TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT

Interpersonal Communication
* Communicating with oneself.
Intrapersonal Communication
A. Dyadic Communication
* Involves only two participants. One speaker and one listener come together to
exchange thought, ideas, opinions, and information.
B. Small Group Communication
* Requires from 3 to 15 people to study an issue, discuss a problem, and come up with
a solution or plan.
* The group has an agenda, a leader, and an outcome to accomplish.
* Everyone can be both Speaker and Listener in the setting, rules must be followed to
facilitate order
* Examples: panel discussion, symposia, roundtables
* May be divided into two according to purpose;
*STUDY GROUPS: meant to look into a problem but not necessarily come up with a
solution.
*TASK-ORIENTED GROUPS- study an issue that come up with plan to resolve a
certain problem.
C. Public Communication
* Speaker addresses many listeners, collectively known as an audience.
* There is no interchanging of the Speaker and Listener roles.

* Many Public communication events are formal, well prepared, the Speaker is
dressed appropriately.
* Listeners are expected to listen to the message.
* It is usually a stage, a lecture and a microphone coupled with a sound system and
sometimes, spotlights.
D. Mass Communication
* Any of the above human verbal interaction carried out with the aid of mass media
technology.
* Used in radio and television.
* It is also includes Social media that helps to reach millions, more than radio or TV
ever could.
E. Organizational Communication
* Refers to the interaction of the member along the links in an organizational structure
* VARIATIONS OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
*FORMAL ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION: uses proper channels
graphically illustrated by an organizational chart.
Examples:
-Memos that passed according to organization chart.
-From president to managers, then managers to supervisors before reaching the
employee
* FORMAL ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION: opposite of formal , it
bypasses the links, skips forward or backwards or even goes sideways just to achieve
the same goal
Examples:

-Memo or Announcement on salary increase

-From secretary who typed the memo to another secretary who told the supervisor
who shared it with co-workers
F. Intercultural Communication
* Exchange of concepts, tradition, values and practices between and among people of
different nationalities and way of life
Examples:
-Discussion to exchange differences and similarities in Korean and Philippine
cultures.
-Difficulties of a catholic Filipino migrant worker in a Muslim country.
TYPES OF SPEECH STYLE
A. Intimate
* Non- public speech style, uses private vocabulary and includes nonverbal message
* Shared even without correct linguistic forms
Example: mother giving advice to her son because she already experienced it.
B. Casual
* Used among friends and acquaintances that do not require background information.
* The use of slang is common and interruptions occur often.
* Used when there is no social barrier to consider
C. Consultative
* Opposite of the intimate style
* do not share common experience or meaning

* requires two-way participation and interruptions can occur during the

communication
D. Formal
* used for imparting information
* Well organized and correct grammar and diction
* Technical vocabulary and exact definitions are important especially in Presentation
E. Frozen
* Its quality is static, ritualistic and may even be archaic
Examples: prayers, Panatang Makabayan, Preamble.
TYPES OF SPEECH ACT
A. Locutionary Speech Act
* Happens with the utterance of a sound, a word, or even a phrase as a natural unit of
speech.
* It needs to have sense and have the same meaning to both Speaker and the Listener.
EXAMPLES:
- What? (When someone is surprised)
- Its a bird! (When people see Superman in the Sky)
B. Illocutionary Speech Act
* Not just saying something itself but the act of saying something with the intention
of:
* STATING an opinion, confirming or denying something;
* MAKING a prediction, a promise, a request;

* ISSUING an order or decision; or;

* GIVING advice or permission
EXAMPLES:
* There is too much homework in the subject. (Opinion)
* Ill do my homework later. (Promise)
* Go do your homework!! (Order)
C. Prelocutionary Speech Act
* When a particular effect is sought from either the Speaker, The Listener or both.
* The response may not necessarily be physical or verbal and is elicited by:
* inspiring or insulting
* persuading/ convincing; or
* deterring/ scaring.
* aiming to change feelings, thoughts or actions
EXAMPLES:
* I was born a Filipino, I live a Filipino, I will die a Filipino. (Inspiring)
* It is the bleak job situation that forces Filipinos to find jobs overseas (Persuading)
TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES
Communicative Strategies plans, ways, means of sharing information which are
adopted to achieve a particular social, political, psychological or linguistic purpose.
A. Nomination - presenting particular topic clearly, truthfully and saying only what is
relevant. This strategy can be applied any time during the course of an interaction as a
way of continuing the communication.

Example: I was late for class again! The MRT stopped midway. Whats wrong with
MRT?
B. Restriction - constraining the response/reaction within a set of categories. The
listener is forced to respond only within a set of categories that is made by the
speaker.
Example: That arrest move was a disaster to happen. Do you agree? (Yes/No)
C. Turn-Taking - recognizing when and how to speak because it is ones turn.
Example: I agree with the point just made. But may I add that OFWs would rather be
home and work here so they could be with their families.
D. Topic Control - keeping the interaction going by asking questions and eliciting a
response. This allows listeners to take turns, contribute ideas, and continue discussion.
Example: How often do you ride the MRT? How many times have you encountered a
stoppages in service?
E. Topic Shifting - introducing a new topic followed by the continuation of the topic.
Example: If we cannot use the Earths resources, our economies will die. We need to
choose: the economy or the environment?
F. Repair - overcoming communication breakdown to send more comprehensible
message.
Example: I have ordered ColoneluhGeneral Cruz to look into this matter. He,
General Cruz, I mean, will report to me, as President.
G. Termination - using verbal and non-verbal signals to end the interaction that both
speaker and listener send to each other.
Example: Teacher: So thats all for today.
Student: Yes.
Teacher: Ok, All done. See you next week.

