LEWIS CODE

Mod 1 pt 1
The Four Perspectives
Technological Determinism
This perspective examines change in telematics and urban change as a
rather simple and straightforward relationship. Change in the city is seen to
be a direct result of change in telematics or as a reaction to technological
innovation or technological invention. Urban change, given the simplified
relationship that is theorized, is seen as being unalterable and inevitable
and, I suppose by extension, highly predictable. Change in the physical form
of the city of its buildings, roads, the layout of its parks and the location of
its many activity centres is determined by the type of technologies that
are used in the city. In turn, the socioeconomic structure of the city will be
determined by technological adoption as would social movements and
public actions/reactions
Utopianism (or Futurism)
At first glance of the diagram above utopianism would seem to be very
similar to
technological determinism. I suppose in a way there are strong similarities
between the two perspectives. But utopianism, in effect, passes judgment on
the nature of the changes that are induced by the adoption and
implementation of new telematics. This perspective sees the resulting
changes in cities as largely positive in nature in that telematics innovation
are seen as making the city a better place to live and work now and in the
future. Utopianism does allow that not all changes in the past have resulted
in improvements but would suggest that the next technological innovation
will most likely take care of these problems. City development is seen to be a
continuous cycle of innovation, city change in response to such innovation
and a further tinkering (technologybased) with problem areas down the road.
In short, a technological fix for cities that allows for the occasional glitch that
the perspective assumes will be eliminated the next time around.
Dystopianism (or the Political Economy viewpoint)

Technology is no longer presented as a determinant of urban change or a

wonderful solution to difficult problems. Technological innovation is seen as
just another way to make money to accumulate capital provided that
you can convince consumers to purchase your product. Changes to the built

form and the social fabric of the city are just consequences of the process
of capital accumulation.
Urban change is not seen as being undertaken to achieve improvement, but
only to facilitate the process of capital accumulation.
SCOT (Social Construction of Technology view point)
The SCOT perspective also views technology as being a part of society but it
differs from
dystopianism in a significant way. The SCOT perspective theorizes that
society, as a whole (not just the capitalist class), have a role to play in
setting the agenda for change. Capitalism is recognized as being a part of
the process, but only one part. The SCOT perspective is based on the idea
that individuals, communities and institutions have a role to play in the
decisions to implement or reject telematics innovation. In other words,
society (as a whole) has choices to make at each and every step (adopting
some changes and rejecting others) all the while shaping the way in which
technology is adopted. This perspective is very much rooted in analyses of
the nature of the city that has preceded it the historical context which
conditions current decision-making. Understanding extant socioeconomic
and technological processes and how they came to be is important here.

Mod 1 pt 2
-intro to urban cities
-four properties of cities (proximity, production, capitalization, management)
Mod 1 pt 3
-The Canadian urban system
-Historical development of North American system ( Vances Mercantile
Model)

Mod 2 pt 1
-historical evolution of urban places
-Sjoberg model preindustrial city (social status, distance)
-transitional city
Mod 2 pt 2

-industrial revolution (power/energy, communication, transportation)

-transportation reordered urban space

Mod 2 pt 3
-impact of industrial revolution (movement of people, social impact,
industrial city, social stratification)
-long term impact

Mod 3 pt 1 city grows out

-technology and the skyscraper
-Alonsos bid-rent model in relation to CBD
-two key factors (larger cities, easier to interact)
-benefits of skyscrapers
Mod 3 pt 2
-transportation (streetcars, mass transit)
-satellite cities

Mod 3 pt 3 studying the city

-Chicago school of sociology
-EW Burgess concentric zone model
Zone 1: Central Business District contains department stores, theatres, hotels,
banks, and office buildings.
Zone 2: Zone of Transition contains cheap housing for immigrants and other low
income households as well as mixed industrial land uses. This area is the centre of
illegal activities in the city -- the red light district, crime, vice, etc.
Zone 3: Zone of Working Men's Homes contains second generation immigrant and
rural migrant households.
Zone 4: Zone of Better Residences contains middle class households living in

singlefamily-detached homes.
Zone 5: Commuter Zone includes the newest suburbs and satellite towns.

-social gradient opposite of sjoberg

-Homer Hoyt Sectorial model
-RA Murdie factorial ecology model
Mod 4 pt 1
-the modern city and its infostructure
- four pillars for understanding the modern industrial city identified by
Graham and Marvin 1. The ideal of progress and modernization were
achieved through infrastructural monopolies.
2. That urban planning developed in support of and supported by the same
environment of progress and modernization.
3. That modernization as an ideal became integrated into our way of life
through homebased consumption.
4. That municipalities and nation states reason-for-being came to be based
on the notion of providing uniform, centralized infrastructure networks.
Mod 4 pt 2
-suburban sprawl
-what urban sprawl means
-community grown, changing cities, baby boom
-John Maynard Keynes Keyneysian theory
-Quite simply, Keynes expressed the view that governments should not be afraid to
spend money to ensure a healthy level of employment. The idea here is that, if you
pump money into the economy by ensuring employment, that employment
generates economic activity. In Keynes view, governments should spend money in
lean times to prime the economy and save money in boom times in anticipation of
lean times.

Mod 4 pt 3
-William Levitt Levittown

Mod 5 pt -1
-Fordism
-scales of economy
-its impact on Canada

Mod 5 pt 2
-oil shock, before and after
-The Evolution of the Location of Manufacturing Activities

Mod 5 pt 3
-The modern city ideal
-markham as an example.
-prototypical post-modern city

Mod 6 pt 1
-global urbanization
-future of cities
-3 forms of urbanization
-globalization a good thing, economic globalization
-political globalization
-cultural urbanization
Mod 6 pt 2
-urbanism and the future of cities
-General motors view of the future
-aldous Huxley AF after Ford

-Fritz Lang Metropolis Film

-technology and future of cities
-archipelago economy

PEGGY KEALL
Mod 7 pt 1
-History of Computers
-blaise pascal, pascaline
-Charles babbage difference engine, analytical engine
-Ada lovelace first programmer, brilliant mathematician that helped
babbage
-alan turing
-univac and digital computing and different generations
-Moores law about processors
Mod 7 pt 2
-TABLE OF HISTORY - arpanet, tcp/ip, e-mail, hypertext, www. etc
Mod 7 pt 3
-WWW, html, apple,
-internet growth,
-impact of computers and the internet
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