NCERT SanskritTextBook

ikBkuqØef.
kdk
i`"BkÄïk%
iqjksoko~Q iii
Hkwfedk vii
eÄõye~ 1
izFke% ikB% vdkjkUr&iq¡fYyÄõ% 2
f}rh;% ikB% vkdkjkUr&L=khfYkÄ%õ 12
r`rh;% ikB% vdkjkUr&uiqaldfYkÄõ% 21
prqFkZ% ikB% loZuke&iz;ksx% 32
i×pe% ikB% f}rh;k&foHkfDr%] y`V~ydkj% p 39
"k"B% ikB% vga uekfe (i|ikB%) 46
lIre% ikB% leqnzrV% (r`rh;k&prqFkhZ&foHkfDr%) 50
v"Ve% ikB% vLekoaQ fo|ky;% (i×peh&"k"Bh&foHkfDr%) 57
uoe% ikB% m|kufogkj% (lIreh&foHkfDr%] la[;kokfpinkfu p) 64
n'ke% ikB% uhfr'yksdk% (foHkfDriqujko`fÙk%) 70
,dkn'k% ikB% cdL; izrhdkj% (vO;;iz;ksx%) 74
}kn'k% ikB% lkse'keZfirq% dFkk 79
=k;ksn'k% ikB% lqHkkf"krkfu 84
prqnZ'k% ikB% ;equk fo"kjfgrk tkrk 88
i×pn'k% ikB% ekrqypUnz!! (ckyxhre~) 93
ifjf'k"Ve~ dkjd&foHkfDr&ifjp;%] 'kCn:ikf.k] /krq:ikf.k p 98
izFke% ikB%
'kCnifjp;% vdkjkUr&i¡fq YyÄ%õ
Nk=k% f'k{kd% Ñ"kd%
e;wj% dkd% 'kqd%
oqQDoqQj% v'o% o`"kHk%
¯lg% HkYywd% xt%
?kV% nhid% nwjHkk"k%

e.Mwd% eRL;% edj%
pUnz% lw;%Z diksr%
fcMky% ew"kd% uoqQy%
lkSfpd% jtd% o`¼%
rky% i;ZÄï% fo|qíhi%

3
vdkjkUr&iq¡fYyÄõ%
,"k% d%\
,"k% osQ'ko%A
osQ'ko% ¯d djksfr\
osQ'ko% uefrA
¯d l% fy[kfr\
ufg] l% u fy[kfr]
l% uefrA
,rkS dkS\
,rkS ckydkSA
ckydkS ¯d oqQ#r%\
ckydkS iBr%A
¯d rkS fy[kr%\
ufg] rkS u fy[kr%]
rkS iBr%A
,rs osQ\
,rs okujk%A
okujk% ¯d oqQoZfUr\
okujk% [kknfUrA
¯d rs owQnZfUr\
ufg] rs u owQnZfUr]
rs [kknfUrA
4
#fpjk
#fpjk& &izFizkeks
Fkeks Hkkx%
Hkkx%
,"k% d%\
,"k% v'o%A
v'o% ¯d djksfr\
v'o% /kofrA
¯d l% fr"Bfr\
ufg] l% u fr"Bfr]
l% /kofrA
,rkS dkS\
,rkS xtkSA
xtkS ¯d oqQ#r%\
xtkS pyr%A
¯d rkS /kor%\
ufg] rkS u /kor%]
rkS pyr%A
,rs osQ\
,rs e;wjk%A
e;wjk% ¯d oqQoZfUr\
e;wjk% u`R;fUrA
¯d rs fopjfUr\
ufg] rs u fopjfUr]
rs rq u`R;fUrA
5
'kCnkFkkZ%
,"k% (iqa-) μ ;g
d% (iqa-) μ dkSu
djksfr μ djrk gS@djrh gS
uefr μ ueLdkj djrk gS@djrh gSS
l% (iqa-) μ og
fy[kfr μ fy[krk gS@fy[krh gS
ufg (vO;;) μ ugha
,rkS (iqa-) μ ;s nks (nksuksa)
dkS (iqa-) μ dkSu (nks)
oqQ#r% μ (nks) djrs gSa@djrh gSa
iBr% μ (nks) i<+rs gaS@i<+rh gSa
rkS (iqa-) μ os nks (nksuksa)
,rs (iqa-) μ ;s lc
osQ (iqa-) μ (vusd) dkSu
okujk% μ (vusd) cUnj
oqQoZfUr μ djrs gSa@djrh gSa
[kknfUr μ [kkrs gSa@[kkrh gSa
rs (iqa-) μ os lc
owQnZfUr μ owQnrs gSa@owQnrh gSa
v'o% μ ?kksM+k
/kofr μ nkSM+rk gS@nkSM+rh gS
fr"Bfr μ Bgjrk gS@Bgjrh gS
xtkS μ nks gkFkh
pyr% μ (nks) pyrs gSa@pyrh gSa
6
#fpjk & izFkeks Hkkx%
/kor% μ (nks) nkSM+rs gSa@nkSM+rh gSa
e;wjk% μ (vusd) eksj
u`R;fUr μ ukprs gaS@ukprh gSa
fopjfUr μ ?kwers gSa@?kwerh gSa
vH;kl%
1- ekSf[kde~ mPPkkj.ka oqQ#r&
f'k{kd & f'k{kd%
;qod & ;qod%
?kV & ?kV%
nhid & nhid%
oqQDoqQj & oqQDoqQj%
jk"Vªèot & jk"Vªèot%
2- (d) inkuka o.kZfoPNsna izn'kZ;r&
;Fkk& uj% ¾ u~ $ v $ j~ $ v%
u j%
djksfr ¾ ---------------------------------------------------------
ckydk% ¾ ---------------------------------------------------------
Nk=k% ¾ ---------------------------------------------------------
v'ok% ¾ ---------------------------------------------------------
7
([k) o.kZl;
a kstusu ina fy[kr&
;Fkk& n~ $ ½ $ 'k~ $ ;~ $ v $ e~ ¾ n`';e~
o~ $ vk $ u~ $ v $ j~ $ v% ¾
i~ $ v $ B~ $ v $ u~ $ r~ $ b ¾
d~ $ m $ j~ $ o~ $ v $ u~ $ r~ $ b ¾
/~ $ vk $ o~ $ v $ u~ $ r~ $ b ¾
3- mnkgj.ka n`"V~ok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& fid% fidkS fidk%
----------- dkdkS -----------
dPNi% ----------- -----------

----------- ----------- foMkyk%
----------- e`xkS -----------
?kV% ----------- -----------
4- fp=kkf.k n`"V~ok laLÑrinkfu fy[kr&
----------------- ----------------- -----------------
8
----------------- ----------------- -----------------
5- fp=ka n`"V~ok mÙkja fy[kr&

;Fkk& ckyd% ¯d djksfs r\
ckyd% iBfrA
v'okS ¯d oqQ#r%\
----------------------------
Nk=kk% ¯d oqQoZfUr\
----------------------------
9
okujk% ¯d oqQoZfUr\
----------------------------
e;wjkS ¯d oqQ#r%\
----------------------------
xt% ¯d djksfr\
----------------------------
6- inkfu la;ksT; okD;kfu jp;r&

o`{k% pyfUr
xtk% xk;fr
¯lgkS iBr%
xk;d% u`R;fUr
ckydkS xtZr%
HkYywdk% iQyfr
10
7- e×tw"kkr% ina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
u`R;fUr xtZr% /kofr pyr% iQyfUr [kknfr
(d) e;wjk% --------------A (?k) ¯lgkS --------------A
([k) xtkS --------------A (Ä) okuj% --------------A
(x) o`{kk% --------------A (p) v'o% --------------A
8- l%] rkS] rs bR;srHs ;% mfpra loZukeina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& v'o% /kofrA & l% /kofrA
(d) xtk% pyfUrA & -------------- pyfUrA
([k) Nk=kkS fy[kr%A & -------------- fy[kr%A
(x) okujk% ØhMfUrA & -------------- ØhMfUrA
(?k) xk;d% xk;frA & -------------- xk;frA
(Ä) o`{kkS iQyr%A & -------------- iQyr%A
è;krO;e~&
(d) laLÑrs =khf.k fyÄõkfu HkofUr& iq¡fYyÄaõ] L=khfyÄaõ] uiqaldfyÄõ×pA
([k) laLÑrs =k;% iq#"kk% HkofUr& izFkeiq#"k%] eè;eiq#"k%] mÙkeiq#"k'pA
(x) laLÑrs =khf.k opukfu HkofUr& ,dopua] f}opua] cgqopu×pA
11
f}rh;% ikB%
'kCnifjp;% vkdkjkUr&L=khfYkÄõ%
Nk=kk f'kf{kdk ifjpkfjdk
pVdk vtk fiihfydk
ukSdk oqQf×pdk ?kfVdk
ikd'kkyk f}pfØdk nksyk
mRihfBdk tofudk lwfpdk

isfVdk vfXuisfVdk Nqfjdk
[kV~ok iz;ksx'kkyk fnunf'kZdk
ekfidk ekyk rqyk
ikB'kkyk
ef{kdk o`¼k ikB'kkyk
oh.kk flDFkofrZdk yrk

13
vkdkjkUr&L=khfYkÄõ%
,"k% d%\
,"k% jkts'k%A
l% ¯d djksfr\
l% glfrA
,"kk dk\
,"kk f'kf{kdkA
lk ¯d djksfr\
lk fy[kfrA
¯d lk iBfr\
lk u iBfr] lk rq fy[kfrA
,rkS dkS\
,rkS ckydkSA
rkS ¯d oqQ#r%\
rkS [ksyr%A
,rs osQ\
,rs vtsA
rs ¯d oqQ#r%\
rs pjr%A
¯d rs ficr%\
rs u ficr%] rs rq pjr%A
14
,rs osQ\
,rs ckydk%A
rs ¯d oqQoZfUr\
rs ØUnfUrA
¯d rs iBfUr\
rs u iBfUr] rs rq ØUnfUr
,rk% dk%\
,rk% ckfydk%A
¯d rk% ØhMfUr\
ufg] rk% u`R;fUrA
,"kk dk vfLr\
,"kk okfVdk vfLrA
v=k tukS Hkzer%A
v=k yrk% dfydk% p lfUrA
Hkzejk% xq×tfUrA
pVdk% fogjfUrA
'kCnkFkkZ%
,"kk (L=kh-) & ;g
dk (L=kh-] loZuke) & dkSu
lk (L=kh-) & og
15
,rs (L=kh-) & ;s nks
vts (L=kh-) & nks cdfj;k¡
rs (L=kh-) & os nks
pjr% & (nks) pjrs gSa@pjrh gSa
ficr% & (nks) ihrs gSa@ihrh gSa
ØUnfUr & jksrs gSa@jksrh gSa
,rk% (L=kh-) & ;s lc
rk% (L=kh-) & os lc
okfVdk & cxhpk
v=k (vO;;) & ;gk¡
tukS & nks yksx
Hkzer% & (nks) ?kwers gSa@?kwerh gSa
dfydk% & dfy;k¡
lfUr & gSa
Hkzejk% & HkkSajs
xq×tfUr & xw¡trs gSa@xw¡trh gSa
pVdk% & (vusd) xkSjS;k
fogjfUr & fopj.k djrs gSa@djrh gSa
vH;kl%
1- mPPkkj.ka oqQ#r&
(d) ckyd% ckfydk
f'k{kd% f'kf{kdk
uk;d% ukf;dk
xk;d% xkf;dk
l% lk
16
([k) fiihfydk fiihfyosQ fiihfydk%
lk rs rk%
ckfydk ckfyosQ ckfydk%
?kfVdk ?kfVosQ ?kfVdk%
dfydk dfyosQ dfydk%
2- (d) v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka o.kZfoPNsna izn'kZ;r&

;Fkk& f'kf{kdk ¾ 'k~ $ b $ o~Q $ "k~ $ b $ o~Q $ vk
f'k f{k dk
okfVdk ¾ ------------------------------------------------------
o`{kk% ¾ ------------------------------------------------------
Hkzejk% ¾ ------------------------------------------------------
izKk ¾ ------------------------------------------------------
fo|k ¾ ------------------------------------------------------
([k) o.kZla;kstua ÑRok ina dks"BosQ fy[kr&

;Fkk& x~$m$×k~$t~$v$u~$r~$b ¾ xq×tfUr
v$/~$;~$vk$i~$b$d~$vk ¾
d~$m$j~$m$r~$v% ¾
'k~$m$n~$/~$v% ¾
l~$r~$j~$bZ$y~$b$Ä~$x~$v% ¾
17
'k~$j~$bZ$e~$v$r~$bZ ¾
l~$j~$vks$r~$v% ¾
3- fp=ka n`"V~ok laLÑr'kCna fy[kr&
-------------------- -------------------- --------------------
-------------------- -------------------- --------------------
4- dks"Bdkr~ mfpra 'kCna fpRok okD;a iwj;r&

;Fkk& ckfydk iBfrA (ckfydk@ckfydk%)
(d) ----------------- xq×tfrA (Hkzej%@Hkzejk%)
([k) ----------------- pyr%A (fiihfydk%@fiihfyosQ)
(x) ----------------- vfLrA (rwfydk@rwfyosQ)
(?k) ----------------- lfUrA (f}pfØosQ@f}pfØdk%)
(Ä) ----------------- pjfUrA (vtk%@vts)
18
5- opukuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
;Fkk& yrk yrs yrk%
xhrk ----------- -----------
----------- isfVosQ -----------
----------- ----------- [kV~ok%
lk ----------- -----------
----------- jksfVosQ -----------
6- l%] lk] rs] rk%] rkS bR;ssrsH;% mfpra loZukeina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu
iwj;r&
;Fkk& yrk vfLrA & lk vfLrA
(d) efgyk% glfUrA & ------------- glfUrA
([k) lq/k onfrA & ------------- onfrA
(x) v'o% èkkofrA & ------------- èkkofrA
(?k) ckydkS i';r%A & ------------- i';r%A
(Ä) Hkzejk% xq×tfUrA & ------------- xq×tfUrA
19
7- e×tw"kkr% drZìna fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
HkDrk% vts ckyd% flagk% f}pfØdk
(d) --------------- pjr%A

([k) --------------- xtZfUrA
(x) --------------- uefUrA
(?k) --------------- glfrA
(Ä) --------------- pyfrA
8- e×tw"kkr% drZìnkuqlkja fØ;kina fpRok 'kwU;LFkkua iwj;r&

xk;r% u`R;fr fy[kfUr i';fUr fogjr%
(d) jek --------------------A

([k) pVosQ -----------------A
(x) ckfyosQ --------------A
(?k) Nk=kk% -----------------A
(Ä) tuk% ------------------A
20
r`rh;% ikB%
'kCnifjp;% vdkjkUr&uiql
a dfyÄõ%
i.kZe~ iQye~ lÄõ.kde~
e~
j?kqoa'k
iqLrde~ orqy
Z e~ x`ge~
vk;re~ fo|qnO~ ;tue~ ik=ke~
lw{en'kZde~ jsy;kue~ N=ke~
eqo
q Qq Ve~ ok|e~ }kje~
okrk;ue~ mius=ke~ lksikue~
uhMe~ i×tje~ foekue~
ØhMude~ djoL=ke~ Hkoue~
nwjn'kZue~ ukfjosQye~ m|kue~
deye~ dÄrï e~ lw=ke~

22
,rr~ fde~ vfLr\
,rr~ iQye~ vfLrA
,rs osQ Lr%\

,rs iQys Lr%A
,rkfu dkfu lfUr\

,rkfu iQykfu lfUrA
fde~ ,rs iq"is\

,rs iq"is u Lr%A
,rs i.ksZ Lr%A
fde~ ,rkfu iqLrdkfu\

u] ,rkfu eqoQq VkfuA
23
vdkjkUr&uiqaldfyÄõ%
,rkfu dkfu lfUr\
,rkfu foekukfu lfUrA
v=k ckyk% foaQ oqQoZfUr\

v=k ckyk% ØhMfUrA
¯d ;kukfu pyfUr\
u] osQoya pØkf.k pyfUrA
,"kk dk\
,"kk ckfydkA
fde~ v=k oh.kk% lfUr\

u] v=k ,dk ,o oh.kk vfLrA
24
,rs osQ Lr%\
,rs N=ks Lr%A
fde~ v=k jsy;kukfu lfUr\

u] v=k dkj;kus Lr%A
fde~ ,rr~ ok|e~\

u] ,rr~ tyik=ke~A
,rs osQ\
,rs O;tus Lr%A
dkfu ,rkfu\
,rkfu i.kkZfuA
fde~ ,rr~ foekue~\

u] ,"k% [kx%A
[kx% mRirfrA
25
'kCnkFkkZ%
,rr~ (uiq-a ) & ;g

iQye~ (uiq-a ) & iQy
,rs (uiq-a ) & (nks) ;s
,rkfu (uiq-a ) & (vusd) ;s
dkfu (uiq-a ) & dkSu
iq"is (uiq-a ) & nks iwQy
i.ksZ (uia-q ) & nks iÙks
eqoQq Vkfu (uia-q ) & (vusd) rkt@eqoQq V
foekukfu (uia-q ) & (vusd) gokbZ tgkt
;kukfu (uia-q ) & (vusd) xkM+h
osQ (uia-q ) & (nks) dkSu
Lr% (uia-q ) & (nks) gSa
N=ks (uia-q ) & nks Nkrk
jsy;kukfu (uia-q ) & (vusd) jsyxkM+h
dkj;kus (uia-q ) & nks dkj
ok|e~ (uia-q ) & cktk
tyik=ke~ (uia-q ) & ikuh dk cjru
O;tus (uia-q ) & nks ia[ks
,rkfu (uia-q ) & ;s lc
[kx% (ia-q ) & fpfM+;k
mRirfr & mM+rk gS@mM+rh gS
26
vH;kl%
1- ekSf[kde~ mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&

fp=ke~ fp=ks fp=kkf.k
iq"ie~ iq"is iq"ikf.k
ik=ke~ ik=ks ik=kkf.k
us=ke~ us=ks us=kkf.k
O;tue~ O;tus O;tukfu
m|kue~ m|kus m|kukfu
}kje~ }kjs }kjkf.k
2- (d) v/ksfyf[krkuka 'kCnkuka o.kZfoPNsna izn'kZ;r&

;Fkk& O;tue~ & o~ $ ;~ $ v $ t~ $ v $ u~ $ v $ e~
iqLrde~ & -----------------------------------------------------------------
fo}ku~ & -----------------------------------------------------------------
fpÉe~ & -----------------------------------------------------------------
vkÈkn% & -----------------------------------------------------------------
vkàkue~ & -----------------------------------------------------------------

27
([k) o.kZl;
a kstua ÑRok dks"BosQ ina fy[kr&
;Fkk& i~ $ j~ $ v $ g~ $ y~ $ vk $ n $ v% ¾ izÈkn%
(d) v $ i~ $ v $ j~ $ vk $ g~ $ .k~ $ v% ¾
([k) n~ $ o~ $ vk $ n~ $ v $ 'k~ $ v% ¾
(x) n~ $ o~ $ vk $ j~ $ v $ e~ ¾
(?k) o~ $ b $ 'k~ $ o~ $ vk $ l~ $ v% ¾
(Ä) i~ $ j~ $ v $ r~ $ ;~ $ v $ d~ $ "k~ $ v $ e~ ¾
3- fp=kkf.k n`"V~ok rs"kka laLÑrinkfu fy[kr&

--------------------
-------------------- --------------------
28
-------------------- --------------------
-------------------- --------------------
4- fp=ka n`"V~ok mÙkja fy[kr&

;Fkk& dkdk% ¯d oqQoZfUr\
dkdk% mRirfUrA
v'ok% ¯d oqQoZfUr\
-----------------------------
29
ckyk% ¯d oqQoZfUr\
-----------------------------
e;wjkS ¯d oqQ#r%A
-----------------------------
dkfu irfUr\
-----------------------------
ckys ¯d oqQ#r%\
-----------------------------
30
5- funs'Z kkuqlkja okD;kfu jp;r&
;Fkk& ,rr~ irfrA (cgqopus) & ,rkfu irfUrA
(d) ,rr~ iQye~A (cgqopus) & ------------------------------
([k) ,rs O;tusA (,dopus) & ------------------------------
(x) ,rkfu ;kukfuA (f}opus)s & ------------------------------
(?k) Hkzej% xq×tfrA (cgqopus) & ------------------------------
(Ä) e;wj% u`R;frA (f}opus) & ------------------------------
6- mfprinkfu la;ksT; okD;kfu jp;r&

dksfdys fodlfr
iou% u`R;fUr
iq"ie~ mRirfr
[kx% ogfr
e;wjk% xtZfUr
¯lgk% owQtr%
31
prqFkZ% ikB%
loZuke&iz;ksx%
,"k% fo|ky;%A
v=k Nk=kk%] f'k{kdk%]
f'kf{kdk% p lfUrA
,"kk lÄ.õ kd;U=k&iz;ksx'kkyk vfLrA

,rkfu lÄ.õ kd;U=kkf.k lfUrA
,rr~ vLekoaQ fo|ky;L;

m|kue~ vfLrA
m|kus iq"ikf.k lfUrA
o;e~ v=k ØhMke% iBke% pA
½pk & ro uke fde~\
iz.ko% & ee uke iz.ko%A ro uke fde~\
½pk & ee uke ½pkA Roa oqQ=k iBfl\
iz.ko% & vge~ v=k ,o iBkfeA
½pk & vge~ vfi v=k ,o iBkfeA
bnkuhe~ vkoka fe=ks Lo%A
f'kf{kdk& Nk=kk%! ;w;a ¯d oqQq #Fk\

Nk=kk% & vkpk;s!Z o;a xPNke%A
f'kf{kdk& ;w;a oqQ=k xPNFk\
Nk=kk% & o;a lHkkxkja xPNke%A
f'kf{kdk& ;q"ekoaQ iqLrdkfu oqQ=k lfUr\
Nk=kk% & vLekoaQ iqLrdkfu v=k lfUrA
f'k{kd% &
Nk=kkS! ;qoka ¯d oqQ#Fk%\
Nk=kkS &
vkpk;Z! vkoka 'yksoQa xk;ko%A
f'k{kd% &
'kksHkue~] ¯d ;qoka 'yksoQa u fy[kFk%\
Nk=kkS &
vkoka fy[kko%] iBko%] xk;ko%]
fp=kkf.k vfi jp;ko%A
f'k{kd% & cgq'kksHkue~A
33
loZuke&iz;ksx%
'kCnkFkkZ%
lÄ.õ kd;U=kkf.k & (vusd) dEI;wVj
vLekde~ & gekjk@ge yksxksa dk
o;e~ (loZuke) & ge lc
ro & rsjk
ee & esjk
Roe~ (loZuke) & rqe
vge~ (loZuke) & eSa
,o (vO;;) & gh
vfi (vO;;) & Hkh
bnkuhe~ (vO;;) & vc@bl le;
vkoke~ (loZuke) & ge nksuksa
fe=ks (uiq-a ) & (nks) fe=k
Lo% & (ge nksuks)a gSa
;w;e~ (loZuke) & rqe lc
vkpk;s!Z & f'kf{kdk (lEcks/u)
;q"ekde~ & rqEgkjk@rqe yksxksa dk
oqQ=k & dgk¡
lHkkxkje~ & lHkkxkj dks
;qoke~ (loZuke) & rqe nksuksa
vkpk;Z! & xq#@f'k{kd (lEcks/u)
'kksHkue~ & vPNk
xk;ko% & (ge nks) xkrs gS@a xkrh gSa
jp;ko% & (ge nks) cukrs gS@a cukrh gSa
34
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
vge~ vkoke~ o;e~
eke~ vkoke~ vLeku~
ee vko;ks% vLekde~
Roe~ ;qoke~ ;w;e~
Roke~ ;qoke~ ;q"eku~
ro ;qo;ks% ;q"ekde~
2- funs'Z kkuqlkja ifjorZua oqQ#r&

;Fkk& vga iBkfeA & (cgqopus) & o;a iBke%A
(d) vga u`R;kfeA & (cgqopus) & --------------------------------
([k) Roa iBflA & (cgqopus) & --------------------------------
(x) ;qoka ØhMFk%A & (,dopus) & --------------------------------
(?k) vkoka xPNko%A & (cgqopus) & --------------------------------
(Ä) vLekda iqLrdkfuA & (,dopus) & --------------------------------
(p) ro x`ge~A & (f}opus) & --------------------------------
35
loZuke&iz;ksx%
3- dks"Bdkr~ mfpra 'kCna fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) -------------------- iBkfeA (o;e~@vge~)
([k) -------------------- xPNFk%A (;qoke~@;w;e~)
(x) ,rr~ -------------------- iqLrde~A (eke~@ee)
(?k) -------------------- ØhMudkfuA (;q"eku~@;q"ekde~)
(Ä) -------------------- Nk=ks Lo%A (o;e~@vkoke~)
(p) ,"kk -------------------- ys[kuhA (ro@Roke~)

4- fØ;kinS% okD;kfu iwj;r&
iBfl /koke% xPNko% ØhMFk% fy[kkfe i';Fk
;Fkk& vga iBkfeA
(d) Roa ---------------------
([k) vkoka -----------------
(x) ;w;a --------------------
(?k) vgaa -------------------
(Ä) ;qoka -------------------
(p) o;a --------------------
36
5- mfprinS% okD;fuekZ.ka oqQ#r&
ee ro vko;ks% ;qo;ks% vLekde~ ;q"ekde~
;Fkk& ,"kk ee iqfLrdkA
(d) ,rr~ ------------------------ x`ge~A
([k) ------------------------ eS=kh n`<kA
(x) ,"k% ------------------------ fo|ky;%A
(?k) ,"kk ------------------------ vè;kfidkA
(Ä) Hkkjre~ ------------------------ ns'k%A
(p) ,rkfu ------------------------ iqLrdkfuA
6- ,dopuinL; cgqopuina] cgqopuinL; ,dopuina p fy[kr&
;Fkk& ,"k% ,rs
(d) l% ------------
([k) rk% ------------
(x) ,rk% ------------
(?k) Roe~ ------------
(Ä) vLekde~ ------------
(p) ro ------------
(N) ,rkfu ------------

37
loZuke&iz;ksx%
7- okrkZykis fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& fiz;o
a nk & 'koqQURkys! Roa ¯d djksf"k\
'koqQUryk & fiz;oa ns! ------------------ u`R;kfe] ------------------ ¯d djksf"k\
a nk & 'koqQURkys! ------------------ xk;kfeA ¯d ------------------ u xk;fl\
fiz;o
'koqQUryk & fiz;oa ns! ------------------ u xk;kfeA ------------------ rq u`R;kfeA
a nk & 'koqQURkys! ¯d ------------------ ekrk u`R;frA
fiz;o
'koqQUryk & vke~] ------------------ ekrk vfi u`R;frA
a nk & lk/q] ------------------ pyko%A
fiz;o
8- mi;qDrsu vFksuZ lg ;kst;r&
'kCn% vFkZ%
lk rqe nksuksa dk
rkfu rqe lc
vLekde~ esjk
;w;e~ og (L=khfyÄõ)
vkoke~ rqEgkjk
ee os (uiql
a dfyÄõ)
;qo;ks% ge nksuksa
ro gekjk
38
i×pe% ikB%
f}rh;k&foHkfDr%] y`Vy
~ dkj% p
vfHkuo% & ef.kosQ! izHkkr! ;qoka oqQ=k xPNFk%\

ef.kdk & vfHkuo! vkoka tUrq'kkyka xPNko%A
vfHkuo% & r=k ;qoka ¯d ¯d nz{;Fk%\
izHkkr% & r=k vkoke~ vusdku~ i'kwu~ nz{;ko%A
ef.kdk & ¯d r=k ¯lgk%] HkYywdk%] gfj.kk% lfUr\
vfHkuo% & vke~] r=k okujk%] xtk%] x.Mdk%] edjk%] O;k?kzk% vfi lfUrA
r=k ;qoka 'k'kdku~] 'kYydha] ukukfoèkku~ [kxku~ vfi nz{;Fk%A
izHkkr% & vfHkuo! ¯d tUrq'kkyk;ka likZ% vfi Hkfo";fUr\
vfHkuo% & izHkkr! r=k ukxk%] vtxjk%] Ñ".klikZ%] vU;s p fofo/k% likZ%
Hkfo";fUrA
ef.kdk & izHkkr! bnkuhe~ vkoka tUrq'kkyka xfe";ko%A
(mHkkS tUrq'kkyka izfo'kr%] fofo/ku~ tUrwu]~ [kxku~ p i';r%A)
ef.kdk & izHkkr! vkoke~ bnkuha JkUrkS] v/quk foJkea dfj";ko%A
izHkkr% & ef.kosQ! v=k vYikgkjx`ge~ vfi Hkfo";frA r=k xPNko%A
(mHkkS vYikgkjx`ga xPNr%)
ef.kdk & izHkkr! v=k fe"VkÂkfu] 'khryis;kfu p lfUrA
izHkkr% & 'kksHkue~] v/quk vkoka fe"VkÂkfu [kkfn";ko%] 'khryis;kfu p

ikL;ko%A rr% x`ga pfy";ko%A
'kCnkFkkZ%
nz{;Fk% & (rqe nksuks)a ns[kksx@s ns[kksxh

¯lg% & 'ksj
HkYywd% & Hkkyw
gfj.k% & fgj.k
40
xtk% & (vusd) gkFkh
x.Mdk% & (vusd) xs.Mk
edjk% & (vusd) exjePN
O;k?kzk% & (vusd) ck?k
'k'kdku~ & [kjxks'kksa dks
'kYydhe~ & lkgh dks
ukukfo/ku~ [kxku~ & vusd izdkj osQ if{k;ksa dks
likZ% & (vusd) lk¡i
ukxk% & (vusd) ukx
vtxjk% & (vusd) vtxj
Ñ".klikZ% & (vusd) dkys lk¡i
izfo'kr% & (os nksuks)a izo's k djrs gS@a djrh gSa
JkUrkS & (nks) FkosQ gq,
r=k (vO;;) & ogk¡
vèkquk & vc
fe"VkÂkfu & feBkb;k¡
'khryis;kfu & 'khryis;
rr% (vO;;) & mlosQ ckn
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
(d) ckyde~ ckydkS ckydku~
jkee~ jkekS jkeku~
Nk=kk Nk=ks Nk=kk%
ekyk ekys ekyk%
iq"ie~ iq"is iq"ikf.k
O;tue~ O;tus O;tukfu
41
f}rh;k&foHkfDr%] y`V~ydkj% p
([k) [kkfn";fr [kkfn";r% [kkfn";fUr
ysf[k";fl ysf[k";Fk% ysf[k";Fk
dfj";kfe dfj";ko% dfj";ke%
uaL;fr uaL;r% uaL;fUr
ikL;fl ikL;Fk% ikL;Fk
xfe";kfe xfe";ko% xfe";ke%
2- dks"BosQ"kq iznÙk'kCns"kq mi;qDrfoHkfDar ;kstf;Rok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& vga jksfVdka [kkfn";kfeA (jksfVdk)
(d) Roa ----------------- ficflA (nqX/)
([k) Nk=k% ----------------- nz{;frA (nwjn'kZu)
(x) rk% ----------------- ysf[k";fUrA (dFkk)
(?k) o;a ----------------- xk;ke%A (dfork)
(Ä) Ñ"kdk% ----------------- oifUrA (cht)
(p) lk ----------------- xfe";frA (iqLrdky;)
3- fp=kkf.k vk/`R; okD;kfu iwj;r&
tuk% ----------------- uefUrA
42
ckfyosQ ----------------- /kj;r%A
,"kk ----------------- vfLrA
e`xk% ----------------- pjfUrA
ckydk% ----------------- [kknfUrA
4- v/ksfyf[krku~ 'kCnku~ vk/`R; lkFkZdkfu okD;kfu jp;r&

vtk% f'kf{kdka uaL;r%
o;a ys[ka jp;ke%
ckydkS r`.ka ifB";ko%
vkoka dFkka pfj";fUr
ROka iqLroaQ dFkf;";fl
jke% fp=ka ysf[k";fr
43
;Fkk& vtk% r`.ka pfj";fUrA
(d) -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
([k) -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
(x) -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
(?k) -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
(Ä) -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
5- opukuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& dforke~ dfors dfork%
------------ iqLrosQ ------------
------------ ------------ e;wjku~
Ñ"kde~ ------------ ------------
------------ ------------ r`.kkfu
ine~ ------------ ------------
6- mnkgj.kkuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
;Fkk& izFkeiq#"k% ifB";fr ifB";r% ifB";fURk
eè;eiq#"k% [kkfn";fl ---------------- ----------------
mÙkeiq#"k% ---------------- ---------------- [kkfn";ke%

44
izFkeiq#"k% ----------------------- ysf[k";r% -----------------------
eè;eiq#"k% ----------------------- ----------------------- uaL;Fk

mÙkeiq#"k% xfe";kfe ----------------------- -----------------------
7- mnkgj.kkuqlkja okD;kfu jp;r&

;Fkk& Nk=k% dFkka ifB";frA Nk=kkS dFks ifB";r%A Nk=kk% dFkk% ifB";fUrA
(d) Roa ys[ka ysf[k";flA ------------------------------A ------------------------------A
([k) ------------------------------A ckys oL=ks /kjf;";r%A ------------------------------A
(x) ------------------------------A ------------------------------A ekykdkjk% ekyk% jpf;";fUrA
(?k) vga iqLroaQ ifB";kfeA ------------------------------A ------------------------------A
(Ä) ------------------------------A ------------------------------A ckydk% iQykfu [kkfn";fUrA
8- laokns fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& jek & yrs! ¯d Roa fo|ky;a xfe";fl\
yrk & jes! vga ------------------------- u ------------------------A vga rq nsoky;a
----------------------A
jek & yrs! ¯d Roa izfrfnua nsoky;a ----------------------\

yrk & vke~! vga --------------------- nsoky;a -------------------A r=k vga izlkna
----------------------A Roa dnk nsoky;a ----------------------\
jek & vga izfrfnua lk;a nsoky;a ----------------------A izkr% rq fo|ky;a

----------------------A r=k iqLrdkfu ----------------------A
45
"k"B% ikB%
vga uekfe
vga uekfe ekrje~
xq#a uekfe lknje~ AA1AA
Lo;a iBkfe loZnk
fiz;a onkfe loZnk AA2AA
fgra djksfe loZnk
'kqHka djksfe loZnk AA3AA
gfja uekfe lknje~
xq#a uekfe lknje~ AA4AA
pykfe uhfr&lRiFks
gjkfe ekr`Hkw&O;Fkke~ AA5AA
n/kfe lk/qrkozre~
l`tkfe dhfrZlRdFkke~ AA6AA
izHkqa tikfe lknje~
vga uekfe ekrje~ AA7AA
bPNkjke f}osnh îz.ko%*

'kCnkFkkZ%
lknje~ & vknj osQ lkFk
uhfrlRiFks & uhfr osQ lPps jkLrs ij
ekr`Hkw&O;Fkke~ & ekr`Hkwfe dh O;Fkk dks
lk/qrkozre~ & lTturk osQ ozr dks
gjkfe & gj.k djrk gw@¡ djrh gw]¡ nwj djrk gw@¡ djrh gw¡
n/kfe & /kj.k djrk gw@¡ djrh gw¡
l`tkfe & jpuk djrk gw@¡ djrh gw¡
dhfrZlRdFkke~ & ;'k dh lPph dgkuh dks
vH;kl%
1- ,rka dforka lLoja xk;rA
2- dfork;k% fuEufyf[krklq ifƒ"kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) ---------------------- iBkfe loZnkA
([k) fgra ---------------------- loZnkA
(x) pykfe uhfr ----------------------A
(?k) n/kfe ---------------------- ozre~A

