Professional Documents
Culture Documents
*
* ) (
* ) (
* ) (
* ) (
.1 12 : ) 1200(
.2 43 : ) 1050(
.3 10 : ) 200(
.4 8 : ) 500(
*
*
) (
546 )1151(
.14 :
603 )1206(
.15 ) 427(:
.16 ) 255-215( 613 : )1216(
658 )1260(
.17 :
658 )1260(
.18 :
676 )1277(
.19 ) 610(:
718 )1318(
.20 :
721 )1321(
.21 :
740 )1339(
.22 :
801 )1398(
.23 :
830 )1427(
.24 :
833 )1429(
.25 :
838 )1434(
.26 :
875 )1470(
.27 :
899 )1494(
.28 :
.29 :
.30 :
.31:
.32 :
.33 :
.34 :
.35 :
.36 :
.37 :
.38 :
.39 :
.40 :
.41 :
.42 :
.43 :
903 )1497(
930 )1524(
937 )1530(
999 )1591(
1009 )1600(
1018 )1609(
1062 )1651(
1087 )1676(
1116 )1704(
1171 )1758(
1187 )1773(
1247 )1831(
1266 )1850(
1279 )1862(
1281 )1864(
1230 )1815(
1257 )1841(
1258 )1842(
1270 )1854(
1291 )1874(
1291 )1874(
1293 )1876(
1293 )1876(
1308 )1891(
1323 )1905(
* : )
( .
* : .
* : .
* : )1901-1880(
1929-1919) 2( .
* : )
( ) (
.
* : 1935
.
* : -
.
* :
.
* )( : - .
* : - ) (
) 5 :
(.
* :
)
.(...
* :
) .(...
* : ) (
) ( !
)
(.
) (
:
)
(... .
+++
) (
:
.1
* - )
(
)
(.
* ) (
.
. .
* "" 1942 ) (
) -( .
* "" ) -(
) (
- ""
- - .
- )(
- :
* 36 ) ( )
( .
* 50 ) (
) ( 13
) 10 2 ( .
15 ) (
.
* .
.
* = .
* .
* .
)(
) (
.2 )(
*
)
( .
) 330 - 550 ( ) 247 224 -(
) 637 - 224( 1100
" " )
(.
*
.
:
.
) (:
330 - 550 : 247 : 224 - 652 - 224 :
.3
* ) 24(
) 194 ( . :
.
*
) (.
* ) (
...
.4
* ""
) ( " " .
* ) (
)( .
* ""
.
.
+++
.
.5
* "" ) (500
)( "" )
(... ""
) (...
" " .
* ) 567 - 420(
" " .
) (
.1
)( 207 : 822 /
:333 :
...
:706 :
.
...
.
.
:770 :
... : :
...
_ )( 213 : 828 /
:48 } {
}{
.
... }{
"
.
:100 ... ...
... ...
272-231 : 885-845 /
:21
.
:23
... .
279-255 : 892-868 /
:63
. } { .
"" ... }{
} {
.
284-259 : 897-872 /
:218
.
.
}{ :
:
)( .
: ...
.
...
... .
... :
...
) ( 278 : 891 /
:51
...
.
.
:69 .
.
:83 .
...
80
...
290 : 902 /
:171 : .
-
.
.
...
.
)( -
)(
.
302 : 914 /
646 :2 } {
...
1996 :4
...
...
336 : 947 /
:75 ...
:154
.
:156
...
:240 ...
...
345 : 956 /
:30 }{
...
.
:39-38
...
.
:73 ...
...
...
.
:99
.
367 : 977 /
:162 ...
...
...
...
... ...
:166 .
:169
.
375 : 985 /
:457 :
. .
. .
:492
.
. .
...
287 ...
.2
346 : 957 /
:68 - 46 ...
...
. ...
... ...
... ...
:126 -123
.
.
:423 }{
. .
:467
. .
.
:505
...
. ...
...
) ( 372 : 982 /
:189 :
...
:291 : .
.
. ...
...
.
. .
:317 :
. .
. .
+++
: !
400 : 1009 /
) :20 (
) :282 (
) :568 (
* ) (
* ) (
* ) (
* ) (
* ) (
420 : 1029 /
:194
.
.
.
.
:196 :
444 : 1052 /
:5
.
