

Taja, v. name, mention by

Taharizi, n. (), side piece, name, mention, speak of. Taja
of calico in making a native jitta, call by name, give a name
dress (kaitzu), badani being the to, name.
front and back piece. (Ar. Cf.
kanzu.)
Ps. tajwa. Nt. tajika, e. g. be
named, be mentionable. Ap. taj-ia,
Taharuki, v. also Taharaki, be -iwa. Cs. taj-isha, -ishwa.
in a hurry, be bustled, be excited,
from any strong emotion. Ap.
Tajiri, v. get money by
taharuk-ia, -iwa. Cs. taharuk-isha, trading, get rich. Also Nt.
-ishwa. (Ar. Cf. haraka, and syn. tajirika, in same sense. Ap.
angaika, fathaika.)
tajir-ia, -iwa. Cg. tajir-isha,
-ishwa, e. g. jitajirisha, enrich
Tahayari, v. become ashamed, oneself. n. (ma-), a merbe abashed, be shy, be humiliated. chant,
wholesale
trader,
Also Nt. tahayarika, in same sense. capitalist, man of wealth. Tajiri
Cs.
tahayar-isha,
-ishwa, na rnaliye, maskini na mwanawe,
makeasham- ed, &c. (Ar. Cf. a rich man and his money are
haya, and syn. aibu, ftththa.)
like a poor man and his child.
(Ar. Cf. mtajiri, utajiri, and syn.
Tahidi. See Jitahidi. (Ar.)

mkxvasi.)

TABIBIA

Taka, v. feel a want

of,want, desire, wish, be
inclined; (2) express a want
(to), ask, request; (3) be in
want of, need, require ; (4)
(seem to want, and so) have a
tendency to, incline to, be on
the verge of, be going to (of an
imminent
result
or
consequence).
E. g. nataka kwenda, I want to
go, the negative form sitaki
beingthe
most
absolute
expression of refusal, I will
not. Taka shauri, need advice.
Ku- mtaka mtu pesa, to ask a
man for money. Jnataka kttnya
mvua, it is going to rain. Also
impersonally, c.g. inataka uneite
kijinganamtu miinga, you must
speak to afool in a fool'sway.
Afbuzianataka kufa, the goat is
going to die. 1s. takwa. Nt.
takika. Ap. tak-ia, -iwa, c.g. ask
of (for, from, about, at, against,
&c.). Cs. rare, takisha. Rp.
takana, e.g. takana buriani, take
a final farewell of each other.
(Ar. Cf. utasht, matakwa, and
syn.ta m ani, pat da, hitaji,elekea.)
Tnka,n.(), and often Taka
taka (ma-), (i) dirt, filth, refuse,
rubbish,
sweepings;
(2)
anything of littlcvaluc, i.c.
trifles, odds and ends, scraps,
trinkets,
fancy
articles,
miscellany. (Cf. ttchafu,jaa,
kipuzi.)

350

TAGAA

ceive, give in charge of, entrust with.

(Ar. Cf. kabithi, and B. syn. pokea.)
Takadamu, v. go before, go forward,
precede, proceed, be in advance of, lead
the way. (Ar. for common B. tangulia.
Cf. kadatnu.)
Takana, v. Bp. of taka, v.
Takarimu, n. gift, largess, bounty,
hospitality, generosity.
(Ar. Cf.
karimu, karamu, karama, and for gifts
generally bakshishi.)
Takasa, v. clean, make clean, cleanse,
purify, sanctify. Includes all kinds of
cleaning. Ps. takaswa. Nt. takasika. .
Ap. takas-ia, -iwa, e. g. qimemtakasia
shamba, I have cleaned up his garden
for him. Cs. takas-isha, -ishwa. (Cf.
follg. and utakaso, also syn. safisha,
eua, safidi, tengeneza.)
Takata, v. become clean (clear,
white), be cleansed (purified, brightened). Often of weather, kumetakata, it
has cleared up. Uwingu ume- takata,
the sky is clear. So also the Nt. takatika,
e. g. moyo wake ume- takatika, his
mind was cleared of its passions, was
calmed. (Cf. takasa, and follg.)
-takatifu, a. cleansed, clean, pure,
sanctified, holy. (Cf. prec. and syn. safi,
-eupe, which, with -takatifu, best lend
themselves to express a high moral ideal
in Swahili.)
Takato, n. (ma-), cleanness,purity,
serenity. (Cf. takata, and prec.)
*Takia, n. (ma,-- ) , a large cushion.
(Ar. Cf. into.)
Tako, n. (ma-), (i) the seat, buttock,
ham; (2) the lower part.

butt-end of anything, e. g. of a
gun, spear, arrow, &c. (Cf.
kitako.)

*Takabali,v. SeeKubali. (Ar. form

Taksiri, n. fault, defect,
with ta.)
Takabari, v. be proud, give oneself offence, crime. (Ar. Cf. hatiya,
airs, play the grandee. So jita- kabari, thambi, kosa, which are more
and Cs,(intens .)jitakabarisha. (Ar. Cf. usual.)
kibitri, and ta-.)
Talaka, n. (), divorce. (Ar.
Takabathi, v. receive, take in hand,
take charge of, esp. of money or
property.
Ps.
takabathiwa.
Ap. Cf. taliki.)
Talakeki, n. (), and
takabalh-ia, -iwa.
Cs. takaa small Arab
bath-isha, -ishwa, e. g. cause to re- Telakeki,

powder-horn, for carrying a

fine-grained gunpowder.
Talasimu,
n.
(ma-),
talisman,
charm,
magic
diagram. (Ar. Cf. hirizi, dawa.)
Tale,
n.
(ma-),
an
undeveloped,
valueless
cocoanut. (Cf. nazi, and kit ale.)
Tali, v. See Taali. (Ar.)
Taliki, v. dismiss, divorce.
Ps. talikiwa. (Ar. Cf. talaka.)
Taliza, v. smear, plaster,
with clay or mortar, so as to
give a smooth surface to the
wall of a house.
Ps. talizwa. (Cf. Ar. tala, and
tomea, paka.)
Tama, v. be finished, come
to an end,in Z. commonly
timia, is ha (which see). a.
and Tamma, final, decisive,
finishing a matter.
E. g. shauri lake tama, halintdi,
his counsel is final and is
never reversed. Also as adv.
finally, once for all, out and
out, wholly. (Ar.- Cf. timu,
timiza,
timamu,
and syn.
mwisho.)
Tama, n. and Tamma, end, conclusion, final stage. Also in the
phrase shika tama, meaning rest
the head on the hand, sit in a dejected or brooding attitude,considered unlucky in Z. (Kr. has/v
tama (1) last drop, dregs,
sediment;
(2)
final
mouthful).)

draught

(gulp,

Tamaa, n. (), longing, desire,

lust,, ambition, avarice,
greediness. Fanya (piga, -wa na) t.,

desire, be ambitious, &c. Ni mtu

wa t., mwenyi t., ynna /., he is a
covetous, ambitious man. T. ya
malt, love of money, avarice. Kata
t., despair. Weka kwa t., keep
waiting (in suspense, unsatisfied).
Shika t., live i

TAMALAKI

359

TAMBUZA

nhopes. (Ar. Cf. tamani, and syn.

Tambavu, n. (ma-), something
rono, shattko, kutaka.)
hung on the shoulders or over the
chest, e. g. charm, amulet (to
Tamalaki, v. govern, rale, be protect from danger, accident,
master (of), possess. (Ar. for the &c.),also,
shoulder
straps,
bandolier. (?Cf. ubavuy or tambaa.)
more common form miliki.')
tambazi, a. creeping, crawling,
Tamani, v. long for, desire, of an insect, reptile, or
covet, want, lust after, like. Ps. creeping plant. Also as n., name
famaniwa. Nt. tamanika, e. g. be of a disease which spreads over
desired,
be
desirable,
be the body. (Cf. tambaa.)
attractive.
Cs. tamanTambi, n. macaroni, vermicelli,
isha, -ishwa, e.g. yatamanisha satia, i. e. tambi za maandasi. Also plur.
it is very alluring (seductive, of utambi (which see). (? Cf.
attractive, desirable). n. (, tambo.)
and wa-), like tamaa, desire,
longing, lust. (Ar. Cf. tamaa).
Tambika, v. used of performing
certain ceremonies, e.g. making
Tamasha, n. (, and wa-), a offerings at cross-ways in harvest
spectacle, show, pageant, that time. (Peril, not in Z-)
which excites wonder (curiosity,
amusement). (Ar. Cf. shani, ajabu,
Tambo, n. (i) a length, distance,
mwujiza.)
height,but not so general in
idea as urefii. E.g. pale pana tambo,
Tamba, v. strut proudly, walk in that place is a good way (piece,
a swaggering, conceited way, stretch) off. Yule ana tambo, that is
leap, dance,e. g. of warriors a tall man,also tambo la mtu, a
returning in triumph from a tall, big man (cf. pande la ml it). (2)
victory. Alsojitamba, e.g. IVaarabu a long stride, measured step, strut,
wanatamba nakujisifu, the Arabs are swaggering walk, e. g. akamfuaia
swaggering and bragging. (Cf. nyuma kwa tambo, and he marched
tambo, and syn. ramia more used in proudly after him. (3) ?a knot (cf.
Z., and cheza.)
fundoy and tambua). (Cf. tamba,
tambi, utambo, and the common
Tambaa, v. creep, crawl, move dim.form kitambo, alsomtarnbo.)
slowly. Wadudu watambaao, insects,
reptiles. Jttzi zamtantbaa kichwani,
Tambua, v. recognize, know
flics are crawling on his head. Ap. again, remember, see the meaning
tamba-liay -liwa, i. c. creep up to, of, discern, understand. Ps.
steal upon, e. g. akamtambalia hatta tambuliiva. Nt. tambulika, e. g. mtu
akamkaribia, and he crawled up to wa kuta- mbulika. a well-known
him, till he got near (cf. nyatia, (remarkable,
distinguished)
nyemeled). Cs. tamba-za, -zwa, e.g. /. person. Hence ta- tnbulikana,he
maneno, speak slowly, drawl (cf. recognizable, be intelligible, be
kokoteza mane no). (Cf. tamba ti, ? knowable. Ametambulikana kttwa
tambaa, kitambaa.)
mwiziy he has been convicted of
thieving. Ap. tambu-lia, -lizua. Cs.
Tambaa, n. (ma-), a piece (strip, tambudisha, -lishzva, i. e. make
length) of calico or similar stuff. known, expound, explain. Rp. taUsually in the dim. kitambaa mbnana. (Cf. tambuziy utambtiziy
(which sec). Also plur. of utambaa. and syn. fahamu, jua, and ? root of
tambo, tambaa, &c.)

Tambuu, n. (), (1) leaf of

the betel-plant, mlambuu; (2) a
mixture for chewing, of which
this leaf is the chief ingredient,
very popular in Z. See Uraibu.
(Peih. a Ilind. word.)

esp. those of sense. Sttkali tamu,

sugar is sweet. Maneno matamu,
pleasant, agreeable speech. Maji
matamu, fresh water, as opp. to salt
water. Tamu? Is it nice? Tamu is
also used as adv., e.g. kumetnkalia
tamu, he has found it agreeable.
Tambuza, v. used of smiths (Ar. Cf. utamu, and opp. -baya,
work, fashion by heat and -chungu, kali, -a chumvi, and syn.
hammering, beat out, forge, weld, -zuri, -etna, a kupendeza.)
e.g. a broken knife or hoe. Ps.
tambuzwa. Nt. tambuzika. Ap.
Tamvna, n. usu. in plur. matatambuz-ia, -iwa. Cs. tambuz-isha, mvua, ends, tipsof any kind of
-ishwa, e.g. have a thing welded calico or textile fabric, and so of
(repaired by a smith), &c. (Perh. fringe of a cloth, lappets or
cf. tarnbo, i. e. a lengthening out.) hanging ends of a turban, fluff of
cotton, lint. (Cf. utamvua.')
-tambuzi, a. clever, quick, intelligent, knowing, shrewd. (Cf.
Tana, v. and n. See Chana.
tarnbua, and syn. -juzi, -elekevu, -a
*Tanabahi, v. give attention
akili.)
(to), turn the mind to, carefully
Tamka, v. also Tamuka, pro- notice and consider, form a
nounce, articulate, speak in a conclusion (about). (Ar. nabah, and
formal (emphatic, expressive) cf. syn. angalia, Jikiri, azimu.)
way. Ps. tam'kwa. Ap. tam'k-ia,
Tanafusi, v. breathe, draw breath,
-iwa. Cs. tam'-sha, -shwa. (Cf.
recover breath. (Ar. nafsi, for common
follg.)
Tamko, n. (-), act (style,
way,
&c.)
of
speaking,
articulation,
pronunciation,
delivery, speech. Ma- tam'ko ya
maneno, ways of pronouncing
words. Tam'ko la kizungu, a
European accent. (Cf. tam'ka.)
Tamma, n. and a. See Tama.
*Tamu, n. (), flavour, taste,
and esp. of pleasant taste,
sweetness, pleasantness. Thus
opp. to tichungu, e.g. vyakula ni
tamu na tichungu, food is either
sweet or bitter, pleasant or
unpleasant. Nyama za nguruwe zina
tamu, pork is nice to eat. Ona tamu,
enjoy, find pleasure in. Tia tamu,
make pleasant, give a relish to.
(Ar. Cf. luththa, and follg.)
*-tamu, a. (same with 64 (P),
D 5 (S), D 6), sweet, pleasant,
nice, delightful,ofall pleasures,

pumzika.
nafusil)

Cf. nafsi,

Tanda, v. spread, spread out, spread

over, be spread out (over). The idea
seems to be not of mere extension
(enea) or dispersion (ta- wanya), but of
something that is continuous and covers.
Hence several special uses, and a large
number of derivative forms. E. g. tanda
kitanda, lace a bedstead (with cord of
cocoanut fibre, making a strong springy
mattress). (Dist. tandika kitanda, make
a bed, i.e. supply with sleeping mat or
coverlets.)
Uwingu
umetanda,
kumetanda, the sky is overcast, it is
cloudy. Jitanda, stretch oneself across
(upon, over), also jitanda nguo, cover
oneself with clothes, put on an overcoat.
Tanda samaki, catch fish in an outspread cloth, used as a net. Ps. tandwa.
Nt. tandika,most commonly in an Act.
sense, spread out (over), lay out (on),
cover (with), e.g. t. tnkeka kitandani
(see above), arrange a mat on a bed,
make a bed, also tandika kitanda.

TAMALAKI
359
TAMBUZA
T.punda, harness a donkey, put saddle, Z.) tribal marks, tattooing (cf.
&c. on, not used of putting on dress. chale). (Cf. tanda, and utando.)
Tandika nguo chini, lay out clothes on
Tandu, n. (), or Taandu, a
the ground. T. majamvi, spread mats (as
carpets), &c. Cf. wetigi waliotandika centipede.
chini, many were laid low, i.e. killed.
Tandua, v. Rv. of tanda, e.g.
Muungu ameta- ndika tnbingu na
inchi, God spread out the heaven and take off (fold up, remove) what is
earth. Hence derivs. tandikwa, also laid on (spread out, &c.), and so
tandik-ia,-iwa, tand-isha, -ishwa, and of unfurnishing a bed or room,
tandikiana. E. g. wakawapa nyumba unharnessing an animal, &c. Ps.
wakawa- tandikia, and they gave them ta- ndulia. Nt. tanduka. Ap. ta- nduhouses, and furnished them (with mats, lia,-liwa. Cs. tandu-za, -zwa. (Cf.
&c.) for them. Ap. tand-ia, -iwa. Cs. tanda.)
tand-isha, -ishwa. Also tand-aza,
Tanga, n. (ma-)} ( i ) a sail,of a
-azwa, like tanda, tandika, but of
special objects, e.g. tandaza mtama, vessel, of matting or canvas, e.g.
twcka /., set (hoist) sail, tua t.,
spread out millet on a mat to dry in
sail. Kunja /., reef sail.
the sun, also t. nguo. (Cf. /andua, lower
Matanga kati, wind abeam. Obs.
tandama, tandawaa,kitanda,utando, tanga mbili, of the period of
mtande, mtandio, tandiko, tando, and shifting winds between the two
monsoons, also called malelczi (cf.
also such syn. as
tawanya, foromali, dost), (a) a formal
wamba, funika.)
mourning,usually in the plur.
Tandama, v. St. be in an matanga, lasting from three or four

extended position, be spread out,

lie stretched out, e.g. of floating
on the water, as a crocodile or a
log. Ap. ta- ttdam-ia, -iwa. Cs.
tandam-isha,

ishwa. Rp. tandamana, of several

to ten days, during which friends

sleep in the mourners house. Kaa
(wcka, andika) matanga, remain in
(arrange a) mourning. Ondoa (vunja) matanga, go out of (end a)
mourning. (Cf. msiba and follg.)

Tanga, v. go to and fro, go from

side to side, dawdle, loiter, stroll
about, wander. Also Rd. tanga
Tandawaa, v. stretch oneself at tanga, move in a listless,
ease, recline, loll, spread oneself objectless way.
Cs. tang-isha,
out on a conch. (Cf. tanda.)
-ishwa, e.g.
Tandiko, n. (ma-), something take for a stroll, cause to idle, &c.
spread out, but nsu. of mats, (Cf. mtango, tango, and follg., and
carpets, &c., e.g. matandiko ya syn. sita, zunguka, tembea.)
chumbayaliyo- tandikwa chini, the
mats with which the room was
Tangaa, v. spread abroad, be in
furnished.
Also,
harness, vogue, be current, become
accoutrements, but only for generally known, be published.
animals. (Cf. tanda.)
E.g. jinn lake limetangaa na
ulimwengu, his name is famous
Tando, n. (ma-), something throughout the world. Cs. tangaspread out, e. g. t. la buibui, a za, -zwa (and perh. tanga- isha,
spiders web. Tando, or t audit, /a tangisha), make known, publish
macho, a film over the eye, abroad. Ap. tanga-zia, -zizva, e.g.
causing blindness. Also (?not in amemtangazia aibu yake, he made
objects together. (Cf. tanda.)

his dishonour known. Rp. tangazana. (Perh. cf. tanga, v., and
mtangazi.)

Tangamana, Tangamka. See

Changamana, Changamka.
Tangawizi, n. (), ginger.
Tangi, n. (ma-), a large wooden
chest used for carrying fresh
water in a native vessel at sea, a
water tank.
Tango, n. (ma-), (i) a vegetable
like a cucumber, but with a harder
rind, fruit of the mtango; (2)
aimless
wandering,
idling,
vagabondage, idle talk, gossip,
also perplexity, trouble. (Cf.
tanga, v.)
'
Tangu, prep, since, from,
with reference to a time or, less
commonly, place, regarded as a
starting-point. Tangu lint alt/okuja
ha fat IIow long ago was it that he
came here ? Tangu tniaka mhuili
(tangu za- rttani), two years ago (a
long time ago). Tangu hafa hatta
huko, from here to there. (Cf. toka,
kutoka, used as prep.)
Tangua, v. annul, abolish, annihilate, invalidate, bring to nought,
frustrate. E. g. t. shcria, cancel a
law; t. ahadi, revoke a promise; /.
ndoa, annul a marriage; /. mafiki,

TANGULIA

TAPIKA

302

break off friendship. Nt. tanguka. (A nyama), a noose of cord (or string,
Rv. form, but no apparent connexion for trapping animals). T. la samaki,
with tanga, v., and no deriv. stems in a haul (catch, draught) of fish. T.
common use. Cf. follg.)
la roho, a halter.
Tangulia, v. (i) go before, go first,
*Tanzia, n. () and Taazia,
precede, take the lead; (2) be beforehand news of a death, announcement of
(with), anticipate, forestall. Sometimes a funeral, e.g. waraka wa tanzia
tangulia mbele, and mbele ya, and this (also barua ya msiba), a written
is more common than construction with notification of a mourning. Kumpa
an objective person-pfx., i.e. ni? mkono wa t., to pay a visit of
netangulia mbele yako, rather than condolence to him. (Ar. Cf. itibi-

nimekutangulia.
Alitangulia rambi, hani.)
kuniambia, he was the first to tell me,

Tanzu, n. (ma-), a bough,but

or, he took the initiative in speaking to
me. Cs. tanguli-za, -zwa, e. g. cause to in Z. usually tawi.
go before, send on in advance, prefer,
Tao, n. (ma-), something
give precedence to. Tatiguliza fetha,
make a payment in advance. (No curved, e.g. an arch, a bend of a
apparent connexion with tangua, or river, a bay or inlet, the hem
tanga. Cf. follg. and mtangu- lizi, and round the bottom of a native dress
{kanzu). E. g. njia inafanya matao,
Ar. syn. takadamu.)
-tangulifu, a. (same with D 4 (P), D 5 the road is winding. (Cf. pindi,
(S), D 6), (1) in advance, before others, mzingo, kunjo, kombo.)
but commonly (2) fig. eminent,
Tapa, n. (ma-), leaf of a fan
surpassing, of superior rank (quality).
palm {mviund), used by natives as
(Cf. prec. and mtangu- lizi.)
Tani, n. in the adverbial phrase kwa an umbrella. Sometimes Dapa.
tani, on the back,of position, and in
tanitani,

kitanitani,

matani-

tani,

sometimes tana,in same sense. (Cf.

kicItalichali, kingali- ngali, and opp.
fudifudi, and perh. tanua, spread out.)
Tano, n. and a'. -tano, five, -a tano,
fifth. Jumaa tano, Wednesday. See
Juma. (Ar. hamsi, also used.)
Tanua, v. open wide, stretch apart,
widen, expand, nfake room by. E. g.
tanua miguu, take long strides; t.
kinwa, open the mouth wide; t.
niashua, push off a boat. Ps. tanuliwa.
Nt. tanuka. Ap. tanu-lia, -liwa. (Cf.
tani, and also tanda, panua.)
Tanuu, n. (), also Tanuru, Tanu,
native lime-kiln, i. e. limestone piled on
a circular heap of logs and burnt. E. g.

jenga tanu ya kuoka chokaa, make a

pile of wood for burning lime.

Also choma t:> i. e. burn lime.
Tanzi, n. (, or ma-), loop,
noose, slipknot, snare, trap
worked by a string. E. g. t. la
ukambaa {la ugwe, la kutegea

Tapa, v. shiver, tremble,

shudder, jump about convulsively.
T. kwa baridi, shiver with cold.
Mwiii wanitapa, my body is
shuddering. Jitapa, jump about,
for display (cf. randa, rukci). Also
tapatapa, of dying fish. (Cf. kitapo,
mtapo, ? tapika.)
Tapakaa, v. be scattered about,
be spread abroad, be here and
there, infest, be dotted about, e. g.
of the stars in the sky, of a flood,
robbers, &c. (Cf. follg.)
Tapanya, v. scatter about, disperse, throw away, waste,
dissipate. T. malt, be prodigal. Nt.
tapany- ika, e. g. of water in a
flood. Rp. tapanyikana, of people
dispersing in different directions.
Cs. tapan-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. tapakaa,
and ta- wanya.)
Tapika, v. vomit, be sick. Cs.

tapi-sha, -shwa, cause to vomit, act slowness,

gentleness.
/anya
as an emetic. (Cf. follg.)
(shika) /., be orderly, quiet, &c.
Atva t. and taratibu as adv., in a
Tapishi, n. (ma-), vomit. Tapi- regular, steady, quiet, slow, easysho, n. (WJ-), that which causes going way. Also as adj. ar.d
vomiting, an emetic. (Cf. tapika.) sometimes -taratibu, quiet, slow,
regular, &c. Uwapo mtaratibu,
Tapo, n. (ma~), a lot (troop, humshinda mwenyi nguvtt, i. e.

number) of men or animals,esp.

of. a division (detachment,
regiment) of fighting men. (A tapo
would be part of a jeshi, or kttndi.
Cf. kikosi.)
Tarabe, n. used to describe a
door or window of wood, strong
and framed, not that of a native
hut. E. g. mlango wa tarabe, tarabe
ya dirisha. (? Ar. tarib, arb, firm,)

method goes further than force,

quietness than violence, &c. (Ar.
Cf. utaratibu, ratibu, and syn. upolc,
kawaida, kiasi.)

Taraza, n. (), also Tarizi, a

border or edging, woven on to
turbans or waistcloths in Z.,
giving the effect of a narrow
ornamental braid of silk. (Ar. Cf.
tarizi.)

Tarabushi, n. and Tarbushi, a

Tarazaki, v. same as Buzuku
fez, red cap with tassel. (Ar. Cf. (which see). (AT. Cf. riziki.)
ko/ia.)

Tari, n. (), a tambourine or

*Tarafu, n. (), part, business, small drum, used in various halfduty, work, task. (Ar. Cf. syn. social, half-religious ceremonies.
shughuli, kazi.')
(Cf. Ngoma.)
TarajA, v. hope, be confident,
Tarihi, n. (>, date, annals,
expect. Ps. tarajiwa. Nt. tarajika. chronicle, journal, history,esp.
Ap. taraj-ia, -iwa, e. g. of date of birth, e. g. tarihi yako
imo ndaniya hirizi, your date (of
hope for (about, in).
(Ar. Cf. birth) is inside the charm. As a
specimen, nikazaliwa katika mwezi
tumai, tumaini.)
wa Rehaji, siku ya jumaa a tatu
Tarakimu, n. a written mwezi kumi na tatu kwa saa ya sit a
character, letter, numeral, figure. athuuri, sene (i. e. Ar. for mwakd)
(Ar. Cf. 12S5, I was born at noon on
Monday the 13th of Rehaji, 12S5.
harufu, sifuri.)
Tariki, n. road, path, way.
Tarathia, v. try to satisfy,
make apologies (to), conciliate, (Arab, for njia.)
expostulate (with), remonstrate
*Tarishi, n. (ma-), a swift
(with), urge objections (to). Ps.
runner,
special
messenger,
tarathiwa.
postman, courier, express. (Ar.)
>Tt. tarathika.
Cs. tarath-isha,
Tarizi, v. weave a border (to),
-is/itva. (Ar., same root as rithi, make an embroidered edging (on),
urathi, &c.)
i. e. usually a coloured silk
border to a turban, or
Taratibu, n.(),andUtaratibu, braid-like
or lines of stitched
(i) arrangement, method, system, waistclotli,
work
on
the
and front of a
neatness, order ; (2) quietness, native dress wrists
(kanzu). n. like

TANGULIA

302

TAPIKA

woven border, stitched

*Taswira, n. (), picture, likeedging. (Ar.)
ness, painting, portrait. (Ar. Cf.
taraza,

Taruma, n. (wrz-), also

Turuma, Toruma, any piece of
wood used to stiffen or strengthen
a structure or framework, c. g.
iedge, support, stmt, spoke (of a
wheel), rib (ot a vessel), thwart.
Taaa, A. () and Tassa, (1) any
small metal vessel, cup, jug, mug,
basin, saucer, spittoon,usually
of copper, bra'ss, or tin. (2) a
game of touch (Str.).
Taaa, a. (and Tassa), barren,
that has produced offspring once
only, of any living creature.
Opp. to -zazi.
(Cf. ufasa.)

mfano, tnethali, sanamu, sura.)

Tata, v. be in a tangle, be
complicated, be in confusion, but
usually in the Nt. tatika. Ap. tat-ia,
-iwa, -ika, (i) make a tangle of; (2)
wind up in a skein or ball; (3)
puzzle, perplex, make difficulties.
E. g. tatia uzi kijitini, wind thread
on a stick. Tatia kilemba, arrange
the folds of a turban. Also of a
serpent coiling round its prey.
Hence tatiana. Also tat-iza, -izwa,
tatiz-ia, -iwa (Cs. tatizana), like
tatia, entangle, wind, cause a
complication, perplex. Rp. tatana,
be in a tangle, be puzzled, e. g. of
interlacing foliage, of confused
statements. Vyombo vina- tatana
katika bandari, the dhows are all
huddling together in the harbour.
Hence tatan-ia, -iwa. Also tatanisha, -iskwa.
n. usu. in
plur.

Tasbihi, n. (), (1), praise,

ascription of praise, to God; (2) a
Mahommedan
rosary,
for
recording praises and prayers. Salt
t., recite prayers by a rosary. Vnta
uratlii kwa t., obtain grace by use
of the rosary. (Ar. sabbah. Cf. matata, tangle, mess, difficulty,
himidi, he nidi, sifu, si fa.)
perplexity, &c. E. g. tata la uzi,
*Tashwishi, n. (), doubt, per- tangled thread. Tata la manetto, a
plexity. (Ar. for the more common puzzling statement. (Cf. tatua,
tatanua, tatizo, mtatio, and dist. tata,
mashaka, fathaa.)
plur. of utatal)
*Taslimu, n. direct delivery,
Tataga, v. make a crossing
prompt (cash) payment. E. g.
nunna taslimu, buy for ready (with), get across, lay across. E. g.
money, i. e. mkono kwa rnkono. (Ar. tataga mti mtoni, lay a tree as a
bridge across a river. (Cf. mtatago,
Cf.
ulalo.)

salt mu.)

Tassa, v. not often heard in Z.

Used with Negat. pfxs. only, but
not changing the final -a to i in the
Present, and only as a kind of
auxiliary before another verb in
the Infinitive. Be beforehand
with, manage (to), get (to), finish
(doing), what the following verb
implies, e. g. sitassa kuandika, I
have not yet written.
Tassa, n. See Tasa.

Tatanua, v. and Tatanyua, (1)

unravel, unwind; (2) fig. clear up
a
complication,
disentangle,
simplify, extricate, explain. Nt.
tatanuka. (Rv. of tatana. See Tata.)
Tatizo, n. (ma-), entanglement,
complication, difficulty. (Cf. tata.)
Tatu, n. and a. -tatu (tatu with
D 4 (P), D 6 (P)), three. -a tatu,
third. (Cf. Ar. thelatha, also
sometimes used. Obs. the possibility in Swahili of such a word as

mtatu, for a single threefold

person/)

Tatua, v. also Tataua, Rv. of

tata, (1) disentangle a tangle, cut a

knot,-solve a difficulty, e.g. tatua
tata; but mostly (2) tear, rend,

cleave, rip open or apart. E.g.

tatua nguo, tear clothes (cf. rarua,
pasua, tumbua). Ps. tatuliwa. Nt.
tatuka, with an Ap. tatuk-ia, -iwa, e.
g. ametatukiwa nguo, he has got his
clothes torn for him. Hence
tatukana. Ap. tatu-lia, -liwa. Cs.
tatu-lisha, -lishwa. (Cf. tata, and
syn. above, rarua, &c.)
*Taumu, n. (ma-), prop, shore,
support,for a vessel ashore
(Kr.). (Cf. gadi, and tegemeo.)
*Tauni, n. (), plague,
pestilence, an epidemic. (Ar. Cf.
ugonjwa, mar at hi.)
*Tausi, n. (), a peacock.
(Ar.)
Tawa, v. (1) remain indoors, livein seclusion,esp. for a moral or
religious object, and so (2) not
gad about, live a quiet, moral,
religious life. Ap. taw-ia, -iwa. Cs.
taw-is ha, -ishwa, e. g. kijana mwanamke akipata miaka sita hutawishwa, a girl, when six years old,

is generally confined to the house.

(Cf. follg. and mtawa, nta'wa,
which appear the same, and of Ar.
origin.

TAWA

365

TEG A

)* -tawa, a. remaining indoors, branch (of a tree); (a) stem with

choosing
seclusion,
devout, growing fruit or grain, bunch,
religious. (Cf. prec.)
cluster, ear, c.g. /. la ttazi, bunch of
cocoanuts, /. la mzabibu {la
Tawa, n. (, and ma-),frying- mtendc), bunch of grapes (dates).
pan, saucepan. (Cf. chuttgu, Ncha (shitta) ya t., tip (stem) of the
kango.)
branch (bunch). (Cf. kitawi, and
utawi, with plur. taivi, which dist.)
Tawafa, n. (), a candle.
Taya, n. {ma-), jaw, jaw-bone.
(Cf.
Tia kata mu tayani mwa puttda, put
the bridle on the donkeys jaw.
syn. meshtnaa.)
.
Taya, v. reproach, rebuke,
Tawakali, v. put trust in, have blame. Not common in Z. (Cf.
confidence (in), rely on, take tayo, and syn. skutumu, laumii, suta.)
courage, hope. E. g. tawakili kwa
Muiingu, trust in God. (Ar. Cf.
Tayari, a. ready, prepared, at
wakili, and syn. amini, tumaini.)
hand. Fatty a (wcka) make ready,
prepare. v. be ready. (Hind. Cf.
*Tawala, v. become governor andaa.)
(of), govern, rule. Ps. tawaliwa. Nt.
tawalika. Ap. tawal-ia, -iwa. Cs.
*Tayi, a. and Tai, obedient. See
tawal-isha, -ishwa, and commonly -tii. (Ar.)
tawaza, /awazwa, e. g. cause to
rule, instal as ruler, set on the
Tayo, n. {tna-), reproach,
throne, celebrate the coronation rebuke. (Cf. taya, and syn.
of. (Ar. Cf. wait, liwali, and syn. skutumu, laumu, suio.)
milikisha.)

Tawanya, v. scatter abroad, disperse, distribute, dissipate, throw

away. E. g. tawanya mbegu (mail,
adui),
scatter seed (money,
enemies). Ps. tazvanyiwa. Nt.
tawanyika. Ap. tawany-ia, -iwa, Cs.
ta- wany-isha, -ishwa, intens. (Cf.
follg. mtawanya and tapanya.)
Tawanyiko, n. (ma-), scattering,
wasting, throwing away. (Cf.
prec.)
Tawaahi, n. (ma-), also Towashi, a eunuch. (Ar. Cf. mhassi.)
Tawaza,
v.
perform
ceremonial ablution,esp. as to
the feet, i.e. tawaza migttu, as dist.
from ttawa, chamba (which see).
(Ar. wathu. Dist. tawaza, Cs. of
tawala '.)

Tazama, v. look (at), gaze (at),

fix the eyes (on), contemplate,
examine, observe, test. Ps
'.tazamwa. Nt. tazamika, e.g. (i) be
looked at; (a) be fit to be looked
at, be desirable (pleasant) to the
eyes, be noteworthy. Jitazama,
look at ones face in a glass. Ap.
tazam-ia, -iwa, e. g. look into,
examine closely, inspect, review,
look with, see with. JDura- bini ya
kutazamia, a telescope to look
through. T. kazi, examine work.
Tazamiwa tia tnganga, be examined
by a doctor. Jitazamia {tnoyo),
examine oneself (conscience). Cs.
tazam-isha, -ishwa, e. g. attract the
eye, draw attention, be attractive
(to). Also intens. gaze intently.
Kp. tazamana. (Cf. follg. and otta,
of perception generally, and syn.
angalia, chungulia, kagua.)

Tazamo, n. {ma-), look, glance,

Tawi, n. {ttta-), (i) bough, gaze. (Cf. prec. and syn. Ar. tta-

thari.)

Tazia, n. condolence. Sec Tanzia, Taazia. (Ar.)

Tega, v. ( i ) set ready, put in
position, prepare,esp. of a trap,
and so (a) snare, entrap, decoy,
catch, and (3) fig. try to deceive,
beguile. E.g. t. mttgo, set a trap. T.
sikio, listen, give tar to, prepare to
hear. T. kitendawili, propound a
riddle,the challenge being Kite
ttdawili! Here is a riddle,and the
reply Tega, Propound it, let 11s
hear it. Akajitega tta uta wake, he
put himself ready with his bow.
Tega ndege kwa tanzi, snare birds
with a noose. Ps. tegwa. Nt. tegeka.
Ap. teg-ea, -ewa. Cs. teg-esha,
-eshwa. Rp. tegana. (Cf. mtego,
tego, tegua, and syn. nasa, guia,
kamata.)

Tegemea, v. (i) lean upon, rest

on, be propped upon; (a) fig. trust
(to), find protection (in), rely
(upon). E. g. alwitegemea mkono, he
leaned on his arm. Nyumba
inategemea mti, the house is
supported by a tree. Also with
kwa, e. g. tegemea kwa Muungu
(Sultani), trust to Providence (the
Sultan). Ps. tegemewa. Ap. tegemeza, -ezwa, e. g. cause to rest on,
prop up, support, buttress, protect,
sustain. T. chombo, prop, or shore
up, a vessel (cf. gadimu). T. miguu,
rest one leg on the other. (Cf.
follg. and egemea,a variant with
less general meaning.)

Tegua, v. Rv. of tega, let a trap

go off, remove a snare or spell,
take away what was set ready or
specially placed, take off the fire,
put out of joint, sprain. Thus t.
mtambo, let off a spring-trap. T.
uganga, take off a spell,also t.
tego. T. mguu, sprain the ankle. Ps.
tegu- liwa. Nt. teguka (sometimes
teu- ka). Ap. tegu-lia, -liwa. (Cf.
tega, tego, mtego, and for sprain
stuka, stusha. Also tekua or tegua (?)
for telekua.)
*Teitei, n. (ma-), frock, gown.
Teka, v. (i) take, take up, carry
off,of water from a well, e. g.
teka rnaji kisimani, draw water at
the well. But otherwise almost
always implying violence, i. e. (2)
plunder, ravage, ransack, capture
by force, e. g. t. mji, plunder a
town ; t. inchi, ravage a country;
t.watu na ng'ombe, carry off people
and cattle. Ps. tekwa, in both
senses, e. g. kisima kilichotekwa
maji, a well from which water was
drawn. Tumetekwa, we are
prisoners of war. Ap. tek-ea, -eiOa.
Obs. tekewa akili, be bewildered,
lose ones senses (like po tewa,
rukwa na akili). Cs. tekana.
Teke, n. {ma-), a kick. Piga teke,
kick, v.

Teke, a. also -teke and Toketeke, (1) soft, yielding; (2) weak,
feeble. Nyama teke, tender meat.
Mtu teke, a soft, weak-spirited
person. Muhindi mteke, Indian com
Tegemeo, n. {ma-), prop, in a soft half-ripe state. Tunda teke,
buttress, support, protection. a soft over-ripe fruit. (Cf. (1)
Katika mate- gemeo yangu halikupati -ororo, laini, (2) thaifu, dufu.)
kitu, under my protection nothing
Tekea, v. and Tekewa. See
can get at you. (Cf. prec., and syn.
Teka.
nguzo, ham ay a, tunza.)
Tekelea, v. (1) arrive (at),
Tego, n. (ma-), a powerful
come
to;
(2)
be
charm, capable of causing disease reach,
accomplished, be carried through,
and death. (Cf. tega, mtego.)
come to its end. E. g. wakati
Tegu, n. {ma-), a tapeworm.
umetekelea, the time has arrived.

TAWA

365

TEG A

Ahadi imetekelea, the promise is , Teleka, v. (1) put on the fire,

fulfilled. Ps. tekelcwa. Cs. tekeleza, both of cooking pot and the food
fulfil, execute, carry out. (Cf. in it. In full, t. chungu rnotoni, put a
tekeza,apparently from a root pot on the fire, lienee (2) cook,
teka, syn.fika. Dist. teka, see boil (water), prepare food. Ps.
above.)
telekwa. Ap. tclek-ca, -exva, e. g.
chungu eha kutelekca tnaji, a pot to
Tekenya, v. tickle. Ps. teke- boil water in. Cs. telek-eza, -ezu>a,
nywa. Rp. tekenyana. n. {ma-), a e. g. cause to put on the fire, get

jigger,a burrowing flea.

cooking done, get a meal

prepared. Tumepumzika na hut., we
Teketea, v. be consumed, be rested and got a regular meal.
destroyed, be ruined,commonly
in the literal sense and by fire, i. e.
Telekun, v. and Tekua, Tegua,
teketea moto, or kwa moto, be burnt take off the fire,Rv. of teleka.
up,but also of the effects of a (Cf. epua, ipuai)
storm, mashamba yote yameteketea,
all the plantations were ruined.
Telemua, v. cause to go down
Cs. teket- eza, -ezwa, bum, destroy (fall down, slip down), pull down,
by fire. (Cf. choma, angamia, &c. Nt. telemuka, or tclemka, go
potea.)
down, descend, slope downwards,
run (slide, fall), down a steep
Tekeza, v. cause to arrive, bring place. (Cf. follg. and telea, also
to an end. E. g. t. chombo pwani, syn. shuka, anguka, poromoka.)
bring a vessel to the shore. T. roho,
die. (Cf. syn. Jikiza, and tekelea.
Telemuko, n. (maand ToloDist. teka, take off.)
mko, act (manner, place, &c.) of
going down, descent, slope,
Tekua, v. break down, break declivity, hill, fall of the ground,
up. See Ekua, which is a variant, downward tendency. (Cf. prec.
also Wekua. Also for telekua, and mshuko.)
teekua, e. g. tekua chungtt mekoni,
take a cooking pot off the fire.
Teli, n. gold thread, gold
See Tele- kua.
braid. Also teli ya thahabu, gold
thread, teliya fetha, silver thread.
Tele, n. plenty, abundance, and (Hind. Cf. uzi, zari.)
a.
plentiful,
many,
mnch,
abundant. Maji tele, or^<z tele,
*Telki, n. the quick ambling
plenty of water. Alirnpa tele, he step of a donkey, half walk, half
gave him a quantity. (Cf. syn. run. End a telki, step quickly, go at
-ingi, marithawa. Dist. teli.)
a trot or run. (Ar. Cf. common
syn. 13. mbio.)
Telea,v.
come
(go)
down,descend, disembark,but
Tema, v. (1) cut, slash, cut up,
in Z. only in tele- rti'ka (which cut in strips, e. g. with a knife,
see). Cs.teleza,e.g. (i) cause to sword, or tool. T. rniti (tniwa, kuni),
come down, cause to fall; and so cut down (small) trees (sugar(2) be slippery. Also (3) intens. cane, firewood). T. nakshi, carve.
slip, slide, fall by slipping. T. ulimi, cut a tenon. (2) spit out,
Ameteleza kwa migttu akaanguka, his expectorate. T. mate (kikohozi),
feet slipped and he fell. Inchiyate- spit out saliva (phlegm). Ps.
leza, the ground is slippery. Hence termua. Nt. tetneka. Ap. tem-ea,
telezesha, cause to slip, make slide. -ewa. Cs. tern -esha, -eshwa. (C f.
(Cf. utelezi, telezi.)
kata, chonga, chanja, pasua.)

Tembe, n. (), a hen fullgrown but not yet laying. (Cf.

kuktt, koo.)