Student: Bye, Mam! See you next week.

PURPOSE OF THE SPEECH
Speech According to Purpose
A. Expository or Informative Speech which includes data to support the said speech.
B. Persuasive Speech which needs specific data that will help the speaker in changing
the minds of the listener and move them to action
C. Entertainment Speech may or may not need data unless the data can be used in a
humorous way.
Entertainment Speech
* To make listeners smile or feel lighthearted after the speech is enough.
* completely humorous light by providing;
o Comparison and contrast ( strange and usual )
o Highlighting the quirks of important personage (celebrities,actors,officials ,athletes)
o Assigning human characteristics to inanimate objects,
* It can be highly entertaining to engage in the word of puns.
o giving funny meanings to acronyms or anagrams
Guidelines in Making Entertainment Speech
* it must be PREPARED at the level of the speaker
* it must be TAILORED to fit the knowledge of the AUDIENCE
* it has to take into account the age, gender, social status, religion, and culture
affiliation of the AUDIENCE.
A. Reading or Speaking From the Manuscript

* Usually used in Formal Speech Context.

* Fully written out, usually typed and not folded but placed in a folder for neatness
* Delivery allows for greater control of the speech when precise wording is
paramount
* Read without emotion, lacking spontaneity and may even sounds boring.
* Speaker, most of the time, never looks up from the manuscript being read
Manuscript may be blown by the wind/fan/air conditioning, may also fall and the
order of the sheets of paper disarranged while being put back together.
* Speaker can lose his/her place in the Speech even while reading it or turn to the
wrong page
* Use complex words, jargons or technical language.
EXAMPLE:
o State of Nation Address ( By the PRESIDENT of the Republic of the Philippines)
o Presentation of Scientific Papers in conferences.
B. MEMORIZED SPEECH
* Fully written like the speech that is read from the manuscript but its fully
MEMORIZED.
* Every word, every phase, every comma and every period must be studied carefully
* used in oratorical Contests
Problems of Memorized Speech
* Forgetting the lines when one is already delivering the Speech.
* Lack of eye contact with the Audience.

Ex. Looking upward, to the side or worse to the floor to help themselves remember
the speech
* Like manuscript, it could be a tendency to deliver the speech without any infliction,
unless of course, the contestant has a good coach and had practiced to sound
spontaneous
C. Impromptu Speech
* Deliver on short notice with little or no preparation.
* sometimes called thinking on your feet
* The speaker must lea rn or experience as they are all the source of ideas for the
speech.
* Still must have beginning (introduction), a middle ( body of the speech ) and an end
(conclusion or summary)
Advantage of Impromptu Speech
* Delivered spontaneously.
* Speaker can adjust the speech ( make it longer of shorter )
* Speaker can add or skip ideas without any problems.
Disadvantage
* Speaker can just go on and on and sometimes with no point to make at all.
* Speaker may be so rattled and disorganized that the speech ends up with not much
sense
D. Extemporaneous Speech
* It has an outline

* The outline helps the speaker to remember a particular order of the points he/she
wants to make.
* The outline allows the speaker to jump from one point to another and to rearrange
the order of the speech
* Less formal than Manuscript speech and more conversional than memorized speech
* Mostly, the Speaker bring one or two note cards so they do not forget some
information
SPEECH ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
* Studied in order to deepen ones knowledge and learn how to apply them in ones
own speech.
A. EXPLORATORY OR INFORMATIVE
* Target to give informative information to the audience.
Example: Ella talks about the EBOLA VIRUS PANDEMIC, symptoms and treatment.
* The listener will be informed about the Ebola pandemic, its effect to our body,
treatments available and the near future to stop this virus and to prevent people from
dying.
Guidelines of Exploratory or Informative Speech
* It must have a message prepared at the level of the knowledge of the speaker
* It must be tailored to fit the level of knowledge of the Audience
* It has to take into account the age, gender, social status, religion, and cultural
affiliations of the Listeners
B. PERSUASIVE SPEECH
* To convince and to persuade the Audience explaining why their side is more
beneficial.

* Goal to change the listeners opinion, attitude, or belief regarding a certain topic.
Example: topic likes we should prepare for another Typhoon Yolanda
The goal is to convince people to be prepared as our country is visited by at least 30
typhoons per year. Such speech, if persuasive enough, will help to save lives.
Guidelines:
* It must have a message at the level of knowledge of the speaker
* It must be tailored to fit the level of knowledge of the audience
* It has to take into account the age, gender, social status, religion, and cultural
affiliations of the Listeners