(Ä) izHkqa ---------------------- lknje~A
47
vga uekfe
3- ,d'kCnsu mÙkja fy[kr&
(d) vga oaQ uekfe\
([k) vga izHkqa dFka tikfe\
(x) vga ¯d gjkfe\
(?k) vga ¯d ozra n/kfe\
(Ä) vga ¯d l`tkfe\
4- ,rS% fØ;kinS% okD;kfu jp;r&
uekfe pykfe
iBkfe tikfe
l`tkfe djksfe
5- LodYiuka ÑROkk okD;kfu jp;r&
;Fkk& vga fp=ka l`tkfeA
(d) o;a ------------------- ------------------- A
([k) ------------------- ------------------- onkfeA
(x) vga ------------------- ------------------- A
(?k) ------------------- ------------------- pyke%A
(Ä) Roa ------------------- ------------------- A
48
6- iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k fy[kr&
(d) Roa fuR;a dka uefl\
([k) Roa Lo;a ¯d ¯d djksf"k\
(x) Roa dL;k% O;Fkka gfj";fl\
(?k) Roa ¯d ozra /kj;fl\
(Ä) Roa ¯d l`tfl\
7- e×tw"kkr% leqfprina x`ghRok okD;a iwj;r&
;w;e~ ckydkS Roe~ o;e~ ckfydk%
(d) -------------------------- ikia gjflA
([k) -------------------------- x`gkdk;± oqQ#r%A
(x) -------------------------- fp=kkf.k l`tFkA
(?k) -------------------------- jk"Vªxhra xk;ke%A
(Ä) -------------------------- nsoha uefUrA
è;krO;e~&
f'k{kosQu lLojxkuk; iz;kl% dj.kh;%A
49
vga uekfe
lIre% ikB%
r`rh;k&prqFkhZ&foHkfDr%
leqnrz V%
,"k% leqnrz V% vfLrA iz.ko% v=k fe=kS% lg ØhMfrA l% ckyqdkfHk% x`ga

jp;frA ckydk% dUnqoQs u ØhMfUrA rs iknsu dUnqda f{kifUrA osQpu rjÄ%Sõ lg
ØhMfUrA vijs rjÄ%Sõ lkoaQ leqPNyfUrA v=k vusdk% ukSdk% vfi lfUrA
èkhojS% lg i;ZVdk% ukSdkfHk% leqnfz ogkja oqQoZfUrA
osQpu tuk% izkr% leqnaz xPNfUrA r=k lkèko%
equ;% p LukfUrA HkDrk% nsoky;a xPNfUrA r=k rs
nsoHs ;% nsohH;% p iq"ikf.k viZ;fUr izkFkZ;fUr p&
ueks nsoHs ;% losHZ ;%
ikyosQH;ks ueks ue%A
vf[kykH;% ifo=kkH;%
nsohH;'p ueks ue%AA
rr% ija iwtd% losHZ ;% izlkna ;PNfr] mifn'kfr p&
Jks=ka JqrsuSo u oqQ.Mysu
nkusu ikf.kuZ rq dÄ.ï ksuA
foHkkfr dk;% d#.kkijk.kka
ijksidkjSuZ rq pUnusuAA
rr% tuk% f}pfØd;k] ;kusu] iknkH;ka ok Lo Lo x`ga izfr xPNfUrA
'kCnkFkkZ%
ckyqdkfHk% & jsrksa ls
jp;fr & cukrk gS@cukrh gS
iknsu & (,d) iSj ls
f{kifUr & isQa drs gS@a isQa drh gSa
osQpu (vO;;) & oqQN
rjÄ%Sõ & ygjksa ls
vijs & nwljs
lkde~ (vO;;) & lkFk
leqPNyfUr & mNyrs gS@a mNyrh gSa
vusdk% & cgqr lh
èkhojS% & eYykgksa osQ lkFk
i;ZVdk% & (vusd) i;ZVd@lSykuh
51
leqnzrV%
LukfUr & ugkrs gS@a ugkrh gSa
viZ;fUr & p<+krs gS@a p<krh gSa
vf[kykH;% ifo=kkH;% & leLr ifo=k
nsohH;% & nsfo;ksa dks
rr% ija & mlosQ ckn
iwtd% & iwtkjh
;PNfr & nsrk gS@nsrh gS
mifn'kfr & mins'k nsrk gS@nsrh gS
Jks=ke~ & dku
Jqrus o
S (Jqrus $,o) & lquus ls gh@'kkL=kksa dks lquus ls
ikf.k% & gkFk
dÄï.ksu & oaQxu ls
foHkkfr & 'kksHkk ikrk gS@ikrh gS
dk;% & 'kjhj
d#.kkijk.kke~ & n;k ls Hkjs gq, dk@Hkjh gqbZ dh
ijksidkjS% (ij$midkjS%) & nwljksa osQ midkjksa ls
f}pfØd;k & lkbfdy ls
iknkH;ke~ & nksuksa iSjksa ls
vH;kl%
1- ekSf[kde~ mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
(d) nsok; nsokH;ke~~ nsoHs ;%
bZ'ojk; bZ'ojkH;ke~ bZ'ojsH;%
ckyk; ckykH;ke~ ckysH;%
iQyk; iQykH;ke~ iQysH;%
52
([k) ukSd;k ukSdkH;ke~ ukSdkfHk%
f}pfØd;k f}pfØdkH;ke~ f}pfØdkfHk%
pVd;k pVdkH;ke~ pVdkfHk%
ckyqd;k ckyqdkH;ke~ ckyqdkfHk%
(x) iknsu iknkH;ke~ iknS%
deysu deykH;ke~ deyS%
nsous nsokH;ke~ nso%S
iq"is.k iq"ikH;ke~ iq"iS%
(?k) f'kf{kdk;S f'kf{kdkH;ke~ f'kf{kdkH;%
yrk;S yrkH;ke~ yrkH;%
ekyk;S ekykH;ke~~ ekykH;%
ukSdk;S ukSdkH;ke~ ukSdkH;%
2- ;Fkk;ksX;a ;kst;r&
nhid% iks"k.kk;
ØhMude~ nkuk;
/ue~ izdk'kk;
ijksidkj% [ksyuk;
nqX/e~ iq.;k;
3- prqFkhZ&foHkfDriz;ksx.s k okD;kfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& ijksidkj% iq.;k; HkofrA (iq.;)
(d) -------------------- ue%A (f'k{kd)
([k) lqj's k% -------------------- iqLrda ;PNfrA (fe=k)
53
leqnzrV%
(x) lTtuk% -------------------- thofUrA (ijksidkj)
(?k) ekrk -------------------- vÂa nnkfrA (fHk{kqd)
(Ä) ijihMue~ -------------------- HkofrA (iki)
4- r`rh;k&foHkfDriz;ksx.s k okD;kfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& ih;w"k% fe=ks.k lg xPNfrA (fe=k)
(d) ckfydk% -------------------- lg iBfUrA (ckyd)
([k) rMkx% -------------------- foHkkfrA (dey)
(x) vgefi -------------------- [ksykfeA (dUnqd)
(?k) v'ok% -------------------- lg èkkofUrA (v'o)

(Ä) e`xk% -------------------- lg pjfUrA (e`x)
5- mÙkjs"kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) ckydk% osQu dUnqda f{kifUr\
mÙkje~ & ckydk% -------------------- dUnqoQa f{kifUrA
([k) vijs oSQ% lkoaQ leqPNyfUr\
mÙkje~ & vijs -------------------- lkoaQ leqPNyfUrA

(x) i;ZVdk% dkfHk% leqnfz ogkja oqQoZfUr\
mÙkje~ & i;ZVdk% -------------------- leqnfz ogkja oqQoZfUrA

54
(?k) dLeS ue%\
mÙkje~ & -------------------- ue%A
(Ä) HkDrk% osQH;% iq"ikf.k viZ;fUr\
mÙkje~ & HkDrk% -------------------- iq"ikf.k viZ;fUrA
(p) dkH;% ueks ue%\

mÙkje~ & -------------------- ueks ue%A
6- dks"Bdkr~ mfpriniz;ksx.s k fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) lhrk ------------------ lg oua xPNfrA (jke%@jkes.k)
([k) /fud% ------------------ /ua nnkfrA (fu/Zue~@fu/Zuk;)
(x) cky% ------------------ lg fo|ky;a xPNfr (tuosQu@tudk;)
(?k) vga ------------------ ØhMk{ks=ka xPNkfeA (f}pfØdk;k%@f}pfØd;k)
(Ä) iz/kukpk;Z% ------------------ ikfjrksf"koaQ nnkfrA (Nk=kk.kke~@Nk=ksH;%)
7- funs'Z kkuqlkja ifjorZ;r&
;Fkk& nsoHs ;% & (L=khfyÄõs) nsohH;%
Nk=kk;S & (iqf¡ YyÄsõ) --------------------
rjÄsõ.k & (cgqopus)s --------------------
bZ'ojsH;% & (,dopus)s --------------------
dUnqoQs u & (f}opus)s --------------------
uk;osQH;% & (L=khfyÄsõ) --------------------

55
leqnzrV%
è;krO;e~&
'kjhjkÄkõ uka ifjp;%
yykVe~ osQ'k%
us=ke~ Hkzw%
d.kZ% duhfudk
ukfldk diksy%
v/j%
d.B%
LdU/%
o{k%LFkye~
mnje~
gLr%
ukfHk%
u[k%
Å#%
qy h
v Ä~x
tkuq%
xqYiQ%
pj.k%
56
v"Ve% ikB%
i×peh&"k"Bh&foHkfDr% vLekoaQ fo|ky;%
vLekoaQ fo|ky;% xzkeL; lehis vfLrA izkr% Nk=kk% ee xzkekr~ fo|ky;e~
vkxPNfUrA vU;sH;% xzkesH;% vfi Nk=kk% v=k iBuk; lekxPNfUrA fo|ky;L;
izkFkZuk&lHkk vrho euksjek vfLrA izkFkZuklHkk;k% vuUrja ckydk% ckfydk% p
fo|ky;%
Lo&Lo&d{kka xPNfUrA rs f'k{kosQH;% fofo/fo"k;ku~ iBfUrA fo|ky;L;

iqLrdky;kr~ Nk=kk% iqLrdkfu vku;fUrA r=k rs lekpkji=kkf.k vfi iBfUrA
iqLrdkuke~ vè;;usu KkuL; fodkl% HkofrA
fo|ky;L; iqjr% ,de~ m|kue~ vfLrA m|kuL; 'kksHkk vrho je.kh;kA
v=k iq"ik.kka cgo% izdkjk% lfUrA rs"kke~ mifj Hkzejk% xq×tfUrA rs iq"ik.kka jla
ficfUrA r=k [kxkuka dyowQtue~ vfrlq[kna HkofrA
fo|ky;L; ØhMk{ks=ke~ vfrfo'kkye~ vfLrA v=k Nk=kk% u osQoya ØhMkdkyka'ks
vfi rq vodk'kkr~ ije~ vfi ØhMfUrA ØhMkf'k{kdkr~ rs ØhMkfuiq.krke~
vfèkxPNfUrA vLekoaQ fo|ky;s vè;;usu ØhMusu p Nk=kk.kka 'kkjhfjd%
ekufld% p fodkl% HkofrA
fo|;k fou;su p lEiÂk% LoLFkk% Nk=kk% ,o lektL; ns'kL; p lsoka
oqQq oZfUrA mDr×p&
fo|k nnkfr fou;a fou;k|kfr ik=krke~ A
ik=kRokn~ /uekIuksfr /ukn~ /e± rr% lq[ke~ AA
'kCnkFkkZ%
vU;sH;% xzkesH;% & nwljs xk¡oksa ls

lekxPNfUr & vkrs gS@a vkrh gSa
vrho & vR;Ur
euksjek (L=kh-) & lqUnj
Lo&Lo&d{kke~ & viuh viuh d{kkvksa dks (es)a
58
fofo/fo"k;ku~ & rjg rjg osQ fo"k;ksa dks
vku;fUr & ykrs gS@a ykrh gSa
iqjr% (vO;;) & lkeus
je.kh;k (L=kh-) & lqUnj
mifj (vO;;) & mQij
Hkzejk% & HkkSja s
xq×tfUr & xwt
¡ rs gS@a x¡t
w rh gSa
[kxkuke~ & fpfM+;ks@a dk@osQ@dh
dyowQtue~ & pgpgkuk@e/qjèofu
lq[kne~ & lq[k nsus okyk
vf/xPNfUr & izkIr djrs gS@a izkIr djrh gSa
lEiUuk% & ;qDr
nnkfr & nsrk gS@nsrh gS
ik=kRokr~ & ;ksX;rk ls
vkIuksfr & izkIr djrk gS@izkIr djrh gS
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQq #r&
eksndkr~ eksndkH;ke~ eksnosQH;%
ekyk;k% ekykH;ke~ ekykH;%
fp=kkr~ fp=kkH;ke~ fp=ksH;%
'kqdL; 'kqd;ks% 'kqdkuke~
yrk;k% yr;ks% yrkuke~
fp=kL; fp=k;ks% fp=kk.kke~
59
vLekda fo|ky;%
2- js[kkfÄïrkfu inkfu cgqopus ifjorZ;r&
;Fkk& Nk=kk% xzkekr~ vkxPNfUrA
Nk=kk% xzkesH;% vkxPNfUrA
(d) tuk% vki.kkr~ ØhMudkfu Øh.kfUrA
tuk% --------------------------- ØhMudkfu Øh.kfUrA
([k) ckydk% iqLrdky;kr~ iqLrdkfu vku;fUrA

ckydk% --------------------------- iqLrdkfu vku;fUrA
(x) if=kdk;k% fp=kkf.k i';rA

--------------------------- fp=kkf.k i';rA
(?k) 'kk[kk;k% i=kkf.k vku;A

--------------------------- i=kkf.k vku;A
(Ä) yrk;k% iq"ikf.k fpuqrA

--------------------------- iq"ikf.k fpuqrA
(p) o`{kkr~ i=kkf.k irfUrA

--------------------------- i=kkf.k irfUrA
60
3- js[kkfÄïrkfu inkfu ,dopus ifjorZ;r&
;Fkk& oukuka n`';e~
ouL; n`';e~
(d) m|kukuka 'kksHkkA (?k) dksfdykuka Loj%A
-------------- 'kksHkkA -------------- Loj%A
([k) fp=kk.kka o.kZ%A (Ä) flagkuka funzkA

-------------- o.kZ%A -------------- funzkA
(x) ckfydkuke~ vkHkw"k.ke~A (p) es?kkuka xtZue~A

-------------- vkHkw"k.ke~A -------------- xtZue~A
4- v/ksfyf[kra fp=ka i';rA mnkgj.kkuqlkjs.k dks"BdxrS% 'kCnS% okD;kfu

jp;r&
7 8
fe=ke~ izHkq%
lqxzho foHkh"k.k 1
6
tud%
uì% yo
v;ksè;k
jke%
n'kjFk 2
jko.k
5 lhrk iq=k%
Hkjr
'k=kq%
4 3
vxzt% ifr%
61
vLekda fo|ky;%
;Fkk& (1) jke% (yo) yoL; tud%A
(2) jke% (n'kjFk) ------------------------ iq=k%A
(3) jke% ------------------------------------------------
(4) --------------------------------------------------------
(5) --------------------------------------------------------
(6) --------------------------------------------------------
(7) --------------------------------------------------------
(8) --------------------------------------------------------
5- fp=kkf.k n`"V~ok dks"Bdxr'kCns"kq mfprka foHkfDar iz;Tq ; okD;kfu iwj;r&
eRL;k% -------------------- cfg% uì% -------------------- irfrA (v'o)

vkxPNfUrA (rMkx)
liZ% -------------------- fuxZPNfrA (fcy) -------------------- tya irfrA (es?k)
62
-------------------- i=kkf.k irfUrA (o`{k)
6- mi;qDr'kCna fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) ckydk% -------------------- x`ge~ vkxPNfUrA (fo|ky;kr~@fo|ky;su)
([k) ';ke% -------------------- nqXèke~ vku;frA (x`g.s k@x`gkr~)A
(x) unh -------------------- izHkofrA (ioZrkr~@ioZrus )A
(?k) ekrk -------------------- tye~ vku;frA (owQisu@owQikr~)A
(Ä) ujs'k% -------------------- oLrwfu Øh.kkfr (vki.ksu@vki.kkr~)A
7- xksiky% ¯d ¯d oLrq oqQr% vku;fr bfr fy[kr&
iqLrdky;kr~ xzkekr~ ekykdkjkr~ dks"kkr~ vki.kkr~
(d) -------------------- iQykfu vku;frA

([k) -------------------- iqLrdkfu vku;frA
(x) -------------------- /ue~ vku;frA
(?k) -------------------- nqX/e~ vku;frA
(Ä) -------------------- iq"ikf.k vku;frA
63
vLekda fo|ky;%
uoe% ikB%
lIreh&foHkfDr%] la[;kokfpinkfu p
m|kufogkj%
,rr~ fde~\
,rr~ euksjee~ m|kue~ vfLrA
vfLeu~ m|kus osQ osQ fopjfUr\
vfLeu~ m|kus e`x%] okuj%] e;wj%]
dkd% bR;kn;% fopjfUrA
v=k ,o ckydk%] o`¼k%] efgyk% p HkzefUrA
,d% f'k'kq% okuja i';frA
}kS ckydkS e`xa i';r%A
=k;% o`¼k% o`{ks dksfdyL;
uhMe~ voyksd;fUrA
pRokj% e;wjk% osQdka oqQoZfUrA prÏ% efgyk% fidL; owQtue~ vkd.kZ;fUrA
o`{ks"kq cgwfu iQykfu lfUrA rs"kq ,dfLeu~
o`{ks pRokfj iQykfu iDokfu lfUrA dkd%
,oaQ iDoa iQya [kknfrA ,dk ckfydk m|kukr~
iq"ikf.k u;frA r=kSo }s ckfyosQ }s iQys
[kknr%A
m|kus ,d% tyiw.kZ% tyk'k;% vfi vfLrA
v=k =khf.k deykfu] frÏ% oqQeqfnU;% p fodflrkfu lfUrA r=k pRokj% e`xk%
tya ficfUr] i×p ehuk% tyL; mifj rjfUr] "kV~ dPNik% tys brLrr%
HkzefUrA ljksojL; rVs lIr f'k'ko% [ksyfUr] v"VkS tuk% /kofUr] uo okujk%
r=k ,o owQnZfUrA
tyk'k;L; lehis ,d% f'koky;% vfLrA
f'koky;s }kn'k LrEHkk% lfUrA v=k fHkfÙkdk;ka
"kksM'k nsoizfrek% p fufeZrk% lfUrA vL; ifjljs
v"Vkn'k v'kksdo`{kk% lfUrA ,dkn'k oVo%
osnikBa oqQoZfUrA foa'kfr% HkDrk% f'koe~ vpZ;fUrA
'kCnkFkkZ%
euksjee~ & lqUnj

bR;kn;% (bfr $ vkn;%) & bR;kfn
o`¼k% & cw<s+
efgyk% & efgyk,¡
65
m|kufogkj%
uhMe~ & ?kkal
s ys dks
voyksd;fUr & ns[krs gS@a ns[krh gSa
osQdke~ & eksj dh vkokt
fidL; & dks;y dk@osQ@dh
owQtue~ & owQd
vkd.kZ;fUr & lqurs gS@a lqurh gSa
iDokfu & iosQ gq,
tyiw.kZ% & ikuh ls Hkjk gqvk
oqQeqfnU;% & oqQeqnfu;k¡
ehuk% & eNfy;k¡
mifj (vO;;) & mQij
brLrr% (vO;;) & b/j&m/j
f'koky;% & f'koefUnj
LrEHkk% & [kEHks
fHkfÙkdk;ke~ & nhokj ij
nsoizfrek% & nsorkvksa dh ewfÙkZ;k¡
oVo% & (vusd) czãpkjh
vpZ;fUr & iwtk djrs gS@a djrh gSa
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
(d) ,d% ,dk ,de~
}kS }s }s
=k;% frÏ% =khf.k
pRokj% prÏ% pRokfj
66
i×p "kV~ lIr
v"VkS (v"V) uo n'k
,dkn'k }kn'k =k;ksn'k
prqn'Z k i×pn'k "kksM'k
lIrn'k v"Vkn'k ,dksu¯o'kfr% (uon'k)
¯o'kfr%
([k) f'k";s f'k";;ks% f'k";s"kq
tus tu;ks% tus"kq
i=ks i=k;ks% i=ks"kq
iq"is iq"i;ks% iq"is"kq
izHkk;ke~ izHk;ks% izHkklq
fo|k;ke~ fo|;ks% fo|klq
;Fkk& Nk=ks Nk=k;ks% Nk=ks"kq
ujs -------------- --------------
-------------- -------------- deys"kq
-------------- o`{k;ks% --------------
i=ks -------------- --------------

-------------- -------------- ukSdklq
-------------- oh.k;ks% --------------
67
m|kufogkj%
3- fp=kkf.k n`"V~ok la[;ka fy[kr&
--------------- dUnqdkfuA --------------- pVdk%A
~
j?kqoa'ke
--------------- e;wjkSA --------------- iqLrde~A
--------------- Nk=ksA
4- v/ksfyf[krkuka la[;k'kCnkuka laLÑrinkfu fy[kr&

;Fkk& ukS uo
vkB -----------------
X;kjg -----------------
mUuhl -----------------
ik¡p -----------------
vBkjg -----------------
rsjg -----------------
68
5- v/ksfyf[krk% la[;k% vkjksgØes.k fy[kr&
"kksM'k v"V ,dkn'k foa'kfr%
lIrn'k }kn'k v"Vkn'k uo
6- e×tw"kkr% inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
iq"is"kq xÄõk;ke~ fo|ky;s o`{k;ks% m|kus"kq ckfyd;ks%

(d) o;a ------------------------- iBke%A
([k) tuk% ------------------------- HkzefUrA
(x) ------------------------- ukSdk% lfUrA
(?k) ------------------------- Hkzejk% xq×tfUrA
(Ä) ------------------------- u`R;a je.kh;e~ vfLrA
(p) --------------------- iQykfu iDokfu lfUrA
7- dks"BosQ"kq nÙks"kq 'kCns"kq mfprka foHkfDar iz;Tq ; okD;kfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& ljksojs ehuk% lfUrA (ljksoj)
(d) ------------------------- dPNik% HkzefUrA (rMkx)
([k) ------------------------- lSfudk% lfUrA (f'kfoj)
(x) ;kukfu ------------------------- /kofUrA (jktekxZ)
(?k) ------------------------- jRukfu lfUrA (/jk)
(Ä) Nk=kk% ------------------------- iz;ksxa oqQoZfUrA (iz;ksx'kkyk)
69
m|kufogkj%
n'ke% ikB%
uhfr'yksdk%
foHkfDriqujko`fÙk%
m|esu fg flè;fUr dk;kZf.k u euksjFkS%A

ufg lqIrL; flagL; izfo'kfUr eq[ks e`xk% AA1AA
fiz;okD;iznkusu losZ rq";fUr tUro%A
rLekr~ fiz;a fg oDrO;a opus dk nfjnzrk AA2AA
uefUr iQfyuks o`{kk% uefUr xqf.kuks tuk%A
'kq"do`{kk'p ew[kkZ'p u uefUr dnkpu AA3AA
vfHkoknu'khyL; fuR;a o`¼ksilsfou%A
pRokfj rL; o/ZUrs vk;qfoZ|k ;'kks cye~ AA4AA
dkO;'kkL=kfouksnus dkyks xPNfr /herke~A
O;lusu p ew[kkZ.kka funz;k dygsu ok AA5AA
'kCnkFkkZ%
m|esu & ifjJe ls
flè;fUr & iwjs gksrs gS@a gksrh gSa
euksjFkS% & bPNkvksa ls
lqIrL; & lks;s gq, dk@osQ@dh
izfo'kfUr & izo's k djrs gS@a djrh gSa
e`xk% & vusd i'kq
fiz;okD;iznkusu & e/qj okD; cksyus ls
rq";fUr & lar"q V gksrs gS@a gksrh gSa
oDrO;e~ & cksyuk pkfg,
iQfyu% & iQyokys
xqf.ku% & xq.kokyss
'kq"do`{kk'p & vkSj lw[ks isM+
dnkpu & dHkh Hkh
vfHkoknu'khyL; & iz.kke djus osQ LoHkko okys dk@osQ@dh
o`¼ksilsfou% & cM+kas dh lsok djus okyksa dk@osQ@dh
o/ZUrs & c<+rs gS@a c<+rh gSa
;'k% & dhfÙkZ
dkO;'kkL=kfouksnus & dkO;'kkL=k osQ }kjk euksj×tu ls
/herke~ & cqf¼ekuksa dk@osQ@dh
dygsu & >xM+s ls
vH;kl%
1- izFkea prqFk± i×pea 'yksd×p lLoja xk;rA
2- 'yksoQs "kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) uefUr --------------------- o`{kk%] uefUr --------------------- tuk%A
---------------------------- ew[kkZ'p u uefUr ----------------------------AA
71
uhfr'yksdk%
([k) dkO;'kkL=kfouksnus --------------------- xPNfr ---------------------A
---------------------------- ew[kkZ.kka funz;k ---------------------------- ok AA
3- 'yksdka'kku~ ;kst;r&
d [k
m|esu fg flè;fUr losZ rq";fUr tUro%A
fiz;okD;iznkusu opus dk nfjnzrkA
pRokfj rL; o/ZUrs izfo'kfUr eq[ks e`xk%A
rLekr~ fiz;a fg oDrO;a dk;kZf.k u euksjFkS%A
ufg lqIrL; ¯lgL; vk;qfoZ|k ;'kks cye~A
4- mi;qDrdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~* vuqi;qDrdFkukuka le{ka û* bfr fy[kr&

;Fkk& m|esu dk;kZf.k flè;fUrA vke~
iQfyuks o`{kk% u uefUrA u
(d) fiz;okD;iznkusu losZ u rq";fUrA
([k) /herka dky% dkO;'kkL=kfouksnus xPNfrA
(x) vfHkoknu'khyL; vk;qfoZ|k ;'kks cya u o/ZUrsA
(?k) xqf.kuks tuk% uefUrA
(Ä) euksjFkS% dk;kZf.k u flè;fUrA
72
5- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka foHkfDar opu×p fy[kr&
;Fkk& m|esu r`rh;k ,dopue~
flagL; --------------------- ---------------------
e`xk% --------------------- ---------------------
fo|k --------------------- ---------------------
ew[kkZ.kke~ --------------------- ---------------------
funz;k --------------------- ---------------------

(d) dk;kZf.k osQu flè;fUr\
([k) losZ tUro% osQu rq";fUr\
(x) dL; eq[ks e`xk% ufg izfo'kfUr\
(?k) osQ osQ uefUr\
(Ä) pRokfj dL; o/ZUrs\
(p) èkherka dky% dFka xPNfr\
73
uhfr'yksdk%
,dkn'k% ikB%
cdL; izrhdkj%
vO;;iz;ksx%
,dfLeu~ ous 'k`xky% cd%
p fuolr% LeA r;ks%
fe=krk vklhr~A ,dnk izkr%
'k`xky% cde~ vonr~&
¶fe=k! 'o% Roa e;k lg
Hkkstua oqQ#A¸ 'k`xkyL;
fueU=k.ksu cd% izlUu%
vHkor~A
vfxzes fnus l% Hkkstuk; 'k`xkyL; fuokla xPNfrA oqQfVyLoHkko% 'k`xky%
LFkkY;ka cdk; {khjksnua ;PNfrA
coaQ onfr p&¶fe=k! vfLeu~ ik=ks
vkoke~ v/quk lgSo [kknko%A¸
Hkkstudkys cdL; p×pq% LFkkyhr%
Hkkstuxzg.ks leFkkZ u HkofrA vr%
cd% osQoya {khjksnua i';frA
'k`xky% rq lo± {khjksnue~ vHk{k;r~A
'k`xkysu of×pr% cd% vfpUr;r~&¶;Fkk vusu e;k lg O;ogkj% Ñr%
rFkk vge~ vfi rsu lg O;ogfj";kfe¸A ,oa fpUrf;Rok l% 'k`xkye~ vonr~&¶fe=k!
Roe~ vfi 'o% lk;a e;k lg Hkkstua dfj";fl¸A cdL; fueU=k.ksu 'k`x` ky%
izlUu% vHkor~A ;nk 'k`x` ky% lk;a
cdL; fuokla Hkkstuk; xPNfr] rnk
cd% lÄïh.kZeq[ks dy'ks {khjksnua
;PNfr] 'k`xkya p onfr&¶fe=k!
vkoke~ vfLeu~ ik=ks lgSo Hkkstua
oqQoZ%¸A cd% dy'kkr~ p×Pok
{khjksnua [kknfrA ijUrq 'k`xkyL; eq[ka
dy'ks u izfo'kfrA vr% cd% lo± {khjksnua [kknfrA 'k`xky% p osQoye~ bZ";Z;k
i';frA
'k`x` ky% coaQ izfr ;kn`'ka O;ogkje~ vdjksr~ cd% vfi 'k`xkya izfr rkn`'ka
O;ogkja ÑRok izrhdkje~ vdjksrA~
mDrefi&
vkRenqO;ZogkjL; iQya Hkofr nq%[knEk~A
rLekr~ ln~O;ogrZO;a ekuosu lq[kSf"k.kkAA
'kCnkFkkZ%
'k`x` ky% & fl;kj
cd% & cxqyk
vklhr~ & Fkk@Fkh
,dnk (vO;;) & ,d ckj
vonr~ & cksyk
'o% & (vkus okyk) dy
oqQ# & djks
LFkkY;ke~ & Fkkyh esa
75
cdL; izrhdkj%
{khjksnue~ & [khj
;PNfr & nsrk gS@nsrh gS
lÄïh.kZe[q ks & laoQq fpr eq[k okys@rax eq[k okys esa
lgSo (lg$,o) & lkFk gh
p×pq% & pksp
a
LFkkyhr% & Fkkyh ls
i';fr & ns[krk gS@ns[krh gS
vHk{k;r~ & [kk;k@[kk;h
fpUrf;Rok & lkspdj
izrhdkje~ & cnyk
ln~O;ogrZO;e~ & vPNk O;ogkj djuk pkfg,
lq[kSf"k.kk & pkgus okys osQ }kjk
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
;=k ;nk vfi vgfuZ'ke~
r=k rnk v| v/quk
oqQ=k dnk 'o% ,o
v=k ,dnk á% oqQr%
vU;=k p izkr% lk;e~
2- e×tw"kkr% mfpre~ vO;;ina fpRok fjDrLFkkua iwj;r&
v| vfi izkr% dnk loZnk v/quk
(d) ---------------- Hkze.ka LokLF;k; HkofrA
([k) ---------------- lR;a onA
76
(x) Roa ---------------- ekrqyx`ga xfe";fl\
(?k) fnus'k% fo|ky;a xPNfr] vge~ ---------------- rsu lg xPNkfeA
(Ä) ---------------- foKkuL; ;qx% vfLrA
(p) ---------------- jfooklj% vfLrA
3- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkja fy[kr&
(d) 'k`xkyL; fe=ka d% vklhr~\
([k) LFkkyhr% d% Hkkstua u v[kknr~\
(x) cd% 'k`x` kyk; Hkkstus fde~ v;PNr~\
(?k) 'k`x` kyL; LoHkko% dhn`'k% Hkofr\
4- ikBkr~ inkfu fpRok v/ksfyf[krkuka foykseinkfu fy[kr&
;Fkk& 'k=kq% fe=ke~
(d) lq[kne~ -------------------------
([k) nqO;Zogkj% -------------------------
(x) 'k=kqrk -------------------------
(?k) lk;e~ -------------------------
(Ä) vizlUu% -------------------------
(p) vleFkZ% -------------------------
77
cdL; izrhdkj%
5- e×tw"kkr% leqfprinkfu fpRok dFkka iwj;r&
euksjFkS% fiikflr% mik;e~ LoYie~ ik"kk.kL; dk;kZf.k
mifj lUrq"V% ikrqe~ brLrr% oqQ=kkfi
,dnk ,d% dkd% ---------------------------------------- vklhr~A l% tya ikrqe~

----------------------- vHkzer~A ija -------------------------- tya u izkIuksrA~ vUrs
l% ,oaQ ?kVe~ vi';r~A ?kVs --------------------------- tye~ vklhr~A
vr% l% tye~ ----------------------- vleFkZ% vHkor~A l% ,de~

--------------- vfpUr;r~A l% ----------------------------- [k.Mkfu ?kVs vf{kir~A
,oa Øes.k ?kVL; tye~ ----------------- vkxPNr~A dkd%
tya ihRok -------------------- vHkor~A ifjJes.k ,o ---------------------------

flè;fUr u rq -----------------------A
6- rRle'kCnku~ fy[kr&
;Fkk& fl;kj 'k`xky%
dkSvk ---------------------
eD[kh ---------------------
cUnj ---------------------
cxqyk ---------------------
pksp
a ---------------------
ukd ---------------------
78
}kn'k% ikB%
lkse'keZfirq% dFkk
,dfLeu~ xzkes df'pr~ fu/Zu% ;qod% vklhr~A rL; uke èkuiky% vklhr~A l%
izfrfnua fHk{kk;S xzkea xzkea
izfr Hkzefr LeA fHk{kk;ka
izkIrS% lDrqfHk% rL; ?kV%
iw.kZ% vHkor~A l% ?kVa
ukxnUrs voyEC; rL;
uhpS% [kV~ok;ka 'k;ua djksfr
Le] 'k;udkys p fujUrje~
,dn`"V~;k ?kVa i';fr LeA
l% ,dnk jk=kkS ,oe~ vfpUr;r~& ee v;a ?kV% lDrqfHk% iw.kZ% vfLrA ;nk
nqfHkZ{ka Hkfo";fr rnk lDrq&foØ;s.k izpjq a /ua izkIL;kfeA rr% rsu /usu vge~
vtk};L; Ø;a dfj";kfeA vtk};L; f'k'kqfHk% vtkuka lewg% ee lehis
Hkfo";frA vtkuka foØ;s.k xoka] efg"kh.kke~] v'okuka p Ø;a dfj";kfe] rklka
f'k'kqfHk% cgo% i'ko% Hkfo";fUrA rs"kka foØ;s.k ee ik'osZ cgwfu /ukfu
vkxfe";fUr] /usu fo'kkyL; HkouL; fuekZ.ka dkjf;";kfeA rnk eka /fuoaQ
eRok dks¿fi :iorha dU;ka eáa iznkL;frA rr% ee iq=k% Hkfo";frA rL; uke
lkse'kekZ bfr dfj";kfeA dnkfpr~ ØhMu~ l% iq=k% ee lehie~ vkxfe";frA
rnk oqQfir% vga LoiRuha ofn";kfe& ¶x`gk.k ,ua ckyde~A¸ lk x`gdk;sZ
layXuk ee opua ;nk u Jks";fr rnk vga iRU;k% mifj iknsu izgfj";kfeA
,oa LoIusu izfs jr% l% iknizgkje~
vdjksrA~ rsu lDrqifw jr% ?kV% HkwekS ifrr%
HkXu% p vHkor~A HkXusu ?kVsu lg ,o
rL; euksjFkk% vfi HkXuk% vHkou~A vr%
mDre~&
m|esu fg flè;fUr
dk;kZf.k u euksjFkS% bfrA
'kCnkFkkZ%
lDrqfHk% & (cgqr) lÙkq ls

ukxnUrs & [kwV¡ h ij
voyEC; & Vk¡xdj
[kV~ok;ke~ & [kkV ij
,dn`"V~;k & ,dVd
nqfHkZ{ke~ & vdky
izpjq e~ & <sj lkjk
izkIL;kfe & izkIr d:¡xk@izkIr d:¡xh
vtk};L; & nks cdfj;ksa dk
Ø;% & [kjhn
f'k'kqfHk% & cPpksa ls
foØ;s.k & cspus ls
xoke~ & xk;ksa dk@osQ@dh
80
efg"kh.kke~ & HkSl
a ksa dk@osQ@dh
v'okuke~ & ?kksMk+ as dk@osQ@dh
ik'osZ & ikl esa
eRok & ekudj
eáe~ & eq>s
iznkL;fr & nsxk@nsxh
x`gk.k & xzg.k djks
dnkfpr~ & dHkh
ØhMu~ & [ksyrk gqvk
oqQfir% & Øksf/r
layXuk & yxh gqbZ
Jks";fr & lquxs h@lquxs k
mifj (vO;;) & mQij
HkXu% & VwV x;k
dkjf;";kfe & djkmQ¡xk@djkmQ¡xh
vH;kl%
1- drìZ nS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& ckydkS dUnqda ØhMr%A
(d) ---------------- iknizgkja djksfrA
([k) ---------------- ØUnqoQs u ØhMke%A
(x) ---------------- lR;a ofn";kfeA
(?k) ---------------- r=k ¯d ¯d djksf"k\
81
lkse'keZfirq% dFkk
(Ä) ---------------- dnk x`ge~ vkxfe";Fk\
(p) ---------------- Hkkstua ipfUrA
2- v/ksfyf[krkuka 'kCnkuka foykseinkfu ikBe~ vk/`R; fy[kr&
;Fkk& nwjs & lehis
Ø;s.k & ----------------
mPpS% & ----------------
fnus & ----------------
viw.kZ% & ----------------
vkdk'ks & ----------------
rnk & ----------------
/fud% & ----------------
3- funs'Z kkuqlkja ydkjifjorZua oqQ#r&

