Professional Documents
Culture Documents
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
SEISMIC
FIELD DATA
PROCESSING
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
FACTORS AFFECTING
AMPLITUDE
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
FACTORS AFFECTING
AMPLITUDE
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
TECHNICAL
SHAREDAND
SERVICES
AMPLITUDE
PHASE SPECTRA
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
TECHNICALFOURIER
SHAREDTRANSFORM
SERVICES
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate
Geoscientist Training
Forward Fourier transform
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
ConvolutionalSERVICES
Model of Seismic Data
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
ConvolutionalSERVICES
Model of Seismic Data
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
2DSHARED
GeometrySERVICES
Configuration
TECHNICAL
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
2DSHARED
GeometrySERVICES
Configuration
TECHNICAL
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
2DSHARED
GeometrySERVICES
Configuration
TECHNICAL
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
10
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
2D SEISMIC DATA
RAW GATHER
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
11
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
2D SEISMIC DATA
RAW GATHER
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
12
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
2D SEISMIC DATA
RAW GATHER
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
13
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
SEISMIC
DATASERVICES
RAW GATHER
TECHNICAL
SHARED
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist
Training
3D SEISMIC
DATA
14
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
COMMON GATHER
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
COMMON SHOT GATHER
A set of seismic traces having the same shot point
COMMON RECEIVER GATHER
A set of seismic traces having the same receiver point
COMMON MID POINT
A set of seismic traces having the same mid point
COMMON DEPTH POINT
A set of seismic traces having the same depth point
SEISMIC
PARAMETER SHARED
DESIGN
TECHNICAL
SERVICES
SEISMIC DATA
SORTING
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
SEISMIC
PARAMETER SHARED
DESIGN
TECHNICAL
SERVICES
COMMON MID POINT
(CMP) CONCEPT
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
COMMON REFLECTION POINT
(NO DIP)
17
SEISMIC
PARAMETER SHARED
DESIGN
TECHNICAL
SERVICES
COMMON MID POINT
(CMP) CONCEPT
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
1st shot
2nd shot
3rd shot
4th shot
5th shot
6th shot
18
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
BASIC SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING SEQUENCE
EXPLORATION
DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
Geometry
Noise Editing / Attenuation
Amplitude Correction
Deconvolution
Static Correction
Velocity Analysis
Residual Static Correction
NMO (Normal Move Out)
Stack
DMO (Dip Move Out)
Migration
19
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
GEOMETRYSERVICES
/ LABELLING
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
RIGHT GEOMETRY
WRONG GEOMETRY
20
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
GEOMETRY
/ LABELLING
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist
Training
LINEAR MOVEOUT
APPLIED
RIGHT
WRONG
21
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
GEOMETRY
/ LABELLING
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
WRONG
RIGHT
22
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
GEOMETRY
/ LABELLING
TECHNICAL
SHARED SERVICES
EXPLORATION
DEPARTMENT
2D Seismic geometry checking based on offset
Graduate Geoscientist Training
23
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
FK NANLYSIS
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
RAW DATA
F-K ANALYSIS
24
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
FK ANALYSIS
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
25
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
FK FILTER
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
F-K FILTER
26
SEISMIC
DATA
PROCESSING
BANDPASS
FILTERSERVICES
FOR FREQUENCY
TECHNICAL
SHARED
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
NO FILTER
5-15 Hz
10-20 Hz
15-25 Hz
ANALYSIS
20-30 Hz
25-35 Hz
27
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
NOISESERVICES
EDITING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate
Geoscientist
NOISE EDITING
IS DELETING NOISY Training
TRACES WITH SPIKES, DC OFFSET OR
MONOFREQUENCY SIGNAL (POWERLINE INDUCTION)
BEFORE EDITTING
AFTER EDITTING
28
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
AMPLITUDESERVICES
CORRECTION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
SPHERICAL DIVERGENCE
Seismic amplitude correction based on the decrease in
wave strength with distance as a result of geometry
spreading
SURFACE CONSISTENT AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
A concept use for determining and applying seismic
amplitude correction based on statistical study of shot
point, receiver, CMP or offset gathers
AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL
A system in which calculate gain automatically of
individual channel/trace and independently of other
channel
29
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
AMPLITUDE
CORRECTION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate
Geoscientist Training
SPHERICAL DIVERGENCE CORRECTION COMPENSATE THE ENERGY LOSS BY
SPHERICAL WAVEFRONT DIVERGENCE
R A W DA TA
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
RAW DATA
GAIN 3 db/s
GAIN 6 db/s
31
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
AMPLITUDE
CORRECTION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
32
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
AMPLITUDE
CORRECTION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
SURFACE PROBLEM
33
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
AMPLITUDE
CORRECTION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
AMPLITUDE
CORRECTION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist
Training
AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL
(AGC) METHOD
(OPERATOR LENGTH)
35
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
EXPLORATIONDECONVOLUTION
DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
TECHNICAL SHARED
SERVICES
The seismic
trace
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
