12S PATENT SPECIFICATION ‘Application Date: Feb. 2, 1945. Complete Specification Left: Jon. 7, 1946, Complete Specification Accepted: May 15, 1947. Win ott A 588,178 No, 2660/45. PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION Improvements in or connected with Electro-Magnetic Pick-Up Devices for Use with Stringed Musical Instruments Wo, B. 8, Aurummas Lnuz, of 2, 8 and 4, Highfield Road, Shepperton, Middleses, a British Company, and Grimnr fiavey Oriven Gassox, of the 5 Company's. addzoss, British, Subject, do hereby declare the nature of this inven- tion to be as follows:— "This inyention relates tg the translation of the vibrations of steel or steel-cored 10 sivings of a fretted musical instrament into electrical oscillations which may be reproduced in sound by normal amplify- Ing equipment, and porticularly to. the manne? in, which uch translation, is 15 effocied, with the object of overcoming ertagn faults inherent in existing types tf electro-magnetic pick-up devices used ‘vith such instromé 5 "According to {his invention, the devico 20 incorporates a permanent magnet adapted io. be positioned with its magnetic exis poralel to the strings, o bridge made, of Heel or other magusiio material for.the Strings secured to one pole face of the 2% magnet, a block or equivalent secured to the other pole-face of tho magnet, polo- screws or mombers projecting from said Bloor eauivlant one fox ech tring, adapted to be adjustable so as to vary the 30 aireap between the particular stxing and its associated pole-screw or member, and coils of wire on the pole-screws or mem- here adapted to be connected electrically ineeries and. to the input terminals of suitable amplifying equipment. Further according to this invention sshere covered strings are employed, the mrumber of coils of wire on the pole-sorews or members may be increased, the number 4 being determined by the thickness of the covering of the string, The davention can bo carried into effct in various ways a8 to detail constraction, and ag one example, the bridge support 45 ing the strings is mado of steel or other magnetic material and is clamped on one pole-face of a bar-shaped permanent mog- Bet in such a manner that the bridge Jorms one pole-piece of the magnet. On 60 the other polefaco of the magnet. is secured a block also of steel or other mag- [Price 1]-] 35 netic material formed with vertical tapped holes arranged in a line along the blook and spaced apart to correspond to the spacing of the strings. In each hole, and 55 fron the upper sido, is an adjustable threaded pole-sorew, and locking sorews of non-magnetic material, suchas brass. fare provided in the underside of the block. Gn each pole-serew is a bobbin carrying a 60 coil of fine wire. ‘The magnot with the bridge, block, pole-serews and coils is mounted on the {netrament so that the bridge occupies the usual position of the bridge and with a 65 pelesrew under ach ering, the erage Jog apptied tthe instrument. inthe usual manner, All the coils are con- nected in series and their output conveyed 4o the input terminals of suitable amplify. 70 ing equipment. The polescrews ate adjusted to give the desired gap bebween the olescres andthe retpctire stings and locked by the locking sorews. ‘The flux, passing through the pole- 75 screws and their respective coils will con fist of two. components, which may be eferred to as the standing flux and the variable @us. The sinnding flux, which ‘vill not induce any current in the coils, 80 is that which passes across the long aiz- gap, betreen_fhepolezorows, and the midge, the variable flux boing that which passes along the strings, vie the small air- gap. between the strings and the pole- 85 Serows. When a, string is now caused to vibrate, the small air-gap between the string and the pole-sorew will vary, thus causing the ux through fiat particulae pole-screw to vary, and induce a current 90 in its associated coil. Tt follows that for maximum voltage oitput, from the coils the variable ux shonld form ag high as possible a propor- tion of tha total flux, which is achieved 95 by making the air-gap between the pole- serews and tho sfrings as small as possible rithout restricting the amplitude of ibration of the strings. Purthermore, 2 given movement af a string in.any direc- 100 fon should cause the greatest possible ffux charge, this being achioved by mak-2 588,178 ing the heads of the pole-sorews of small ‘ross-seotional area, ‘thas long been found that tho covered or bass strings of electrioal stringed in- 