Classification

ANALGESICS

Description
Relief of pain (antipyretic
reduce fever or lower body
temp.)

ANESTHETICS

Relieve pain by interfering with

nerve transmission

ANTACIDS

Relieve gastric hyperacidity

(usually bases)

ANTHELMINTICS

Rid of body worm infestation

ANTIANGINALS

Relieve chest pain associated

w/ increased oxygen demand

ANTICHOLINERGICS

Inhibit cholinergic nerves

responsible for gastrointestinal
hypersecretions and motility

ANTICOAGULANTS

Inhibit clotting mechanism for

those who have propensity for
clotting (prophylaxis to prevent
possible clotting in
hemodialysis and surgery)
Depress brain nerve firing to
control convulsive seizure in
epilepsy
Decrease gastrointestinal
activity, adsorb toxins, and
replace the bacteria flora
Prevent vomiting

ANTICONVULSANTS

ANTIDIARRHEALS

ANTIEMITICS

Examples
Mild pain ex. aspirin, acetaminophen,
dextropropoxyphene
Severe pain narcotic analgesic
ex. codeine, oxycodone
Chronic potent narcotics
ex. morphine
General depressing central nerve
loss of pain and consciousness
gases/volatile liquids
ex. halothane and ether
Local local nerve block
topically
ex. lidocaine, procaine, cocaine
Ex. sodium bicarbonate, sodium
carbonate,
aluminium hydroxide, milk of
magnesia,
magnesium trisilicate
Ex. pyrvinium pamoate, piperazine citrate
and diethylcarbamazine citrate
Vasodilator widen blood vessels
ex. nitroglycerin, isosorbide
dinitrate, pentaerythritol
tetranitrate
Beta-Blockers increase cardiac action
ex. propranolol, nadolol,
labetalol
Gastrointestinal antispasmodics
ex. propantheline, belladonna
alkaloids, adiphenine,
dicyclomine
Ex. heparin, warfarin, aspirin

Ex. phenytoin, trimethadione, diazepam

Ex. opium tincture (paregoric),

loperamide,
diphenoxylate, kaolin-pectin mixture
Phenothiazines ex. prochlorerazine,
chlorpromazine,
thiethylperazine,
trimethobenzamide
Anticancer antagonist ex.
metoclopramide
Motion sickness ex. meclizine, cyclizine

ANTIHISTAMINES

Antagonize effect of histamine

(hayfever, common colds,
asthma, allergy)

ANTIHYPERTENSIVES

Lower blood pressure

ANTI-INFECTIVES
AND SULFONAMIDES

Inhibit growth (bacteriostatic)

or destroy (bacteriocidal)
microorganisms
*contain sulfur

ANTINEOPLASTICS

Destroy rapidly multiplying cells

cancer cells and rapidly

growing cells (neoplasm
cancer cells)
Inhibit cough reflex

ANTITUSSIVES

ANTIVIRALS
BRONCHODILATORS
(Antiasthmatics)

Treat viral infections

Dilate airway passage

CARDIAC
STIMULANTS AND
DEPRESSANT

Stimulant increase heart rate

to
prevent cardiac depression
(arrhythmias)
Depressant slow down heart
rate
Vasoconstrictors shrink mucous
membranes

DECONGESTANT

DIGESTANTS

Promote food digestion in the

Ex. loratidine, levocitirizine, cetirizine,

diphenhydramine
*drowsiness/sedative
Diuretic reduce vascular volume
ex. thiazides
Beta-blocker ex. propranolol
Nerve ending blocker inhibit
symphathomimetic NS
ex. reserpine, methyldopa,
guanethidine
CNS blockers ex. clonidine
Vasodilators ex. hydralazine, prazocin
ACE Inhibitors inhibit renal mechanism
ex. captopril, enalapril
Topical ex. bacitracin, neomycin,
polymixin
Oral, IV, intramuscular ex. penicillin,
chephalosporins,
chloramphenicol,
tetracyclines, sulphonamides
Disinfectant ex. alcohol, acetic acid,
boric acid,
hydrogen peroxide,
merbromin, etc.
Ex. cisplatin, vinblastine, vincristine,
cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil
*emetic asprochlorperazine,
metaclopramide
Narcotic ex. codeine, hydrocodone,
dextromethorphan
w/ Antihistamines glyceryl guaiacolate
w/ codeine
Ex. acyclovir, zidovudine
Ex. epinephrine, isoproterenol,
pseudoepinephrine,
theophylline
Stimulant ex. epinephrine, isoproterenol
Depressant ex. quinidine, procainamide,
propranolol

Ex. pseudoephedrine, ephedrine,

phenylephrine,
disopyramide
*never for people w/ hypertension bc
more BP
Digestants ex. hydrochloric acid, bile

GI tract

DIURETICS

Increase output of fluid like

urine

EMETICS
HORMONES

Promote vomiting
Supplement when there are
hormonal imbalances
Produce and maintain sleep esp
for
people w/ insomnia
In lower doses as
anticonvulsants

HYPNOTICS AND
SEDATIVES

LAXATIVES AND
CATHARTICS

Promote defecation and

peristaltic movement
*laxatives can cause diarrhea

TRANQUILIZERS

Produce a sense of detach

calmness w/o depression of
mental faculties or clouding of
consciousness

MISCELLANEOUS
DRUGS

Diagnostics determine a
disease state
Radioisotopes treat tumors
Vitamins organic catalysts

acids, peptin,
pancreatin, diastase
Flatulence ex. simethicone
Ex. hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide,
ethacrynic acid,
bumetanide, spironolactone,
cetazolomide
Ex. ipecac syrup (common), apomorphine
((kung ano mang hormone kulang ka))
Barbiturates ex. secobarbital,
pentobarbital,
phenobarbital
Benzodiazepine sleep producing
ex. flurazepam, temazepam,
triazolam
Ex. castor oil, prunes, magnesium salts,
phenolphthalein, psyllium seed,
mineral oil,
dioctylsodiumsulfosuccinate, senna
Phenothiazines ex. chlorpromazine,
diazepam
trifluoroperazine,
chlordiazepoxide,
meprobamate
Diagnostic Aids
a. Histamines diagnosis of achlorhydria
b. Barium sulphate identify ulcers
c. Sodium ditrizoate radiopaque dye
used in angiography or urography
Vitamins
a. B vitamins ex. thiamine, riboflavin,
niacin, pyridoxine, cyanocobalamine,
folic acid, biotin
b. Vitamin C
c. Vitamin E
d. Vitamin A
e. Vitamin D
f. Vitamin K