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Force coecients
CD=
C L=
Drag
1 2
u A
2
Lift
1 2
u A
2
For bluff bodies such as spheres, the area A is the frontal area
or maximum cross sectional area, and the characteristics length
taken in the evaluation of the Reynolds number is the diameter.
For lifting bodies, the area taken is usually the frontal projected
area to zero incidence (i.e. span thickness), and the
characteristic length for Reynolds number is the thickness
Thus we have that in general any force coecient is a
function of Reynolds number, though sometimes it is a function
of other parameters as well, as mentioned above. However, for
Drag on a body
Or dimensionless form
D
1
2
U d
2
CD=
1
p
cos ds
d 1
2
U
2
1
C cos ds
d P
p
1
p U2
2
For cylinder
d
s=
2
1
C D = C p cos d
2 0
Or by symmetry,
C D = C p cos d
0
C p =14 sin
h
2
D=3 h po + U dy 2 h p c + u dy
h
h
2
2 h po p c 2
u
CD=
=
+ 1 2 dy
1
d 1
d h
U
U2 d
U 2
2
2
C D =2
y
d
( ( ))
u
u
1
U
U
y
d