5 struments of this class give a far loss volume output than the plain or treble strings, duo in loge part to the thikness of the non-magnetic oovering of the strings causing an unavoidably lange air- 10 gap in that particular magnetic elreuit ‘To overcome this disadvantage, according to this invention, the number of turns of wire on the associated. coil is increased according to the thickness of the string 15 covering, thas achieving a reasonably Jevel output from all the strings, By this invention, the strings do not cut ‘the lines of foroe but are made to carry art of the flux of the permanent magnet By forming par of the mognete cet, 20 Palaneed output ofall strings is obtained by individual adjustment on each string by means of the pole-screws or members under the laser's, control, whit the s jectromaguotio pickup unit working in Soujunetion with the seal or stedheared strings is of high officionoy whilst being compact and light in weight, Dated this 2nd day of February, 1945, 3. GARDNER. & SON, Chartered Patent Agents, 1734-5, Fleet Street, London, E.0.4, Agents for the Applicants, COMPLETE SPECIFICATION _ Improvements in or connected with Electro-Magnetic Pick-Up Devices for Use with Stringed Musical Instruments We, R. 8. Asountees 805 and 4; Highfield Road, Shepperton’ Middlesex, a” British Company, and Guosur fener Ottven Gassox, of the Company's, address, British Subject, do hereby declare the nature of this inven- Yion and in what manner the samo is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:— ‘This invention relates to the translation 40 of the vibrations’of steel or -steel-oored: strings of a frotted musical instrument into electric. oscillations which may be Jepralueed in sound by normal emplity- ing equipment, and particularly to. the 45 manner in which such translation is effected with the object of overooming sseriain faults inherent in existing types of electro-magnetio pick-up devices aed with such instraments, 60 _According to this invention, the eleo- {eosmagnate pel-up device ncrporsis a ormanent magnet’ adapt 1 posie Hioned with its magnetis axis parallel to tie stzings, a bridge made of stoel or other 655 anagnetic- material for the strings scoured 10 ane pole face'of the magnet, a block or equivalent of magnetic material secured to the other pole face of the magnet, pole- screws. or members of magnotio material 60 projecting from said block or equivalent, ‘one of each string, adapted to be adjust. able so as to vary the aizrap botween the particular string and its associated pole- screw or member, and coils of wire on the 65 pole-screws or members connected. eleo- ‘ically. in series for connection to-tho ine put_ferminals of “suitable amplifying equipment. Lauren, of 2, 35 ‘Purther according to this invention in instruments where covered strings are em. ployed, the number of fumns of wire on ie pole-serews or “members associated with the covered strings may be greater than the number of turns of wire for the uncovered, strings, the mumber being 75 determined by the thickness of the cover~ ing of the particular string, ‘The invention will bo clearly under- stood from the following description aided the accompanying drawings, in 80 which:— Figure 1 is « perspective view of one example of carrying the invention into ‘effect, and Figuro 2 detail views, 85 ‘Tho invention can bo carried into effect in various ways as to detailed construc. tion, “Tn the example shown on the accompanying drawings, ‘tho bridge 1 supporting the strings 2 is made of steel 90 or ‘other’ magnetic material, and is Clamped on one pletace of «bar shaped Permanent ‘magnet 3 in such a manner that the bridge 1 forms a pole-pieco of the magnet. On the other pole-face of the 05 magnet 8 is secured a block 4 also of stoel or other. magnetic material formed with ‘vertical tapped holes arranged in a line along the “block 4 and spaced apart to gorrespond to the spacing of the strings 2. 