.
:71 .
. ...
:73
.
.
...
.
:76
.
:85 }{ :
.
.
...
:
.
:156 .
:
:
.
470 : 1077 /
:4
...
:17
... ...
:202
.
.
.
. .
.
...
.
.
.
:203 } {
: ...
510 : 1116 /
:8
...
:12
:37
... .
.
:119
...
520 : 1126 /
:416
}{ }{
...
:478
.
546 : 1151 /
:109
.
...
) 255 - 215869 - 830 /( 613 : 1216 /
... :9
...
.
658 : 1260 /
:93 )(
2
.
:140 ... ...
:
...
:204
:297
...
658 : 1260 /
:222 : .
:681
...
718 : 1318 /
:50
.
}{ }{
}{
.
721 : 1321 /
:536
.
740 : 1339 /
:55 " "
"" .
)( .
:
.
:
...
... ... ...
... ...
.
...
:211 : .
.
...
...
801 : 1398 /
:36
.
830 : 1427 /
46 :1
...
.
833 : 1429 /
60 :2
.
73 :2
.
)( .
101 :2
.
.
. .
.
...
...
838 : 1434 /
:101 729
...
:162 800
...
875 : 1470 /
:649
.
:731
...
) 799(.
:816
q
902
.
899 : 1494 /
:92
.
903 : 1497 /
:583
.
:620 :
.
:920
:
.
.
930 : 1524 /
183 :1
.
185 :1
...
342 :2
.
937 : 1530 /
.
.
.
...
999 : 1591 /
:2 949
... ...
949
952 .
1009 : 1600 /
:6 ...
...
1018 : 1609 /
:59
... } {
. 351 962 /
...
:96 }{ r
"
" .
.
1062 : 1651 /
:105 -
.
:328 -
.
1087 : 1676 /
:122
...
1116 : 1704 /
:66 569
... ...
...
1171 : 1758 /
:2
.
:371
.
.
1187 : 1773 /
:54
...
...
:676 } 11861772 /{
.
1247 : 1831 /
:124
.
.
.
:234
.
. :
...
.
...
1266 : 1850 /
:7 - 5 ...
...
:54
...
1279 : 1862 /
:176
.
:221
.
.
.
1281 : 1864 /
:13 - 10
...
...
...
.3
1230 : 1815 /
:84 :
.
:92 ...
}{ )
... .. .(...
) (... .
.
:151 }{ ...
...
1257 : 1841 /
:122 - 119
...
.
.
.
.
-
.
.
...
...
" ...
.
.
1258 : 1842 /
:55 - 54 }
{ ... 28
.
:
) ( " "
.
:80
" " .
1270 : 1854 /
210 :1 } 425 {
}146{ }168{
} 6{ . } 24{
}79{ }{ .
...
: }{
. :
) 194 (
)
(.
:
}{
. ) 120 (
. .
.
1291 : 1874 /
) (:
* 1 25 1561
* 2 1763
* : 1801
* : 25 1814
* : 21 1841
* 25 1853
* : - 1857
* 25 1872
* 12 1813
* 21 1828
+++
: .
1293 : 1876 /
:330 329 }{
300 100 .
.
...
-
.
...
" :
.
:470 469
"
" ...
. "
"
...
...
.
)(
) 1245 1829 /( 1293 : 1876 /
:7 ...
.
...
1308 : 1891 /
:10 - 9 }{
...
...
...
...
1323 : 1905 /
:409 .
...
.
.
.4
1073 ) (
1573
1724 ) (
1724
1751 ) (
1751 ) (
1828 ) (
1855 ) (
1860 ) (
1920 ) 1935 (
) (:
* 1930
* : 1935
. 1959
.
*
*
* ...
+++
...
)( ) 3 4( :
* 3 : ) ( ) (
) ( .
* 4 : ) ( ) ( )(
)( . )
( .
.
* 4 :
) }{
30 (.
* 4 ) 375-345 :( :
) (.
* .
* .
) ( :
*
.
*
.
) ( ) ( )(
)( )( )( )(
) (
:
* "" .
* :
:
) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) ( .
* :
* .
.
.
.
*
.1 : .2 .3 )(
.4 ) ( .
