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Edexcel Physics Unit 4

Topic Questions from Papers

Electromagnetism

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9 A 1.5 V cell is connected to a switch S, a neon lamp and a coil with many turns as
shown. Nothing is observed when the switch is closed but the neon lamp flashes as
soon as it is opened.
The neon lamp flashes when the potential difference across it is about 200 V.

Neon lamp

Coil with
many turns

1.5 V

Use Faradays law to explain why the lamp flashes once when the switch S is opened.
(4)
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(Total for Question 9 = 4 marks)

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SECTION B
Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.
11 The diagram shows a horizontal wire which is at right angles to a magnetic field. The
magnetic field is produced by a horseshoe magnet which is on a balance adjusted to read
zero when the current in the wire is zero.
Length of
wire in field
Magnet

Balance

0.8

When the current is 4 A, the reading on the balance is 0.8 gram.


The length of wire in the magnetic field is 0.05 m.
Calculate the average magnetic flux density along the length of the wire.
(3)
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Magnetic flux density =

.............................................................

(Total for Question 11 = 3 marks)

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*12 Faradays and Lenzs laws are summarised in the list of formulae as

d( N )
dt

(a) State the meaning of the term Nf.


(2)
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(b) Explain the significance of the minus sign.


(3)
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(Total for Question 12 = 5 marks)

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13 The simplified diagram shows a d.c. electric motor. The split ring commutator consists
of two copper semicircular sections attached to either end of a coil. Fixed carbon
brushes rub against, and make electrical connections to, the split ring commutator.
Axis

Coil

Permanent
magnets
N
I
Split ring commutator

Fixed
carbon
brushes

D ([SODLQZK\WKHFRLOWXUQVDQGZK\LWFRQWLQXHVWRURWDWH$GGWRWKHGLDJUDPWR
help your explanation.
(4)

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*N37969A0824*

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*12 In 1820 Hans Oersted did an experiment with an electric current in a wire. He noticed
that whenever the current was on, it affected a compass needle lying near the wire.
A few years later, Andr Ampere observed that two parallel wires attract each other if
they are carrying current in the same direction.
I1

I2

wire 1
wire 2

Explain Andr Amperes observation. You may wish to add to the diagram.
(5)
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(Total for Question 12 = 5 marks)

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15 A vinyl disc is used to store music. When the disc is played, a stylus (needle) moves
along in a groove in the disc. The disc rotates and bumps in the groove cause the stylus
to vibrate.
Coil

Vinyl disc

Iron strips
Magnet
Stylus

The stylus is attached to a small magnet which is near to a coil of wire. When the stylus
vibrates, there is a potential difference across the terminals of the coil.
(a) Explain the origin of this potential difference.
(4)
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12

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15 The diagram represents a simple induction motor. An alternating current Is is supplied to


a stationary coil (stator). This coil is wrapped around an iron core.
A rotating coil (rotor) is shown end on in the diagram.
rotor

Is

Is

stator
(a) The graph shows the variation of the alternating current Is with time.
Is

time

*(i) Explain how current is induced in the rotor coil.


(4)
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(ii) Explain why the rotor turns.


(2)
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(iii) State two ways of making the rotor turn faster.


1

(2)

.................................... ............................................................. ............................. ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

......................................... ............................................................. .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.................................... ............................................................. ............................. ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

......................................... ............................................................. .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) An induction motor is used to rotate the turntable in a record deck. Long-play
records require the turntable to rotate at 33 revolutions per minute.
(i) Calculate the angular velocity of the turntable.
(3)
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Angular velocity =

.......................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

*P39855A01128*

11

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January 2013

physicsandmathstutor.com

16 A teacher demonstrates electromagnetic induction by dropping a bar magnet through a


flat coil of wire connected to a data logger.
S
N
Data
logger

The data from the data logger is used to produce a graph of induced e.m.f. across the
coil against time.
Induced
e.m.f.

0
Time

*(a) Explain the shape of the graph and the relative values on both axes.

(6)

...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14

*P41629A01424*

physicsandmathstutor.com

January 2013

...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) The teacher then sets up another demonstration using a large U-shaped magnet and a
very small coil of wire which is again connected to a data logger.
The north pole is vertically above the south pole and the coil is moved along the line
AB which is midway between the poles. The magnetic field due to the U-shaped
magnet has been drawn. The plane of the coil is horizontal.

N
A
Very small
coil of wire

Sketch a graph to show how the e.m.f. induced across the coil varies as the coil
moves from A to B at a constant speed.
(4)
Induced
e.m.f.

Distance
0

(Total for Question 16 = 10 marks)

*P41629A01524*

15

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physicsandmathstutor.com

List of data, formulae and relationships


Acceleration of free fall
Boltzmann constant
Coulombs law constant
Electron charge
Electron mass
Electronvolt
Gravitational constant
Gravitational field strength
3HUPLWWLYLW\RIIUHHVSDFH
Planck constant
Proton mass
Speed of light in a vacuum
6WHIDQ%ROW]PDQQFRQVWDQW
Unified atomic mass unit

g = 9.81 m s
k = 1.38 10 J K
k = 1/40
= 8.99 109 N m2 C2
e  C
me = 9.11 10 kg
1 eV = 1.60 10 J
G = 6.67 10 N m2 kg
g = 9.81 N kg
0 = 8.85 10 F m
h = 6.63 10 J s
mp = 1.67 10 kg
c = 3.00 108 m s
 8 W m2 K4
u = 1.66 1027 kg

(close to Earths surface)

(close to Earths surface)

Unit 1
Mechanics
Kinematic equations of motion

v = u + at
s = ut + at2
v 2 = u2 + 2as

Forces

F = ma
g = F/m
W = mg

:RUNDQGHQHUJ\

W = Fs
Ek = mv 2
Egrav = mgh

Materials
Stokes law

F UY

Hookes law

F = kx

Density

 P9

Pressure

p = F/A

Young modulus

(  where
Stress = F/A
Strain x/x

Elastic strain energy

Eel = Fx

*P43323A02124*

21

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physicsandmathstutor.com

Unit 2
Waves
Wave speed

Y I

Refractive index

1 2

= sin i/sin r = v1/v2

Electricity
Potential difference

V = W/Q

Resistance

R = V/I

Electrical power, energy and


efficiency

P = VI
P = I 2R
P = V 2/R
W = VIt
% efficiency =

useful energy output


100
total energy input

% efficiency =

useful power output


total power input

Resistivity

5 O$

Current

I = Q/t
I = nqvA

Resistors in series

R = R1 + R2 + R3

Resistors in parallel

1
1
1
1
= + +
R R1 R2 R3

Quantum physics
Photon model

E = hf

Einsteins photoelectric
equation

hf = o/ + mv 2max

22

*P43323A02224*

100

physicsandmathstutor.com

Unit 4
Mechanics
Momentum

p = mv

Kinetic energy of a
non-relativistic particle

Ek = p2/2m
Y U
T = 
F = ma = mv2/r
a = v2/r
D U2

Motion in a circle

Fields

Coulombs law

F = kQ1Q2/r2 where k = 0

Electric field

E = F/Q
E = kQ/r2
E = V/d

Capacitance

C = Q/V

Energy stored in capacitor

W = QV

Capacitor discharge

Q = Q0et/RC

In a magnetic field

F = BIl sin
F = Bqv sin
r = p/BQ

)DUDGD\VDQG/HQ]V/DZV

 G No/ )/dt

Particle physics


0DVVHQHUJ\

E = c2 m

de Broglie wavelength

= h/p

*P43323A02324*

23

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