100 Tneach hole, and trom. the upper side, is ‘an adjustable threaded polescrew 5’ of magnetic material and locking screws 6 of non-magnetio material, such as brass, are’provided on the underside of the block 105 4: On each pole-screw 5 is a bobbin carrying 2 coil 7 of fine wire ~-he-magnet 8 with-the bridge 1, block 70588,178 8 4, pole-serews 6 and coilp 7 is mounted on the instrament so that the bridge 1 oou- pies the usual position of the bridge and with « pole-serew 5 undor each string 2, 5 the strings 2 being applied to the instru ment in the usual manner. All the eoila Tare connected in series and their output conveyed tothe input terminals of exit able amplifying equipment. pole- 10 screws 6 are adyistable to give the desired gap. between the pole-screws 5 and the respective strings ® and locked by the 1g sorews 6. ‘The flux passing through tho pole- 15 sorows 6 and their respective coils 7"will consist of two components, Which may be referred to a8 the standing fox end the variable flux. ‘The standing flax, which rll not induce any current in the cols 7, ap is that which passes noross the long air: fap between the polescres 8 and the frldge 1, tho variable flux being that which passes along the stings 2, via the Tinall airgop between the strings 2 and Hho pole-srews 5, When a string 2 is now catsed 10 vibrate the small airgap between the string @ and the polescrow 5 vill vary, thu causing the fux through That partoular poleserew 8 to vary, and 0 induce a current in its associated eo 7- Te follows that for maximum voliage output from the cols 7 the variable flux Should form as high as possible a propor- as Hime ll Bas ics ioe mg tho air-gap between tho pole- sorows 5 and. tho strings 2 ae omall as Possible without restricting ihe amplitude of vibration of the strings 2 Wurther- fore, @ given movement of a sting 2 in 40 any direction should cause the grestaxt porible fax change, this being achieved Pep maling the heads of the pole-screws 5 of amall rose-sectional atea. Tehas long been found that the covered 45 or bass strings 2a (Bigare 2) of electrical stringed instruments of this clase give far less volume outpat than tho plain ot taetle strings, due in lange pert to the ‘kno of the nomsmagnetio covering 8 80 ofthe ing 2 cnsing an waranty ‘igo in that particular magnetic cireuit, fo overcome this disadvantage, according to this invention, the number of tern okra om th sociated el for 86 the covered strings is inreased aovording to the thickness of the sirings covering, thus achieving a reasonably fevel output from all tho strings cc By this invention, tho atrings do not cut the lines of foree but are made to carry 60 part of the flux of the permanent magnet 3 by forming part of the magnetic cizouit, Balanced output of all strings is obtained by individual adjustment on each string by means of the pole-scrows or members under the player's control, what the clectrosmagnatio pick-up unit working in Conjunction with the steel or atosl-cored strings is of high efficiency whilst being compact and light in weight. % ‘Having now particularly desoribed and ascertained the nature of our said inven- tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is % I, For the translation of vibrations of tee or steel-cored strings of a fretted musical instrument into electric oscilla- tions for reproduction into sound by tying equipment, an eleotro- magnetic pick-up device incorporating permanent magnet adapted. to be. posi- tioned with its magnetio axis parallel to the strings a bdgemade of steel or other magnetic material for the strings secure 4o one pole face of the magna block or equivalent of magnetic material secured to e other pole faco of the magnet, pole- screws or mombers of magnetic material projecting from said block or equivalent, 90 ene for each string, adapied to bo adjusted 50 as to vary the air-gap between the par- wular string and its. associated pol screw or member, and coils of wire on the polo-serows or members connected eles Sisly nnn for onan f he wut of the amplifying equipment, 79. A device ao Glatnol i Claim 1 for instraments having | covered strings, ‘wherein the number of turns of the coils of wite on the pole-screws or members associated with the covered strings are greater than tho numbor of turns of wire for the uncovered strings, the number of tums being determined by the thickness of the covering of the particular string. 8. An electro-magnetic pick-up device for’ stringed musical instruments oon- structed substantially as deseribed with reference to the accompanying drawings. Dated this 7th day of January, 1946. H. GARDNER & SON, Chartered Patent Agents, 173—4—-5, Fleet Street, London, E.0.4, “Agents for the Applicants, 9% 100 105 0 Leamington Spa: Printed for His Majesty's Stationery Office, by the Courier Press.—1947. Pablished at The Patent Ofice, 95, Southampton Buildings, London, W.O2, from which copies, price 1s. 0d. each Gland) Is. 1d. (abroad) may be obtained.588,178 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION [This Drawing is a reproduction of the Original on. a reduced scale) et FIG.1. TEMS OT RD