Tembea, v. go about, take a

walk,
stroll,
wander, take
exercise, go on a tour,usually
for pleasure, not point to point
walking, but also of a business
round. Sometimes (like zunguka)
of a loose, unprincipled, immoral
way of living. E.g. ame- kwenda
tembea, he has gone for a walk.
Akili zake zatembea, his mind is
wandering. Pa kit tembea, a
pleasure- ground. Ap. temb-elea,
-elewa, e. g. go to visit, call on,
walk about in, &c. Jitembe lea, go
a stroll, go on a pleasure trip.
Fimbo ya kutemb- elea, a fancy
walking-stick. Rp. tembeIcana, call
on each other, be on visiting
terms. Cs. temb-eza, -ezwa, cause
to walk about,and so, hawk
al>out for sale, advertise, parade,
make a show of, send (employ) to
sell goods, show (a stranger)
round a town, &c. Chcma chajiuza,
kibaya chajitembeza, a good thing
sells itself, a bad thing tries to
(and fails). (Cf. follg.)
Tembezi, n. usu. in plur. matembezi, a walk, stroll, tour, walking
exercise, &c. (Cf. tembea, utembesi.)
Tembo, n. (i) an elephant,the
regular word in Z. but elsewhere
often ndofu. Mkono 0 tembo, trunk

TEMSI

of an elephant,also the name

of a species of banana. (2) palmwine, the fermented sap of the
cocoanut tree (cf. gema). (3) name
of a fish.
*Temsi, n. filigree work.
Tena, adv. and conj., then,
secondly, farther, in addition,
also, next, still, again, afterwards.
A common connective
of
sentences, like hatta and na,
denoting sequence, succession,
repetition. Nimesema tena na tena, I
have said it again and again. Na
tena ? and then ? what next ? Akajnpiga tena, and he beat him a
second time, again. (Kr. suggests
a connexion with the Ar. root of
the second numeral, e. g. in
miteen, two hundred.)

308

TENGENEA

practicable,and jitendekeza, (1) get

to be able to do, learn by practise,
achieve; and also (2) make a
display, show off an achievement.
Also tendeana. Ap. tend-ea, -ewa,
e. g. do to (for, on behalf of,
with, in, against),commonly
of favourable treatment (see
above). Cs. tend-esha, -eshwa,
-eza, -ezwa. Rp. tendana. (Cf. as
above, and utenzi.)
Tende, n. (), (1) fruit of
the date palm mtende, a date,
grown in small quantities in Z.,
but largely imported from
Arabia. Hence rudi- sha tende
Manga, send dates back to
Arabia,of proverbial folly.
(2) also teende, swelling of the
limbs, elephantiasis.

Tenda, v. do, act, practise. The

Tendegu, n. (ma-), leg of a
most common and comprehensive native bedstead. (Cf. kitanda.)
word denoting action, operation,
Tenga, v. separate, set (put,
use of energy or force (cf. tendo,
kitendo,
utendaji).
Often move, take) apart (aside), remove,
withdraw,
divide off. Jitenga,
synonymous with fanya, e. g. tenda
kazi, fanya kazi, tenda verna, fanya withdraw oneself, move out of the
vema, but also broadly contrasted way. Ps.. tengwa. Nt. tengeka. Ap.
with it, as do with make, action or teng- ea, -ewa. Cs. teng-esha,
operation with production. See -eshwa, -eza, -ezwa. Rp. tengana.
Fanya. The simple stem tenda, (Cf. tengo, tengano, and syn. ondoa,
when used with a direct personal weka nibali, farikisha, and dist.
object, denotes not only direct tengea, tengeza, follg.)
acting upon, or treatment of, the
Tengea, Tengeza, v. also
person, but also commonly unelea,
Tengeleza,
favourable action or bad treatment Teng(cf. a similar use of the simple Tengeleka, v. are variants of
stems, fanya, sema, amba), in tengenea, &c. with same
contrast to the Ap. form of the meanings.
stem, implying favourable action
Tengenea, v. (with variants as
and treatment. E. g. akutendaye
umtende, do harm to him who does prec.), be settled, be arranged, be
harm to you. Sungura amenitenda in good order, be in state of
leo, the rabbit has done (what he comfort . (rest, well-being, &c.).
liked to) me today. n. jitenda, E. g. duka Ihnetengenea, the shop is
sometimes act as, pretend to be, duly furnished (stocked, fitted,
make oneself. Ps. tendwa, e. g. ready). Upepo umetengenea, the
ametendwa mengi, he has endured wind is steady, has regularly set
much ill-treatment. Nt. tendeka, e. in. Chombo Umetengenea, the vessel
g. be done, be practicable,and is in good order (in trim). (So
hence, tendekeza, i.e. cause to be tengea, tengelea.) Cs. tengen-eza,

-ezwa, also tengeza, tengeleza, put to {no), as a Cs., i.e. set at variance

rights, repair, put in order, (with). (Cf. mtesi, utesi, teso, and syn.
arrange, oorrect, settle, bring to a sumbua, uthi, chokoza.)
happy
conclusion,
make
Teso, n. {via-), suffering,
comfortable.
E.
g.jumbe
hutengeneza shughuli za inchiyake, affliction, pain, trial, persecution,
adversity.
(Cf. tesa, uniivu, uthia.)
the chief administers the affairs of
his country. Muungti haharibu neno,
Teta, v. (i) act or speak
ilia ku- tengeneza neno, Gods work
strive,
insist,but
is not to destroy, but to set right. strongly,
generally (2) oppose (by word or
Hence
action), act or speak against,
contradict,
protest,
iengenezeia {tengezeia). Also te- obstruct,
dispute, quarrel, go to law. Often
ngeitezana.
(Cf. follg. and syn. with tia, C. g. ameteta tin mi, he
disputed with me. Ps. teteiua. Nt.
ongoa,fattyiza.)
Tengeneo,
n.
{via-'), teteka. Ap. tet-ea, -ova, e. g. act
arrangement, orderly disposition, (sneak) for (against, in, at, &c.),
administration, regulation. (Cf. defend, attack, oppose, support).
Cs. tei-esha, -eshwa. Rp. tetana, e.
prec., and syn.
g. quarrel, wrangle, be at enmity.
daraka, maongozi.')
n
Tengo, n. {via-), outrigger,of
(Cf. teto, and syn. bis ha, suia,
a canoe. (Cf. galawa.)
shindaiia.)
Tengua, v. Rv. of tenga, with
Tete, n. grain fully formed, but
similar meaning,move off, put not fully ripe or hard. Tete za
on one side. Nt. tenguka. (Cf. vitavia, or mtama tete, of millet in
tenga.)
this stage. Chicken-pox is called
tete za kwanga, also tete kxvanga,
Tepetea, v. be utterly slack titiwanga.)
(idle, indolent, listless, unstrung,
relaxed). (Cf. follg. and legea.)
Teton, v. cackle,of a hen.
-tepetevu, a. lazy, listless,
Tetema, v. tremble, shake,
slack, &c. (Cf. prec., and syn. quake, quiver. Commonly in the
-legcfu, -vivu, -zevtbe.)
Nt., i. e. tetevieka, e. g. natetevieka
kwa hovia, I am shivering with
Teremea, v. and Terema, be at fever, i. e. in the cold stage of
ease, be free from care and malarious fever. Inchi inatetemeka,
anxiety, be cheerful (happy, the earth quakes. Cs. tetevi-esha,
comfortable). Nt. terenicka (in -eshwa. (Cf. follg. and tikisa, suia.)
same sense). Cs. terem-esha,
-eshwa. Teremesha mgeni, make a
Tetemeko {ma-)f also Tetemo,
guest comfortable, at his case, e. shaking, trembling, shivering. (Cf.
g. cheer up, gladden, relieve, put tetema.)
at ease. (Cf. mteremo, mtcre- vteshi,
and syn. changam'ka, cheia.)
Teteri, n. name of a small kind
of dove.
Tesa, v. afflict, cause trouble
(pain, anxiety, loss) to, persecute,
Teto, n. {ma-), objection, arguharass, tease, &c. Ps. ttST.ua. Nt. ment, plea, protest. (Cf. teta.)
teseka. Ap. tes-ea, -ova. Cs. tesc-sha,
-shiua. Rp. tesana, whence tesanya

TEMSI

Teua, v. (1) choose, select, pick

out; (2) be dainty, critical,
fastidious. {Chagua is commonly
used in Z.) Ps. teuliwa. Nt. teulika.
(Cf. -teule, viteua, viteuzi.)
Teuka, v. be put out of place,
be strained (sprained),a variant
of teguia (which see).
-teule, a. (same with D 4 (P), D
5 (S), D 6), choice, select,
eligible, of best quality. (Cf. teua,
-e being a passive termination.)
-teuzi,a. dainty, fastidious,
critical. (Cf. teua, viteuzi.)
Tozi, n. (), (1) stem, poop,
of a ship (cf. shetri); (2) a
tumour,
glandular
swelling,
goitre, wen.
TH, as used in this book,
represents the same sounds as in
English, i. c. th both in that and
thin. These sounds in Swahili
words represent the four Arabic
consonants tha, thal, thad, and thah,
the
three
latter
.being
pronounced as th in then. To
represent this latter sound, Dh, D,
and Z arc regularly used in much
of the increasing Swahili printed b

308

TENGENEA

literature, while the th of thin is

written as th or s. Bishop Steeres
practice is, however, here adhered
to, as not only convenient, but
practically sufficient, if the
following rule is remembered.
Always pronounce th as in then,
except (i) in numerals involving
the Arabic words for 2, 3, and 8,
e. g. thelatha, thenashara, themanini,
&c.; (2) rithi, inherit, thubutu,
make firm, and their cognates; (3)
hadithi, thaw abu, thamani, methali,
and some other words of little
practical importance,in which
cases th is pronounced as in thin.
Words not found under Th may be
looked for under Z or S. When
initial th is to be pronounced as in
thin, Th is printed in italics.-. Obs.
In a few words Th is used in
Swahili for' the Arab, consonant
Shin, e. g. theluji, snow, themanini,
eighty, &c.
.
*Thabihu, n. (), a sacrifice,
an offering,both act and object.
Sometimes also v. sacrifice, offer.
(Ar. Cf. mathbahu, altar, mathbuha,
victim, and syn. sadaka, kafara,
toleoi)

*77jabiti, a. (1) firm, strong;

(2) resolute, brave, steadfast,of
persons and things. (Ar. Cf.
thubutu, uthabiti, and syn. imara,
-gutnu, -shupafu.)
*Thababu, n. gold. (Ar. For
metals cf. tnadini.)
*Thahiri, a. evident, plain,
clear. Also as v. make clear,
explain, show. (Ar. Cf. thihirisha,
uthahiri, and syn. wazi, baini.)
*Thaifu, a. and -thaifu, (1)
weak, feeble, infirm, powerless;
(2) of a poor quality, deficient,
insignificant,
mean,
base,
despicable. E. g. ki- jumba cha
udongo thaifu, a mud hovel is not

stable. Killa kitendo thaifu kiko

kwake, he is an example of every
kind of baseness. (Ar. Cf. thoofika,
uthaifu, and syn. thalili, hafifu,
-nyonge.')

*Thalili, a. low, poor, abject

wretched. (Ar. Cf. thaifu, and

maskini, hohe hahe,fukara.)
a.
unjust,
THANA
371 Thalimu, THIKI
oppressive,
tyrannical,
, or not. Tharnma tta wewe, and you fraudulent, violent. Sometimes as

as well. (Ar.)

v. be unjust, &c., but commonly

(Ar. Cf. uthalimu,
*Thana, n. (), thought, idea, thulumu.
thulumu, and syn. jeuri, -korofi.)
notion, suspicion. (Ar. Cf. follg.)
*Thama, conj. See Thamma.
Thani, v. think, be of opinion,
fancy, suppose, suspect. Ap. than- (Ar.)
ia, -iwa, think of (about, in favour
*7^amana, n. (), a surety,
of, against, &c.), suspect. E. g. guarantee,
warrant, certificate,
amethaniwa mwivi, he is suspected bail. lYeka th., find bail, give
of being a thief. (Ar. Cf. thana, surety. (Ar. Cf. thamini, and
and syn. jikiri, waza, nia.)
amana.)

*Thara, n. usually in plur., i. e.

*7/fcamani, n. (), price,
mathara, hurt, harm, violence. (Ar. value, estimation. -a thamani,
Cf. thuru, and syn. jetiri, thulumn, valuable, precious. v. value,
hasara.)
appraise, put a value on, price. ,
tha- maniwa. Nt. thamanika. Cs.
Tharau, v. scorn, slight, Bs.
-ishwa. (Ar. Cf. kadiri,
despise, treat with contempt, thaman-isha,
bei, and dist. zamani, often
insult.
Ps.
tharauliwa.
Nt. kima,
,
tharaulika. Ap. tharau-lia, -liwa. Cs. written thamani, or dh.)
tharau-fisha, -lishwa. n. scorn,
Thambi, n. (, and ma-),
contempt,
crime, religious offence, sin, i.e.
of* the worst class (worse
insult. E. g. usifanye tharau yakd, do offence
hatiya, and kosa), but from
not bring contempt on yourself. than
the
Mahommedan point of
(Ar. Cf. tweza, hizi, tusha,fithulia.')
view, i. e. formal and utilitarian
Thdruba,n.
(),
also rather than moral. (ArA
Thdruba, describes anything
* Thamini, v. guarantee,
sudden and violent, e. g. (i) become
be sponsor, give
stroke, blow, rush,blow of an bail, go surety,
bail. Huyu amemthamini
axe, charge of an elephant, a rafikiye, this
has gone bail
sudden calamity. Thdruba moja, at for his friend.man
Tumemthamini kama
a blow, in a moment, all of a tutamliph, we have
certified him
sudden. (2) in arithmetic, multi- that we will pay him.
(Ar. Cf.
plication; (3) a hurricane, storm of thamana, and amanai)
wind and rain, tempest. (Ar., and
obs. Ar.* zaaba, a storm, which
Thamiri, n. thought, mind,
seems confused with it. Cf. syn. inner
consciousness, conscience.
ghdfula, marra moja, and for Ni thamiri yake kufanya vita, his real
storm tufane.)
intention is to make war. Also as
think of, intend, e. g.
Thawabu, n. (), a reward, v.
kwa yale aliyothamiria,
gift,but esp. as from God. (Ar. 'akamsamehe
and he forgave him the thoughts
Cf. for gifts generally bakshishi.)
of his heart. (Ar. Cf. thana, nia,
*7^elatha, n. and a., three, kusudi, wazo, jnoyo.)
but usually tatu in Z. (Ar. Cf.
*Thamma, conj. (1) alike,
theluth, thtlitashnra, thelathini.)
equally, therewith, at the same
Theluji, n. (), snow. time (cf. ?namoja); (2) then, next,
also, too. E.g. thamma wamwonapo
na.wasi- pomwona, alike whether
they see him

Natives compare it with maehicha baini.)

ya nazi, grated cocoanut. (Ar.)
-thihirifu, a. clear, evident,
Tfleluthi,
n.
a
third plain, like thahiri. (Cf. prec.)
(fractional) part. (Ar. Cf. thdatha.)
Thii, v. (1) waste away, pine,
T/fcemani, n. and n., be spoiled, be consumed ; (2) be
also*7^e- manya, eight,but hard driven, be ruined, be
usually ttane in Z. (Ar. Cf. follg. distressed. Ps. thiiwa. Nt. thiika. K.
and themuni.)
g. ngno zimethiika, the clothes arc
spoilt
(eaten
away).
Cs.
* Themanini, n. and a., eighty. thiisha,thiishwa.
E.g.
mchwa
-a th., eightieth.
wanathiisha nyumba, the white ants
arc spoiling the house. Muutigu
7^emantashara, n. and a., anamthiisha, God is sending him
eighteen. -a th., eighteenth. (Ar. ruin. (Ar. Cf. uthia, uthi, and follg.,
Cf. prec.)
and syn. chakaa, angamia, Jifa.)
* 7%emuni , n. and a. also 7%
Thiki, v. press hard on, put in
umuni, 7/iumni, an eighth difficulties, reduce to straits,
(fractional) part. Nttssu ya themuni, distress. Ps. thikiwa.* Nt. thikika,
a sixteenth part. Used of a quarter for which thiki is also used, i.c. be
rupee, i. e. an eighth of a dollar, hardabout four- * pence.
pressed, be in difficulties, e. g.
*7^enashara, n. and a., twelve. kama umethikika na neiio, unambie,
a th., twelfth. (Ar. Cf. follg. and if you are in any difficulty, tell
ashara.)
me. Ap. thih-ia, -iwa. Cs. thikisha,
intens. n. (i*) narrowness,
*7%eneen, n. and a., two,but want of space, confinement ; (2)
usually pi lit -wili, in Z. (Ar. being pressed,
ithneen. Cf. prec.)
annoyance, distress, &c. (cf;
Thihaka, n. (), mockery, uthiki). (Ar. Cf. syn. temea, funga,
ridicule, scorn. (Ar. Cf. follg., and kwama, sumbua, &c.)
syn. mzaha, ubishi, meheko.)
*Thikri, n. (), name of a DerThihaki, v. ridicule, mock, vish dance practised in Z. (Ar. inderide, make fun of. E. g. vocation,the
dance
being
kunithihaki, knnifanya (kunifanyizia) accompanied by the repeated
thihaka, to mock me. Ps. thihakiwa. invocation Allah hai, God the
Nt, thihakika. Ap. thihak-ia, -iwa. Living One.)
Cs. thihak-isha, -ishwa.
*Thili, v. abase, humble, bring
Thihiri, v. make plain, be low, set at nought. Ps. thiliwa. Nt.
plain, but usu. inderiv.stems. thilika. Ap. thil-ia, -iwa. Cs. thilPs. thihiri- wa, e. g. (1) exposure isha,-ishwa. Rp. thiliana. n. ()
for sale, show ; (2) make clear, and Thulli, mean condition,
explain. Nt. thihiri ka.
Ap. abasement, low state. a. low,
thihir-ia, -iwa. Cs.
mean, despicable. (Ar. Cf. - tkilifu,
uthilifu, and syn. tiisha, aibisha.)
thihir-isha, -ishwa, make plain, explain, show clearly. (Ar. Cf.
-thilifu, a. and -tilifu, poor,
thahiri, and syn. eleza, fafanua, mean,
insignificant.
Also

THANA

371

THIKI

sometimes a verb thilifu, reduce,

*Thurea, n. a chandelier. (? Ar.
make mean (poor, small), and a group of stars.)
thilif-ika, -isha, become poor,
*Thuru, v. hurt, damage, cause
mean, &c. (Ar. Cf. prec.)
loss or injury to, harm,
*Thiraa, n. (), a cubit, sometimes in neut. sense, be hurt,
measure of length, from elbow to e.g. amechoka amethuru, he was
fingertip, thiraa kamili, or to the weary and wounded (after a
knuckle, thiraa konde,about 18 fight). Haithuru, a common
inches, half a yard (wari). expression, meaning it does not
Commonly called mkono (which matter, it is all the same,
see). (Ar. For other measures cf. nevermind' (cf. mamoja). Ps.
shibiri, pima.)
thuriwa. Nt. thurika. Ap. thur-ia,
-iwa. Hence thuriaiia. Cs. thur-isha,
*Thoofika, v. become weak -ishwa. (Cf. thara, and syn. hasiri,
(infirm, feeble), lose strength potezai)
(force). Also sometimes thoofu.
(Cs. thoof- isha, -.ishwa, weaken.
Tia, v. (1) put, place, set; (2)
(Ar. Cf. thaifu.)
r apply, use, employ, bring to bear;
*77mbutu, v. (1) be firm,
resolute, convinced, proved ; (2)
venture, dare, have the courage to.
Ps. thubutiwa. Nt. thubutika. Ap.
thubut-ia, -iwa.
Cs.
thubutisha, - ishwa, e. g.
establish, prove, make firm
(strong). (Ar. Cf. thabiti, uthabiti,
inathu- butu.)
.
*Thuku, v. taste, try the taste
of, but commonly onja is used.
(Ar. Cf. ta/nu, luththa.)*
*Thulli, n. also Uthulli, Duli,
Uduli, and Thili, abject condition,
misery, distress. (Ar. See Thili.)
*Thulumu, v. also Thalimu,
treat unjustly, defraud, oppress.
Ps. thulumiwa. Nt. tlmluviika. Ap.
thulum-ia, -iwa. Rp. thulumiana. Cs.
thulum-isha, -ishwa. n. {ma-)y
injustice,
fraud,
oppression,
violence. (Ar. Cf. thalimu, and syn.
jeuri, onea.)

*Thumu, n. also Somu, garlic.

(Ar. Cf. kitunguu, somu.)

( 3 ) cause, effect, affect

with, bring about. One
of the commonest verbs
in Swahili, used freely
in all the above senses,
translatable according
to the sense of the noun
with which it is
associated, and often
forming one verbal
notion
with
it.
Synonymous in many
senses with weha, also
very common (which
compare), but (generally speaking) in weha
the action is regarded as
ending with itself (i. e.
put, and leave, put and
have done with it), in tia
the action involves
some further effect, or
something else affected
by it, i. e. put to, apply,
add. E. g. tia maji, put
water (somewhere, in
something), add water,
dilute. T. dawa, apply
medicine. T. rangi, paint.
T.giza, darken. T. nguvu,
(1) apply force ;
(2)
encourage,

*7/&umuni, n. See T^emuni.

(Ar.)
strengthen. T. natiga, cast anchor.

T. ugonjwa, cause illness, infect tibuka. (Cf. ehafua, and follg.)

with

disease. T. makali, sharpen, make

sharp. T. mashaka {mat at a), canse
(inspire) doubts, perplex. T. hofu,
frighten. T. aibu, disgrace. T. nia
{moyo), apply thought, consider
seriously,
so
tia
moyoni
{maanani). T. asikari, employ
soldiers, set a guard. T. utumwani,
enslave. T. chuotii, send to school.
T. kazitti, set to a job. T. roho, risk
ones life. T. rnfalme, call in
(appeal to, bring to bear) the
chief. Jitia uwele, pretend illness.
Ps. tiwa. Nt. not used. Ap. tilia,
tilixva, tilika, e. g. akattitilia
mxvanatigu tidin', and he infected
my child for me with smallpox.
Wajitiliani marietta kayo ? Why do
you thrust yourself into this
discussion ? Hence tiliiia, tililixva,
in various special operations, c. g.
tiliiia uzi, dam. Also tiliana, and
(rarely used) tilisha, tililisha. Cs.
never used (i. e. tiza, tisha). Kp.
liana. ( Tia has no cognate words,
and two of the commonest deriv.
stems, Nt. and Cs., are never
heard. Cf. generally weka, as
above.)

-tifu, a. loose, crumbling, dustlike, dusty,also tifutifu. E.g.

mchattga mtifu, fine sand. Also a n.
tifu{ma-\ e.g. tifu la mchattga jittgi, a
great cloud of sand, sand-storm,
or ?mass of loose sand. Fattya tifu,
make a dust. (Cf. follg.)
Tifua, v. cause to rise like dust,
stir up, make a dust. Nt. tifuka.
(Cf. prec.)
*Tii, v. obey, submit to, be
docile (obedient, submissive). Ps.
tiiioa, be obeyed, &c. E. g. hatii-wi
na rnkewe, he is-not- obeyed by his
wife. Nt. tiikcu, like tii, i. e. be
obedient. Cs. tii-sha, -shwa, i. e.
reduce to obedience, subdue. (Ar.
Cf. taa, ttlii, and follg. Only the
simple tii is commonly used, but
obs. tisha, v. frighten,similar in
general meaning, and perh. the
same word as above. For syn. cf.
sikia, tumikia, shika miguu.)
*-tii, a. obedient, docile,
submissive. (Ar. Cf. prec. and
syn. sikiftt.)

*Tiki, n. used of the edging of

*Tiabu, n. a game played by red or white silk stitched round
throwing up bits ol stick, and the neck of a native dress {katizu).
watching how they fall (Str.). (For (Ar. necklace, collar.)
games cf. mehezo.)
*Tiki, adv. or better Diki,
*Tiara, n. a kite,the childs exactly, just, just so, in the same
way,
m the very way. (Cf. Ar.
toy. (Cf. kishada, burutangi.)
diqat.)

*Tibu, v. treat medically, give

Tikisa, v. (1) cause to shake,
aid to, attend, treat (as a patient),
cure. Ps. tibixva. Nt. tibika. (Ar. Cf. wave, move to and fro; (2) make
tabibu,and syn. uguza,alika,gattga.) restless, agitate, excite, e.g. tikisa
mti, tunda zifate kupiikutika c/iitti ,
Tibu, n. perfume, scent, shake a tree, so that the fruit drops
fragrance. Also a term of off. Tikisa ittchi kwa filitta, disturb a
endearment, sweet. (Ar. Cf. country by rebellion. Ps. tikiszua.
Nt. ti- kisika (and tikitika, cf.
marashi, tnanukalo.)
tukutika). Ap. tikis-ia, -iwa. Cs. iikisTibua, v. (1) stir up, make isha,
muddy ; (2) excite, provoke. Tibua
Kp. tikisana. (Cf. syn.
tttaji, stir up the mud in water. Nt. -ishwa.

THANA
371
tukutiza, suka, tetemesha} pttttga.) .
Tikiti, n. {ma-), a water melon,
fruit of mtikiti.

*Tikitiki, adv. in small pieces,

to the last bit, utterly, completely,
c. g. pottda tikitiki, crush to dust.
Ozat., rot away. (Ar. dcuq, fine
powder, i. c. dikidiki.)
Timarau, n. completion, completed state, perfected condition.
a. complete, perfect. (Ar. Cf.
timia, -ttmilifu, tamrna, and syn.
kamili, -zittta, -etc.)

Timaai, n. plummet, i.c. a small

stone suspended by a string, used
by masons. (Cf. bildi, chtmvi.

THIKI

)Timbi, n. bracelet, armlet,

the most general word. (For
various kinds cf. kekee, kikuku,
banagiri, dodi, kingaja, kikoa,

come. Nimetindikiwa maziwa, my

milk has failed me, has run short.
Cs. tindik-isha, -ishwa. Rp. tindikiatia, e. g. be cut off from each
seng'enge.)
other, be separated, alienated. (?
Same root as chinja, chinjika,this
Timia, v. be complete, perfect, latter retaining a specialized
whole, finished, fulfilled, accom- meaning. Tindika is not much
plished, done. E. g. wakati heard in Z. Cf. Undo, and syn.
umetimia, the time is ended, is isha,katika,punguka.)
come. So of kazi, deni, a task, a
debt, &c. Ahadi imetimia, the
Tindo, n. a hard chisel,for
promise is carried out. Ap. timi-lia, cutting metal, &c. (Cf. prec.)
-liwa, -lika, e. g. be finished for,
Tine, n. prepuce, when
&c., or, be finished off, become
complete. Hence timi-liza, -lizwa. removed by circumcision. Also, a
Cs. timi-za, -zxva, and hence timiz- person circumcised. (Cf. govi, and
ia, -iwa. (Ar. Cf. -timilifu, utimizo, tahiri.)
tamma, timamu, and syn. maliza,
Tinge, n. (), a favourite
kamilika, A A a, tindika.)
dancing game. (Cf. follg.)
-timilifu, a. perfect, complete,
Tingisha, v. like Tikisa, cause
finished, consummated. (Ar. Cf.
to shake, e. g. tingisha inchi, make
prec. and utimilifu.)
the ground shake,by dancing. T.
Timka, v. trot, run, amble,of ernbe, shake down tnangoes,off
the running movement of an a tree. Nt. tingika. (Cf. tinge.)
animal. Cs. tints ha. (Cf.
telki,
*Tini, n. (), (i) a fig, fruit of
kimbia.)
the mtini. (Ar.)
(2)
*Timu, v. be complete, sometimes
finished, but commonly timia
used for the 5 gal. oil-tin, in
(which see). (Ar.)
which American petroleum is
Timvi, n. and Chimvi, one who often sold in Z., but this is
is considered of ill-omen, commonly debe. (Eng.)
unlucky, a menace to family or
Tipitipi, n. (ma-), a brown bird
neighbours, usually a child, e.
g. one bom with upper front teeth common in Z.
or other peculiarities.
(Cf.
Tiririka, v. glide,' trickle, slide
kijego, and perh. kititnbi,
along, e.g. of the movement of a
utiinbi,b
and
v
being snake, of water, &c. (Cf. churninterchanged, cf. jainvia, jatnbia.)
zika.)

Tisha, v. frighten, overawe,

-tindi, a. in an unripe stage,
half- grown. Used of mtama, menace, strike with terror, e.g.
muhindi, &c. (Cf. mtindi, and syn. alimtiska tu, hakutaka kumua, he
-bichi.)
only frightened him, he did not
mean to kill him. Ps. tishwa. Nt.
Tindika, v. be cut off, fall short, tishika. Ap. tish-ia, -iwa. Rp.
fail, be finished, come to an end. tishana. (Cf. tisho, kitisho, utisho,
Ap. tindik-ia, -iwa, e. g. be lacking and obs. similarity of some forms
to, fail to. Tindikia kuja, fail to of tii, v. obey. Cf. syn. hofisha,

ogofya.)

TIMBI

374

Tisho, n. {ma-), that which

terrifies, a menace, a scare. (Cf.
prec., and syn. ogofya, kioja, afa.)
*Tissa, n. and a. and Tissya,
nine. -a tissa, ninth. (Ar. Cf.
tissata- shara, and common B.
kenda.)

*Tissaini,n.and

ninety,
Toa, v. one of the commonest
(Cf. Swahili verbs (cf. piga, tia, weka),
with a range of meanings so wide,
and seemingly contradictory, that
follg.)
.
often the context alone defines
Tissatashara, n. and a., them. The most general idea is *
nineteen.
-a
tissatashara, put out, and this idea is
nineteenth. (Ar. Cf. tissa, and prec. developed in two main lines,A.
. Also syn. kumi na kenda.)
put
forward,
offer,
make
prominent; B. put away, reject,
Tita, n. {ma-), a bundle of fire- totally exclude,this latter being
wood, a faggot. v. (1) tie up in so marked that toa is regularly
bundles, make faggots of, i. used to express actual negation,
e.funga (or, piga) tifa; (2) make the negativing of an idea, and thus
carry (a bundle, or load). Nt. to supply an auxiliary of negation
titika, e. g. mtumwa ametitika mzigo when combined with other verbs,
na bwana wake, the slave has been e. g. kutoa kufanya forms the
given a load to carry by his Infinitive of the Negative
master. Cs. titi-sha, *shwa, (i) cause Conjugation, i.e. not to do, and is
to tie in bundles; ( a) intens. make often shortened to kutoa fatty a, and
carry a load. (Not often used in Z. kutofanya. The following meanings
Cf. ftinga, chukuza, pagaza.)
and constructions may be noted
many, all traceable to the
Titf, n. (ma-)f teat, nipple of among
idea of putting out, while the
breast. (But ettda kwa mat it i examples arc often capable of
means * trot, v. ? Cf. kititi.)
different
and
contradictory
translations, e.g. A. (i) show,
display,
See., /. tturtt,
Titia, v. shake, begin to sink,
give way, break up,e.g. of a shine. T. met to, show the teeth.
rotten roof, and perh. of a rough- Toa taa, display (or, remove) the
sea. Nt. titika, with similar sense. lamp. 71 hadithi, tell a story. 71
show fierceness (bravery).
Titima, v. roll, rumble,as ukali,maua
, cause flowers to grow.
thunder. Cs. titim'sha. (Perh. a 71
give, supply, produce,in this
variant of tetema, tut urn a, which (2)
sense regularly used for -pa, give
see.)
(in cases where the objective pfx.
Titiwanga, n. also ELitiwanga, is absent, and pa therefore cannot
Tetekwanga, names for an be used), e.g. t. mail, give money.
eruptive fever, chicken-pox, rose- T. gharama nyittgi, lay out large
sums. T. njia, grant right of way.
rash.
Also (3) take out, produce,in
-atissa- ini, ninetieth.
Ar. tissa, and

a.,

TITA

-to, a terminal suffix not

commonly used in Z., but capable
of being added to any appropriate
noun or verb form to denote good
quality, high degree, pleasing
manner, i. e. excellence generally.
E. g. manukato, sweet, high-class
perfumes. Kunyokato, to be
properly straightened. Kazi ya- ngu
ifanycto, do my work well.

contrast with -pa, e.g. akatoa rufia

akampa, and he took out a rupee,
and gave it him. (4) offer,
propose, make a plan of, arrange,
e.g. toa sola mu, salute. T. skauri,
offer advice. 71 ttyumba, design a
house. T. kazi, supply occupation,
work.
T.
sharti,
propose
conditions. 71 siku, arrange a day.
B. (with the idea of removal,
bringing to an end, negation, more
or less prominent, and often
synonymous with ondoa).
(1)
take out, deliver,
select, except, e.g. /. ttdani, take
from within. T. hatarini, save from
danger. Akamtoa tia ttyumba, and he
turned her out of the house. (2)
give up, resign, yield, e.g. adui
wakajitoa, the enemy surrendered.
( 3 ) force out, make come or
go out, dismiss, take
away. Mtu It tty u ataka
kututoa roko zelu, this
man wishes to take our
lives. T. frasi shoti, make
a horse gallop, get a
gallop out of him. T.
utakosa,
remove
blemishes,
correct
mistakes. T. ntirnba,
produce abortion. (4)
refuse, decline, fail (to
do), e.g. sababu ya kutoa
kunirithisha, because of
refusing to make me
heir. Kutoa kupenda, not
to love.
Ps. to lew
a,

e.g. be put out, put forward, put

away, be proposed, be rejected,
&c. (as above). Nt. toka, (1) come
out, appear, be rid (of), be let out;
(2) go out, go away, get out,
disappear, cease (from),in this
sense syn. with ondoka. Used with
several
constructions, e.g. toka mjini, or
toka mji, go out of the town. Toka
Ungnja, come from Zanzibar. Toka

utumwani, be set free from slavery.

Toka katika chombo, disembark
from a vessel. Natoka kumwuzia
pembe, I have just been (or, come
from) selling ivory to him. Toka

(Im- perat.), Come out! But often

of peremptory dismissal, Get out!
Begone ! Off with you ! Toka has
often
a
semi-transitive
construction, e. g. anatoka damn,
he is coming out with blood, i. e.
he is bleeding. Damu inamtoka,
blood is coming out of him. Thus
the same thing may be described
by kutoa moshi and kutoka moshi,
according to the prominence of
the idea of agency, e.g. of a
smoker and his pipe. Hence a Ps.
form tokwa, e.g. tokwa na hari
(damu, machozi, roho), of perspiring
(bleeding, shedding tears, dying),
(For toka as preposition, see
below.) Toka has various deriv.
stems, viz. (a) tokea, tokewa, and
perh. tokeka, e.g. (i) come out to
(for, against, in, &c., but j-arely
from, which is usually toka only),
e. g. akatoka mji akatokea mji
mwingine, and he left the town,
and appeared at another town. Alitokewa na malaika, he was
appeared to by an angel, i, e. an
angel appeared to him; (2) result
(from), be a consequence (of),
mambo mabaya yato- kea na mtoto
huyu, evil consequences follow
from this child ;
(3) tokea

is used simply as * appear, come

on the scene, come out. Tokea nje,
come (appear) outside. Hence
another Ap. form toke-lea,-lewa,
e.g. nimetokelewa na mgeni, I had a
sudden visit from a stranger,
and so tokeleza. (b) tok-eza, -ezwa,
and hence tokez-ea, -ewa, also tokezesha, -ezeshwa, and tokezana, (1)
cause to come out, make project
(or prominent); or (2) intens.
come out, ooze out, project,
protrude, be prominent, e. g. jiwe
latokeza mno, the stone projects too
far. Jino latokeza nje, the tooth is

TIMBI

374

forcing its way out. Sindano cf. ngornal)

TITA

inatokeza nchayake, inato- kea kwa

pili, the needle is getting its point *Toba, n. repentance, penitence,

through, it is appearing on the

other side. Mwana chuoni ametokeza maneno mabaya kwa watu, the
teacher has foreshadowed bad
news to the people. Muungu alimtokezea, God appeared to him in a
special way. (c) tokana, leave each
other, part (from), e.g.huyu
ametokana na mkewe, this man has
parted from his wife. Ap. tolea,
tolewa, toleka, toleana, e.g. put out
for (to, from, against, with, &c.),
give to, present, offer (to), spend
(on),also, take away from,
remove from, save from, &c.
Thus kumtolea mali may mean,
spend money on, or, takeaway
money
from,a
person.
Akamtolea, witn- meno, gave him
(or, showed him, or, took from
him) his teeth,with kisimani,
took him out of the well, with
ushairi, recited to him a stanza.
Hatukutoleana heshima mimi naye ,
we failed in courtesy to each
other. (Obs. also toeza, cause to
put forth, or intens. send out, urge
forth, and perh. toeka, e. g. be put
out, vanish, disappear, but see
Toweka, Toea). Gs. toza, tozwa.
Hence tozea, toz- ewa. Also tozesha,
tozeshwa, e. g. cause to put out,
force (urge, persuade, allow, &c.)
to give, demand, extort, expose.
Also tozana. Tozea mfalme kodi,
collect taxes for the chief.
Kunitozea hakiyangu, to vindicate
my rights for me. Wahadi wa kutoza
kumwuliza, a promise not to ask
him. Rp. toana, e.g. put each other
out (or, forward), join in putting
(or going) out, e.g. walitoana katika
mji kwenda vitani, they made a
general move from the town to go
fighting. (Cf. mtoza, toleo, tokeo,
toka, tokea, toeka, utoko, and
generally ondoa.)
Toazi, n. (ma-), cymbal, large
castanet. (For musical instruments

regret, remorse. (Ar. Cf.

and syn .juto.)

gashes, &c.), scarify, tattoo, let

blood, bore the ear (for
ornament). Toja mshipa, open a
Toboa, v. bore a hole (in), vein, bleed. (Cf. toga, and follg.,
make a hole (or, passage), force a also syn. (hanja, umika.)
way (through). Ps. tobolewa. Nt.
toboka. Ap. tobo-lea, -lewa.
Cs.
Tojo, n. {ma-)t gash, cut,
incision, tattoo,whether for
(?) tobo-sha, -shwa. (Cf. follg., arid ornament, tribal mark, or medical
purjoscs. (Cf. prcc. and tiembo.)
syn. zua, pekecha, didi/nia.)
Tobwe,* n. (), (i) wood of
Toka, prep, also Tokea, from,
the tree mtobivt (which see). Hence out of, away from, starting from,
also (2) simpleton, fool. n. a since. E. g. toka huko, from
hole, also kitobwe (a pass, noun in yonder, from that time (place).
-e, from toboa (which see)).
Toka leo, from to-day onwards.
zarnani, long since. Tokea
Toea, v. also Towea (which Toka
hapo, or tokeapo, once on a time,
see).
long ago, from time immemorial.
combined with kwa, katika,
Tofaa, n. (///<z-), fruit (like a Often
to define their meaning,, or with
small apple) of the tree mtofaa.
locatives in -ni, e. g. toka nyumbani,
Tofali, n. (wa-), and Tafali, from the house, toka kwa mfalmc,
from the kings presence. (Cf.
brick, tile. (Cf. Ar. dry clay.)
toka, Nt. of toa, and follg.)
Tofauti, n. (///a-). See Tafauti.
Tokea, (1) prep. See Toka. (2)
Tofua, tofuka, v. perh. variants Ap. form from toa (toka) (which
see).
of pofua, pofuka (which see).
tubu,

Toga, v. pierce (the ear), make

incision (for ear ornament). Ps.
togwa, e. g. hutogwa, maatta hutiwa mapete katika masikio, the
meaning of togwa is, having rings
fixed in the ears. (Perhaps same as
toja (which see).)

Tokeo, n. (ma-), place (time,

act, mode) of going out
(appearing, happening); (2) outlet,
pore, e. g. matokeo ya hari, pores in
the skin (cf. kitundu, nyeleo) ; (3)
appearance, apparition, vision (cf.
itjozi);

Togwa, n. (), native beer

in
the
sweet
unintoxicating
stage,
not
fermented.

( 4 ) occurrence,
result,
consequence (cf. tukio).
(Cf. toa, tok<r,

Tohara, n. (), (1) purity,

cleanness,esp. in a ceremonial
sense, i. e. according to
Mahommcdan rules, e. g. of the
purification of a corpse. (With
reference to details, tohara is used
as a plur. from uto- hara.) Esp. (2)
circumcision. (Ar. Cf. tahiri, and
also ukumbi, weuo, ttgariba.)

Tokomea, v. vanish, disappear,

recede from view, extend beyond
the range of the eye,e. g. of the
sea, bahari inatokomea. Cs. tokomeza, -ezwa, e. g. reduce to nothing,
annihilate. (Cf. towekat and perh.

(pombe)

tokea?)

toa, toka.)

Tokosa, v. boil, cook by

boiling, of food generally. Also
Toja, v. make incisions (cuts, of frying in fat or butter, c. g.

TOBOA
tokosa tukate pamoja na sanili (or,
kwa samli), fry a cake in ghee. Of
water, pika, or chemsha, is usual.
Ps. tokoszva. Nt. tokoseka. Ap.
tokos-ea, -nva. (Cf. follg., and for
cooking, pika, upishi.)

Tokota, v. become boiled

(fried), be boiled (boiling, frying).
E. g. chungu chatokota kwa kupata
moto Sana, the pot boils by getting
very hot. (Cf. prcc.)

377
TOMBA
' Tona, v. fall in drops, drop, drip,

form a drop or dot. Also Nt.

toneka, in same sense, and hence
tonek-ea, -ewa, drop upon, e. g.
tonekea meza, drop on the table.
Ap. ton-ea, -ewa. Cs. ton-esha,
-eshwa, cause to drip (trickle,
drop),esp. of a blow or injury to
a sore place, causing it to be
painful and bleed, and so fig.
cause unnecessary pain, reopen
old griefs. Hence Ap. tonesh-ea,
-ewa, e. g. umtoneshee tone la samli
walini, pour a drop of ghee over
his rice. Hence tonesheka, and
toneshana. Rp. tonana. (Cf. tone,
tonesho, and dondoka, donda,

Tomasa, v. press, feel, knead

softlv with the fingers,of a soft
yielding substance, c. g. an
animal, or ripe fruit. (Cf. papasa,
bonye- (ha, and kanda.)
tiririka'.)
Toraba, v. have sexual
Tone, n. (, and ma-), a drop
connexion, copulate (of animals of liquid, a dot, a blot. Dim.
in general,
kitone. (Cf. tona.)
and commonly avoided as
Tonesho, n. (ma-), causing to
needlessly vulgar): Ps.
tombwa. drip, making bleed. (Cf. tona,
Rp.
tone.)

Tonga, n. Tonga la dafn, a

cocoa- nut when full of milk and
in the later stage, when the nutty
Tomea, v. used of masons part is well set and tough. (Cf.
work, bring to a surface with dafu.)
plaster and small stones the first
rough setting of stones and
Tonge, n. (, and ma-), a small
mortar. Ps. tomea. Nt. tomeka. Ap. rounded mass, a small lump or
tome-lea, -lewa.
ball, e. g. of rice or other food, as
taken in the fingers and eaten by
Cs. tomel-esha, -eskwa. (Cf. mtomo, natives. Also Donge.
and follg. Prob. for chomeo, but
retaining t, as at Mombasa, in this
Tongo, n. plur. of utongo. (See
special sense. Cf. choma.')
also Matongo.)
tomb ana.

Tombo, n. or Tomboo, a quail.

