What are sunnah, wajibaat and fard in namaz?

July 12, 2013 azghanvi

What are sunnah, wajibaat and fard in namaz?
Fatwa from http://www.askimam.org/public/question_detail/16426
This will be divided into five parts:
a) Conditions before salat
b) Fard in salat
c) Wajibs in salat
d) Sunnats in salat
e) Sajda Sahw
a) There are eight conditions for salat:
1-To perform wudu if necessary
2-To make ghusl if necessary
3-Taharah (purity) of the entire body and clothing
4-Taharah of the place where salat will be performed
5-To face the Qibla
6-Covering the satr (from the navel to the knees for men)
7-Intention of salat
8-Performing salat in their prescribed times
b) There are six faraaid in salat:
1-Takbeer Tahreemah (opening takbeer)
2-Qiyaam (standing position)
3-Qiraah (recitation of at least one long ayah or three short ayahs of the Quran)
4-Ruku
5-Sajdah
6-Qadah Akheerah (Sitting at the end so one can recite tashahhud)

c) There are fourteen waajibaat in salat:

1-To recite qiraah in the first two rakah of the fard salat
2-To recite Sura Al-Fatihah in all the rakah of every salat except in the third and fourth rakah of a
fard salat
3-To recite a surah, one long ayah, or three short ayahs after Sura Al-Fatiha in the first two rakah of
the fard salat and in all of the rakah of wajib, sunnah, and nafl salats
4-To recite Sura Al-Fatiha before the sura, long ayah, or three short ayahs
5-To maintain the order between qiraah, ruku, sajdah, and rakah
6-Qaumah (standing after ruku)
7-Jalsah (sitting between the two sajdas)
8-To perform salat with tranquility
9-Observing qadah oola (sitting and saying tashahhud after two rakats in the prayers which are three
or four rakah)
10-To recite tashahhud in both sittings
11-For the imam to recite qiraah loudly during maghrib, isha, fajr, jumma, eid prayers, taraweeh, and
all three rakah of witr in Ramadan
13-To say takbeer for qunoot in witr salat and to recite dua-e-qunoot
14-To say six additional takbeers in both eid salats
d) There are twenty-one sunnats in salat:
1-To raise the hands up to the ears before saying takbeer-e-tahreemah
2-While raising the hands for takbeer, keep the fingers of both hands raised and the palms facing the
Qibla
3-Not to bend the head when saying takbeer
4-The saying of takbeer-e-tahreemah and other takbeers loud by the imam according to the need,
while going from one rukn (posture) to the other
5-To fold the right hand over the left below the navel
6-Reciting thanna
7-To recite taawwuz
8-To recite tasmiyya

9-To recite only Sura Al-Fatiha in the third and fourth rakah of the fard salat
10-To say ameen softly after Sura Al-Fatiha
11-To recite thanna, taawwuz, tasmiyya, and ameen softly
12-To recite as much qiraah as is sunnah in every salat
13-To say tasbeeh at least three times each in ruku and in sajda
14-To keep the head and back at the same level while holding the knees with fingers of both hands in
ruku
15-For the imam to say "SamiAllahu Liman Hamida" in qawmah and the followers to say "Rabbana
Lakal Hamd" (one performing salat alone should say both)
16-While going into sajda, first place the knees on the ground, followed by the palms, nose, then
forehead
17-In qadah and jalsa position, to place the left foot on the ground horizontally and sitting upon it
while raising the right foot vertically so that the toes are facing the qibla. Both palms should rest on
the thighs, not the knees.
18-To raise the index finger of the right hand as one says "Ash haddu Alla Illaha" in tashahhud
19-To recite Durud in qadah akheerah after tashahhud
20-To recite dua after durud
21-To turn the face right first for salaam, then left
e) The method of performing sajda sahw is that after reciting tashahhud in the last rakah, one should
make salaam to the right only then perform two sajdas. Thereafter, recite tashahhud once again,
followed by durud and dua. Make both salaams thereafter to end the salat.
(Taleem Al-Haq, P. 111-123, Dawatul Haq)