;Fkk& iz.ko% m|kus HkzefrA (y`Vy ~ dkjs) iz.ko% m|kus Hkzfe";frA
(d) l% ys[ka fy[kfrA (y`Vy
~ dkjs) ------------------------------------------------
([k) vga dFkka fpUrf;";kfeA (yV~ydkjs) ------------------------------------------------

(x) rs x`gs fr"BfUrA (y`Vy
~ dkjs) ------------------------------------------------
(?k) o`{kkr~ i=kkf.k irfUrA (y`Vy

~ dkjs) ------------------------------------------------
(Ä) Roa fp=ka nz{;flA (yV~ydkjs) ------------------------------------------------
(p) o;a nqX/a ikL;ke%A (yV~ydkjs) ------------------------------------------------
(N) r=k fde~ vfLrA (y`Vy

~ dkjs) ------------------------------------------------
82
4- fyÄõifjorZua oqQ#r&
;Fkk& v'o% v'ok
vt% -------------
------------- ckfydk
------------- Nk=kk
ew"kd% -------------
------------- pVdk
ys[kd% -------------
uk;d% -------------

(d) ;qod% dhn`'k% vklhr~\
([k) ;qod% ?kVa oqQ=k voyEC; 'k;ua djksfr Le\
(x) ?kV% oqQ=k ifrr%\
(?k) dk;kZf.k osQu flè;fUr\
(Ä) LoIusu izfs jr% ;qod% fde~ vdjksr\~
6- v/ksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu ?kVukØekuqlkja fy[kr&
(d) ;qod% /uiky% izfrfnua xzkea xzkea Hkzefr LeA
([k) dk;kZf.k m|esu flè;fUrA
(x) ,dfLeu~ xzkes ,d% ;qod% vklhr~A
(?k) l% vfpUr;r~& eka /fuoaQ eRok dks¿fi :iorha dU;ka eáa iznkL;frA
(Ä) lDrqifw jr% ?kV% HkwekS ifrr%A
(p) LoIusu izfs jr% l% iknizgkje~ vdjksrA~
83
lkse'keZfirq% dFkk
=k;ksn'k% ikB%
lqHkkf"krkfu
iqLrdLFkk rq ;k fo|k ijgLrxra /ue~A

dk;Zdkys leqRiUus u lk fo|k u r¼ue~ AA1AA
gLrL; Hkw"k.ka nkua lR;a d.BL; Hkw"k.ke~A

Jks=kL; Hkw"k.ka 'kkL=ka Hkw"k.kS% ¯d iz;kstue~ AA2AA
u df'pr~ dL;fpfUe=ka u df'pr~ dL;fpn~ fjiq%A

O;ogkjs.k fe=kkf.k tk;Urs fjioLrFkk AA3AA
fo}Ùoa p uìRoa p uSo rqY;a dnkpuA

Lons'ks iwT;rs jktk fo}ku~ loZ=k iwT;rs AA4AA
losZ HkoUrq lqf[ku% losZ lUrq fujke;k%A

losZ Hknzkf.k i';Urq ek df'pn~ nq%[kHkkXHkosr~ AA5AA
'kCnkFkkZ%
iqLrdLFkk & iqLrd esa fo|eku

ijgLrxre~ & nwljksa osQ gkFk esa x;k gqvk
dk;Zdkys leqRiUus & le; vkus ij
Jks=kL; & dku dk@osQ@dh
¯d iz;kstue~ & D;k eryc@iz;kstu
df'pr~ & dksbZ
dL;fpr~ & fdlh dk
fjiq% & 'k=kq
O;ogkjs.k & O;ogkj osQ }kjk@ls
tk;Urs & gksrs gS@a gksrh ga@S curs gS@a curh gSa
rqY;e~ & leku
loZ=k & lc txg
iwT;rs & vknj dk ik=k gksrk gS@gksrh gS@iwtk
tkrk gS@tkrh gS
HkoUrq (Hkw] yksV)~ & cusa
lUrq (vl~] yksV)~ & gksa
fujke;k% & uhjksx
Hknzkf.k & dY;k.k dks@dY;k.k
i';Urq (n`'k~] yksV)~ & ns[ksa
ek df'pr~ & u dksbZ
nq%[kHkko~Q & nq%[k dk Hkkxh
Hkosr~ & gksa
85
lqHkkf"krkfu
vH;kl%
1- ikBs nÙkkuka 'yksdkuka okpua oqQ#r&

2- 'yksdka'kku~ ;Fkksfpra ;kst;r&
d [k
ijgLrxra /ue~ dL;fpn~ fjiq%
Jks=kL; Hkw"k.ke~ uSo rqY;a dnkpu
u df'pr~ 'kkL=ke~
fo}Ùoa p uìRoa p nq%[kHkkx~ Hkosr~
ek df'pr~ u rn~ /ua Hkofr
3- 'yksdka'ks"kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) dk;Zdkys leqRiUus -------------------------------------------A
([k) ------------------------------------------- lR;a d.BL; Hkw"k.ke~A
(x) O;ogkjs.k fe=kkf.k -------------------------------------------A
(?k) ------------------------------------------- fo}ku~ loZ=k iwT;rsA
(Ä) losZ HkoUrq lqf[ku% -------------------------------------------A
4- 'kq¼dFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~*] v'kq¼dFkukuka le{ka û* bfr fy[kr&
(d) iqLrdLFkk fo|k dk;Zdkys fo|k HkofrA
([k) gLrL; Hkw"k.ka nkue~A
86
(x) jktk loZ=k iwT;rsA
(?k) fo}Ùoa p uìRoa p rqY;a HkofrA
(Ä) losZ Hknzkf.k ek i';UrqA

(d) iqLrdLFkk fo|k dnk fo|k u Hkofr\
([k) d.BL; Hkw"k.ka ¯d Hkofr\
(x) fe=kkf.k osQu tk;Urs\
(?k) d% loZ=k iwT;rs\
(Ä) losZ dkfu i';Urq\
6- foykse'kCnku~ ;kst;r&
fo|k fjiq%
lR;e~ fons'k%
fe=ke~ vlR;e~
Lons'k% nq%f[ku%
lqf[ku% vfo|k
87
lqHkkf"krkfu
prqn'Z k% ikB%
;equk fo"kjfgrk tkrk
,dnk "kM~o"khZ;% JhÑ".k% oÙnkous ;equkrVe~ vxPNr~A xksik% vfi rsu lg

vxPNu~A xksik% fiikl;k vkoqQyk% vHkou~A rs ;equktye~ vficu~A tya
ihRok rs ewfPZNrk% vHkou~A JhÑ".k% rku~ ewfPZNrku~ n`"V~ok O;koqQy% vHkor~A
oLrqr% ;equktys dkfy;ukxL; oqQ.Me~ vklhr~A rsu ;equktya fo"kTokykfHk%
fo"kkDra tkre~A vusosQ [kxk% i'ko% p rr~ tya ihRok e`R;qa izkIrk%A ok;q%
vfi rsu fo"k;qDr% vHkor~A rsu ok;quk o`{kk% 'kq"dk% tkrk%A
;nk JhÑ".k% ,rr~ loZe~ vi';r~ l% ,oaQ o`{ke~ vkjksgr~A rLekr~
o`{kkr~ l% fo"k;qDrs tys vowQnZr~A dkfy;ukxL; ,dkf/d'kra iQ.kk% vklu~A
l% rku~ izlk;Z Ñ".ka izgrqZe~ ,sPNr~A JhÑ".k% rL; iQ.kku~ vk#á vu`R;r~A
dkfy;ukxL; iQ.kk% 'kuS% 'kuS% fNUuk% fHkUuk% vHkou~A eq[kkr~ jDRka izkogr~A
l% gLrkS la;ksT; vonr~& ¶Hkxou~! o;a ukxk% tUer% ,o fo"k;qDrk%A v;a
u ee vijk/%A Hkoku~ ,o loZizkf.kuka izHkq%A vuqxzga djksrq fuxzga ok¸ bfrA
,oa izkfFkZr% JhÑ".k% vuqxzga oqQoZu~ vonr~ ¶js nq"V! ¯d u tkukfl Roa ;r~
ro dkj.kkr~ lo± tya fo"k;qDra HkofrA br% oqQ=kkfi vU;=k xPN¸ bfrA liZ%
rr% iykf;r%A ,oa p ;equk fo"kjfgrk tkrkA
'kCnkFkkZ%
"kM~o"khZ;% & N% o"kZ dh vk;q okyk

rVe~ & fdukjk
xksik% & Xokys@Xokycky
fiikl;k & I;kl ls
oqQ.Me~ & oqQ.M
fo"kTokykfHk% & fo"k dh Tokyk ls
fo"kkDre~ & tgj ls feyk gqvk
'kq"dk% tkrk% & lw[k x,
;nk (vO;;) & tc
vkjksgr~ & p<+ x;k@xbZ
U;irr~ & owQn x;k@xbZ@uhps fxj x;k@xbZ
,dkf/d'kre~ & ,d lkS ,d
izlk;Z & iSQykdj
izgrqeZ ~ & izgkj djus osQ fy,
,sPNr~ & bPNk dh
vk#á & p<+dj
vu`R;r~ & ukpus yxk@ukpk@ukpus yxh@ukph
89
'kuS% 'kuS% (vO;;) & /hjs /hjs
fNUuk% fHkUuk% & VqdM+s VqdM+s
jDre~ & [kwu
izkogr~ & cgus yxk@yxh
tUer% & tUe ls
vuqxgz % & Ñik
fuxzg% & n.M@cU/u
oqQoZu~ & djrk gqvk
izkfFkZr% & izkFkZuk djus ij
br% (vO;;) & ;gk¡ ls
rr% (vO;;) & ogk¡ ls
iykf;r% & Hkkx x;k
vH;kl%
1- mnkgj.ke~ vuqlR` ; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& izFkeiq#"k% vxPNr~ vxPNrke~ vxPNu~
eè;eiq#"k% ----------------- viBre~ -----------------
mÙkeiq#"k% ----------------- ----------------- v[kknke

izFkeiq#"k% ----------------- vglrke~ -----------------
eè;eiq#"k% ----------------- ----------------- vj{kr

mÙkeiq#"k% vuee~ ----------------- -----------------
90
(d) xksik% osQu lg vxPNu~\
([k) ,dnk JhÑ".k% oqQ=k vxPNr~\
(x) JhÑ".k% fdeFk± O;koqQy% vHkor~\
(?k) [kxk% i'ko% p dFka e`R;qa izkIrk%\
(Ä) dkfy;ukxL; dfr iQ.kk% vklu~\
(p) loZikz f.kuka izHkq% d%\
3- fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) xksik% ----------------- vkoqQyk% vHkou~A
([k) JhÑ".k% rku~ ewfPZNrku~ n`"V~ok ----------------- vHkor~A
(x) ;equktys ----------------- oqQ.Me~ vklhr~A
(?k) ;equk ----------------- tkrkA
(Ä) br% oqQ=kkfi ----------------- xPNA
4- ;Fkk;ksX;a ;kst;r&
d [k
oqQ.Me~ izkogr~
o`{ke~ ,sPNr~
izgrqeZ ~ vHkou~
jDre~ vkjksgr~
vkoqQyk% vklhr~
91
5- foykseina fy[kr&
(d) tUe -----------------------
([k) ve`re~ -----------------------
(x) vknj% -----------------------
(?k) vusde~ -----------------------
6- e×tw"kkr% inkfu fpRok vuqPNsna iwj;r&
v;PNr~ vHkor~ vfeyr~ vklhr~ vu;u~

viBrke~ }kfjdk;k% vxPNr~ vdjksr~ r.Mqyku~
lqnkek JhÑ".kL; fe=ke~ ---------------------------A l% loZiFz kea xq#oqQys JhÑ".ksu lg

---------------------------A ,rkS fefyRok xqjks% lehie~ ,dkn'k ikBku~ ---------------------A
dkyØes.k oklqnos % --------------------------- uì% ---------------------------A
lqnkek rq nfjnz% ,o vklhr~A l% JhÑ".kn'kZuk; }kfjdke~

---------------------------A }kjj{kdk% ra jktlHkke~ ---------------------------A
ckY;cU/q% oklqnos % rL; vkfyÄuõ e~ ---------------------------A JhÑ".k%
lqnkEu% Hkk;Z;k iznÙkku~ ---------------------------- v[kknr~A nkfjnz;~ L;

fuokj.kk; JhÑ".k% rLeS ,s'o;Ze~ ---------------------------A
92
i×pn'k% ikB%
ekrqypUnz!!
oqQr vkxPNfl ekrqypUnz\
oqQ=k xfe";fl ekrqypUnz\
vfr'k;foLr`ruhykdk'k%
uSo n`';rs Dofpnodk'k%
dFka iz;kL;fl ekrqypUnz\
dFkek;kfl u Hkks! ee xsge~
ekrqy! fdjfl dFka u Lusge~
dnk xfe";fl ekrqypUnz\
/oya ro pfUnzdkforkue~
rkjd[kfpra flrifj/kue~
eáa nkL;fl ekrqypUnz\
Rofjresfg eka Jko; xhfre~
fiz; ekrqy! o/Z; es izhfre~
fdUuk;kL;fl ekrqypUnz\
93
ekrqypUnz!!
'kCnkFkkZ%
ekrqypUnz! & pUnkekek!

oqQr% (vO;;) & dgk¡ ls
vfr'k;foLr`r & vfr fo'kky
n`';rs & fn[krk gS@fn[krh gS
Dofpr~ (vO;;) & dgha Hkh
iz;kL;fl & tkvksx@s tkvksxh
xsge~ & ?kj dks
fdjfl & fo[ksjrs gks@fo[ksjrh gks
/oye~ & lisQn
pfUnzdkforkue~ & iSQyh gqbZ pk¡nuh
rkjd[kfpra & rkjksa ls 'kksfHkr
flrifj/kue~ & lisQn oL=k
eáe~ & eq>s
Rofjre~ & 'kh?kz
,fg & vkvks
Jko; & lqukvks
o/Z; & c<+kvks
94
vH;kl%
1- ckyxhra lkfHku;a lLoja xk;rA

2- i|ka'kku~ ;kst;r&
ekrqy! fdjfl flrifj/kue~
rkjd[kfpra Jko; xhfre~
Rofjresfg eka pfUnzdkforkue~
vfr'k;foLr`r dFka u Lusge~
/oya ro uhykdk'k%
3- i|ka'ks"kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) fiz; ekrqy! -------------------------------- izhfre~A
([k) dFka iz;kL;fl --------------------------------A
(x) -------------------------------- Dofpnodk'k%A
(?k) -------------------------------- nkL;fl ekrqypUnz!A
(Ä) dFkek;kfl u -------------------------------- xsge~A
(d) vfLeu~ ikBs d% ekrqy%\
([k) uhykdk'k% dhn`'k% vfLr\
(x) ekrqypUnz% ¯d u fdjfl\
95
ekrqypUnz!!
(?k) ¯d Jkof;rqa f'k'kq% pUnza dFk;fr\
(Ä) pUnzL; flrifj/kua dFke~ vfLr\
5- mnkgj.kkuqlkja fuEufyf[krinkfu lEcks/us ifjorZ;r&
;Fkk& pUnz% & pUnz!
(d) f'k";% & ------------------------
([k) xksiky% & ------------------------
;Fkk& ckfydk & ckfyosQ!

(d) fiz;oa nk & ------------------------
([k) yrk & ------------------------
;Fkk& iQye~ & iQy!

(d) fe=ke~ & ------------------------
([k) iqLrde~ & ------------------------
;Fkk& jfo% & jos!s

(d) eqfu% & ------------------------
([k) dfo% & ------------------------
96
;Fkk& lk/q% & lk/ks!
(d) Hkkuq% & ------------------------
([k) i'kq% & ------------------------
;Fkk& unh & ufn!

(d) nsoh & ------------------------
([k) ekfuuh & ------------------------
6- e×tw"kkr% mi;qDrkuke~ vO;;inkuka iz;ksx.s k fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

oqQr% dnk oqQ=k dFka fde~
(d) txUukFkiqjh ---------------- vfLr\

([k) Roa ---------------- iqjha xfe";fl\
(x) xÄõkunh ---------------- izogfr\
(?k) ro LokLF;a ---------------- vfLr\
(Ä) o"kkZdkys e;wjk% ---------------- oqQoZfUr\
7- rRle'kCnku~ fy[kr&
ekek] eksj] rkjk] dks;y] dcwrj A
97
ekrqypUnz!!
ifjf'k"Ve~
dkjd&foHkfDr&ifjp;%
okD;s fØ;k;k% lk{kkr~ vUo;% ;su insu@'kCnsu lg Hkofr rr~ ina dkjoaQ HkofrA
dkjdk.kke~ vFkZ± izdVf;rqa ;s"kka izR;;kuka la;kstua 'kCnS% lg Hkofr rs (izR;;k%)
dkjd&foHkDr;% HkofUrA
;Fkk& gs Nk=kk%!(11) n'kjFkL;(10) lqr%(1) jke%(2) n.Mdkj.;kr~(8) yÄïk(3)
a xRok
(9) (4) (6) (7) (5) (12)
;q¼s jko.ka ok.ksu gRok foHkh"k.kk; yÄkï jkT;e~ v;PNr~ A
Øela[;k 'kCnk%@inkfu dkjde~ foHkfDr%

1] 2 lqr%] jke% drkZ izFkek
3] 4] 5 yÄkï ]a jko.ka] deZ f}rh;k
yÄïkjkT;e~
6 ok.ksu dj.ke~ r`rh;k
7 foHkh"k.kk; lEiznkue~ prqFkhZ
8 n.Mdkj.;kr~ viknkue~ i×peh
9 ;q¼s vf/dj.ke~ lIreh
fo'ks"k%& "k"Bh&foHkDrs% vFkZ% lEcU/% vfLrA lEcU/% lEcks/ua p dkjda u

HkofrA mnkgj.ke~&^n'kjFkL;*(10) ^gs Nk=kk%* (11) bfr in;ks% lk{kkr~ vUo;% fØ;;k
^v;PNr~*(12) bR;usu insu lg ukfLrA vr% laLÑrs ,rs ins dkjosQ u Hkor%A
'kCn:ikf.k
vdkjkUr&iqf¡ YyÄ&õ 'kCn%
ckyd
foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkek ckyd% ckydkS ckydk%
f}rh;k ckyde~ ckydkS ckydku~
r`rh;k ckyosQu ckydkH;ke~ ckyoSQ%
prqFkhZ ckydk; ckydkH;ke~ ckyosQH;%
i×peh ckydkr~ ckydkH;ke~ ckyosQH;%
"k"Bh ckydL; ckyd;ks% ckydkuke~
lIreh ckyosQ ckyd;ks% ckyosQ"kq
lEcks/ue~ gs ckyd! gs ckydkS! gs ckydk%!
,oeso uì&nso&jke&firkeg&if.Mr&bR;knhuke~ vdkjkUr&iqf¡ YyÄõ&'kCnkuka
:ikf.k HkofUrA
vkdkjkUr&L=khfYkÄ&õ 'kCn%
ckfydk
izFkek ckfydk ckfyosQ ckfydk%
f}rh;k ckfydke~ ckfyosQ ckfydk%
r`rh;k ckfyd;k ckfydkH;ke~ ckfydkfHk%
prqFkhZ ckfydk;S ckfydkH;ke~ ckfydkH;%
i×peh ckfydk;k% ckfydkH;ke~ ckfydkH;%
99
ifjf'k"Ve~
"k"Bh ckfydk;k% ckfyd;ks% ckfydkuke~
lIreh ckfydk;ke~ ckfyd;ks% ckfydklq
lEcks/ue~ gs ckfyosQ! gs ckfyosQ! gs ckfydk%!
,oeso yrk&jek&ekyk&dfydk&bR;knhuke~ vkdkjkUr&L=khfyÄõ&'kCnkuka
:ikf.k HkofUrA
vdkjkUr&uiql
a dfyÄ&õ 'kCn%
iq"i
izFkek iq"ie~ iq"is iq"ikf.k
f}rh;k iq"ie~ iq"is iq"ikf.k
r`rh;k iq"is.k iq"ikH;ke~ iq"iS%
prqFkhZ iq"ik; iq"ikH;ke~ iq"isH;%
i×peh iq"ikr~ iq"ikH;ke~ iq"isH;%
"k"Bh iq"iL; iq"i;ks% iq"ik.kke~
lIreh iq"is iq"i;ks% iq"is"kq
lEcks/ue~ gs iq"i! gs iq"is! gs iq"ikf.kA
,oeso iQy&iqLrd&uxj&fe=k&m|ku&bR;knhuke~ vdkjkUr&uiql
a dfyÄ&õ 'kCnkuka
:ikf.k HkofUrA
bdkjkUr&iqf¡ yÄ&õ 'kCn
eqfu
izFkek eqfu% equh equ;%
f}rh;k eqfue~ equh equhu~
100
r`rh;k eqfuuk eqfuH;ke~ eqfufHk%
prqFkhZ equ;s eqfuH;ke~ eqfuH;%
i×peh equ%s eqfuH;ke~ eqfuH;%
"k"Bh equ%s eqU;ks% equhuke~
lIreh equkS eqU;ks% eqfu"kq
lEcks/ue~ gs equ!s gs equh! gs equ;%!
,oeso dfo&gfj&jfo&dfi&bR;knhuke~ bdjkUr&iqf¡ YyÄ&õ 'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrA
mdkjkUr&iqf¡ YyÄ&õ 'kCn%

Hkkuq
izFkek Hkkuq% Hkkuw Hkkuo%
f}rh;k Hkkuqe~ Hkkuw Hkkuwu~
r`rh;k Hkkuquk HkkuqH;ke~ HkkuqfHk%
prqFkhZ Hkkuos HkkuqH;ke~ HkkuqH;%
i×peh Hkkuks% HkkuqH;ke~ HkkuqH;%
"k"Bh Hkkuks% HkkUoks% Hkkuwuke~
lIreh HkkukS HkkUoks% Hkkuq"kq
lEcks/ue~ gs Hkkuks! gs Hkkuw! gs Hkkuo%!
,oeso f'k'kq&lk/q&xq#&fo".kq&bR;knhuke~ mdkjkUr&iqf¡ YyÄõ&'kCnkuka :ikf.k

HkofUrA
101
ifjf'k"Ve~
/krq&:ikf.k
yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%)
iB~ (i<+uk)
izFkeiq#"k% iBfr iBr% iBfUr
eè;eiq#"k% iBfl iBFk% iBFk
mÙkeiq#"k% iBkfe iBko% iBke%
xe~&xPN~ (tkuk)
izFkeiq#"k% xPNfr xPNr% xPNfUr
eè;eiq#"k% xPNfl xPNFk% xPNFk
mÙkeiq#"k% xPNkfe xPNko% xPNke%
LFkk&fr"B (Bgjuk)
izFkeiq#"k% fr"Bfr fr"Br% fr"BfUr
eè;eiq#"k% fr"Bfl fr"BFk% fr"BFk
mÙkeiq#"k% fr"Bkfe fr"Bko% fr"Bke%
uh&u;~ (ysuk)
izFkeiq#"k% u;fr u;r% u;fUr
eè;eiq#"k% u;fl u;Fk% u;Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% u;kfe u;ko% u;ke%
102
fpUr~ (lkspuk)
izFkeiq#"k% fpUr;fr fpUr;r% fpUr;fUr
eè;eiq#"k% fpUr;fl fpUr;Fk% fpUr;Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% fpUr;kfe fpUr;ko% fpUr;ke%
mi;qDZ rkuqlkjs.k ,o gl~] py~] [ksy]~ [kkn~] ik] (fic)] n`'k~ (i';)] /ko~]
ir~] Hkze]~ fy[k~] b"k~ (bPN)] fey~&izHk`rhuka /krwuka :ikf.k HkofUrA
y`Vy
~ dkj% (Hkfo";r~dky%)
iB~
izFkeiq#"k% ifB";fr ifB";r% ifB";fUr
eè;eiq#"k% ifB";fl ifB";Fk% ifB";Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% ifB";kfe ifB";ko% ifB";ke%
xe~
izFkeiq#"k% xfe";fr xfe";r% xfe";fUr
eè;eiq#"k% xfe";fl xfe";Fk% xfe";Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% xfe";kfe xfe";ko% xfe";ke%
LFkk
izFkeiq#"k% LFkkL;fr LFkkL;r% LFkkL;fUr
eè;eiq#"k% LFkkL;fl LFkkL;Fk% LFkkL;Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% LFkkL;kfe LFkkL;ko% LFkkL;ke%
103
ifjf'k"Ve~
uh
izFkeiq#"k% us";fr us";r% us";fUr
eè;eiq#"k% us";fl us";Fk% us";Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% us";kfe us";ko% us";ke%
fpUr~
izFkeiq#"k% fpUrf;";fr fpUrf;";r% fpUrf;";fUr
eè;eiq#"k% fpUrf;";fl fpUrf;";Fk% fpUrf;";Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% fpUrf;";kfe fpUrf;";ko% fpUrf;";ke%
,oeso gl~] py~] [ksy]~ [kkn~] /ko~] ir~] Hkze]~ fy[k~ (ysf[k";fr)] ik (ikL;fr)]
n`'k~ (nz{;fr)] b"k~ (,f"k";fr)] fey~&izHk`rhuka èkkrwuka :ikf.k HkofUrA
yÄ~ydkj% (vrhrdky%)
iB~
izFkeiq#"k% viBr~ viBrke~ viBu~
eè;eiq#"k% viB% viBre~ viBr
mÙkeiq#"k% viBe~ viBko viBke
xe~
izFkeiq#"k% vxPNr~ vxPNrke~ vxPNu~
eè;eiq#"k% vxPN% vxPNre~ vxPNr
mÙkeiq#"k% vxPNe~ vxPNko vxPNke
104
LFkk
izFkeiq#"k% vfr"Br~ vfr"Brke~ vfr"Bu~
eè;eiq#"k% vfr"B% vfr"Bre~ vfr"Br
mÙkeiq#"k% vfr"Be~ vfr"Bko vfr"Bke
uh
izFkeiq#"k% vu;r~ vu;rke~ vu;u~
eè;eiq#"k% vu;% vu;re~ vu;r
mÙkeiq#"k% vu;e~ vu;ko vu;ke
fpUr~
izFkeiq#"k% vfpUr;r~ vfpUr;rke~ vfpUr;u~
eè;eiq#"k% vfpUr;% vfpUr;re~ vfpUr;r
mÙkeiq#"k% vfpUr;e~ vfpUr;ko vfpUr;ke
,oeso gl~] py~] [ksy]~ [kkn~] ik] n`'k~] /ko~] ir~] Hkze]~ fy[k~] b"k~ (,sPNr~)]
fey~&izHk`rhuka /krwuka :ikf.k HkofUrA
yksV&~ ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%)

iB~
izFkeiq#"k% iBrq iBrke~ iBUrq
eè;eiq#"k% iB iBre~ iBr
mÙkeiq#"k% iBkfu iBko iBke
105
ifjf'k"Ve~
xe~
izFkeiq#"k% xPNrq xPNrke~ xPNUrq
eè;eiq#"k% xPN xPNre~ xPNr
mÙkeiq#"k% xPNkfu xPNko xPNke
LFkk
izFkeiq#"k% fr"Brq fr"Brke~ fr"BUrq
eè;eiq#"k% fr"B fr"Bre~ fr"Br
mÙkeiq#"k% fr"Bkfu fr"Bko fr"Bke
uh
izFkeiq#"k% u;rq u;rke~ u;Urq
eè;eiq#"k% u; u;re~ u;r
mÙkeiq#"k% u;kfu u;ko u;ke
fpUr~
izFkeiq#"k% fpUr;rq fpUr;rke~ fpUr;Urq
eè;eiq#"k% fpUr; fpUr;re~ fpUr;r
mÙkeiq#"k% fpUr;kfu fpUr;ko fpUr;ke
mi;qDZ rkuqlkjeso gl~] py~] [ksy]~ [kkn~] ik] n`'k~] /ko~] ir~] Hkze]~ fy[k~] b"k~]
fey~&izHk`rhuka /krwuka :ikf.k HkofUrA
106
xiii
ikBkuqØef.kdk
iqjksoko~Q v
Hkwfedk ix
eXye~ 1
izFke% ikB% lqHkkf"krkfu 3
f}rh;% ikB% nqcfZq ¼% fou';fr 7
r`rh;% ikB% LokoyEcue~ 13
prqFkZ% ikB% gkL;ckydfolEesyue~ (vO;;iz;ksx%) 19
i×pe% ikB% if.Mrk jekckbZ 26
"k"B% ikB% lnkpkj% 31
lIre% ikB% lÄïYi% flf¼nk;d% (/krqi;z ksx%) 36
v"Ve% ikB% f=ko.kZ% èot% 44
uoe% ikB% foeku;kua jp;ke 49
n'ke% ikB% fo'ocU/qRoe~ (dkjdfoHkfDr% miinfoHkfDr'p) 53
,dkn'k% ikB% leok;ks fg nqt;Z % 59
}kn'k% ikB% dYiyrso fo|k 64
=k;ksn'k% ikB% ve`ra laLÑre~ (bdkjkUrL=khfyÄ%õ ) 69
prqn'Z k% ikB% vukfjdk;k% ftKklk (½dkjkUriqf¡ YyÄõ%) 75
i×pn'k% ikB% ykyuxhre~ 80
ifjf'k"Ve~ o.kZfopkj%] dkjde~] 'kCn:ikf.k /krq:ikf.k p 85
eÄõye~
fo'okfu nso lfornqZfjrkfu ijk lqo A
;n~ Hkæa rUu vk lqo AA 1 AA
&½Xosn% (5-82-5)
ijLijfojksf/U;ksjsdlaJ;nqyZHke~ A
lÄõra JhljLoR;ksHkwZr;s˘Lrq lnk lrke~ AA 2 AA
&foØeksoZ'kh;e~ (5-24)
HkkokFkZ%
gs lw;Z nso! gekjs leLr ikiksa dks nwj djsa rFkk tks gekjs fy, eXydkjd
gS mls gesa iznku djsa AA 1 AA
,d nwljs osQ fojks/ esa jgus okyh y{eh vkSj ljLorh dk ,d vkJ; esa
nqyZHk lekxe lnk lTtuksa osQ dY;k.k osQ fy, gks AA 2 AA
lqHkkf"krkfu 3
izFke% ikB%
lqHkkf"krkfu
i`fFkO;ka =khf.k jRukfu tyeÂa lqHkkf"kre~ A
ew<S% ik"kk.k[k.Ms"kq jRulaKk fo/h;rs AA 1 AA
lR;su /k;Zrs i`Foh lR;su rirs jfo% A

lR;su okfr ok;q'p lo± lR;s izfrf"Bre~ AA 2 AA
nkus rifl 'kkS;Zs p foKkus fou;s u;s A

foLe;ks u fg dÙkZO;ks cgqjRuk olqU/jk AA 3 AA
lf‰jso lgklhr lf‰% oqQohZr lÄõfre~ A

lf‰foZokna eS=kha p uklf‰% fdf×pnkpjsr~ AA 4 AA
/u/kU;iz;ksxs"kq fo|k;k% laxzgs"kq p A

vkgkjs O;ogkjs p R;DryTt% lq[kh Hkosr~ AA 5 AA
{keko'khÑfryksZosQ {ke;k ¯d u lkè;rs A

'kkfUr[kM~x% djs ;L; ¯d dfj";fr nqtuZ % AA 6 AA
4 #fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%
'kCnkFkkZ%
i`fFkO;ke~ & /jrh ij

lqHkkf"kre~ & lqUnj opu
ew<S% & ew[kks± osQ }kjk
ik"kk.k[k.Ms"kq & iRFkj osQ VqdM+ksa esa
jRulaKk & jRu dk uke
fo/h;rs & fd;k tkrk gS
/k;Zrs & /kj.k fd;k tkrk gS
rirs & tyrk gS
okfr & cgrk gS @ cgrh gS
ok;q'p (ok;q% $ p) & iou Hkh
izfrf"Bre~ & fLFkr gS
rifl & riL;k esa
'kkS;sZ & cy esa
u;s & uhfr esa
foLe;% & vk'p;Z
cgqjRuk & vusd jRuksa okyh
olqU/jk & i`fFkoh
lf‰jso (lf‰% $ ,o) & lTtuksa osQ lkFk gh
lgklhr (lg $ vklhr) & lkFk cSBuk pkfg,
oqQohZr & djuk pkfg,
lf‰foZokne~ (lf‰% $ fookne~) & lTtuksa osQ lkFk >xM+k
lqHkkf"krkfu 5
uklf‰% (u$ vlf‰%) & vlTtu yksxksa osQ lkFk ugha

/u/kU;iz;ksxs"kq & /u/kU; osQ iz;ksx esa@O;ogkj esa
laxzgs"kq & laxzgksa esa] lap; (bdêòk) djus esa
R;DryTt% & ladksp ;k Hkh:rk dks NksM+usokyk
{keko'khÑfryksZosQ & lalkj esa {kek (lcls cM+k)
({keko'khÑfr% $ yksosQ) o'khdj.k gS
'kkfUr[kM~x% & 'kkfUr dh ryokj
vH;kl%
1- lokZu~ 'yksdku~ lLoja xk;rA
2- ;Fkk;ksX;a 'yksdka'kku~ esy;r&
d [k
/u/kU;iz;ksxs"kq uklf‰% fdf×pnkpjsrA~
foLe;ks u fg dÙkZO;% R;DryTt% lq[kh HkosrA~
lR;su /k;Zrs i`Foh cgqjRuk olqU/jkA
lf‰foZokna eS=kha p fo|k;k% laxgz "s kq pA
vkgkjs O;ogkjs p lR;su rirs jfo%A
3- ,dinsu mÙkjr&
(d) i`fFkO;ka dfr jRukfu\
([k) ew<%S oqQ=k jRulaKk fo/h;rs\
(x) i`fFkoh osQu /k;Zr\s
(?k) oSQ% lÄõ¯r oqQohZr\
(Ä) yksoQs o'khÑfr% dk\
4- js[kkfÄïrinkfu vf/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) lR;su okfr ok;q%A
([k) lf‰% ,o lgklhrA
(x) olqU/jk cgqjRuk HkofrA
(?k) fo|k;k% laxgz "s kq R;DryTt% lq[kh HkosrA~
(Ä) lf‰% eS=kha oqQohZrA
5- iz'ukukeqÙkjkf.k fy[kr&
(d) oqQ=k foLe;% u dÙkZO;%\
([k) i`fFkO;ka =khf.k jRukfu dkfu\
(x) R;DryTt% oqQ=k lq[kh Hkosr\~
6- e×tw"kkr% inkfu fpRok fyÄõkuqlkja fy[kr&
jRukfu olqU/jk lR;su lq[kh vÂe~ ofÉ% jfo% i`Foh lÄõfre~
iq¡fYyÄeõ ~ L=khfyÄeõ ~ uiqaldfyÄEõ k~

