Earth Science, 13e (Tarbuck)

Chapter 14 Ocean Water and Ocean Life

1) The total amount of solid material dissolved in water is known as ________.
A) load
B) salinity
C) solute
D) insoluble residue
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater
Bloom's: Remembering
2) The proportion of dissolved substances in seawater is expressed as 0/00, which is the same as
________.
A) parts per hundred
B) parts per thousand
C) parts per million
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater
Bloom's: Remembering
3) The most abundant salt in seawater is ________.
A) KCl
B) MgCl2
C) NaCl
D) none of these
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater
Bloom's: Remembering
4) The dissolved materials in seawater are thought to originate from chemical weathering of
rocks on the continents and also from ________.
A) organisms
B) evaporation of fresh water
C) erosion
D) outgassing of elements from Earth's interior
E) none of these
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater
Bloom's: Remembering

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

5) Salinity in the ocean is highest in regions where ________ is high and ________ is low.
A) evaporation; precipitation
B) precipitation; evaporation
C) temperature; evaporation
D) precipitation; temperature
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater
Bloom's: Remembering
6) Desalination is not a viable source for producing large amounts of fresh water because of
________.
A) environmental regulations
B) technology
C) cost
D) all of these
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater
Bloom's: Remembering
7) A rapid change in temperature with depth in the ocean is called the ________.
A) homocline
B) thermocline
C) pycnocline
D) isocline
E) barocline
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.2 Ocean Temperature Variation
Bloom's: Remembering
8) Thermoclines in the ocean are best developed at ________.
A) lower latitudes
B) higher latitudes
C) both high and low latitudes
D) regions close to continents
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.2 Ocean Temperature Variation
Bloom's: Remembering

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

9) The speed of sound in the ocean has been measured to determine changes in ________ of the
ocean.
A) volume
B) salinity
C) temperature
D) density
E) none of these
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.2 Ocean Temperature Variation
Bloom's: Remembering
10) A rapid change in density with depth in the ocean is called the ________.
A) homocline
B) thermocline
C) pycnocline
D) isocline
E) barocline
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.3 Ocean Density Variation
Bloom's: Remembering
11) Density in seawater is determined by ________.
A) temperature
B) salinity
C) both temperature and salinity
D) none of these
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.3 Ocean Density Variation
Bloom's: Remembering
12) Most marine animals live near the surface of the ocean because of ________, which supports
photosynthesis by marine algae that form the basis of the food chain.
A) sunlight
B) air
C) warmer temperatures
D) all of these
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Remembering

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

13) Organisms, such as algae and bacteria, that drift with ocean currents are known as ________.
A) nekton
B) plankton
C) benthos organisms
D) biomass
E) none of these
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Remembering
14) The mass of all living organisms on Earth is called the ________.
A) nekton
B) plankton
C) benthos organisms
D) biomass
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Remembering
15) Technically, algae are called ________.
A) zooplankton
B) bioplankton
C) phytoplankton
D) nektoplankton
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Remembering
16) Animals capable of moving independently of the ocean currents, by swimming or other
means of propulsion, are called ________.
A) nekton
B) plankton
C) benthos organisms
D) biomass
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Remembering

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

17) ________ organisms live on or in the ocean bottom.

A) Nektonic
B) Planktonic
C) Scavenging
D) Benthonic
E) none of these
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Remembering
18) The upper part of the ocean into which sunlight penetrates is called the ________ zone.
A) thermal
B) photic
C) life
D) mixing
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Remembering
19) The ________ zone is the near-surface zone of the ocean where light is strong enough for
photosynthesis to occur.
A) photic
B) aphotic
C) euphotic
D) synphotic
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Remembering
20) The area where the land and ocean meet and overlap is called the ________ zone.
A) intertidal zone
B) neritic
C) oceanic
D) none of these
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Remembering

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

21) Seaward of the low tide line is called the ________ zone.
A) intertidal
B) neritic
C) oceanic
D) none of these
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Remembering
22) Open ocean of any depth where animals swim or float freely is known as the ________ zone.
A) pelagic
B) benthic
C) abyssal
D) unrestricted
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Remembering
23) The amount of carbon fixed by organisms through the synthesis of organic matter using
energy derived from solar radiation is called ________.
A) chemosynthesis
B) photosynthesis
C) primary productivity
D) none of these
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.6 Oceanic Productivity
Bloom's: Remembering
24) Productivity is highest in ________.
A) polar oceans
B) tropical oceans
C) temperate oceans
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.6 Oceanic Productivity
Bloom's: Remembering

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

25) Productivity in temperate oceans is determined by ________.

