Introduction

Sound pollution is the disturbing or

excessive sound that may harm the
activity or balance of human or animal
life. The source of most outdoor sound
worldwide is mainly caused
by machines and transportation
systems, motor vehicles, aircraft,
and trains. Outdoor Sound is summarized
by the word environmental noise.
Poor urban planning may give rise to
noise pollution, since side-by-side
industrial and residential buildings can
result in noise pollution in the residential
areas. Documented problems associated
with urban noise go back as far as
Ancient Rome.
Outdoor noise can be caused by
machines, construction activities, and
music performances, especially in some
workplaces. Noise can be caused by

outside (e.g. trains) or inside (e.g. music)

SOUND.
High noise levels can contribute to
cardiovascular effects in humans and an
increased incidence of coronary artery
disease. In animals, noise can increase
the risk of death by altering predator or
prey detection and avoidance, interfere
with reproduction and navigation, and
contribute to permanent hearing loss.

Methodologies
Very often, in tackling environmental
noise, it is necessary to assess the
magnitude of the noise based on

forecasted operating data. For instance,

to study the noise impact from the
different alignment options of a highway
project, the noise contributed from
various parameters such as the future
traffic flow and speed have to be taken
into consideration.
Various assessment methods using
standard acoustical principles and
modeling techniques are adopted for
various types of environmental noise.
Also, there are guidelines or criteria for
the planning and control of
environmental noise.
Aircraft Noise
Road Traffic Noise

Fixed Noise Sources

 Construction Noise
Rail Noise

Noise may not seem as harmful as the

contamination of air or water, but it IS a pollution
problem that affects human health and can
contribute to a general deterioration of
environmental quality. Noise is undesirable and
unwanted sound. All sound is not noise. It may be
considered as music to one person and may be
noise to another.
Noise is defined as unwanted or offensive sound
that unreasonably intrudes into our daily
activities. Sound is measured in a unit called the
decibel (dB). The permitted noise level is 125
decibels as per the Environment Protection Rules
1999.

Sources of Noise Pollution:

There are numerous sources but may be broadly
classified into two classes such as indoor and
outdoor:
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1. Outdoor:
Industries/factories, vehicular movements such
as car, motor, truck, train, tempo, motor cycle,
aircrafts, trains. Construction work defence
equipments, explosions, playing of loudspeakers
during various festivals etc. The higher the speed
of an air crafts the greater the noise pollution.
The invention of supersonic air crafts has added
more noise for the persons who live near
aerodromes. Another source of noise pollution
connected with aero planes has been scaring
away of birds. Satellites are projected into space
with the help of high explosive rockets also
contributes to noise pollution.
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2. Indoor:
Loudly played radio or music systems, and other
electronic gadgets etc.
Effects of Noise Pollution:
a. Emotional or psychological effects
irritability, anxiety and stress. Lack of
concentration and mental fatigue are significant
health effects of noise.
b. It has been observed that the performance of
school children is poor in comprehension tasks
when schools are situated in busy areas of a city
and suffer from noise pollution disturbance.
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c. Interferes with normal auditory communication,
it may mask auditory warning signals and hence
increases the rate of accidents especially in
industries.
d. The effects can range in severity from being

extremely annoying to being extremely painful

and hazardous lowers workers efficiency and
productivity and higher accident rates on the job.
e. Physical damage to the ear and the temporary
hearing loss often called a temporary threshold
shift (TTS). People suffering from this condition
will be unable to detect weak sounds. However,
hearing ability is usually recovered within a
month of exposure. Permanent loss, usually
called Noise Induced Permanent Threshold Shift
(NIPTS) represents a loss of hearing ability from
which there is no recovery.
Below a sound level of 80 dB. hearing loss does
not occur at all. However temporary effects are
noticed at sound levels between 80 and 130 dB.
About 50 percent of the people exposed to 95 dB
sound levels at work will develop NIPTS and most
people exposed to more than 105 dB will
experience permanent hearing loss. A sound level
of 150 dB or more can physically rupture the
human eardrum and >180dB can kill a person.