-------------------- -------------------- --------------------
-------------------- -------------------- --------------------
-------------------- -------------------- --------------------
7- v/ksfyf[krins"kq /kro% osQ lfUr\

ine~ /krq%
dÙkZO;% --------------------
i'; --------------------
Hkosr~ --------------------
fLFkr% --------------------
nqcqZf¼% fou';fr 7
f}rh;% ikB%
nqcqZf¼% fou';fr
vfLr ex/ns'ks iqQYyksRiyuke lj%A r=k ladVfodVukedkS galkS fuolr%A
dEcqxhz oukek r;ks% fe=ke~ ,d% owQeZ% vfi r=kSo izfrolfr LeA
vFk ,dnk èkhojk% r=k vkxPNu~ vdFk;u~ p&o;a 'o% eRL;owQekZnhu~
ekjf;";ke%A ,rr~ JqRok
owQeZ% vonr~&^^fe=ks!
¯d ;qokH;ka èkhojk.kka
okrkZ Jqrk\ vèkquk fde~
vga djksf e\** gal kS
vonrke~& ^îzkr% ;n~
mfpra rRdÙkZO;e~A** owQeZ%
vonr~& ^êSoe~A rn~
;Fkk¿ge~ vU;a ßna
xPNkfe rFkk oqQ#re~A**
galkS vonrke~&^^vkoka ¯d djoko\** owQeZ% vonr~&^^vga Hkon~H;ka lg
vkdk'kekxs.Z k vU;=k xUrqe~ bPNkfeA**
gaLkkS vonrke~&^^v=k d% mik;%\** dPNi% onfr&^^;qoka dk"Bn.Me~ ,oaQ
p×Pok /kj;rke~A vga dk"Bn.Meè;s voyEC; ;qokH;ka i{kcysu lq[ksu
xfe";kfeA** galkS vdFk;rke~& ^^lEHkofr ,"k% mik;%A fdUrq v=k ,d% vik;ks¿fi
orZrAs vkokH;ka uh;ekua RokeoyksD; tuk% fdf×pn~ ofn";fUr ,oA ;fn RoeqÙkja
nkL;fl rnk ro ej.ka fuf'pre~A vr% Roe~ v=kSo olA** rr~ JqRok ozQq ¼%
owQeZ% vonr~&^^fdega ew[kZ%\ mÙkja u nkL;kfeA fdf×pnfi u ofn";kfeA** vr%

vga ;Fkk mDroku~ rFkk ;qoka oqQ#re~A
,oa Ñrs dk"Bn.Ms yEcekua
owQe± n`"V~ok xksikydk% i'pkn~
vèkkou~ vonu~ p& ^^gagks!
egnk'p;Ze~A galkH;ka lg
owQeksZ¿fi mM~Mh;rsA** df'pn~
onfr& ^^;|;a owQeZ% dFkefi
fuirfr rnk v=kS o iDRok
[kkfn";kfeA** vij% vonr~&
^^ljLrhjs nXèok [kkfn";kfe**A
vU;% vdFk;r~& ^^x`ga uhRok
Hk{kf;";kfe** bfrA
rs"kka rn~ opua JqRok owQeZ% fe=k;ks% nÙka opua foLe`R; dksius vonr~&^^;w;a
HkLe [kknr** bfr onÂso owQeZ% vkdk'kkr~ ifrr% xksikyoSQ% ekfjr'pA
vr,oksDre~&
lqânka fgrdkekuka okD;a ;ks ukfHkuUnfrA
l owQeZ bo nqcfZq ¼% dk"Bkn~ Hkz"Vks fou';frAA
'kCnkFkkZ%
lj% & rkykc

owQeZ%@dPNi% & dNqvk
izfrolfr Le & jgrk Fkk
/hojk% & eNqvkjs
nqcqZf¼% fou';fr 9
eRL;owQekZnhu~ & eNyh] dNqvk vkfn dks

ekjf;";ke% & ekjsaxs
eSoe~ (ek $ ,oe~) & ,slk ugha
ßne~ & rkykc dks
/kj;rke~ & /kj.k djsa
i{kcysu & ia[kks osQ cy ls
vik;% & gkfu
uh;ekue~ & ys tkrs gq,
voyksD; & ns[kdj
yEcekue~ & yVdrs gq, (dks)
mM~Mh;rs & mM+ jgk gS
foLe`R; & Hkwy dj
HkLe & jk[k
lqânke~ & fe=kksa dk@osQ@dh
fgrdkeuke~ & dY;k.k dh bPNk j[kus okys dk@osQ@dh
vfHkuUnfr & izlÂrkiwoZd Lohdkj djrk@djrh gS
nqcqZf¼% & nq"V cqf¼ okyk
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
iqQYyksRiye~ voyEC; iDRok
dEcqxzho% vkokH;ke~ Hk{kf;";kfe
mDroku~ ßne~ lqânke~
Hkon~H;ke~ mM~Mh;rs Hkz"V%
2- ,dinsu mÙkjr&
(d) owQeZL; ¯d uke vklhr~\
([k) ljLrhjs osQ vkxPNu~\
(x) owQeZ% osQu ekxs.Z k vU;=k xUrqe~ bPNfr\
(?k) yEcekua owQe± n`"V~ok osQ v/kou~\
3- v/ksfyf[krokD;kfu d% oaQ izfr dFk;fr bfr fy[kr&

d% dFk;fr oaQ izfr dFk;fr
;Fkk& izkr% ;n~ mfpra rRdÙkZO;e~A galkS owQe± izfr
(d) vga Hkon~H;ka lg vkdk'kekxs.Z k xUrqe~ bPNkfeA -------------------- --------------------
([k) v=k d% mik;%\ -------------------- --------------------
(x) vge~ mÙkja u nkL;kfeA -------------------- --------------------
(?k) ;w;a HkLe [kknrA -------------------- --------------------
4- e×tw"kkr% fØ;kina fpRok okD;kfu iwj;r&
vfHkuUnfr Hk{kf;";ke% bPNkfe ofn";kfe mM~Mh;rs izfrolfr Le
(d) galkH;ka lg owQeks¿Z fi --------------------A

([k) vga fdf×pnfi u --------------------A
(x) ;% fgrdkeuka lqânka okD;a u --------------------A
(?k) ,d% owQeZ% vfi r=kSo --------------------A
(Ä) vge~ vkdk'kekxs.Z k vU;=k xUrqe~ --------------------A
(p) o;a x`ga uhRok owQe± --------------------A
nqcqZf¼% fou';fr 11
5- iw.kZokD;su mÙkjr&
(d) dPNi% oqQ=k xUrqe~ bPNfr\
([k) dPNi% de~ mik;a onfr\
(x) yEcekua owQe± n`"V~ok xksikydk% fde~ vonu~\
(?k) owQeZ% fe=k;ks% opua foLe`R; fde~ vonr~\
6- ?kVukØekuqlkja okD;kfu fy[kr&

(d) owQeZ% gal;ks% lgk;r;k vkdk'kekxs.Z k vxPNr~A
([k) xksikydk% vdFk;u~&o;a ifrra owQe± [kkfn";ke%A
(x) owQeZ% galkS p ,dfLeu~ ljfl fuolfUr LeA
(?k) osQfpr~ /hojk% ljLrhjs vkxPNu~A
(Ä) owQeZ% vU;=k xUrqe~ bPNfr LeA
(p) yEcekua owQe± n`"V~ok xksikydk% v/kou~A
(N) owQeZ% vkdk'kkr~ ifrr% xksikyoSQ% ekfjr'pA
(t) ô;a 'o% eRL;owQekZnhu~ ekjf;";ke%* bfr /hojk% vdFk;u~A
tyk'k;e~ vfpUr;r~ o`¼% nq%f[krk% dksVjs

o`{kL; liZ% vknk; lehis
,dL; o`{kL; 'kk[kklq vusoQs dkdk% olfUr LeA rL; o`{kL; ------------------- ,d%
liZ% vfi volr~A dkdkuke~ vuqifLFkrkS ------------------- dkdkuka f'k'kwu~ [kknfr LeA
dkdk% ------------------- vklu~A rs"kq ,d% ------------------- dkd% mik;e~ -------------------A

o`{kL; ------------------- tyk'k;% vklhr~A r=k ,dk jktoqQekjh Lukrqa ------------------- vkxPNfrA
f'kyk;ka fLFkra rL;k% vkHkj.ke~ ------------------- ,d% dkd% o`{kL; mifj vLFkki;r~A
jktlsodk% dkde~ vuqlR` ; ------------------- lehie~ vxPNu~A r=k rs ra li± p vekj;u~A
vr% ,oksDre~&mik;su lo± fl¼;frA
è;krO;e~&
7 b;a dFkk î×prU=ke~* bfr xzUFkkr~ mn~/r` kA i×prU=kL; ys[kd% fo".kq'kekZA
i×pkuka rU=kk.kka lekgkj% i×prU=ke~ bfrA vr% i×prU=kL; i×p Hkkxk%
lfUr&fe=kHksn%] fe=kykHk%] lfU/foxzg%] yC/iz.kk'k% vijhf{kr&dkjd×pA
7 vfLeu~ ikBs vuoljs Hkk"k.ksu dFka loZuk'k% Hkorhfr nf'kZre~A Dofpr~
ekSua dk;ZlkèkoaQ HkofrA ;FkksÙkQe~&
foHkw"k.ka ekSueif.Mrkuke~A
ew[kksZ fg 'kksHkrs rkor~ ;kor~ fdf×pUu Hkk"krsA
r`rh;% ikB%
LokoyEcue~
la[;kokfp'kCnk% rn~&,rn~&'kCnkS p
Ñ".kewfrZ% Jhd.B'p fe=ks vkLrke~A Jhd.BL; firk le`¼% vklhr~A vr% rL;
Hkous loZfo/kfu lq[k&lkèkukfu vklu~A
rfLeu~ fo'kkys Hkous pRokfja'kr~ LrEHkk%
vklu~A r=k v"Vkn'k&izdks"Bs"kq i×pk'kr~
xok{kk%] prq'pRokfja'kr~ }kjkf.k p
vklu~A ija Ñ".kewr%Zs ekrk firk p
Ñ"kdnEirhA rL; oklx` g a
vkMEcjfoghua lqUnj×p vklhr~A
,dnk Jhd.B% rsu lg rL; x`ge~
vxPNr~A r=k Ñ".kewfrZ% rL; ekrk firk p
Lo'kDR;k Jhd.BL; vkfrF;e~ voqQoZuA~ rL;
x`gs dks¿fi deZdj% uklhr~A ,rr~ n`"V~ok
Jhd.B% vdFk;r~& ^^fe=k! vga Hkorke~
vkfrF;su lUrq"Vks¿fLeA osQoye~ ,rnso rF;a
eka nq%[k;fr ;r~ ro x`gs ,dks¿fi Hk`R;% ukfLr
;su ee vkfrF;k; HkoUr% d"Va oqQoZfUrA ee
x`gs rq cgo% deZdjk% lfUrA** rnk LokoyEch
Ñ".kewfrZ% vonr~&^^fe=k! eekfi v"VkS
deZdjk% lfUrA rs p }kS iknkS] }kS gLrkS] }s
us=ks] }s Jks=ks bfrA ,rs izfr{k.ka eekèkhuk%A ijUrq ro Hk`R;k% vgfuZ'ka dekZf.k drq±
u 'kDuqofUrA Roa rq Lodk;kZFk± LoHk`R;kèkhu%A ;nk ;nk rs vuqifLFkrk%] rnk
rnk Roa d"Ve~ vuqHkoflA LokoyEcus rq loZnk lq[keso] u dnkfi d"Va HkofrA**
vga ekls ekls ½rkS ½rkS p Lo&fnup;kZe~ vuqoQw y;kfeA ,rr~ JqRok Jhd.B%
vdFk;r~&^^fe=k! vga rq u tkukfe osQ eklk% HkofUr osQ p ½ro%A** ,rr~
JqRok Ñ".kewfrZ% }kn'keklkuka "k..kke~ ½rwuka p ukekfu vonr~A Jhd.B%
vi`PNr~&^^,dfLeu~ ekls dfr fnukfu HkofUr**A Ñ".kewfrZ% vonr~&^^,dfLeu~
ekls f=ka'kr~ ,df=ka'kr~ ok fnukfu HkofUrA iQjojh&ekls v"Vkfoa'kfr% fnukfu
HkofUrA ijUrq r=k izR;soQa prqFksZ o"ksZ fnukuka la[;k ,dksufoa'kfr% Hkofr**A Jhd.B%
vonr~&^^fe=k! ro opukfu JqRok ee eufl egrh izlUurk tkrkA v/quk vgefi
Lodk;kZf.k Lo;eso dfj";kfeA**
'kCnkFkkZ%
le`¼% & /uh

pRokfja'kr~ & pkyhl
v"Vkn'k & vBkjg
izdks"Bs"kq & dejksa esa
i×pk'kr~ & ipkl
xok{kk% & f[kM+fd;k¡
prq'pRokfja'kr~ & pokyhl
Ñ"kdnEirh & fdlku ifr&iRuh
vkfrF;e~ & vfrfFk&lRdkj
deZdj% & ukSdj@lsod
LokoyEcue~ 15
Hkorke~ & vkiosQ

Hk`R;% & ukSdj@lsod
vgfuZ'ke~ & jkr&fnu
f=ka'kr~ & rhl
,d¯=k'kr~ & bdÙkhl
v"Vkfoa'kfr% & vV~Bkbl
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
foa'kfr% f=ka'kr~ pRokfja'kr~
}kfoa'kfr% }kf=ka'kr~ f}pRokfja'kr~
prqfo±'kfr% =k;fL=ka'kr~ =k;'pRokfja'kr~
i×pfoa'kfr% prqfL=ka'kr~ prq'pRokfja'kr~
v"Vkfoa'kfr% v"Vkf=ka'kr~ lIrpRokfja'kr~
uofoa'kfr% uof=ka'kr~ i×pk'kr~
2- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqÙkjkf.k fy[kr&
(d) dL; Hkous loZfo/kfu lq[klk/ukfu vklu~\
([k) dL; x`gs deZdj% uklhr~\
(x) Jhd.BL; vkfrF;e~ osQ vdqouZ \~
(?k) izR;soQa prqFkZo"ksZ iQjojh&ekls dfr fnukfu HkofUr\
(Ä) dfr ½ro% HkofUr\
(p) Ñ".kewr%Zs dfr deZdjk% lfUr\
3- fp=kkf.k x.kf;Rok rnxzs la[;kokpd'kCna fy[kr&
-------------------------------- --------------------------------
-------------------------------- --------------------------------
-------------------------------- --------------------------------
4- e×tw"kkr% vÄïkuka Ñrs inkfu fpuqr&
pRokfja'kr~ lIrfoa'kfr% ,df=ka'kr~ i×pk'kr~ v"Vkfoa'kfr% f=ka'kr~ prqfo±'kfr%
28 -------------------------- 27 --------------------------
30 -------------------------- 31 --------------------------
LokoyEcue~ 17
24 -------------------------- 40 --------------------------
50 --------------------------
5- fp=ka n`"V~ok e×tw"kkr% inkfu p iz;Tq ; okD;kfu jp;r&
Ñ"kdk% Ñ"kdkS ,rs /kU;e~ ,"k% Ñ"kd%

,rkS {ks=ke~ d"kZfr oqQ#r% [kuudk;Ze~ jksi;fUr
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6- js[kkfÄrï kfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

;Fkk& vga LokoyEcuL; lq[ka izfrfnue~ vuqHkokfeA
vga dL; lq[ka izfrfnue~ vuqHkokfe\
(d) Ñ".kewfrZ% lkekU;Ñ"kdL; iq=k% vklhr~A
([k) v/quk x`gs dks¿fi deZdj% ukfLrA
(x) u{k=kk.kke~ vkokxeua Lo;eso HkofrA
(?k) ,dfLeu~ oxsZ lIrn'k Nk=kk% viBu~A
"kM~ f=ka'kr~ ,df=ka'kr~ }kS }kn'k v"Vkfoa'kfr%
(d) ----------------- ½ro% HkofUrA

([k) eklk% ----------------- HkofUrA
(x) ,dfLeu~ ekls ----------------- vFkok ----------------- fnolk% HkofUrA
(?k) iQjojh&ekls lkekU;r% ----------------- fnukfu HkofUrA
(Ä) ee 'kjhjs ----------------- gLrkS Lr%A
è;krO;e~&
oSfndijEijkuqlkja Hkkjrh;eklkuka ½rwuka p ukekfu&
1- pS=k% 7- vkf'ou%
1- olUr% 4- 'kjn~
2- oS'kk[k% 8- dkfrZd%
3- T;s"B% 9- ekxZ'kh"kZ%
2- xzh"e% 5- gseUr%
4- vk"kk<% 10- ikS"k%
5- Jko.k% 11- ek?k%
3- o"kkZ 6- f'kf'kj%
6- Hkknzin% 12- iQkYxqu%
gkL;ckydfolEesyue~ 19
prqFkZ% ikB%
gkL;ckydfolEesyue~
vO;;iz;ksx%
(fofo/&os'kHkw"kk/kfj.k% pRokj% ckydo;% e×pL; mifj mifo"Vk% lfUrA v/% Jksrkj%

gkL;dforkJo.kk; mRlqdk% lfUr dksykgya oqQoZfUr p)
l×pkyd% & vya dksykgysuA v| ija g"kZL; volj% ;r~ vfLeu~ dfolEesyus
dkO;gUrkj% dky;kidk'p HkkjrL; gkL;dfo/qjU/jk% lekxrk%
lfUrA ,fg] djryèofuuk o;e~ ,rs"kka Lokxra oqQeZ%A
xtk/j% & losHZ ;ks¿jflosQH;ks ueks ue%A izFkea rkon~ vge~ vk/qfuda oS|e~
mfí'; Lodh;a dkO;a Jko;kfe&
oS|jkt! ueLrqH;a ;ejktlgksnj A

;eLrq gjfr izk.kku~ oS|% izk.kku~ /ukfu p AA
(losZ mPpS% glfUr)
dkykUrd% & vjs! oS|Lrq loZ=k ijUrq u rs ekn`'kk% oqQ'kyk% tula[;kfuokj.ksA
eekfi dkO;e~ bna Ük`.oUrq HkoUr%&
fprka izTTofyrka n`"V~ok oS|ks foLe;ekxr% A
ukga xrks u es Hkzkrk dL;sna gLryk?koe~ AA
(losZ iqu% glfUr)
rqfUny% & (rqUnL; mifj gLre~ vkorZ;u~) rqfUnyks¿ga Hkks%A eekfi bna dkO;a
Jw;rke~] thous /k;Zrka p&
ijkÂa izkI; nqc¼
Zq !s ek 'kjhjs n;ka oqQ# A
ijkÂa nqyZHka yksds 'kjhjkf.k iqu% iqu% AA
(losZ iqu% vV~Vgkla oqQoZfUr)
/qU/% & vjs! HkoUr% tkufUr ,o ;n~ vk/qfudk% oSKkfudk% IywVks&xzga u
LohOkqQoZfUrA rs"kka ers v"V ,o xzgk%] fdUrq eUersu n'k xzgk%
lfUrA
Jksrkj% & vf;! dfo/qjU/j! dLrkor~ n'keks xzg%\ vLekfHk% dnkfi u
Jqre~A rL; p d% izHkko%\
/qU/% & lko/kueulk Ük`.oUrq HkoUr% n'kexzgL; oSf'k"V~;e~μ
lnk oØ% lnk ozQw j% lnk eku/ukig% A
dU;kjkf'kfLFkrks fuR;a tkekrk n'keks xzg% AA
(dkO;ikBJo.ksu mRizfs jr% ,d% ckydks¿fi vk'kqdforka jp;fr lgkla
Jko;fr p)
ckyd% & Jw;rke~] Jw;rka Hkks%! eekfi dkO;e~&

xtk/ja ;ea ukSfe rqfUnya pkÂyksyiq e~ A
n'kea p xzga /qU/a dkykUroaQ rFkSo p AA
(dkO;a Jkof;Rok ^gk gk gk* bfr ÑRok glfrA vU;s pk¿fi glfUrA
cfg% fu"ØE; losZ x`ga p xPNfUrA)
'kCnkFkkZ%
v/% & uhps

dksykgye~ & 'kksj
dkO;gUrkj% & dkO; dks u"V djus okys
dky;kidk% & le; cCkkZn djus okys
/qjU/jk% & vxz.kh] Js"B
,fg & vk;sa] vkb,
djryèofuuk & rkfy;ksa ls
vjflosQH;% & uhjl tuksa dks
Lodh;e~ & vius
ekn`'kk% & esjs tSls
gLryk?koe~ & gkFk dh liQkbZ
rqUnL; & rksan osQ
vkorZ;u~ & isQjrk gqvk
èkk;Zrke~ & /kj.k djsa
ijkÂe~ & nwljksa osQ vUu dks

eUersu (ee $ ersu) & esjs er ls
oØ% & Vs<+k
ozwQj% & funZ;h] fu"Bqj
eku/ukig% & lEeku vkSj /u dk
vigj.k djusokyk
tkekrk & tekbZ] nkekn
mRizsfjr% & izsj.kk ls
vk'kqdforke~ & rkRdkfyd dfork dks
lgkle~ & g¡lh osQ lkFk
ukSfe & iz.kke djrk gw¡
vÂyksyqie~ & vukt dk yksHkh
fu"ØE; & fudy dj
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
mifj v/% mPpS%
uhpS% cfg% vye~
dnkfi vUr% iqu%
oqQ=k dnk ,dnk
2- e×tw"kkr% vO;;inkfu fpRok okD;kfu iwj;r&
vye~ vUr% cfg% v/% mifj
(d) o`{kL; ----------------- [kxk% olfUrA

([k) ----------------- fooknsuA
(x) o"kkZdkys x`gkr~ ----------------- ek xPNA
(?k) e×pL; ----------------- Jksrkj% mifo"Vk% lfUrA
(Ä) Nk=kk% pyfPp=kx`gL; ----------------- izfo'kfUrA
3- v'kq¼a ina fpuqr&

(d) xefUr] ;PNfUr] i`PNfUr] /kofUrA ----------------------
([k) jkes.k] x`g.s k] lis.Z k] xts.kA ----------------------
(x) yr;k] lqfiz;k] je;k] fu'k;kA ----------------------
(?k) yrs] jes] ekrs] fiz;As ----------------------
(Ä) fy[kfr] xtZfr] iQyfr] lsofrA ----------------------
4- e×tw"kkr% lekukFkZdinkfu fpRok fy[kr&
izlÂrk;k% fpfdRlde~ yCèok oqQfVy% n{kk%
izkI; -----------------
oqQ'kyk% -----------------
g"kZL; -----------------
oØ% -----------------
oS|e~ -----------------
(d) e×ps dfr ckydo;% mifo"Vk% lfUr\

([k) osQ dksykgya oqQoZfUr\
(x) xtk/j% de~ mfí'; dkO;a izLrkSfr\
(?k) rqfUny% dL; mifj gLre~ vkoÙkZ;fr\
(Ä) yksoQs iqu% iqu% dkfu HkofUr\
(p) n'ke% xzg% d%\
ukfldk;keso okjaokje~ [kM~xsu nwje~ fe=krk ef{kdk

O;tusu mikfo'kr~ fNUuk lqIr% fiz;%
iqjk ,dL; uìL; ,d% -------------- okuj% vklhr~A ,dnk uì% -------------- vklhr~A okuj%
-------------- re~ voht;r~A rnSo ,dk
-------------- uìL; ukfldk;ke~ --------------- A
;|fi okuj% -------------- O;tusu rka fuokj;fr
Le rFkkfi lk iqu% iqu% uìL; -------------
mifo'kfr LeA vUrs l% ef{kdka gUraq

-------------- izgkje~ vdjksrA~ ef{kdk rq mM~Mh; -------------- xrk] fdUrq [kM~xizgkjs.k uìL;
ukfldk -------------- vHkor~A vr,oksP;rs&^êw[kZtuS% lg -------------- uksfprkA**

7- foykseinkfu ;kst;r&
v/% uhpS%
vUr% lqyHke~
nqcqZ¼s! mifj
mPpS% cfg%
nqyZHke~ lqcq¼s!
è;krO;e~&
vfLeu~ ikBs v/%] vUr%] cfg%] uhpS%] iqu% bR;knhfu vO;;inkfu lfUrA
,"kka f=k"kq fyÄ"õs kq] f=k"kq opus"kq lokZlq foHkfDr"kq p ,deso :ia Hkofr] fodkjks
u tk;rsA
mDr×p&
ln`'ka f=k"kq fyÄ"õs kq lokZlq p foHkfDr"kq A
opus"kq p los"Z kq ;Â O;sfr rnO;;e~ AA
i×pe% ikB%
if.Mrk jekckbZ
jekckbZ laLÑroSn"q ;s.k îf.Mrk* ^ljLorh* bfr mikfèkH;ka
foHkwf"krkA lk 1858 res f[kz"VkCns tUe vyHkrA rL;k% firk
vuUr'kkL=kh Mksxa js ekrk p y{eh ckbZ vkLrke~A rfLeu~ dkys
L=khf'k{kk;k% fLFkfr% fpUruh;k vklhr~ A L=kh.kka Ñrs
laLÑrf'k{k.ka izk;% izpfyra uklhr~A fdUrq if.Mr% vuUr'kkL=kh
Mksxa js :f<c¼ka èkkj.kka ifjR;T; LoiRuha LkaLÑreè;ki;r~A
,rnFk± jek;k% firk lektL; izrkj.kke~ vfi vlgrA vuUrja
jek vfi Loekrq% laLÑrf'k{kka izkIrorhA
dkyØes.k jek;k% firk foiÂ% l×tkr%A rL;k% firjkS T;s"Bk Hkfxuh p
nqfHkZ{kihfMrk% fnoÄrõ k%A rnuUrja jek Lo&T;s"BHkzk=kk lg in~H;ka lexzs Hkkjrs
Hkze.ka oqQoZrh dksydkrka izkIrkA r=k lk czãlektsu izHkkfork osnkè;;ue~ vdjksrA~
i'pkr~ lk ckfydkuka L=kh.kka p Ñrs laLÑrL; osn'kkL=kkfndL; p f'k{kk;S
vkUnksyua izkjC/orhA 1880 res f[kz"VkCns lk fofiufcgkjhnklsu lg U;k;ky;s
fookge~ vdjksrA~ lk¼Sd Z o"kkZuUrja rL;k% ifr% fnoÄõr%A
rnuUrja lk iq=;k euksje;k lg egkjk"Vªa izR;kxPNr~A ukjh.kka leqfprlEekuk;
f'k{kk;S p lk Lodh;a thoue~ vfiZrorhA loZdkjs.k la?kfVrs mPpf'k{kk&vk;ksxs
jekckbZ ukjhf'k{kkfo"k;s Loera izLrqrorhA lk mPpf'k{kkFkZe~ baXyS.Mns'ka xrorhA
r=k bZlkbZ/eZL; L=khfo"k;oSQ% mÙkefopkjS% izHkkfork tkrkA
if.Mrk jekckbZ 27
baXyS.Mns'kkr~ jekckbZ vejhdkns'ke~ vxPNr~A r=k lk HkkjrL; foèkokL=kh.kka

lgk;rkFkZe~ vFkZl×p;e~ vdjksrA~ Hkkjra izR;kxR; eqEcbZuxjs lk ^'kkjnk&lnue~*
vLFkki;r~A ije~ bna lnua
iq.ksuxjs LFkkukUrfjra tkre~A
vfLeu~ vkJes fuLlgk;k%
fL=k;% fuolfUr LeA r=k fL=k;%
eqn.z k&VÄï.k&dk"Bdyknhuk×p
izf'k{k.kefi yHkUrs LeA rnuUrja
iq.ksuxjL; lehis osQMxk¡o&ukfEu
LFkkus êqfDrfe'ku* uke laLFkkua
r;k LFkkfire~A v=k v/quk vfi
fujkfJrk% fL=k;% llEekua
thoua ;ki;fUrA
1922 res f[kz"VkCns jekckbZ&egksn;k;k% fu/ue~ vHkor~A fdUrq L=khf'k{kk;ka
lektlsok;k×p rL;k% dk;Ze~ vfoLej.kh;e~ vfLrA lektlsok;k% vfrfjDra
ys[ku{ks=ks vfi rL;k% egÙoiw.kZe~ vonkue~ vfLrA ^L=kh/eZuhfr* ^gkbZ dkLV
fgUnw foesu* bfr rL;k% izfl¼a jpuk};a orZrAs
'kCnkFkkZ%
laLÑroSnq";s.k & laLÑr dh fo}Ùkk ls

mikf/H;ke~ & mikf/;ksa ls
ifjR;T; & NksM+dj
vè;ki;r~ & i<+k;k
izrkj.kke~ & rkM+uk
vlgr & lgu fd;k
Loekrq% & viuh ekrk ls

uohuksiØeL; (uohu $ miØeL;) & u, iz;kl dk
foiÂ% & fu/Zu
fnoÄõrk% & e`R;q dks izkIr gks x,
oqQoZrh & djrh gqbZ
izkjC/orh & vkjEHk fd;k
izR;kxPNr~ (izfr $ vkxPNr~) & ykSV vkbZ
la?kfVrs & laxfBr
vFkZl×p;e~ & /u l×p;
izR;kxR; (izfr $ vkxR;) & ykSVdj
eqnz.ke~ & NikbZ
VÄï.ke~ & Vkbi
fujkfJrk% (fuj~ $ vkfJrk%) & cslgkjk
;ki;fUr & fcrkrs@fcrkrh gSa
vonkue~ & ;ksxnku
vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mÙkjr&
(d) îf.Mrk* ^ljLorh* bfr mikf/H;ka dk foHkwf"krk\
([k) jek oqQr% laLÑrf'k{kka izkIrorh\
(x) jekckbZ osQu lg fookge~ vdjksr\~
(?k) dklka f'k{kk;S jekckbZ Lodh;a thoue~ vfiZrorh\
(Ä) jekckbZ mPpf'k{kkFk± oqQ=k vxPNr~\
if.Mrk jekckbZ 29
2- js[kkfÄïrinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) jek;k% firk lektL; izrkj.kke~ vlgrA
([k) iR;q% ej.kkuUrja jekckbZ egkjk"Vªa izR;kxPNr~A
(x) jekckbZ eqEcbZuxjs ^'kkjnk&lnue~* vLFkki;r~A
(?k) 1922 res f–"VkCns jekckbZ&egksn;k;k% fu/ue~ vHkor~A
(Ä) fL=k;% f'k{kka yHkUrs LeA
3- iz'ukukeqÙkjkf.k fy[kr&
(d) jekckbZ fdeFkZe~ vkUnksyua izkjC/orh\
([k) fu%lgk;k% fL=k;% vkJes ¯d yHkUrs Le\
(x) dfLeu~ fo"k;s jekckbZ&egksn;k;k% ;ksxnkue~ vfLr\
(?k) osQu jpuk};su jekckbZ iz'kaflrk orZr\s
4- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka funs'Z kkuqlkja inifjp;a fy[kr&

inkfu ewy'kCn% fyÄõe~ foHkfDr% opue~
;Fkk&osnkuke~ osn iq¡fYyÄõe~ "k"Bh cgqopue~
firk ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
f'k{kk;S ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
dU;k% ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
in~H;ke~ ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
euksje;k ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
5- v/ksfyf[krkuka /krwuka ydkja iq#"ka opu×p fy[kr&

/krq% ydkj% iq#"k% opue~
;Fkk&vklhr~ vl~ yÄ~ izFkeiq#"k% ,dopue~
oqQoZfUr ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
vkxPNr~ ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------

fuolfUr ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
xfe";fr ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
vdjksr~ ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------

(d) jekckbZ&egksn;k;k% fofiufcgkjhnklsu lg fookg% vHkor~A
([k) 1858 res f–"VkCns jekckbZ tUe vyHkrA
(x) lk mPpf'k{kkFk± baXyS.Mns'ka xrorhA
(?k) 1922 res f–"VkCnss jekckbZ&egksn;k;k% fu/ue~ vHkor~A
(Ä) lk eqEcbZuxjs 'kkjnk&lnue~ vLFkki;r~A
(p) lk Loekrq% laLÑrf'k{kka izkIrorhA
lnkpkj% 31
"k"B% ikB%
lnkpkj%
;fLeu~ ns'ks ; vkpkj% ikjEi;ZØekxr% A
o.kkZuka lkUrjkykuka l lnkpkj mP;rs AA1AA
izkr%dkys R;tsPNÕ;keh'oja izFkea Lejsr~ A

fuR;dekZf.k ÑRok p oqQ;kZnè;;ua rr% AA2AA
lR;a cz;
w kr~ fiz;a cz;
w kr~ u cz;
w kr~ lR;efiz;e~ A
fiz;a p uku`ra cz; w kr~ ,"k /eZ% lukru% AA3AA
loZnk O;ogkjs L;kr~ vkSnk;± lR;rk rFkk A

½tqrk e`nrq k pkfi dkSfVY;a u dnkpu AA4AA
Js"Ba tua xq#a pkfi ekrja firja rFkk A

eulk deZ.kk okpk lsors lrra lnk AA5AA
fe=ks.k dyga ÑRok u dnkfi lq[kh tu% A

bfr KkRok iz;klsu rnso ifjotZ;sr~ AA6AA
'kCnkFkkZ%
vkpkj% & O;ogkj

ikjEi;ZØekxr% & ijEijkØe ls vk;k gqvk@izkIr
o.kkZuke~ & leLr oxks± dk
lkUrjkykuke~ & oxks± osQ eè; vk;s leLr mioxks± dk
R;tsr~ & NksMu+ k pkfg,] R;kxuk pkfg,
oqQ;kZr~ & djuk pkfg,
czw;kr~ & cksyuk pkfg,
vu`re~ & >wB
lukru% & lnk ls pyk vk jgk gks
L;kr~ & gks
vkSnk;Ze~ & mnkjrk
½tqrk & ljyrk
e`nqrk & dkseyrk
dkSfVY;e~ & oqQfVyrk] Vs<k+ iu
okpk & ok.kh ls
lsosr & lsok djuh pkfg,
ifjotZ;sr~ & NksM+ nsuk pkfg,
lnkpkj% 33
vH;kl%
1- lokZu~ 'yksdku~ lLoja xk;rA
2- mi;qDrdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~* vuqi;qDrdFkukuka le{ka û* bfr fy[kr&

(d) izkr% dkys bZ'oja LejsrA~
([k) vu`ra cz;w kr~A
(x) eulk Js"Btua lsors A
(?k) fe=ks.k dyga ÑRok tu% lq[kh HkofrA
(Ä) izkr%dkys 'kÕ;ka u R;tsrA~
3- ,dinsu mÙkjr&
(d) dnk 'kÕ;ka R;tsr\~
([k) dkfu ÑRok vè;;ua oqQ;kZr\~
(x) ¯d cz;w kr~\
(?k) osQu lg dyga ÑRok uj% lq[kh u Hkosr\~