Tomoa, v. stave in, break

Tongoza, v. (i) draw aside, call
through, pierce,e. g. tomoa pipa,
stave in a barrel,with a pole or apart; (2) seduce. Ps. tongozwa.
crowbar. (Perh. same as chomoa.') Ap. tongoz-ea, -ewa. Cs. tongozTomoko, n. (ma-), a custard- esha, -eshwa. Rp. tongozana. (Cf.
apple, fruit of mtomoko, similar to kitongo, kitongoji, utongozi.)
Tope, n. (, dnd ma-), also
the tope-tope.
plur. of ntope, mud, mire, dirt.
Tomondo, n. (ma-), fruit of the Tope nyembamba, thin, soft mud.
Tope nene (nzito), thick mud. Wain
tree mtomondo.
wengi kama tope,descriptive of a

great crowd, thick as mud. (Cf. bahari waka- ittgia, they launched
follg.)
' the ship and went on board,but
commonly shua. (Cf. iota, and syn.
Topea, v. (1) sink in mud or ehovya, zamisha, didimia. Dist. toza,
dirt, be bogged ; (2) get into Cs. of toa.)
difficulties, ' get hampered
(entangled), plunge in vice. Cs.
Tosa. n. (ma-), fruit just
top-eza, -ezwa, e.g. of effect of a ripening, nearly ripe, turning
heavy load. Inchi inato- peza mignu colour, beginning to be soft. Tosa
yake, the earth makes his feet stick la embe, embe tosa, a mango getting
fast. T. kidole katika mwili, press the ripe. (Cf. -ivu, -pevu.)
finger deep into the body. (Cf.
Tosa, n. () and Toza, pipetope, iopoa, also syn. zama, tot a,
bowl for tobacco, short pipe, usu.
and perh. bopal)
of clay, with stem. (See kiko,
Tope-tope, n. (ma-), custard- which is mostly used in Z.)
apple, fruit of mtopetope.
Tosha, v. suffice, be sufficient
Topoa, v. get out of a (for),
content,
be
enough
difficulty, set free from a spell or (adequate, capable). Yamtosha kazi
charm, extricate, counteract a yoke, his task is enough for him.
poison, e. g. topoa mtu uganga, Ap. tosh-ea, -ewa, -eka. Hence
release a man from the power of a toshel-ca, ewa, and toshel-eza,
charm. Dawa ya ku- topoa, antidote. -eziua, and a further deriv. form
Ps. topolewa. Nt. topoka, e.g. toshelez-ea, -ewa, e. g. mchuzi huu
amelala illiumtopoke ulevi, he is utamtoshelezea wali wake, this gravy
asleep so that his drunkenness he will find enough for his rice.
may leave him. (? Conn, with IVatti wawili wata- mtoshelezea kazi
tope, and for Rv. force of oa, cf. yake, two men will be enough for
chomoa, bomoa, chongoa, and syn. his job. (Cf. Ar. kifu, and dist.
zingua.)
follg.)
*Torati, n. also Taurati, the law
Toshea, v. be amazed,
of Moses, the Pentateuch. (Ar.)
astounded, staggered. Also Ps.
toshewa, in same meaning,be
Toria, n. (ma-), edible fruit of struck with amazement. (Cf.
the tree mtoria. Also kitoria.
sangaa, ajabu, and dist. toshea, Ap.
of tosha.)
Toroka, v. desert, run away
(from master, home, &c.), play
Tota, v. sink down, sink in, be
truant. Mtumwa amemtoroka bwana overwhelmed, be drowned. Tota
wake, the slave has run away from rnajini (bahariui), sink in water
his master,also ametoroka kwa (the sea). Tota macho, * have the
bwana wake. Ps. torokwa, be eyes sunken, have lost the eves
deserted, be run away from. Ap. (sight). Merikebu imetota, the ship
torok-ea, -ewa. Cs. toro-slia, -shwa, has sunk. Ap. tot-ea, -ewa. Cs. totinduce to desert, drive into esha, -eshwa (and perh. also tosa,
running away, seduce, entice which see). Totesha macho, make
away. (CL mtoro, and syn. kimbia.) blind (cf. pofusha). (Cf. zama,
didimia.)

Tosa, v. plunge in water,

throw into the sea, cause to sink,
Toto, n. (ma-), same as mtoto,
drown. Used of launching a child, but commonly either (i) of
vessel, waka- itosa marikebu kcitika size, a big, fine child ; or (2) of

TOBOA

377

TOMBA

some object resembling a child or see).

offspring, e. g. toto la iidizi, the
fruit bud on a banana stalk; toto la Tuo, v. A. (1) put down, set
meza, the drawer of a table. (Cf.
down ; (2) fig. cause to settle,
dim. ki- toto.)
stop, decide. E.g. tua msigo, put
Totoma, v. wander at random, down a load. Tua tauga, or tua
get lost, be off the path. Ap.
alone, lower sail. Afaneuo
totomea. (Commonly potea in Z.)
yaleyalimtua asiingit, those words
-tovu, a. (?) variant of -povu, i. stopped him, so that he did not go
c. lacking, deprived of. (Cf. tofua.)
in, or, settled him not to go in
Towashi, n. (ma-), eunuch. See
Tawashi. (Ar.)
Towea, v. or Toea, use as a
relish, i. e. prepare food for the
table by adding sauce, curry,
gravy, fish, meat, vegetables, &c.
to season and flavour it,such
addition being ki- toweo. Ap. toxvelea, -lewa, e. g. towelea wali Inva
mchuzi, i.e. flavour boiled rice
with gravy. Hence towe- leza,
-lezwa.
Cs. towesha, toweza.
(Cf. kitcr.ueo, and syn. unga, v.)
Toweka, v. vanish, disappear,
pass out of sight, die. Cs. towesha, -shwa, e.g. put out of the way,
ruin. (Perh. cf. toa, as if toeka, i. e.
be put away.)
Tu, adv. only, just, exactly,
simply, no more, merely, barely,
always following the word it
refers to, and used with nouns as
well as adjs. and verbs. E. g. mtoto
tu, a mere child, kidogo 'tu, just a
little, giza tu, utter darkness. (?Cf.
-tupu, e.g. giza tupu, utter
darkness.)
Tu, verb-form, we arc,Pers.
Pfx. of 1 Pers. Plur., e.g. si si tu
wazima, we are quite well.
-tu-, Per*. Pfx. in verbs of 1
Pers. Plur. subjective
and
objective,
we,
us/
and
characteristic of the corresponding adjective, -otu (which

TUA

B. as a Nt. (1) settle down, rest,

halt, bivouac, encamp, stop for
the night; (2) go down, settle
down, set, e. g.jua. likatua, the
sun set; ndcge alitua, the bird
alighted. Ps. tuliwa. Nt. tulika.
Ap. tulia, with many deriv.
stems,tuliwa, tulika. Also tulilia, -liwa, -lika. Hence tulili-za,
-zwa, and tuliliana. Cs. tuli-za,
-zwa, whence tuli-zia, -ziwa, and
tulizana. (1) be quiet, be calm,
settle down; (2) fig. become
quiet (tranquil, peaceful), reform, give up bad ways, take to
a quiet settled life, cease from
anger
(grief,
excitement,
passion). E. g. tulia (Imperat.),
Be quiet! Moyo wake umemtulia,
or, ametuliwa moyo, he has
calmed down. Bahariyatu- lia, the
sea is going down. Uso wa
kutulia,z.
tranquil,peaceful
expression.
Maneno
haya
yamekutulilia ? Have you got that
matter settled ? Chakula
hakimtulilii, the food does not
agree with him, i. e. he cannot
digest it. Tumetuliliwa na habari
hizi, we have been pleased with
these news. Bahari haikutulizana,
the sea was rough. IVametulizana,
they have kept each other quiet.
Kutuliliana, to come to an
agreement or settlement among
themselves. Tuliza, bring to rest,
pacify, settle, relieve pain,
comfort, bring to a better mind,
effect a reform in. Ametuliziwa
moyo, he has been tranquillized.
(See Tuesha, Tusha, Tweza, all
perh. Cs. forms connected with
tua.) Rp. tuana, e. g. settle down

880

TUKA

kituo,
-tulivu, tulizo, tuama, besides tuesha,
tusha, tweza. Obs. similar verbs tia,
put to, toa, put out, tua, put down.)

Tua, v. rub. See Chua.

TOBOA

377

TOMBA

Tuama, v. get into a settled only machicha, which is thrown

state, settle down, subside. E. g. away. Inzi kufia tuini si hasara, a fly
of muddy water clearing itself. does not mind dying in cocoanut
Acha maji yatuame, yawe safi, cream. {Tui is much used in Z. for
leave the water to settle and get cooking. Cf. kasi- mele.)
clear. Mambo yana tuama, matters
*Tuili, v. be prolonged, be
are settlingthemselves. Cs. tuamisha, -ishwa. (A St. form from belated. Cs. tuili-za, -zwa, i.e. make
late, delay, prolong. (Ar. for
tua, cf. -ama.)
commoner kawia (which see), and
*Tubu, v. repent, be penitent, chelewa, ahiri.)
feel remorse, mend ones ways.
A punished child says nimetubu, Tuka, n. (), post supporting the
I am sorry, I will not do it again. projecting eaves in front of a nativ
Ap. tub-ia, -iwa, -ika, e. g. tubia
kosa, repent of a fault; tubia
Muungu, repent before God. Cs.
tubi-sha, -shwa, e. g. correct,
chastise, bring to a penitent state
of mind. (Ar. Cf. toba, and
syn.juta, tulia, ongoka.)
Tuesha, v. pay an evening
visit to, call on at night, bid
good-night to. Contr. amkia, of
morning call. (Prob. specialized
Cs. of tua (which see).)
*Tufane, n. storm, gale,
tempest, hurricane, e. g. of rain,
wind, and thunder together. (Ar.
Cf.
tharuba,
kimbunga,
chamchela.')

*Tufe, n. a ball, a game of

ball. Cheza txife, play at ball, e.
g. cricket, tennis, golf. (Ar.
inflated bag. Often mpira in Z.)
*Tuhumu, v. suspect, accuse,
reproach. Ps. tuhumiwa. Nt.
tuhumika. Ap. tuhum-ia, -iwa. Rp.
tuhumiana. Cs. tuhumi-sha, -shwa.
n. (1) suspicion, accusation.
Tuhumu ile imeondoka kwa kiapo,
the suspicion was allayed by
ordeal.
Tui, n. (), the creamy juice
or milk got by grating the nutty
part of a cocoanut (cf. kuna,
mbuzi), mixing it with water and
straining it through a sieve
(kung'uto) or bag {kited), leaving

(P), D 5 (S), D 6), exalted, grand,

glorious, majestic. (Cf. follg., and
uiu- kufu, also syn. bora, -sharifu,

house, post of a verandah. -kuu.)

(Commonly ttgtizo, kiguzo. Kr.
Tukuka, v. become exalted,
gives shuli for the projecting
grand, glorious, &c. (Cf. prec., and
eaves supported by tuka.)
Tuka, jitiika, v. See Stuka, of
which it is perh. a variant (i. e.

tukuza.)

Tukusa, v. perh. a variant of

tikisa (which see), cause to shake,
make restless, agitate, &c. (Cf. also
Tukana, v. use abusive follg.)
language (to), abuse, revile,
Tukuta, v. be restless, nervous,
insult, call names. Ps. tukanwa.
Xt. tukanika. Ap. tukan-ia, -iwa. always on the move, be tiresome,
petulant.
Nt. tukutika, e. g.
Cs.
tukanstuka, situka, shituka,jituka.)

isha,

-ishwa, e. g. intens. treat with

scorn. Jitukatiisha kwa watu,

expose oneself to public

derision, i.e. voluntarily incur
abuse in public. Rp. tu- kanana.
(Cf. follg., and syn. suta, semat
amba. Tukana is itself reciprocal
in form only.)
Tukano, n. (/?), an abusive
expression, bad word, abuse.
(Cf. prec., and syb. suto, tusu.)

Tukia, v. happen (to), occur

(to), present itself, come to pass.
Jambo Jimcnitukia Ito, a thing has
happened to
me
to-day.
Atajitukiayuko mjini, he will find
himself in the town. Ps. tukiwa,
e. g. nimetukiwa tta uthuru,
opportunity presented itself to
me.
Cs.
tuki-za,
-zwa.
(Cf.
follg., and syn. tokea, kuta.
Possibly tukia, tukiza are variants
of tokea, tokeza, with limited
meaning, as above.)
Tukio, n. (<!), occurrence,
event, accident. (Cf. prec., and
tokeo.) *
-tukufu, a. (same with D 4

TOBOA

377

move tremulously, tremble,

quiver
with
excitement,
shudder, be in aflutter. Ap. tukutia, -iwa, e. g. be annoying to. Cs.
tukut-isha, or -iza, -iswa. (Cf.
follg., and iikisa, -tukutu.)
Tukutiko, n. (wa-), tremor,
tremulous movement, nervous
trembling, fluttering excitement.
E. g. tukutiko la moyo, fluttering
of the heart, excited feeling. (Cf.
follg.)
-tukutu, a. restless, nervous,
excitable, petulant, troublesome,
e. g. of children. (Cf. prec., and
tukuta, tukusa.)
Tukuza, v. make exalted,
magnify, glorify, aggrandize,
place in high position, give all
honour to. Ps. tukuzwa. Ap.
tukuz-ia, -iwa. Cs. tukuz-isha,
-ishwa. Rp. tukuz- ana. (Cf.
-tukufu,
tukuka,
and
syn.
athimisha, heshimu, kuza.)
-tulivu, a. (tulivu with D 4 (P),
D 5 (S), D 6), quiet, tranquil,
peaceful, composed, gentle,
docile. E. g. maji matulivu,
standing, tranquil water. Watu
waiulivu, quiet, peaceful people.
(Cf. follg., and tua, utulivu, also
syn. -pole, taratilu, -anana, -a
antani.)

Tulizo, n. (ma-), a quieting,

soothing, means of soothing,
relief, comfort, sedative. Dim.
kitulizo. (Cf. tua, and prec.)
Tuluku, v. variant of taliki (which
see), divorce. (Ar.)

Tuma, v. employ (a person),

send (a person), give work to. E.
g. tuma mtu kazi (kwa kazi, kufattya
kazt), set a person to work. Tuma
mtu
mahali{tnjini,Mombasa,bioenda
safari), dispatch a person to a

place

(to

the

tow-n,

to

TOMBA

Mombasa, on an expedition). Ps.

tumwa, i.e. be employed, be under
orders, be on service (an errand, a
job, a particular duty). Xt. tumika, c.
g. (1) be engaged, be in service, be
under orders, be used (in a general
sense);
be disengaged, free to be employed,
capalne of service, be usable,
available, &c. The Nt. applies to
things as well as persons. So als

( 2 ) tumikana, be capable of
(free for, fit for,
available for) service or
use. Hence iumik-ia,
-iwa,
be used or
available by, be at the
service of, and so
commonly, obey, be
obedient to, submit to,
be servant to. Tumikiwa, have service done,
be obeyed. Also tumikisha, -shwa, e. g. cause to
obey,
reduce
to
obedience, take
as
servant. Also tumikish-ia,
-iwa. Ap. tum-ia, -iwa,
-ika, use a person or
thing, make use of,
employ. E.g. akatumia
mali sana, he spent
money extravagantly.
Neno kill latumika, this
word is in use, is
current. Kisu kinatumiwa,
the knife is being used.
Hence tumil-ia, -iwa, -ika,
e. g. use for (with, in,
against, &c.). Jitumi- lia,
spend selfishly, waste.
Tumilia mbali, use up,
consume entirely. Also
tumiana. tCs. tum-isha,
-ishwa, -iza, -izwa, e.g".
(i) cause to employ,
make
send;
(2)
commonly intens. give
a special or urgent task
to, impose a duty, give a
charge to. Zile ng'ombe
ulizotumiza
zimekuja,
those oxen you sent for
are come. Tutatumiza
watu wa mji, we will give
work to all the people in
the town. Hence iumishia, -iwai Rp. tumana. (Cf.
tume,
mtume,
tumo,
matumizi,
mtumishi,
mtumwa, utu- mwa. Also
peleka, which is in some

senses

synonymous.

And dist. chuma and

derivatives,
which
are
sometimes pronounced, as
at Mombasa, tumai)
Tumai, v. and also commonly
Tumaini, hope, trust, expect, be
confident, be trustful, rely on. Natumai una afya, I hope you are well.
Namtumai mtu huyu, I trust this man.
Ps. lumaiwa, tumainiwa. Nt. tumainika.
Ap. tumain-ia,
-iwa, -ika, e.g. hope in, confide in, rely
on. Cs. tumain-isha, -ishwa, e. g. raise
the hopes of. Hence tu- mainish-ia,-iwa.

(Ar. Cf. follg.,

and syn. taraja, amini, tegemea.')

*Tumaini, n. (;ma-), confidence,
trust, expectation, hope. Also as a.

TTTMBUA

confident, sanguine,
hopeful. (Ar. Cf. prec.)
-tumaini,

Tumba, n. (, and ma-), (1)

outer case, cover; (2) case, or
bale, of goods. E. g. the unopened
bud of a flower, matumba
mawaridi, rosebuds. Tumba la chuo,
cover of a book. T. la mwezi, the
halo surrounding and encasibg the
moon, and tumba la uso, the effect
produced by oiling the face.
Tumba la rnchele, a bag of rice.
Ndiye mweka wa tumba, (of the
angel of death), he it is who sets
down the load. (Cf. mtu- mba,
kitumba, and mzigo.)

383

TUNDI^A

( 3 ) or in capacity,inside of a
vessel, receptacle, hold (of
a ship) ; (4) pain or disease
in the abdominal region,
colic,
stomach-ache,
diarrhoea, stoppage, &c. E.
g. tumbo la kuhara {la
kuenenda),
diarrhoea,
looseness of the bowels; t.
la kuhara damu, dysentery.
Also of pregnancy, yuna
tumbo, or, tumbo kubwa, she
is pregnant. Ndugu tumbo
moja, children of the same
mother. Plur. matu- mbo,
guts, entrails, bowels, i.e.
contents of the lower part of
thebody. (Cf. ut umbo, kit
umbo, tu- tnbua, kit u mbit a,
miumba, mtumbwi.)

Tumbako, n. tobacco. Vuta t.,

smoke. Nusa t., take snuff. Tafuna
t., chew tobacco. The forms in
which it is made up are known as
Tumbua, v. (i) disembowel, rip
mkate, cake, ukambaa, (ropelike) up, cut open, make a hole (in), pertwist, pumba, lump. (Cf. kiko.)
forate; (2) lay open, display. Tu- mbua
ubau, rip, or make a hole in, a plank.
Tumbasi, n. (), abscess. (? Tumbua kitultt, rip a leaf into strips.
Ar., for common jipu.)
T\ jipu, lance a boil.
Tumbawe, n. {ma-), coral rock Ps. tumbuliwa. Nt. tumbuka, e.g.
in the intermediate stage between
( 1 ) have a cut or hole made in
coral and rock,white and
it; 2) burst out, break open.
*massive, but light and not fully
Jipu lime- tumbuka, the
consolidated. Used largely (from
abscess has broken. Mahali
its lightness) for concrete roofs,
pa chombo palipotumbuka, the
also for cornices, being easily cut
place in the dhow, which
to a shape, and for lime-burning.
was ripped open. * Hence
tumbuk-ia, -iwa, esp. in sense
Tumbili, n. name of a small
(1) break out into, burst
light- coloured monkey. Also
suddenly into, of a sudden
kiiumbili. (Cf. kima, nyani.)
rush
or
fall,
e.g.
ame/umbukia kisimani, he' has
Tumbo, n. {ma-), (i) stomach,
tumbled into the well; (2)
belly, abdomen, womb; (2)
get suddenly involved in, be
anything resembling the stomach
caught or strangled in. So
in
shape,a
swelling,
also Cs. tumbuk- iza, -iswa.
protuberance (cf. kitumbo) ;
Ap. tumbu-lia, -liwa,
-ika, e.g. lay open for (to, at, with,
against), e.g. nimekwambia, Fanya
kaziyako, tiawe wanitumbulia macho, I

said to you, go on with your work,

and you glare at me (cf. kodolca
macho, ngariza macho). Hence tumbuli-za, -zwa, and tumbuliz-ia,-iwa. Cs.

intens. force a way Mbega, the old men, Mbegas envoys.

through, penetrate, come out on Used absolutely, like rntume, of
the other side of, e.g. tumbuza Mahomed, as apostle of God. Also
mwitu, pass through a forest; /. ttje
( 2 ) occupation, task, errand,
ya pili, come . out on the other
business.
Tume
zangu
side; jua limetu- mbtiza, the sun has
zimekwisha, my duties are
burst out (cf. pettya, and chimbusa).
finished. (Cf. tuma, mtumwa,
Rp. tu- mbttana. (Cf. tumbo, ana
which is the usual term for
syn. pastta, kata, fungua, Junual)
a slave, though not limited
Tumbuika, v. be soothed by
to this meaning, and
being sung to. Cs. tumbui-sa, -jwa,
mtumishi, which is used of
soothe by singing, make a
household and general
soothing sound with or without
service,
sometimes
in
words, sing to, sing by turns. T.
contrast with mtumwa, slave,
fova nyimbo {kwa maneno masuri),
and tume, implying special
soothe by songs (by gentle
service.) ,
words).
Tumo, n. (///a-), and Mtumo,
Tumbuizo.n.
(), employment, using, use, &c. (Cf.
lullaby,ditty, refrain of a song. tuma, and dist. chumo, also meaning *
(Cf. uturn bit izo.)
employment.)
tumbusa,

Tume, n. (), (t) messenger,

*Tumu, n. (), (1) a fast, fasting,
envoy, employ^, representative, e. g. of Ramathani, mwezi wa tumu, the
servant. E.g. tvale tvazee, tume ea
fasting month. (Ar. sum. Cf. mfungo.)
(2) variant of tamu (which see), taste,
tasting. (Ar.)
Tuna, v. (1) puff out, swell out;
( 2 ) show anger, be petulant
(arrogant).
E.g.
tuna
machaznt, swell out the
cheeks. Jituna, bluster, brag
(cf. jivuna). Ps. tunwa. Nt.
tunika. Ap. tun-ia, -iwa. Cs.
tuni-sha, -shwa, e.g. (1)
offend, enrage; (2) puff out,
Hatter.
Tunda, n. (, and ma-), a fruit of
any kind, a product of tree, plant,
vegetable, &c. (Cf. tuiulika. There are
many kinds of fruit in Z. See nazi,

chungwa, cheuza, danzi, liman, tulimu,

kangaja, furungu, balungi, ndizi (many
kinds), cm be, fcncssi, nanasi, samba
ratt, per a, topetope, kunazi, duriani,
choki- choki, kwaju, bunju, kttngu, papai,
tikitiki, Sic. Also numerous vegetables.
Kr. gives tunda, v. get down fruit from

a tree,seldom if ever used in Z.,

where angua, chuma are common. For

TTTMBUA

common vegetables cf. mboga.)

Tundama, v. settle down,
gather, accumulate, e.g. as water
at the bottom of a well or hole.
Cs. tundam-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. tungama, iuarna, tandama, and -arna.)

Tundika, v. hang up, suspend,

383

TUNDI^A

but clear of walls, &c., not

touching anything (contr. angika,
tungika). E.g. tundika bend era, hang
up a flag (cf. tweka). Ps. tundikwa.
Ap. tundik-ia, -iwa. Cs. tundik-islia,
-ishwa.
(? Cf.
tunda, or tundu.)

Tunga, v. (i) put together, put in

order, put in a row; (2) form by
arranging, compose, bring materials
or ingredients together, construct,
connect, make. E. g. (1) tunga nyama
kijitini, put bits of meat in a row on a
skewer. T. samaki, string fish together,
or, put them on a stick. T. ushanga,
string beads. T. maua, tie flowers
together, make a garland or nosegay.

Tundu, n. (, and ma-), hole, Tunga si- ndano, tunga itzi (katika
hollow,
passage,
hollow sindano) areboth used of threading a
receptacle, and hence of several needle.
objects, den or lair of a wild
( 2 ) T. mayayi, form eggs,also
animal, snake, &c., nest of a bird,
(Nt.) mayayi yametunga, the
a cage of any kind, a basket of
eggs are hard set,the
open wicker-work. Tundu ya pua,
contents having taken form.
nostril. Dim. kiiundu. Fanya tundu,
Mtama unatunga, the millet
bore a hole. Tundu tundu, full of
(grain) is forming. T. mimba,
holes, e. g. describing trellisconceive, form an embryo.
work, lattice, net-work, &c., or of
T. chuo (mashairi, nyimbo),
moth-eaten clothes. ( Tundu is the
compose a book (poetry,
most general word for hole. Cf.
songs). T. usaha, form
shimo, which is usually bigger,
matter, suppurate, e. g. of
kipango, kitobwe, ufa, mwanya.)
an abscess. Ps. tungwa. Nt.
tungikax (1) not only as
-tundu, a. obstinate, perverse,
above, i. e. be~puT
naughty, self-willed, troublesome,
together, be formed, but (2)
esp. of children. Mtoto mtundu
with the further sense, be
lazima kurudi, a naughty child must
hung up, i. e. perh. be put
be punished.
on a string, be suspended,
Tunduia, v. keep a watchful
be connected with, be
eye on, look out for, spy out, lie in
dependent upon; and
wait for. E. g. of a doctor, akiugua
( 3 ) sometimes Act., e. g.
mtoto hutaweza kumtunduia, if the
tungika paa, put up a roof,
child is ill, you will not be able to
with Ps. tungikwa (cf. angika,
attend it. Ps. tunduiwa. (Cf. follg.,
tundika), e.g. alitu- ngikwa
tanzi la roho, he was hung up
and otea, tunza, chungulia, pelelezai)
by a noose round the neck.
Tunduizi, n. one who watches,
71 ngao, hang up a shield.
guardian, spy. (Cf. prec.)
Hence tungik-ia, -iwa. Ap.
tung-ia, -iwa, e. g. umeTunduwaa, v. be still, silent,
tungia (uzi) sindano, you
motionless, e.g. of one amazed,
have threaded the needle.
deceived, fascinated, deep in
Cs. tung-iza,
thought. (Cf., for the form,
tandawaa.)

-izwa, -isha. Rp. tungana. ' (Cf.

tungama, tungamana, tunguo, tutu- ngo,
utungo, tungo, and Imtungi, also syn.
panga, and tanda.)

Tunga, n. (), (1) a round flat

TTTMBUA

basket, used for sifting husks, &c.

from grain by tossing (cf. chunga);
(2) tail-bones, or dried tail of a
skate {tad).
Tungama, v. be in a firm, compacted state, be formed .like a
clot, congeal, get thick. E. g. damn
ina~ tungama, the blood is clotted.
Nyuki watungama, the bees form a
cluster. Also as n., an embryonic
clot, an embryo, like mimba. (Cf.
follg., and tundama, tuama, and
-ama.)
Tungamana, v. hold together,
connected,
agree.
Cs.
tungaman- is ha, e.g. wali
be

ametungatnanisha watu maneno

mamoja, the governor got all the

people to agree to one statement.

(Cf. tunga, and /- ngatnana,
tangamana, shikamana.)

Tungo, n. \rna-), way of

forming, composition, device,
things in a row.

383

TUNDI^A

T. aki/i, keep the brain clear, use the

wits. Ps. tunswa. Nt. tunzika. Ap. tunzAlso plur. of utungo (which see). ia, -iwa. Cs. tunx-isha, -ishwa. Rp.
(Cf. tunga. tniungo.)
tunzana. n. (, and ma-), (1) care,
attention, guardianship; (2) things
Tungua. v. Rv. form of tunga, cared for, belongings. Akamletea kijana
i.e. (i) unform, disconnect, take to na tunza zake, and he brought him the
pieces; (2) unstring, take down, ladand his belongings. (3) gift,
let down, e.g. t. madafu, get down present, reward. (Cf. tunu, tunuka, also
cocoa- nuts. T. roho, discourage, tuzo (tunzo), and syn. hifathi, shika,
dishearten. (3) fig. depress, angalia.)
depreciate, degrade. Ps. tunguliwa.
Nt. tunguka, e. g. be let down, be
Tupa, v. (1) throw, cast, fling, e. g.
taken down, sink, be depressed, a spear, stone, &c.; (2) throw away,
&c. Ap. tungu-lia, -/iwa.
Cs. cast off, desert, abandon. Tupa jicho,
tungu-za,
throw a glance. Ps. tupwa, e.g.
nimetupwa, I am an outcast. Nt. tupika.
-zwa. (Cf. tunga, tungika,also Ap. tup-ia, -iwa, e.g. throw at (from,
(angika) angua, (r^w/ta) r/fcwa, with, to), also, pass on to, refer to,
which are common in Z.)
e.g. Sultani humtupia waziri mane no, the
Sultan usually refers matters to his
Tnnguja, n. (ma-), an edible prime minister. Hence tupil-ia, -iwa,
fruit of the shrub- mtunguja.
-ika. Also tupiana. Cs. tup-isha, -ishwa.
tupana. (Cf. mtupo, and syn. rusha,
Tunu, n. something rare, Rp.
choice, valuable,a keepsake, a pclcka, piga.)
souvenir, an heirloom, a special
n. (), a file,for metal,
present, treasure, a.rare sight, a i.e. Tupa,
tupa ya chuma. A flat file is called
curiosity. (Cf. tunuka, tunza, and tupa ya msumeno; a rasp for wood, tupa
syn. hedaya, kioja.)
ya tunga. (See Tunga.)
Tunuka, v. (1) set the heart on,
z.(tupu with D 4 (P), D 5 (S),
treasure, prize, long for, have D 6,-tupu,
and sometimes tupu for all D),
special affection for (i.e. perh.
regard as a treasure (tunu), make a
( 1 ) empty, bare, void, naked;
treasure (tunu) of); (2) give as a
(2) mere, sheer, bare, by
present, make a present of, e.g.
itself
(themselves),
namtunuka mtu huyu, I have set my
unmixed,
pure,without
heart on this man. Ps. tunukwa. Ap.
change or adulteration; (3)
tunuk-ia, -iwd^cTg. make a present
meaningless,
worthless,
to. T. kofia, give a cap to. T. moskiti,
vain, devoid of content.
make a gift to a mosque. Cs.
E.g. tnikono rnitupu, empty
tunuk-isha, -ishwa (? tunusha, and
hands,
empty-handed.
cf. tunza). Rp. tunukana. (Cf. tunu,
Miguu mitupu, bare feet,
and follg.)
barefoot. Mtu rntupu, just a
man, a mere man, one who
Tunza, v. treat with care or
has nothing. Uongo rntupu, a
affection; (i)'guard, protect, care
sheer, downright falsehood.
for, tend, keep safe; (2) attend to,
IVeusi watupu, none but
observe, examine, keep an eye
black
people.
Maneno
on ; (3) make a present to. E. g.
rnatupu, idle talk, nonsense.
tunza kazi, work with care. T. mtoto,
Sometimes indccl., c. g.
mind a child.
vyakuta vita mu tupu (or
vitupu), nothing but nice

TTTMBUA

food.
Obs.
-tupu,
includes
unclothed,
naked, but to denote
nakedness in a vulgar
sense, utupu or tupu is
used os an indccl. adj.,
e.g. huyu ni utupu, the
person is naked. Mtu
tupu, a naked person. A
less vulgar word is uchi.
(Cf. utupu, uchi.)
Turuhani, n. tare, allowance
made in weighing for package,
vehicle, &c.
(?Ar.
deduction.)
Turuki, n. (ma-), also Turki,

383

TUNDI^A

Turk, an Egyptian. Hence Uturuki,

Turkey. Kituruki, Turkish language.
Turuma, n. (ma-). See Taruma. aPs. tuzwa, e. g. get a present. Akatuzwa na wain mapesa, people gave
Turupuka, v. A variant of him a reward in money. (Cf. , follg.,
churu- piika (cf. chopoa, chopoka, and tunu tunuka, or perh. tunza. Tuza
chupuka. See Chopoa.)
also represents some-' times chuza,
and tusha (which.see).)
Tusha, v. and Tushua, Cs. perh.
of tua (cf. tuesha, tweza), lower, deTuzo, n. (^), also Tuza, and
grade,
humiliate,
hold
in Tunzo, a present,esp. of a reward
contempt, treat contemptuously. for success. (Cf. prec., and for
Jitusha,
disgrace oneself,by presents generally bakshishi, zawadi.)
unworthy conduct, &c. Ps. tushwa.
Nt. tu- skuka. Ap. tush-ia, -iwa. (Cf.
Tw- often represents the sound
tua, and follg., matusu, also syn. of tu before a vowel. See Tu.
tkili, tweza, aibisha, shusha.)

Tushi, n. (w-), and Tusi, Tusu,

insulting language or cdnduct, abuse,

" ill-treatment, outrage. Also as a.

-tushi, degraded, insulted, abased,
mean, low. (.Cf. prec.)
Tusi, n. (ma-), a litter,
palanquin, sedan, sling or
hammock for carrying a person.
(Cf. machela, and jetieza.)
Tuta, n. (ma-), a raised bed for
planting, a long ridge of earth
with deep furrows on either side.
(Also perh. tuta, v. pile up. Nt.
tutika, and Rv. tutua, take down,
lower, deceive,but not used in
Z.)
Tutuka, v. rise in little
swellings (tutu, Kr.). (Cf. follg.)
Tutuma, v. (i) make a
rumbling (muttering, grumbling,
growling) sound, e.g. thunder, the
bowels, &c., perh. imitative (cf.
tetema) or connected with (2) swell
up, bubble up, boil up, and fig. be
puffed up, swell up, e. g. with
pride, anger, &c. Hence also a Nt.
tutumka, in same sense, and Cs.
tutuni-ska, -shwa. (Cf. mtutumo,
tutumua, and syn. guna, nguruma,
and ftirika.)

Twaa, v. take (to oneself), take

away (from another), carry away
(from another), take off, receive,
accept, obtain.. A very common
verb, syn. often with pokea, pciva,
chukua, pata, shika. Mimi nimetoa
fetha, naye ametwaa, I gave the
money, and he received. Alitwaa miji
mingi, he seized (got possession of)
many towns. Twaa ruhusa, receive
leave. Ps. twawa, e. g. ametwawa na
ghururi,
he is seized with
infatuation,but commonly in the
Ap. Ps. form twaliwa, which thus
means both (1) be taken, seized,
received, or (2) be robbed of, have
something taken from (or, for) one,
lose. See below. . Nt. twalika. Ap.
twa-lia, -liwa, -lika, e. g. take
(receive) from (for, with) at, &c.),
rob of, relieve, rid a person of, take
on behalf of, &c. Hence twaliana.
Cs. and Rp. not used.
Twana, Twaana, Twazana, v. be
like, resemble each other,sometimes with sura, uso, of personal
resemblance. (Cf. fanana, ling ana.')
Twanga, v. clean grain by
pounding in a mortar, pound in
order to get off the husks. Ps.
twangwa. Nt. twangika. Ap. twang-ia,
-iwa. Cs. twang-isha, -ishwa. (Cf.
mtwa- ngo, and cf. kinu, ponda.)

Tutumua, v. Rv. of tutuma,

Tweka, v. and a variant Twika,
draw together, e.g. jitutumua, hoist up, raise from the ground, lift
gather oneself up,as for an on to a persons shoulders or head,
effort. (Cf. prec. and nyata, kunja.')

TUHUMA

esp. of loads, but also t. tanga

(bendera), hoist a sail (a flag). Ps.

386

TWEKA

Nt. twekeka. Ap. twik-eay -fljfl. Rp.

huekana. (Cf. syn. inudy pandish a, kweza.)
Tweta, v. pant, gasp, catch the breath",
of any irregular or difficult breathing. Ap.
twetea. (Cf. mtwetOy and syn. kokota roho vula
twekwcu

pumusi.)

Twiga, n. (), a giraffe.

Twika, v. like tweka, but perh. only

of lifting loads on to the head or shonlder.
Jiiwika, lift on to ones own head. Cs.
iwisha, intens. of loading another person.
(Cf. twekd.)
U.
U represents the sonnd of u in the
English ruky or, when not accented, in full.
Uu is written when the sound is very
marked and sustained, as in kukuiiy dist.
kuku.

fasten, fungudy unfasten, and fufudy

raise to life, (Rd.) from fay die.
B . in nouns, as the characteristic
initial of a large class, like m and kiy
and in contrast with m and kt\ the
most general and characteristic use of
u is to form abstract nounSy and any
suitable root of verb, noun, or
adjective may be given an abstract
meaning by simply prefixing , with
or without a change in the final
syllable. E.g. cf. mtu, a man (a living
organized thing), kittiy a thing, an
object (a man, only when regarded as
a thing), and utut humanity, human
nature, and also sometimes matter,
substance (though this is usually
covered by kitu). This being so, it is
impracticable to attempt a full list of
actual and possible abstract nonns in
uy and a selection is made of those
most common or remarkable.

Before another vowel sound, u is

The u class contains, however,
commonly pronounced as a consonant, i.e. many nouns with concrete meanings,
w, and words not found under the one may e. g. ufagioy a brush, ufunguo, a key, be looked for under the other.
utandOy ukoko, umandcy and in a large

number of u- nouns (1) therp is no

plural, or (3) the only plural in

U is used independently

A. as a verb-form, (i) you are, agreeing common nse has the pfx. of D 5 (P),
with the pron. of the a Pers. Sing., i.e. tna-y usually denoting concrete forms
wewey or (a) it is, agreeing with D a (S), D or cases of the abstract expressed by
4 (S), e.g. tfizigo u ntzilOy the load is heavy. the singular; (3) the rest following the
B. occasionally as conj. and, e.g. tatu rather difficult grammatical rules for
D 4 (P).
.
u tiussu, three and a half. (Cf. Ar. wa.)

Two other meanings of w, as a

noun-pfx., may be compared with the
abstract meaning, viz. (1) M- to denote
A. in verbs, as (1) the pfx. of the a
the inward (and relatively smaller)
Pers. Sing., subjective only, e.g.
part of an object, its substance, or
unapenda, wafenda (for uapenda), you quality (cf. ubongOy ubuyu udevuy udole,
%
lovq. (a) the pfx., subjective and objective,
ufupd), and (3) w- to dcnqte a country.
agreeing with D a (S), D 4 (S), e.g. rnti u
E.
g.
cf.
AfsuttgUy a European, kizungu,
noddy the tree grows. Uimbo wan pen something European,esp. European
da, you like the song. (3) inserted before language, UzungUy the Europeans
the final a of any verb, it forms the derived
country, but also the quality of being
stem which may be called Revcrsive, as
European.
commonly reversing the meaning of the
U- (before a vowel, W-) as a formative
pfx. is used

root, e. g. fungdt

Obs. further that (1) u initial in

C < nouns is sometimes not fortnative, but

part of the root; '3) u and 0 are often

not clearly distinguished in Swahili,

TUHUMA

esp. in Arabic words, which a

386

TWEKA

make no distinction; (3) u

followed by another u or w often
coalesces with it, e.g. uwambo,

Uambukizo, n. (nyamb. and maamb.), infection, infectiousness. (Cf.

ambukiza.)

Uamini, Uaminifu, n. honesty,

C. in adjectives, u- (w-) trustworthiness, &c. (Cf. amini.)
sometimes takes the place of m-,
Uandamizi, Uandamano, n. (nymw-, to mark agreement with (1)
D 1 (S), viz. in the pronom. adj. and. and maand.), a following, a
procession. (Cf. andamizi, anda- mano.)
-angu, -ako, &c.;
.
( 2 ) D 2 (S), D 4 (S), not
Uanga,
n.
and
Wanga (which
only in the pronom. adj.
but also in -ote, -enyi>
-enyewe; (3) D 4 (S), in a see).
few other adjs., viz.
uchungu, ume, utupu.
uambo, wambo.

The meaning of many nouns in

tt- is more fully indicated under an

adjective or verb of the same root,

to which reference is given. A
word not found under U may be
looked for under the next letter, or
under W. Plurals of u nouns are
sometimes irregular, and given in
full.
Ua, n. (maua), a flower. Chuma
maua, pick flowers. Toa maua,
come into flower. (Cf. chanua.)
Ua, n. (nytia), (1) an enclosure,
commonly an open court or
backyard attached to a house, and
fenced with sticks, plaited leaves,
or a hedge. Also (2) a fence of
this kind, i. e. ua wa nyasi (miti,
makuti, mabua), a fence of grass
(sticks, leaves, stalks).
Ua, v. kill, destroy life. Ps.

uawa. Ap. ulia, uliwa. Ulia mbali,

kill outright, kill off entirely.

Hence uliana. Rp. uana. (Cf. -uaji,
and syn.fishax chinja, piga.)
Ua-, for words beginning with
these letters, see also under Wa-.
Uadui, Uahadi. See Wadui,
Wahadi.
Uambo, n. See Uwambo.

TUHUMA

386

TWEKA

Uangalifu, n. carefulness,
*Ubahili, n. miserliness, niggardattention. (Cf. follg.)
liness. (Ar. Cf. bahili, and syn.
ukabithi, choyo.)
Uangalizi,
n.
(ma-),
observation, taking notice, care.
*Ubaini, Ubainifu, n. clearness/
(Cf. angalia.)
demonstrability, notoriety, demonstration, evidence. (Ar. Cf. baini, and
Uangamizi, n. (ma-), ruin, col- syn. thahiri, wazi.)
lapse, description. (Cf. angamia.)
Ubale, n. (mbale), strip, slice, piece, e.
Uapo, n. (nyapo), (1) a
swearing, an oath (cf. apa); (2) g. mbale za muhogo, cassava cut in
also ivapo, a giving, a gift, e. g. pieces lengthways,called als
ndio uapo mnono, that is a rieh
present. (Cf. pa v., kipaji.)
*Uarabu, n. (1) country of the
Arabs,
Arabia,commonly
Arabuni, or Manga; (2) Arab
nature. (Dist. uharabu).
Uashi, n. art of masons work,
building with stone, masonry, a
masons fee. (Cf. aka, asha, mwashi.)

*Uasi,
n.
(maasi),
rebelliousness,
disobedience,
rebellion, revolt, mutiny. Fanya
vtasi kwa Sultani, revolt against the
Sultan. (Ar.)
Uayo, n. (nyayo), also Unyago,
and Wayo, sole of the foot,
footprint, footstep, track.
(Cf.
hatua.)
Ubaba,
n.
paternity,
fatherhood. (Cf. baba, umama.)
Ubabwa, n. and Ubwabwa, (1)
gruel, pap, e.g. rice, esp. as made
for hungry children or invalidsj
boiled with water enough to make
a paste, or (2) rice cooked plainly,
without cocoanut juice. Cf. the
riddle Ubabwa wa mtoto mtamu, a
childs pap is nice,the answer
being usingizi, sleep. (Cf. matabwatabwa, uji, wali.)
Ubadili, Ubadilifu, n. (ma-),
change,
changeableness,
exchange, interchange. (Ar. Cf*
badili.)

okopa (rna-) when dried. The pro- bttrudisha.)

cess of cutting is lenga (also kata)
*Ubashiri,n.(wtf-), proclamation,
mbale. Kr. distinguishes ubale
(mbale) from mbale (mibale), some- prediction, announcement. (Ar. Cf.
what larger pieces, and bale bashiri,-^-also httbiri, tabiri.)
(tnabale) of the largest. (Cf. patuie,
Ubathiri, Ubathirifu, n. extrampancU, kipande, and utamba,
vagance, prodigality. (Ar. Cf. bathiri,
tnbamba, bamba.)
and syn. upotevu.)
TXbalehi, n. marriageable
Ubati, n. (bati), an addition to a
age, adult state, puberty. (Ar. Cf.
balehi, and syn. uzt'ma, upevu.)
Ubali, n. (tnbali), distance,
being distant,seldom used, but
seeMbali, and cf. ubele.
*Ubalozi, n. office (position,
work, salary) of a consul. (Cf.
balozi.)

