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Plane Stress
APPLICATIONS
The orientation of an inclined plane (on which the normal and shear
stress components are to be determined) will be defined using the
angle . The angle is measured from the positive x to the positive
x-axis. It is positive if it follows the curl of the right-hand fingers.
+Fy = 0;
x =
x + y
x y
+
cos 2 + xy sin 2
2
2
xy =
y =
x + y
sin 2 + xy cos 2
2
x + y
x y
cos 2 xy sin 2
2
2
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
EXAMPLE 1
The state of plane stress at a point on the surface of the
airplane fuselage is represented on the element oriented as
shown in Fig. 94a. Represent the state of stress at the point
on an element that is oriented 30 clockwise from the
position shown.
EXAMPLE 1 (cont)
Solutions
The element is sectioned by the line a-a.
EXAMPLE 1 (cont)
Solutions
Applying the equations of force equilibrium in the x and y direction,
Fx ' 0;
Fy ' 0;
EXAMPLE 1 (cont)
Solutions
Repeat the procedure to obtain the stress on the perpendicular plane
bb.
Fx ' 0;
Fy ' 0;
EXAMPLE 2
The state of plane stress at a point is represented by the
element shown in Fig. 97a. Determine the state of stress at
the point on another element oriented 30 clockwise from
the position shown.
EXAMPLE 2 (cont)
Solutions
From the sign convention we have,
x y
x' y'
x y
2
x y
2
EXAMPLE 2 (cont)
Solutions
To obtain the stress components on plane BC,
x 80 MPa y 50 MPa xy 25 MPa 60
x'
x y
x' y'
x y
2
x y
2
Try this!
Solution
x + y
x y
+
cos 2 + xy sin 2
2
2
x y
d x '
2 sin 2 2 xy cos 2 0
d
2
Solving this equation leads to = p
xy
tan 2 p
x y / 2
1, 2
x y
2
x y
xy2
2
2
x y
d x '
2 sin 2 2 xy cos 2
d
2
xy
Solving this equation leads to = p; i.e tan 2 p
x y / 2
1, 2
x y
2
x y
xy2
2
2
d
2
Solving this equation leads to = s; i.e tan 2 s
x y
xy2
max in -plane
2
2
y / 2
xy
EXAMPLE 3
When the torsional loading T is applied to the bar in Fig. 9
13a, it produces a state of pure shear stress in the material.
Determine (a) the maximum in-plane shear stress and the
associated average normal stress, and (b) the principal
stress.
EXAMPLE 3 (cont)
Solutions
From the sign convention we have, x 0
a)
y
xy 2
max in -plane x
2
2
b)
avg
x y
2
0 (Ans)
tan 2 p
1, 2
y 0 xy
xy
p 2 45, p1 135
x y / 2
x y
2
x y
xy 2
2
2
(Ans)
EXAMPLE 3 (cont)
Solutions
If we use p 45
2
x'
x y
x y
cos 2 xy sin 2
2
2
0 0 sin 90
EXAMPLE 4
When the axial loading P is applied to the bar in Fig. 914a,
it produces a tensile stress in the material. Determine (a) the
principal stress and (b) the maximum in-plane shear stress
and associated average normal stress.
EXAMPLE 4 (cont)
Solutions
From the established sign convention,
x 0
y 0 xy 0
Principal Stress
Since no shear stress acts on this element,
2 0
(Ans)
EXAMPLE 4 (cont)
Solutions
Maximum In-Plane Shear Stress
tan 2 s
x y / 2
xy
0 / 2
; s1 45, s2 45
0
x y
0
2
xy2 x
max in plane
0 (Ans)
2
2
2
y 0
avg x
(Ans)
2
2
2
2
x y
2
sin 2 xy cos 2
0
2
sin 90 0
Derivation
x y x y
cos 2 xy sin 2
x1
2 2
x y
sin 2 xy sin 2
x1 y1
2
EXAMPLE 5
Due to the applied loading, the element at point A on the
solid shaft in Fig. 918a is subjected to the state of stress
shown. Determine the principal stresses acting at this point.
EXAMPLE 5 (cont)
Solutions
Construction of the Circle
From Fig. 918a,
x 12 MPa,
y 0,
xy 6 MPa
12 0
6 MPa
2
The reference point A(-12,-6) and the center C(-6, 0) are plotted in Fig. 9
18b.The circle is constructed having a radius of
R
12 62 62 8.49 MPa
EXAMPLE 5 (cont)
Solutions
Principal Stress
The principal stresses are indicated by
the coordinates of points B and D.
We have 1 2 ,
6
2 p2 tan
45.0
12 6
p2 22.5
1
EXAMPLE 6
The state of plane stress at a point is shown on the element
in Fig. 919a. Determine the maximum in-plane shear stress
at this point.
EXAMPLE 6 (cont)
Solutions
Construction of the Circle
We first construct of the circle,
x 20, y 90 and xy 60
The center of the circle C is on the axis at
avg
20 90
35 MPa
2
EXAMPLE 6 (cont)
Solutions
Maximum In-Plane Shear Stress.
Max in-plane shear stress and average normal stress are
20 35
2 s1 tan 1
21.3 (Ans)
60
EXAMPLE 7
The state of plane stress at a point is shown on the element
in Fig. 920a. Represent this state of stress on an element
oriented 30counterclockwise from the position shown.
EXAMPLE 7 (cont)
Solutions
Construction of the Circle
We first construct of the circle,
x 8, y 12 and xy 6
The center of the circle C is on the axis at
avg
8 12
2 MPa
2
R 102 62 11.66
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
EXAMPLE 7 (cont)
Solutions
Stresses on 30 Element
From the geometry of the circle,
6
tan
30.96 60 30.96 29.04
10
x ' 2 11.66 cos 29.04 8.20 MPa (Ans)
1
(Ans)
(Ans)