(d) izFkee~ bZ'oja LejsrA~
([k) dyga ÑRok uj% nq%[kh HkofrA
(x) firja deZ.kk lsors A
(?k) O;ogkjs e`nrq k Js;lhA
(Ä) loZnk O;ogkjs ½tqrk fo/s;kA
5- iz'ueè;s =khf.k fØ;kinkfu lfUrA rkfu iz;Tq ; lkFkZd&okD;kfu jp;rA
p
firja
z;a p
ekrja
fi
k;±
a
vu`r
eulk
vkSn
oZnk l
gkjs
p
fiz;a
O;o
czw;kr~ lR;a
lsosr
Js"B L;kr~ okp
tua k xq#
deZ. a
O;og
kk
lR;e
kjs d
~ vfi
n k p u
z;a p
dkSfVY
u
;a u
(d) ------------------------------------------------A ([k) ------------------------------------------------A
(x) ------------------------------------------------A (?k) ------------------------------------------------A
(Ä) ------------------------------------------------A (p) ------------------------------------------------A
(N) ------------------------------------------------A (t) ------------------------------------------------A
6- e×tw"kkr% vO;;inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

rFkk u dnkpu lnk p vfi
(d) HkDr% --------------- bZ'oja LejfrA

([k) vlR;a --------------- oDrO;e~A
lnkpkj% 35
(x) fiz;a --------------- lR;a onsrA~

(?k) yrk es/k --------------- fo|ky;a xPNr%A
(Ä) --------------- oqQ'kyh Hkoku~\
(p) egkRekxkU/h --------------- v¯glka u vR;tr~A
fy[kfr d{kk;ke~ ';kei^s fy[kfUr l% iqfLrdk;ke~

f'k{kd% Nk=kk% mÙkjkf.k iz'ue~ rs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lIre% ikB%
lÄïYi% flf¼nk;d%
/krqi;z ksx%
ukjnopuizHkkokr~ ikoZrh f'koa ifr:is.k bPNUrh riL;ka dÙkqeZ ~ bPNfr LeA lk
LolÄïYia ek=ks U;osn;r~A rPNªRq ok ikoZR;k% ekrk fpUrkoqQyk vHkor~A
iq=;k% dkseyruqa n`"V~ok tuuh vkfn'kr~&ôRls! Do dfBua ri% Do p ro
dkseya 'kjhje~\ dFke~ vkrikr~ 'khrkr~ ok vkRekua jf{k";fl\ rfgZ ri% ek
pjA lq[ksu Lox`gs ,o olA v=kSo ozrkfnoaQ oqQ#A ,rsuoS ro euksjFkiwfrZ% Hkfo";frA*
ijUrq ikoZrh vdFk;r~&^^vEc! f'koa ifr:is.k izkIrqa riL;keso dfj";kfe
bfr es lÄYï i%A bZ'oj% ee j{kka
dfj";frA riL;kFk± dks¿fi u x`gs
olfrA** ,oeqDRok n`<fu'p;k lk
fir`x`ga ifjR;T; dkuus fufeZrka
Loi.kZoQq Vhe~ vxPNr~ f'koa p
vuU;eulk viwt;r~] fpja riL;ka
p lekpjr~A dkuus ¯gÏk% i'ko%
fopjfUr LeA rFkkfi ikoZrh fuHkZ;k olfr LeA ;rks fg fuHkZ;a tue~ bZ'oj%
Lo;eso j{kfrA
dfrfpr~ eklk% xrk%A ,dnk df'pr~ oVq% riksoua izkfo'kr~A oVqa n`"V~ok
ikoZrh vklukr~ mRFkk; reqixE; lknje~ vonr~&^ôVks] Lokxra rsA mifo'krq
Hkoku~A**
lÄYï i% flf¼nk;d% 37
oVq% oqQ'kya i`"V~ok dkSrgw ysu vi`PNr~&^^gs rifLofu! fdeFk± dfBua ri%
lekpjfl\ Lodh;ka ruqa p efyuka djksf"k\** ikoZrh u fdf×pr~ onfr LeA
rRl[kh ,o rL;k% lÄïYiL; iz;kstua oVos fuosn;fr LeA
rr~ JqRok oVq% vi`PNr~&^^vf; ikoZfr! ¯d lR;eso Roa f'koa ifrfePNfl
;ks fg vf'koa pjfr] 'e'kkus olfr\ ;L; =khf.k us=kkf.k] ;L; olua xtpeZ]
;L; vÄjõ kx% fprkHkLe] ;L; ifjtukÜp Hkwrx.kk%] ¯d reso f'koa ifre~
bPNfl\**
f'kofuUnka JqRok ikoZrh ozQq ¼k tkrkA lk vonr~&^^vilj vjs okpky! Roa
egs'ojL; ijekFkZLo:ieso u tkukflA tuk% vukfndkykr~ lÄYï ifl¼;s f'koeso
iwt;fUrA rr~ uksfpra Ro;k lg lEHkk"k.ke~A**
,oeqDRok ;nk lk izLFkkuk; m|rk] rkonso f'ko% oVks% :ia ifjR;T;

rL;k% ekxZe~ vo#è; vonr~&^îkoZfr! izhrks¿fLe ro lÄYï isu riL;;k pA**
'kCnkFkkZ%
bPNUrh & bPNk djrh gqbZ

dÙkqZe~ & djus osQ fy,
bPNfr Le & bPNk dh
ek=ks & ekrk ls@ekrk dks
rPNªRok
q (rr~ $ JqRok) & ;g lqudj
iq=;k% & iq=kh dk@osQ@dh
vkfn'kr~ & vkns'k fn;k
Do & dgk¡
vkrikr~ & /wi ls
vkRekue~ & Lo;a dks
ozrkfnde~ (ozr $ vkfnde~) & miokl vkfn dks
vEc! & gs ek¡!
izkIrqe~ & izkIr djus osQ fy,
riL;kFkZe~ (riL;k $ vFkZe)~ & riL;k osQ fy,
dks¿fi (d% $ vfi) & dksbZ
ifjR;T; & NksM+dj
dkuus & ou es@a tÄyõ esa
Loi.kZoqQVhe~ & vius iÙkksa dh oqQfV;k esa
vuU;eulk & ,dkxz fpÙk ls
fpje~ & cgqr le; rd
lekpjr~ & djus yxh@djus yxk
;rks fg & D;ksafd
dfrfpr~ & oqQN

oVq% & czãpkjh
izkfo'kr~ & izo's k fd;k@vk;k
mRFkk; & mBdj
reqixE; (re~ $ mixE;) & mlosQ ikl tkdj
mifo'krq & cSBks@cSBs
i`"V~ok & iwNdj
lekpjfl & djrh gks@djrs gks
onfr Le & cksyrh Fkh@cksyrk Fkk
vf'koe~ & veÄõy
olue~ & diM+k@oL=k
xtpeZ & gkFkh dk peM+k
vÄõjkx% & lkSUn;Z lkexzh
ifjtuk'p (ifjtuk% $ p) & lsod vkfn
Hkwrx.kk% & Hkwrizrs vkfn
vilj & nwj gVks
ijekFkZLo:ieso & fnO; :i dks gh@;FkkFkZ Lo:i
(ije $ vFkZLo:ie~ $ ,o) dks gh
lÄïYifl¼;s & lÄïYi dks iwjk djus osQ fy,
uksfpre~ (u $ mfpre~) & mfpr (Bhd) ugha gS
izLFkkuk; & tkus osQ fy,
m|rk & rS;kj gqbZ
rkonso (rkor~ $ ,o) & rHkh
vo#è; & jksddj
izhrks¿fLe (izhr% $ vfLe) & izlUu gw¡
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
vHkor~ vdFk;r~ vxPNr~
U;osn;r~ viwt;r~ lekpjr~
vkfn'kr~ izkfo'kr~ vonr~
onfr Le olfr Le j{kfr Le
fuosn;fr Le pjfr Le djksfr Le
xPNfr Le iwt;fr Le iBfr Le
2- mnkgj.ke~ vuqlR` ; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
;Fkk& olfr Le olr% Le olfUr Le
iwt;fr Le ----------------- -----------------
----------------- j{kr% Le -----------------
pjfr Le ----------------- -----------------

----------------- ----------------- oqQoZfUr Le
([k) iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

;Fkk& izFkeiq#"k% vdFk;r~ vdFk;rke~ vdFk;u~
izFkeiq#"k% ----------------- viwt;rke~ viwt;u~
izFkeiq#"k% vj{kr~ ----------------- -----------------
(x) iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

;Fkk& eè;eiq#"k% vol% volre~ volr
eè;eiq#"k% ----------------- viwt;re~ -----------------
eè;eiq#"k% ----------------- ----------------- vpjr
(?k) iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

;Fkk& mÙkeiq#"k% viBe~ viBko viBke
mÙkeiq#"k% vfy[ke~ ----------------- -----------------
mÙkeiq#"k% ----------------- vjp;ko -----------------
3- iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr&

(d) fuHkZ;a tua d% Lo;eso j{kfr\
([k) ikoZrh riL;kFk± oqQ=k vxPNr~\
(x) d% vf'koa pjfr\
(?k) f'kofuUnka JqRok dk ozQq ¼k tkrk\
(Ä) oVq:is.k riksoua d% izkfo'kr~\
4- d%@dk oaQ@dka izfr dFk;fr& d%@dk de~@dke~

;Fkk& oRls! Do dfBua ri%\ ekrk ikoZrhe~
(d) vEc! ifr:is.k f'koa izkIrqa riL;ka dfj";kfeA ------------- -------------
([k) v=kSo ozrkfnoaQ oqQ#A ------------- -------------
(x) vf; ikoZfr! lR;eso Roa f'koa ifrfePNfl\ ------------- -------------
(?k) vilj] vjs okpky! ------------- -------------
(Ä) ikoZfr! izhrks¿fLe ro riL;;kA ------------- -------------


(d) oVqa n`"V~ok ikoZrh lknja fde~ vonr~\
([k) oVq% ikoZrha fde~ vi`PNr~\
(x) ukjnopuizHkkokr~ ikoZrh ¯d dÙkZeq ~ ,sPNr~\
6- e×tw"kkr% inkfu fpRok lekukFkZdkfu inkfu fy[kr&
ekrk n`"V~ok dkuus tUro% us=kkf.k
ous -----------------
i'ko% -----------------
tuuh -----------------
u;ukfu -----------------
foyksD; -----------------
7- mnkgj.kkuqlkja injpuka oqQ#r&

;Fkk & olfr Le ¾ volr~
(d) i';fr Le ¾ ---------------------
([k) fy[kfr Le ¾ ---------------------
(x) fpUr;fr Le ¾ ---------------------
(?k) onfr Le ¾ ---------------------
(Ä) xPNfr Le ¾ ---------------------

;Fkk& vfy[kr~ ¾ fy[kfr LeA

(d) ----------------- ¾ dFk;fr LeA
([k) ----------------- ¾ u;fr LeA
(x) ----------------- ¾ iBfr LeA
(?k) ----------------- ¾ /kofr LeA
(Ä) ----------------- ¾ glfr LeA
è;krO;e~&
^Le* bR;L; iz;ksx%A
;nk orZekudkfyoSQ% /krqfHk% lg ^Le* bR;L; iz;ksx% Hkofr rnk rs /kro%
HkwrdkfydfØ;k.kke~ vFk± izdV;fUrA
;Fkk& iBfr Le & i<+rk FkkA
xPNfr Le & tkrk FkkA
v"Ve% ikB%
f=ko.kZ% èot%
(osQpu ckydk% dk'pu ckfydk'p LorU=krk&fnolL; èotkjksg.klekjksgs lksRlkga
xPNUr% ijLija layifUrA)
nso's k% & v| LorU=krk&fnol%A vLekoaQ fo|ky;L; izkpk;Z% èotkjksg.ka
dfj";frA Nk=kk'p lkaLÑfrddk;ZØeku~ izLrks";fUrA vUrs p eksndkfu
fefy";fUrA
MsfoM% & 'kq p s ! tkukfl Roe~ \
vLekoaQ èotL; ¯d uke\
'kqfp% & vjs! d% ,rkn`'k% Hkkjrh;%
;% vL; èotL; fo"k;s u
tkukfr\ vLekoaQ ns'kL;
èot% f=ko.kZ% bfrA
lyhe% & #ps! vL; uke f=ko.kZ%
dFke~\
#fp% & vfLeu~ èots =k;% o.kkZ%
lfUr] vr% f=ko.kZ%A ¯d Roe~
,rs"kka o.kkZuka ukekfu tkukfl\
lyhe% & vjs! osQ'kjo.kZ%] 'osr%] gfjr% p ,rs =k;% o.kkZ%A
nso's k% & vLekoaQ èots ,rs =k;% ,o o.kkZ% dFka x`ghrk%\
f=ko.kZ% èot% 45
lyhe% & ,rs"kka =k;k.kka o.kkZuke~ v=k fo'ks"k% vfHkizk;%A

nso's k% & d% fo'ks"k%\
lyhe% & 'k`.kq] osQ'kjo.kZ% 'kkS;LZ ;] 'osr% 'kkUrs%] gfjr'p le`¼%s lwpdk%
lfUrA Lo;a p v;a èot% vusdRos ,dRoL; |ksrd%A
'kqfp% & fde~ ,rklka if^dkuke~ vU;nfi egÙoe~\
MsfoM% & vke~! dFka u\ èotL; mifj fLFkrk osQ'kjif^dk vfXuf'k[kk bo
ÅtZfLork;k% mRlkgL; p lwfpdkA eè;s fLFkrk 'osrif^dk
lkfÙodrk;k% fueZyrk;k% p |ksfrdkA vèk% fLFkrk gfjrif^dk
le`¼%s izxrs'p lÄfsï rdkA
rsftUnj% & 'kqp!s èotL; eè;s fLFkrL; pØL; fdefi egÙoe~ vfLr\
'kqfp% & vFk fde~ bne~ v'kksdpozQa lR;L;] /eZL; v¯glk;k'p |ksrde~A
iz.ko% & ¯d u tkukfl\ LorU=krk;k% vkUnksyus vL; èotL; egrh Hkwfedk
vklhr~A
'kqfp% & dk lk èotL; Hkwfedk\
nso's k% & ,ua èote~ vkfJR; ,o LorU=krk;k% vkUnksyue~ vHkor~A
MsfoM% & ns'kL; LorU=krk;S y{ehckbZ] egkRekxkU/h] ia- tokgjykyusg:]
lqHkk"kpUnzcksl%] vktkn% pUnz'ks[kj%] Hkxr¯lg%] ljksftuh uk;Mw]
v#.kk vkliQ vyh bR;kn;% vkthoua la?k"kZe~ voqQoZuA~ y{kkfèkdk%
p tuk% Loku~ izk.kku~ vfi vR;tu~A
rsftUnj% & vLekoaQ f=ko.kZ% èot% LokfHkekuL; izrhd%A loS%Z vfi Hkkjrh;S%
vL; lEeku% dj.kh;%A vr% vLekoaQ lVYi% L;kr~ ;r~ vL;
jk"VªèotL; lEekuj{kkFk± o;a losZ Lo&Lo&drZO;s rRijk% HkoseA
t;rq f=ko.kZ% èot%] t;rq Hkkjre~A
'kCnkFkkZ%
f=ko.kZ% èot% & rhu jaxksa okyk >aMk (frjaxk >aMk)

layifUr & okrkZyki djrs gS@a djrh gSa
izLrks";fUr & izLrqr djrs gS@a djrh gSa
eksndkfu & yM~Mw
'kkS;ZL; & ohjrk dk@osQ@dh
ÅtZfLork;k% & ÅtkZ dh
vkfJR; & lgkjk ysdj
y{kkf/dk% & yk[kksa ls vf/d
vH;kl%
1- 'kq¼dFkuL; le{ke~ ^vke~* v'kq¼dFkuL; le{ka û* bfr fy[kr&

(d) vLekoaQ jk"VªL; èots =k;% o.kkZ% lfUrA
([k) èots gfjro.kZ% 'kkUrs% izrhd% vfLrA
(x) èots osQ'kjo.kZ% 'kDR;k% lwpd% vfLrA
(?k) LorU=krk;k% vkUnksyus y{kkf/dk% tuk% Loizk.kku~ vR;tu~A
(Ä) vLekoaQ èot% vusdRos ,dRoL; lwpd%A
f=ko.kZ% èot% 47
2- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq iz;Dq rka foHkfDra opua p fy[kr&

inkfu foHkfDr% opue~
;Fkk& =k;k.kke~ "k"Bhcgqopue~
le`¼%s ----------------- -----------------
o.kkZuke~ ----------------- -----------------
mRlkgL; ----------------- -----------------
ukxfjoSQ% ----------------- -----------------
if^dkuke~ ----------------- -----------------
izk.kkuke~ ----------------- -----------------
3- ,dinsu mÙkjr&
(d) vLekoaQ èots dfr o.kkZ% lfUr\
([k) f=ko.ksZ èots 'kDR;k% lwpd% d% o.kZ%\
(x) v'kksdpozQa dL; |ksrde~ vfLr\
(?k) f=ko.kZ% èot% dL; izrhd%\
4- ,dokD;su mÙkjr&
(d) vLekoaQ èotL; 'osro.kZ% dL; lwpd% vfLr\
([k) LorU=krk;k% vkUnksyus dL; egrh Hkwfedk vklhr~\
(x) vLekfHk% dL; ekulEekuj{kk dj.kh;k\
(?k) èotL; 'osrif^dk dL;k% lwfpdk vfLr\
5- vèkksfyf[krokD;s"kq js[kkfVrinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) vLekoaQ f=ko.kZèot% fo'ofot;h HkosrA~
([k) Lo/ekZr~ izekna o;a u oqQ;kZeA
(x) ,rr~ loZe~ vLekoaQ usr`.kka ln~c¼

q %s lRiQye~A
(?k) 'k=kw.kka le{ka fot;% lqfuf'pr% HkosrA~
6- mnkgj.kkuqlkja leqfprS% inS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

'kCnk% foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
;Fkk& if^dk "k"Bh if^dk;k% if^d;ks% if^dkuke~
vfXuf'k[kk lIreh vfXuf'k[kk;ke~ ----------------- -----------------
ÅtkZ prqFkhZ ----------------- ÅtkZH;ke~ -----------------
v¯glk f}rh;k v¯glke~ ----------------- -----------------
liQyrk i×peh ----------------- liQyr;ks% -----------------
lwfpdk r`rh;k lwfpd;k ----------------- -----------------
7- leqfpresyua ÑRok fy[kr&

d [k
osQ'kjo.kZ% ÅtZfLork;k% mRlkgL; p lwfpdk
v'kksdpØe~ le`¼%s lwpd%
'osro.kZ% lkfÙodrk;k% fueZyrk;k% p lwfpdk
'osrif^dk lR;L;] /eZL; v¯glk;k'p |ksrde~
gfjro.kZ% 'kkS;LZ ; lwpd%
osQ'kjif^dk le`¼%s xrs% p laoQs frdk
gfjrif^dk 'kkUrs% lwpd%
foeku;kua jp;ke 49
uoe% ikB%
foeku;kua jp;ke
jk?ko! ek/o! lhrs! yfyrs!
foeku;kua jp;ke A
uhys xxus foiqys foeys
ok;qfogkja djoke AA1AA
mÂro`{ka rqÄaõ Hkoua

ØkURokdk'ka [kyq ;ke A
ÑRok fgeoUra lksikua
pfUnjyksoQa izfo'kke AA2AA
'kqØ'pUnz% lw;ksZ xq#fjfr

xzgku~ fg lokZu~ x.k;ke A
fofo/k% lqUnjrkjkf'pRok
ekSfDrdgkja jp;ke AA3AA
vEcqnekyke~ vEcjHkw"kke~
vknk;So fg izfr;ke A
nq%f[kr&ihfMr&Ñf"kdtukuka
x`gs"kq g"k± tu;ke AA4AA
& fo'okl%
'kCnkFkkZ%
foeku;kue~ & gokbZ tgkt

jp;ke & (ge) cuk,¡
foiqys & foLr`r (vkdk'k) esa
foeys & fueZy (vkdk'k) esa
ok;qfogkje~ & ok;q;k=kk (vkdk'k esa ;k=kk)
djoke & (ge) djsa
mÂro`{ke~ & Å¡ps o`{k dks
rqÄõe~ & Å¡pk
ØkURok & ikj djosQ
;ke & (ge) pysa
fgeoUra lksikue~ & ciZQ dh lh<+h dks
pfUnjyksde~ & pUnzyksd dks
izfo'kke & (ge) izo's k djsa
x.k;ke & (ge) fxusa
fpRok & pqudj
ekSfDrdgkje~ & eksfr;ksa osQ gkj dks
vEcqnekyke~ & cknyksa dh ekyk dks
vEcjHkw"kke~ & vkdk'k dh 'kksHkk dks
vknk; & ysdj
izfr;ke & (ge) ykSVas
tu;ke & (ge) mRiÂ djsa
foeku;kua jp;ke 51
vH;kl%
1- ikBs nÙka xhra lLoja xk;r&
2- dks"BdkUrxZr"s kq 'kCns"kq r`rh;k&foHkfDra ;kstf;Rok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& uHk% pUnzs.k 'kksHkrsA (pUnz)
(d) lk ------------------- tysu eq[ka iz{kky;frA (foey)
([k) jk?ko% ------------------- fogjfrA (foeku;ku)
(x) d.B% ------------------- 'kksHkrsA (ekSfDrdgkj)
(?k) uHk% ------------------- izdk'krsA (lw;)Z
(Ä) ioZrf'k[kje~ ------------------- vkd"kZoQa n`';rsA (vEcqnekyk)
3- fHkÂoxZL; ina fpuqr& fHkÂoxZ%
;Fkk& lw;%Z ] pUnz%] vEcqn%] 'kqØ%A vEcqn%
(d) i=kkf.k] iq"ikf.k] iQykfu] fe=kkf.kA -------------------
([k) typj%] [kspj%] Hkwpj%] fu'kkpj%A -------------------
(x) xko%] ¯lgk%] dPNik%] xtk%A -------------------
(?k) e;wjk%] pVdk%] 'kqdk%] e.Mwdk%A -------------------
(Ä) iqLrdky;%] ';kei^%] izkpk;Z%] lkSfpd%A -------------------
(p) ys[kuh] iqfLrdk] vè;kfidk] vtkA -------------------
(d) osQ ok;q;kua jp;fUr\
([k) ok;q;kua dhn`'ka o`{ka dhn`'ka Hkoua p ØkURok mifj xPNfr\
(x) o;a dhn`'ka lksikua jp;ke\
(?k) o;a dfLeu~ yksoQs izfo'kke\
(Ä) vkdk'ks dk% fpRok ekSfDrdgkja jp;ke\
(p) osQ"kka x`g"s kq g"k± tu;ke\
mÂr% i`fFkO;ke~
xxus vlqUnj%
lqUnj% vour%
fpRok 'kksd%
nq%[kh fodh;Z
g"kZ% lq[kh
6- leqfprS% inS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
izFkek Hkkuq% Hkkuw ------------
f}rh;k ------------ ------------ xq:u~
r`rh;k ------------ i'kqH;ke~ ------------
prqFkhZ lk/os ------------ ------------
i×peh oVks% ------------ ------------
"k"Bh ------------ foHoks% ------------
lIreh f'k'kkS ------------ ------------
lEcks/u gs fo".kks! ------------ ------------
7- i;kZ;&inkfu ;kst;r&
xxus tyn%
foeys fu'kkdj%
pUnz% vkdk'ks
lw;Z% fueZys
vEcqn% fnokdj%
fo'ocU/qRoe~ 53
n'ke% ikB%
fo'ocU/qRoe~
dkjdfoHkfDr% miinfoHkfDr p
Ü
mRlos] O;lus] nqfHkZ{ks] jk"VªfoIyos] 'k=kqld
a Vs p ;% lgk;rka djksfr l% cUèkq%
HkofrA ;fn fo'os loZ=k ,rkn`'k% Hkko% Hkosr~ rnk fo'ocU/qRoa lEHkofrA
ijUrq v/quk fuf[kys lalkjs dygL; v'kkUrs% p okrkoj.ke~ vfLrA ;su
ekuok% ijLija u fo'olfUrA rs ijL; d"Va Lodh;a d"Va u x.k;fUrA vfi p
leFkkZ% ns'kk% vleFkkZu~ ns'kku~ izfr mis{kkHkkoa izn'kZ;fUr] rs"kke~ mifj Lodh;a
izHkqRoa p LFkki;fUrA rLekr~ dkj.kkr~ lalkjs loZ=k fo}s"kL;] 'k=kqrk;k%] ¯glk;k%
p Hkkouk n`';rsA ns'kkuka fodkl% vfi vo#¼% HkofrA
,rs"kka los"Z kka dkj.ka fo'ocU/qRoL; vHkko ,oA b;e~ egrh vko';drk
orZrs ;r~ ,d% ns'k% vijs.k ns'ksu lg fueZyus ân;su cUèkqrk;k% O;ogkja oqQ;kZrA~
;fn b;a Hkkouk fo'oL; tus"kq cyorh L;kr~ rnk fodflrkfodflrns'k;ks%
eè;s LoLFkk Li/kZ Hkfo";frA ;su losZ ns'kk% KkufoKku;ks% {ks=ks eS=khHkkou;k
lg;ksxus p le`f¼a izkIrqa leFkkZ% Hkfo";fUrA
vLekfHk% vo';a è;krO;a ;r~ fo'oL; los"Z kq izkf.k"kq lekua #f/ja izljfrA
lw;LZ ; pUnzL; p izdk'k% loZ=k leku:is.k izljfrA vusu Kk;rs ;r~ izÑfr%
vfi los"Z kq leRosu O;ogjfr] rLekr~ vLekfHk% loS%Z ijLija oSjHkkoe~ vigk;
fo'ocU/qRoa LFkkiuh;e~A
vr% fo'oL; dY;k.kk; ,rkn`'kh Hkkouk Hkosr&~

v;a fut% ijks osfr x.kuk y?kqprs lke~ A
mnkjpfjrkuka rq olq/o S oqQVqEcde~ AA
'kCnkFkkZ%
O;lus & ladV osQ le; ij

nqfHkZ{ks & vdky iM+us ij
jk"VªfoIyos & jk"Vª@ns'k ij vkink vkus ij
fo'ocU/qRoe~ & fo'o osQ izfr HkkbZ&pkjk
fo'olfUr & fo'okl djrs gSa
Lodh;e~ & viuk
mis{kkHkkoe~ & vuknj dh Hkkouk
fo}s"kL; & 'k=kqrk dk
vo#¼% & ckf/r
LIk/kZ & gksM]+ eqdkcyk
è;krO;e~ & è;ku nsuk pkfg,
#f/je~ & [kwu] jDr
izljfr & iSQyrk gS
Kk;rs & tkuk tkrk gS
leRosu & leku Hkkouk
vigk; & NksM+dj
fo'ocU/qRoe~ 55
ijks osfr & vFkok ijk;k

y?kqpsrlke~ & {kqnz ân; okyksa dk
olq/o
S (olq/k $ ,o) & /jrh gh
oqQVqEcde~ & ifjokj
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
nqfHkZ{ks jk"VªfoIyos fo'ocU/qRoe~
fo'olfUr mis{kkHkkoe~ fo}s"kL;
è;krO;e~ nq%[kHkko~Q izn'kZ;fUr
ijL; nq%[ke~ vkRekue~ ckf/r% ifjokj% lEiÂe~ R;DRok lEiw.ksZ
Lodh;e~ ------------------
vo#¼% ------------------
oqQVqEcde~ ------------------
vU;L; ------------------
vigk; ------------------
le`¼e~ ------------------
d"Ve~ ------------------
fuf[kys ------------------
3- js[kkfÄïrkfu inkfu la'kksè; fy[kr&
(d) Nk=kk% ØhMk{ks=ks dUnqdkr~ ØhMfUrA

([k) rs ckfydk% e/qja xk;fUrA
(x) vga iqLrdky;su iqLrdkfu vku;kfeA
(?k) Roa ¯d uke\
(Ä) xq#a ue%A
4- e×tw"kkr% foykseinkfu fpRok fy[kr&

v/quk fe=krk;k% y?kqprs lke~ x`ghRok nq%f[ku% nkuok%
'k=kqrk;k% --------------------
iqjk --------------------
ekuok% --------------------
mnkjpfjrkuke~ --------------------
lqf[ku% --------------------
vigk; --------------------
5- v/ksfyf[krinkuka fyÄ]aõ foHkfDra opu×p fy[kr&

inkfu fyÄõe~ foHkfDr% opue~
cU/q% -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
ns'kku~ -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
?k`.kk;k% -------------------- -------------------- --------------------

fo'ocU/qRoe~ 57
oqQVqEcde~ -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
j{kk;ke~ -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
#f/je~ -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
6- dks"BosQ"kq nÙks"kq 'kCns"kq leqfprka foHkfDra ;kstf;Rok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) fo|ky;e~ mHk;r% o`{kk% lfUrA (fo|ky;)

------------------------ mHk;r% xksikfydk%A (Ñ".k)
([k) xzkea ifjr% xkspkj.kHkwfe%A (xzke)

------------------------ ifjr% HkDrk%A (efUnj)
(x) lw;kZ; ue%A (lw;)Z

------------------------ ue%A (xq#)
(?k) o`{kL; mifj [kxk%A (o`{k)

------------------------ mifj lSfud%A (v'o)
7- dks"Bdkr~ leqfpra ina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) ------------------- ue%A (g¯j@gj;s)
([k) ------------------- ifjr% Ñf"k{ks=kkf.k lfUrA (xzkeL;@xzkee~)
(x) ------------------- ue%A (vEck;k%@vEck;S)
(?k) ------------------- mifj vfHkusrk vfHku;a djksfrA (e×pL;@e×pe~)
(Ä) ------------------- mHk;r% iq=kkS Lr%A (firje~@firq%)
è;krO;e~&
7 fØ;keknk; ;=k f}rh;kr`rh;k|k% foHkDr;% HkofUr] rk% ^dkjdfoHkDr;%*
bR;qP;UrsA ;Fkk&jke% xzkea xPNfrA ckydk% ;kusu ;kfUr bR;kn;%AA
7 inekfJR; iz;Dq rk foHkfDr% ^miinfoHkfDr%* bR;qP;rsA
;Fkk&xzkea ifjr% oue~A jkes.k lg y{e.k% xPNfrA v=k îfjr%* bfr ;ksxs
xzkeinkr~ f}rh;k rFkk p ^lg* bfr ;ksxs jkeinkr~ iz;Dq rk r`rh;k miinfoHkfDr%
vfLrA
leok;ks fg nqtZ;% 59
,dkn'k% ikB%
leok;ks fg nqtZ;%
iqjk ,dfLeu~ o`{ks ,dk pVdk izfrolfr LeA dkysu rL;k% lUrfr% tkrkA
,dnk df'pr~ izeÙk% xt% rL; o`{kL; v/% vkxR; rL; 'kk[kka 'kq.Msu v=kksV;r~A
pVdk;k% uhMa Hkqfo virr~A rsu v.Mkfu fo'kh.kkZfuA vFk lk pVdk O;yir~A
rL;k% foykia JqRok dk"BowQV% uke [kx% nq%[ksu rke~ vi`PNr~&^^Hknz]s fdeFk±
foyifl\** bfrA
pVdkonr~&^^nq"Vsuo S Qs u xtsu ee lUrfr% ukf'krkA rL; xtL; o/suo S ee
nq%[ke~ viljsrA~ ** rr% dk"BowQV% rka oh.kkjok&ukEU;k% ef{kdk;k% lehie~ vu;r~A
r;ks% okrk± JqRok ef{kdkonr~&^êekfi fe=ka e.Mwd% es?kukn% vfLrA 'kh?kza reqiRs ;
;Fkksfpra dfj";ke%A** rnkuha rkS ef{kd;k lg xRok es?kuknL; iqj% lo± o`ÙkkUra
U;osn;rke~A
es?kukn% vonr~&
^^;Fkkga dFk;kfe rFkk
oqQ#re~A ef{kosQ! izFkea
Roa eè;kÉs rL; xtL;
d.ksZ 'kCna oqQ#] ;su l%
u;us fuehY; LFkkL;frA
rnk dk"BowQV% p×Pok
rL; u;us LiQksVf;";frA
,oa l% xt% vUèk%
Hkfo";frA r`"kkrZ% l%
tyk'k;a xfe";frA ekxsZ
egku~ xÙkZ% vfLrA rL; vfUrosQ vga LFkkL;kfe 'kCna p dfj";kfeA ee 'kCnsu
ra xr± tyk'k;a eRok l rfLeUuso xrsZ ifr";fr efj";fr pA** vFk rFkkÑrs l%
xt% eè;kÉs e.MwdL; 'kCne~ vuqlR` ; egr% xrZL; vUr% ifrr% e`r% pA rFkk
pksDre~&
^cgwukeI;lkjk.kka leok;ks fg nqt;
Z %*A
'kCnkFkkZ%
iqjk & igys] iqjkus le; esa

'kq.Msu & lwM¡ ls
uhMe~ & ?kksl
a ys dks
fo'kh.kkZfu & u"V gks x,
reqiRs ; (re~ $ misR;) & mlosQ ikl tkdj
eè;kÉs & nksigj esa
fuehY; & cUn djosQ
LFkkL;fr & #d tk,xk
LiQksVf;";fr & iQksM+ nsxk
r`"kkrZ% (r`"kk $ vkrZ%) & I;kl ls ihfM+r
xrZ% & xM~<k
rFkk Ñrs & oSlk djus ij
e.MwdL; & es<a d dk
vuql`R; & vuqlj.k djosQ
ifrr% & fxj x;k
e`r% & ej x;k
pksDre~ (p $ mDre~) & vkSj dgk x;k gS

cgwukeI;lkjk.kke~ & vusd fucZyksa dk
(cgwuke~ $ vfi $ vlkjk.kke~)
leok;% & lewg] laxBu
nqtZ;% & dfBurk ls thrus ;ksX;
vH;kl%
1- iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr&
(d)o`{ks dk izfrolfr Le\
([k)o`{kL; v/% d% vkxr%\
(x) xt% osQu 'kk[kke~ v=kksV;r~\
(?k) dk"BowQV% pVdka dL;k% lehie~ vu;r~\
(Ä) ef{kdk;k% fe=ka d% vklhr~\
2- js[kkfÄrï kfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d)dkysu pVdk;k% lUrfr% tkrkA
([k)pVdk;k% uhMa Hkqfo virr~A
(x) xtL; o/suoS ee nq%[ke~ viljsrA~
(?k) dk"BowQV% p×Pok xtL; u;us LiQksVf;";frA
3- e×tw"kkr% fØ;kinkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
dfj";kfe xfe";fr vu;r~ ifr";fr LiQksVf;";fr =kksV;fr
(d)dk"BowQV% p×Pok xtL; u;us --------------------- A

([k)ekxsZ fLFkr% vgefi 'kCna --------------------- A

(x) r`"kkrZ% xt% tyk'k;a --------------------- A
(?k) xt% xrsZ --------------------- A
(Ä) dk"BowQV% rka ef{kdk;k% lehia --------------------- A
(p) xt% 'kq.Msu o`{k'kk[kk% --------------------- A
4- iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k ,dokD;su fy[kr&

(d)pVdk;k% foykia JqRok dk"BowQV% rka fde~ vi`PNr~\
([k)pVdk;k% dk"BowQVL; p okrk± JqRok ef{kdk fde~ vonr~\
(x) es?kukn% ef{kdka fde~ vonr~\
(?k) pVdk dk"BowQVa fde~ vonr~\
5- mnkgj.keuqlR` ; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
;Fkk&izFkeiq#"k% ifB";fr ifB";r% ifB";fUr
izFkeiq#"k% ----------------- ifr";r% -----------------
izFkeiq#"k% ----------------- ----------------- efj";fUr
([k) iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

;Fkk&eè;eiq#"k% xfe";fl xfe";Fk% xfe";Fk
eè;eiq#"k% ----------------- /kfo";Fk% -----------------
eè;eiq#"k% ----------------- ----------------- ØhfM";Fk

(x) iq#"k% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

;Fkk& mÙkeiq#"k% ysf[k";kfe ysf[k";ko% ysf[k";ke%
mÙkeiq#"k% ----------------- gfl";ko% -----------------
mÙkeiq#"k% ----------------- ----------------- nz{;ke%
6- mnkgj.kkuqlkja ^Le* 'kCna ;kstf;Rok HkwrdkfydfØ;ka jp;r&