Ubamba, n. (bamba), thin or flat

piece of stone, wood, or metal,
chip, strip, flake, sheet, a flat peg.
(Cf. follg. and tnbamba, bamba,
-emba- mba.)

Ubambo, n. (bam bo), a thin

grooved
skewer,
like
a
cheesetastcr, used for testing and
sampling bags of rice. (Cf. prec.)
Ubango, n. (bango), reed,but
in Z. (etc is usual.
Ubani, n. frankincense. (Hind.
Cf. udi, uvumba.)
TJbapa, n. (bapa), the flat part
of anything, a flat surface,e.g.
the blade of a knife, ubapa wa kisu.
(Cf. bapa, and kettgee.)
Ubarathuli, n. foolishness,
simpleness, being easily duped.
Cf. Ujinga wa kuuza si ubarathuli wa
kununua, to be outwitted in selling
is better than to be duped in
buying. (Ar. Cf. baralhuli, and syn.
ujinga, ttzuztt.)

Ubaridi, n. (i), coldness, coolness ; (2) a chilling manner,

dullness;
(-0
comfort,
convalescence. (Ar. Cf. baridi,

UBALEHI

house,wing, outhouse, lean-to.

389

beml>e.)

U DILI SI

Uboti, n. (belt), verse, stanza,

(Cf. kipenu.)
Ubatili, n. nullity, emptiness, strophe. (Ar. Cf. beti, and shatri.)
vanity, futility, uselessness. Mtu
Ubichi, n. unripeness, immaturity,
wa haki haamui ubatili, a just man
rawness, greenness. (Cf.
does
not
give
worthless freshness,
-bichi.)
judgement. (Ar. Cf. bat Hi.')
Ubilisi, n. same as ushetani,
Ubau, n. (mbau), board, plank,
madness. (Ar. Cf. bilisi,
cut timber. Pasua mbau, saw in devilry,
shetani.)
pieces (or, saw out) planks. (Cf.
bau.)

Ubavu, n. (mbavu), a rib, side

of the body, or anything
corresponding to it in relative
position, e.g. skirt (slope, flank)
of a mountain, side, wing (of an
army, &c.). Mbavuni mwa, at the
side of, on the flanks of.
Ubawa, n. (tnbawa), a wing feather. Funua tnbawa, spread out the
wing feathers. (Cf. bawa, a wing.)
Ubawabu, n. office (work,
pay) of a door-keeper (gaoler,
turnkey). (Ar. Cf. bawabu, and
syn. ungojezi wa tnlango.)
_
Ubaya, n. (tna-), badness,
wickedness, corruptness, ugliness.
(Cf. -.baya, and syn. uovu, contr.
uzuri, wetna.)

Ubazazi, n. (ma-), occupation

(condition, habits, &c.) of a shopkeeper,bargaining, buying, and
selling, &c. (Ar. Cf. bazazi.)
Ubele, n. position in front, a
step
forward,
progress,
promotion, advancement, success.
Fata ubele, be promoted. (Cf.
tnbele, adv., prob. plur. of ubele, cf.
ubali, tnbali.)

Ubeloko, n. See Mbeleko.

Ubembe,

Ubembelezi,
n.
flirting,
coquetry, coaxing, wheedling,
fondling, allurement. (Cf. bemba,
(betnbe,

mabembe),

(mabua) of the smaller kinds of grainbearing stalk, e. g. of mpunga, m- wclc,

Ubinadamu, n. human nature, and of the stalk, as substance and
humanity. (Cf. binadamu, and syn. material. (Cf. bua.)
utu, wanadamu.)

Ububu, n. dumbness. (Cf. bubu.)

Ubinda, n. (mbinda). See Ubinja, Uwinda,different words,
Ubugu, n. (mbugu), stem of a
both of which seem to be also creeping plant, used as cord. (Cf.
thus pronounced. (Cf. binda, mbugu, mbungo.) .
bindo.)

*Ubuxudisho, n. cooling, refreshUbingwa, n. cleverness, profi- ment, recreation, relief. (Ar. Cf.
ciency, quality of a good baridi, burudisha.)
workman. (Cf. bingwa, and syn.
ustadi, wele- kevti.) .
TJbinja, n. (mbinja), also
Uwinja, Ubinda, a whistling
noise, whistle, i. e. the act or
sound of whistling. Riga mbinja,
whistle. (Cf. miunzi, tnsonyOy
kibinja, and dist. uwinda.)
Ubishi, n. (mbishi, tnabishi), (i)
joking, a joke, jest, fun (cf.
mzaha),
(2)
refractoriness,
contrariness, strife, opposition,
obstructiveness.
Ubishi
rnwingihuvuta
mateto,
joking
carried too far leads to
quarrelling. (Cf. bis ha, also ukaidi,
utundu, 'ushi- ttdatii.)

Ubivu, n. ripeness, maturity,

being well-cooked. (Cf. -bivu,
iva.)

Ubongo, n. (itibongo), brain

substance, brain, marrow. (Cf.
bongo.)

Ubono, n. (mbono), seed of the

castor-oil plant (mbono).
Ubora,n.
excellence,
preeminence, fine quality (of any
kind). (Cf. bora.)
Ubovu,
n.
rottenness,
unsoundness, corruption, badness,
putrefaction. (See -bovUy and cf.
uozi, uovu, and tibaya.)
Ubua, n. (mbua), used for bua

UBALEHI

389

U DILI SI

Ubuyu, n. the pithy substance

Uchale, n. (chale), gash, cut, inor kernel inside the nut produced cision. (See Chale.)
by abaobab tree,a slightly acid
Uchanga, n. (1) immaturity, unbiscuitlike substance, when ripe,
occasionally
eaten.
E.
g. ripeness, early stage of development,
hawakuona kitu ndani ya mabuyu ilia babyhood, littleness (see -changa ); (2)
ubuyu mtupu, they found nothing a grain of sand. (Cf. mchanga.)
inside the calabashes except the
Uchango, n. (chango), (1) smaller
pith.
intestine; (2) worm in the intestine.
(Cf. chango.)
Ubwabwa, n. See Ubabwa.
Uchawi> n. witchcraft, sorcery,
Ubwana, n. (1) mastership,
qualities (rights, powers) of a black arts, magic. Hapana maneno ya
master; (2) an overbearing, uchawi kwa watu Waswahili, Swahilis
domineering,
tyrannical, have nothing to do with
masterful character. (Cf. bwana.)

Uchache, n. (1) fewness,

scarcity, want, slightness; (2)
rarity, being scarce, (and s6) of
value. Uchache wa moyo, lack of
spirit, feebleness of character. (Cf.
-chache, kaba.)
Uchafu,
n.
uncleanness,'filthiness, dirt. (Cf.
-chafuy and follg.)
Uchafuko, n. (ma-), disorder,
muddle,
mess,
chaos,
disorganization,
unsettlement,
confusion. (Cf. cha- fuka.)
Uchaga, n. and Uchala,* storeplace for grain,as used on the
mainland, but utaa more usual in
Z. (Cf. mchagOy utaa.)
.
Uchaguo, Uchaguzi, n. a
choosing,
daintiness,
fastidiousness, habit of criticism.
(Cf. chagua, and uteuo.)

Uchaji, n. fear, respect, awe,

reverence. (Cf. cha v., kicho, and
syn. hofu, woga.)
.
Uchakacho, n. a rustling
sound, rustle, e.g. of leaves,
clothes, &c. (Also perh. utakaso,
cf. chakacha.)
Uchala, n. See Uchaga.

witchcraft, i.e. they leave it to the

savages (washenzi). (Cf. tuhawi,
and see Mganga, Uganga.)
Ucliepechepe,n. being moist,
wet,
watery,
&c.
(See
Chepechepe, and cf. rutuba,

Uchumba, n. relation of lovers, of

lover and sweetheart, wooing, being
wooed, lovers gift. The lover
supplies his bride with clothes till
marriage, nguo za uchumba. (Sec
Mchumba.)

Uchumi, (1) way of earning

profits, trade, business, occupation;
Uchi, n. nakedness, nudity, (2) profits. earnings, salary,in this
less vulgar than utupu (which see). sense also uchttmo. (Cf. chuma,chumo.)
Used also as adj. Washenzi wa huko
ttchi, the savages in that part go
naked.
u/naji.)

-.

tJchipuko, n. {chipuko), shoot,

sprout, blade,of a growing
plant. (Cf. chipuka.)

Uchochoro,n. (wa-), narrow

passage, lane, alley, e. g. between
native houses in a town. (Cf.
chochoro, and ujia.)
Uchokozi, n. (wa-), teasing,
annoyance. (Cf. chokoza.)
TTchomozi, n. (i) coming out,
bursting out, and so (2) of the sun,
getting hot, scorching. (Cf. chomoza.)

Uchongo, n. (1) being oneeyed (cf. chongo); (2 ) discharge

from a weak or diseased eye (also
utongo).

Uchovu, n. (1) weariness,

fatigue; (2) producing weariness,
tediousness, dnllness. (Cf. -chovu,
choka.)

Uchoyo, n. See Choyo.

Uchu, n. longing, yearning,
earnest wish. (Cf. snauko, latnaa.)
Uchukuti, n. central part, or
midrib, of cocoanut leaf. (Cf.
kuti.)

Uchukuzi, n. getting carried,

conveyance, cost of carriage,
porterage. (Cf. chukua, mchukuzi.)

UBALEHI

Uchungu,n. (x) sharp pain,

smart, bitterness, bitter taste; (2)
fig. resentment, anger, offended
feeling,grudge. -a uchungu, and
commonly uchungu alone (cf.
utupu) as adj., bitter, painful,
angry, and obs. the adv. kiuchungu.
(Cf. -chungu, -kali, mchomo, umivu.)

389

kidole.)

U DILI SI

Udongo, n. soil, earth, clay,including surface-soil, potters material,

red earth used in making mortar, See.

Udufu, n. poorness of quality,

weakness, thinness, dullness, insipidity, worthlessness, exhaustion, goodUdaku. n. (daku), (1) objection, for-nothingness. (Ar. Cf. duftt, and
demurrer, protest; (2) news got syn. uthaifu, uhaftfu.')
hold of secretly, gossip, rumour.
Also udakuzi, getting hold of Udugu, n. brotherhood, kinsmanstories, telling tales, &c. (See ship, being of same family or clan or
Daka, Dakizo, Dakua, and
tribe. (Cf. ndugu, and syn. uja- maa, tit
Dukiza,perh. same word.)
an i.
*Udalali, n. profession of
salesman
or
auctioneer,
salesmans commission or fee.
(Ar. Cf. dalali.)
Udanganyifu,
n.
(wa-),
craftiness, cunning, deceitfulness,
imposture. (Cf. danganya, and syn.
ujattja, we- reuu, hila.)
Udevu, n. (tidevti), a hair of the
face,of
the
whiskers,
moustache, &c. (Cf. ndevu, kidevu,
and unyele.)
*Udi, n. and Uudi, aromatic
aloe- wood,used for fumigation
(zmkizo). (Ar. Cf. ubani, uvumba.)
Udibaji, n. (1) adornment,
artistic form, style; (2) mere form
as opp. to substance,and so,
delusion, outward show, deceit.
(Ar. Cf. dibaji.)
Udobi, n. occupation of a
washerman,
laundry
work,
payment for washing. (Hind. Cf.
dobit and ufuaji,fua.')
Udogo, n. littleness, smallness,
insignificance. (Cf. -dago.)
Udolo, n. (ndolc\ finger, toe,
but in Z. kidolc. Udole is used of
the nail of a finger (in Z. ukucha)
and claw of an animal. (Cf. dole,

UDUI

)Udui, n.(udui), a pimple, a

vesicle. Hence ndni, small-pox.
Uduvi, n. also Nduvi, Duvi,
shrimp, prawn. Also called
kamba (which see). Uduvi is also
used collectively.
Ue-, for words beginning
with these letters, see also
under We-.
*Uele, n. sickness, illness,
esp. of a severe and crippling
kind, confining the patient to
bed. U. wa macho, ophthalmia.
U. wa viungo, rheumatism. (Ar.
Cf. -ele, and syn. ttgottjwa,
marathi.')

Uembe, n. See Wembe.

Ufa, n. (nyufa), a crack, split,
slit, cleft, rent, tear,or similar
aperture. Fatty a (da) ufa, crack,
v. Ustpoziba ufa, utajenga ukuta, if
you neglect a crack, you will
have to build a wall.
Ufafanusi,
n.
(ma-),
explanation,
revelation,
interpretation,
telling
out,
publishing abroad. (Cf. fafanua,
and syn. elczo.)
Ufagio, n. (fagio), small
broom, small brush, i.e.
commonly a bundle of leafstrips tied together and used for
rough sweeping, e. g. footpaths,
floors, Scc. (Cf. fagia.)
Ufahamu, n. (fahamu), (i) recollection,
memory;
(2)
intelligence,
sense,
consciousness,
recognition,
comprehension.
Fahamu
zikamrejea, his senses returned
to
him,
he
recovered
consciousness. (Ar. Cf. fahamu,
and syn. akili, moyo.)
Ufalme, n. (falme, mafalme,

302

UFUFUKO

both
seldom
used),
(1)
chieftainship, kingship, royalty; (2)
sway, rule, dominion; (3) sphere of
dominion, kingdom. (Cf. mfalme,
and syn. enzi, mamlaka, ukuu.)
Ufanani,
n.
likeness,
resemblance. (Cf. fanana, mfatto.)
Ufasaha, n. (fasaha) and Ufasihi, elegance, aesthetic taste,
purity of style, correct form,esp.
of a literary kind. (Ar. Cf. fasihi,
and syn. dibaji, usahihi, uswaf.)
*Ufidiwa, n. (fidiwa), ransoming,

ransom. (Ar. See Fidia, and cf. udobi.)

dia, ukotnbozi.)

*Uflfilisi,
n.
distraining,
selling up, disposing of a debtors
goods,and more generally,
financial ruin, whether selfcaused (i.e. extravagance, waste)
or otherwise. (Ar. Qi.flisi, and syn.
angamiza, poteza.)

Ufuasi, n. (fuasi, and ma-), following, accompanying, e.g. of musical accompaniment. (Cf. fuata,
rnfuasi.)

Ufufuko, Ufufuo, n. (fufuko, fufuo),

restoration of life, raising from death,
revival, renewing, restarting,the
neut. form in -ho meaning properly
Ufinyanzi, n. also with final being restored to life, being
-gi, -ji, for ~zi, art (trade, work, rene.wed, &c. (Cf. fufua, fa, and syn.
wages, See.) of a potter. (Cf. kttisha.)
finyanga, and finya.)
Ufisadi, Uflsiki, n. vice,
viciousness,
debauchery,
fornication. (Ar. Cf.Jisadi.)
Ufithuli,
n.
(fithuli),
insolence,
arrogance,
contemptuous temper, outrage,
wanton insults. (Ar. Cf. fithulika.)
Ufltina, n., commonly Fitina
(which see). (Ar.)
Uflto, n. (Jito), long thin piece
of wood, stick, rod, lath, or
anything similar in appearance, e.
g. thin bar of metal, ufito wa
chutna, rod iron, iron bar (cf.
upao). Often of the thin straight
sticks used on native roofs to
carry the thatch, laid crosswise
horizontally on the rafters. (Cf.
fimbo, and for sticks generally,
bakora.)

Ufizi, n. (fizi), gum,of the

jaw.
Ufo, n. (ttyufo), act (place,
state, manner, &c.) of dying. (Cf.
-fa, kifo, -fu, and follg., and syn.
mauti.)

Ufu, n. state of being dead,

death, deadness, numbness. (Cf.
prec.)
Ufuaji, n. the act (manner,
occupation) of beating, washing
clothes, &c. (Cf. fua, and syn.

UFTJKABA

303

UGEUZI

Ufunguo, n. (funguo), (1) act

(means, mode, &c.) of opening, comUfukara, n. utter destitution, mencement, exordium, preface; (2) a
beggary, poverty. (Ar. Cf. fukara, key,the commonest use, e. g. killa
fakiri, hohthahc, and syn. mashini.) mlango na ufunguo wake, every door
has a key (means of opening). (C i.
Ufuko, n. (fuko), sandy margin funga, fungua.)
of the seashore about high-water
mark, i. e. maji ya bahariyakomapo,
Ufuo, n. See Ufuko.
pwani, including the whole
shore to low-water mark. E. g.
Ufupa, n. bony substance,
ulichokia- cha pwojii kakingoje cartilage,
gristle.
(Cf.
mfupa,
u/ukoni, the thing you left out on kifuga,fu/>a.)
the shore, expect to find washed
up on the sand. ^The Act. form
Ufupi,n. shortness, brevity. (Cf.
uftco is also used. (Cf..fua, used of
the beating of the waves on the fupi, fupiza, and contr. urefu.)
shore, and ufukwe, the fine white
sand of the shore. Dist. mfitko,
kifuko,fuko, a bag.)
Ufukwe, n. (i) the fine white
sand formed by the beating of
waves on the shore (cf. prec.) ; (2)
fig. utter destitution (cf. ufukara).
Ufumbi, n. (wa-), depression
between hills, valley, bottom. In
Z. commonly botide.
Ufundi, n. art (position, work,
wages) of a fundi, i. e. a skilled
mechanic,
artisan,
master
workman. Pat a ttf, become a
master (after being an apprentice,
mwanafunzi). Piga uf, show off. (Cf.
fundi, ftmdisha.)
Ufunga, n. (funga), a stone
bench or seat of masonry, usually
against the wall in front of the
house, for the reception of
visitors. (Cf. baraza.)
Ufungu, n. (fungu), (1)
relationship, connexion ; (2) a
relative, kinsman. E. g. ufungti
wattgu anakuja, one of my family
is coming. (Cf. ukoo, tidugu,
akrabba,jamaa, tntani.)

Ufupisho,
n.
shortening, of a stranger or foreigner, newness,
contraction. (Cf. prec.)
strangeness; (2) state of being a guest;
(3) a foreign region or country,
Ufusio, n. sprinkling of small foreign parts. Safri ugenini, travel
stones on a fresh-laid concrete abroad, in foreign countries. (Cf.
floor, to bring it to a smooth geni.)
surface. (Cf. fusia, kifusi.)
Ugeuzi,n. (gcuzi, magtuzi), changing,
Ufuta, n. semsem,the oil
from which is called mafuta ya uta. changcablcncss, change, varia
(Cf. mafuta.)
Ufuu, n. the nutty part of a
cocoa- nut inside the shell ( kifuu),
extracted by grating. Called
chicha when mixed with water,
and the oil strained out. (Cf. nazi,
chicha, tui. Dist. fuu, the fruit.)
Ufuzi, n. (fuzi, mafuzi), a hair of
the armpits, or of the pudenda.
Ufyozi, n. (1) making a
contemptuous whistling noise
between the teeth, so generally (2)
a defiant, insolent manner of
acting or speaking. \CLfyoa.)
Uga, n. (), an open space in
a town, or round a house. E. g.
akafka ttgani panafo i/e nyumba, he
arrived at the open place, where
the house stood. (Cf. uwanja,
fettpe, and dist. ua.)
Ugali, q. a stiff porridge, commonly made of rntama, millet,
mixed with water and cooked.
Uganga, n. (///<2-), (1) art
(profession, fee) of a native
doctor,
doctoring,
healing,
surgical and medical aid,
including use of charms,&c (see
Mganga). Also (2) medicine,
charm. E. g. pika (fanya, weka)
uganga, concoct (make, place in
position)
native
medicine.
Plaganga, used of a doctors
appliances,
materials,
and
operations generally. (Cf. ganga,
and cont. uchawi.)
Ugoni, n. (1) state or condition

tion, turning round. (Cf. geitka, sick, care of sick people, operations
(materials, mean's, &c.) of nursing.
(Cf. ugua, and mlezi.)
*Ughaibu, n. See Uraibu.
Ugwe, n. {ngwe, and nyugwe),
Ugo, n. {nyugo), (i) enclosure, string, small cord, and anything used
fenced court, yard ; (2) fence. In as such. (Cf. kigwe, kitani, hatnba.)
Z. commonly ua. (Cf. uga, ua.)
*Uhaba, n. (1) fewness, scantiness,
Ugomba, n. (gomba), fibre, rarity; (2) being too few, deficiency,
from the banana stalk (mgomba), lack. (Ar. Cf. haba, and syn. -chache.)
very strong and fine.
.
geu, and syn. ubadili.)

Ugomvi, n. (gomvi, magomvi),

quai*relsomeness,
contentiousness, bad temper,
wrangling, a quarrel. (Cf. gomba,
-gomvi, gombana.)

Ugonjwa,

n.

magonjwa), being ill,

{gonjwa,
sickness,

disease,

ill health. Shikwa ?

ia{patwa najngia) ugonjwa, get ill.
TYa (fanya) ugonjwa, cause
sickness. Ondoa {ponya) u., cure
sickness. Toka ugonjwani, poa
ugonjwa, recover from sickness.
(Cf. -gonjwa, gonjweza, and syn.
marathi, uweli.)
.
Ugono, n. {ngono), sleepingtime, and so, night. (Cf. ng07io.)
Ugua, v. (1) become sick, fall
ill, be in pain, be ailing; (2) groan,
wail. Ap. ugu-lia, -liwa, e. g. nguo
za kuugulia, mourning dresS.
Ugulia nyitmba, be ill in a house.
Unauguliwa, you have sickness in
your house. Cs. ugu-za, -zwa, (1)
cause to be ill, produce sickness;
but commonly (2) attend in
sickness, as nurse, treat or doctor
a sick person. (Cf. mwuguzi, uguzi,
also ugonjwa, and hawezi'.)
Ugumu, n. hardness, solidity,
firmness, resolution, bravery,
severity, insensibility, &c. (Cf.
-gumu.)

Uguzi, n. {mauguzi), nursing the

UGHAIBU

394

UHURU

Uhaflfu,
n.
lightness, want, need, requirement, desire; (2)
cheapness, commonness, poor indigence, necessitous condition. (Ar.
quality, worthlessness. (Ar. Cf. Cf. hilaji.)
hafifu.)
*Uhodari, n. strength, firmness,
*Uhai, n. being alive, life. (Ar. ability, resolution, courage, skill. (Cf.
Cf. hai, huisha, and syn. -zima, hodari, and syn. nguvu, uwezo.)
ishi.)

Uhunzi, n. work (trade, condition,

*Uhali, n. state, condition, wages) of a smith, metal-working.
circumstances,for the more (Cf. mhunzi, and mfua chuma.)
common kali (which see), and
*Uhuru, n. freedom, liberty,
dist. mahal},pahali. (Ar.)
.
*Uhalifu,

{halifu,
or
disobedience,
transgression, breaking rules,
rebellion, naughtiness. (Ar. Cf.
halifu, and syn. uasi, ukaidi.)
mahalifu),

n.

. *Uharabu, n. destructiveness,
mischievousness, vandalism. (Ar.
Cf. uharibifu, harabu, haribu, and
syn. uvunjifu.')
Uharamia, n.
piracy, outlawry.
haramia, karamu.)

brigandage,
(Ar. Cf.,

*Uharara, n. (1) warmth, heat,'

(2)
hastiness,
impetuosity,
violence. (Ar. Cf. harara, hari.) '
*Uharibifu, n. destruction,
spoiling, corruption, mortality,
waste. (Ar. Cf. haribu, uharabu,
and syn. upotevu.)

Uhasidi, n. and Uhusuda,

envy, spite, malignity. (Ar. Cf.
hasidi, and syn. uwivu.) .
*Uhassi, ,n. castration, being a
eunuch. (Ar. Cf. has si, maksai.)
*Uhawara,
n.
being
a
paramour. (Ar. Cf. hawara, hawa,
and dist. ztsuria, ukahaba.)
Ubiana, n. hardness, toughness,
resistance, obstinacy, unkindness,
unfairness. (Cf. hiana, and syn.
ugumu.)

*Uhitaji, n. {hitaji, mahitaji), (1)

emancipation. Cheti cha uhuru,

freedom-certificate. Mtumwa antepewa uhuru, the slave has been
emancipated. (Ar. Cf. huru, and
ungwana.)

Uhusuda, n.

See Uhasidi.

(Ar.)
Uiari, see Urari.
Uima, n. and adv. and Wima,
uprightness (of position), upright.
E. g. watu waliosimama uima, people who stood upright. (Cf. ima.)
Uimbaji, n. being a singer
(minstrel, chorister), singing (as a
practice or profession). (Cf. imba,
and follg.)
Uimbo, n. (nyimbo), also
Wimbo, a singing, a song. (Cf.
imba, and prec.)
Uivu, n. and Uwivu, jealousy,
envy. Li a uivu, weep for jealousy.
(Cf. -ivu, and husttda, hasidi.)
Uizi, n. thieving, robbery,
theft. (Cf. iba, rnwizi, and syn.
unyang- anyi.)

Ujahili, n. boldness, bravery,

courage. (Ar. Cf. jahili, and syn.
ushujaa, ukali, ugurnu.)
Ujaji. n. verbal of -ja, i. e. a
coming, but rarely used. (Cf. -ja,
ujio, majilio, and dist. uckaji, fear,
uchache, fewness.)
Ujalifu, n. fullness, being full.

(Cf.jaa, v. and ujaei.)

Ujana, n. youthfulness, youth,

age of kijana. (See Kijana, for definition of meahing, and Mwana.)
UJane, n. the unmarried state,
of bachelor, spinster, widow or
widower. (Cf. ntjatte.)

Ujanja, n. craftiness, cunning,

roguery, deceit, fraud. (Cf. *janja,
and syn. hi la, udanganyi/u, Aadaa.)
*Ujari, n. (ttjari), tiller-rope, in a
native vessel, i. e. kamba ya shikio, or
ya msukatii. (? Ar.)
Ujazi, n. fullness, abundance,
plentiful supply. (Cf. jua, ujalifu, and
syn. wingi. Dist. jazi, nta-.)

UGHAIBU

394

UHURU

Ujenzi, n. (nta-), building

Ujira, n. and Ijara, hire, wages,
operations,
construction, recompense for work done. (Ar.
designing, architecture. Majenzi,
buildings,also majengo. (Cf. Cf. ajtri, and mshahara.)
jenga, mjenzi.')
*Ujirani, n. (1) having neighbours,
neighbours, ncighboorliness, c. g.
Ujeuri, n. more commonly ujirani tti fetha kaiika kasha, neighbours
Jetiri (ma-), violence, insolence, arc money in a safe. (a)
outrage, tyranny. (Ar. Cf. jeuri, neighbourhood, neighbouring district.
and syn. uthalimtt, ukoro/i.')
(Cfi jiratti.)
Uji, n. gruel,i. e. rice or
Ujitahidi, n. energy, exertion,
other grain made into a sonp or effort, personal endeavour. E.g.
paste. Cf. ttbabwa, and wali (rice
so cooked that all the grains are
separate and dry). Humpa uji,
halafu hukampa ttbabwa, he gives
him rice-porridge, and presently
gruel.
Ujia, n. (? njia, ntajia), a
passage, narrow path,used
(rarely) to mark a difference from
the common general term njia,
which is perh. its plur. form. (Cf.
ja, and follg.)
Ujima, n. work in common,
cooperation, mutual help,-e.g.
in building a house, planting or
harvest,a
common
native
practice, repaid by a beer-drinking
or by similar help on occasion.
(Cf. shogoa.)
Ujinamizi, n. bending (of the
body), stooping, inclination. (Cf/
ji, ittarna, and jinamizi.)
Ujinga, n. rawness (of a newcomer), ignorance, simplicity,
folly. Ujinga wa mtu tti werevu wake,
a man's simplicity is (often) his
shrewdness. (Cf. jinga, and syn.
upumbafu, ubarathuli.)
Ujini, n. the country or home
of the genic (spirits, demons). (Ar.
Cf. jini.)
Ujio, n. (ntajia), act (manner,
time,
&c.)
of
coming,
approaching. (Cf. ja, ujia, and
majilio, mjio.)

ujitahidi haiondoi amriya Muungu,

effort has no power against Providence. (Ar. Cf. jitakidi, and syn.
utcndaji, bidii.)

acid taste ; (2) sharpness, keenness,

edge ;
( 3 ) strong character, firmness,
resolution, spirit, bravery;
(4)
cruelty,
severity,
tyranny, fury. (Cf. -ka.lt,
makali, uchungu, uthabiti,
ugutntt, ukorofi.
Dist.
ukali as a verb-

Ujumbe, n. (i) office (dignity,

duty, privilege, &c.) of a chief,
chief- tancy, supremacy, royal
dignity (cf. mjumbe); (2) office,
&c. of a messenger, ambassador form for ni, i. e. is, e.g. mtama ukali
( c f . jumbe). (Cf. ufaline, uknu, mmca, the millet is just growing up.
usultani, utume.')
See Li.)
Ujume, n. the art (profession,
wages, &c.) of a mjume (which
see), high-class metal work,
cutlery, &c.
*Ujusi, n. defilement, i. e. of a
ceremonial kind, e. g. after childbirth, according to Mahommedan
rules. (Ar. Cf. unajisi, uehafu.')
TJjuvi, n. (ma-)r impudence,
impertinence, sauciness,
precocity, knowingness. (Cf. jua,
v., and follg.)
Ujuzi, n. possession of
knowledge, wisdom, sagacity,
practical experience. (Cf. prec.,
and jua, v.)
*Ukabithi, n. economy, closefistedness, hoarding. (Ar. Cf.
kabithi, and syn. ubahili.)
*Ukadirifu, n. estimation,
valuation, assessment. (Ar. Cf. kadiri.)

Ukaguzi,
n.
inspection,
examination, survey. (Cf. kagua.)
*Ukahaba,
fornication.
kakaba.)

n.

prostitution,
(Ar.
Cf.

*Ukaimu, n. office (dignity,

work, &c.) of a vicegerent,
viceroyalty. (Ar. Cf. kaimu.)
Ukali, n. (nia-), (1) a sharp,

UGHAIBU

394

UHURU

Ukalifu, n. intensity, severity, (Ar. Cf. karimu, karamu, karama, and

keenness, e. g. ukalifu wajua, syn. upaji.)
scorching heat of the sun. (Prob.
Ukata, n. poverty, destitution. (Cf.
same asukulifu (which see), or
tnkata.)
possibly ukali.)
TJkambaa, n. ([kambaa), cord, K Ukavu, n. dryness, humour, intreof plaited leaf-strips, like shupatu. pidity, nonchalance. Ukavu wa macho,
sometimes used as a whip. (Cf. an unconcerned, fearless, cool look.
(Cf. -kavu, kauka.)
kamba, of cocoanut fibre.)
Ukame,
n.
barrenness,
Ukawa, n. (kawa), delay. (Cf. kawa,
bareness, waste condition,of kawio, usiri.)
land. (Cf. kame, and ukiwa.)
Ukaya, n. (paya), a long piece of thin
*Ukamili, Ukamilifu, n. com- blue calico or muslin, rolled up and
pleteness,
perfection,
consummation. (Ar. Cf. kamili, wound round the head an
and syn. -timilifu, -zima.)
*Ukamio,
menacing,
reproaching.

n.

(kamio),
threatening,
(Cf.

karnia, and syn. wogofya.)

Ukanda, n. (kanda), a strip of
leather, strap, thong. E. g. ukanda
wa kupigia, a scourge. U. wa
ktivalia
soruali,
a
trouser-

suspender.

U. wa utat a bow-string. (Cf.

kanda, n.)

Ukando, n. {kando), side, edge,

margin. (See Kando.)
Ukango, n. (kango), (1) frying ;
(2) frying-pan. (See Kaango, Kaanga.)
Ukano, n. (1) (kano), also Kano
(), and Mkano (/*-), sinew,
tendon,but in Z. commonly
mshipa (which see); (2) verbal of
kana, v., denial, contradiction.
Ukao, n. {kao\ act (place, manner, Scc.) of remaining (staying,
re- siding), way of living, posture.
(Cf. kaa, v., kikao, makazi, See.)'
*Ukarimu, n. generosity, liberality, hospitality, openhandedness.

dunder the chin, leaving two long e.g. of a river, precipice, pit, &c.,
ends, worn by married free edge of a sou a red or chamfered
women of the poorer class.
board. (Cf. ninga, and ttkattdo.)
Ukazi, n. act of residing
Ukinzani, n. (kinzani, ma-), ab(staying, remaining), right to stractiveness, contentiousness, petureside, payment for lodging, &c. lance, objection, contradiction. (Cf.
(Cf. ukao, kaa, v.)
kittga, kinzani.) '
Uke, n. (i) womanhood, female
condition, status, characteristics,
bnt commonly for distinctness
utu uke; (2) condition (privileges,
duties) of being a wife, e. g. uke
na ume ume- kwisha, we have
ceased to be wife and husband;
(3) for the vulgar kuma, vagina.
(Cf. -ke, and contr. -ume.)
Ukelela, n. (kelele, and ma-), a
cry, shout, exclamation, noise of
voices. (Cf. kelele. Also uke mi,
rarely used in Z.)
Ukengee, n. flat part of a
cutting instrument, blade of knife,
&c. (Cf. kengee, and bapa.)
Ukili, n. (), a narrow length
of plaited leaf-strip. Such lengths
sewn together form the common
mats of Zanzibar. Suka ukili, plait
ukili. (Sec Mwaa, Mkindu.)
*Ukinaifu, n. (kinaifu), selfsufficiency,
independence,
fastidiousness, self-satisfaction,
conceit. (Cf. kinai, -kinaifu.)
Ukindu, n. (kittdu), material
from the mkindu, or wild date
palm, i. e. leaf used for plaiting,
and fibre for string. The fruit is
kittdu. (Cf. mkindu, mwaa, ukili.)
Ukingo,
n.{kittgo),(1)
act
(means, manner, &c.) of warding
off,and so used variously of a
screen in a house, an awning to
keep off the sun, a fence for
directing game to a trap, a barricade of trees across a raid, a
parapet or balustrade, 8cc.; (a)
edge, rim, margin, verge, border,

UKAZI

Ukiri,
n.
(1)
acknowledgement,
confession,
justification, admission. Jitia ukiri,
justify oneself, freely allow. (2)
for ukili, a plait of leaf- strips. (Ar.
Cf. kirif and syn. uttgama.)

397

UKOMBOZI

Ukomba, n. a curved tool, used for

hollowing out by cutting and
scraping, e.g. for native wooden
mortars, drams, measures, canoes.
(Cf. komba, v. and follg.)

Ukombo, n. (kombo), curve, bend,

Ukiwa,
n.
solitariness, crook. (Cf. komba, kikombo, and prec.)
loneliness,
abandonment,
desolation,
state
of
being
Ukombozi, n. (1) rescue, ransom
uninhabited. (Cf. -kixva.)
TJkiziwi, n. deafness. (Cf.

kiziwi, and ziba.)

TJko, verb-form, you are (it is)

there, i. e. pfx. u agreeing with D
2 (S), D 4 (S), and with Pron. of 2
Pers. Sing, wewe,and -ko for
adv. huko of place or time, there,
then. (Cf. u, ko.)
TJkoa, n. (koa), ring or band of
metal, e. g. as used on a sword
sheath, bridle, &c. (Cf. koa.)
Ukofl, n. See Kofi, XJkufi.
Ukoga, n. (koga), used of
accretions or incrustations, such
as tartar on the teeth, scum on
water, scurf on the skin, &c. (Cf.
tikoko.)

Ukohozi, n. (ma-), coughing,

expectoration, sputum, phthisis,
any chest affection causing
coughing. (Cf. kohoa, kifua '.)
TJkoka, n. a fine, creeping kind
of grass, largely collected and
used as fodder for horses,
donkeys, and cattle in Z. (Cf. kikoka,
and the more general term majani.)
TJkoko, n. used of the hard
burnt caked rice at the bottom or
top of a cooking pot, and perh. of
other substances in similar
condition. (Cf. kikoko.)
Ukoma, n. leprosy. (Cf. also

matana, balanga, balasi, and perh.

conn, with koma.)

ing, redemption, recovery; (2)

money paid for redemption,
ransom, fine. i^Cf. komboa,
mkombozi.)
Ukomo, n. (komo), act (manner,
time, place, &c.) of coming to a
stop, end, halting-place, goal, end
part, limit, destruction, death. U
wa njia (kisa), end of a road
(story). U. wa bahari, seashore. U.
wa uso, forehead. (Cf. koina, v.,
kikomo, and perh. ukoma.)
TJkonge,

n.

fibre

mkonge, a kind of hemp.

of

the

Ukongojo,n. (kongojo), and

Mko- ngojo, a staff for leaning
on, a prop, a crutch. (Cf. kongoja.)
TJkongwe, n. extreme old age.
(Cf. -kongwe.)
Ukono, n. (kono), used of the
tendrils, by which plants grasp or
cling to anything, and of other
hand-like objects. (Cf. tnkono,
kikono.)

Ukonyezo,
n.
(konyezo),(i)
making a silent or secret sign, esp.
with eyes or hands, a wink, a
shrug; and (2) fig. hint,
suggestion, warning, allusion.
(Cf. konyeza,. and kopesa.)
Ukoo, n. (1) relationship,
kinship,
affinity,
ancestry,
pedigree, descent, family (cf.
ujamaa, udugu, utani, akrabba,
nasaba)\ (2) perh. better ukowo,

uncleanness, slovenliness, filth,

dirt. (Cf. ujusi, uchafu, taka.)

Ukope, n. (kope), a hair of the

eye-lash. Hatta ukope Iwaonea
mzito, even an eye-lash we feel a
burden. (Cf. kope, kopesa, and
udevu.)

Ukopi, n. (kopi), (1) borrowing

and not repaying, knavery,
cheating, deceit, fraud (cf. ujanja,

(2) thing
loan,
advance
(ci.karatha,maazimo). (Cf. kopa, mkopi.)
hi

la,

uda-

borrowed,

nganyifu);

Ukorofi, n. (korofi)y evil temper,

malignity, savagery, brutality, tyranny, &c. (Cf. -korofi.)
Ukosefu/ n, (ma-), failure (to
obtain, reach, get), lack, want, deficiency,
defect,
faultiness,
shortcoming. (Cf. kosa, -kosefu.)

UKAZI

Ukosekano, n. (ma-), like ukosefu (which see).

397

UKOMBOZI

mlimo, kilimo.)

Ukumbi, 11. (kumbi), porch, vesUkosi, n. nape of the neck.(Cf. tibule, outer hall, anteroom,inside a
stone house, outside a mud house.,
Ingia (tixva) kumbini is- an euphemistic
kikosi.)

expression for being circumcised, i.e.

Ukubali, n. (1) acceptance,
reception, consent, acquiescence; to be excluded (for the time) from
entering the house. Hence kumbi for
(2) acceptability, pleasingness.
(Ar. tohara, e. g. akamfanyia mtoto wake
kumbi, he arranged for his son to be

circumcised. (Cf. slbulo.)

Cf. kubali, kibali.)
Ukumbizi, n. (kumbizi), (1)^ a
Ukubwa, n. greatness, whether clearing away, sweeping up, making a
( 1 ) materially,big, bulky, clean sweep, gleaning; (2) a push
huge; or
( 2 ) morally,high,
powerful,
important,
weighty, &c.
(Cf.
-kubwa,

and kuu.)
'<
Ukucha, n. (kucha, and mar),
nail . (of finger or toe), claw,
talon, hoof. Piga (peleka) uk.,
scratch, lacerate, claw.

*
ITkufi, n. (kufi), as much as
will lie on the flat of the hand,
handful. Punje za mtama zinazopata
ukufi, as much millet as would lie
on the hand. (Cf. kofi, i. e. ukufi for
ukofi.)

*Ukufuru, n. (mad), unbelief,

infidelity, atheism, apostacy.
Maku- furu, blasphemy, sacrilege,
profane words or deeds. (Ar. Cf.
kafir i.)

Ukulifu, n. (1) being tired, remissness,

yielding;
(2)
oppressiveness,
being
overwhelming or too much, See.
(Cf. kua, kulia,.-kulifu, and ukalifu.)
Ukulima, n. (ma-), condition
(employment, operations, &c.) of
a husbandman (peasant, tiller of
the soil), agriculture, cultivation,
peasantry. (Cf. lima, mkulima,

ing off or away,. thrusting aside.

(Cf. kumba.)
Ukumbuko, Ukumbuaho, n. a
calling to mind, remembering, reminding,
remembrance,
memorial, spuvenir. (Cf. kumbuka,
kumbu- kumbu.)

Ukumbuu, n. (ktunbuu), girdle,

sas*h, i.e. some textile material
twisted or rolled up, and worn
round the waist. (Cf. mshipi,
mahazamu.')

Ukumvi, n. (,kumvi), empty ear

or spike or head of grain-bearing
plant, rice, millet, &c., without
the grain, husk, bran, chaff. (Cf.
wishwa, kapi, and kumbi, which is
perh. from' same root. Corresp.
toganda in fruit.)
Ukunde, n. (punde), a bean produced in pods by the plant mkunde,
grown for food in Z.
TJkunga, n. the trade (work,
pay) of a tnkunga (which see).
TJkungu. n. (kungu, rna-), (i)
damp, moisture, mouldiness,
mildew; (2) fog, mist, vapour,
esp. of morning and evening, and
so of twilight. Hence makungu, of
the signs of dawn, and glow after
sunset. E. g. ukungu unatanda
(unakuja, una- wamba), the dawn is
spreading. Mkate unafanya uk., the
bread is getting mildewed.
Ukunguru, n. also Mkunguru
(which see).
Ukuni, n. (\kuni), a stick of firewood.

Chanja (Jxisua) /uni, cut firewood.

Ukunjufu, n. cheerfulness,
gladness, good temper, geniality
(of mien and manner). (Cf. kunja,
-ku- njufu.)

Ukurasa, n. (kurasa), sheet or

strip of paper, leaf or page of a
book. (Ar. Cf. karat a, karatasi.)

Ukuta, n. (puta), stone wall of a

house, i. e. ukuta wa mawc. (Dist.
borna, which may or may not be a
wall, kiwambasa, a partition-wall,
commonly of sticks and plaster, kitalu,
wall of a court.)

UKAZI

397

UKOMBOZI

Ukuti, n. (putt), a side frond ofa humble appeal, begging for mercy. (Cf.
cocoanut leaf. (Cf. kuti, ma- kuti.) lalamu.)
Ukuu, n. greatness,but more Ulalo, n. (malalo), (1) place (time,
in a moral than material sense. accessories, manner) of lying down or
sleeping, camping-place, bed. Malalo, things
(See -kuu, and Kubwa.)
to sleep on, bedding (c kituo, kambi). (2)

Ukwaju, n. (pwaju), a tamarind, something lying or laid down, e.g. a tree or

fruit of the fnkwaju.
plank laid as a bridge across a stream (cf
IJkwasi, n. wealth, opulence,
riches. (Cf. -kzuasi and its syn. tajiri, mwenyi malt.)