EXPLORATION DECONVOLUTION
DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
CONVOLUTION :
Change in waveshape as a result of passing through a linear filter
38
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
DECONVOLUTION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
MODEL ING
RC(t)
AI(t)
S(t)
W(t)
INVERSION
AI : Acoustic impedance
RC : Reflection coefficient
W : Wavelet
S : Seismic trace
39
TECHNICAL SHARED
SERVICES
DECONVOLUTION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Convolution
Graduate Geoscientist
Training
ck=ai*bj
Mechanic:
1. ai is fix array, bj is moving array
2. Reverse moving array bj
3. Multiply in the vertical direction
4. Add the products and write as output ck
5. Shift array bj one sample to the right and repeat steps 2 and 3
TECHNICAL SHARED
SERVICES
DECONVOLUTION
EXPLORATION
DEPARTMENT
Convolution
is commutative
Graduate Geoscientist
Training
A*B = B*A
TECHNICAL SHARED
SERVICES
DECONVOLUTION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Correlation
Graduate Geoscientist Training
Not commutative
Mechanics similar to
convolution without
reversing the moving
array
Measure the similarity
of two time series
TECHNICAL SHARED
SERVICES
DECONVOLUTION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
AUTOCORRELATION: Correlation signal with itself
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
DECONVOLUTION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
BEFORE DECONVOLUTION
AFTER DECONVOLUTION
(PREDICTIVE/GAP)
44
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
DECONVOLUTION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
BEFORE DECONVOLUTION
AFTER DECONVOLUTION
(PREDICTIVE/GAP)
45
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
DECONVOLUTION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
GAPTraining
TEST
Graduate Geoscientist
RAW DATA
2ms GAP
4ms GAP
8ms GAP
16ms GAP
32ms GAP
46
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
DECONVOLUTION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist
Training
GAP
TEST
NO DECON
2ms GAP
4ms GAP
8ms GAP
16ms GAP
32ms GAP
47
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
STATIC CORRECTION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
SURFACE ELEVATION
WEATHERING ZONE
DATUM
TECHNICAL STATIC
SHAREDCORRECTION
SERVICES
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
UNCORRECTED
CORRECTED
Graduate
Geoscientist Training
49
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
REFRACTION STATIC
CORRECTION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
Firstbreak
Time travel
Diping layer
Firstbreak data
Diping layer
50
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
STATIC CORRECTION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
UNCORRECTED
CORRECTED
51
TECHNICAL SHARED
SERVICES
NMO CORRECTION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
NMO velocity follow hyperbolic aproaching
base on relation :
x2
t t 2
v
2
x
1
t NMO to 1
VNMOto
2
o
t
t0
V1
V2
V3
V4
52
NMO CORRECTION
TECHNICAL SHARED
SERVICES
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
NMO CORRECTION
TECHNICAL SHARED
SERVICES
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
NMO CORRECTION
TECHNICAL SHARED
SERVICES
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
CMP GATHER
NMO CORRECTED
55
NMO CORRECTION
TECHNICAL SHARED
SERVICES
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
56
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
NMO CORRECTION
EXPLORATIONCONSTANT
DEPARTMENT
VELOCITY ANALYSIS
Graduate Geoscientist Training
57
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
NMO CORRECTIONSERVICES
/ VELOCITY ANALYSIS
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
SEMBLANCE
UNCORECTED
CORECTED
CMP GATHER
VELOCITY SCAN
STACKED
58
TECHNICAL SHARED
SERVICES
VELOCITY
ANALYSIS
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
VELOCITY
SECTION
TECHNICAL SHARED
SERVICES
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
60
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
RESIDUAL STATIC
CORRECTION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
61
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
RESIDUAL STATIC
CORRECTION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
BEFORE CORRECTED
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
DIP MOVE
OUT (DMO)
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
63
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
DIP MOVE
OUT (DMO)
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
DMO effectively corrects for the reflection points smear that result when
reflectors have dip
64
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
DIP SERVICES
MOVE OUT
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
65
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
DIP SERVICES
MOVE OUT
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
66
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
MIGRATION
Graduate Geoscientist Training
67
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
MIGRATION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
RAY TRACING
MODELLING
Graduate Geoscientist
Training
68
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
MIGRATION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
69
TECHNICAL SHARED
SERVICES
MIGRATION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
BEFORE MIGRATION
AFTER MIGRATION
70
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
MIGRATION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
BEFORE MIGRATION
AFTER MIGRATION
71
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
MIGRATION
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
Graduate Geoscientist Training
Stack Section
Depth Section
72
SEISMIC
DATA PROCESSING
TECHNICAL
SHARED
SERVICES
EXPLORATION DEPARTMENT
MIGRATION
Graduate Geoscientist Training
KIRCHHOFF
Migration by integrating along diffraction curves
FINITE DIFFERENCE
Migration based on the parabolic approximation to the scalar wave equation
(Claerbout and Doherty, 1972). It uses the principle of downward continuation.
KIRCHHOFF and FINITE DIFFERENCE approaches are based on the same
equation but differ in term of solution which are integral solution and differential
solution.
FREQUENCY-WAVE NUMBER (F-K)
Migration by shifted the data phase in F-K domain
STOLT METHOD for constant velocity medium and small dips
PHASE-SHIFT METHOD - allows vertical variation in velocity and is accurate for
dips up to 90 degrees.
73
Terima kasih
74