;Fkk&volr~ & olfr LeA
viBr~ & --------------------A
v=kksV;r~ & --------------------A
virr~ & --------------------A
vi`PNr~ & --------------------A
vonr~ & --------------------A
vu;r~ & --------------------A
7- dks"Bdkr~ mfpra ina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) ---------------------- ckfydk e/qja xk;frA (,de~] ,dk] ,d%)
([k) ---------------------- Ñ"kdk% Ñf"kdekZf.k oqQoZfUrA (pRokj%] prÏ%] pRokfj)
(x) ---------------------- i=kkf.k lqUnjkf.k lfUrA (rs] rk%] rkfu)
(?k) /suo% nqX/a ---------------------- A (nnkfr] nnfr] nnfUr)
(Ä) o;a laLÑre~ ---------------------- A (viBe~] viBu~] viBke)
}kn'k% ikB%
dYiyrso fo|k
u pkSjgk;± u p jktgk;±
u Hkzkr`HkkT;a u p Hkkjdkfj A
O;;s Ñrs o/Zr ,o fuR;a
fo|k/ua loZ/uiz/kue~ AA 1 AA
fo|k uke ujL; :ief/oaQ izPNÂxqIra /ue~
fo|k Hkksxdjh ;'k% lq[kdjh fo|k xq:.kka xq#% A
fo|k cU/qtuks fons'kxeus fo|k ijk nsork
fo|k jktlq iwT;rs u fg /ua fo|k&foghu% i'kq% AA 2 AA
osQ;wjk% u foHkw"k;fUr iq#"ka gkjk u pUæksTToyk
u Lukua u foysiua u oqQlqea ukyÄ` ïrk ew/t Z k% A
ok.;sdk leyÄïjksfr iq#"ka ;k laLÑrk /k;Zrs
{kh;Urss¿f[kyHkw"k.kkfu lrra okXHkw"k.ka Hkw"k.ke~ AA 3 AA
ekrso j{kfr firso fgrs fu;qÄ~Drs
dkUrso pkfHkje;R;iuh;[ksne~ A
y{eha ruksfr foruksfr p fn{kq dhfrZe~
¯d ¯d u lk/;fr dYiyrso fo|k AA 4 AA
dYiyrso fo|k 65
'kCnkFkkZ%
pkSjgk;Ze~ & pksjksa osQ }kjk pqjkus ;ksX;

jktgk;Ze~ & jktk osQ }kjk Nhuus ;ksX;
Hkzkr`HkkT;e~ & Hkkb;ksa osQ }kjk ck¡Vus ;ksX;
Hkkjdkfj & Hkkj c<+kus okyh
izPNÂxqIre~ & futh (vkReh;) xqIr
Hkksxdjh & Hkksx dk lk/u miyC/ djkus okyh
ijk & lcls cM+h
jktlq & jktkvksa esa
osQ;wjk% & cktwcUn
pUæksTToyk (pUæ $ mTToyk) & pUæek osQ leku pednkj
foysiue~ & 'kjhj ij ysi djus ;ksX; lqxfU/r&æO;
(pUnu] osQlj vkfn)
ukyÄ~Ñrk (u $ vyÄ~Ñrk) & ugha ltk;k gqvk
ew/Ztk% & os.kh] pksVh
ok.;sdk (ok.kh $ ,dk) & ,dek=k ok.kh
leyÄïjksfr & vPNh rjg lq'kksfHkr djrh gS
laLÑrk & laLdkj;qDr (ifj"Ñr)
/k;Zrs & /kj.k dh tkrh gS
{kh;Urss¿f[kyHkw"k.kkfu & lEiw.kZ vkHkw"k.k u"V gks tkrs gSa
({kh;Urs $ vf[kyHkw"k.kkfu)
fgrs & dY;k.k esa
fu;qÄ~Drs & yxkrk@yxkrh gS
dkUrso (dkUrk $ bo) & iRuh osQ leku
pkfHkje;R;iuh;[ksne~ & d"V dks nwjdj vkufUnr djrh gS

(p $ vfHkje;fr $ viuh;[ksne~)
ruksfr & iSQykrh gS (o`f¼ djrh gS)
fn{kq & fn'kkvksa esa
lk/;fr & liQy cukrh gS] fl¼ djrh gS
dYiyrso (dYiyrk $ bo) & dYiyrk dh rjg
vH;kl%
1- mi;qDrdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~*] vuqi;qDrdFkukuka le{ka û* bfr fy[kr&
(d) fo|k jktlq iwT;rsA
([k) okXHkw"k.ka Hkw"k.ka uA
(x) fo|k/ua loZ/us"kq iz/kue~A
(?k) fons'kxeus fo|k cU/qtu% u HkofrA
(Ä) fo|k loZ=k dhfr± ruksfrA
2- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka fyÄaõ] foHkfDra opu×p fy[kr&

inkfu fyÄeõ ~ foHkfDr% opue~
ujL; --------------- --------------- ---------------
xq:.kke~ --------------- --------------- ---------------
osQ;wjk% --------------- --------------- ---------------
dhfrZe~ --------------- --------------- ---------------
Hkw"k.kkfu --------------- --------------- ---------------

dYiyrso fo|k 67
d [k
fo|k jktlq iwT;rs u fg /ue~ gkjk u pUæksTToyk%
osQ;wjk% u foHkw"k;fUr iq#"ke~ u Hkzkr`HkkT;a u p Hkkjdkfj
u pkSjgk;± u p jktgk;Ze~ ;k laLÑrk /k;Zrs
ekrso j{kfr firso fgrs fu;qÄD~ rs fo|k&foghu% i'kq%
ok.;sdk leyÄïjksfr iq#"ke~ dkUrso pkfHkje;R;iuh;[ksne~
4- ,dinsu iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) d% i'kq%\
([k) dk Hkksxdjh\
(x) osQ iq#"ka u foHkw"k;fUr\
(?k) dk ,dk iq#"ka leyÄïjksfr\
(Ä) dkfu {kh;Urs\
5- js[kkfÄïrinkfu vf/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) fo|kfoghu% uj% i'kq% vfLrA
([k) fo|k jktlq iwT;rsA
(x) pUæksTToyk% gkjk% iq#"ka u vyÄoZïq fUrA
(?k) firk fgrs fu;qÄD~ rsA
(Ä) fo|k/ua loZi/
z kua /uefLrA
(p) fo|k fn{kq dhfr± ruksfrA
6- iw.kZokD;su iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) xq:.kka xq#% dk vfLr\
([k) dhn`'kh ok.kh iq#"ka leyÄïjksfr\
(x) O;;s Ñrs ¯d o/Zr\s
(?k) fo|k oqQ=k dhfr± foruksfr\
(Ä) ekrk firk bo fo|k ¯d ¯d djksfr\
7- e×tw"kkr% iqf¡ YyÄõ&L=khfyÄõ&uiql

a dfyÄõinkfu fpRok fy[kr&
fo|k /ue~ laLÑrk lrre~ oqQlqee~ ew/Ztk% i'kq% xq#% dkUrk

;Fkk& iq¡fYyÄõe~ L=khfyÄõe~ uiqaldfyÄõe~
gkjk% vyÄ` ïrk Hkw"k.ke~
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
ve`ra laLÑre~ 69
=k;ksn'k% ikB%
ve`ra laLÑre~
bdkjkUrL=khfyÄõ%
fo'oL; lokZlq Hkk"kklq laLÑrHkk"kk izkphurek Hkk"kkfLrA Hkk"ks;a càhuka Hkk"kk.kka
tuuh erkA vL;keso Hkk"kk;ka KkufoKku;ks% fuf/% lqjf{krks¿fLrA ;FkksDre~&
^HkkjrL; izfr"Bs }s laLÑra laLÑfrLrFkk*A
vL;k% Hkk"kk;k% oSKkfudrka fopk;Z ,o lÄõ.kdfo'ks"kKk% dFk;fUr ;r~
laLÑreso lÄõ.kdL; Ñrs loksÙZ kek Hkk"kk fo|rsA vL;k% okÄ~e;a osn%S ] iqjk.kS%]
uhfr'kkL=kS% fpfdRlk'kkL=kkfnfHk'p le`¼efLrA dkfynklln`'kkuka fo'odohuka
dkO;lkSUn;Ze~ vuqiee~A pk.kD;jfpre~ vFkZ'kkL=ka txfr izfl¼efLrA xf.kr'kkL=ks
'kwU;L; izfriknua loZiFz kea HkkLdjkpk;Z% fl¼kUrf'kjkse.kkS vdjksrA~ fpfdRlk'kkL=ks
pjdlqJrq ;ks% ;ksxnkua foÜoizfl¼e~A laLÑrs ;kfu vU;kfu 'kkL=kkf.k fo|Urs
rs"kq [kxksyfoKkua] okLrq'kkL=ka] jlk;u'kkL=ka] T;ksfr"k'kkL=ka] foeku'kkL=ka p
mYys[kuh;e~A
laLÑrL; bna oSf'k"V~;a orZrs ;r~ vL;k% okÄ~e;s
fo|ekuk% lwDr;% vH;qn;k; izjs ;fUrA ofj"Bku~ dfu"Bku~
p izfr vLekfHk% dFka O;ogrZO;e~ bR;L; O;kogkfjoaQ Kkua
laLÑreso nnkfrA HkkjrloZdkjL; fofHkÂs"kq foHkkxs"kq laLÑrL;
lwDr;% è;s;okD;:is.k LohÑrk% lfUrA HkkjrloZdkjL;
jktfpÉs iz;Dq rka lwfDra ^lR;eso t;rs* losZ tkufUrA ,oeso
jkf"Vª;'kSf{kdkuqlUèkkuizf'k{k.kifj"kn% è;s;okD;a ^fo|;k¿e`re'uqr*s
orZrAs
osQpu dFk;fUr ;r~ laLÑrHkk"kk;ka osQoya /kfeZoQa lkfgR;e~ orZr&s ,"kk

èkkj.kk lehphuk ukfLrA laLÑrxzUFks"kq ekuothouk; fofo/k% fo"k;k% lekfo"Vk%
lfUrA egkiq#"kk.kka efr%] mÙketukuka /`fr% lkekU;tukuka thoui¼fr% p of.kZrk%
lfUrA vr% vLekfHk% laLÑre~ vo';eso iBuh;a ;su euq";L; lektL; p
ifj"dkj% HkosrA~ mDr×p&
ve`ra laLÑra fe=k !
ljla ljya op% A
,drkewyoaQ jk"Vªs
KkufoKkuiks"kde~ AA
'kCnkFkkZ%
Hkk"ks;e~ (Hkk"kk $ b;e~) & ;g Hkk"kk

erk & ekuh xbZ gS
fuf/% & [ktkuk
fopk;Z & fopkj dj
lÄõ.kdfo'ks"kKk% & dEI;wVj osQ fo'ks"kK
okÄ~e;e~ & lkfgR;
vuqiee~ & vrqyuh;
txfr & lalkj esa
[kxksyfoKkue~ & vUrfj{kfoKku
jlk;u'kkL=ke~ & osQfeLVªh
ofj"Bku~ & vius ls cM+ksa dks
ve`ra laLÑre~ 71
dfu"Bku~ & vius ls NksVksa dks

dFka O;ogrZO;e~ & fdl izdkj O;ogkj djuk pkfg,
è;s;okD;:is.k & è;ku j[kus ;ksX; (egÙoiw.kZ) okD;
osQ :i esa
èk`fr% & /S;Z
,drkewyde~ & ,drk dk ewy
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
càhuke~ lÄõ.kdL;
fpfdRlk'kkL=ke~ oSf'k"V~;e~
Hkwxksy'kkL=ke~ okÄ~e;s
fo|ekuk% vFkZ'kkL=ke~
2- iz'ukuke~ ,dinsu mÙkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) dk Hkk"kk izkphurek \
([k) Hkkjrh;laLÑrs% j{k.ka osQu lEHkofr \
(x) pk.kD;su jfpra 'kkL=ka fde~ \
(?k) dL;k% Hkk"kk;k% dkO;lkSUn;Ze~ vuqiee~\
(Ä) 'kwU;L; izfriknua d% vdjksr\~
3- iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k ,dokD;su fy[kr&

(d) HkkjrloZdkjL; jktfpÉs ¯d fyf[kre~ vfLr \
([k) laLÑrL; okÄ~e;a oSQ% le`¼efLr \
(x) laLÑrL; lwDr;% osQu :is.k LohÑrk% lfUr\

(?k) vLekfHk% laLÑra fdeFk± iBuh;e~ \
4- bdkjkUr&L=khfyÄ'õ kCn:ie~ vf/ÑR; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

xfr (izFkek) xfr% xrh xr;%
efr (izFkek) -------- -------- er;%
cqf¼ (f}rh;k) cqf¼e~ cq¼h cq¼h%
izhfr (f}rh;k) -------- izhrh --------
uhfr (r`rh;k) uhR;k uhfrH;ke~ uhfrfHk%
'kkfUr (r`rh;k) -------- -------- 'kkfUrfHk%
efr (prqFkhZ) eR;S@er;s efrH;ke~ efrH;%
izÑfr (prqFkhZ) --------@-------- izÑfrH;ke~ --------
dhfrZ (i×peh) dhR;kZ%@dhrs%Z dhfrZH;ke~ dhfrZH;%
xhfr (i×peh) --------@-------- xhfrH;ke~ --------
lwfDr ("k"Bh) lwDrs%@lwDR;k% lwDR;ks% lwDrhuke~
Ñfr ("k"Bh) --------@-------- -------- Ñrhuke~
/`fr (lIreh) /`rkS@/`R;ke~ /`R;ks% /`fr"kq
Hkhfr (lIreh) HkhrkS@------- -------- --------
efr (lEcks/u) gs ers! gs erh! gs er;%!

ve`ra laLÑre~ 73
5- js[kkfÄïrkfu inkfu vf/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) laLÑrs KkufoKku;ks% fuf/% lqjf{krks¿fLrA
([k) laLÑreso lÄõ.kdL; Ñrs loksÙZ kek Hkk"kkA
(x) 'kY;fØ;k;k% o.kZua laLÑrlkfgR;s vfLrA
(?k) ofj"Bku~ izfr vLekfHk% fiz;a O;ogÙkZO;e~A
6- mnkgj.kkuqlkja inkuka foHkfDra opu×p fy[kr&

;Fkk&laLÑrs% "k"Bh ,dopue~
xfr% -------------- --------------
uhfre~ -------------- --------------
lwDr;% -------------- --------------
'kkUR;k -------------- --------------
izhR;S -------------- --------------
efr"kq -------------- --------------
7- ;Fkk;ksX;a la;ksT; fy[kr&

d [k
nwjn'kZuL; vkn'kZokD;e~ uHk% Li`'ka nhIre~A
pk.kD;su ;ksx{ksea ogkE;ge~A
thouchekfuxeL; vkn'kZokD;e~ HkkLdjkpk;Z%A
'kwU;L; vkfo"drkZ lR;a f'koa lqUnje~A
ok;qlus k;k% vkn'kZokD;e~ vFkZ'kkL=ka jfpre~A
è;krO;e~&
7 vfLeu~ ikBs laLÑfr&Le`fr&uhfr&lwfDr&ifjfLFkfr&i¼fr&n`f"V&èk`fr&'kkfUr&
izhfr&bR;kn;% 'kCnk% iz;Dq rk% lfUrA ,rs 'kCnk% xfr&efr&'kCnor~ L=khfyX
iz;Dq rk% HkofUrA
7 ,rs"kka 'kCnkuka prqFkhZ&i×peh&"k"Bh&lIreh&foHkfDrhukesdopus }s }s :is
Hkor%A ;Fkk&xR;S&xr;s] xR;k%&xrs%] xR;ke~&xrkSA
7 xf.kr'kkL=ke~ & Mathematics; Comprises Arithmetic, Algebra

and Geometry
fpfdRlk'kkL=ke~ & Medical Science (Administering remedies or
medicine)
okLrq'kkL=ke~ & Architecture
jlk;u'kkL=ke~ & Chemistry
T;ksfr"k'kkL=ke~ & Astronomy
foeku'kkL=ke~ & Aeronautics

vukfjdk;k% ftKklk 75
prqnZ'k% ikB%
vukfjdk;k% ftKklk
½dkjkUriqf¡ YyÄõ%
ckfydk;k% vukfjdk;k% eufl loZnk egrh ftKklk HkofrA vr% lk cgwu~
iz'uku~ i`PNfrA rL;k% iz'uS% los"Z kka cqf¼% pØor~ HkzefrA
izkr% mRFkk; lk vUoHkor~ ;r~ rL;k% eu% izlÂa ukfLrA euksfouksnk; lk
Hkzferqa x`gkr~ cfg%
vxPNr~ fpja p
vHkzer~A Hkze.kdkys
lk vi';r~ ;r~ ekxkZ%
lqlfTtrk% lfUrA ¯d
dkj.ke~ v=k bfr
fpUr;Urh lk vLejr~
;r~ v| rq eU=kh
vkxfe";frA l%
fdeFkZe~ vkxfe";fr
bfr fo"k;s rL;k%
ftKklk% izkjCèkk%A rk% ftKklk% 'kef;rqe~ lk x`ga izR;kxPNr~ firja p
vi`PNr~&^^fir%! eU=kh fdeFkZe~ vkxPNfr\** firk vonr~&^îqf=k! u|k% mifj
;% uohu% lsr%q fufeZr% rL; mn~?kkVukFk± eU=kh vkxPNfrA** vukfjdk iqu%
vi`PNr~&^^fir%! ¯d eU=kh lsrks% fuekZ.ke~ vdjksr\~ ** firk vdFk;r~&^û fg
iqf=k] lsrks% fuekZ.ka deZdjk% voqQoZuA~ ** iqu% vukfjdk;k% iz'u% vklhr~&^^;fn

deZdjk% lsrks% fuekZ.ke~ voqQoZu~] rnk eU=kh fdeFkZe~ vkxPNfr\** firk
vonr~&^^;rksfg l% vLekoaQ ns'kL; eU=khA** ^^fir%] lsrks% fuekZ.kk; izLrjkf.k
oqQr% vk;kfUr\ ¯d rkfu eU=kh nnkfr\**
fojDrHkkosu firk mnrjr~&^^vukfjosQ! izLrjkf.k tuk% ioZrHs ;% vku;fUrA**
^^fir%! rfgZ fde~\ ,rnFk± eU=kh /ua nnkfr\ rL; ik'osZ /ukfu oqQr% vkxPNfUr\**
,rku~ iz'uku~ JqRok firk¿onr~&^^vjs! iztk% loZdkjk; /ua iz;PNfUrA** fofLerk
vukfjdk iquji`PNr~&^^fir%! ;fn deZdjk% ioZrHs ;% izLrjkf.k vkuh; lsraq fuekZfUr]
iztk% loZdkjk; /ua nnfr] rfgZ eU=kh lsrks% mn~?kkVukFk± fdeFkZe~ vkxPNfr\**
cgwu~ iz'uku~ mÙkju~ firk vonr~&^îzFkeeso vge~ vdFk;e~ ;r~ l% ,o
ns'kL; eU=kh vfLrA cgqi'z uku~ djksf"kA py] lqlfTtrk HkwRok fo|ky;a xPNA**
bnkuhe~ vfi vukfjdk;k% eufl cgo% iz'uk% lfUrA
'kCnkFkkZ%
egrh & cM+h

vUoHkor~ & vuqHko fd;k
euksfouksnk; & eu izlUu djus osQ fy,
fpUr;Urh & lksprh gqbZ
vLejr~ & ;kn fd;k
'kef;rqe~ & 'kkUr djus osQ fy,
lsrq% & iqy
mnrjr~ & mÙkj fn;k
izLrjkf.k & iRFkj
loZdkjk; & ljdkj osQ fy,
fuekZfUr & fuekZ.k djrs gSa@cukrs gSa

nnfr & nsrs gSa
mÙkju~ & mÙkj nsrk gqvk
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
eU=kh fuekZ.ke~ Hkzk=kk
deZdjk% ftKklk fi=ks
HkzkrÏ.kke~ mn~?kkVukFkZe~ fir`H;ke~
usrfj vi`PNr~ fpUr;Urh
2- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuka mÙkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) dL;k% egrh ftKklk orZr\s
([k) eU=kh fdeFkZe~ vkxPNfr\
(x) lsrks% fuekZ.ka osQ voqQoZu\~
(?k) lsrks% fuekZ.kk; deZdjk% izLrjkf.k oqQr% vku;fUrA
(Ä) osQ loZdkjk; /ua iz;PNfUr\

(d) vukfjdk;k% iz'uS% los"Z kka cqf¼% pØor~ HkzefrA
([k) eU=kh lsrks% mn~?kkVukFkZe~ vkxPNfrA
(x) deZdjk% lsrks% fuekZ.ke~ oqQoZfUrA
(?k) ioZrHs ;% izLrjkf.k vkuh; lsrks% fuekZ.ka HkofrA
(Ä) tuk% loZdkjk; ns'kL; fodklkFk± /ua nnfrA
4- mnkgj.kkuqlkja :ikf.k fy[kr&

izFkek firk firjkS firj% (fir`)
---------- HkzkrjkS ---------- (Hkzkr`)
f}rh;k nkrkje~ nkrkjkS nkrÏu~ (nkr`)

---------- /krkjkS ---------- (/kr`)
r`rh;k /k=kk --------- /kr`fHk% (/kr`)

---------- drZ̀H;ke~ ---------- (drZ̀)
prqFkhZ us=ks usr`H;ke~ usr`H;% (usr`)

fo/k=ks ---------- ---------- (fo/kr`)
i×peh drq%Z drZ̀H;ke~ drZ̀H;% (drZ̀)

---------- ---------- grZH` ;% (gr`)Z
"k"Bh firq% fi=kks% firÏ.kke~ (fir`)
---------- Hkzk=kks% ---------- (Hkzkr`)
lIreh lforfj lfo=kks% lfor`"kq (lfor`)

vfHkusrfj ---------- ---------- (vfHkusr)`
lEcks/ue~ gs tkekr%! gs tkekrjkS! gs tkekrj% (tkekr`)

gs uIr%! ---------- ---------- (uIr`)
5- dks"BosQH;% leqfprinkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) vga izkr% ------------------ lg Hkze.kk; xPNkfeA (fi=kk@firq%)
([k) ckyk vki.kkr~ ------------------ iQykfu vku;frA (Hkzkrq%@Hkzk=ks)
(x) deZdjk% lsrks% fuekZ.kL; ------------------ HkofUrA (drkZje~@dÙkkZj%)

(?k) ee ------------------ rq ,rs"kka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k vnnkr~A (firk@firj%)
(Ä) ro ------------------ oqQ=k thfodksiktZua oqQ#r%\ (Hkzkrj%@HkzkrjkS)
/kj;fUr ckyk% ol;kue~ N=ke~ rs vkjksgfUr o"kkZ;ke~

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7- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu vk/`R; okD;kfu jp;r&

iz'uk% ¾ ---------------------------------------------------------
uohu% ¾ ---------------------------------------------------------
izkr% ¾ ---------------------------------------------------------
vkxPNfr ¾ ---------------------------------------------------------
izlUu% ¾ ---------------------------------------------------------
i×pn'k% ikB%
ykyuxhre~
mfnrs lw;sZ /j.kh foglfr A
i{kh owQtfr deya fodlfr AA1AA
unfr efUnjs mPpS<ZDdk A
lfjr% lfyys lsyfr ukSdk AA2AA
iq"is iq"is ukukjXk% A
rs"kq M;Urs fp=kirXk% AA3AA
o`{ks o`{ks uwrui=ke~ A
fofo/So.Z kSfZ oZHkkfr fp=ke~ AA4AA
/suq% izkr;ZPNfr nqX/e~ A
'kq¼a LoPNa e/qja fLuX/e~ AA5AA
xgus fofius O;k?kzks xtZfr A
mPpSLr=k p flag% unZfr AA6AA
gfj.kks¿;a [kknfr uo?kkle~ A
loZ=k p i';fr lfoykle~ AA7AA
m"Vª% rqX% eUna xPNfr A
i`"Bs izpjq a Hkkja fuogfr AA8AA
?kksVdjkt% f{kiza /kofr A
/koule;s fdefi u [kknfr AA9AA
i';r HkYyqdfeea djkye~ A
u`R;fr FkFkFkS oqQ# djrkye~ AA10AA
&lEinkuUnfeJ%
ykyuxhre~ 81
'kCnkFkkZ%
mfnrs & mxus ij] fudyus ij

unfr & vkokt@èofu djrk gS
mPpS% & Å¡ph vkokt es]a tksj ls
<Ddk & uxkM+k
lsyfr & Mxexkrh gS] fgyrh Mqyrh gS
M;Urs & mM+rs gSa
fp=kirXk% & frrfy;k¡
o.kSZ% & jaxks ls
foHkkfr & lq'kksfHkr gksrk gS
fLuX/e~ & eqyk;e] fpduk
xgus & ?kus
fofius & taxy esa
unZfr & ngkM+rk gS
rqX% & Å¡pk
fuogfr & <ksrk gS
f{kize~ & tYnh ls] rsTkh ls
HkYyqd% (HkYywd%) & Hkkyw
djkye~ & Hk;kud
djrkye~ & rkyh
vH;kl%
1- xhre~ lLoja xk;rA
2- ,dinsu mÙkjr&
(d) dk foglfr\
([k) fde~ fodlfr\
(x) O;k?kz% oqQ=k xtZfr\
(?k) gfj.k% fda [kknfr\
(Ä) eUna d% xPNfr\

(d) lfyys ukSdk lsyfrA
([k) iq"is"kq fp=kirXk% M;UrsA
(x) m"Vª% i`"Bs Hkkja ogfrA
(?k) /koule;s v'o% fdefi u [kknfrA
(Ä) mfnrs lw;Zs /j.kh foglfrA
i`fFkoh nsoky;s tys ous e`x% Hk;Äïje~
/j.kh ----------------------- fofius -----------------------
djkye~ ----------------------- gfj.k% -----------------------
lfyys ----------------------- efUnjs -----------------------

ykyuxhre~ 83
5- foykseinkfu esy;r&
eUne~ uwrue~
uhpS% fLuX/e~
dBksj% izpqje~
iqjkrue~ mPpS%
vi;kZIre~ f{kize~
6- mfprdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~* vuqfprdFkukuka le{ka û* bfr fy[kr&

(d) /koule;s v'o% [kknfrA
([k) m"Vª% i`"Bs Hkkja u ogfrA
(x) flag% uhpS% Øks'kfrA
(?k) iq"is"kq fp=kirÄõk% M;UrsA
(Ä) ous O;k?kz% xtZfrA
(p) gfj.k% uo?kkle~ u [kknfrA
7- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu funs'Z kkuqlkja ifjorZ;r&

;Fkk& fp=kirÄõ% (izFkek&cgqopus) & fp=kirÄõk%
HkYyqd% (r`rh;k&,dopus) & -------------------
m"Vª% (i×peh&f}opus) & -------------------
gfj.k% (lIreh&cgqopus) & -------------------
O;k?kz% (f}rh;k&,dopus) & -------------------
?kksVdjkt% (lEcks/u&,dopus) & -------------------
[kxk% fodlfUr deykfu mnsfr ØhMfUr

M;Urs lw;Z% fp=kirÄõk% owQtfUr ckyk%
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~ 85
ifjf'k"Ve~
o.kZfopkj%
1- o.kkZ%
laLÑrs bnkuha 48 o.kkZuka iz;ksx% HkofrA rs eq[;r;k Hkkx=k;s.k foHkDrk% lfUr]
1&Lojk% 2&O;×tukfu 3&v;ksxokgk'psfr] ;Fkk&
Lojk%&13
gªLoLojk%&5 nh?kZLojk%&8
O;×tukfu&33
oxhZ;O;×tukfu&25 voxhZ;O;×tukfu&8
o~Q] [k~] x~] ?k~] Ä~]
p~] N~] t~] >~] ×k~] vUrLFkk%&4 Å"ek.k%&4
V~] B~] M~] <+]~ .k~]
r~] Fk~] n~] /~] u~]
i~] i~Q~ ] c~] Hk~] e~]
v;ksxokgkS&2
vuqLokj% folxZ%
2- mPpkj.kLFkkukfu
o.kkZfHkO;fDrizns'k% LFkkua dF;rsA 'kCniz;ksxle;s dk;kfXuuk izsfjr% ok;q%
d.BkfnLFkkus"kq l×pju~ o.kkZu~ vfHkO;ufDrA ;FkksDra ikf.kuh;f'k{kk;ke~&
vkRek cqnè~ ;k lesR;FkkZu~ euks ;qÄD~ rs foo{k;k A
eu% dk;kfXuekgfUr l izjs ;fr ek#re~ AA
ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA
v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A
ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA
,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu v"VkS lfUrA (i) mj% (ii) d.B% (iii) f'kj%
(iv) ftàkewye~ (v) nUrk% (vi) ukfldk (vii) vks"BkS (viii) rkyq%A r|Fkk&
o.kkZ% mRifÙkLFkkukfu o.kkZuka laKk
v] vk] d~] [k~] x~] ?k~] Ä~] g~] folxZ% d.B% d.B~;%
b] bZ] p~] N~] t~] >~] ×k~] ;~] 'k~ rkyq% rkyO;%
½] ½`] V~] B~] M~] <~] .k~] j~] "k~ ew/kZ ew/ZU;%
y`] r~] Fk~] n~] /~] u~] y~] l~ nUrk% nUR;%
m] Å] i~] iQ~] c~] Hk~] e~ vks"BkS vks"B~;%
Ä~] ×k~] .k~] u~] e~ ukfldk $ d.Bknhfu ukflD;%

,] ,s d.Brkyw d.BrkyO;%
vks] vkS d.Bks"Be~ d.Bks"B~;%

o nUrks"Be~ nUR;ks"B~;%
vuqLokj% ukfldk ukflD;%
ifjf'k"Ve~ 87
dkjde~
(lkekU;ifjp;%)
lkekU;r% "kV~dkjdkf.k HkofUrA ;Fkk&
dÙkkZ deZ p dj.ka lEiznkua rFkSo p A
viknkukf/dj.ke~ bR;kgq% dkjdkf.k "kV~ AA
(i) dÙk`d
Z kjde~ (ii) deZdkjde~ (iii) dj.kdkjde~
(iv) lEiznkudkjde~ (v) viknkudkjde~ (vi) vf/dj.kdkjde~
dÙkZd
` kjde~ & LorU=k% dÙkkZA fØ;k;ka ;% LorU=k% iz/kuks ok Hkofr l% dÙkkZA
;Fkk&jke% xzkea xPNfrA v=k xeufØ;k;ka jke% LorU=k% orZr]s vr% l% dÙk`d Z kjde~
vfLrA okD;s eq[;s drZfj izFkek] xkS.ks drZfj p r`rh;k foHkfDr% HkofrA ;Fkk&
(d) jke% xzkea xPNfrA
([k) jkes.k xzke% xE;rsA
deZdkjde~ & dÙkZjq hfIlrrea deZA dÙkkZ LofØ;;k ;e~ vFkZe~ vfr'k;su izkIrqe~
bPNfr rr~ deZ HkofrA ;Fkk&ckyd% fo|ky;a xPNfrA v=k okD;s ckyd% dÙkkZ
Hkofr] xeufØ;;k fo|ky;% rL; bZfIlrrea orZr]s vr% fo|ky; bfr deZdkjoaQ
orZr]s deZf.k f}rh;k foHkfDr%] (deZokP;s) eq[;s p izFkek foHkfDr% Hkofr] ;Fkk&
(d) ckyd% fo|ky;a xPNfrA
([k) ckyosQu fo|ky;% xE;rsA
dj.kdkjde~ & lk/drea dj.ke~A fØ;kfl¼kS ;r~ vfr'k;su lgk;oaQ Hkofr] rr~
dj.ka Hkofr] ;Fkk&';ke% dyesu fy[kfrA v=k dÙkq%Z ';keL; ys[ku fØ;k;ka dye%
vfr'k;su lgk;d% vr% dye bfr dj.kdkjoaQ HkofrA dj.ks r`rh;k&foHkfDr% HkofrA
lEiznkudkjde~ & deZ.kk ;efHkizfS r l lEiznkue~A dÙkkZ nkufØ;;k ;e~ lEc¼qe~
bPNfr] rr~ lEiznkua HkofrA ;Fkk&nsonÙk% fHk{kqdk; fHk{kka nnkfrA v=k dÙkkZ nsonÙk%
nkufØ;;k fHk{kqde~ vfHkizfS r ¾ lEcU¼qe~ bPNfrA vr% fHk{kqdina lEiznkudkjde~A

lEiznkus prqFkhZ&foHkfDr% HkofrA
viknkudkjde~~ & /zoq eik;s¿iknkue~A vik;s ¾ foHkkxs] ;r~ /zoq e~ ¾ vofèkHkwre~
rr~ viknkua Hkofr] ;Fkk& o`{kkr~ iQya irfrA v=k iQyL; foHkkx% o`{kkr~ Hkofr]
vr% o`{k% /zoq % bfr viknkudkjde~A viknkus i×peh&foHkfDr% HkofrA
vf/dj.kdkjde~ & vkèkkjks¿f/dj.ke~A dr`d Z eZfu"BfØ;k;k% vk/kjHkwra ;r~ orZr]s
rr~ vf/dj.ka Hkofr] ;Fkk& fo|ky;s Nk=kk% iBfUrA v=k dÙkq%Z iBufØ;k;k% vk/kj%
fo|ky; vfèkdj.kdkjde~A vf/dj.ks lIreh&foHkfDr% HkofrA
miinfoHkfDr%
ine~ vkfJR; ;k foHkfDr% lk miinfoHkfDr%A ;Fkk&
mHk;r% ¾ nksuksa rjiQ (f}rh;k) unhe~ mHk;r% o`{kk% lfUrA
ifjr% ¾ pkjksa rjiQ (f}rh;k) fo|ky;a ifjr% izkphje~ vfLrA
loZr% ¾ lHkh rjiQ (f}rh;k) xzkea loZr% Ñf"k{ks=kkf.k lfUrA
izfr ¾ dh vksj (f}rh;k) Nk=k% fo|ky;a izfr xPNfrA
fud"kk ¾ lehi esa (f}rh;k) fo|ky;a fud"kk m|kue~ vfLrA
f/o~Q ¾ fuUnk (f}rh;k) ew[k± f/o~QA
lg ¾ lfgr (r`rh;k) ckfydk ckyosQu lg [ksyfrA
fouk ¾ vfrfjDr (r`rh;k@i×peh@f}rh;k) Kkusu fouk thoua o`FkkA
vye~ ¾ okj.k (r`rh;k) fooknsu vye~A
leFkZ (prqFkhZ) eYy% eYyk; vye~A
ue% ¾ ueLdkj (prqFkhZ) fir`no s k; ue%A
cfg% ¾ ckgj (i×peh) fo|ky;kr~ cfg% ckydk% [ksyfUrA
mifj% ¾ Åij ("k"Bh) o`{kL; mifj eoZQVk% ØhMfUrA
v/% ¾ uhsps ("k"Bh) o`{kL; v/% ifFkd% mifo'kfrA
vUr% ¾ Hkhrj ("k"Bh) fo|ky;L; vUr% Nk=kk% iBfUrA
ifjf'k"Ve~ 89
'kCn:ikf.k
loZuke&'kCn%
,rr~ (iqf¡ YyX)
izFkek ,"k% ,rkSS ,rs
f}rh;k ,re~ ,rkS ,rku~
r`rh;k ,rsu ,rkH;ke~ ,rS%
prqFkhZ ,rLeSs ,rkH;ke~ ,rsH;%
i×peh ,rLekr~ ,rkH;ke~ ,rsH;%
"k"Bh ,rL; ,r;kss% ,rs"kke~
lIreh ,rfLeu~ ,r;kss% ,rs"kq
,rr~ (L=khfyX)
izFkek ,"kk ,rs ,rk%
f}rh;k ,rke~ ,rs ,rk%
r`rh;k ,r;k ,rkH;ke~ ,rkfHk%
prqFkhZ ,rL;Ss ,rkH;ke~ ,rkH;%
i×peh ,rL;k% ,rkH;ke~ ,rkH;%
"k"Bh ,rL;k% ,r;kss% ,rklke~
lIreh ,rL;ke~ ,r;kss% ,rklq
,rr~ (uiql
a dfyX)
izFkek ,rr~ ,rs ,rkfu
f}rh;k ,rr~ ,rs ,rkfu
r`rh;k ,rsu ,rkH;ke~ ,rS%

prqFkhZ ,rLeSs ,rkH;ke~ ,rsH;%
i×peh ,rLekr~ ,rkH;ke~ ,rsH;%
"k"Bh ,rL; ,r;kss% ,rs"kke~
lIreh ,rfLeu~ ,r;kss% ,rs"kq
fo'ks"k%& loZuke'kCnkuka lEcks/us :ikf.k u HkofUrA
rr~ (iqf¡ YyX)

izFkek l% rkS rs
f}rh;k re~ rkS rku~
r`rh;k rsu rkH;ke~ rS%
prqFkhZ rLeSs rkH;ke~ rsH;%
i×peh rLekr~ rkH;ke~ rsH;%
"k"Bh rL; r;kss% rs"kke~
lIreh rfLeu~ r;kss% rs"kq
rr~ (L=khfyX)
izFkek lk rs rk%
f}rh;k rke~ rs rk%
r`rh;k r;k rkH;ke~ rkfHk%
prqFkhZ rL;Ss rkH;ke~ rkH;%
i×peh rL;k% rkH;ke~ rkH;%
"k"Bh rL;k% r;kss% rklke~
lIreh rL;ke~ r;ks% rklq
ifjf'k"Ve~ 91
rr~ (uiql
a dfyX)
izFkek rr~ rs rkfu
f}rh;k rr~~ rs rkfu
r`rh;k rsu rkH;ke~ rS%
prqFkhZ rLeSs rkH;ke~ rsH;%
i×peh rLekr~ rkH;ke~ rsH;%
"k"Bh rL; r;kss% rs"kke~
lIreh rfLeu~ r;kss% rs"kq
fde~ (iqf¡ YyX)

izFkek d% dkS osQ
f}rh;k de~ dkS dku~
r`rh;k osQu dkH;ke~ oSQ%
prqFkhZ dLeS dkH;ke~ osQH;%
i×peh dLekr~ dkH;ke~ osQH;%
"k"Bh dL; d;ks% osQ"kke~
lIreh dfLeu~ d;ks% osQ"kq
fde~ (L=khfyX)
izFkek dk osQ dk%
f}rh;k dke~ osQ dk%
r`rh;k d;k dkH;ke~ dkfHk%
prqFkhZ dL;S dkH;ke~ dkH;%
i×peh dL;k% dkH;ke~ dkH;%