Ukwato, n. (kwaio), hoof (solid,

of horse), part of a cloven hoof
(of cow, &c.). Mguit wa ngombe
una kwalo mbili, a cows foot is
Cloven (in two parts).
Ukwe, n. the relationship of

wa- kwe, i. e. of near connexions

by marriage, e. g. father-in-law
and son- in-law. (Cf. inkwe.)
*Ulaanifu, n. a cursing, a
curse, being cursed. (Ar. Cf. laana,
-laanifu, and follg.)
Ulaanizi, n. a cursing, using
imprecations, malediction. (Ar.
Cf. prec.).
Ulafl, n. (nia-), over-eating,
voracity, greediness, gluttony. (Cf.
-la, ulaji, and ul&vi.)
TJlaika, n. (wa-), a hair of the
body, a bit of down, gossamer.
(Cf. udevu, unyele, uko/v, and dist.
Ar. malaika, angel.)
Ulaini, Ulainifu, n. softness,
smoothness,
tenderness,
gentleness (of accent, manner,
&c.). (Ar. Cf. laini, and syn.
wororo, upole,)
Ulaji, n. (wa-), act of eating,
opportunity (means, chance) of
eat- .ing, a feast. E. g. uwapo ulaji
wakubwa, give the leading people
a feast. (Cf. -la, ulaji, chukula.)
Ulalamizi, n. (lalamiu), supplication,

.vital ago).

(Cf. lala, kilalo, nia-

lalo.)

TJlambilambi, n. condition of a
cocoanut, when the nutty part is
just forming, still soft, and can be
picked off, i. e. ul. wa dafn. (Cf.
lamba, dafu, nazi. Dist. rambirambi.)

kitunda.)

Ulimbo, n. birdlime, gum, glue.

Ulimbo ni utomvu wa kutegea ndege,

ulimbo is a sticky stuff for catching
birds with. Penyi urembo ndipopenyi
urimbo (for ulimbo), finery is a snare.

Ulimbwende, n. dandyism, showy

*Ulaya, n. (i) native land, dress or manner, coxcombry. (Cf.
home, but commonly used of -limbwende, umalidali.)
foreigners, and so (2) Europe.
Ulaya Uzungu, Europe. U. Hindi,
India. Ulaya wa IFareno, Portugal.
(Ar. Cf. wilaya, and follg.)
Ulayiti, n. European textile
stuff, esp. of a thin inferior kind
of calico, not so stout as
Amerikani, grey shirtings. Kamba
UL, hemp rope,not of cocoanut
fibre. (Ar. Cf. prec.)
*Uledi, n. in Z. a proper name
common among slaves. (Ar.,
cabin boy, cooks boy.)
TJlegevu, n. and Ulegeo, (1)
slackness, relaxed condition,
exhaustion,
weakness;
(2)
remissness,
carelessness,
negligence. (Cf. legea, -legevu, and
syn. utepetevu.)
Ulevi, n. (ma-), (1) a state of
drunkenness,
intoxication,
giddiness, staggering, reeling; (2)
an intoxicant, e. g. kill a ulevi, all
kinds of intoxicants (forbidden by
Mahommedan law). Ulevi wa
bahari, sea-sickness. (Cf. levy a,
and ulafi.)
TJlezi, n. {ma-), act (trade,
work, pay) of one who has the
care of children, e.g. a nurse,
tutor, guardian. Malezi, education,
training. (Cf. -lea, mlezi.)
Ulia, v. Ap. of ua, v. (which
see).
Ulili, n. {ma-), bedstead,with
the legs turned, not of the
common Zanzibar make. (Cf.

ULAMBILAMBI 400

ULIO

Ulimi, n. {ndimt), (1) the

Ulinzi, n. watching, guarding,
tongue,of man and animals guardianship, fee for guarding. (Cf.
generally, also (2) of objects linda, mlinzi.)
resembling it, a projection (cf.
Ulio, n. {lio), something for eating
mdomo), e. g. tenon * in
carpentering. Ulimi hauna mfupa, from or with,and so of a wooden
the tongue has no bone, i. e.
nothing stable, reliable. Kama
ulimi na mate, like tongue and
spittle,of things inseparable. U.
hauna dawa, the tongue is
incurable. Uji wa moto haupoi kwa
nchaya ulimi, the tip of the tongue
does not cool hot rice. (Cf. -Unit.)
Ulimwengu, n. {ma-), (i) the
world in general, the whole
creation, universe, visible things,
killa kitu kilicho na mwanga; (2)
the sky, e. g. ulimwengu umetakata,
the sky is clear; (3) the inhabited
world, earth, globe, e. g. ul.
tunaokaa sisi, the world we live in;
(4) .the present world (cf. kuwapo
ulimwenguni, for to be alive),as
opp. to the next world, which is
peponi, kuzimu, ulimwengu wa huko
{wa baadaye, ujao); (5) -the world

in a moral sense, the world as

worldly, the world as transitory,
unstable, evil, e. g. mema na
mabaya ndio ulimwengu, the world
is a mixture of good and evil; mtu
wa ulimwengu, or mli- mwengu, a
worldly
man;
(6)
the
environment, each mans own
surroundings
(circle,
circumstances). Ametengeneza ul.
wake, he has feathered his nest.
Plur. malimwe- ngu, usually,
worldly affairs,worldly pleasures
or interests. (Cf. Ar. alamt also
mlimwengu, and syn. dunia.)
Ulinganifu, Ulinganyo, n.
correspondence,
harmony,
comparison,
suitableness,
convenience. (Cf. linga, -linganifu.)

Ulingo, n. {lingo, and ma-), like

kilingo, a platform in a plantation,
for a watchman in charge of
crops. (Cf. kilindo, and dungu.)

platter raised on legs and used as

a table. (Cf. lia, Ap. of -la, v. eat.
Dist. ulio, verb-form, that which like uma. E. g. nyuki ameniuma, nami
is, yon who are.)
mmeumia, a bee stung me, and I feel
Ulipizi, n. (ma-), forcing pay- it. Nimeumia macho, I have a pain in
ment, exaction, vengeance* (Cf. my eyes. Simba alimwumia mwituui
(kichwani), the lion bit him in the
lipa, and syn. kisasi.)
forest (on his head). Cs. umiza,
Uliza, v. also Uza, (i) question, umizwa, usually intens. and of
interrogate, inquire (of, about), intentional infliction of pain,
ask, ask about (not ask for, hurt, cause to feel pain. Hence
which is omba, taka), demand. E. g. umiz-ia, -iwa. Also umizana. Rp.
tiali- mwuliza kali, I asked him umana, hurt each other,hence
about his health, how he was. I umani-sha,-shwa, and uman-ia,-iwa.
Vote kadiri aniuzaye habari, every one Meno ya mbwa hayaumani, a dogs
who asks me for information. At a teeth do not hurt each other. n.
uza kisa hiki, I will ask about this {uma, tiyuma, mauma), a metal spit,
matter. Ps. ttlizwa and ttzwa, e. g. be skewer, pointed tool, awl, punch,
questioned,and so, supply an fork, sting (of an insect, or reptile).
answer. Siwezi hiu lino a ttongo, I (Cf. chorna, washa.)
cannot let a false answer be
returned (to an inquiry). Nt. *Umahiri, n. and Umaheli, dexcleverness,
good
ulizika. Ap. uliz-ia, -iwa, ttz-ia, -iwa, e. terity,
g. ask on behalf of, e. g. kaniulizicni workmanship. (Ar. Cf. mailin'.)
rnirni sababu, and do you demand
n. and Umajimaji, being
on my behalf to have a reason Umaji,
being watery, wet, damp,
given. Rp. ulisana. (Cf. ulizo, and fluid,
humidity. (Cf. maji, and
syn. saili, hoji, dadisi.) (2) sell to, get moisture,
to buy. See Uza. (It seems possible syn. rutuba, uchepechepe, baridi.)
that uliza is a Cs. of an unused Umalidadi, n. (1) display of dress
ua, buy, i.e. invite to buy, or ornaments, fine dressing,
generalized to mean ask, showiness, and so (2) overquestion. See Uza, Uliza, sell.)
dressing, dandyism, foppery. (Cf.
Ulizi, n. (wa-), bawling,
saucal- ing, shouting, screaming,
loud cry. (From the Cs. form of
lia, with intens. force. Cf. mlizi, and
syn. kelele.)

ulimbwende, ttrembo, fahari.)

Umande, n. dew, damp cool air of

the morning or evening, mist, fog.
(Cf. uhingu.)

n. poverty, wretchedUlozi,n. (ma-), witchcraft, Umasikini,

misery. (Ar. Cf. masikini, and
sorcery, enchantment. (Cf. loga, ness,
syn. ufukara, ttka/a.)
mlozi, and syn. upagazi, uchawi.)
n. multitude, a number of
Uma, v. cause pain, hurt, bite, *Umati,
people (regarded collecsting,
smart,
ache,and persons,
E. g. umati wa tvatu, wattt
sometimes, feel pain. E. g. tiauma tively).
umati, and umati alone. Umati wa
mono, I have a pain in my teeth, I Muhamadi. Mahomets people, the
have toothache, but usually me no Mahommedan world. (Ar. not
(kichwa, tumbo) yaniuma, my teeth often used. Cf. watu,jamii, kundi.)
(head, stomach) hurt me. Ps.
utnwa. (Nt. umika, rarely used. Cf. Umba, v. give form to, shape,
utnika, of medical cupping.) Ap. fashion, create, make. The word
umia, umiwa, e.g. cause pain to (at, used regularly of the divine creawith, in, by, &c.), and also feel tion. Muutigu ameuumlki uli- mwengu,
pain,
D

ULAMBILAMBI 400

God created the world.

Jfukujittmba wee, umcumbwa na /1

luutigu, you did not create

yourself, you were created by

God. Rut also d

ULIO

UMBA-UMBA
generally, e.g. mfitiyanzi anaumba
vyungii, the potter is making
cooking- vessels. Ps. urnbwa. Nt.
umbika, e. g. kuumbika kwake kuzuri,
he has a fine figure. Ap. urnb-ia,
-iwa. Cs. utnb-isha, -ishwa. Rp.
umbana.
(Cf. umbo, kiumbe,
maumbile, umbua, and syn. huluku,
fanya, fanyiza.)

Umba-umba, v. See Yumba.

Umbo, n. (ma-), shape, form,

natural condition (appearance,
constitution). U. la Adamu
aliloumbwa mbele, the form of
Adam in which he was originally
created. . U. la mtu mbali, na la
nyama mbali, men and animals
have a different constitution. Also
used like hali, methali, fe. g.
rtajiona umbo la kuwa kiziwi, I feel
as if I were deaf. (Cf. umba, and
syn. asili, namna, hali, labia.)
Umbu, n. (ma-), a sister, halfsister,i. e. tidugu mke, with at
least one parent in common.
Umbua, v. Rv. of umba, take
away the form of, and so (i) spoil
the look of, deface, deform,
disfigure; (2) depreciate, degrade,
demoralize, corrupt. E.g. asioweza
kutuumba, kutuumbua hawezi, he
who cannot create cannot
uncreate. Ps. umbu- liwa. Nt.
umbuka, e.g. umbuka mwili,of the
body disfigured by disease, &c. .
Ap. umbu-lia, -liwa. Rp. umbuana.
Umbuji, n. grace, elegance,
pleasing appearance, accomplishments,of dress, manner, &c.
(Ar. bahaj. Cf. mbeja.)
Ume, n. and Uume, (1) male

402

UMIO

nature
(sex,
condition,
characteristics), e. g. manliness,
courage, pluck,but commonly utu
ume for manhood generally, and kiume
for qualities and character, i. e.
manliness, e. g. ume wa leo na kesho,
true courage lasts more than a day. (2)
condition of a husband, e.g. ume na
uke umekwisha, we have ceased to be
husband and wife. (3) for the vulgar
tnboo, penis. (Cf. follg., and uke.)
-ume, a. (ndume with D 4*(P),

ULAMBILAMBI 400

D 6, and sometimes D 1 (P)), (1)

of the male sex, male, masculine;
(2) like a man, virile, strong,
courageous, prudent; (3) of
things,strong, firm, reliable,
big. Mume (pi. waume), mtu mume
(pi. watu waume), mtu wa kiume (pi.
watu wa kiume), and most
commonly
mwanaume
(or
mwanamme, pi. waanaume) are all
used of man generally, in respect
of sex simply. In relation to the
female sex, mume has the definite
sense,
husband, married man/, in
contrast to mwanaume, which
denotes an irregular connexion
(cf. mke, mwanamke). Mnazi mume,
the male cocoanut tree,
comparatively unfertile. Mahindi
maume,small, inferior grains of
maize. Mkono mume, or wa kuume,
right hand,also mkono wa kulia.
Ndugu kuumeni, relative on the
fathers side. Maume, manly deeds,
prowess, e.g. ajetea mat^me, he
brags of his strength. (Cf. prec.,
and mume, ndume, kuume, kiume,
also contr. -ke, mke, &c.)
Umeme, n. lightning. Yapiga
umeme, it lightens. (Perh. cf.
mere- meta, memeteka.)

Umika, v. cup, apply a cupping

instrument, draw blood by
cupping. A hom is commonly
used. E. g. mwumishi ameniumika
leo, the cupper has cupped me today. Aliumtka pembe mwilini, he
applied a hom to my body.
Ps.umikwa. Ky.umik- ia, -iwa. Cs.
umik-iska, -ishwa, e.g. employ.as
cupper, cause (persuade, compel)
to be cupped. (Cf. follg., and
umuka. Blood-letting is also done
by gashing with a knife. Cf.
chanja.)

Umiko, n. also Ndumiko, a

cupping instrument, usually a
hom. (Cf. prec., and chuku.)

ULIO

Umilele, n. and Milele, perj

petuity, eternity. Also as adv. (Ar. Cf.
milele.)

Umio, n. {mio), internal throat, throatpassage,including both alimentary

and air passage. Mio z

a man has two passages in his throat. (Cf. mio, kimio,

and koo, roho, shingo.)
mtu tti mbili,

TJmito,
n.
heaviness, aand so as conceivably attributable
sluggishness, commonly uzito to other than God Himself. But
in Z.
* also cf. umoto, from moto, in place
of uoto.)
Umivu, n. (ma-), pain, ache,
smart. (Cf. wa, and syn.
Una, verb-form, * you have, it
uehungu, uchomi)
is, -u pfx. agreeing with Pron. of 2
Pers. Sing, and D 2 (S), D 4 (S),
Umka, v. and Umuka, swell and tia (which see). Unaui? Una
up, rise up with froth or foam, tiitti? What is the matter with you ?
e. g. of dough when fermenting,
also of breakers and foaming
*Unaflki, n. hypocrisy, dissemwaves.
bling, deceit. (Ar. Cf. mtiajiki, and
m won go.)

Umo, n. (wa-), hurting, bite,

sting, i. e. the effect rather than
Unajimu, n. astronomy, astrothe cause (cf. uma, n.).
(Umo logy. (Ar. Cf. mnajimu, and falaki.)
is also a
*Unanasi, n. heart or inside of
verb-form, * you are (it is) in, i. the pine-apple plant (mttanasi),
c. prefix u- agreeing with Pron. of and so usually a strong fibre
2 Pers. Sing, wave, or with D 2 (S), obtained from it, and used as
sewing-thread. (Cf. ukotige, ubugu,
D4(S).)

unttnu, See.)

Unda, v. construct, make, build,

put together, esp. of wooden structures requiring skill, e. g. shipbuilding, but also of other
materials. U. chombo, build a dhow.
U. derna, construct, repair a fishtrap. A/eri- kebu He imeundwa ya
thahabu, that ship was built of gold.
Ps. uudzva. Nt. undika. Ap. tind-ia,iwa, c.g. mti huu ukiundiwa utia
mais/ta Sana, this wood if used in
ship-building is specially durable.
Cs. und-isha, -ishwa, e. g. order a
ship to be built, give (or, take) a
contract for shipbuilding. (Cf.
mwunda, mwttnzi, uiotzi, kitinzi, and
in general .fanyiza, jenga).
Undu, n. (nyundu), comb of a
cock {jogoo).
Uneemefu, n. abundance,
Umoja, n. oneness, unity, plentiful supply. (Ar. Cf. netma,
netmefu, and syn. wittgi, ujaltfu.)
identity, concord. (Cf. -moja)
Unonajl, n. art (power,
Umoto, n. and Umotomoto,
heat, warmth, vehemence, fury, practice) of speaking, eloquence,
fluency. (Cf. mnenaji, totem, tuner,
&c. (Cf. moto, woto.)
tuna, and syn. usemi, usemaji.)
*Umri, n. time of life, age.
Utnri wake apataje ? How old is he ?

UMITO

Unono, n. stoutness, thickness,

corpulence. (Cf. -tune, tune pa)
Uneni, n. power of speech,
speaking, articulation. (Cf. utunaji,
tuna)

403

UNENI

Ungara, n. brightness, lustre, light.

(Cf. ngara, ngaa, mngao.)
Unga, v. (i) make a joining,
join, join together, connect, make
Ungi, n. much, abundance, plenty,
by joining, unite, form connexion a quantity, a good deal, e. g. ungi wa
(with), compound, combine; (2) chakula, plenty of food, or to express a
hence used esp. of mixing multiple of three/ ungi wa I
ingredients skilfully, e. g. u.
chakula, season food (cf. kiungo,
kitoweo, koled); u. dawa, compound
medicine; n. tambuu, make a
chewing mixture (cf. uraibii). Also
u. mbau, join planks. U. mfupa, set
a bone. U. kamba na jiwe, put stone
and rope together, i. e. in drawing
at a well. Ps. ungwa. N t. ungika. H
en ce ungikana. A p. ung-ia, -iwa,
-ika, -ilia, -iliwa, -ilika. Cs. ung-isha,
-ishwa, unganya. Rp. ungana. Hence
ungan-ia, -iwa, uiigan-isha, -ishwa.
(Cf. ungo,
mwungo, and generally fnnga, kutanisha.)

Unga, n. anything powdered,

or ground small, esp. grain of any
kind, powder, flour, meal, &c.
Unga wa msumeno, sawdust, also
unga wa mban, wa mti.

Ungama, v. acknowledge,
confess, admit, allow, grant,
concede. U. uizi, confess a
robbery. U. rupia, admit the
possession
of
rupees.
Ps.
ungamiwa. Nt. ungamika. Ap.
ungam-ia, -iwa, e.g. walim wungamia
nyumba, they granted him a house,
i, e. agreed, allowed it. Cs. ungamisha, -ishwa, induce to confess,
hear a confession. (Cf. mwungamo, mwangamishi, and syn. kiri.)
Ungamana, v. be joined
together,
uhited,
connected,
coherent, interdependent. Cs.
ungaman-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. unga,
and fungamana, shikamana, -mana.)
Ungamo,
n.
(ma-),
(i)
confession, concession, admission
; (2) a yellow stuff, used as a dye,
from the shrub mwungamo.

UMITO

iatu. (Wingi more common in Z.

See -ingi.)

403

UNENI

mat, or basket, or for the binding

round the edge. (Cf. mwaa, utangule,
uzimba, ukindu.)

Ungo, n. (ma-),(i) ajoining,

ajoint, and (of the body), a
Ungu, n. (nyungu), a cooking pot,
member, a part, usually kiungo, of the common kind, of baked clay.
but the plur. maungo is regularly (Cf. chungu, i.e. kiungu, and jungu, i.
used (a) of the limbs of the body e.ji-ungu.)
collectively, and so the body as a
Ungua, v. (1) be scorched, scalded,
whole, e. g. maungo yote
yanamtetcmeka, he was shaking all
over. Maungo wazi, stripped to the
skin, bare bodies; ana maungo, he
has a fine (well-knit, welldeveloped, . muscular) frame,of
a strong athletic man. (b) the back,
backbone, in a similar inclusive
sense, also uti wa maungo, i. e. the
stem on which the limbs grow. E.
g.juuya
maungoya
frasi,
on
horseback. Ameshuka maungoni
mwa mamaye, he has got off his
mothers back. (With this use of
maungo, cf. mgongo, jongo, kijongo,
kibiongo.)
(2)
the
hymen.
Vunja ungo, (a) begin to menstruate
;
(b) deflower, deprive of

virginity (cf. kisinda); (c) fig. of a

tree beginning to bear fruit. (3) a
round flat basket used for sifting
grain (cf. /unga). (Cf. unga, v.,
kiungo, mwungo.)

Ungoje, n. (ngoje) and

Ungojezi, a waiting (for), being
in attendance on, service, a
keeping watch, wages for
attendance (waiting, watching).
E. g. ungoje wa kungojea vyakula
shamba, wages for watching
crops on a plantation. (Cf.
mngoje, ngoja, and the more
general utumishi, hudutna.)
Ungongo, n. (ng'ongo), a
strip of palm-leaf, esp. of the
dwarf palm mkindu,ungongo
being one of the coarser strips
next to the middle rib, used for
sewing together the plaits for a

Ununu.n. fibre from the inner skin

of the stalk of a cocoanut leaf. (Cf.
hardened, damaged with fire, mnasi, ttkuli.)
burnt. Nyumba imeungua inoto, the
house has been (more or less)
Ummyzi, ' n. buying, purchase,
burnt, damaged by fire. Ps. ttngu- bargaining, bidding (for an article),
liwa. Nt. ungulika, e. g. (i) be custom, price. (CC ttunua, mnu- nuzi.)
hardened with fire; (2) be
combustible. Ap. ungii-lia, -liwa,
-lika, e. g. apply fire to, bake
(pottery). Cs. ungu-za, -zwa, burn,
scorch, scald. (Cf. Hckctea, be burnt
up, choma, set fire to, waka, be on
fire.) (2) Rv. of unga, disjoin,
disconnect, cut in two, pull apart.
Unguja, n. Zanzibar,island
and city. Unguja. ukutt, Great
Zanzibar is now a small town on
the same island south of the
capital. Kiunguja, the dialect of
Swahili spoken at Zanzibar,
often carefully distinguished from
the true Swahili dialect by
Swahilis, but the most generally
useful on the coast and in the
interior.
Ungwana, n. condition (status,
rank, quality) of a freeman
(tnngwana),
commonly
contrasted with that of a slave
(utumwa), but also denoting a
relatively high social grade,and
so, good breeding, education,
accomplishments, civilization, in
contrast with ttshenzi, barbarism.
Hence kiungwana, the speech,
bearing, characteristics of a
freeman (gentle- inan, lady), -a
kitingzvana, well- bred, educated,
civilized.
(Cf.
-ngwana,
kiungwana.)

Unong'onozi, n. (nongonezi),
whispering. (Cf. ttongona.)
Unono, n. (1) fatness,of
animals, (unette, of man), and so
(2) richness, comfort, luxury. A
common expression of good
wishes is ishi {Jala) unono, may
you live (sleep) in comfort. (Cf.
ttona, -nono.)

UMITO

403

UNENI

Unyaa, n. dirt, excrement. (Cf. panja, shungi, mvt.)

kinyaa, -nya.)

Unyago, n. dancing and other

ceremonies connected with the
initiation of children of both sexes
into tribal rights, as of adult age.
Used also of other grotesque
dances, i. e. mummery, acting,
farce. (Cf. kinyago.)
Unyama, n. the nature of a
beast, being like a beast,
brutishness, stupidity, &c. (Cf.
nyama.)

Unyamafu, n. silence, quiet, repose, reserve, taciturnity. (Cf.

nyamaa, -nyamafu, and syn. kimya.)
Unyanganyi, n. robbery, carrying off by force, abduction,
brigandage, lawless depredation.
(Cf. nyangany a, and syn. uizi, and
uharabu.)

Unyasi, n. (wa-), a blade of

coarse grass, a flag-like reed.
Unyayo, n^ {ttyay0). Sec Uayo.
Unyefu,
n.
power
of
absorption, retention of moisture,
dampness. (Cf. -nya, -ttyeftt.)
Unyegi, 11. and Unyeji,
itching, pruriency, heat. (Cf. nyegi,
nyea.)

Unyele, n. {ttyele, manyeh), also

unwele, nwele, a hair. When used

alone, properly of human hair,

but nycle za sittga, long, straight,
soft hair, is used of the hair of
Europeans, and of some animals
when of similar kind, c. g. horse
hair, mane of a lion, &c. Nycle za
kipilipili (sn kuso- keteka, za
kusongotnana)
describes
the
woolly, tufty, wiry hair of natives.
The hairy (furry, woolly) coat of
almost all animals is described as
manyoya. (See usinga, unyoya, also
ttlaika, ttdevu, ufuzi, ukope, unyushi,

Unyoloo, n. {nyelco), also unyweloo, manyw'oloo, pore,of the

skin. (Cf. -nya, -nyrva.)
Unyenyekco, Unyonyekevu, n. {tna-),
humility,, self-abasement, reverential
awe, obsequiousness, servility,
cringing. (Cf. nyenyekea, -nyeuyekevu.

)Unyeo, n. itching, tickling.

Uombaji, n. begging as a practice
(Cf. nyea, tnnyeo, nyegi.)
or profession, repeated or importunate
requests. (Cf. follg.)
Unyesi, n. (manyesi), passing
excreta, excretion, excrement,
Uombi, n. (wa-), begging, praying,
urine. (Cf. -nya, unyaa, and the intercession, supplication, entreaty,
vulgar rnaii, mkojo.)
prayer.
(Cf. prec., and
Unyeti, n. being tiresome, irri- omba, and syn. sala, dua, haja.)
tability, sensitiveness, causing
irritation,
conceit,
spite,
misconduct. (Cf. nyeta.)
Unyofu, n. (i) straightness,
being straight, extension;
(2)
straight
forwardness,
honesty,
uprightness. (Cf. nyoka, -nyofu.)
Unyonga, n. (nyongd), (1) hip;
(2) hip complaint, lameness due
to disease or injury of the hip.
(Cf. nyonga.)
TJnyonge, n. (ma-), condition
of being mean (vile, abject, low,
lowly),
meanness,
poverty,
feebleness, insignificance. In plur.
low acts, conditions % &c. (Cf.
-nyofige.)

Unyoya, n. (nyoya), a fibre of

wool, or animals haiy, or down,
&c. of birds. (See Nyoya,
Unyele.)
Unyozi, n. art (profession, fee,
&c.) ofa barber, hair-cutting,
shaving. (Cf. nyoa, kiriyozi.)
Unyushi, n. (nyushi), a hair of
the eyebrow. (Cf. us hi, also udevu,
ukope, and utiyele.)
Unywele, n. (nyiuele). See Unyele.
Uo, n. (nyuo), cover, case, scabbard, sheath. Uo wa kisu, sheath of
a knife. Uo wa kitalm, cover, binding of a book. (Cf. chuo, i. e. ki-uo,
and perh. nguo.)
Uole, for wole. See Ole.

UNYEO

406

Uongo, n. (no plur.) and

Uwongo, falseness, falsehood, a
lie, lies, untruth, deception, sham,
fraud, delusion, pretence. Sema
(toa) ., tella lie. Sultani akalia kwa
u., the Sultan shed crocodiles
tears. Used also as adj. (cf.
uchungu, utupu) and adv., e. g. kufa
uongo, to sham being dead (cf. kifa
uongo, the sensitive plant). Uongo
si thambi, uongo ndio watu watumiao
kw'a biashara, a lie is not sinful, it
is
a
generally
recognized
commercial device. Njia ya u, fupi,
lies do not go far. (Cf. -ongo, and
contr. kweli, hakika.)
Uonyefu, TJonyo, n. (onyo, and
warning,
exhortation,
remonstrance. (Cf. onya, onyo.)
tna-)}

Uovu, n. wickedness, badness,

evil, corruption. (See -ovu, and
cf, ubaya, -baya, and ubovu.)
Uozi, n. (ma-), act of marrying,
celebration of a wedding,esp.
of the religious ceremony at a
mosque, but applicable to the part
of the parents, bridegroom, or
celebrant. (Cf. oa, oza, and syn. ?
idoa, harusi.)
Upaa, n. (and Upara), (1)
crown of the head; (2) baldness.
(Cf. kipara, kipaa, and perh. paa
(ma- pad), roof of a native house.)
Upagazi,
n.
(1)
work
(profession, pay) of a caravanporter; (2) witchcraft, being
bewitched or possessed. (Cf.
pagaa, pagao.)
.
Upaja, n. (paja), thigh, ham.
Upaja wa tang a, broad, bulging
side, of a sail. Also paja. (Cf.
kiweo, of animals.)
Upaji, n. giving, free giving,
liberality,
open-handedness,
bounty, gift. Esp. of God, as the
great Giver. (CL pa v., mpaji,
kipaji.)

TTPAMBA

Upakizi, n. (ma-), loading a ship,

placing goods on board, freight,
freightage. Also upakio. (Cf. pakia, and
follg.)
Upakuzi, n. (ma-), ladling out,
serving out, distribution, &c., esp. of
food. (Cf. pakua, Rv., and pakia, Ap.,
and prec.)
Upamba, n. (pamba), (1) a small
billhook, a knife with a broad, flat,
thin blade, used in getting palm- vine
(tembo),also called kotamU

Upao, n. (pad), a thin stick, fastened across

(cf. gema). (2) a piece of cotton
the rafter-poles in a native hut to carry the
wool (i. e. pambd), for a plug or
thatch. Used also of thin rod-iron, iron bars,
bandage, lint, &c. in surgery, &c. upao wa chuma. (Cf. syn. uftlo.)
Upamba wa rnafuta, ointment
spread on cotton wool or lint. (Cf.
parnba, n.)
Uparabano,
n.
(wa-),
comparison, collision, quarrel.
(Cf. pambana,

tnpambano.)

Upambo, n. decoration, adornment, furnishing a house,

furniture, decorations. (Cf. pamba,
v., and syn. urembo.)
Upana. n. (wa-), width,
breadth. Mbau zina mapana, the
planks are broad. (Cf. -/awa, and
-rune,unette.)

Upande, n. (pande), a piece, a

portion, a certain part, a side, a
direction, region, district, place.
E. g. weka put aside, on one side.
Kwenda ., go sideways. Kuwa u.,
to be slanting, askew, out of the
level or straight. Pande za barra,
the mainland region. Pande zote,
on all sides. Upande wa chini, leeside, in sailing, u. wa juu,
weather side. Also used as a
measure of cloth, i.e. a
conventional piece or length, two
yards. (Cf. mpande, kipande, pande,
forms * which seem to be
sometimes used in contrast, with
reference to size, but not clearly
differentiated.)
Upanga, n. (panga), (1) a
sword. Also (2) a flat wooden
sword-shaped instrument, used by
a weaver to tighten each thread of
the woof in weaving. U. wa feleji, a
long, straight, two-edged sword.
U. wa itnani, a short sword with a
kind of cross hilt. Papa la ., flat
of the sword. Makali (ya .), edge.
Maungo (ya //.), back. Pula .,
draw a sword. (Cf. sitne, kitara.)

UNYEO

406

TTPAMBA

Upapi, n. (papi), long, narrow pembe, and prcc.

Also kiopoo,
strip, flat or rounded, of wood
ormetal, a long lath or bar, mchocko.)
beading, edging, border. Of
Upondaji, n. habit of liking or
clothes, a gore, gusset.
loving something. (Cf. pettda,
Upataji, n. buying
value, cost, price. (Cf.

power, and follg.)

pala,
pato.)
Upondoloo, n. (wa-), having a
special liking, bias, inclination,
Upatilifu, n. reproach, blame, favour, favouritism. (Cf.prcc.)
whether as inflicted or
Upendelovu, n. (1) as upcndclco,
incurred. (Cf. follg.)
but also admits of a pass, sense ; (2)
TJpatilizo, n. (wa-), blaming, being favoured, being liked.
reproaching, punishing, visiting
an offence. (Cf. pala, and prec.)
Upendozi, n. (waA,- ^1) being
agreeable (amiable, pleasing, - lovUpato, n. (pato, and of size able), pleasantness ; (2) being
wa-), a round metal dish-shaped pleased,
gong, with the edges turned up.
Dim.kipato.
Upawa, n. (pawa), a flat,
shallow ladle,usually of a part
of a cocoa- nut shell fixed on a
short stick as handle. (Cf. kata, a
deeper kind of ladle.)
Upekecho, n. (pekccho, wa-),
(1) drilling, turning a boring tool,
but esp. (2) manner of making
fire by twirling one stick pressed
on another;
( 3 ) fig.
annoyance,
vexatious conduct. Also
(4) a stick used for
making fire, as above.
(Cf. peke- cha.)
TJpele, n. eruption, pimples,
pustules, a breaking-out on the
skin. (Cf. kipele.)
Upembe, n. the upper comer of
the triangular sail of a native
vessel of the common kind
(chombo). (Cf. pern be.)
Upembo, n. (pernbo), curved
end, hook, crook, a hooked stick,
e. g. for pulling down fruit.(Cf.
pemba,

happiness, delight. (Cf. penda, and and also cheo, mpaka!)

Upepeo, n. (pepeo, and ma-), fan,
prec.)
Upendo, n. (pendo), act punkah, i. e. ttpepeo wa kumpepelea mtu
(manner, &c.) of loving, liking, baridi, a fan to fan a person with.
(Cf. 'kipepeo, pepo, upepo,
affection, love. (Cf. penda,pendo.)
Upendwa,
n.
{ma-),.being pepea, &c.)
loved, or liked. Mapendwa, things
Upepo, n. (pepo), wind, breeze,
loved, liked. (Cf. prec., and draught,
fresh air,i. e. of a light
upenzi!)
movement of air,the plur. pepo beUpenu, n. (penu), space outside ing used of high winds, a gale. U.
a native hut covered by the viwanana (mwororo), gentle (soft)
projecting frame and thatch of the breeze, zephyr, Punga u., take fresh
roof, and often enclosed so as to air, go for a change, fan oneself.
form a small lean-to or sleeping
place.
Hence
any
similar
appendage to a house. (Cf.
kipenu!)

Upenyezi, n. (penyezi, and via-),

( 1 ) secret, underhand, illicit
action ;
( 2 ) bribery,
smuggling,
giving com
missions,also (3) insinuation,
suggestion.
(Cf. penya!)
Upenzi, n. {ma-), (1) loving,
liking,
desiring,
willing,
resolving. Also (2) pass, being
loved, liked, &c. (Cf. penzi, and
penda!)

Upeo, n. {peo), limit, extremity,

furthest part, boundary line, full
extent or development. Upeo wa
macho, as far as the eye can see,
the limit of vision, horizon. E.
g.jang- wa kubwa tipeo wa macho
yake, a great waste extending as
far as he could see. Kupita upeo,

very extreme, beyond all bounds.

Used as adv., to the utmost,
thoroughly, as much as possible.
E. g. piga upeo, give a sound
beating to. Furahi upeo, be filled
with joy, be enraptured.
(Cf.
kipeo, -pevu, pevua,

UNYEO

406

TTPAMBA

Kaa upeponi, sit in a draught. (See Pepo, cooking, wages of a cook. Upishi ni
and Pepea.)
kuni, no cooking without fuel. For
of cooking cf. tokosa, oka, kanga,
Upesi, n. and Wepesi, speed, ways
quickness, velocity, lightness in chemsha, choma. (Cf. pika, mpi~ shi!)
movement,but
wepesi
commonly of lightness in Upo, n. (nyupo), a dipper, for baling

weight. (See -epesi, -pesi.) Mostly water out of a boat, &c.,*

used as adV., quickly, lightly, e. g. commonly a calabash (buyu), or ca
njoo upesi, come at once. Kimbia u.,
run fast. (Cf. haraka, hima, mbio.).
Upeto, n. (peto), folding, fold,
roll, something rolled up,
package, bundle. (Commonly
peto, kipeto

(which see), and cf. generally

kikapo, furushi!)

Upigano, n. (ma-), fighting,

contest, rivalry. In plur. battle,
riot, brawl. (Cf. piga, pigana, pigo,
and ushindani!)
Upindani,
n.
(pindani),
stiffness, obstinacy, e. g. mmefanya
u. na mimi, you have behaved
obstinately to me. (Cf. -pindani,
pinda, and syn. ukaidi, ugumu,
ushindani.)
Upindi, n. (pindi) and Upinde, a
bending, a bend, a being bent, a
thing bent, but commonly a bow
(for shooting,- the weapon) only.
Pinda u., bend a bow. U. wa mvua, a
rainbow. (Cf. pinda, pindi, ki- pindi,
and follg. For bow cf. uta.)
Upindo, n. (pindo), (1) a bend,
a fold, a turned edge ; (2) of a
cloth, selvedge, hem, border,
skirt; (3) a folding cloth, wrapper,
e. g. for wrapping a corpse in
before placing in the shroud,
saajida (Kr.). (Cf. prec., and
kunjo!)

Upinduzi, n. (ma-), upsetting,

overturning, capsizing. (Cf.pindua,
pinda!)
.
Upishi, n. (pishi), act (method,
means, profession, 8cc.) of

n(kopo). (Dist. upawa, kata, and

Upumbafu, n. (pumbafu, and tna-),
the verb-form upo, you are (it is) folly, stupidity, ignorance. (Cf.
here, i. e u- and -pc.)
pumbafu, pumbaa, and syn. ujinga.)
Upofu, n. deprivation, ruin,
Upumuzi, Upumuo, n. See Puloss, but esp. of loss of sight, muzi.
blindness, i.e. upofu wa macho.
(Cf. pofua, and kipofu.)
Upogo, n. (pogo), condition of
being cut away, i.e. one-sided, in
unequal parts, being awry,
distorted, zigzag. Of the eyes,
squinting. As adv. upogo-upogo,
from side to side, zigzag. (Ct.
pogo, pogoa.)

Upole, n. gentleness, kindness,

meekness,
slowness
of
movement. (See -pole, and contr.
ukali.)

Upondo, n. (potido),
Pondo, sing, (which see).

also

Upongoo, n. (pongoo), central

rib or stem of a cocoanut (or
similar) leaf. (Cf. kuti.)
Uponyi, n. (ponyi), means of
saving, way of escape, rescue,
cure. (C f. pony a, pona} mapoza,
mapottyea.)

Upooza, n. paralysis, deadness,

numbness. (Cf. pooza, mapooza.')
Uposo, n. (jna-), application for
a wife, proposal of marriage,
present sent to brides relations.
(Ci.posa.)

Upote, n. (pole), thong,

bowstring, of sinew, i. e. ugwe
wa mikano ya nfovibe. (Cf. ukanda,
ugwe.)

Upotevu, n. (i) destructiveness,

waste, ruin, vandalism; (2) pass,
being lost, wandering, perishing,
delusion. (C(. potca,-potevu.)
Upotoo, Upotofu, n. caprice,
wil- fulncss, obstinacy. (Cf.potoa,
-/<?- toe, -potoftt, and prcc.)

UPOFU

Upunga, n. (punga), stage in the

growth of a Fruit-bearing tree or
plant, when the flower is fullblown and the embryo fruit
beginning to form. In Z. esp. of
cocoannts (pi. purtga, the male
flowers), but also used of
maize,millet, &c., and obs.
mpunga, of rice, while still on the
plant

409 URASHAKASHA

(katu), and cloves {garaftut). The gum

and areca nut colour the saliva

expectorated a blood-red colour, and
also dye the teeth. E. g. umeleta tambuu, haina vifaa, you have brought
the leaf (wrapper), but not the mixture
for chewing. (?Ar. Cf. tambuu.)

Urari, n. also Uirarl, Worarf,

equality, proportion, evenness, balance,a technical term used in acUpungufu, n. (pungufu,a.n& counts. Urari wa htsabu, balancing an
via-), also Upunguo, becoming account. Fattya u., strike a balance. (?
less,
abatement,
decrease, Ar. or llind.)
deficiency, defect, privation,
*Urosharosha,
n.
(///<*-),
want, lack. (Cf. -/- itgufu,
sprinkling of liquid (water, rain,
pungtika, &c.)
scent), shower,
Upupu,
n.
cow-itch,the
mucuna bean, covered with
velvet-like glossy hairs, extremely
irritating to the skin. Up. wa
bahari, a stinging jelly-fish,
medusa.
Upuzi, n. folly in talk or
conduct,
dissipation,
gossip,
nonsense, mere fun. (Cf. puza.)
Upweke, n. being alone,
solitariness,
independence,
singleness, singularity. E. g.
amekufa
upweke,
he
died
unattended. Safari ya u. haifai, it
does not do to travel alone. (Cf.
pekee, -pweke.)

Upya, n. {mpya, mapya),

newness, freshness, recency,
novelty, strangeness. (Cf. -pya,
and syn. ubic/ii, ugefti.)
Uraflki, n. (1) friendship,
friendliness, sociability; (2) circle
of friends. (Ar. Cf. rafki.)
Uraibu, n. and Ughaibu, a
chewing mixture very popular in
Z. and commonly called tambuu,
from the betel leaf, in which it is
wrapped and chewed. The
ingredients arc lime ((chokaa),
tobacco (tumbako), chips of arcca
nut (f>opoo), and often a red gum

drizzling. (Ar. Cf. mrashi, rashi,

and syn. manyunyo)
*TTrathi,n. feeling or making
(giving) satisfaction, and so (i)
con-' tentment, satisfaction,
complacency;
(2)
active
approval,
kindness,
condescension,
assent,
authorization, sanction ; (3)
amends, apology, payment of
claims or damages, satisfaction
of demands, &c. (Ar. Cf. rithi,
and dist. urithi, inheritance.)
Urefu, n. length, tallness,
height, depth, distance. Also the
pi. marefu in same sense. Further
distinguished as u. wa kwenda juu
(chini), height (depth). (Cf. -refit,
and ubali, and measures of
length, wanda, shi- biri, mkono,
wari, pima, thiraa.) Urembo, n.
(rembo,
ma),
adornment,
ornamentation, finery, display,
esp. of dress or person, e. g. the
delicate black lines sometimes
painted on the face to heighten a
light complexion.- Piga (fanya) u.,
make a display, dress oneself up.
U. wa Muungu, the glorious work
of God,' i. e. the Universe,
Cosmos. (Cf. remba, and syn.
pambo, uzuri, valio. For various
kinds of personal ornament see
mkufu, intali, furungu, banagiri,

Useja, n. {seja), a collar of

beads.
Usemaji, n. speaking as a
practice or profession, eloquence,
fine speech, rhetoric, fluency. (Cf.
follg., and unenaji)
Usemi, n. speaking, speech,
talk, diction,conversation. .
(Cf.prec.,and sema, mserno, and
generally uneni) Ushahidi, n.
{shahidi), bearing witness,
attestation, evidence, proof. (Ar.
Cf. shahidi, ushuhuda, shuhu- dia,
and syn. mathubuti)
Usbanga, n. {s'hanga, and ma-),
a bead,and collectively, beads in
general. Shanga in relation to beads
singly, mashanga, collections of
beads, bead articles. Ushanga
mwingi, a quantity of beads. Beads
are sold in strings {timba, kete), or
bunches (shada, /undo), and hitherto
have largely supplied the place of
money in the interior, being
imported in large variety of shape
and colour to suit the peculiar taste
and demand of different localities.