A) latitude
B) seasons
C) ocean currents
D) all of these
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.6 Oceanic Productivity
Bloom's: Remembering
26) In the food chain, each feeding stage is called a ________ level.
A) trophic
B) bios
C) replenishment
D) none of these
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.7 Oceanic Feeding Relationships
Bloom's: Remembering
Word Analysis. Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the
relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the
pattern.
27) sodium chloride magnesium chloride sodium sulfate
Answer: carbon dioxide
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater
Bloom's: Analyzing
28) plankton nekton
neritic
Answer: neritic
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Analyzing
29) photic zone
intertidal zone
Answer: photic zone
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Analyzing

carbon dioxide

benthos

neritic zone

oceanic zone

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

30) Salinity refers to all of the solid materials in seawater, both dissolved and visible.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater
Bloom's: Analyzing
31) Halite (sodium chloride) is the most abundant salt found in seawater.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater
Bloom's: Analyzing
32) Desalination is currently our most productive and efficient source of fresh water.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater
Bloom's: Analyzing
33) The rapid change in temperature with depth in the ocean is called the pycnocline.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.2 Ocean Temperature Variation
Bloom's: Analyzing
34) Thermoclines in the ocean are best developed at lower latitudes.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.2 Ocean Temperature Variation
Bloom's: Analyzing
35) The density of seawater is controlled by temperature and salinity.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.3 Ocean Density Variation
Bloom's: Analyzing
36) Salinity is the most important factor in the process of photosynthesis.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.6 Oceanic Productivity
Bloom's: Analyzing
37) Plankton are organisms that swim freely in the ocean.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Analyzing
8

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

38) Clams, sponges, and other bottom-dwelling animals are called benthos organisms.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Analyzing
39) The upper part of the ocean into which sunlight penetrates is called the photic zone.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Analyzing
40) The aphotic zone is the near-surface zone of the ocean where light is strong enough for
photosynthesis to occur.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Analyzing
41) The neritic zone is where the land and ocean meet and overlap.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Analyzing
42) The open ocean, regardless of depth, where animals swim or float freely is called the abyssal
zone.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Analyzing
43) Productivity in the oceans is highest in tropical regions.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.6 Oceanic Productivity
Bloom's: Analyzing
44) Feeding stages in the food chain are known as trophic levels.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.7 Oceanic Feeding Relationships
Bloom's: Analyzing

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

45) ________ refers to the total amount of dissolved materials in water.

Answer: Salinity
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater
Bloom's: Remembering
46) The emission of water vapor and other gases from volcanoes is called ________.
Answer: outgassing
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater
Bloom's: Remembering
47) The removal of salts and other chemicals to extract fresh water from seawater is called
________.
Answer: desalination
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater
Bloom's: Remembering
48) ________ refers to the change in temperature with depth in the ocean.
Answer: Thermocline
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.2 Ocean Temperature Variation
Bloom's: Remembering
49) The pycnocline is a rapid change in ________ with depth in the ocean.
Answer: density
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.3 Ocean Density Variation
Bloom's: Remembering
50) ________ include all organisms that drift with ocean currents.
Answer: Plankton
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Remembering
51) ________ refers to the mass of all living organisms on Earth.
Answer: Biomass
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Remembering

10

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

52) Among plankton, animals that drift on ocean currents are specifically known as ________.
Answer: zooplankton
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Remembering
53) Clams, sponges, and crabs are all examples of ________ organisms.
Answer: benthos
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Remembering
54) Marine organisms are influenced by a variety of physical oceanographic factors including
________, ________, and ________.
Answer: availability of sunlight, distance from shore, water depth
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Remembering
55) The ________ zone refers to the area where the land and ocean meet and overlap.
Answer: intertidal
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Remembering
56) The ________ zone refers to areas of the ocean, regardless of depth, where animals swim or
float freely.
Answer: pelagic
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Remembering
57) ________ level refers to each of the feeding stages in the food chain.
Answer: Trophic
Diff: 1
Topic: 14.7 Oceanic Feeding Relationships
Bloom's: Remembering

11

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Critical Thinking and Discussion. Use complete sentences, correct spelling, and the
information presented in Chapter 14 to answer the questions below.
58) Discuss variations in temperature and density of seawater with depth in the oceans. Please
use Figure 14.3 to help with your discussion. What are the key factors that influence or control
temperature and density? Are these variations the same worldwide or are they specific to certain
regions? Explain.
Answer: Temperature follows a simple bell curve, which is to be expected given the distribution
and concentration of solar energy on the surface of Earth. Salinity is depressed at the equatorial
region, but peaks in the 20-30 degree latitudes due to maximum evaporation a this location.

Diff: 2
Topic: 14.3 Ocean Density Variation
Bloom's: Applying and Remembering

12

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

59) What is the relationship of marine life zones to the distance from a given shoreline? Briefly
discuss the factors that control or cause these different zones. Where are these factors on Figure
14.12 below and is one factor more important than the others?
Answer: The farther away from the shore one travels, the less the biodiversity and the less the
number of individuals of organisms. This is due to light and/or nutrients being a limiting factor
in the growth of phytoplankton which is the base of the food chain. Light is by far the most
important factor shown in Figure 14.12.

Diff: 2
Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life
Bloom's: Applying

13

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.