Professional Documents
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100
6,,6
x,&
+GPresent work
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a r t i n e l l i & a1
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Subscripts
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10.
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10
measurements of wall friction in a two-phase flow. By more elaborate statistical processing of the signal received from the probes,
we hope to obtain more precise data about the structure and
transfer properties of such flows near the wall as has already been
done in a one-phase turbulent flow.
NOTATION
T
U
Greek Letters
P
IL, v
7
100
P
S
G ,GS
L
= Density kg/m3
= Dynamic viscosity PI; Kinematics viscosity mz/s
= Wall friction, time average, 1 1 absolute value
LITERATURE CITED
Bankoff, S. G., A Variable Density Single-Fluid Model for Two Phase Flow
with Particular Reference to Steam-Water Flow, J. Heat Trans., 82C,
265 (1960).
Delage, Ph., Moyens de Mesure Adaptbs ilktude des kcoulements
Turbulents au Voisinage des Parois: Anbmomhie Laser et Polarographie, Th&e de Docteur-Ingbnieur. INPL, Nancy (1979).
Hanratty, T. J., and L. P. Reiss, Measurement of Instantaneous Rate of
Mass Transfer to a Small Sink on a Wall, AIChE J., 8,245 (1962).
Kutateladze, S. S., Study of Turbulent Flows Near the Wall,in Russian,
Acad. Sc. URSS, Siberia, Ed.,Nanka Novobirisk, 140 (1975).
Labbe, M., Cpntribution ?I 1Etude de la Recirculation en Aval dune
Marche en Ecoulement Puld, These de Docteur-Ingbnieur, Nancy
(1975).
Lebouche, M., and G . Cognet, La Polarographie, Moyen dfitude du
Mouvement des Liquides, Chirnie Industrie, 97, no 12,2002 (1967).
Lockhart, R. W., and R. C. Martinelli, Proposed Correlation of Data for
Isothermal Two-Phase, Two-Component Flow in Pipes, Chem. Eng.
Prog., 45,39 (1949).
Mizushina, T., Electrochemical Method, Adv. in Heat Trans., 7, 87
(1971).
Nakoryakov, V & Al, Application of the Electrodiffusion Method in the
Study of Gas-Liquid Flows, Heat Transfer-Soviet Research, 5, n4,
42 (1973).
Owens, W. L., Two Phase Pressure Gradient, Int. Deu. in Heat Trans.,
Am. SOC.Mech. Engrs, 2,363 (1961).
Souhar, M., and G. Cognet, Electrochemical Method for Dynamic Measurements in Two-Phase Flow, Proceedings of the Dynamic Flow
Conference, Marseille, 363 (1978).
Souhar, M., Etude du Frottement Parietal dans les ficoulements Diphasiques en Conduite Verticale, cas des Rbgimes h Bulles et B Poches,
These de Docteur-Ingbnieur, INPL, Nancy (1979).
Munuscript receioed January 13,1981;reoision receioed February 16,and accepted
March 4,1982.
March, 1984
Page 341
~~~I~IIUI-LLL-I.~~UII.~..LI..LI.~.LI
. 4 5 .5Q - 5 5 .6O - 6 5
O.40
Qm
I-II_LU~I_L.I_I.I_I_ILL~-LLL.LJ_LL
.hU
.70
. UIMENSIONLESS
.75
.80
.90
.85
THROUGHPUT
Figure 1. Dimensionless fan curves for Trane Co., belt drive, backward inclined fans. Static pressures vary from 93.4 to 498 N/m2; rotor speeds, 57.2 to 250
radls; power, 59.7 to 3,330 W; and the delivery, 0.396 to 3.175 m3/s. A = the 0.343-m wheel diameter; 0 = 0.381 m;# = 0.464 m; and = 0.508-m wheel
diameter fan. The curves for the 0.343 and 0.381 m fans are indlstinguishableas are the curves for ttve 0.464 and 0.508 m.
Page 342
March, 1984
D I M E N S I O N L E S S FRN C U R V E C H R R R C T E R I S T I C S
F O R W R R D C U R V E D : 13 15 v 1 8 v 2 0 , 2 2
9
12.1
11.-
10. -
9. -
8.
7.
6.
5.-
4.-
Qu
DIMENSIONLESS THROUGHPUT
Figure 2. Dimensionless fan curves for Trane Co., belt drive, forward curved fans. The range of values of operating condltions are: static pressure, 93.4 to 498
N/m2; rotor speed, 56.8 to 250 rad/s; power, 112 to 3,670 W and air delivery, 0.396 to 3.473 m3/s. octagons = 0.343-m wheel diameter fan; triangle = 0.381-m
fan; diamond = 0.464 m fan; asterisk = 0.508-m fan; and star = 0.565-m diameter fan.
March, 1984
Page 343
W
K
.751
2.ooE
-OOE
.751
I-
.soE
Qr
DIMENSIONLESS THROUGHPUT
m
W
!-
LILUU.LLIl.I.1.
- 3 7 5 .400 - 4 2 5
u l d - u L l . u ~ - ~ - L u . d d
'O.350
Qx
- 4 5 0 - 4 7 5 .SO0
.525
.550
.575
.600
.625
-650
U I M E N S I O N L E S S THROIJGHPUT
Figure 3. Dimensionless fan curves for lrane Co., Model 0, axial-flow fans. Values of the operatlng conditions vary over a large range: static pressure, 62.3
to 2,864 N/m2; rotor speed, 22.8 to 258 radls; power, 544 to 257,590 W; and alr delivery, 3.68 l o 74.1 m3/s. diamond = 0.838-m wheel diameter fan; crossed
square = 1.130-m fan; asterlsk = 1.378-m fan; star = 1.854-m fan; and square = 2.051-m dlameter fan. Performance curves for live fan sizes form a single
curve over a very wide range of operating condltlons.
Page 344
March, 1984
Q* = Q/ND3
--
-f(Q*)
pN2D2
-Q*Ap* - G(Re,Q*)
-A
' 'HP - d Q * )
(3)
A P / N 2 = fn(Q/N)
(4)
(5)
(continuity)
V* v* = 0
D v*
-= - [V* v*v*]
(motion)
Dt* Re
At the inlet
Q* = Q/ND3
(6)
- V*P*
(10)
*P
= rotor diameter ( L )
E* = dimensionlessefficiency, Q A P / H P
f = experimentally determined function
F
g
g
G
HP
N
Np
p
= -a
AP
P*
Q
Q*
r
Re
t
t*
v
v*
ar
(7)
LITERATURE CITED
(8)
Other boundary conditions serve primarily to establish fan geometry and need not be considered explicitly.
It follows from this description that both the pressure distribution
P*(r/D)and the velocity distribution v*(r/D) are functions only
of Re and Q*. It follows then that
(9)
which is as far as dimensional analysis can take us. Similarly, dimensionless efficiency is a function of these same variables:
--A'
and
-F(Re,Q*)
I''
pN2D2
As examples:
Manusaipt received April 21,1982;revision receiued June 19, and accepted August
27, 1982.
March, 1984
Page 345