*TJsharifu,
n.
nobility,
excellence, respectability,esp. of
rank and character. (Ar. Cf. sharifu)
Usharika, n. {sharika), and
Ushirika, (1) partnership, cooperation, sharing; (2) community
inheritance, a heritage, bequest, of interests, common nature,
legacy. (Ar. Qi:rithi, v. inherit, intimate union, commission. (Ar.

warithi,
mrithi.
Dist. urathi) See Shariki.)
TJrotba, n. also Worotha, WorUshaufu,
n.
delusiveness,
ths, invoice, list of goods,
deception,
misleading
schedule. (?Ar.)
display,disappointing promise. (Cf.
*TTrujuani, n. purple,the shaua)
colour. (Ar.)
*Ushemasi,n. office (work,
salary) of a deacon, diaconate. (Ar.
*Usafihi, n. See Usufli.
Cf. shemasi)
Usaha, n. matter (from
Ushd, n. {nyushi), (1) eyebrow;
abscess, wound, &c.), pus,
(2)
any
ridge
(projection,
discharge.
roughness)
resembling
an
Usahibi,
n.
correctness, eyebrow, e. g. stringcourse of a
accuracy, freedom from fault
(blemish, mistake). (Ar. C
kekee, kikuku, kipini, kipu- li,
kingaja, koa, use]a, jasi, jebu, kipaji,
t/alia, ndonya, shamili, sarafu,
azama, pete, and for dress nguo)
*Urithi, n. {rithi), th as in thin,

UPOFU

wall, cornice, &c., rough surface

of unplaned planks. (Cf. unyttshi)
Ushinda,
n.
(shinda),
remainder. (Cf. shinda, kishinda)
Ushindani,
n.
{shindani),
rivalry, competition, emulation,
contest, fight-

409 URASHAKASHA

USHINDE
ing.

(<?f.

shinda,

shindana,

and

upigano.) *

ashanni.)
Ushuzi, n. breaking wind. (Cf. shu/a,

Ushindo, n. state of being con-

shuzi, and jarnba.)

not acknowledge defeat has not been a

combatant. (Cf. follg., and ms hi tide.)
Ushindi, n. (wa-), victory, conquest,
overcoming, success. (Cf. shinda,
mshindi, and prec.)
Uaboga,
n.
friendship,between
women. (Cf. shoga.)
Ushoni, n. (/a-), needlework, sewing, i.
e. the art, style, trade, wages, &c. of a
seamstress or tailor. All sewing is done by
men in Z. (Cf. shotta, rnshotu.)
*tXshtaki, n. accusation, prosecution,
making complaint. (Ar. Cf. shtaki,

shtaka.)

Ushuhuda, n. (shuhuda, wa-),

testimony, evidence, proof. (Cf. ushahidi,

shuhudia.)

Ushujaa, n. (wa*), bravery, courage,

heroism. Mashujaa, heroic acts, exploits,
also pi. of shujaa, a hero, a brave man.
(Ar. Cf. shujaa.)
*Ushukuru, n. (wa-), (i) thanksgiving,
returning thanks, gratitude; (2) resignation,
ceasing to feel or care, passive
acquiescence.
(Ar.
Cf.
shukuru,

shttkrani.)

USO

411

Uahungi, n. (shungi), handkerchief,

worn on the head by women out of doors.
Lazima kujifunika u shungi, they arc
obliged to wear a handkerchief on their
heads. (Cf. shungi, kishuttgi.)
Ushupafu, n. (i) hardness, toughness,
firmness, compactness; (a) resoluteness,.
pertinacity, obstinacy. U. wa mwili, a
well-knit, muscular body. U. wa tnaneno,
obstructive speeches.
Ushuru, n. taxation, tax, customs, duty,
rate, rent, &c. Toa-u., pay taxes. Toza
collect taxes. (Ar. prop, a tenth, ashr; cf.

UPOFU

XJsia, v. See Wosia. (Ar.)

409 URASHAKASHA

chtlewai ah in.)

Usibiri, n. magic, sorcery

Uaitawi, a flourishing condition,
/charms, spells,enchantment. (Ar. healthy development, full activity,
for com
success. (Cf. sitawi.)
mon uchawi, uganga, ulozi, hirizi.)
Uso, n. (nyuso), (1) face, countenance,
Uaikizi, n. (i) attention, expression (cf. sura)\ (a) front, exterior,
hearing, listening, intelligence;
(2) docility, obedience. (Cf. sikia, surface. */a uso, put in countenance, relieve,
msikizi.)

Usiku. n. night, night time, i. e.

the twelve hours of darkness, with
which the day or diurnal period
called siku begins, from 6 p.m. to
6 a.m., the following twelve hours
of daylight being rnchana. The pi.
siku, and occasionally masiku, is
not used distinctively of nights.
Siku nnc rnchana na usiku, four
whole days. Usiku wa manane,
midpight, the dead of night. (See
Siku, Mchana.)
Usimanga, n. rejoicing over anothers misfortune, ill-natured triumph, mockery. (Cf. simanga,
masimango, and syn. thihaka.)
Usimeme,
n.
firmness,
stability, strength. (Cf. simama,
and syn. tit habit i, ushupafu, nguvu.)
Usinga, n.%(stngd), a single hair,
of the long, straight kind, of
men
and
certain
animals.
(See'Singa.)
Usingizi, n. (singizi), and Uzingizi, sleep. Lala usingiti, go to
sleep. Us. tnzito, deep sleep. (Cf.
sinzia, and peih. singa, roll up, turn
round, also teppe. Dist. singizia,
masingizio.)

Usiri, v. stay, delay, be

detained, but commonly in Nt.
usirika, be detained,delayed, be
behindhand. Cs. usirdsha, -ishwa.
n. detention, delay, being late,
lagging behind. E. g. tuwanzo huwa
na usiri, starting always seems
slow to come. (Ar. Cf. kawia,

comfort, assist. Vunja uso, disgrace, dis

courage. Kunja uso, express

sorrow (anger, &c.), ktinjua uso, of
pleasure, good humour. Uso kwa
uso, face to face. Usoni pa, in the
presence of. Uso wa art hi, surface,
crust of the earth.
Usoka, n. (masoha), brass wire,
in general, or a small piece of
wire. (Cf. masoka, masango.)
Usononi, n.- being hurt, pain.
(Cf. sonoueka.)
Ussububi, n. See Assububi
(Subuhi). (Ar.)
Ustabifu, n. (i) respectful conduct, courtesy, deference ; (2)
being
honoured,
respected,
esteemed, &c. (Ar. Cf. stahi,
-stahifu, and follg.)
Ustabiki,
n.
estimation,
honour, worth. (Ar. Cf. prec.)
TJsubi, n. a small biting gnat,
midge, sandfly. (Cf. imbu.)
Usu.fi, n. produce of the tree

rnsufi, i. e. a very soft silky cotton

in a large pod.

Usufii, n. conduct and

character of a sujii, i. e. a
Mahommedan philosopher or
saint, on the higher side including
piety, truthfulness, chastity, and
on the lower pride, exclusiveness,
solitariness. (Ar. Ci. sujii, walii,
rntawa.)

Usububa, n. friendship. (Ar.

Cf. sahibu, for commoner urafiki.)
Usukani, n. See Msukani.
Usultani, n. office (dignity,
privileges, &c.) of a sultan,
chieftaincy, headship, royalty. (Ar.
Cf. sul- tani.)
*Usulubi, TJsulubifu, n. peacemaking, reconciliation, being

reconciled, &c. (Ar. Cf. suluhi.)

Usumba, n. the fibres of the cocoanut husk, after being soaked and
cleaned for use in making string,
cord, &c. Also makumbiya usumba. (Cf.
klimbi.)

Usumbufu, n. (ma-)} annoyance,

vexation, worry, trouble,whether as
caused, or endured, act. or pass. (Cf.
sumbua, and uthia, taabu, mashaka.)

412

USOKA

ITT ATT A TT~FTT

Usuria, n. condition of being a of capital, status of a merchant or

suria, domestic concubinage. (Cf. capitalist, riches. (Ar. Cf. tajiri, and
suria, and dist. uhawala, uhahaba.) contr. masikini.)
Ususi, n. plaiting, e. g. of hair,
Utakaso, n. (1) cleansing, a thing
mats, &c. Ususi wa 7iyele, hair- cleaned; (2) a rustling, perh. for
dressing, coiffure. (Cf. msuko, uchakacho.
(Cf. nitakaso, and chasuka.)

kaza.)
Uswafl, n. purity, lucidity,
Utakatifu, n. cleanliness, purity,
clearness,esp. of elegance of material and moral,and so, sanctity,
style (cf. ufasihi, usahihi).
(Ar. holiness. (Cf. -takatifu, takasa, and syn.
Cf. safi.)
weupe, uswafi.)

TJta, n. (1) (nyuta, and mata)y a

bow, bow and arrows, i.e. the
weapon complete (cf. upindi); (2)
mafuta ya uta, semsem oil (i. e. uta
for ufuta (?), which see). (Cf. ute,
uto, and dist. uti, utu.)
TJtaa, n. (taa), a stage, raised
and covered, to put grain on for
storage and drying. (Cf. ttekaga.')
*Utabibu,
n.
profession
(practice, fee, &c.) of a doctor,
medical
science,
doctoring,
treatment. (Ar. Cf. tabibu, and syn.
uganga.)

Utabiri,
n.
(via-),
interpretation,
explanation,
exposition,
announcement,
prediction. (Ar. Cf. tabiri\ and syn.
ubashiri, u/asiri.)
Utadi, n. itadi), offence, error.
(Ar. Cf. tadi.)
Utafatbali, v. from tafatbali
(which see),used as a polite formula, please, if you please, would
you be so good. (Ar. Cf. fa- thili,
afat kali.)

Utaji, n. a piece of calico or

stuff of any kind used by women
and men as a covering of the
head, whether to conceal the
features, protect from sun, or as
ornament, a veil. (Cf. she la,
dusamali.)

Utajiri, n. wealth, possession

Utani, n. kinship, clanship,

membership in tribe or race. (Cf.
ntiani.)
*
.
Utako, n. {toko), breech, butt,
base, lower end, bottom part. (Cf.
tako, kitako.)

Utambaa, n. (tambad), a strip of

cloth, rag, bandage, duster. (See
Ki- tambaa. more commonly
used.)
TJtambazi, n. (Jambazi), (i) act
(power, means, &c.) of creeping
or crawling; (2) mark left in
crawling, track, trail. (Cf. tambaa,
v., -ta- rnbazi.)
Utambi, n. {iambi), (1) wick of
a candle or lamp; (2) vermicelli, i.
e. iambi za kupika (za maandasi);
( 3 ) stuff for a turban, e.g.

Utapishi, n. (ma-), (1) causing

to vomit, action of an emetic; (2)
vomit. (Cf. tapika.)
Utari, n. ([tari), string of an
instrument, leather thong,and
perh. more generally, cord, rope.
(Cf. tari.)
Utasa, n. and TJtassa, barrenness,
sterility,of
produce
generally. Mwaka wa utassa, an
unfruitful year. (Cf. tassa.)
Utashi, n. strong desire,
earnest demand, importunate
request, present made to back an
appeal. (Cf. taka, v. matakwa.
Utashi seems to be from a Cs.
takisha, with intens. force.)

tengeneza ( panza, shushd)

u., arrange (put on, take

Utasi,
n.
inability
or
disinclination to speak, being
tongue-tied:

iambi,)

Utata, n. ([taia), a kind of

wicker fence used for enclosing
and catching fish (Kr.). Cf.
similar uzio. (Cf. tata.)

off) a turban; (4)

membrane enclosing the
bowels. (Cf. kitambi,
Utambo, n. (tambo), (1)
strutting, swaggering, and (e.g.)
of horses, prancing, high action;
(2) the swinging handle of a pail,
iron pot, &c. (as contr. with mpini
(of a knife, &c.), mkono (of a
saucepan), shikio (of a basket,
&c.).) (Cf. tambo, tambo.)
Utambuzi, n. (tambuzi), mental
quickness,
intelligence,
perception, facility, cleverness,
skill. (Cf. tambua, -tambuzi, and
syn. akili, ufahamifu.)
Utamu, n. (1) flavour, taste,
in general; (2) sweet taste,
sweetness, being agreeable to the
sense or senses, pleasantness,
charm. (Ar. Cf. tamu.)
Utamvoa, n. (tamvua, and wa-).
See Tamvua.
XJtando, n.
Utandu. Used

(iando) and
to describe

Utatu, n. (1) being triple,

threefoldness, trinity; (2) a third
part. E.g. kibaba cha utatu, a third
part of a pis hi, the usual kibaba
being cha *nne, i.e. four to the
pishi. (Cf. kibaba, and talu.)
*Utaw,a, n. and Utaawa,
TJtaowa, (1) staying in the
house, seclusion, the usual life
of Mahommcdan women of the
upper classes in Z.; (2) a chaste,
religious, pious life and character. (Ar. Cf. tawa.)
Utaya, n. bone of the jaw. (Cf. taya.)

Ute, n. {mate, cf. ula, maid),

thick, sticky, viscid fluid, e.g.
saliva, mucus, lather. Tcma mate,
spit, expectorate. Ute wa yai, white
of egg. (But cf. uto and uta, both
of liquids, and dist. uti, utu.)
Uteketovu, n. destroying,
being destroyed, destruction,esp, as by fire, being utterly

USOKA

412

anything spread out, extended,

stretched (cf. tanda,'\.)t e.g. (1) a
veil, screen, coverlet, tapestry,
hangings; (2) a spider's web, u. wa
buibui; (3) sunset glow;
( 4 ) clouded sight, whether a
film over the eyes (cf.
chamba cha jicho), or
sheer drowsiness ; (5)
scum, crust, film,e.g. on
milk,cream, or on a pot
of cooked rice (cf.
ukoko, &c.). (Cf. tanda,
iatuio,
syn.
ukingo,
kiwambo.)

ITT ATT A TT~FTT

sliding,

steep descent. Ina

matelezi, it is slippery. U. mwingi,
very slipper}'. (Cf. telea,
telem'ka.)

Utembe, n. the chewed refuse

of the mixture called tambuu or
uraibu, which is expectorated. It
is of a blood-red colour.
Utembezi, n. (wa-), (i)
offering for sale, advertising,
exhibition
of
goods,but
commonly (2) walking about,
for business or pleasure, not
merely for progress on a
journey.
Sometimes
a
euphemism for a dissipated
life.' (Cf. tembea, and zu- ngtika.)
Utembwe, n. fibre from the
leafstalk of various palms, used
as string. (Perh. not in Z. Cf.
ugomba.)

Utendaji, n. activity, energy,

facility in doing. (Cf. tenda, -tendaji, and syn. bidii, ujitahidi.)
Utengo, n. act (manner, place,
time, &c.) of withdrawal,
retirement,
separation,
exclusion, &c. (Cf. tenga.)
Utenzi, n. {tenzi), (1) activity,
action, work, operation,but
more commonly this is utendaji;
(2) a , poem,esp. of a religious
kind, an old story told in verse.
(Cf. tenda, utendaji, and for poetry
shairu)

Utepe, n. {tepe, ma-), a narrow

strip of cloth, band, fillet, ribbon, tape, badge on the arm (of
a soldier).
Utepetevu,
n.
languor,
listlessness, indolence, lack of
energy. (Cf. -tepetevu, tepetea,
and syn. ulegevU, uvivu.)
Utesi, n. (ma-), (1) trouble,

distress, annoyance, persecution;

(2) strife, quarrelling, antagonism.
Utesi 7va Muungu huu, this is a
visitation of God. (Cf. tesa, teso.)
UtetS, n. {tete), stalk or stem of a
reed or grass, used as a pipe, or
musical instrument. (Cf. tete, kite
te^)

Utetezi, n. {ma-), intercession,

advocacy, argument or effort for or
against,and so also, opposition,

USOKA

412

ITT ATT A TT~FTT

obstructiveness. (Cf. teta, tetea,

tJthiko, n. {ma-), trouble, anand follg.)
noyance, vexation. (Ar. Cf. uthi;
uthia.)

Uteto, n. (ma-), debate,

argument, quarrelling, strife. (Cf.
Uthilifu, n. {ma-), being brought
prec., and teta.)
low, bringing low, abasement, humiliation, degradation. Mathilifu,
Uteuzi, n. choice, choosing, troubles, disasters, adversities. (Ar.
criticizing,
fastidious
taste, Cf. thili, -thilifu.)
daintiness, like uchaguzi. (Cf.
teua, -teule.)
*TJthuru, n. (J) excuse, pretext,
*Uthabiti, n. firmness, stability, reason; (2) occasion, opportunity,
strength, courage, resolution. (Ar. emergency. E. g. nalikuwa na. u
Cf. thabiti, thabutu.)
*Uthaifu, n. {thaifu, and ma-),
weakness, insignificance. (Ar. Cf.
thaifu,-thoofka.)

Uthalimu, n. {thalimu, via-),

injustice, tyranny, oppression, iniquity. (Ar. Cf. thalimu, thu- lumu.)
_
*Uthamini, n. surety, bail,
guarantee. (Ar. Cf. thamini, thamana.)

Uthani, n. See Uzani.

*Uthi, v. and Uthia, give
trouble, annoy, harass, vex, pain,
grieve. Ps. uthiwa. Nt. uthika. Cs.
uthi-sha, -shwa, intens. (Ar. Cf.
follg., and sumbua, tesa, chokoza,
onea, &c.)
*Uthia, n. trouble, annoyance,
difficulty, bother, confusion,
disturb- ance, uproar, riot. . (Ar.
Cf. prec., and syn. usumbufu,
ghasia, makelele.)

*Uthihirifu, n. (1) making clear

or evident, manifestation, demonstration ; (2) clearness, plainness.
(Ar. Cf. thahiri, -thihirifu.)
Uthiki, n. (1) want of room,
narrowness,
tightness;
(2)
distress, annoyance. (Ar. Cf.
thiki.)

.wa kukutaka, I had a reason for tisha,and tiisha, reduce to subasking you. Hana ruhusa kutembca mission.)
billa uthuru, he is not allowed to
Uto, n, (nyuto) or Ute, and perh.
go walks without occasion. Toa .,

offer excuse. v. excuse, allege Uta, of any thick, viscid, oily fluid.
an excuse for, use as pretext. Ps. E.g. uta (lute) wa yai, white of egg. Uto
uthuriwa.
Nt. uthurika, e. g. be wa ina/uta. oil. Uto wa lisasi, lead in a
semi-liquid (molten) state; uto wa
excused, or excusable, have an ttyatna, dripping, from meat, melted
apology made for one. Ap. ttthur- fat. (Cf. utornvu, and perh. into, kijuio
ia, -iwa, e. g. allege pretext for, for kijito.)
&c. Cs. uthur-isha, -ishwa. ' (Ar. Cf.
hoja, sababu.)

Uti, n. (ttyuti), of same root as

mti, but inti being practically

limited to the meaning * tree, as

a whole, whether growing or as *
timber, pole, uti supplies a means
of representing the root in other
connexions, e.g.
( i ) stem, trunk portion of a.
tree or shrub (cf. uti wa
kuti, the central rib
(wood) of the cocoanut
leaf); and (a) fig. of the
backbone,
uti
wa
maungo, as the central
support of the" human
frame. Also (3) the
wooden part, shaft of a
spear (uti wa mkukf), the
brace of a drill (uti wa
kekee); and (4) of a
small bit of wood, a
chip,
splinter,
e.g.
matchwood. (Of. mti,
kijiti, ? kiti, and dist. ute,
uta, uto, utu.)

Utiko n. roof-ridge of a thatched

house,and so, ridge-tile, or anything
so used. (Cf. matiko.)

Utimbi,
Utimfl.
n.
mischievousness, roguery. (Cf.
kitimbi, timvi.)

Utirirl, n. clusivcncss, being

provoking,conn, with tiririka,
glide, slip away.
Utisho, n. (tisko), frightening,
scaring, causing abject terror. (Cf.

UTI

415

UTUMBO

Utohara, n. (1) cleanness, qspi tukuza, and syn. at ha- in a, heshima.)

ceremonial
purity;
(2)
Utukutu, n. (x) restlessness, nervcircumcision. (Ar. Cf. tohara,
ousness, trcmulousncss; (2) playfultahiri, and weuo.)
ness, petulance, fidgeting, mischievUtokezo, n. (tna-), (1) bringing ousness, c. g. of a child. (Cf. tikisa,
ont, displaying, utterance; (2) pro- tukutiza, -tukutu.)
minence, appearance. U. wa maneUtulivu, n. quietness, rest, peace110, coming out with words,
abrupt utterance, an aggressive fulness, gentleness, composed manner
or mind. (Cf. -tultvu, tua, and syn. ttpole,
speech. (Cf. toka, tokeza, tokeo.)
Utoko,
vagind).

n.

mucus

(Lat.

Utomvu, n. thick, viscid sap or

juice from a' plant. (Cf. uto, u
limbo.)

Utongo, n. {ma-), a discharge

from the eyes. (Cf. chottgo, matongo.)

Utongozi, n. (ma-), (1) vicious

propensity, lasciviousness, vicious
life;
( 2 ) seduction (of women).
(Cf. to- ttgoza, kitongo.)
Utoro, n. (1) running away, desertion, truancy; (2) condition
(life, occupation, profits) of a
runaway slave;
(3) robbery,
.brigandage.
(Cf. mtoro, toroka.)
Utosi, n. crown of the head.
Utoto, n. state (characteristics,
condition) of a child or
dependent,
childhood,
dependence. (See Mtoto.)
Utu,
n.
human
nature,
humanity, manhood, membership
in the human race. Utu time,
manhood,as contr. with utu uke,
womanhood. (Cf. intu, and dist.
uti, uto, ute, uta.)

Utukufu, n. exalted state or station,

majesty,
glory,
aggrandizement. (Cf. -tukufu,

uttyamafu, raha.)

Utumbafu, n. swelling, bulging,

rising up. (Cf. tumbaa, turnba, turn bo.)
Utumbo, n. contr. with tumbo

as meaning (i) gut, i.e. the

substance or material of the
intestine;
( 2 ) the gut proper, the
intestine, mat umbo
signifying the guts
generally, i.e. intestines
and contents of the
lower part of the body,
and /umbo, stomach,
&c.
(See
Tumbo,
Kitumbo, and prec.)

but uttingu is limited in Z. to the

special sense, pains of childbirth,
birth pangs, labour, delivery, i.e.
utungu wa kuzaa {wa uzazi).

Utunu, n. quality of being rare,

choice, valuable. (Cf. tunu, tunuka.)
.

TJtupa, n. the juice of a kind of

Utumbuizo, n. singing a Euphorbia, mtupa, used as a fishlullaby, soothing by singing, poison.
singing a refrain in a dance. (Cf.
Utupu,
n.
(1)
bareness,
tumbuika, tu- mbuizo.)
emptiness,
simplicity,
being
purity.
Utume, n. being employed unmixed,
(sent, used), and Utumi, Utumo,
employing (sending, using),
both meaning employment, use,
service, errand, wages for
service. (Cf. tuma, titme, mttime,
andfollg. For final -e of utume see
-e. Dist. uchumi.)
Utumishi, n. (tumishi, and ma-),
and Utumizi, like utume, i. e.
being used, or using, act of
service, use, employment, work
(duties, pay, &c.) of a servant. E.
g. katika maiu- mishiyangu, in my
service. Kitu cha utumizi, a handy
article, an implement, utensil,
tool. Maiumizi mengi, many uses,
much service. (Cf. tutume,
utumwa, mtumishi, &'c.)
Utumwa, n. state of being
used or employed,but esp. of
slavery, forced service, being
used as a tool or instrument
merely. Tia utumwani, enslave.
Too, utumxvani, emancipate. (Cf.
tuma, mtumwa, and prec., and
contr. uhuru, ungwana.')
Utunda, n. (tunda), a string of
beads, worn by women round
the loins, i.e. utunda wa ushanga.
(Cf. kondavi.)
Utungo, n. noun of action
from tunga (which see) in its
various meanings, like mtungo,
e. g. (1) composing, arranging,
literary composition (novel,
essay, &c.); (2) form, fashion,

UTI

Notcommon,becauseofthecommo
ner meaning (2) nakedness,
nudity,in a vulgar sense, and
(3) sexual organs. E. g.

wanawaume wanakwenda utupu,

hawavai nguo, the men go naked,
wearing no clothes. Utupu is used
(like uchungu) as an adj.

preserving its special meaning.

(See -tupu, and cf. the less vulgar
uchi.)

Uu>, this initial sound may

also be looked for under U and W.
Uuaji,
n.
murderousness,
savagery,
blood-shedding,
massacre. (Cf. ua, v., and -uaji.)
*Uudi, n. and Udi (which see).
(Ar.)
Uuguzi, n. (ma-), nursing,
medical attention, care of the sick.
(Cf. ugua, mwuguzi, and syn. ulezi,
u- ganga.)

Uvimbe, n. (1) being swollen,

puffed
out,
distention,
protuberance,
projection,
inflation; (2) girth, circumference.
(Cf. vimba.)
Uvivu, n. idleness, slackness,
negligence, sloth, indolence. (Cf.
-vivu,. and syn. ulegevu, utepetevu,
uzembe.)

Uvuguvugu, n. lukewarmness,
tepidity, i.e. neither cold nor hot,
wala baridi wala hari. (Cf. -vuguvugu.)

Uvukizo, n. (ma-), producing or

causing smoke, burning of
aromatics,
fumigants,
&c. f
fumigation. Plur. of things thus
used. (Cf. vuka, vukisa, vukizo.)
Uvukuto, n. (1) exhalation
(produced by heat), vapour,
steam, smell of perspiration; (2)
working

415

UTUMBO

Uvuno, n. (w<z-), harvesting, reaping! gathering crops, getting profits.

crops, harvest, returns,
Uvulana, n. age, condition, Plur. tnavunc,
(Cf. vuna, mavuno, and
&c., of a young unmarried man, profits.
mavutte.)
youthfulness, bachelorhood. (Cf.
mvulana, and syn. ujana.)
Uvurungu, n. and Uvungu (which
Uvuli,
n.
(vuli),
shade, see).
shadiness, in general.
(See
Uvuaho, n. act (time, place, means,
Mvuli, and cf.
fare) of carrying across, a ferry.
Similarly uvusni. (Cf. vttka.)
kivuli, mwavuli.)
Uvumba, n. an odoriferous
gum, used for perfume and
incense. (Cf. udi, ubani, and
vukizo.)
bellows. (Cf. vukuta, tttvukuio, mini
he!)

TJvtunbi, n. dust, dust as a substance, a grain of dust, dust

collectively (cf. vumbt), dustiness.
Tifua u., stir up dust; also piga u.,
make a dnst. (Cf. vumbt, a mass of
dust, and uchanga, mchanga, also
tifutifu.)
Uvumi, n. (rna-), (i) any low
indistinct
sound,
such
as
rumbling, roaring, humming,
buzzing, murmuring; (2) common
talk, rumour, report, gossip, fame.
(Cf. vuma, mvutno.)
Uvumilivu, n. endurance, perseverance, patience, fortitude.
(Cf. vumilia, and syn. stahimili,
sabttri.)

Uvundo, n. and Uvundu, a bad

smell, stink, stench. (Cf. harufu,
vumba, and contr. manukato, nuka.)
Uvungu, n. and Uvurungu,
hollowness. Jiwe la uvurungu, a
hollow stone. (Cf. mvungu.)
Uvunjifu, n. destructiveness,
vandalism,
destruction,
devastation, broken condition,
wreck. (Cf. vunja, -vtinjifu, and
syn. uharabu, upotevu.)
Uvunjo, n. a breaking, &c. Sec
Vunja, Mvunjo.

UTI

415

UTUMBO

Uwakili,
n.
condition (Cf. mawele.)
(employment, methods, salary,
Uwelo. Sec Uele.
&c.) of an agent or representative
(wakilt), stewardship. (Ar. Cf.
Uwezo, n. and sometimes Uweza,
wahili.) .
Uwezi, (1) being able,and so (2)
strength, might, power, capacity,
Uwali, n. office (dignity, authority, ability, faculty. (Cf. wesa,
duties, salary, &c.) of a governor, and syn. ttguvu, enzi, mamlaka, arnri,
governorship. (Ar. Cf. wait, liwali.) ahili.)
Uwambo, n. (i) act (manner,
operations, &c.) of stretching Uwili, n. being twofold, duality,
over, &c. (See Wamba.) (2) the dualism, doublcness. (Cf. pili, -wili.
laced cords of a native bedstead. For articles of double tcxture
(Cf. kitatida, ktwambo.)
Uwanda, n. (wanda) and
Uwanja, an open space, i. e. (1) in
towns, and so usually in Z.
public square, space before
houses, or (in houses) courtyard,
yard, plot, of enclosed ground
attached to a house; (2) in the
country,open ground, plain,
wilderness. (Cf. uwanja, kiwanja,
and syn. tigo, ua, and dist. wangwa,
uwanga.)

Uwanga,n. and Wanga (Uanga)

(which see).
Uwanja, n. court, enclosure,
open space in front of a house or
among houses. (Cf. kiwanja, and
uwanda, which is the same word.)
Uwati, n. (mbati), (1) wallplate. Sec Mbati. (2) an eruption
on the skin.
Uwatu, n. the herb fenugreek.
*Uwasi,
n.
openness,
plainness, clearness, distinctness,
intelligibility. (Ar. Cf. wazi, and
syn. uthahiri, ubaitti.)
*Uwaziri, n. office (dignity,
duties, pay) of a minister or chief
secretary of a monarch. (Ar. Cf.
waziri.)

Uwrele,

n.

produced by the plant

(ma-),
mxvcle,

the edible gTain

a kind of millet.

|or folded in two, extra thick, drying up, hardness, stiffness; (2)
cf. maradufu.)
disobliging
conduct,
rudeness,
reserve. E.g. u. wa maungo, of
Uwima, n. See Uima.
rheumatism, and u. wa lumbo,
costiveness. (Ar. Cf. yabisi, and
. Uwinda, n. (mbinda) and Uwinja ubaridi.)
(mbinja), also Uinda, Uinja, (i)
hunting; (2) a way of wearing the
Uyoga, n. (nyoga), an edible
loin-cloth, when engaged in fungus, mushroom.
hunting or hard work, viz. tucking
it tightly between the legs and
round the loins, and as the
Banyan fashion is in Z. E. g.

ukimjenda Banyani, umpende na

uinda wake, if you love a Banyan,

love his ways too; (3) a hunters

whistle or call. E.g. pigauwinja, (1)
adjust the loin-cloth (as above),
gird up the loins; (2) give a
whistle. Endeleza mbinja, give a
prolonged whistle or call. (Cf.
winda, linda, and for whistling
msonyo.)

Uwindaji, Uwindi, Uwindo, n.

(ma-) and Windo, art (profession,

method,

&c.)

of

hunting.

Mawindo, what is got by hunting,

booty, prey. (Cf. winda, and prec.)

Uwingu, n. (mbingii), (1) the

sky, cloud region, upper air,
heaven; (2) cloudiness, darkness,
gloom. Plur. mbingu, the skies,
heaven,used sometimes as sing.
Mbingu ikanena kwamba mirni bora ,
Heaven said, I am best. Mbingu
sabaa,
the
seven heavens.
Kumefanya uwingu mku- bwa, there
came on a deep gloom. (Cf. wingu,
a cloud, and hewa, anga.)
*Uwitha, n. (mauwitha) and
Watha, Witha, sermon, solemn
exhortation. (Ar. Cf. hotuba,
hutubu.)

Uwivu, n. and Uivu. (which

see).
Uwongo, n. and Uongo (which
see).
*Uyabisi,

n.

(1)

dryness,

UWIMA

418

Uyuzi,
n.
for
common
ujuzi,ingenuity,
cleverness,
knowingness, intelligence. (Cf.
jua, ujuzi, ujuvi.)

UZEE

( 4 ) produce,
this is

offspring,but
usually mazao.
Chango la uzazi, umbilical
cord. (Cf. zaa, kizazi, mzazi,
zao.)

Uza, v. (1) sell,the only

common word. The Infin. form
Uz9e, n. being old, old age. (Cf.
kuza is often used, making it more mzee, kizee, and perh. zaa.)
distinguishable from uza, for uliza,
i. e. ask. Uza appears to be a Cs.
form of a verb ua, buy, not used in
Swahili, in which the u sound is
light and faint, and to mean,
cause (invite, permit) to buy,
effect a sale. Hence uza is used
both (1) of persons, sell, and (2)
of things, be for sale. E. g. a man
may reply to, Uza. i. e. name a
price, Haiuzi, it is not for sale.
Hence also the peculiar form
uliza, or liza, sell, i. e. another Cs.
form of ua, from an Ap. ulia, e. g.
utuulize. Siuzi, please let us buy. I
do not sell. Amemliza ng'ombe, he
has sold him a cow. Nimemwuliza
shamba, I have sold him an estate.
Ps.. uzwa. Nt. uzika, e. g. be for
sale. Ap. uzia, uziwa, and uz-ilia,
-iliwa, sell to (for, in, at, with, by,
&c.). No Cs. Rp. uzana. (Cf. uza
nya, and nadi, zabuni, nunua.) (2)
ask,for uliza (which see).
Uzani, n. weighing, weight
(by measure). (Ar. Cf. mizani, and
syn. uzito. For measures of weight
cf. wakia, ratli, pishi,frasilal)
Uzanya, v. be for sale, be sold.
(Cf. uza.)
TJzao, n. (ma-), product, production, offspring. (Cf. follg., and
tnzao, zao, kizao, zaa.)
Uzazi, n. (1) reproduction at
any stage, production of fruit, or
offspring; (2) parentage (of man
or animal, male or female),
begetting, procreation, childbirth,
delivery,
confinement;
(3)
reproductive power, fruitfulness,
fertility, fruit-bearing;

zuia, zuio.)

Uzembe, n. slackness, idleness,

Uzuka, n. condition of a kisuka (see
indifference, negligence. (Cf. -u- Kizuka (3)', i. c. state of mourning
mbe, and syn. uivu, ulcgevu.)
and seclusion. Ondoa ., bring
mourning to an end (Kr.).
Uzi, n. (nyuzi), thread, cotton,
string, fibre,and similar objects,
Uzulu, v. remove from office,
e. g. small sinew, ligature, a thin dismiss, cause to abdicate, dethrone,
stripe, a fine beading.
depose, degrade. U. kasini or ka- tika
kazi, discharge from work.
Uzima, n. (i) life, vitality,
health, vigour, soundness; (2)
being full- grown, adult age, full
development; (3) completeness,
wholeness,
totality,
full
dimensions, freedom from injury,
(defect, harm). Uzima can also be
used of life, lifetime, but this is
commonly maisha. ( Time of life,
age is umri.) Utu uzima, full age,
manhood, years of discretion. (Cf.
-zima, a., and see Maisha.)

Uzingizi, n. See Usingizi.

Uzingo,n. See Uzungo.
*Uzini, 11. irregular sexual
intercourse, adultery, fornication,
immoral living. (Ar. Cf. zinit zani,
and syn. ufisadi, ufasiki.)
Uzinifu, n. viciousness (of
temperament or life), wantonness,
lasciviousness, sexnal immorality.
(Ar. Cf. prec.)
Uzio, n. (ttyuzio), a fish-trap
consisting of a fence of upright
sticks fastened together, and used
for enclosing an area, sometimes
very large, on a sloping tidal
shore, and preventing the escape
of fish as the tide. falls. (Cf.
kichaga, ufa/a, and dema, also sio.)
Uziwa, n. high sea, open
unbroken expanse of water, sea as
seen from the shore. (Cf. ziwa.)
Uzuio, n. (ma-), hindering, preventing, stoppage, obstructing,
obstacle, hindrance, check. (Cf.

UWIMA

418

UZEE

Jiuzulu, resign an office, abdicate, reform. K. g. uzushi wa lulu, of a

retire. Ps. uzuliwa. Ap. uzul-ia, -iwa. divers work, bringing up pearls to
Cs. uzul-isha, -ishwa, intens. n. the surface. Uzushi mwingi, a complete
(wa-),
abdication, dismissal, revolution. (Cf. sua, zuka, mzushi,
discharge. (Ar. Cf. ondoa, ottdo- uzuka.)
sha, toa, shusha, tics ha.)

Uzungo, n. and Uzingo, that

which surrounds, goes round, is
round, e. g. uzungo wa mwezi, a
halo round the moon. (Cf. zinga,
mzittgo, zunguka, uzutigu, &c.)
Uzungu, n. (1) Europe, the
country of the foreigners, i. e. the
whites (IVazungu); (3) strangeness,
wondrousness,
novelty;
(3)
giddiness. (Cf. -zungu, mzungu,
kizunguzungu, zunguka.)
Uzuri, n. beauty,mainly
external, and appealing to the
senses, and so often of things
concrete, an ornament, decorative
work, a work of art, a perfume, a
cosmetic, &c. But also of
excellence, and even * moral
goodness, considered rather as
good taste than good principle
(wema). Fanya ., make a display,
adorn oneself. Tia u., give a finish
to. A native list of points of
personal beauty gives uso mdawari,
a round face; shingo la mwanzi, a
smooth neck ; macho ya kikombey
large well- opened eyes; pua ya
upanga, a thin nose (not short and
broad); mikonoya binu, graceful,
well-shaped
arms;
mwili
umeviringana, a plump, wellrounded figure; mcno za pembe,
teeth like ivory. For personal
ornaments sec urembo, and cf.
pambo. (See zuri.)
Uzuahi, n. and Uzuzi, (1)
sudden ap|>carancc or bringing to
light, as out of a hole,outburst,
emergence, coming in sight,
bobbing up from water, &c. (2)
invention, discovery,
novelty, fiction, false accusation,
gossip,
innovation,
heresy,

additions to usual dress. (Cf. follg.)

Uzuzu, n. condition of a newVao, n.
style (place, act) of
comer, rawness, inexperience,
strangeness
^to
country, dressing, mode of wearing, something
companions, surroundings, &c.). worn, dress, &c. (Cf. follg.)
' (Cf. vizuzu,
ziaua, and syn, ujinga, ugeni ,upya.)

V.
V represents the same sound as
in English. But it is not clearly
distinguishable from f in some
Swahili words, partly no doubt
under the influence of Arabic,
which has only the f sound. Hence
words not found under V may be
looked for under F. (See F.)
Vaa, v. put on as clothes, dress
in, wear, clothe oneself, dress.
Avievaa nguo nzuri, he is wearing a
fine dress. Hajavaa, he is still
dressing. Ps. valiwa, (i) of things,
be worn ; (2) of persons, be
dressed. Nt. vika is used as act.,
clothe (with), cause to wear, dress
(in), with pass, vikwa, be clothed
(with). Ap. valia, valiwa, valika, e.
g. (1) put on with (for, in, Sec.),
but e6p. (2) put on something by
way of addition to ordinary
clothes,and so, dress oneself
up, wear fine clothes, be a dandy,
and of a soldier, put on
accoutrements. E. g. mshipi wa
kuvalia nguo, a belt to secure ones
clothes with. Amevalia leo, he has
got his best things on to-day. Also
in a fig. sense, neno hili lajivalia,
this matter stands on its merits.
Hence valiana, e. g. collectively of
many persons together. Cs. valisha, -shwa, but usually vika, as
above, and also visha, vishwa,
cause to wear, give clothes to, &c.
Rp. vishana. (Cf. vao, valio, vazi,
vika, vua.)

Valio, n. (ma-)f extra apparel,

accoutrements,
ornaments,

UWIMA

418

UZEE

Vazi, n. {via-), article of (which see). (Perh. cf. vilia, vizia, and
dress,wearing apparel, dress,
robes, garments, clothes. (Cf. viza, a., and syn. vunja, haribu, zuia,
vaa.)

Verna, a. and adv. for vyema,

from -ema, good, i. e. rightly, well,
nicely, properly, &c. Esp. as a
common rejoinder of assent or approval, Certainly! Good! Very
well! like njevia, ngema,
inshallah, ee- wallah. (Cf. -ema, and
vi-.)

Vi, verb-form, they are,

agreeing with D 3 (P), e. g.
vyakula hivi vi ghali, this food is
dear,taking the place of ni, or
Pres. Tense Indie, of wa, be.
Vi- (Vy-), as a pfx., (i)in nouns,
is the Plur. pfx. of D 3 (P), and of
adjs. agreeing with it; and (2) in
verbs, is the pfx., subjective and
objective, agreeing with the above
nouns. Obs. also (3) vivi hivi, these
very things, in this very way, just
so. Vi- {vy-), as a pfx. of adjs., is
also the commonest way of giving
them an adverbial meaning. E. g.
vikubwa, on a large scale;
vizuri,nicely; vibaya, badly, and
obs. vivyo, hivi, vile, ndivyo, and
other adverbial forms. Cf. use of
hi, e. g. kidego, kizuvgu, &c. See
Ki-. Obs. words beginning with
vi- {vy-) may, as a rule, be looked
for under ki- {ch-), or under the
letter following vi-.
Via, v. fail of full development
(completion, perfection), and so
(1) be stunted, cut short, half
done,
unfinished,
blighted,
underdone, spoilt; and (2) fig. be
a failure, lack life, be of a low
type, be backward, stagnate. Cs.
viza, vizwa, e. g. cut short, interrupt, break off, keep back (work,
progress, growth, &c.), e. g.
ameni- viza kazi, he prevented me
doing
my
work
properly.
Hence vizia

kaliza.)

Vifaa, n. plur. (sing, kifaa not in

use), things useful, requisites,
appliances, necessaries, accessories.
(Cf. faa, ma/aa.)
Vika, Vikwa, Visha, v. See Vaa

.Vile, a. demonstr. from -le, (i)

Visha, v. give clothes to, dress.
agreeing with D 3 (P); (2) adv. (See Vika, Vaa.'
thus, in that way, so. Vilcvilc, just
the same, just so, as before,
equally. (Cf. vi-, znvi hivi, vivyo,
&c.)
Vilia, v. stop running, stagnate,
e. g. of flowing blood, form clots,
coagulate. Cs. vili-za, -zwa, and
viza, vizwa, make stop, staunch, cut
off the flow;(from). (Cf.
follg.
and
via.)

Vilio, n.
short,

stopping

stagnation,but esp. of blood,

coagulation, clotting, clot. (Cf.
prec. Dist. vilio, plur. of kiliot and
verb- form, * those which are, for
vilivyo.)

Vimba, v. swell, expand, be

distended (puffed out, swelled,
bloated, stuffed). Ap. vimb-ia, -iwa.
Cs. vimb-isha, -ishwa, c. g.
jivimbishat gorge oneself with food,
eat gluttonously. (Cf. tivimbe,
and wimbi,
prob. of same root, and syn. umka,
Jura.)

Vinjari, v. cruise about, be on

the watch, search about,but esp.
of ships or boats. So merikebu ya
vinjari, a cruiser, a ship on patrol.
(? Kx. finshari, and cf. sanjari.)
Vinya, n. dandle in the arms, i.
e. vinya (or, vinya-vinya) mtoto. (Cf.
pembcza, bcmbeza, and dist.finyai)
Viringa, v. become round,
form a curve or bend, be rounded
(spherical). Cs. viring-isha, -ishwa,
make round (curved, bcnt\ Kp.
viritigana, be round,like viringa,
and hence viringanisha, for
viringisha. (Cf. mviringo, and ?
Jutgirisha.)