"k"Bh dL;k% d;ks% dklke~
lIreh dL;ke~ d;ks% dklq
fde~ (uiql
a dfyX)
izFkek fde~ osQ dkfu
f}rh;k fde~ osQ dkfu
r`rh;k osQu dkH;ke~ oSQ%
prqFkhZ dLeS dkH;ke~ osQH;%
i×peh dLekr~ dkH;ke~ osQH;%
"k"Bh dL; d;ks% osQ"kke~
lIreh dfLeu~ d;ks% osQ"kq
bdkjkUr&L=khfyÄõ&'kCn%
efr
izFkek efr% erh er;%
f}rh;k efre~ erh erh%
r`rh;k eR;k efrH;ke~ efrfHk%
prqFkhZ eR;S@er;s efrH;ke~ efrH;%
i×peh eR;k%@ers% efrH;ke~ efrH;%
"k"Bh eR;k%@ers% eR;ks% erhuke~
lIreh eR;ke~@erkS eR;ks% efr"kq
lEcks/ue~ gs ers! gs erh! gs er;%!
,oeso xfr&fLFkfr&'kfDr&izhfr&Ñfr&bR;knhuke~ bdkjkUr&L=khfyÄõ&'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

ifjf'k"Ve~ 93
bZdkjkUr&L=khfyÄ&õ 'kCn%
unh
izFkek unh u|kS u|%
f}rh;k unhe~ u|kS unh%
r`rh;k u|k unhH;ke~ unhfHk%
prqFkhZ u|S unhH;ke~ unhH;%
i×peh u|k% unhH;ke~ unhH;%
"k"Bh u|k% u|ks% unhuke~
lIreh u|ke~ u|ks% unh"kq
lEcks/ue~ gs ufn! gs u|kS! gs u|%!
,oes o Hkfxuh&ys s [ kuh&ekfuuh&iBUrh&bR;knhuke~ bZ d kjkUr&L=khfyÄ õ& 'kCnkuka :ikf.k

HkofUrA
bdkjkUr&uiql
a dfyÄõ&'kCn%
okfj
izFkek okfj okfj.kh okjhf.k
f}rh;k okfj okfj.kh okjhf.k
r`rh;k okfj.kk okfjH;ke~ okfjfHk%
prqFkhZ okfj.ks okfjH;ke~ okfjH;%
i×peh okfj.k% okfjH;ke~ okfjH;%
"k"Bh okfj.k% okfj.kks% okjh.kke~
lIreh okfjf.k okfj.kks% okfj"kq
lEcks/ue~ gs okfj! gs okjs! gs okfj.kh! gs okjhf.k!
½dkjkUr&iqf¡ yÄõ&'kCn%
fir`
izFkek firk firjkS firj%
f}rh;k firje~ firjkS firÏu~
r`rh;k fi=kk fir`H;ke~ fir`fHk%
prqFkhZ fi=ks fir`H;ke~ fir`H;%
i×peh firq% fir`H;ke~ fir`H;%
"k"Bh firq% fi=kks% firÏ.kke~
lIreh firfj fi=kks% fir`"kq
lEcks/ue~ gs fir%! gs firjkS! gs firj%!
,oeso Hkzkr`&tkekr`&nso` (nsoj)&bR;knhuke~ ½dkjkUr&iq¡fyÄõ&'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrA
rù~&r`p~&izR;;kUrkuka nkr`&oDr`&/kr`&usr`&bR;knhuka rFkk Lol`&uIr`&{k=k`&gksr`&iksr`&'kCnkuka
izFkek&f}rh;k&foHkDR;ks% :is"kq nh?kZ% HkofrA ;Fkk&nkrk] nkrkjkS nkrkj%A ekr`'kCnL; f}rh;k
cgqopus ekrÏ% Hkofr] vU;kfu :ikf.k lekukfu ,oA
mdkjkUr&uiql
a dfyÄõ&'kCn%
e/q
izFkek e/q e/quh e/wfu
f}rh;k e/q e/quh e/wfu
r`rh;k e/quk e/qH;ke~ e/qfHk%
prqFkhZ e/qus e/qH;ke~ e/qH;%
i×peh e/qu% e/qH;ke~ e/qH;%
"k"Bh e/qu% e/quks% e/wuke~
lIreh e/qfu e/qukss% e/q"kqq
lEcks/ue~ gs e/q] gs e/ks! gs e/quh! gs e/wfu!
,oeso tkuq&rkyq&oLrq&bR;knhuke~ mdkjkUr&uiqald'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrA
ifjf'k"Ve~ 95
/krq&:ikf.k
pj~ (pyuk] pjuk)
izFkeiq#"k% pjfr pjr% pjfUr
eè;eiq#"k% pjfl pjFk% pjFk
mÙkeiq#"k% pjkfe pjko% pjke%
y`Vy
~ dkj% (Hkfo";Rdky%)
izFkeiq#"k% pfj";fr pfj";r% pfj";fUr
eè;eiq#"k% pfj";fl pfj";Fk% pfj";Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% pfj";kfe pfj";ko% pfj";ke%
izFkeiq#"k% vpjr~ vpjrke~ vpju~
eè;eiq#"k% vpj% vpjre~ vpjr
mÙkeiq#"k% vpje~ vpjko vpjke
yksV~ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%)
izFkeiq#"k% pjrq pjrke~ pjUrq
eè;eiq#"k% pj pjre~ pjr
mÙkeiq#"k% pjkf.k pjko pjke
fof/fyÄ~ydkj% (fof/%@lEHkkouk)
izFkeiq#"k% pjsr~ pjsrke~ pjs;q%
eè;eiq#"k% pjs% pjsre~ pjsr
mÙkeiq#"k% pjs;e~ pjso pjse
,oeso gl~] py~] [ksy~] [kkn~] /ko~] j{k~] iwt~] owQnZ~] ir~] Hkze~] fy[k~] xe~ (xPN)] iB~]
ØhM~&bR;knhuka /krwuka :ikf.k HkofUrA
Ñ (djuk)
izFkeiq#"k% djksfr oqQ#r% oqQoZfUr
eè;eiq#"k% djksf"k oqQ#Fk% oqQ#Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% djksfe oqQoZ% oqQeZ%
y`Vy
izFkeiq#"k% dfj";fr dfj";r% dfj";fUr
eè;eiq#"k% dfj";fl dfj";Fk% dfj";Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% dfj";kfe dfj";ko% dfj";ke%
izFkeiq#"k% vdjksr~ voqQ#rke~ voqQoZu~
eè;eiq#"k% vdjks% voqQ#re~ voqQ#r
mÙkeiq#"k% vdjoe~ vdjoko vdjoke
ifjf'k"Ve~ 97
izFkeiq#"k% djksrq oqQ#rke~ oqQoZUrq
eè;eiq#"k% oqQ# oqQ#re~ oqQ#r
mÙkeiq#"k% djokf.k djoko djoke
izFkeiq#"k% oqQ;kZr~ oqQ;kZrke~ oqQ;Zq%
eè;eiq#"k% oqQ;kZ% oqQ;kZre~ oqQ;kZr
mÙkeiq#"k% oqQ;kZe~ oqQ;kZo oqQ;kZe
ol~ (jguk)
izFkeiq#"k% olfr olr% olfUr
eè;eiq#"k% olfl olFk% olFk
mÙkeiq#"k% olkfe olko% olke%
y`Vy
izFkeiq#"k% oRL;fr oRL;r% oRL;fUr
eè;eiq#"k% oRL;fl oRL;Fk% oRL;Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% oRL;kfe oRL;ko% oRL;ke%
izFkeiq#"k% volr~ volrke~ volu~
eè;eiq#"k% vol% volre~ volr
mÙkeiq#"k% vole~ volko volke
izFkeiq#"k% olrq olrke~ olUrq
eè;eiq#"k% ol olre~ olr
mÙkeiq#"k% olkfu olko olke
izFkeiq#"k% olsr~ olsrke~ ols;q%
eè;eiq#"k% ols% olsre~ olsr
mÙkeiq#"k% ols;e~ olso olse
n`'k~ (i';) ns[kuk

izFkeiq#"k% i';fr i';r% i';fUr
eè;eiq#"k% i';fl i';Fk% i';Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% i';kfe i';ko% i';ke%
y`Vy
izFkeiq#"k% nz{;fr nz{;r% nz{;fUr
eè;eiq#"k% nz{;fl nz{;Fk% nz{;Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% nz{;kfe nz{;ko% nz{;ke%
ifjf'k"Ve~ 99
izFkeiq#"k% vi';r~ vi';rke~ vi';u~
eè;eiq#"k% vi';% vi';re~ vi';r
mÙkeiq#"k% vi';e~ vi';ko vi';ke
izFkeiq#"k% i';rq i';rke~ i';Urq
eè;eiq#"k% i'; i';re~ i';r
mÙkeiq#"k% i';kfu i';ko i';ke
izFkeiq#"k% i';sr~ i';srke~ i';s;q%
eè;eiq#"k% i';s% i';sre~ i';sr
mÙkeiq#"k% i';s;e~ i';so i';se
LFkk (fr"B) Bgjuk

izFkeiq#"k% fr"Bfr fr"Br% fr"BfUr
eè;eiq#"k% fr"Bfl fr"BFk% fr"BFk
mÙkeiq#"k% fr"Bkfe fr"Bko% fr"Bke%
y`Vy
izFkeiq#"k% LFkkL;fr LFkkL;r% LFkkL;fUr
eè;eiq#"k% LFkkL;fl LFkkL;Fk% LFkkL;Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% LFkkL;kfe LFkkL;ko% LFkkL;ke%
izFkeiq#"k% vfr"Br~ vfr"Brke~ vfr"Bu~
eè;eiq#"k% vfr"B% vfr"Bre~ vfr"Br
mÙkeiq#"k% vfr"Be~ vfr"Bko vfr"Bke
izFkeiq#"k% fr"Brq fr"Brke~ fr"BUrq
eè;eiq#"k% fr"B fr"Bre~ fr"Br
mÙkeiq#"k% fr"Bkfu fr"Bko fr"Bke
izFkeiq#"k% fr"Bsr~ fr"Bsrke~ fr"Bs;q%
eè;eiq#"k% fr"Bs% fr"Bsre~ fr"Bsr
mÙkeiq#"k% fr"Bs;e~ fr"Bso fr"Bse
ifjf'k"Ve~ 101
ip~ (idkuk)
izFkeiq#"k% ipfr ipr% ipfUr
eè;eiq#"k% ipfl ipFk% ipFk
mÙkeiq#"k% ipkfe ipko% ipke%
y`Vy
izFkeiq#"k% i{;fr i{;r% i{;fUr
eè;eiq#"k% i{;fl i{;Fk% i{;Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% i{;kfe i{;ko% i{;ke%
izFkeiq#"k% vipr~ viprke~ vipu~
eè;eiq#"k% vip% vipre~ vipr
mÙkeiq#"k% vipe~ vipko vipke
izFkeiq#"k% iprq iprke~ ipUrq
eè;eiq#"k% ip ipre~ ipr
mÙkeiq#"k% ipkfu ipko ipke
izFkeiq#"k% ipsr~ ipsrke~ ips;q%
eè;eiq#"k% ips% ipsre~ ipsr
mÙkeiq#"k% ips;e~ ipso ipse
ik (fic~) ihuk
izFkeiq#"k% ficfr ficr% ficfUr
eè;eiq#"k% ficfl ficFk% ficFk
mÙkeiq#"k% fickfe ficko% ficke%
y`Vy

izFkeiq#"k% ikL;fr ikL;r% ikL;fUr
eè;eiq#"k% ikL;fl ikL;Fk% ikL;Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% ikL;kfe ikL;ko% ikL;ke%
izFkeiq#"k% vficr~ vficrke~ vficu~
eè;eiq#"k% vfic% vficre~ vficr
mÙkeiq#"k% vfice~ vficko vficke
ifjf'k"Ve~ 103
izFkeiq#"k% ficrq ficrke~ ficUrq
eè;eiq#"k% fic ficre~ ficr
mÙkeiq#"k% fickfu ficko ficke
izFkeiq#"k% ficsr~ ficsrke~ fics;q%
eè;eiq#"k% fics% ficsre~ ficsr
mÙkeiq#"k% fics;e~ ficso ficse
la[;kokpd'kCnk%
1 ,d% 11 ,dkn'k%
2 }kS 12 }kn'k%
3 =k;% 13 =k;ksn'k%
4 pRokj% 14 prqn'Z k%
5 i×p 15 i×pn'k%
6 "kV~ 16 "kksM'k%
7 lIr 17 lIrn'k%
8 v"V@v"VkS 18 v"Vkn'k%
9 uo 19 uon'k%@,dksu¯o'kfr%@Åu¯o'kfr%
10 n'k 20 ¯o'kfr%
21 ,d¯o'kfr% 41 ,dpRok¯j'kr~
22 }k¯o'kfr% 42 f}pRok¯j'kr~
23 =k;ks¯o'kfr% 43 =k;'pRok¯j'kr~@f=kpRok¯j'kr~
24 prqfo±'kfr% 44 prq'pRok¯j'kr~
25 i×p¯o'kfr% 45 i×ppRok¯j'kr~
26 "kM~¯o'kfr% 46 "kV~pRok¯j'kr~
27 lIr¯o'kfr% 47 lIrpRok¯j'kr~
28 v"Vk¯o'kfr% 48 v"VpRok¯j'kr~@v"VkpRok¯j'kr~
29 uo¯o'kfr%@,dksu¯=k'kr~ 49 uopRok¯j'kr~@,dksui×pk'kr~
30 f=k'kr~ 50 i×pk'kr~
31 ,d¯=k'kr~ 51 ,di×pk'kr~
32 }k¯=k'kr~ 52 }ki×pk'kr~@f}i×pk'kr~
33 =k;¯L=k'kr~ 53 =k;%i×p'kr~@f=ki×pk'kr~
34 prq¯L=k'kr~ 54 prq%i×pk'kr~
35 i×p¯=k'kr~ 55 i×pi×pk'kr~
36 "kV~¯=k'kr~ 56 "kV~i×pk'kr~
37 lIr¯=k'kr~ 57 lIri×pk'kr~
38 v"Vk¯=k'kr~ 58 v"Vki×pk'kr~@v"Vi×pk'kr~
39 uo¯=k'kr~@,dksupRok¯j'kr~ 59 uoi×pk'kr~@,dksu"kf"V%
40 pRok¯j'kr~ 60 "kf"V%
ifjf'k"Ve~ 105
61 ,d"kf"V% 81 ,dk'khfr%
62 }k"kf"V%@f}"kf"V% 82 }Ô'khfr%
63 =k;""kf"V%@f=k"kf"V% 83 =k;'khfr%
64 prq""kf"V% 84 prqj'khfr%
65 i×p"kf"V% 85 i×pk'khfr%
66 "kV~"kf"V% 86 "kM'khfr%
67 lIr"kf"V% 87 lIrk'khfr%
68 v"Vk"kf"V%@v"V"kf"V% 88 v"Vk'khfr%
69 uo"kf"V%@,dksulIrfr% 89 uok'khfr%@,dksuuofr%
70 lIrfr% 90 uofr%
71 ,dlIrfr% 91 ,duofr%
72 }klIrfr%@f}lIrfr% 92 }kuofr%@f}uofr%
73 f=klIrfr%@=k;LlIrfr% 93 =k;ksuofr%@f=kuofr%
74 prqLlIrfr% 94 prquoZ fr%
75 i×plIrfr% 95 i×puofr%
76 "kV~lIrfr% 96 "k..kofr%
77 lIrlIrfr% 97 lIruofr%
78 v"VklIrfr%@v"VlIrfr% 98 v"Vkuofr%@v"Vuofr%
79 uolIrfr%@,dksuk'khfr% 99 uouofr%@,dksu'kre~
80 v'khfr% 100 'kre~
iwj.kokpd'kCnk%
iq¡fyX L=khfyX uiq¡ldfyX
1 izFke% izFkek izFkee~
2 f}rh;% f}rh;k f}rh;e~
3 r`rh;% r`rh;k r`rh;e~
4 prqFkZ% prqFkhZ prqFkZe~
5 i×pe% i×peh i×pee~
6 "k"B% "k"Bh "k"Be~
7 lIre% lIreh lIree~
8 v"Ve% v"Veh v"Vee~
9 uoe% uoeh uoee~
10 n'ke% n'keh n'kee~
ikBkuqØef.kdk
i`"BkÄïk%
iqjksoko~Q iii
Hkwfedk vii
eXye~ xii
izFke% ikB% lqHkkf"krkfu 1
f}rh;% ikB% fcyL; ok.kh u dnkfi es Jqrk 6
r`rh;% ikB% HkxonTtqde~ 13
prqFkZ% ikB% lnSo iqjrks fu/sfg pj.ke~ 23
i×pe% ikB% /esZ /eua ikis iq.;e~ 29
"k"B% ikB% izes yL; izes Y;k'p dFkk 37
lIre% ikB% tyokfguh 43
v"Ve% ikB% lalkjlkxjL; uk;dk% 50
uoe% ikB% lIrHkfxU;% 59
n'ke% ikB% v'kksdofudk 68
,dkn'k% ikB% lkfo=kh ckbZ iqQys 74
}kn'k% ikB% d% j{kfr d% jf{kr% 80
=k;ksn'k% ikB% fgeky;% 88
prqn'Z k% ikB% vk;ZHkV% 94
i×pn'k% ikB% izgfs ydk% 102
ifjf'k"Ve~ lfU/%] dkjde~] 'kCn:ikf.k /krq:ikf.k p 107
xi
eÄõye~
;Ttkxzrks nwjeqnfS r nSoa
rnq lqIrL; rFkSofS rA
nwjxa ea T;ksfr"kka T;ksfrjsoQa
rUes eu% f'kolÄïYieLrq AA1AA
&'kqDy;tqosZn%(34-1)
lq"kkjfFkj'okfuo ;Ueuq";k&
Uusuh;rs¿Hkh'kqfHkokZftu boA
âRizfr"Ba ;nftja tfo"Ba
rUes eu% f'kolÄYï ieLrqq AA2AA
&'kqDy;tqosZn%(34-6)
:ikUrje~
tks jgrk gS tkxzr vkSj nwj nwj rd tkrk gS]
lks;k jg dj Hkh ,sls gh tk dj okil vkrk gSA
nwj nwj og tkus okyk lc rstksa dk T;ksfrfu/ku
lnk lefUor 'kqHklÄïYiksa ls og eu esjk cus egku~ AA1AA
tks tu tu dks ckxMksj ls b/j m/j ys tkrk gS]
prqj lkjFkh T;ksa ?kksM+ksa dks bfPNr pky pykrk gSA
lnk izfrf"Br ân;ns'k esa vtj vkSj vfr'k; xfreku~
lnk lefUor 'kqHklÄïYiksa ls og eu esjk cus egku~ AA2AA
izFke% ikB%
lqHkkf"krkfu
¹^lqHkkf"kr* 'kCn ^lq $ Hkkf"kr* bu nks 'kCnksa osQ esy ls lEiÂ gksrk gSA lq dk vFkZ
lqUnj] e/qj rFkk Hkkf"kr dk vFkZ opu gSA bl rjg lqHkkf"kr dk vFkZ lqUnj@eèkqj
opu gSA izLrqr ikB esa lwfDre×tjh] uhfr'krde~] euqLe`fr%] f'k'kqikyoèke~] i×prU=ke~
ls jkspd vkSj fopkjksÙkstd 'yksdksa dks laxg` hr fd;k x;k gSAº
xq.kk xq.kKs"kq xq.kk HkofUr

rs fuxq.Z ka izkI; HkofUr nks"kk%A
lqLoknqrks;k% izHkofUr u|%
leqnzeklk| HkoUR;is;k% AA1AA
lkfgR;lÄhõ rdykfoghu%
lk{kkRi'kq%iqPNfo"kk.kghu%A
r`.ka u [kknÂfi thoeku%
rn~Hkkx/s;a ijea i'kwuke~ AA2AA
yqC/L; u';fr ;'k% fi'kquL; eS=kh
u"VfØ;L; oqQyeFkZijL; /eZ%A
fo|kiQya O;lfuu% Ñi.kL; lkS[;a
jkT;a izeÙklfpoL; ujkf/iL; AA3AA
lqHkkf"krkfu
1
ihRok jla rq dVqoQa e/qja lekua
ek/q;Zeso tu;sUe/qef{kdklkSA
lUrLrFkSo lelTtunqtZukuka
JqRok op% e/qjlwDrjla l`tfUr AA4AA
egrka izÑfr% lSo of/Zrkuka ijSjfiA
u tgkfr futa Hkkoa la[;klq ykÑfr;ZFkk AA5AA
fÏ;ka jkspekuk;ka lo± rn~ jksprs oqQye~A
rL;ka Rojkspekuk;ka loZeso u jksprs AA6AA
'kCnkFkkZ%
xq.kKs"kq & xqf.k;ksa esa

lqLoknqrks;k% & Lokfn"V ty
izHkofUr & fudyrh gSa@mRiUu gksrh gSa
leqnzeklk| (leqnze~$vklk|) & leqnz esa feydj@igq¡pdj
HkoUR;is;k% (HkofUr$vis;k%) & ihus ;ksX; ugha gksrh
fo"kk.kghu% & lhax osQ fcuk
[kknUufi ([kknu~$vfi) & [kkrs gq, Hkh
thoeku% & ftUnk jgrk gqvk
fi'kquL; & pqxy[kksj@pqxyh djus okys dh
O;lfuu% & cqjh yr okyksa dh
ujkf/iL; (uj$vf/iL;) & jktk dk@osQ@dh
#fpjk
2 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
tu;sUe/qef{kdklkS & ;g e/qeD[kh iSnk djrh@
(tu;sr~$e/qef{kdk$vlkS) fuekZ.k djrh gS
lUrLrFkSo (lUr%$rFkk$,o) & oSls gh lTtu
l`tfUr & fuekZ.k djrs gSa
izÑfr% & LoHkko@vknr
of/Zrkuke~ & c<+k;s x,@iz'kaflr
ijSjfi (ijS%$vfi) & nwljksa ls Hkh@ijk;ksa ls Hkh
tgkfr & NksM+rk gS
ykÑfr;ZFkk (y`$vkÑfr%$;Fkk) & tSls ukS dk vkdkj@LoHkko
jkspekuk;ke~ & vPNh yxus ij
vH;kl%
vH;kl%
1- ikBs nÙkkuka i|kuka lLojokpua oqQ#rA

(d) leqnez klk| ------------------------------ A
([k) -------------------- op% e/qjlwDrjla l`tfUrA
(x) rn~Hkkx/s;a -------------------------------- i'kwuke~A
(?k) fo|kiQya -------------------- Ñi.kL; lkS[;e~A
(Ä) fL=k;ka ----------------- lo± rn~ ----------------- oqQye~A

(d) O;lfuu% ¯d u';fr\
([k) dL;ka jkspekuk;ka lo± oqQya jksprs\
lqHkkf"krkfu
3
(x) dL; ;'k% u';fr\
(?k) dfLeu~ yÜ ksoQs lRlÄõr%s izHkkoks of.kZr%\
(Ä) e/qjlwDrjla osQ l`tfUr\
4- v/ksfyf[kr&rn~Hko&'kCnkuka Ñrs ikBkr~ fpRok laLÑrinkfu fy[kr&
;Fkk&oaQtwl Ñi.k%
dM+ok --------------------
iw¡N --------------------
yksHkh --------------------
e/qeD[kh --------------------
frudk --------------------
5- v/ksfyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq drZ̀ina fØ;kina p fpRok fy[kr&

okD;kfu dÙkkZ fØ;k
;Fkk&lUr% e/qjlwDrjla l`tfUrA lUr% l`tfUr
(d) fuxZ.q ka izkI; HkofUr nks"kk%A -------------------- --------------------
([k) xq.kKs"kq xq.kk% HkofUrA -------------------- --------------------
(x) e/qef{kdk ek/q;± tu;srA~ -------------------- --------------------
(?k) fi'kquL; eS=kh ;'k% uk'k;frA -------------------- --------------------
(Ä) u|% leqnez klk| vis;k% HkofUrA -------------------- --------------------
6- js[kkfÄïrkfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) xq.kk% xq.kKs"kq xq.kk% HkofUrA
([k) u|% lqLoknqrks;k% HkofUrA
(x) yqC/L; ;'k% u';frA
(?k) e/qef{kdk ek/q;eZ os tu;frA
(Ä) egrka izÑfr% lqfLFkjk HkofrA
#fpjk
4 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
7- mnkgj.kkuqlkja inkfu i`Fko~Q oqQq #r&
;Fkk&leqnez klk| μ leqnez ~ $ vklk|
ek/q;Zeso μ --------------- $ ---------------
vYieso μ --------------- $ ---------------
loZeso μ --------------- $ ---------------
lekuefi μ --------------- $ ---------------
egkReukeqfDr% μ --------------- $ ---------------
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
izLrqr ikB esa egkiq#"kksa dh izÑfr] xqf.k;ksa dh iz'kalk] lTtuksa dh ok.kh]
lkfgR;&laxhr&dyk dh egÙkk] pqxy[kksjksa dh nksLrh ls gksus okyh gkfu] fL=k;ksa osQ
izlUu jgus esa lcdh [kq'kgkyh dks vkyÄïkfjd Hkk"kk esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
ikB osQ 'yksdksa osQ leku vU; lqHkkf"krksa dks Hkh Lej.k j[ksa rFkk thou esa
mudh mikns;rk@laxfr ij fopkj djsAa
(d) ;s"kka u fo|k u riks u nkue~
Kkua u 'khya u xq.kks u /eZ%A
rs eR;ZyksoQs Hkqfo HkkjHkwrk%
euq";:is.k e`xk'pjfUrAA
([k) xq.kk% iwtkLFkkua xqf.k"kq u p fyÄõa u p o;%A
(x) izkjH; pksÙketuk% u ifjR;tfUrA
(?k) nqtuZ % ifjgrZO;ks fo|;k¿yÄ` rï ks¿fi lu~A
(Ä) u izk.kkUrs izÑfrfoÑfrtkZ;rs pksÙkekuke~A
(p) mn;s lfork jDrks jDr'pkLrÄõrs rFkkA
lEiÙkkS p foiÙkkS p egrkesd:irkAA
mi;ZDq r lqHkkf"krksa osQ va'kksa dks i<+dj Lo;a le>us dk iz;Ru djsa rFkk laLÑr
,oa vU; Hkkjrh;&Hkk"kkvksa osQ lqHkkf"krksa dk laxgz djsAa
^xq.kk xq.kKs"kq xq.kk HkofUr*μbl iafDr esa folxZ lfU/ osQ fu;e esa ^xq.kk%* osQ folxZ
dk nksuksa ckj yksi gqvk gSA lfU/ osQ fcuk iafDr ^xq.kk% xq.kKs"kq xq.kk% HkofUr* gksxhA
lqHkkf"krkfu
5
f}rh;% ikB%
fcyL; ok.kh u dnkfi es Jqrk

¹izLrqr ikB laLÑr osQ izfl¼ dFkkxzUFk î×prU=ke~* osQ r`rh; rU=k ^dkdksyd
w h;e~*
ls ladfyr gSA i×prU=k osQ ewy ys[kd fo".kq'kekZ gSAa blesa ik¡p [k.M gSa ftUgsa
^rU=k* dgk x;k gSA buesa x|&i| :i esa dFkk,¡ nh x;h gSa ftuosQ ik=k eq[;r%
i'kq&i{kh gSAa º
vO;;iz;ksx%
d¯Lef'pr~ ous [kju[kj% uke ¯lg% izfrolfr LeA l% dnkfpr~ brLrr% ifjHkzeu~
{kq/krZ% u fdf×pnfi vkgkja izkIroku~A rr%
lw;kZLrle;s ,dka egrha xqgka n`"V~ok l%
vfpUr;r~&¶uwue~ ,rL;ka xqgk;ka jk=kkS dks¿fi
tho% vkxPNfrA vr% v=kSo fuxw<ks HkwRok
fr"Bkfe¸ bfrA
,rfLeu~ vUrjs xqgk;k% Lokeh nf/iqPN%
uke 'k`xky% lekxPNr~A l p ;kor~ i';fr
rkor~ ¯lgini¼fr% xqgk;ka izfo"Vk n`';rs] u
p cfgjkxrkA 'k` x ky% vfpUr;r~ & ¶vgks
fou"Vks¿fLeA uwue~ vfLeu~ fcys ¯lg% vLrhfr
roZQ;kfeA rr~ ¯d djokf.k\¸ ,oa fofpUR;
#fpjk
6 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
nwjLFk% joa drqeZ kjC/%&¶Hkks fcy! Hkks fcy! ¯d u
Lejfl] ;Ue;k Ro;k lg le;% Ñrks¿fLr ;r~ ;nkga
ckár% izR;kxfe";kfe rnk Roa eke~ vkdkjf;";fl\
;fn Roa eka u vkà;fl rfgZ vga f}rh;a fcya ;kL;kfe
bfrA¸
vFk ,rPNqRz ok ¯lg% vfpUr;r~&¶uwues"kk xqgk
Lokfeu% lnk lekàkua djksfrA ijUrq en~Hk;kr~ u
fdf×pr~ onfrA¸
vFkok lkfèone~ mP;rs&
Hk;lU=kLreulka gLriknkfndk% fØ;k%A
izorZUrs u ok.kh p osiFkq'pkf/dks HkosrA~ A
rnge~ vL; vkàkua djksfeA ,oa
l% fcys izfo'; es HkksT;a Hkfo";frA
bRFka fopk;Z ¯lg% lglk 'k` x kyL;
vkàkuedjks r ~ A ¯lgL; mPpxtZ u &
iz f rèofuuk lk xq g k mPpS % 'k` x kye~
vkà;r~A vusu vU;s¿fi i'ko% Hk;Hkhrk%
vHkou~A 'k`xkyks¿fi rr% nwja iyk;eku%
beeiBr~&
vukxra ;% oqQ#rs l 'kksHkrs
l 'kksP;rs ;ks u djksR;ukxre~A
ous¿=k laLFkL; lekxrk tjk
fcyL; ok.kh u dnkfi es JqrkAA
fcyL; ok.kh
u dnkfi es 7
Jqrk
'kCnkFkkZ%
dfLe¯'pr~ (dfLeu~$fpr~) & fdlh (ou esa)

{kq/krZ% ({kq/k$vkrZ%) & Hkw[k ls O;koqQy
vUrjs & chp esa
fuxw<ks HkwRok & fNidj
¯lgini¼fr% & 'ksj osQ iSjksa osQ fpÉ
jo% & 'kCn@vkokt
;kor~&rkor~ & tcrd] rcrd
le;% & 'krZ
ckár% & ckgj ls
;fn&rfgZ & vxj] rks
rPNzqRok (rr~$JqRok) & og lqudj
Hk;lU=kLreulke~ & Mjs gq, eu okyksa dk
gLriknkfndk% & gkFk&iSj vkfn ls lEcfU/r
(gLrikn$vkfndk%)
osiFkq% & dEiu
HkksT;e~ & Hkkstu ;ksX; (inkFkZ)
lglk & ,dk,d
vukxre~ & vkus okys (nq%[k) dks
'kksP;rs & fpUruh; gksrk gS
laLFkL; & jgrs gq, dk@osQ@dh
tjk & cq<+kik
oqQ#rs@djksfr & (fujkdj.k) djrk gS
fcyL; & fcy dk (xqiQk dk)
#fpjk
8 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
dfLeaf'pr~ fofpUR; lkfèone~
{kq/krZ% ,rPNzqRok Hk;lU=kLreulke~
¯lgini¼fr% lekàkue~ izfrèofu%
2- ,dinsu mÙkja fy[kr&

(d) ¯lgL; uke fde~\
([k) xqgk;k% Lokeh d% vklhr~\
(x) ¯lg% dfLeu~ le;s xqgk;k% lehis vkxr%\
(?k) gLriknkfndk% fØ;k% osQ"kka u izorZUrs\
(Ä) xqgk osQu izfrèofurk\
3- e×tw"kkr% vO;;ina fpRok okD;kfu iwj;r&
lnk cfg% nwja rkor~ rfgZ rnk
(d) ;nk n'koknua Hkofr ------------------ Nk=kk% fo|ky;a xPNfUrA

([k) lw;%Z iwofZ n'kk;ka ------------------ mnsfrA
(x) 'k`xky% xqgk;k% ------------------ vklhr~A
(?k) l p ;kor~ i';fr] ------------------ ¯lgini¼fr% xqgk;ka izfo"Vk n`';rsA
(Ä) 'k`xkyks¿fi rr% ------------------ iyk;eku% viBr~A
(p) ;fn liQyrke~ bPNfl ------------------ vkyL;a R;tA
fcyL; ok.kh
u dnkfi es 9
Jqrk
(d) [kju[kj% oqQ=k izfrolfr Le\
([k) egrha xqgka n`"V~ok ¯lg% fde~ vfpUr;r~\
(x) 'k`xky% fde~ vfpUr;r~\
(?k) 'k`xky% oqQ=k iykf;r%\
(Ä) ¯d fopk;Z ¯lg% 'k`xkyL; vkàkuedjksr\~
(p) vL;ka dFkk;ka dL; pkrq;± fu:fira ¯lgL; 'k`xkyL; ok\
lglk nwjs Øe'k% ;nk rnk ijUrq ;fn rfgZ
,dfLeu~ ous d'Pku O;k/% tkya foLrh;Z ------------------ fLFkr%A ------------------

vkdk'ks lifjokj% diksr jkt% fp=kxzho% fuxZr %A
------------------ r.Mqyd.kkukeqifj diksrkuka yksHkks tkr%A
-------------------------- jktk r=k lger% uklhr~A rL; ;qfDr%
vklhr~ ------------------ futZus ous dks¿fi euq";ks ukfLr