* :
)
(... :
* "" ) 329-244( :
* ) 300(
:
* ) 431-350( :
* ) 429(
:
* ) 481-394( :
* ) 440-357(:
* ) 518-438(:
* ) 545-473(:
* ) 510( :
.
* ) 520( : .
* ) 551( " :
...2
.
* ) 676( :
* ) 716( :
...
* 818 )(
:
* ) 830( :
.
* ) 833( :
.
* ) 903( : .
* ) 1187 -1160(:
* 16 1167
:
2 ...
* ) 1171( :
... ... ...
* ) 1207(:
* ) 1247( ...
.
* ) 1266( : ...
:
* ) 329-244(
:
:
* ) 431-350( :
* ) 481-394( ""
:
* ) 672-604( :
* ) 871-793( :
* ) 906-844(:
* _
) (:
* :
* ) 1866 ( :
* ) ( .
* )1815(
)
)1901-1880( (.
* )1842( )
( .
* )1876( )
(.
* )1891( :
)
(.
* )1841(
: .
:
}{ .
: }{
) (.
* )1854( .
* 1923 1927
. )1942(
) (... -
.
* :
* "
"
* -
*
)
( )
( 1935
.
*
""
"" ) .(...
* )1689 -1613(
" 350 :
* )( :
* )(
)
(.
*
)
( ) (.
* ) 278(
) (.
* ) 375-345(
) (
) (.
*
.
) (.
* ""
...
.
) -( :
-
-
) 2(
.1 . : )( . .
.1389 .
.2 . _ )( . . ..
1386
.3 . . .1371 .
. . .1346 .
. . .1382 .
. . .1387 .
. . - .1349 .
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8 . . . .1375 .
.9 . . . .1382 .
.10 . . .1381 .
.11 . . .1345 .
.12 2 . . . 1385 .
.1 . . : 1383 .
.2 . . . .1385 .
.3 . . .1387 .
.4 . . .1372 .
.5 . . . .1386 .
.6 . . .1386 .
.7 . .1384 .
.8 . . .1387 .
.9 . . .1386 .
.10 . .1385 .
.11 . .1383 .
.12 . . . .1387 .
.13 . .1387 .
.14 . . . .1382 .
.15 . .1384 .
.16 . .1363 .
.17 . . .1386 .
...
.18 . .1350 .
.19 2 . .1384 .
. . .1385 .
2 . .1381 .
. .1385 .
. .1380 .
. .1378 .
. .1382 .
. .1383 .
. .1338 .
. .1380 .
. . .1380 .
.20
.21
.22
.23
.24
.25
.26
.27
.28
.29
.30 .
.31 . .1382 .
.32 . .1382 .
.33 . .1387 .
.34 . ) ( .1380 .
...
. . .1390 .
. .1380 .
. .1377 .
. .1384 .
. )( . .1383 .
.35
.36
.37
.38
.39
.40 . . .
.41 . 1266 .
.42 . .1377 .
.43 . . 1298 .
.44 . :
http://www.khorasanzameen.net/history/alalzad06.pdf
http://www.khorasanzameen.net/php/pdf/alalzad07.pdf
.45 . :
http://www.khorasanzameen.net/php/pdf/alalzad02.pdf
.46 . :
http://www.khorasanzameen.net/history/alalzad02.pdf
.47 . :
http://www.khorasanzameen.net/php/pdf/alalzad04.pdf
1. Mounstuart Elphinstone. An Account of the Kingdom of Caubul.New
Delhi. 1998.
2. Godfrey T. Vigne. A Personal Narrative of a Visit to Ghazni, Kabul and
Afghanistan. London. 2005.
3. Wilson, H. H., Ariana Antiqua. A Descriptive Account of the Antiquities and
Coins of Afghanistan. London. 1841.
4. Alexander Burnes. Cabool: a personal narrative of a journey to and residence
in that city, in the years 1836-38. London. 1842.
5. Smith, W., Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Boston. 1854.
6. Clements R. Markham. A General Sketch of The History of Persia. London.
1874.
7. M. Hayat Khan. Afghanistan and its Inhabitants (Hayat-I-Afghan, 1865).
Translated by Henry Priestly (1874). Lahore. 1981.
8. H. G. Raverty. Notes on Afghanistan and Baluchistan. Lahore. 2001.
. . . .9
2009
. . . . .10
1383