STATISTIKA

PENDAHULUAN
STATISTIKA DESKRIPTIF

DASAR STATISTIKA INFERENSIAL

Doddy de Queljoe

PUSTAKA
(1) Statistika untuk Biologi, Farmasi,
Kedokteran dan ilmu yang bertautan, William
C. Schefler, Ed 2, Bandung: Penerbit ITB,
1987
(2) Remington: The Science and Practice of
Pharmacy, Alfonso R. Gennaro, Ed 20,
Lippicott Williams & Wilkins, 2001
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(3) Statistika untuk Kedokteran & Kesehatan,

M. Sopiyudin Dahlan,Penerbit Salemba
Medika, Jakarta, 2009
(4) Besar Sampel & Cara Pengambilan
Sampel, M. Sopiyudin Dahlan,Penerbit
Salemba Medika, Jakarta, 2010
(5) Statistika untuk Penelitian, Sugiyono,
Penerbit Alfa Beta Bandung, 2014
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PENDAHULUAN
STATISTIKA

PROBLEM
RESEARCH
OBSERVATION/
MEASUREMENT

DATA

FACTORS

VARIABLES

STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS

NOMINAL
DISCRETE/
CATEGORICAL

DATA
TYPE

PERHITUNGAN
PENCACAHAN

ORDINAL
INTERVAL

CONTINUE
PENGUKURAN
PUNYA SATUAN

RATIO
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Categorical data are measured in a group (less

than two years, two to five years).
Continuous data are measured with specific
numbers (two years or five years).
Nominal: categories with group identifiers
(gender, region, country)
Ordinal: categories with implied scales
(military rank, satisfaction levels)
Interval: variables in a numeric scale without
a true zero (temperature, test scores)
Ratio: variables in a measurable scale
with a true zero (annual income, age)
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DESCRIPTIVE
TABLE

STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS

GRAPH
MEASURES OF CENTRAL
TENDENCY: MEAN, MEDIAN, MODUS
MEASURES OF DISPERSION:
RANGE, DEVIATION, VARIANCE, SD,
CV, SE.

INFERENTIAL
ESTIMATION
HYPOTHESIS TESTING

Descriptive statistics can be used to

summarize the data, either numerically or
graphically, to describe the sample.
Inferential statistics is used to model patterns
in the data, accounting for randomness and
drawing inferences about the larger
population.

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PARAMETRIK

INFERENTIAL
STATISTICS

ASUMSI: NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION SAMPLE

NON-PARAMETRIK
DISTRIBUTION FREE
SAMPLE

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ESTIMATION
INFEENTIAL
STATISTICS

SAMPEL BESAR (> 30)

SAMPEL KECIL (< 30)

COMPARISON
t TEST
ANOVA

RELATION
REGRESSION & CORRELATION

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Univariat
Banyak
Variabel

Bivariat

Multivariat

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Some Commonly Used Statistical Tests

Normal theory
based test

Corresponding
nonparametric test

Purpose of test

t test for independent

samples

Mann-Whitney U test;
(Wilcoxon) rank-sum
test

Compares two
independent samples

Paired t test

(Wilcoxon) matched
pairs signed-rank test

Examines a set of
differences

Pearson correlation
coefficient

Spearman rank
correlation coefficient

Assesses the linear

association between
two variables.

One way analysis of

variance (F test)

Kruskal-Wallis analysis
of variance by ranks

Compares three or
more groups

Two way analysis of

variance

Friedman Two way

analysis of variance

Compares groups
classified by two
different factors

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STATISTIKA
DESKRIPTIF

CONCEPT OF
BIAS,
PRECISION,
ACCURACY

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MEAN

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STANDARD DEVIATION

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COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION

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STANDARD ERROR

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FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

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FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

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DASAR
STATISTIKA
INFERENSIAL

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PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

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PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

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BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

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BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

(pxqn-x)

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BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

Probability:

= SD =

Number:

= SD =

Mean = P

Mean = nP

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NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

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NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM (CLT)

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NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

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STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION (Z)

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STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION (Z)

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STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION (Z)

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STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION (Z)

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Buku Statistik Schefler

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STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION (Z)

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STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION (Z)

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STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION (Z)

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NORMAL APPROXIMATION

[p-po]-1/(2n)
Z=
(po qo/n)
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NORMAL APPROXIMATION

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