VILE

Vita, n. (, but vita is itself

often treated as D 3 (P))f (1) war,
battle, fighting; (2) contest,
struggle, wrangle, dispute. Party a
(piga) vita, make war, fight. Leta v.,
raid, invade. Alika v., issue a
summons to soldiers, call to arms,
muster an army,so kusanya v.
Fungav., engage in war, commence
operations, Vita viknbwa, a great
battle. (Cf. pigano, jeshi, asikari,
and perh. cf. ita, call.)

421

VUA

stripped. Nt. vuka, e. g. nguo yote

imtmvuka, all his clothes have come
off him,but dist. vuka, cross over.
Ap. vulia, vuliwa, vulika, e. g. take off
for (from, in, with, &c.). Cs. vuliza,
vnlirtva, c. g. make take ofT clothes,
force (induce, allow) to undress. Rp.
vi tana.
(Cf. vulio.) 13. fisn,

catch fish, try to catch fish,with or

without sarnaki. E. g. vua baha* rini,
engage in sea-fishing. Vua samaki,
*catch fish. Also vua mshipi, fish with
Vivi, a. only in phrase vivi hivi, a line. Dcriv. stems os above, c. g.
i. e. agreeing with D 3 (P), these ndoana ya kuvery, just these,and as adv. just
so, in this very way. (Cf. vi-, and
vivyo hivyo.)

-vivu, a. (vivu with D 4 (P), D 5

(S), D 6), idle, slack, remiss,
indolent, slow. (Cf. uvivtiy and
-legtfu, -zembe.)

Viza, v. (1) Cs. of via; (2) for

viliza, Cs. of vilia. n. a spoilt
thing, e. g. an addled egg, viza la
yai, or yai viza. (See Via.)
Vizia, v. Ap. from via, i. e.
spoil work for, frustrate, balk, try
to prevent success or completion
of (see Via), liut vizia is
commonly used in a more limited
sense, waylay, be on the watch for
(in a hostile sense), beleaguer,
beset, keep an unfriendly eye on,
molest, harass. No dcriv. stems
usual except Ps. viziwa, &nd Rp.
viziana.

Vua, v. (to be distinguished

from another common verb Jua),
A. take off clothes, undress,
unclothe oneself, strip, both act.
and neut.with or without nguo.
Used of any article of dress, e. g:
vua kojia, take off a cap. Rarely of
anything else, e. g. vua macho,
utazame, open your eyes and look.
Contr. vaa, put on clothes, dress.
Ps. vuliwa, (1) of clothes, be taken
off; (2) of persons, be undressed,

vitani wakavuka, those who stood firm

in the fight escaped alive. Ap. vuk-ia,
vulia, a fish-hook. (Cf. mvuvi, -iwa, e.g. cross by (in, with, at, &c.),
uvitvi, mvuo.)
C.
save, e. g. tulivukia chini, we crossed on our
preserve,
feet, by wading. Chombo cha kuvukia, a
ferry-boat. Cs. vuk-isha, -ishwa, vusha,
get out of a difficulty,perh. vuskwa,

from the idea of getting across a

river (see Vuka). Aviiaye ni karibu,
a preserver is at hand. Muungu
ataku- vua, inshallah .utavuka, God
will save you. All well, you will
be safe. (Cf. vuka, mvuko, kivuko.)
Vuata, v. put in the mouth, hold
between the teeth, e. g. a bone,
tobacco, sugar, &c.
Vuaza, v. (i) make a cut in, cut,
pierce; (2) fig. hurt, give pain (to).
E. g. v. vinazi, cut the flower-stem
of a cocoanut tree,to get the sap
(tembo). Kisu kitnenivuaza, the knife
has cut me. Neno hililavuaza, this
matter is painful. Ps. vua- zwa. (Cf.
syn. kata, choma,
chanja, ioja.)

-vuguvugu, a. tepid, lukewarm,

neither cold nor hot. (Cf. uvuguvugu.)

Vuja, v. (1) allow liquid to pass

in or out, leak, let in, slet out; (2)
of a liquid, pass in, pass out, ooze
out, leak out (or, in). E. g. mashua
yavtija (yavuja maji), maji yavuja
mashuani, the boat leaks. Nyumba
yavuja, the house lets in the rain.
Ap. vtij-ia, -iwa, -ika, e. g. ntvua
imenivujia, the rain came in upon
me. Ukuta inavujika, the wall is
being spoilt by a leak,by water
getting in. (Cf. chuja, ckuza.)
Vuka, A. Nt. of vua, (1) most
commonly in the sense, get
across, cross over, be ferried over,
pass over, of crossing a river or
the sea in a canoe or ship; but also
(2) pass through (of a forest), get
to the other side (of a hill), &c.;
(3) be saved, escape, be
preserved, e. g. waliosi- mama

VILE

421

VUA

cause (allow, induce) to cross,

Vulio, n. {ma-), clothes laid aside or
convey across (through, past), not in use, cast-off (old, rotten)
ferry over. Rp. vukana.
(Cf. clothing, the cast skin or slough of
vua, C., mvuko,
snakes, &c. (Cf. vua, A., and
kivuko, mvushi, uvushi.)
B. Nt. contr. valio.)
of vua, of clothes, &c., be taken
Vuma, v. (1) usually of any low

off. (See Vua, A.) C. (in this sense

also fuka), give out smoke or
fumes, smoke, turn to smoke or
vapour, with or without rnoski,
evaporate, be vaporized. Nyumba
yao haivuki moski, no smoke rises
from their house. Ap.
vuk-ia,
-iwa. Cs.
vuk-isha, -ishwa, -iza, -izwa, cause to

give out smoke, turn to vapour,

make fumes with, smoke (i. e.
apply smoke to), fumigate, cense,
bum incense.
E. g. v. maiti
{nyumba),

fumigate a corpse (a house) with

incense. V. udi, bum aloe wood,
for fumigation. Also v. maiti kwa
uvumba. (Cf. vukizo, mvuke, vuke,
vukizo, vukuta, &c.,all of which
are also heard as fukizo, mfuke,
&c.)
Vuke, n. (mo-), vapour, steam, a
drop of condensed steam, sweat.
(Cf. prec.)
Vukizo, n. ()na-), (1) vapour,
fumes, steam, smoke; (2)
anything burnt or used for
fumigation, incense, &c. (Cf.
prec., and kivukizo.)
Vukuta,
v.
blow
with
bellows,work bellows,with or
without niifua, bellows. (See
Mfua, Mvukuto.)
Vukuto, n. {ma-), sweat, a drop
of sweat, condensed vapour. Also
vukuto la jasho. (Cf. prec., and
mvukuto, uvukuto, also vuka, and
follg.)
Vule, n. and Vuli, the season of
the lesser rains in Z. (See Mvule.)

indistinct sound, i. e. roar, growl,

rumble, hum, buzz, rustle, e.g. of
wind, thunder, wild beasts, insects,
drum. Baridi inavuma leo, it is blowing
hard to-day. (2) fig. rumour,

talk about, spread news (of),

and also, be rumoured, be in the
air, be a subject of common talk,
but thus usu. in Nt. form. Ps.
vumwa. Nt. vumika, e.g. be
rumoured, be talked about,
become famous or notorious.
Kuvumikakwa uga/tga, to be famed
for medical skill. Ap. vum-ia, -iwa,
and perh. vumilia (which see). Cs.
vum-isha, -ishwa, e. g. (i) cause to
make a noise, sound ; (2) make
well-known, celebrate, advertise.
Also intens. simba akavum- isha
kilio kikuu, the lion uttered a
furious roar. Rp. vumatia. (Cf.

Vumbua, v. or perh. Fumbuka

(which sec), discover, explore, open
up, hunt out, invent, find out, come
upon, bring to light, disclose. E.g.
vumbua inehi, explore a country. V. njia,
find a road. Ps. vumbu- liwa. Nt
.vttmbuka. A p. vumbu- lia, -liwa, -iika, e.
g. vumbuiika, be disclosed, burst out
suddenly or violently, be come upon
unexpectedly. Cs. vumbusha, c. g.
intens. come onsuddenly, wake up
with a start. (May be compared with
fumba, and its derivatives, or perh.
vumbi, vumbika , and syn. fumbua,
funua.)

Vumi, n. (ma-), a loud rumble,

roar, hum, roll of a drum, &c. Also
name of a kind of drum. (Cf. vuma,
uvumi.)

Vumilia, v. bear, endure, persevere

uvumi, mvunto, vurno.)

in, suffer, tolerate. Ps. vumilia. Nt.
Vumba. n. (ma-), something vumi lika. Cs. vumil- isha, -ishwa. Ap.
with a bad smell, dried fish, vumiliana. (Perh. an Ap. from vuma, i.

foreshore, &c. Also the name of a e. of a man groaning under a burden,

famous old coast town a little doing hard work, &c. Cf. syn.
north of Z. now in ruins. (Cf stahimili, chukua.)
vtinda, uvundo.)
Vuna, v. (1) gather a crop, reap,
Vumbi, n. (ma-), dust, a mass get in harvest of any kind; (2) fig.
(collection, cloud) of dust, fine reap profit, get an advantage, profit.
powder, sediment. (Cf. uvumbi, Hence the expression jivuma, boast
and follg.)
oneself, brag, swagger, show off, give
oneself airs, be conceited (cf. jiotta,
Vumbika, v. or perh. Fumbika jigamba.)
Ps. vunwa. Nt.
(see below),used in a limited
sense, put (cover up) in dust, vunika. Ap. vun-ia, -iwa, e.g. reap for
ashes, leaves, embers, soil, &c., (with, at, &c.). Nimemvu- nia shamba
e.g. put fruit underground to ripen lake, I have got in his crop for him.
it, store cocoanuts for seed, put in Cs.vun-isha,-ishwa, e. g. employ in
the ground, plant a seed or reaping, contract for harvesting. (Cf.
seedling. Ps. vumbi kwa. Ap, mvttni, mavuno, maiivutio, uvuno, and
vumbik-ia, -iwa. Cs. vumbik- isha, syn. chuma, faidi.)
-ishwa.
(Cf. vumbi, but
Vunda, v. rot, putrefy. Nyama
rather perh. fumba, and so vu- mbichi aoya kuvunda, fresh or putrid
mbt/a.)
meat. (Cf. uvundo, and perh. vumba,
and commoner syn. oza. Also
Vumbilia, v. stir up, excite, get dist./undo, v.)
mixed up in, e. g. in a quarrel,
brawl, war. Ps. vumbiliwa. Nt. vuVunde, n. (ma-). See M&vunde.
mbi lika.
(Cf. prcc., and vumbi.)
-vungu, a. (same with D 4 (P), D 5

VILE

(S), D 6), hollow, having a cavity.

(Cf. mvungu, uvttngu, and syn.
-tuf>u.)

Vunja, v. (1) break, break down

(up, in pieces, into, through, out
of, off, away), and so (2) spoil,
damage, destroy; (3) put a stop to,
balk, frustrate. K g. v. chuttgu,
break a cooking pot (used of the
final feast or carnival before the
Ramathan fast begins). V. thamani,
destroy the value, depreciate,
disparage. V. uso, put to shame,
bring dishonour on

421

VUA

insult openly. V. mwetido, be a

drag, spoil a days march, make
delay. V. rupia, change a rupee,
into small coin. V. ungo, deflower,
ravish. V. baraza, dismiss a
meeting. V. mcrikcbu,wreck a
vessel. V. nyumba, pull down a
house. V. moyo, discourage,
dishearten. V. adui, defeat an
enemy. V. rnwitu, break through a
forest, force ones way. Occasionally Nt., e. g. watu wakavunja upesi,
the crowd soon broke, i. e. gave
way. Ps. vunjwa. Nt. vitnjika, e.g.

,tempt, allure, lead astray. Also

with various special applications,
e.g. v. makasia, use an oar, row, and
v. mashua, row a boat. V. upanga,
draw a sword (cf. chomoa). V. manetio, put a strain on words, i. e.
strain their meaning. V. tumbako,
smoke a pipe. V. maji, bale out
water. Ps. vntwa.
Nt. vntika,

e.g. be pulled, be capable of being

stretched or altered. So also
vutikana. Ap. vitt-ia, -iwa, and vutilia, -iliwa, -ilika, of particular
operations, e. g. in plaiting. Cs. vutiska, -ishwa. Rp. vutana, e.g. all pull
together. (Cf. mvuto, and syn.
kokota, move by pulling, drag
njifu, nvunjo, and syn. ponda, piga, along, and dist.futa.)
haribu, komesha.)
Vuruga, v. also Vuruja, and
Vuvumka, v. grow up fast, deVuruka, (i) stir, stir up, stir velop quickly, shoot up,of vegeround (about), mix by stirring, tation and also animal life. E. g. of
esp. in cookery, or compounding mangoes, children. (Cf. syn. chimedicines,
&c.,
mixing
ingredients for mortar, for pua, kua.)
embalming, &c. Also (2) stir the
Vy-, for vi- before a vowel, e.g.
feelings of, excite, exasperate. Ps. vyangu,vyako, &c., and vyote,vyeusi.
vurugwa. Nt. vurujika (but dist.
follg.). Ap. vuruj-ia, -iwa. Cs. vurujVya, prep.,of,form agreeing
isha, -ishwa.
(Cf. boruga, with D 3 (P). (See Vi, -a.)
and syn. c/ianganya.)
Vyo, -vyo, (1) pron. relat. which,
Vurujika, v. and Purijika, be agreeing with D 3 (P),only used
in a mouldering (decaying, separately in vyo vyote, whatever,
crumbling)
condition,
be and a few other phrases. (2) conj.
completely
decomposed
or
usually following ginsi, kama,
putrefied. E. g. kitu hiki kinaoza, as,
and other words introducing
hatta kinafurujika, this thing is de- kadiri,
adverbial
clause,
caying, and even becoming an
corresponding to the use of vi to
wholly decomposed.
form adverbs from adjectives, e. g.
Vurumi8ha, v. and Purumiza, ginsi alivyokuwa, as he was ; kama
Vuvumisha. V.jiwe, throw a stone. alivyosema, according to what he
Jivurumisha,
cast
oneself said ; kadiri niwezavyo, as far as I
headlong. (Perh.an emphatic can. Mimi hapa nilivyo, ni mzitna, I,
form of vutnisha, i. e. cause to as I am at present, am quite well.
hum. Cf. vuma, and syn. rttsha
from ruka.)
W.
Vusha, v. Cs. of Vuka (which
W represents the same sound as
see), cross over.
in English; (1) sometimes as a distinct consonant; (2) sometimes as a
Vuta, v. (1) draw, pull, drag, semi-vowel,
not
clearly
strain, stretch, attract, have an distinguishable from u, or uw.
effect upon; (2) change, pervert,
give a new direction (meaning,
jahazi imevunjika, the vessel is
wrecked. Hence vunjikana, be
breakable, be fragile. Ap. vunj-ia,
-iwa. Cs. vtmj-isha, -ishwa (rarely
heard). Rp. vunjana.
(Cf.
mvunjo, -vu-

VILE

Hence words not found under W

may be looked for under U, or
Uw, and some words are given
under both.

421

VUA

-wa, v. be, become, take place,

exist, occur, happen. (Kuwa is used in
W-, before a vowel, often certain tenses. Sec under Ku, 1 ( d ) ,
represents the pfx. u (for which rules for monosyllabic verb- roots.)
see XT).
(1) The common use of the simple
verb -wa, in all tenses and moods, is to
Wa, (i) prep, of,form connect Subject and Predicate in a
agreeing with D i (S, P), D 2 (S), sentence, and to supply an auxiliary
D 4 (S.). (See -a, prep.) (2) verb- in forming compound tenses,like
form, they are, agreeing with D 1 the verb To be in English. (2) The
(P), e.g. wa- tumwa wa rahisi, slaves meaning become* is only clear in
are cheap. (3) conj. Arab, and connexion with the sign of the Pres.
occurs sometimes, esp. in written Tense Definite, -wa-, e. g. jua
Swahili, letters, documents, &c., linakuwa kali, the sun is becoming
and
in
combination,
e.g. scorching, and the Perf. Tense me-,
wabadahu, wassalaam, wakata- bahu. e.g. amekuwa mgonjwa, he has become
sick, he is ill. (3) Concrete existence,
Wa-, as a pfx., is used :
i.e. being as fact, actual being or
place, is expressedby -wa, e.g.
A. in nouns, to form plur. of D taking
hay ayamekuwa, these things
r. It becomes w before vowels, tnambo
have
actually
taken place, are facts;
except *, with which it coalesces and also absolute
existence, so far as
to form e, e. g. mwivi, wevi, for a Swahili conceives
it, e. g. mwenyi
waivi.
kuwa, as a title of God, the SelfB . in adjectives, to mark existent, He who is. Ndiye awaye, it is
agreement with plur. of D 1. It he who is (exists). Obs. however, that
becomes w before vowels, except -wa is rarely used at all in any sense in
*, e. g. watu wako wabaya, your the Pres. Positive, and not often in the
Pres. Negative, e. g. yuwa, he is; siwi, I
people are bad.
am not; harnwi, yon (plur.) are not. As
C. in verbs, the subjective and a copula, it is (1) either simply
objective pfx. of the 3 Pers. 'Plur. omitted,or its place is taken by (2)
agreeing with D 1 (P). Obs. (1) ni for all persons and numbers, or by
wa- is also one of the objective the personal pfxs. (ni, u, tu, wa, &c.)
pfxs. used in agreement with used as independent forms, or (3) li,
ninyi, i.c. the pron. of the 2 Pers. but only in combination with a
Plur., e. g. natvapa means I give relative pfx. (-0, -lo, -vyo, &c.) Simple
them, or * I give you (plur.). existence is also expressed by tut in
Hence a form like wawapettda may certain combinations. (See Na (3) for
mean (1) they love them ; (2) they this, and also for -wa na, as
love yon (plur.); (3) you (wa for tt- corresponding to the English verb
have.) Ap. wia, wiwa, and wea (Iwewa),
a, sing.) love them.
(1) with the usual prepositional
relations, be to (for, with, in, &c.), e.
g. uniwie rathi, be kind to me, favour
me, pardon me; (2) with a special and
definite sense, viz. be a creditor of,
have a claim on, have in ones debt,
both in Act. and Pass. Thus attaniwia
commonly means, I owe him money;
narnwia, he owes me money. So in the
Pass, form nawiwa ttaye, I am his
debtor; and arviwa ttami, lie is my
debtor; e.g. wo/e wetiyi kuntwia

VILE

waku/ane, let all his creditors hold

a meeting; nawiwa uzima wangu
kxua ftfuungu, 1 owe my life to
God. The form wea (if not a

different verb) is sometimes used

alone for be good for, turn out
well to, be the property of.* No
Cs. in use. Kp. wiana, e. g. be to
each other, have relations with
each other, be mutually indebted
or under obligations.
Was, v. shine brightly, blaze,
e. g. of the sun or moon, but not
often heard in Z. (Cf. waka. washa,
rnawao, and the common ng'aa.')

421

VUA

* Wajihi, v. appear, present

oneself, and with kwa,visit,
meet face to face, interview,
salute. Wakawajihi kwa Seyidi, they
appeared before the Sultan. Rp.
wajihiana, meet face to face. (Ar.
Was, n. (), spot, patch of Cf. common onana, onekana,
colour (light or dark), mark, stain, kutana.)
speck, blot, e.g. kuku tnwenyi
mawaa, a speckled fowl. (Perh. cf.
Waka, v. (1) blaze, bum
waa, v. of a spot which catches the brightly, be lighted, show a flame
eye, and syn. doa, kipaku.)
; (2) smart, bum, hurt (as by
burning), be inflamed.
Ap.
Wabadahu, Ar. for wa baadaya wak-ia, -iwa. Cs.
hay a, in letters, and after this,
and next.' (Cf. wa, conj.)
washa, e. g. cause to burn, set fire
to, light (a fire or lamp). Nt.
Wabba, n. cholera. (Ar.)
washika, be lighted, bum. Hence
wash-ia, -iwa, e.g. uniwashie taa,
Wadi, Ar. (i) son of, like bin, light the lamp for me,and
and B. wa for mwanawa; (2)rarely, washikana, be inflammable, be
watercourse, bed of a torrent, capable of being lighted. (Cf.
ravine, i. e. uwanja unaopita maji.
mwako, dist. aka, build.)
Wadi, v. keep to a time, comWakala,
n.
agency,
plete a time, be up to time. Also appointment,
commission. (Ar.
Ap. be fully time (for), be in good Cf. wakili. Dist. wakala from -la,
time (for). (Ar. ? wa'ad promise, and they ate.)
and cf. wahadi.)
Wakati, n. (nyakati), time (in
Wadui, n. also TJadui, general),
season, period of time,
enmity, hostility. (Ar. Cf. adui, and point of time, sufficient time,
syn. ushindani, utesi.)
opportunity. (Ar. Cf. saa, viuda,
, ma- jira, zamani, and B.
Wafl, n. a stinging plant, a kind muhulla
pindi, kipindi, kitambo.)
of nettle.
Wake, a. (1) pron. a., his,
Wafiki, Wafikana,v. suit,
its, from -ake,agreeing
agree, same as aflki (which hers,
with D 1 (S, P), D 2 (S), D 4 (S) ;
see). (Ar.)
(2) from -ke, mke, females, wives.
Wahadi,
n.
promise. (See -ke.)
SeeAhadi. (Ar.)
Wakfu, n. SeeWakifu. (Ar.)
Wahedi, n. and a., one, the
n. an ounce (weight),
numeral,often used, as well as Wakia,
commonly reckoned in Z. as
B. rnosi, -moja. (Ar. Cf. (wah-j
the weight of an Austrian silver
dollar piece, i. e. ni uzitowa reale,
edashara, eleven.)
and as 16 to the pound weight
(Ar.
Wahi, v. and Wai, be in time, (ratli).
be prompt (ready, forward) to act.
Dist.
wakia,
Ap.
of
waka.)
E. g. hakuwahi kujika mjini, he had
not time to get to the town
Wakifu, v. cost, be priced at,
(when), i.e. before he got to the cause
expense. Ap. wakif-ia, -iwa,
town. Akawaki kumkaribisha, he e. g. cost
to (a person). a. also
was ready to welcome him. (Cf. Wakfu, and
Wakf, set apart for
wadi, v.)
religious purposes, consecrated,
devoted to a holy use,esp. of
land or other gifts assigned to a

VILE

Wainna,
conj.
if
not,
othenvise. (Arab, for common B.
kama sivyo.)

Wajibu, n. what is right, fitting,

proper, suitable; and so in moral
sense, duty, obligation, due
courtesy. Wajibu yako, what is
expected of you, worthy of you.
Mtoto wajibu heshima na wazee wake,

a child should be respectful to his

parents. Also sometimes as v., i.e.
be proper, be a duty, be an
obligation, with Ap. wajibia. ( Ar.
Cf. bidi, pasa, sunna, -etna.)

421

VUA

wakilisha, appoint as agent,

Wali, n. (ma-), governor, the
commission. (Ar. Cf. wakala, and Sultans representative in a town or
mjumbe, karani.)
district,in Z. usually liwali (wu-),
perh. because wali for rice is so
Wako, (i) a. form of -ako, your, common. (Ar. Cf. liwali, t a wala.)
agreeing with D i (S, P), Da (S),
D 4 (S) ; (2) verb-form, i. e. wa,
pfx. agreeing with D 1 (P), and
-ko (cf. hnko), they are (there).
(See -ako, Wa, -ko.)

Wala, conj. nor. Used (1) after

a
negative,
repeating
not
reversing it, and so often
translatable or; (2) itself
repeated,tt><z/a.. .wala, neither...
nor. (Ar. * and not, cf. ao, ama,
and follg.)
Walakini, conj. but, however,
nevertheless,
notwithstanding.
(Ar. Cf. wa, lakini.)
Walao, adv. even, at least,
anyhow, at any rate. E. g.
humwachii walao kitu kidogo, you do
not leave him even a little.
Uganga walao wa mvua, at least
rain-medicine. (Ar.)
Wale, (1) adj. pronom. those,
form of -It agreeing with D 1
(P) (see Yule);(2) subjunct. mood
of la, v. that they may eat, let
them eat. E. g. wait wa wali wait
wali, let those (people) of the
governor have a meal of rice.
Wali, n. (1) (nyali, seldom
used), cooked rice, i. e. rice so
cooked that each grain is whole
and separate, though soft and
thoroughly done. The staple dish
of Zanzibar. IVali ni Sultani ya
chakula, walawazwa katika kiti,
cooked rice is the king of foods, it
is placed on a royal throne, i. e.
on a raised stool serving as a
table. Rice cooked with too much
water is wali mchtptchtpt, or
majimaji. (Also cf. poroja la wali,
uji, ubabwa, matabwatalnva, mashtndta, and sec Mohele.)

WAKO

427

'Walii, n. (), a holy one, a

saint, an angel. E. g. paka
akajifanya walii sana, a cat set up as
a great saint. Muungu akamshttshia
walii, God sent down an angel to
him. (Ar. Cf. sufii, rntawa, and
malaika, angel.)

WANDA

1 (P) and tta (which see); (a) n. (for

waatta, plur. of mwana), children, or
(for nand), youthfulncss, childhood.
Wanadamu, n. (1) also (Jana damu,
human nature, humanity (cf.
mwanadamu, and utu, ubinaJatnu) ; (a)
plur. of mwanadamu, human beings.

Walio, n. (tiyalio), used of bits

Wanda, v. get fat, become stout.
of stick put crosswise at the
bottom of a cooking pot to but in Z. commonly ntnepa, nona. C.
prevent the contents from wand-isha, ishwa. n. (nya- nda), a
burning. Also of a kind of wattle fingci's breadth,about 1
fence for trapping fish. (Cf. uzio,
utata, and dist. walio as a verbform, they who are.)
Wallai, a common Swahili
oath, not considered profane by
Mahom- medans. (Ar. i. e. wa
allah hai, by the living God. Cf.
Allah,
tewallah,
inshallah,
bismillah.)

Wamba, v. spread (bind,

stretch, fix) over, overlay,
overspread, overcast. E.g. w.
kitanda kwa rnashu- patu, cover a
bedstead with cords interlaced. IV.
ngoma kwa ngozi, stretch a skin
tightly on a drum. Ukungti
unawamba ulimwtngu, a mist
overspreads the earth. Also
untnvamba mlango, you have
blocked the door,of one who
barred the way with arms and
legs.
(Cf.
want
bo,
and
kiwambo,kiwambaza,va\&
perh.
ambaa.

Wambiso, n. fastening together,

holding together, attachment,
clasping. (Cf. ambisha, ambaa.)
Wambo, n. for TJambo,
better Uwambo (which see).
Wamini,
Waminifu,
n.
faithfulness,
trustworthiness,
honesty, fidelity. (Ar. Cf. amitii,
imam, amatta, arnina, -aminifu.)

Wana, (1) verb-form, they

have, i.e. wa pfx. agreeing with I)

inch, used sometimes in

measuring (cf. chanda). Also pi. of
uwanda (which see).
Wanga, v. (i) count, reckon (cf.
kiwango),but in Z. hesabu is the
usual word; (2) cause pain, hurt.
Ps. wangwa, but in Z. umiza, tuna.
n. a kind of meal made from a
plant growing in streams in
Zanzibar
island
(Maranta
arundinacea, Sac.), arrowroot,
also used as (2) starch;
( 3 ) a sweet confection,
sometimes
with
intoxicating ingredients;
(4) name of a plant,
perh. the above.
Wangafu, n. and Uang-, brightness, lustre, glow, transparency,
power of reflecting light. (Cf.
-angafu, anga, ng'aa, &c.)
Wangalifu, n. and Uang-, carefulness, attention. (Cf. angalia.)
Wango,
Mwango.

n.

See

Kiwango,

Wangwa, n. (nyangwa), waste,

bare ground, sandy wilderness. In
Z. usually jangwa.
Wanja, n. IV. wa manga, antimony, used as a paint on the face.
(Cf. dalia, manjano.')
Wano, n. (ma-), wooden part,
or shaft, of a spear, arrow,
harpoon, &c.also called uti.
Wao, (1) pron. of 3 Pers. Plur.,
they. Denotes only persons, and
sometimes animals. (2) a.
pronom. their,form of -ao
(which see), agreeing with D 1 (S,
P), D 2 (S), I) 4 (S).
Wapi, (1) pron. interrog. of
place, where? and colloquially,
how? how so? often shortened to
-api and -pi, and appended to

verbs, e.g. wendapi-, where are you

going? (2) a form of -pi, which,
agreeing with D 1 (P).
Wapo, (1) n. (nyapo), for Uapo,
from apa, i.e. an oath, swearing; (2)
used in connexion with -tnoja, e. g.
mmojawapo, every (any) one of them;
( 3 ) a gift, see Uapo (cf. pa, v.).
( 4 ) verb-form, they are here/ i.
e. wa, pfx. of 3 Pers. Plur.
and -po, for hapo.
*Waraka, n. (iiyaraka), a written

WAKO

communication, a letter (of

correspondence). Andikiana w.,
correspond (by letter). Waraka u
nussu ya kuonana, a letter is next
to
seeing
each
other.
(Ar. Cf. barua,
cheti,
hatiy anwaniy dibaji, and for a full

account of Swahili as written in

Arabic characters, Biittner,
Lehrbiiclur des Seminars fur
orientalische Sprachen, Berlin,

Band 10.)

*Wari, n. a yard (measure),

half a fathom (pima), equal to
two thiraa or mukono. (Cf.
urefu.')

Warm, n. a skilled workman,

foreman,
master-builder,
contractor. Often coupled with
a defining word, seramala w.,
master carpenter,so mwashi
w., mwunzi w. (Cf. mbi- ngwa,
mstadiy fundi.)

Waridi, n. also W6radi,

Wardi, a rose. Also as adj. hal
waridi, rosewater, essence of
roses. Maji ma- waridi, rosewater diluted for toilette and
bathing. (Ar.)
*Warithi, n. (ma-), an heir.
(Ar. Cf. mrithi, which is
usual,and urithi.)
Wasaa, n. room, space,
freedom,
means,
leisure,
opportunity. Kuwa na wasaa, to
be comfortable, satisfied. Leo
sina wasaa, I cannot do it to-day.
(Ar. Cf. syn. nafasi.)
Washa, v. Cs. of waka, i. e.
cause to blaze, set fire to, light,
&c. See Waka.
Washerati, n. and Uash-.
See Asherati. (Ar.)
Wasi, n. See Uasi. (Ar.)

427

WANDA

Wasia, v. also Wosia, Usia,

direct, commission, order, charge,
and esp, of a solemn, serious,
weighty command, e. g. last
directions on starting for a journey,
a religious exhortation, giving the
terms of a will. Thus of a dying
father, Enyi waanangu, ntawausia, my
children, I will say my last words to
you. Wakamwosia, sfiika vema watoto,
and they solemnly charged him, be
a good guardian of the children.
Alimwasia nyumba, he gave his house
in charge to him. Ps. wasi-

Waatani, a. middling, average,

moderate, between extremes. (Ar. Cf.

wa. Nt. wasika. Ap. wasi-lia, -liwa, kadiri, kiasi.)

e.g. give orders about (to, &c.).

Cs. wasi-sha, -shiva. Rp. wasiana.

n. (wa-), solemn charge,

warning, exhortation,
commission, last will
and testament. Ndio
wasia wangu, that is my
final charge, my will.
Rejea w., revoke a will.
(Ar. Cf. follg., and
agiza.)

Wasii, n. (wa-), executor,

trustee, i.e. one named in a will,
or nominated as such. (Ar. Cf.
prec.)
*Wa*ili, v. arrive, reach, come
to, get to destination, be delivered
to, be received. Often followed by
kwa, kalika, haita, and locative in
-ni, e. g. w. kwakc (Unguja, hatta nyumba, kisiwani), arrive at his house
(at Zanzibar, at the house, at an
island). Ps. wasiliwa. Ap. wa- sil-ia,
-iwa. War aka wako urneni- wasilia,
your letter has reached me. Cs.
wasilisha, e.g. cause to arrive,
send. Hence wasil-ishia, -ishiwa.

n. receipt, income,
credit side of cash
account. Cheti cha wasili,
a receipt. Also as adj.
waraka wako wasili, your
note (is) duly received.
(Ar. Cf.fka,pata.)

Wasiwasi.
n.
doubt,
perplexity, scruple, infatuation,
disquiet,esp. when caused by
moral want of balance, weakness
of
character,
yielding
to
temptation. Fanya w., feel irresolute. Tia w., confuse the mind
(conscience). Ukamwingia wasiwasi
yule kijana, the young man was
filled with waverings. (Ar. Cf.
syn. mash aka, and dist. waziwazi.)

Watha n. also Witha, and Uwitha

(which sec). (Ar.)
Watu, n. (i) j)lur. of mtu (which
see) ; (2) also Uwatu, fenugreek.
Wavu, n. (ttyavti) a net,used for
fish, game, &c. W. wa kulalia, a
hammock. Tanda w., tega w set a net,
to catch something. (Cf. jar if a,
juya, kirnia.)

WAKO

427

WANDA

Waya, n. (nyayd), an earthen he is abstracted, buried in thought,

dish for baking, &c. (Cf. chungu.) absent- minded. (Cf. waza, and syn.
thana, ttia,/ikara.)

Wayawaya, v. sway to and fro,

stagger, totter, reel, e. g. of a tree we, a. form of wake, his, hers
loaded with fruit, a man from
weakness.
(Cf.f
lewa,
sila,yonga,yumba, ning inia.)

Wayo, n. (tiyayo), and Uayo,

(1) sole of the foot, footprint,
track of the feet; (2) trace, vestige,
symptom.
Waza, v. (1) suppose, fancy,
imagine; (2) reflect, ponder,
meditate, have in mind. W.
Muungu is used of religious
meditation, deep inward heartsearching (but this perh. from
another Ar. word wazaa). Ps.
waswa. Nt. wazika. Ap. waz-ia, -iwa.
Cs.waz-isha,-ishwa. Rp. wazana. (Cf.
Jikiri, kumbuka, thani, nia, azimu.)

*Waai, a. sometimes -wazi, (1)

open, bare, uncovered (of clear
passage, free access, room inside,
open book, &c.). Mlango w., open
door, njia w., open road. Pan alia
wazi, it sounds hollow. Kitwa
kiwazi, bare head. (2) fig. open,
manifest, evident, clear, plain.
(Ar. Cf. Ihahiri, baini.)
Wazimu, n. (no plur., treated as
D 4), madness, mania, hallucination, desperation, infatuation. E.
g. yutta w., he is mad. Fanya w., go
mad. Tia w., make mad. Mwetiyi w.,
a madman. Also ns a. yu w., he is
mad. (Cf. msimu, kuzimu, timwe.
Perh. wazimu is merely plur. of
mzimu, i. e. (1) spirits, demons; (2)
possession by demons, madness.)
Waziri, n. (wa ). chief officer
of state under a sovereign, prime
minister, secretary of state. (Ar.
Cf. she he, diwani.)
Wttso, n. (wa-), thought, fancy,
idea,
notion,
supposition,
reflection. Yu kalika mawazo yoke,

,its,affixed to nouns. E.g.

mwana- we, his son, wenziwe, his

companions. (So -le, -ze, -ye.)

Wea, v. be good for, be in

favour of, be useful to, turn out
well for, be the property of. (Perh.
an Ap. form from -wa, be, like
wia. See wa.)
Wee, for wewe, weye, you,
pron. of 2 Pers. Sing.
Weka, v. one of the very
common Swahili words, with the
general sense place, put, set,
and
a
great
variety
of
applications, e.g. (i) put in position, set fast, place firm, e.g. w.
uli- mwengu, of the creation ; w.
msinji, lay a firm foundation; kikao
tuli- chomweka, the position in
which we placed him. (2) put
down, put off, e. g. zO. selaha, lay
down weapons; w. mzigo, put
down a load. (3) put aside, put
away, put off, delay, adjourn. W.
hukumu, defer judgement; w.
chakula, put away food (till
wanted), (or else, put ready, prepare). (4) reserve, store up, keep
for use, e. g. w. akiba, lay up in
store;
w.
kisinda,
preserve
virginity; w. wakfu, devote to
religious purposes.

( 5 ) make
place
for,
accommodate, have room
for, contain, make comfortable, e.g. ulimwengu wote
hau- mweki, the world is too
small for him; nyu?7iba
hainiweki, my house is not
comfortable. (6) entrust,
deposit, commit, allot,
assign, e.g. w. fetha {heshima,
amattd),
give
money
(honour, a pledge). (7) set
firm, establish, appoint,
found, institute, e.g. w.
mfabne, set a chief on his
throne; w. desturi, establish a
custom ; w. sheria, lay down
a law ; kiwekwacho 11a
Muungii,
mwanadamu
hawezi kukiondoa, what is
appointed by God, man
cannot annul. (8) a common
form of pious wish or
blessing is, Muungu akuweke,
may God keep you, bless
you, make you comfortable,
sometimes with heri
added. Ps. wekwa. Nt.
wekeka. Ap. wek-ea, -ewa.
Hence wekeana,e. g. wekeana
masharti, bet together; w.
heshima,
exchange
compliments. Cs. {wek-esha,
-eza, seldom used). Rp.
wekana. (Cf. weko, kiweko.)
Wekevu, n. for welekevu, expertness, quickness, aptness, intelligence,,
inclination. (Cf. elekea, -ekevu^)
Weko, n. (ma-), (1) place for
putting something, stand, magazine,
base, pedestal; (2) piece of metal used
for welding. Tia weko, weld. (Cf. weka,
kiweko.)
Wekua, v. break up, dig up, break
in pieces, e.g. of a roof of concrete, or
wall, with crowbars, &c. (Perh. Rv. of
weka, or variant of ekua, tekua (which
see).)
Wekundu, n. red colour, redness,
ruddiness. (See -ekundu. The only

WEA

Bantu word in Swahili for a

special modification of white light
(weupe), weusi denoting its absence.)

*Wele, n. and Weli, for Uele

(which see). (Ar.)
Welekeo, n. (1) directing,
pointing, put in the way for; (2)
direction, admonition, warning,
hint. (Cf.- elekea, and follg., and
syn. onyo.)
W elekevu, n. and Wekevu
(which see). (Cf. prec.)
Weleko, n. See Mbeleko.
Wema, n. goodness, excellency
(of any kind). Wema hauozi,
goodness never goes bad. (See
-ema, for the meaning generally.
Cf. uzuri, and contr. ubayu, uovu.)
Wembamba,
n.
thinness,
slenderness, fineness, smallness,
delicacy (of fabric, texture, grain,
&c.). (Cf. -embamba, and bambo,
ubambo.)

Wembe,
n.
(nyembe,but
wembe appears also to be treated
as D 6, cf. dim. kiwembe, perh. as
dist. from kijembe, jembe), a razor.
(Dist. also mwembe, embe.)
Wendeleo, Wendelezo, and -i,
Wenendo, n. going on (back),
pro-,
ceeding,
progress,
movement, and fig. conduct,
behaviour, way of living., (Cf.
enenda, endelea, &c.)

430

WENDELEO

Wendo, n. (nyetido) and Wenzo

(nyetizo), way of going, means of
moving,hence
used
of
mechanical
methods
and
instruments, lever, gear, tackle,
roller. E. g. mti hauendi ilia kwa
ttyenzo, a log will not move
without something to move it.
(Cf. enda, mwendo.)
Wengi, a plur. of -ingi, i.e. waittgi, many,agreeing with D i
(P). (See -ingi.)

Wengu, n. () or Wengo, the

spleen.
Wenu, a. form of -enu, yours
(plur.),agreeing with D i (S, P),
D a (S), D 4 (S). (See -enu.)
Wenzi,
n.
(i)
u-enzi,
friendliness, friendly association,
companionship; (2) plur. of
mwenzi, friend, companion ; (3)
sometimes for {enzi (which see),
rule, power, sovereignty.
Werevu,
n.
cunning,
shrewdness, cleverness, sagacity,
worldly wisdom. (Cf. -erevu, and
welekevu, akili, ujattja.)
Weu, n. (tiyeu), clearing, open
space for planting, place free from
trees, forest glade. (Cf. follg., and
-eupe, weupe.)

Weuo, n. making white,

purifying, cleaning. (Cf. eua, and
prec.)
Weupe, n. (1) whiteness, white
or grey colour, a light tint in
general; (2) light as opp. to shade
or darkness, brightness, and esp.
of the dawn, rooming light; (3)
cleanness;
(4)
fig.
purity,
innocence,
integrity,
guilelessncss. (Cf. -nipt, cua, weu, and
contr. wcusi.)
Weusi, n. (1) blackness, blnck

or dark colour, a dark tint in general

(e.g. of blue, gTccn, red); (2) absence
of light, darkness, gloom, obscurity
(not used of dirt, as such, or in fig.
(moral) sense, like tvatpe; cf. -eusi); (3)
form of a. -eusi,agreeing with D 1
(P).
Wevi, n. and Wezi. plur. of mwivi,

mwisi, thief, i. e. wa-ivi.

WEA

Wewe, pron. of 2 Pers. Sing.,

you, also weye, wee. In sudden
emphaticaddress often combined
with ee, ewe / you there! I say,
you I (See Mimi.)

430

WENDELEO

vincible, beyond all control.

Ap. wez-ea, rtoa. Cs. wezesha, -shwa, c. g. empower,
give
authority
(leave,
strength, means, &c.) to.
Rp. wetana. (Cf. uwczo,

Wewedeka, v. also Weweteka,

mweza, hawezi.)
Wewezeka, Ewedekti, talk in
sleep or in delirium, or
Wia, Wiana, v. Ap. and Rp. of wa,
unconsciously. Cs. wnvede-sha, v. (which sec).
-shwa. (Cf. payu- ka, payo.)
Wifi, n. (), brother-in-law, sisterWeza, v. (i) be able, be strong, in-law. (Cf. shemeji, mwamua.)
be capable, have strength. The
Wika, v. crow,ol a cock. Jogoo
forms of the Negative Present,
siwezi, huwezi, &c., are regularly lawika, the cock crows. Likiwika lisiwike
used in the special sense, I am kutakucha, whether the cock
sick, (ill, unwell, &c.),so much
so that hawezi is sometimes treated
as an adj. and even a verb-root
(see Hawezi,and generally under
Jambo).
(2)havepower(means,
liberty, opportunity, occasion,
option, &c.), with an Infinitive
following, or like the auxiliary
can with a verb- root form
without the Infinitive sign ku. E. g.
aweza kwenda, he has strength to
walk, leave to go, &c. Naweza
ntpiga, I can beat him. (3) get
mastery over, control, overcome,
defeat, subdue,with nouns.
Sitnba alimweza, the lion overcame
him.
( 4 ) be able to bear, endure,
tolerate. E. g. ukali wako
hawauwezi, they cannot
endure your tyranny.
Rf. jiweza, have power
over oneself (or, in
oneself, of oneself),
have selfcontrol, be
temperate. Hence jiwezeaf be able to get on (to
manage, to do for
oneself),
be
independent, ls. wezwa.
Nt. wezeka, e. g. be
practicable,
possible,
permissible, probable,
ana also commonly
wezekati,
e. g.
hawczekani, he is in-

crows or not, the morning will

come. (See Jogoo.)
Wilaya, n. district, province,
region, country. (Ar. Cf. Ulaya.)
-wili, a. of second numeral

(mbili with D 4 (P), D 6 (P)), two,

a pair of, together, both. Marra
mbili, twice. Upanga mkali kuwili, a
two- edged sword. Walikwenda
wawili, they went together, or, they
both went. Viwili, in a twofold
way, doubly. (Cf. pili and
marudufu, and perh. mwili.)

Wima, n. being perpendicular,

uprightness, standing up. (Cf. ima,
uima, and simama.)
Wimbi, n. (i) (ma-), a wave.
Hapana maji, yasiyo mawimbi, no
water without waves. Killa chombo
na wimbile, every vessel has its
waves to meet. Mawimbi ya kuum'ka, breakers. Mawimbi ya ?nkoba,
rolling waves, swell, rollers. Maw.
ya kwelea, storm waves, high seas.
(2) () an^ Uwimbi, a small kind
of grain (Eleusine coracana, Sacl.).
(Cf. kiwimbi, and perh. vimba.)
Winda, v. hunt,of game in
general, animals and birds, large
and small, with weapons, nets,
dogs, &c. Also of pursuing a
flying foe, or fugitive. (Cf.
mwinda, uwindaji, windo, and perh.
nwinda, and syn. saka.)
Winda, n. See Uwinda.
Windo, n. (i) act (art, manner,
&c.) of hunting ; (2) (ma-), what is
got by hunting, booty, prey. (Cf.
winda.)

Wingi, n. much (of), plenty,

abundance, a quantity, a great
deal. (Cf. -ingi, ungi, and syn. tele,
mari- thawa, neema, baraka.)

Wingu, n. (ma-), cloud,or

what resembles a cloud. W. la
mvua, rain cloud. IV. wa moshi,

cloud of smoke. Thick cloud is called

nene, zito, kubwa, jeusi. Wingu la giza, a
dark cloud. (Cf. uwingu,gubari,
mavunde.)

WEA

430

WENDELEO

*Wino, n. ink,made in Z. of ogofya, and syn. hofu.)

agum (gundi), lampblack (moshi
Wogofya, n. (nyogofya, and ma-),
wa tad), and rice burnt black and
powdered. Kidau cha wino, causing fear, threat, menace, terrifying. (Cf. oga, ogopa, and syn. kamia.)
inkstand, inkpot.
Wokovu, n. (no plur.), deliverance,
Wishwa, n. (, or ? nishwa),
chaff, husks, bran. (Cf. kumvi, rescue, escape, salvation. (Cf. okoa,
mwokozv, and pony a l)
kapi.)
Witha, n. See TJwitha. (Ar.)
Wito,
n.
(1)
infection,
infectiousness, contagion. Pata
(pewa) w., be infected. Ndui ina wito
sana,- small-pox is very infectious
(cf. ambukiza). (2) casting,of
metal in a mould; also, a mould
for casting (cf. ila and subu) ; (3) ?
calling, call, from ita (cf. mwito).
*Wituri, a. odd,of numbers,
i. e. not even. (Ar.)
Wivu, n. and Uivu (which see),
also Uwivu.
-wivu, a. (1) and -ivu, jealous,
envious (cf. prec.); (2) and most
commonly -bivu, ripe, mature,
fully developed. (Cf. iva, and n.
-own, -bovu.)

Wiwa, v. Ap. Ps. of -wa, v. (See

-wa.)
Wo, relative form of -0,
agreeing with D 1 (S, P), D 2 (S),
D 4 (S), but used separately only
in a few phrases, e. g. wo wote, any
and all, all of whatsoever kind.
(See -o.)
-wo, (1) relative as prec. used
as pfx. in verbs, and generally
shortened to -0, e.g. watu walio
wema, persons who are good; (2)
contracted for wako, and subjoined
to nouns, e.g. mwanawo, or
mwanao, your son.
Woga, n. (no plur.), cowardice,
fear, timidity, shyness. W. mkubwa,
panic. Fanya (ona, ingiwa na) w., be
frightened. (Cf. oga, -oga, ogopa,

Wongo, n. See Uongo, -ongo

Wonyesho, n. a showing, appears

exhibiting,
demonstrating,
( 1 ) in pronom. adj. agreeing
pointing out,&c. Also wonyeshatto,
with D 2 (P), D 4 (S), e. g.
showing to each other, mutual
rniti yangu, my trees; ttyumba
display, general exhibition. (Cf.
yao, their house.
onya, ortyesha, on a, onyo.)
( 2 ) in verbs, c. g. rniti yaota, the
Worari, n. See Urari.
trees
grow;
ttyumba
yalijettgwa, the house was
Worotha, n. See Urotha.
built.
Wote, a. form of -ote, all, the
Ya,
prep, form of -a, of,
whole,agreeing with D i (S, P),
D a (S), D 4 (S). Twettde wote, let agreeing
us all go, but commonly of two
K
persons, i. e. let us both go, or, go
together. Twende sote, let us all go.
IVote wawili, both of them, both
together. (Cf. -ote, sote.)
Woto, n. verbal of ota, v.
(which see) in all three senses,
viz. (i) growing (as a vegetable),
vegetation ; (a) dreaming; (3)
getting warm, basking, warmth.
(Rarely found, perh. from this
ambiguity of meaning.)
.Y.
Y represents (1) the same
sound as in English, i.c. a
consonantal i, which in Swahili
usually takes the place of i before
another vowel, but often is not
distinguishable from a slurred r.
(a) It is used in a few words to
represent a very light and
evanescent sound of 1 between
certain consonants, e. g. it is often
written in kunywa, to drink,from
the root tty a, and kinytva, from the
same.
Y, as a formative, when
inserted before the final -a of
some verbs, gives them a Cs.
meaning, c. g. potto. get
well,pottya, make well, cure, save,
ogopa, fear, ogofya, make
afraid.

Y-, as a pfx., is the form taken

by r, before a vowel, and thus

WONYESHO

with D 2 (P), D 5 (P), D 6 (S),

e.g. nyumba ya rngetti, the
strangers house; makasha ya
rnbau, boxes of wood. But ya is
also the form used most generally
for of, whenever the reference
is indefinite and general. E.g. ya
nitii? why? ya kwatnba, that (conj.);
ya kuwa, because, in that. Thus it
is used continually with adverbs
to form prepositional phrases, e.
g. rnbali ya, far from; karibu ya,
near to; mbele ya, in front of; juuya,
above; ehitti ya, below, &c. (See
-a.)
Ya, verb-form, they are,
agreeing with D 5 (P), e. g.
makasha ya tayari, the boxes are
ready,and so in place of tti, or
Present Tense of wa. v. (which
see).
Ya-, pfx. corresponding to D 5
(P) in (1) pronom. adj., e. g.
makasha yangu, for ya-angu, my
boxes; (2) verbs, as Plur. Pfx.,
subjective and objective, e. g.
rnagariyattayachukua makasha, the
carts are carrying the boxes, or
yayachukua, i. e. ya-a-ya chukua,
ya coalescing with a following, as
in yangu, above.
*Yaani, conj. and Yani, that is,
that is to say, I mean. (Ar., lit.
it meant.)
*Yabisi, a. and Yabis, dry,
hard, sol id, e. g. udongoyabisi,
hard, parched earth. Baridi yabis,
rheumatism. Sometimes also as
v., be hard, dr)*, with Nt. yabisika,
in same sense, and Cs. yabisi-sha,
-shwa, make hard. (Ar. Cf. syn.
-gutmt, -shupafu.)
Yni, n. (mayai, mat), an egg.
Taga yai, lay nn egg. Atamia mayai,
sit on egg*. V. bichi, fresh,
uncooked egg. K viza (bovu), bad
(set, rotten) egg. Y, la kuiokosa,
boiled egg. la kukanga, fried,

433

poached egg.

YAKINT

Yako. a. pronom. form of ake, his,

her, its,agreeing with D 2 (P), D 5
(P), D 6 (S).
Yakini, n. truth, certainty, assurance, proof. E. g. najua y. ya habari, I know the truth of the story, f

out of the question. (In Ar. an

impersonal form of the verb, but in

Kwa yakini, really and truly. Wa- Swahili treated as above, like yakini.
taka yakini gani ? What sort of Cf. weza, wezekana.)

proof do you want ?

a. true,

Yangu, a. pronom. form of -angu,

certain, proved. v. be sure, my, mine,agreeing with D 2 (P), D
but usually as follg. (Ar. Cf. 5 (P), D 6 (S). (See -angu.)
follg., and syn. hakika, kweli, t
habit i.)
*Yani, conj. See Yaani. Also for ya
nini? why?
*Yakinia, v. resolve on, make
up ones mind to, be sure of,
determine on. Ps. yakiniwa. Nt.
yakinika. Cs. yakini-sha, -shuoa, e.
g. make sure, establish, confirm,
prove. (Ar. Cf. prec., and syn.
hakikia, thabuti- shal)
Yako, (i) a. pronom. form of
-ako, your, yours,agreeing with
D 2 (P), D 5 (P), D 6 (S) (see
-ako) ; (2) verb-form, they are
(there),prefix ya, agreeing with
D 5 (P), and ko, for kttko.
*Yakuti, n. ruby, sapphire. (Ar.
Cf. johari.')
Yale, a. form of -le,agreeing
with D 5 (P), i. e. those. (See
Yule.)
Yambo, sometimes used for
jam- bo (which see).
*Yamini, n. (1) right hand; (2)
solemn oath, sworn with right
hand on the Coran. Thus take a
solemn oath is twaa (piga, apa,
-la)yaniini. E. g. naweza kula yamini
ya kuwa simjui, I can solemnly
swear that I do not know him.
(Ar. Cf. B. syn. mkono wa kulia,
right hand.)
Yamkini, and Yumkini, n.
possibility, e. g. kwa yamkini,
possibly, probably. a. possible,
likely, probable, e.g. mambo haya
niyakini, these things are possible.
v. be possible (likely,
probable). Itaya- mkini kulia burre
wee ? Will it be likely you should
cry for nothing ? Ilaiyamkini, it is

WONYESHO

433

YAKINT

Yao, a. pronom. form of -ao} Sing., he, she, him, her.

their,theirs,agreeing with D 2
Yetu, Yenyewe, Yenyi, Yenu, forms
(P\ D 5 (P), D6(S). (See-ao.)
of -etu, -enyewe, -enyi, -enu, agreeing
*Yasi, n. a yellow powder from with D 2 (P), D 5 (P), D 6 (S).
India used as a cosmetic. (Cf.
Yeyuka, v. melt, become fluid,
dalia, liwa.)
melt away. Cs. yeyu-sha, -shwa, cause
Yasmini, n. a cultivated kind to melt, melt.
of jasmine. (Ar. Cf. a/u.)
Yo, (1) relative pfx., which,
Yatima, n. a fatherless, agreeing with D 2 (P), D 3 (P), D 6
motherless, or orphan child. (Ar.) (S),only used independently in

Yavuyavu, n. a butchers term

for lungs, or lights, of an
animal. (Cf. pafu, pumu.)
*Yaya, n. (ma-), a nurse, an
ayah. Killa mtoto Kay ay a wake,
every child with its nurse. (Hind.
Cf. mlezi.)
Yaya, a. a peculiar form of the
adj. haya (huyu), used only in combination with it for emphasis, i. e.
yaya haya, just these very things.
So lili hili, zizi hizi, vivi hivi, &c.,
and cf. yayo.
Yayi, n. (ma-), egg. (See Yai.)
Yayo,
a.
the
relative
corresponding to yaya, a. (which
see), e. g.yayo hayo, like papo hapo,
kuko huko.

Ye, (1) relative pfx. of 1, 2, and

3 Sing, referring to persons and
animals. Only used independently
in such phrases as ye yote, any one
whatever, whosoever; (2) used in
combination with verbs,often
heard as -e only. E. g. aliye mrefuy
he who is tall. Anayempenda, he
who loves him. (3) shortened for
yake (which see), and subjoined
to nouns and adverbs, e. g.
nyumbaye, his house; baadaye, after
that. (4) used in one form of the
personal pronouns, except wao, i.
e. miye for mimi, siye for sisi, &c.
Yee, for yeye, pron. of 3 Pers.

yo you. whatever, any whatsoever;

(2) subjoined to verbs; (3)

shortened iotyako, your, yours
(see -ako), subjoined to nouns,
e.g. babayo, your father; (4) cf.
form of huyu, used in reference, i.
e. huyo, that person yonder. (Cf.
huyu.)

Yoga, n. (), mushroom.

(See Uyoga.)
Tonga, v. sway, bow or bend
down, stagger under a weight or
from feebleness, &c. E. g. of a
tree in a wind, vessel at sea, a
man weak from illness, &c. Cs.
yong-esha, 1eshwa. (Cf. v ay aw
ay a, yurnba,

si/a, lewcu)

Yote, a. form of -ole, all, the

whole (which see),agreeing
with D 2 (P), D 5 (P), D 6 (S).
Sometimes also used with D 1
(S), e. g. ye yote, whatever person;
awayeyote, whoever he is.
Yowo, n. a loud cry, shout,
scream, esp. of a call for help.
Piga y., give a shout. (Cf. kelele,
kilio, kiyowe.)

Yu, verb-form, he (she) is,

used as3 Pers. Sing. Pres. Tense
of -wa, like other pers. pfxs. (see
-wa, Ni),the simple a never
being used thus independently,
but only in combination with a
verb.
Yu-, (1) pfx. of 3 Pers. Sing.,
referring to a person, but in Z. not
usual in verb-forms, and only
before the Pres. Tense sign of
monosyllabic verbs, e. g. yuwa
(for yu-a-wa), he is ; yuna, he has ;
yuaja, he comes. (It is, however,
regularly used in the loWg.yuko {po, -moY yule, yupi.)

Yuko, verb-form, he (she) is

(there), agreeing with D 1 (S),

i.c.^M, pers. pfx. of 3 Pers. Sing., and
ko, for huko. So yupo,yumo. (Cf. prec.)
Yule, a. form of -le,that,
agreeing with D 1 (S). The other
forms of -le are wale, ule, He, lile, Hie,
vile, yale, zile, pale, kule, rule. (Cf. huyu,
-le, and prec.)

WONYESHO

433

YAKINT

Yumba.Yumba-yumba,
v.
A. Causal, and so (1) Causal
sway, wave to and fro, stagger, c. simply, cause to (be or act), have
g. of trees,a balanced pole, a done, get done. (a) Compulsive, force
drunken or feeble person. to (). (3) Permissive, allow to ().
{Ql.yonga, waya, sita,lewa.)
(4) Attractive, induce to (Y
Yumkini, v. See Yamkini.
(Ar.)
Yumo, verb-form, he (she) is
within. (Cf. yuko,yu,-mo.)

( 5 ) Passive, let (be or act). (0)

Consequential, lead to, end
in, have the result of, be
followed by being (acting,
doing).

Yuna, verb-form, he (she) has.

B . Intensive, or emphatic, i. c. be
emphatically, act energetically, in the
(Cf. yu, and na.)
way indicated by any verb.
Yungi yungi, n. ('via-), name of
a blue water-lily (Nymphaea stel- (For illustrations cf. any verb
lata, Sacl.).
Yupi, a. form of -pi (which
see), agreeing with D 1 (S), which
person? Also for yu wapi, where is
he (she) ? ( C f . yu, -pi.)
Yupo, verb-form, he (she) is
here. (Cf. yuko, yu, -po.)
Z.
Z represents the same sound as
in English. But the sounds of s
and 2 are not always easily
distinguished
in
Swahili
pronunciation, and words of
Arabic origin involving the letters
Thai, Thad, Thah, if not written
with Th, or Dh, are (by some)
written with Z.
Hence words not found under
Z may be looked for under S, or
Th.
Z-, for Zi before a vowel in
verbs and pronom. adjs. See Zi.
-za, and -aha, are the
terminations characteristic of the
Cs. form of Swahili verbsa
form which under the general idea
of cause includes a wide variety
of meanings and applications,
some of which may be distinguished as:

,which is treated at length in its psalter. (Ar. Dist. saburi, patieiice.)^

derivative forms toa, penda, ona,
Zafarani, n. saffron. (Ar.)
funga, &c.)
Zagaa, v. shine, glisten, give light,
Za, prep, form of -a (which
see), of,agreeing with D 4 (P), illuminate. Ps. zagawa, e. g. be lighted
up, be enlightened. Cs. zaga-za, -zwa,
D 6 (P).
cause to shine. (Cf. more usual ngaa,
Zaa,
v.
denotes
vital inulika.)
reproduction, the whole process
or a stage in it, of male or female,
in any region of organic life,
thus, bear offspring, produce fruit,
procreate, beget, have children, be
pregnant, give birth to, be
delivered (of a child), be fruitful
(productive, fertile). Ps. zawa, but
commonly zaliwa. Nt.zalika. A^.zalia,

-liwa, -lika, e. g. bear to (for, by,

at), &c. Obs. amezaliwa mtoto, may

mean (1) a child has been bom, or

(2) he had a child born to him.
Also zalia is sometimes used
passively, e. g. alizalia hapa, he
was bom here, he is a native of
this place (as if for zaliwia).
Hence zali-sha, -shwa, e. g. cause
to bear (to be born), beget,
fertilize, make productive, assist
at childbirth, act as midwife, &c.
Also zaliana, breed together,
multiply. (Cf. zao, mzao, mzazi,
uzazi, kizazi, -zazi, kizalia, mzalia,
'imzee.)
*Zabadi,n.civet,musk,
substance taken from the civet
cat, and used in perfumes. (Ar. Cf.
zabidi, ngawa, fungo.)

*Zabibu, n. (), a grape, a

raisin, fruit of the vine mzabibu.
(Ar.)
Zabidi, v. take civet from the
civet cat. (Ar. Cf. zabadi.)
Zabuni, v. buy, bid at an
auction. The common word is
nunua. (Ar. Dist. sabitni, soap.)
Zaburi, n. (), a psalm, the

ZA

Zaidi, adv. and Zayidi, more,

in addition, in a greater degree or
quan-. tity. Zaidiya {kuliko, kama),
morethan, beside. Also as n. zaidi
ya habari, further news. (Ar. Cf.
zidi, ziada, and juu.)

436

Zaka, n. (), tithe, offering kesha, Undo.)

for religious purposes. (Ar.)
Zake, Zako, a. forms of -ake,
and -ako, their, theirs, your, yours,
agreeing with D 4 (P), D 6 (P).
Zama, v. (1) sink in a fluid, be
immersed, dive, be drowned, sink
down; (2) fig. plunge (into), be
immersed (in), be overwhelmed
(by). E. g. kilimia kikizama kwa jua,
huzuka kwa mvua, if the Pleiades
set in fine weather, they will rise
in wet. Zama katika elimu (katika
bahari ya maneno), plunge into
study (into the sea of words, e. g.
a dictionary). Ap. zam-ia, -iwa, e.
g. 0. lulu, dive efor pearls. Cs. zamisha, -iskwa, - g- engage as a
diver, contract for diving,
immerse, drown. (Cf. mzamo,
mzamishi, and syn. tot a, didimia,
zizimial)

Zamani, n. (1) time, period,

e.g. zamani moja, at a certain time,
once upon a time,commonly in
the plural. Zamani hizi, modem
times. Z. za kale, ancient times. (2)
ancient times, antiquity, the past.
Thus often as adv. long ago, in
ancient days, some time past, and
sometimes of the future, e. g.
mwanamke huyu atakaa hapa zamani,
this woman will remain here for
an (indefinite) time. (Ar. Cf.
wakati, and dist. samani, thamani.)
Zambarau, n. fruit of a large
tree (mzambarau), like a damson or
sloe.
Zamu, n. (), (1) properly, a
six hours spell of work, or
watching; (2) period of duty or
occupation, e. g. sentry, patrol,

ZAMU

turn, innings. Z.ya- ngu, it is my turn.

Ngoja 0., kaa 0., ketiz.,shika (linda) 0., are
all phrases used for keeping watch.
Cf. waliwe- kana zamu, wangine kulala,
wa- ngine na macho, they arranged
watches amongst themselves, some to
sleep, some to remain awake. (Ar. Cf.

'Z&ngefori, n. and
cinnabar, anatta. (Ar.)

-zee, a. aged, old,of animate

objects,others !>cing described as

Zingefuri, -a zamani, -a kale, a siku nyingi, -kukuu.

(Cf. rnzee, kizee, and

Zangu, a. form of -angit (which perh. zaa.")

see), my, mine,agreeing with D
4 (P), D 6 (P). Obs. naenda zangu,
Zema, a. an occasional form of
I am going away. (See Enda.)
-.etna, good, for njema, agreeing with D
Zani, n. same as uzini, uzinzi (which 4 (P), I) 6 (P). (Cf. this form in the
pronom. adjs. and -ote, -tnyi, -enynve.)
see). (Ar.)
Zao, (1) n. (we-), fruit,
produce, product, offspring. (Cf.
zaa, mzao, uzao, kizao.) (2) a. form
of -ao, their, theirs,agreeing
with D 4 (P), D 6 (P). (See -ao.)
Zaraxnbo, n. (),a spirit
distilled from palm-wine, tembo
(Str.).
*Zari, n. gold thread, (braid,
brocade). (?Hind.)
Zatiti, v. put in order, put
ready, arrange, prepare, provide.
(Ar. for the common words
tengeneza, andaa, weka (ayart.)

*Zawadi, n. present, gift, keepsake,generally of what is given

on some special or extraordinary
occasion, c.g. starting on or
returning from a journey,not of
regular customary, expected gifts,
i.e. fees, reward for service, prize,
&c. (Ar. For presents generally
see bak- shishi.)
Zawaridi, n. (wu-), Java sparrow,a bird which swarms in the
stone houses of Z.
*Zayidi, adv. See Zaidi. (Ar.)
-ze, (1) subjoined to a noun,
shortened form for zake, his, hers,
its; (2) at the end of a verb is
often the subjunct. mood of Cs.
form in -za.
Zebakh, n. and Zibakh,
mercury, quicksilver. (Ar.)

Zenu, Zenyewe, Zenyi, Zetu, a.

ZA

436

ZAMU

forms of -enu, enyewe, enyi, etu following, it is very often best

(which see),agreeing with D 4 translated by the adv. more or a
comparative adverb, c. g. anazidi
(P),
ku'ctida, he is going faster (or,
Zeze, n. (), a native stringed further). Azidi kujua, he knows better.
instrument, a kind of banjo, or Habari iuazidi kuenea, the news goes
on spreading. Zidi also means
guitar, common in Z.
domore, c.g.uizidikumfigu?
Zi, verb-form, they are,
agreeing with D 4 (P), D 6 (P),
and taking the place of H I , or Pres.
Tense Indie, of -wa. Nyurnba hizizi
nzuri, these houses arc good.
Zi- (often Z- before a vowel) is
a formative (1) of pronominal
adjectives, the pfx. agreeing with
D 4 (P), D 6 (P); (2) of verbs,
both subjective and objective
pfxs. agreeing with the above; and
(3) obs. sizi hizi, these very, just
these.
Ziara, n. (wa-), tomb, buryingplace. (Ar. place of visiting. Cf.
siara, sum, and kaburi.)
*Ziba, v. fill up a hole (crevice,
opening of any sort),and so,
stop up, cork, plug, dam, fill up,
close, shut off. Ps. zilnva. Nt. zibika, -ikana. Ap. zib-ia, -iwat c. g. fill
up with (for, in, &c.). Cs. zib-isha,
-ishwa.
Rp. zibatta, e. g. stop
itself up, get stopped up, get filled
up. (Cf. ziboy kiziboy zibua, and c\.
fukia, fungay katiza.)

Zibo, n. (wa-), a stopper, plug,

cork,anything that stops an
opening. Dim. kizibo. (Cf. prec.)
Zibua, v. Rv. of 2iba, unclose
an opening, remove a stopper or
plug, uncork, clear a hole, open (a
closed aperture). Ps. zibulhua. Nt.
iibuka. Ap. zibu-lia, -Inca. (Cf. prec.
and ziba.)
Zidi, v. (1) become more
(greater, larger, taller, longer,
&c.), grow, increase, multiply, be
more and more. With an Infinitive

zishwa, arrange (manage, provide,

Shall I beat him more ? (2) be

the

Zile, a. form of -le, those,

agreeing with D 4 (P), D 6 (P). (Cf.

greater, have more power

(than), outstrip, gain on (in a
race), be superior (to), e.g. hao
ndio watuzidio sisi, these are the
persons who surpass us (are
better than us, more powerful,
&c.) Maseyidi wa Un- gttja
waliwazidi, the sultans of Zanzibar were their overlords. (3)
get the better of, beat,
overwhelm, reduce to straits.
E. g. kazi imenizidi sana, the
work is quite too much for me.
This meaning is more clearly
shown in the Ps. (see below).
Ps. zidiwa, e. g. (1) be
surpassed ; (2) very often be
beaten by, be put in difficulties
by, and so, be in want of help
about. E.g. nimezidiwa, I am in a
difficulty, or with fetha, I am in
want of cash, or with karatasi, I
have run short of paper.
Tulizidiwa na mvua, we were
quite beaten by the rain. Ap.
zid-ia, -iwa, e.g. increase to,
grow upon. Sometimes Act.
Muungn awa- zidie afya, may
God grant them continuance of
health. Cs. zidi-sha, -shwa.
Hence zidi-shia, -shiwa. (Ar. Cf.
zaidi, ziada, zidisho, ma- zidio,
and syn. B. ongeza.)

Zima, v. repress, quench, quell,

extinguish, put out, rub out,in
literal and fig. sense, but with a
limited range of application (the
idea being not merely to. restrain,
put a check on {zuia), nor to stop
access, close an avenue or passage
{ziba), nor bring to an end, destroy
(komesha), but rather stop by
active repression, turning back on
itself), e. g. of fire, z. moto, put out
a fire, the commonest use, but
also of light, z. taa, and also z.
nuru ; of thirst (hunger), z. kiu
{njaa); of life and consciousness, z.
roho. Zima maji ya chu?nvi, change
salt water into fresh. Also fig. z.
vita {ugomvi, hasira), quell a war
(quarrel, anger). Also as a Nt. moto
utnezima, the fire has gone out.
Amezima roho, the man has fainted,
become unconscious. Ps. zimwa. Nt.
zimika. Ap. zim-ia, -iwa, e. g. put off
for (by, in, with, &c.), and (like
zima) zimia roho, faint. Ap. zim-ilia,
-iliwa, -iliza, -ilizwa, e. g. zimiliza
maneno, rub out (written) words.
Cs. zim-isha, -ishwa, and intens. (Cf.
kuzimu, mzimu, wazimu, zimwe,
zimua, zizimia, but dist. follg. -zima,
uzima, &c.)

*Zidi, n. (ma-), Zidio (ma-),

Zidisho
{ma-),
all
used
occasionally for increase,
addition,
augmentation,
supplement, &c. (Ar.
Cf.
prec.)
Zifuri, n. See Sifuri. (Ar.)
Zika, v. bury, assist in
burying, attend a funeral. Ps.
zikwa.

Ap. zik-ia, -iwa, e. g. bury in

(with, for, &c.). Cs. zisha,

yule.)

-zima, a. whole, sound, unhurt,

entire, alive, perfect, in good
health, full grown, adult. E. g.
mimi mzima, I am quite well. Watu
wazima, grown-up people. Fungu
zima, a whole heap. Samaki mzima, .
a live fish. (See Uzima, and cf. syn.
hoi, kamili, -pevu, and dist. zima, v.)
Zimua, v. Rv. of zima, with
similar meaning, i.e. quench,
repress, take the life or strength
out of, e. g. of taking away heat,
sharpness, bitter taste, newness
(of liquids) by dilution or
otherwise. Z. maji ya moto, cool hot
water. Z. tembo, l reduce the
strength of fermented

ZA

attend to or at) a funeral. (Cf.

mzishi, ma- zishi, maziko.)

*Ziki, n. kanzu ya ziki, a kanzu

with a collar, i. e. with white
stitching round the neck, but
not
the
usual
red-silk
embroidered stitching. (Cf.
kanzu, and Ar. zik, collar.)
*Zikri, n. used in Z. of a kind of
religious dance, like those of the
dervishes, with violent jerking of
the body and ejaculations of Allah
hat. (Ar. meditation.

436

ZAMU

)palm-wine. Ps. zimuliwa. Nt.

zimuka. Ap. zimu-lia, -liwa. (Cf.
zima, and note.)
Zimwe. n. and Zimwi, (i) 'of a
quenched, extinguished, lifeless
condition, e. g. makaa ya zimwe,
dead coals, bumt-out embers.
Also as a. makaa mazimwe. (2) condition of a hollow cocoanut,
without milk or kernel (cf.
kizimbwc),e. g. nazi ina zimwe, the
cocoanut has nothing inside. But
perh. conn, with (3) a spirit, fairy,
demon, ogre, goblin, ghost (cf.
jini, pepo, &c.). (Cf. zima, and note
mzima, wazimu, kuzimit, &c.,all of
the spirit world.)
Zindika, v. (1) inaugurate,
dedicate, initiate, hold an opening
ceremony (for), formally open ;
(2) protect with a charm or spell.
E. g. 2. nyutnba, have a housewarming. Z. mtoto, put a child
under a charm, for protection.
(Cf. follg., and syn. tabaruki, and
zinduka in same sense, see note.)
Zindiko, n. (ma-), (1) opening
ceremony, inauguration, &c.; (2)
protecting charm, spell. (Cf. prec.,
and zittduko.)
Zindua, v. (1) open, declare
open, inaugurate; (2) wake up
suddenly from sleep, wake with a
start (cf. zusha, vumbusha). Ps.
zinduliwa. Nt. zinduka, i.e.
( 1 ) be opened, inaugurated,
&c.;
( 2 ) wake with a start, be
suddenly wakened,
and (in this sense,
commonly) zindukana.
(Cf. zindika, in same
sense, inaugurate, the
same ceremony being at
once an opening for
special uses, and closing for all other uses.
And
obs.
seeming

identity

(shindika),
shinduka.)

with
sindika
sindua, sinduka,

Zinga, v. used both act. and neut.

of movement in a circle, i.e. (1) go
round, go about; (2) stroll, walk,
loiter, waver, gad about,with a bad
object or none; (3) turn about, waver,
change, chop, veer, e. g. of winds,
change of mind, &c.;
(4) act.,

ZIM.WE

turn round, roll round, coil,

wind. Ps. zingwa, e. g. (1) be
turned
round;
(2)
be
surrounded. Ap. zing-ia, -iwa,
and zing-ilia, -iliwa, e. g. unywele
ukamzingilia mguti, the hair
turned itself round his leg.
Hence zing-iliza, -ilizwa. Cs. zingiza, -izwa. Rp. zingana. (Cf.
mzinga, mzingo, kizingo, zingua,
mazingile, mazingiwa, and perh.
rnsinji, i.e. mzingi, usingizi,also
prob. -zungu, zungua, zunguka,

&c.)
Zingamana, v. be of a
turning, twisting, curving kind,
e. g. of a winding river. (St. Rp.
of prec.)
Zingizi, n. See Usingizi.
Zingo, n. (ma-), tum, twist,
bend, revolution. (Cf. mzingo,
and zinga.)
#
Zingua, v. Rv. of zinga, (1)
unroll, unfold, unwrap ; (2)
relieve of a spell or charm,
disenchant, exorcize, rid of
some evil thing. Ps. zingu- liwa.
Ap. zingu-lia, -liwa. (Cf. zindua,
and follg.)
Zinguo, n. (ma-), exorcism,
removal of a spell, riddance of
an evil. (Cf. prec.)
*Zini, v. commit adultery,
fornication,of
man
or
woman. Ps. zinwa (of woman).
Ap. sin-ia, -iwa. Qz.zin-isha,ishwa.
n.
See
Uzini.
(Ar. Cf. uzini,
sani,

-zittifu, uzinzi, and syn .Jisidi.)

Zio, n. (ma-), post used in

making the sides of a native

hut,commonly nguzo in Z.

439

(Cf. uzio.)

ZIWA

Zira, v. hate, have a grudge

against, but in Z. ehukia is usual.
zito, a. (1) heavy,in weight;
(2) difficult, hard to deal with, of
serious import; (3) severe, harsh,
hard to bear; (4) sad, depressed,
weighed down, heavy; (5) slow,
sluggish, clumsy, awkward; (6) of
fluids, thick; (7) pregnant. (Cf.
uziio, and -gumu, and contr. rahisi,
-epesi.)

Ziwa, n. (ma-), (1) lake, pond,

marsh, pool; (2) breast (of female),
milk-producing gland; (3) in plur.

mentioned.
maziwa, milk,human or animal.
Zoa, v. sweep up, gather up, gather
(Cf. usitva.)
in heaps, pick up, e.g. z. taka (,kifusi),

Zizi, n. (tna-), (i) enclosure for

keeping animals, yard, fold, pen,
stable, cowshed. Dim. kizizi (cf.
ua, banda, kitalu, and dist. sizi,
msizi). (2) adj. form in the phrase
zizihizi,these very, just these,
agreeing with D 4 (P), D 6 (P).
(Cf. papa hapa, yaya hay a, &c. See
Zi.)

Zizima, v. and Sisima, become

cool, get cold, settle down, sink
down, be calm and quiet, be
composed. Maji ya kuzizima, very
cold water, still water. Chakula
kimezizima, the food is quite cold
(cf. poa).
Ap.
zizim-ia,-iwa,

has a somewhat
specialized meaning, sink quite
away, disappear completely (as a
stone in water), e.g. alizizimia,
hakuzukiajuu tena, he sank, and did
not come to the surface again. Cs.
zizim-isha, -ishwa, e.g. (1) cause to
be very cold; (2) cause to wholly
disappear. (Cf. follg. and zima,
also perh. sisimizi, and didimia,
sink, disappear.)
-zizima, a. cold, still, stagnant,
e. g. of water. (Cf. follg.)
Zizimua, v. Rv. of zizima, (1)
lose the chill, get warm; (2) be
stirred, excited, irritated. Nt. zizimuka, e. g. of nervous irritation.
Zo, (1) relat. particle, used
independently only in such
phrases as zo zote, all whatever,
whatsoever, agreeing with D 4
(P), D 6 (P); (2) relattpfx.
agreeing with the above, in
combination with verbs; (3) shortened for zako, subjoined to nouns,
e.g. babazo, your ancestors; (4) cf.
hizo, form of hizi used in
reference, those yonder, these

gather up mess (rubbish) for removal.

Ps. zolewa. Nt. zo-leka, e.g. chungu
hazizoleki, ants cannot be swept up and
carried away. A\).zo-lea,-lewa, c-'fagi
(jamvi) la kuzolea, a brush (mat) for
clearing up rubbish. Cs.

ZIM.WE

zol-esha, -eshwa, -eza, -ezzva. (Dist.

439

follg.)
Zoea, v. become used (to),
get accustomed (to), be
familiar (with), he inured (to),
practise. Ps. zoe- lewa. Nt.
zoeka, become a customary
thing. Ap. zoe-lea, -lewa, -leka.
Hence zoeleza. Cs. zoe-za, -zwa,
e.g. jizoeza, train oneself (to),
practise. (Cf. follg., and
mazoea, ma- zoezi.)

ZIWA

out; (3) fig. go into thoroughly, find

out all about, get information, suck
the brains (of), e.g. nimemzua
habari zote, I have got out of him all
he has to tell ; (4) invent, discover,
compose, fabricate, tell lies, make
innovations, reform, revolutionize.
Ps. zuliwa, e. g. mti uliozuliwa tundu, a
tree with a hole bored in it. Nt. zuka
has a special sense, emerge (as from
a hole, out of water, &c.), suddenly
appear, start up, bob up (cf. mzuka,
uzukd).

Zoea, Zoezo, n. See Mazoea, Ap. zu-lia, -liwa, e.g. invent for
&c.
-zoefu,
-zoelefu,
a.
accustomed (to), practised
(in), familiar (with), inured
(to), e. g. mzoefu wa kazi, an
experienced workman. (Cf.
prec.)
*Zomari, n. a musical wind-instrument, a kind of pipe,
flageolet,- clarionet,of wood,
with a harsh, piercing tone,like
a bagpipe.
(Cf.
<

ngoma, for other instruments.)

Zomea, v. groan,as an
expression of grief, and also
of contempt, esp. with an
object expressed. E. g. walimzomea sana, they groaned at
him contemptuously. (Cf.
follg., and ugua, fyonya.)
Zomeo, n. (ma-)} groan,
of sorrow or disapproval. (Cf.
prec.)
Zote, a. form of-ote, all,
agreeing with D 4 (P), D 6
(P).
Zua, v. (1) make a hole in,
perforate, bore through, make a
way into, e.g. zua tundu, bore a
hole (cf. toboa), panya amezua
kiwanibazai a rat has made a hole
through the wall; (2) bring to
light, bring to the surface, hunt

kichaa, kizungu- zungu.)

(against, with, &c.), e.g. tell lies

Zumaridi, n. emerald. (Ar.)
about, make false excuses for, &c.
Cs. zu-sha, -shwa,e. g. cause to
Zumbua, v. Sec Vumbua.
emerge, bring to light, invent,
-zungu, a. (1) strange, wonderful,
reform, produce as new.
(Cf.
clever, extraordinary; (2) European.
mzttski, uzushi,
(Cf. tnzungu, uzungtt, and perh. follg.)
and syn. vumbua. Zua should perh.
be treated as two words, (i) bore,
(2) make new, invent, &c.
Zuia, v. (1) cause to stop, keep
back, restrain, hinder, obstruct,
prevent, balk, withhold, detain,
cause to stop, delay; (2) resist a
tendency, and so, support, prop,
strengthen. Ps. zuiwa. Nt. zuika.
Ap. zu- ilia, -iliwa, -ilika.
Cs.
zui-za,

-zwa. Rp. zuiana. (Cf. zuio, zuizo,

-zuifu,
and syn. simamisha,
komesha,pittga, ziba, and note.)

-zuifu, a. or -zuivu (same with

D 4 (P), D 5 (S), D 6), hindering,
obstructing, delaying, &c. (Cf.
follg., and zuia.)
Zuio, n. (///a-), and Zuizo
hindrance, obstruction,
difficulty, support, prop, stopper.
(Cf. prec.)
(tna-),

Zulia, n. (, and ma-), a carpet.

Zuli-zuli,
n.
dizziness,
giddiness, confusion. (Cf. zultt.)
Zulu, v. be giddy (dizzy), be
confused in mind (bewildered,
crazy). So also iu Ps. zuliwa, be
flurried, be confused, be driven
mad. Nt. zu- lika, e.g. kichwa
chamzulika, akiotia shimo, his head
gets dizzy if he sees a precipice.
Also Ps. amezulikwa tut kichwa, he
has lost his head, turned giddy.
Ap. zul-ia, -iwa. Cs. zul-isha, -ishwa,
c. g. kilco kitttem- zulisha kichwa,
drink has driven him crazy, turned
his head. (Cf. mazua, and cf.-

ZIM.WE

439

Zungua, v. cause to go round,

turn round, put round, but usually
zuttgusha (see below). Nt. zunguka, (1) go round, be round, surround, revolve; (2) go round and
round, wind about, be round
about, wander about, stroll, make
rounds; (2) loiter, waste time,
delay,and so, be tiresome. E. g.
ttjia inazunguka, it is a circuitous
path, the road winds about. Borna
lattzunguka tnji, the stockade
surrounds the village. Tumcagatta, usizunguke, we have said
good-bye, so do not wait about.
Hence zunguk-ia, -iwa. In Ps.
zungukwa, be surrounded, be gone
round, have on all sides, wear
round the body. Cs. zutigu-sha,
-shwa, (1) put round, surround
with, carry round; (2) cause to go
round, make revolve, turn round
and round, roll round; (3) keep
waiting, waste the time of, cause
needless annoyance. E. g. mahali
palipozutigushwa boma, a place with
a
palisade
round
it.
IVakajizungttsha uwanjatti, and they
formed a ring in the open space.
Zuttgusha mane no, equivocate, use
vague
indirect
statements.
Zuttgusha kichwa, turn the head
round. Hence zungush-ia, -iwa, e.g.
alimzuttgushia ttguo, he put clothes
on him. Also sungushana, e.g.
iusizuttgushane, do not let us keep
each other waiting. (Cf. -zungu,
mzunguko, zunguko, zungusho, and
see Zinga.)
Zunguko, n. (;), going
round, revolving, turning round,
winding about, whirling,and so
of objects revolving, See., e.g.
whirlpool, eddy, roundabout
speech, winding1|fbf a river,
circuit, way round, wandering,
&c. (Cf. follg.)
Zungumza, v. amuse oneself,
converse, play, engage in any
pastime. Also act. amuse, play
with, and so jizutigumza, amuse
oneself, occupy ones time. (Cf.

ZIWA

follg., and chcza, ongca.)

Zungumzo, n. (w<r-), amusement,
pastime, game, conversation, gossip,
talk. (Cf. prec. anti maongezi,
mehezo.)

Zungusho, n. (wa-), causing t

ogo round, &c., and also like

-zuri, a. (nzuri with D 4 (P), D 6,
zunguko. E. g. mazungusho ya zuri with D 5 (S)), beautiful, good,
shamba, fencing materials, a fence pleasing, fine, i. e. pleasing in any
of a plantation. (Cf. zungua.)
way or degree to any sense or taste,

usually of externals, and so

Zuri, n. and Aziir, peijury, translatable in a great variety of ways,
false swearing. Also as v. commit to suit the particular sense affected,
perjury, swear falsely. (Ar.)
and the degree in which it was
affected. But also of what commends
itself to the moral sense, not as good
in itself so much as consonant with
that sense, i.e. agreeable, amiable,
worthy, excellent, praiseworthy. Thus
mtu mzuri, a handsome person, or, an
excellent, pleasant person. Kulikuwaje
huko uliko- kwenda? How did you like
yourvisit? Kuzuriy very much (lit. it
was nice, pleasant). (Cf. uzuriy and
-etna, contr. -baya.)
*Zuru, v. visit, go on a visit to.
Esp. of visiting a grave, e.g. zuru
kaburi, or katika kaburi. Enda ku- zurUy
go to pay a call. Ps. zuriwa. Nt. zurika.
Ap. zur-ia, -iwa, e. g. atanizuria katika
kaburi ya miume, he will pay a visit for
me to the tomb of the apostle, i.e.
Mahomet. (Ar., visit, go on
pilgrimage to. Cf. ziaray and syn.
amkia.)
Zuruzuka, v. perh. a variant of

zunguka, go about, wander about,

loiter aimlessly, waste time, idle.

-zuzu, a. foolish, simple, inexperienced. (Cf. mzuzUy uzuzuy and
follg., and syn. mjinga.)
Zuzua, v. make a fool of, play tricks
on, puzzle a newcomer, treat as a
simpleton. Nt. zuzuka, e. g. be
puzzled, be at a loss, not to know
what to do. (Cf. prec.)

ZURI

442

THE END.

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