----------------------- oqQrks ok r.Mqyd.kkuka lEHko%\
------------------ jkK% mins'keLohÑR; rs uhpS% vkxrk]
------------------ tkys fuifrrk%A vr% mDre~ ^--------------
fonèkhr u fØ;ke~*A
#fpjk
10 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
6- ?kVukØekuqlkja okD;kfu fy[kr&
(d) xqgk;k% Lokeh nf/iqPN% uke 'k`xky% lekxPNr~A
([k) ¯lg% ,dka egrha xqgke~ vi';r~A
(x) ifjHkzeu~ ¯lg% {kq/krksZ tkr%A
(?k) nwjLFk% 'k`xky% joa dÙkqeZ kjC/%A
(Ä) ¯lg% 'k`xkyL; vkàkuedjksrA~
(p) nwja iyk;eku% 'k`xky% 'yksdeiBr~A
(N) xqgk;ka dks¿fi vfLr bfr 'k`xkyL; fopkj%A
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
xzUFk&ifjp; & fo".kq'kekZ us jktk vej'kfDr osQ ew[kZ iq=kksa dks oqQ'ky jktuhfrK
cukus osQ mís'; ls dFkkvksa osQ ladyu osQ :i esa i×prU=k dh jpuk dh FkhA blesa
fe=kHksn] fe=klEizkfIr] dkdksyd
w h;] yC/iz.kk'k rFkk vijhf{kr&dkjd_ bu ik¡p [k.Mksa
esa oqQy 70 dFkk,¡ rFkk 900 'yksd gSAa 'yksdksa esa izk;% roZQiw.kZ uhfr'yksd iz;Dq r
gSAa i×prU=k dk vuqokn prqFkZ 'krkCnh osQ vklikl bZjku dh igyoh Hkk"kk esa gqvk
FkkA blh osQ vk/kj ij fons'kh Hkk"kkvksa esa blosQ vusd vuqokn gq,A
^dkdksydw h;e~* i×prU=k dk r`rh; rU=k gSA bldk uke dkd vkSj mywd dh
eq[; dFkk osQ dkj.k iM+k gSA
O;kdj.ke~
vO;; & vO;; laLÑr esa nks izdkj osQ 'kCn gS&a fodkjh rFkk vfodkjhA fodkjh
'kCn ifjorZu'khy gSAa laKk] loZuke] fo'ks"k.k vkSj fØ;k 'kCn fodkjh gSAa tSl&s ckyd%]
l%] 'kqDy%] xPNfrA vfodkjh 'kCn vO;; dgykrs gSAa buosQ :i dHkh ugha cnyrsA
tSl&s v=k] v/quk] vfiA
fcyL; ok.kh
u dnkfi es 11
Jqrk
vO;;ksa osQ Hkh :< vkSj ;kSfxd nks :i feyrs gSAa :< vO;;ksa osQ [k.M ugha
gksrs tSl&s p] vfi] ok] rq] [kyq] u bR;kfnA ;kSfxd vO;;ksa osQ [k.M gksrs gSa ;s Ñr~]
rf¼r ;k lekl osQ :i esa gksrs gSAa Ñr~ ls cus vO;; gS&a xRok] xUrqe~ bR;kfnA rf¼r
ls cus vO;; gS&a loZFkk] ,dnk] r=k] bRFke~] dFke~ bR;kfnA lekl osQ :i esa vO;;
gS&a izfrfnue~] ;Fkk'kfDr bR;kfnA
izLrqr ikB esa dnkfpr~] brLrr% (br% $ rr%)] u] n`"V~ok] uwue~] vfi] rfgZ]
v=k] ,o (v=kSo)] HkwRok] bfr] p] cfg%] vgks] ,oe~] fofpUR;] lg] rnk] ;fn] vFk]
JqRok] lnk] ijUrq (ije~ $ rq)] izfo';] lglk] dnkfi (dnk $ vfi) ;s vO;; gSAa
budh mi;ZDq r dksfV;ksa esa igpku dh tk ldrh gSA
#fpjk
12 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
r`rh;% ikB%
HkxonTtqde~
¹HkxonTtqde~ laLÑr dk ,d izfl¼ izglu gSA blosQ jpf;rk cks/k;u dgs x;s gSAa
blesa olUrlsuk uked xf.kdk viuh lsfodk ijHk`frdk osQ lkFk m|ku esa fogkj osQ
fy, vkrh gSA mldk izes h jkfeyd mlls feyus ogk¡ vkrk gSA blh chp ;e osQ }kjk
Hkstk x;k nwr ftls olUrlsuk uke dh fdlh vU; L=kh osQ izk.k ys tkuk gS] liZ
cudj xyrh ls bl olUrlsuk dks Ml ysrk gS vkSj mldk tho ysdj ;eyksd pyk
tkrk gSA
blh m|ku esa ,d ifjozktd (laU;klh) vius f'k"; osQ lkFk vk;s gq, gSAa
olUrlsuk dks e`r ns[kdj f'k"; 'kkf.MY; nq%[kh gks tkrk gSA rc ifjozktd ;ksx ls
viuk tho xf.kdk dh dk;k esa izo's k djk nsrs gSAa xf.kdk thfor gks tkrh gSA mèkj
xyr tho ykus ij ;ejkt ;eiq#"k dks Mk¡V&MiVdj okil Hkstrs gSAa m|ku esa
okil vkdj ;eiq#"k ns[krk gS fd ftl xf.kdk osQ izk.k og ys x;k Fkk og laU;klh
dh rjg lcdks mins'k ns jgh gSA rc ;eiq#"k laU;klh osQ [ksy dks vkxs c<+kus osQ
fy, xf.kdk dk tho laU;klh osQ nsg esa Mky nsrk gSA xf.kdk laU;klh dh rjg
cksyrh gS] laU;klh xf.kdk dh rjg& bl myV isQj ls bl ukVd esa ,d folaxr
gkL;iw.kZ ,oa jkspd fLFkfr cu tkrh gSAº
udkjkUriqf¡ YyÄ%õ
(rr% izfo'kfUr ,dr% ifjozktdL; thosu vkfo"Vk olUrlsuk] psVh] jkfeyd'p_

ifjozktdL; futhZonsgus lg f'k";% 'kkf.MY;% vijr% vU;;k psV~;k lg oS|%)
oS|% & oqQ=k lk\
psVh & ,"kk [kyq vTtqdk u rkor~ lÙofLFkrkA
HkxonTtqde~ 13
12
oS|% & vjs b;a lis.Z k n"VkA
psVh & dFkek;ksZ tkukfr\
oS|% & egkUra fodkja djksrhfrA
fo"krU=ke~ vkjHks A
oq Q .My&oq Q fVyxkfefu!
e.Mya iz f o'k iz f o'kA
oklqfdiq=k! fr"B fr"BA
Jw JwA vga rs fljkosèka
dfj";kfeA oqQ=k oqQBkfjdkA
xf.kdk & ew[kZ oS|! vya ifjJes.kA
oS|% & fiÙkeI;fLrA vga rs fiÙka okra
diaQ p uk'k;kfeA
jkfeyd% & Hkks%! fØ;rka ;Ru%A u
[kYoÑrKk o;e~A
oS|% & xqfydk% vku;kfeA
(fu"ØkUr%)
(rr% izfo'kfr ;eiq#"k%)
;eiq#"k% & Hkks%! HkfRlZrks¿ga ;esuA
u lk olUrlsus;a f{kiza r=kSo uh;rke~A
vU;k olUrlsuk ;k {kh.kk;qLrkfegk¿u;AA
;konL;k''kjhjefXula;ksxa u Lohdjksfr rkoRlizk.kkesuka djksfeA
(foyksD;) v;s! mfRFkrk [kfYo;e~A Hkks! fdUuq [kfYone~A
vL;k thoks ee djs mfRFkrS"kk ojkÄõukA
vk'p;± ijea yksoQs Hkqfo iwo± u n`';rsAA
(loZrks¿oyksD;)
#fpjk
14 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
v;s! v;e=kHkoku~ ;ksxh ifjozktd% ØhMfrA fdfenkuha dfj";sA Hkorq]
n`"Ve~A vL;k xf.kdk;k vkRekua ifjozktd'kjhjs U;L; voflrs deZf.k
;FkkLFkkua fofu;kst;kfeA
(rFkk ÑRok fu"ØkUr%)
ifjozktd%& (mRFkk; xf.kdk;k% Lojs.k) ijHk`frosQ! ijHk`frosQ!
'kkf.MY;% & vjs! izR;kxrizk.k% [kyq Hkxoku~A
ifjozktd%& oqQ=k oqQ=k jkfeyd%A
jkfeyd% & HkxoUu;efLeA
'kkf.MY;% & Hkxou~ fdfene~\ #nzk{kxzg.kksfpr% okegLr% 'kÄ~[koy;iwfjr bo
es izfrHkkfrA uSo uSoA
ifjozktd%& jkfeyd! vkfyÄõ eke~A
(rr% izfo'kfr oS|%)
HkxonTtqde~ 15
14
oS|% & xqfydk% e;k vkuhrk%A mnde~ mnde~A
psVh & bne~ mnde~A
oS|% & xqfydk% vo?k^;kfeA
xf.kdk & (laU;kflu% Lojs.k) ew[kZ oS|! tkukfl dresu lis.Z k b;a L=kh
n"Vk\
oS|% & vjs] b;a izrs us vkfo"VkA
xf.kdk & 'kkL=ka tkukfl\
oS|% & vFk fde~\
xf.kdk & czfw g oS|'kkL=ke~A
oS|% & 'k`.kksrq HkorhA
okfrdk% iSfÙkdk'pSo 'ySf"edk'p egkfo"kk%A
=khf.k likZ HkoUR;s r s prq F kks Z ukf/xE;rs A A
#fpjk
16 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
xf.kdk & v;ei'kCn%A =k;% likZ bfr oDrO;e~A ^=khf.k* uiql a oaQ HkofrA
oS|% & vjs] vjs! b;a oS;kdj.klis.Z k [kkfnrk HkosrA~
xf.kdk & fd;Urks fo"kosxk%\
oS|% & fo"kosxk% 'kre~A
xf.kdk & u u] lIr rs fo"kosxk%A r|FkkA
jksek×pks eq[k'kks"k'p oSo.;± pSo osiFkq%A
fgDdk oÜ kl'p laeksg% lIrSrk fo"kfofØ;k%AA
oS|% & u [kYoLekoaQ fo"k;%A ueks HkxoR;SA xPNkfe rkonge~A
(fu"ØkUr%)
(izfo';)
;eiq#"k% & HkxoUeqP;rka xf.kdk;k% 'kjhje~A
xf.kdk & vLrqA
;eiq#"k% & ;Fkk vL;k% thofofue;a ÑRok ;kongefi Lodk;Zeuqfr"BkfeA
(rFkk ÑRok fu"ØkUr%)
ifjozktd%& f'koeLrq loZtxrka ijfgrfujrk HkoUrq Hkwrx.kk%A
nks"kk% iz;kUrq uk'ka loZ=k lq[kh Hkorq yksd%AA
'kCnkFkkZ%
vTtqdk & lEekU; efgyk@xf.kdk osQ

fy;s laKk vkSj lacks/u
,dr% & ,d vksj
ifjozktdL; & laU;klh dk
thosu & izk.k osQ lkFk
vkfo"Vk & izfo"V gqbZ
vijr% & nwljh vksj
HkxonTtqde~ 17
16
psVh & nklh] ukSdjkuh
lÙofLFkrk & izk.k esa fLFkr
n"Vk & Ml yh x;h
fo"krU=ke~ & >kM+&iw¡Qd dks@fo"k Hkxkus dh fo|k dks
vkjHks & vkjEHk djrk gw¡@'kq: djrk gw¡
oqQ.MyoqQfVyxkfefu! & gs oqQ.My osQ leku Vs<+h pky okyh
e.Mye~ & vks>kvksa osQ }kjk lk¡i idM+us osQ fy;s
i`Fohry ij cuk;h tkus okyh o`Ùkkdkj
vkÑfr
fljkos/e~ & ukM+h dkVuk
oqQBkfjdk & NksVh oqQYgkM+h
fiÙke~] okre~ & fiÙk ,oa okr (ok;q) ls mRiUu gksus
okys jksx
fØ;rke~ & djsa
;Ru% & Je] ifjJe] esgur
vÑrKk & Ñr?u
xqfydk% & nokbZ dh xksfy;k¡
fu"ØkUr% & fudy x;k
HkfRlZr% & Mk¡Vk x;k
f{kize~ & 'kh?kz
uh;rke~ & ys tk;sa
{kh.kk;q% ({kh.k$vk;q%) & ftldh vk;q lekIr gks x;h gS
bg & ;gk¡
vfXula;ksxe~ & vkx ls la;ksx
lizk.kke~ & izk.k lfgr dks
#fpjk
18 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
mfRFkrk & mB x;h
ojkÄõuk (oj$vÄõuk) & Js"B ukjh
Hkqfo & i`Foh ij
U;L; & j[kdj
voflrs & lekIr gksus ij
izR;kxrizk.k% & ftldk izk.k ykSV vk;k gS
'kÄ~[koy;iwfjr & 'kÄ~[k fufeZr dM+k ls ;qDr
vo?k^;kfe & ?kksaVrk gw¡@ihlrk gw¡
dresu & fdl
fd;Ur% & fdrus
eq[k'kks"k% & eq¡g dk lw[kuk
oSo.;Ze~ & psgjs dk jax mM+uk
osiFkq% & dk¡iuk@d¡id¡ih
fgDdk & fgpdh
laeksg% & csgks'kh] ewPNkZ
fo"kosxk% & fo"k osQ izHkko
fo"kfofØ;k% & fo"k osQ fodkj
eqP;rke~ & NksM+ nsa
mixE; & ikl tkdj
thofofue;e~ & izk.k dh vnyk&cnyh
Hkwrx.kk% & izkf.kx.k
iz;kUrq & tk;sa
HkxonTtqde~ 19
18
vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr&

(d) xf.kdk;k% uke fde~\
([k) ifjozktdL; f'k";% d% vklhr~\
(x) ;enwr% xf.kdk;k% thoa dL; 'kjhjs fun/kfr\
(?k) ijfgrfujrk osQ HkoUrq\
2- lfU/foPNsna oqQ#r&
;Fkk & r=kSo r=k $ ,o
HkxoUu;e~ ---------------- $ ----------------
'okl'p ---------------- $ ----------------
[kYoÑrKk% ---------------- $ ----------------
lIrSrk% ---------------- $ ----------------
djksrhfr ---------------- $ ----------------
3- mnkgj.kkuqlkja vO;;inkfu fpuqr&

;Fkk & jk/k vfi u`R;frA vfi
(d) Roa dnk x`ga xfe";flA ----------------
([k) v/quk d% le;%A ----------------
(x) egkRekxkU/h lnk lR;a onfr LeA ----------------
(?k) vga oÜ % fo|ky;a xfe";kfeA ----------------
(Ä) bnkuha Roa 'yksoQa iBA ----------------
#fpjk
20 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
4- v/ksfyf[krkfu dFkukfu d%@dk oaQ@dka izfr dFk;kfr\
d%@dk oaQ@dka izfr
(d) ew[kZ oS|! vya ifjJes.kA ---------------- ----------------
([k) oqQ=k oqQ=k jkfeyd%A ---------------- ----------------
(x) fo"kosxk% 'kre~A ---------------- ----------------
(?k) xqfydk% e;k vkuhrk%A ---------------- ----------------
(Ä) bne~ mnde~A ---------------- ----------------
(p) vjs! izR;kxrizk.k% [kyq Hkxoku~A ---------------- ----------------
5- foijhrkFkZdk% 'kCnk% ys[kuh;k%&

xq.kk% ----------------
Lohdkj% ----------------
nf{k.kgLr% ----------------
vuU;k ----------------
ÑrK% ----------------
6- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu iz;Tq ; okD;kfu jp;r&

xqfydk% & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
oqQBkfjdk & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
f{kize~ & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;Ru% & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
yksosQ & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HkxonTtqde~ 21
20
7- mnkgj.kkuqlkjs.k infuekZ.ka oqQ#r&
ewy'kCnk% opue~ inkfu
;Fkk& f'kfYiu~ izFkek&,dopus f'kYih
/fuu~ f}rh;k&,dopus ---------------------
Kkfuu~ r`rh;k&,dpus ---------------------
egÙokdkaf{ku~ f}rh;k&cgqopus ---------------------
cgqHkkf"ku~ r`rh;k&cgqopus ---------------------
nf.Mu~ f}rh;k&cgqopus ---------------------
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
i;kZ;okfpu% 'kCnk%
liZ% & Hkqtx%] O;ky%] fo"k/j% pØh] vfg%] iouk'ku%] HkksxhA
yksd% & lalkj%] txr~] Hkqoue~] fo'oe~A
'kjhje~ & nsg%] ruq%] xk=ke~] oiq%] dk;%] foxzg%A
Hkw% & /jk] i`Foh] /j.kh] vpyk] vuUrk] /fj=kh] olq/k] olqU/jk] olqerhA
f{kize~ & nzrq e~] 'kh?kze]~ Rofjre~] lRoje~] piye~] rw.kZe]~ vfoyfEcre~A
* izglu :id dk Hksn gS tks gkL;jl iz/ku gksrk gSA HkxonTtqde~ laLÑr ukV~;
lkfgR; dk izfl¼ izglu gSA ;g gekjs ns'k esa rFkk fons'kksa esa Hkh ewy laLÑr
rFkk vU; Hkk"kkvksa esa vuwfnr gks dj fo'o osQ Js"B ukV~;funs'Z kdksa osQ funs'Z ku
esa eap ij vusd ckj [ksyk x;k gSA
bl izglu dk vfHku; osQjy osQ eafnjksa esa izkphu dky ls gh ikjaifjd :i ls
gksrk jgk gSA bldh nk'kZfud o vkè;kfRed O;k[;k Hkh dh tkrh jgh gSA
* jkf"Vª; ukV~; fo|ky; (,u~-,l~-Mh)] fnYyh osQ ikB~;Øe esa ;g LohÑr gSA
* nwjn'kZu /kjkokfgd osQ :i esa (lkr dfM+;ksa es)a Hkh bldk izlkj.k gks pqdk gSA
#fpjk
22 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
prqFkZ% ikB%
lnSo iqjrks fu/sfg pj.ke~

¹Jh/jHkkLdj o.ksd Z j osQ }kjk fojfpr izLrqr xhr esa pqukSfr;ksa dks Lohdkj djrs gq,
vkxs c<+us dk vkàku fd;k x;k gSA blosQ iz.ksrk jk"Vªoknh dfo gSa vkSj bl xhr osQ
}kjk mUgksua s tkxj.k rFkk deZBrk dk lUns'k fn;k gSAº
yksV&~ fof/fyÄ~&iz;ksx%
py py iqjrks fu/sfg pj.ke~A

lnSo iqjrks fu/sfg pj.ke~AA
fxfjf'k[kjs uuq futfuosQrue~A
fouSo ;kua uxkjksg.ke~AA
cya Lodh;a Hkofr lk/ue~A
lnSo iqjrks -----------------------AA
ifFk ik"kk.kk fo"kek% iz[kjk%A
¯gÏk% i'ko% ifjrks ?kksjk%AA
lqn"q dja [kyq ;|fi xeue~A
lnSo iqjrks -----------------------AA
tghfg Hkh¯r Hkt Hkt 'kfDre~A
fo/sfg jk"Vªs rFkk¿uqjfDre~AA
lnSo iqjrks oqQ# oqQ# lrra è;s;&Lej.ke~A
fuèksfg pj.ke~ 23
22
lnSo iqjrks -----------------------AA
'kCnkFkkZ%
iqjrks (iqjr%) & vkxs

fu/sfg & j[kks
fxfjf'k[kjs & ioZr dh pksVh ij
futfudsrue~ & viuk fuokl
fouSo (fouk$,o) & fcuk gh
uxkjksg.ke~ (ux$vkjksg.ke~) & ioZr ij p<+uk
Lodh;e~ & viuk
ifFk & ekxZ esa
ik"kk.kk% & iRFkj
fo"kek% & vlkekU;
iz[kjk% & rh{.k] uqdhys
¯glzk% & ¯gld
ifjrks (ifjr%) & pkjksa vksj
?kksjk% & Hk;Äïj] Hk;kud
lqnq"dje~ & vR;Ur dfBurkiwoZd lkè;
tghfg & NksM+ks@NksM+ nks
Hkt & Hktks] tiks
fo/sfg & djks
vuqjfDre~ & izse] Lusg
lrre~ & yxkrkj
è;s;Lej.ke~ & mís'; (y{;) dk Lej.k
#fpjk
24 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
vH;kl%
1- ikBs nÙka xhra lLoja xk;rA
2- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr&

(d) Lodh;a lk/ua ¯d Hkofr\
([k) ifFk osQ fo"kek% iz[kjk%\
(x) lrra ¯d dj.kh;e~\
(?k) ,rL; xhrL; jpf;rk d%\
(Ä) l% dhn`'k% dfo% eU;rs\
3 e×tw"kkr% fozQ;kinkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
fu/sfg fo/sfg tghfg nsfg Hkt py oqQ#
;Fkk&Roa iqjr% pj.ka fu/sfgA

(d) Roa fo|ky;a -----------------A
([k) jk"Vsª vuqjfDra -----------------A
(x) eg~;a tya -----------------A
(?k) ew<! ----------------- /ukxer`".kke~A
(Ä) ----------------- xksfoUne~A
(p) lrra è;s;Lej.ka ----------------- A
lnSo iqjrks
fuèksfg pj.ke~ 25
24
,o [kyq rFkk ifjr% iqjr% lnk fouk
(d) fo|ky;L; ----------------- ,de~ m|kue~ vfLrA
([k) lR;e~ ----------------- t;rsA
(x) ¯d Hkoku~ Lukua Ñroku~ ----------------- \
(?k) l% ;Fkk fpUr;fr ----------------- vkpjfrA
(Ä) xzkea ----------------- o`{kk% lfUrA
(p) fo|ka ----------------- thoua o`FkkA
(N) ----------------- HkxoUra HktA
iqjr% fojfDr%
Lodh;e~ vkxeue~
Hkhfr% i`"Br%
vuqjfDr% ijdh;e~
xeue~ lkgl%
#fpjk
26 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
6- yV~ydkjinsH;% yksV&~ fof/fyÄ~ydkjinkuka fuekZ.ka oqQ#r&
yV~ydkjs yksV~ydkjs fof/fyÄ~ydkjs
;Fkk&iBfr iBrq iBsr~
[ksyfl --------------- ---------------
[kknfUr --------------- ---------------
fickfe --------------- ---------------
glr% --------------- ---------------
u;ke% --------------- ---------------
7- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu funs'Z kkuqlkja ifjorZ;r&

;Fkk & fxfjf'k[kj (lIreh&,dopus) & fxfjf'k[kjs
ifFku~ (lIreh&,dopus) & ------------------
jk"Vª (prqFkhZ&,dopus) & ------------------
ik"kk.k (lIreh&,dopus) & ------------------
;ku (f}rh;k&cgqopus) & ------------------
'kfDr (izFkek&,dopus) & ------------------
i'kq (lIreh&cgqopus) & ------------------
8- mfprdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~*] vuqfprdFkukuka le{ka û* bfr fy[kr&

;Fkk&iqjr% pj.ka fu/sfgA vke~
(d) futfudsrua fxfjf'k[kjs vfLrA
([k) Lodh;a cya ck/oaQ HkofrA
lnSo iqjrks
fuèksfg pj.ke~ 27
26
(x) ifFk ¯gÏk% i'ko% u lfUrA
(?k) xeua lqdje~ vfLrA
(Ä) lnSo vxzs ,o pyuh;e~A
9- okD;jpu;k vFkZHksna Li"VhoqQ#r&
ifjr% μ iqjr%
ux% μ ukx%
vkjksg.ke~ μ vojksg.ke~
fo"kek% μ lek%
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
u xPNfr bfr ux%A iru~ xPNrhfr iUux%A

mjlk xPNrhfr mjx%A olq /kj;rhfr olq/kA
[ks (vkdk'ks) xPNfr bfr [kx%A ljrhfr liZ%A
MkW- Jh/jHkkLdj o.ksd Z j (1918&2005 bZ-) ukxiqj fo'ofo|ky; esa laLÑr foHkkx
osQ vè;{k FksA mUgksua s laLÑr Hkk"kk esa dkO;] ukVd] xhr bR;kfn fo/kvksa dh vusd
jpuk,¡ dhaA rhu [k.Mksa esa laLÑr&okÄ~e;&dks'k dk Hkh mUgksua s lEiknu fd;kA mudh
jpukvksa esa ^f'kojkT;ksn;e~* egkdkO; ,oa ^foosdkuUnfot;e~* ukVd lqifz l¼ gSAa
izLrqr xhr esa iT>fVdk NUn dk iz;ksx gSA bl NUn osQ izR;sd pj.k esa 16
ek=kk,¡ gksrh gSAa fgUnh esa bls pkSikbZ dgk tkrk gSA
#fpjk
28 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
i×pe% ikB%
/esZ /eua ikis iq.;e~

¹^/esZ /eua ikis iq.;e~* (/je esa /Ddk] iki esa iq.;) eè;izn's k osQ fM.Mksjh f”kys
esa ij/kuksa osQ chp izpfyr yksddFkk gSA ;g dFkk i×prU=k dh 'kSyh esa jfpr gSA
bl dFkk esa ;g Li"V fd;k x;k gS fd ladV esa iM+us ij Hkh prqjkbZ ,oa izR;qRiUUkefrRo
ls mlls fudyk tk ldrk gSAº
½dkjkUr&L=khfyÄõ%
vklhr~ df'pr~ p×pyks uke O;k/%A if{ke`xknhuka xzg.ksu l% Loh;ka thfodka
fuokZ g ;fr LeAA ,dnk l% ous tkya foLrh;Z
x`ge~ vkxroku~A vU;fLeu~ fnols
izkr%dkys ;nk p×py% oua xroku~
rnk l% n`"Voku~ ;r~ rsu foLrkfjrs
tkys nkSH kkZ X ;kn~ ,d% O;k?kz %
c¼% vklhr~A lks¿fpUr;r~] Ô;k?kz%
eka [kkfn";fr vr,o iyk;ua
dj.kh;e~A* O;k?kz% U;osn;r~&^Hkks
ekuo! dY;k.ka Hkorq rsA ;fn Roa
eka ekspf;";fl rfgZ vga ROkka u
gfu";kfeA* rnk l% O;k/% O;k?kza
tkykr~ cfg% fujlkj;r~A O;k?kz%
DykUr% vklhr~A lks¿onr~] ^Hkks
/esZ /eua ikis
iq.;e~ 29
ekuo! fiiklq% vge~A u|k% tyekuh; ee fiiklka 'ke;A
O;k?kz% tya ihRok iqu% O;kèkeonr~] ^'kkUrk es fiiklkA
lkEizra cqHkqf{krks¿fLeA bnkuhe~ vga Roka [kkfn";kfeA*
p×py% mDroku~] ^vga RoRÑrs èkeZe~ vkpfjroku~A
Ro;k feF;k Hkf.kre~A Roa eka [kkfnrqe~ bPNfl\
O;k?kz% vonr~] ^vjs ew[kZ! /esZ /eua ikis iq.;a
Hkofr ,oA i`PN defiA*
p×py% unhtye~ vi` P Nr~ A
unhtye~ vonr~] ^,oeso Hkofr] tuk%
ef; Lukua oqQoZfUr] oL=kkf.k iz{kky;fUr
rFkk p ey&ew=kkfnoaQ fol`T; fuorZUrs]
vr% /esZ /eua ikis iq.;a Hkofr ,oA*
p×py% o`{ke~ mixE; vi`PNr~A
o`{k% vonr~] êkuok% vLekoaQ Nk;k;ka
fojefUrA vLekoaQ iQykfu [kknfUr] iqu%
oqQBkjS% izâR; vLeH;a loZnk d"Va nnfrA
;=k oqQ=kkfi Nsnua oqQoZfUrA /esZ /eua ikis
iq.;a Hkofr ,oA*
lehis ,dk yksef'kdk cnjh&xqYekuka
i`"Bs fuyhuk ,rka okrk± J`.kksfr LeA lk lglk p×pyeqil`R;
dFk;fr&¶dk okrkZ\ eke~ vfi foKki;A¸ l% vonr~&¶vgg ekr`Lol%! voljs
Roa lekxrorhA e;k vL; O;k?kzL; izk.kk% jf{krk%] ije~ ,"k% ekeso [kkfnrqe~
bPNfrA¸ rnuUrja l% yksef'kdk;S fuf[kyka dFkka U;osn;r~A
#fpjk
30 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
yksef'kdk p×pye~ vdFk;r~&ck<e~] Roa tkya izlkj;A iqu% lk O;k?kze~
vonr~&osQu izdkjs.k Roe~ ,rfLeu~ tkys c¼% bfr vga izR;{ka nz"VqfePNkfeA
O;k?kz% rn~ o`ÙkkUra izn'kZf;rqa rfLeu~
tkys iz k fo'kr~ A yks e f'kdk iq u %
vdFk;r~&lEizfr iqu% iqu% owQnZua
ÑRok n'kZ;A l% rFkSo lekpjr~A
vukjra owQnZuus l% JkUr% vHkor~A
tkys c¼% l% O;k?kz % DykUr%
lu~ fu%lgk;ks HkwRok r=k virr~
izk.kfHk{kkfeo p v;kprA yksef'kdk
O;k?kze~ vonr~ ^lR;a Ro;k Hkf.kre~*
/esZ /eua ikis iq.;e~ rq Hkofr ,oA* tkys iqu% ra c¼a n`"V~ok l% O;k/% izlUuks
HkwRok x`ga izR;korZrA
'kCnkFkkZ%
/eue~ & /kSd

a uk] /Ddk] ozQw jrkiw.kZ dk;Z
O;k/% & f'kdkjh] cgsfy;k
Loh;ke~ & Lo;a dh
nkSHkkZX;kr~ & nqHkkZX; ls
c¼% & c¡/k gqvk
iyk;ue~ & iyk;u djuk] Hkkx tkuk
U;osn;r~ (fu$vosn;r~) & fuosnu fd;k
ekspf;";fl & eqDr djksx@s NqMk+ vksxs
/esZ /eua ikis

iq.;e~ 31
fujlkj;r~ (fu%$vlkj;r~) & fudkyk
DykUr% & Fkdk gqvk
fiiklq% & I;klk
'ke; & 'kkUr djks@feVkvks
cqHkqf{kr% & Hkw[kk
Hkf.kre~ & dgk
iz{kky;fUr & /ksrs gSa
fol`T; & NksM+dj
fuorZUrs & pys tkrs gS@a ykSVrs gSa
mixE; & ikl tkdj
fojefUr & foJke djrs gSa
oqQBkjS% & oqQYgkfM+;ksa ls
izâR; & izgkj djosQ
Nsnue~ & dkVuk
yksef'kdk & ykseM+h
fuyhuk & Nqih gqbZ
mil`R; & lehi tkdj
ekr`Lol%! & gs ekSlh
lekxrorh & i/kjh@vkbZ
fuf[kyke~ & lEiw.kZ] iwjh
ck<e~ & Bhd gS] vPNk
#fpjk
32 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
izR;{ke~ & vius (le{k) lkeus
o`ªÙkkUre~ & iwjh dgkuh
izn'kZf;rqe~ & izn'kZu djus osQ fy,
izkfo'kr~ (iz$vfo'kr~) & izo's k fd;k
owQnZue~ & mNy&owQn
vukjre~ & yxkrkj
JkUr% & Fkdk gqvk
izR;korZr (izfr$vk$vorZr) & ykSV vk;k
vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mRrja fy[kr&

(d) O;k/L; uke fde~ vklhr~\
([k) p×py% O;k?kza oqQ=k n`"Voku~\
(x) foLr`rs tkys d% c¼% vklhr~A
(?k) cnjh&xqYekuka i`"Bs dk fuyhuk vklhr~\
(Ä) vukjra owQnZuus d% JkUr% vHkor~\
2- laLÑrsu mÙkjr&
(d) p×pysu ous ¯d Ñre~\
([k) O;k?kzL; fiiklk dFka 'kkUrk vHkor~\
(x) tya ihRok O;k?kz% fde~ vonr~\
(?k) p×py% êkr`Lol%!* bfr dka lEcksf/roku~\
(Ä) tkys iqu% c¼a O;k?kza n`"V~ok O;k/% fde~ vdjksr\~
/esZ /eua ikis

iq.;e~ 33
3- v/ksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu d%@dk oaQ@dka izfr dFk;fr&
d%@dk oaQ@dka
;Fkk & bnkuhe~ vga Roka [kkfn";kfeA O;k?kz% O;k/e~
(d) dY;k.ka Hkorq rsA ------------ ------------
([k) tuk% ef; Lukua oqQoZfUrA ------------ ------------
(x) vjs ew[kZ! /esZ /eua ikis iq.;a Hkofr ,oA ------------ ------------
(?k) ;=k oqQ=kkfi Nsnua oqQoZfUrA ------------ ------------
(Ä) lEizfr iqu% iqu% owQnZua ÑRok n'kZ;A ------------ ------------
4- lfU/a ÑRok fy[kr&
e`x $ vknhuke~ ¾ ----------------------------
rFkk $ ,o ¾ ----------------------------
oqQ=k $ vfi ¾ ----------------------------
cqHkqf{kr% $ vfLe ¾ ----------------------------
izfr $ vk $ vorZr ¾ ----------------------------

;Fkk& ekr` (izFkek) ekrk ekrjkS ekrj%
Lol` (izFkek) ----------- ----------- -----------
ekr` (r`rh;k) ek=kk ekr`H;ke~ ekr`fHk%
Lol` (r`rh;k) ----------- ----------- -----------
Lol` (lIreh) Lolfj LoÏks% Lol`"k`
ekr` (lIreh) ----------- ----------- -----------
#fpjk
34 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
Lol` ("k"Bh) Lolq% LoÏks% Lol.kke~
Ï
ekr` ("k"Bh) ----------- ----------- -----------
6- e×tw"kkr% inkfu fpRok dFkka iwj;r&
n`"V~ok Lodh;S% Ñroku~ drZue~ o`¼%

lk^gkle~ rfgZ {kqnz% ekspf;rqe~ vdLekr~
,dfLeu~ ous ,d% ------------------- O;k?kz% vklhr~A l% ,dnk O;kèksu foLrkfjrs tkys
c¼% vHkor~A l% cgqi;z kla ------------------- fdUrq tkykr~ eqDr%
ukHkor~A ------------------- r=k ,d% ew"kd% lekxPNr~A c¼a O;k?kza

------------------- l% re~ vonr~&vgks! Hkoku~ tkys c¼%A vga
ROkka ------------------- bPNkfeA rPNRqz ok O;k?kz% --------------vonr~&vjs!
Roa {kqn%z tho% ee lgkÕ;a dfj";flA ;fn Roa eka ekspf;";fl

-------------------vga Roka u gfu";kfeA ew"kd% ------------------- y?kqnUrS%
rTtkya ------------------- ÑRok ra O;k?kza cfg% Ñroku~A

7- /kraq izR;;a p fy[kr&
inkfu ¾ /krq% izR;;%
;Fkk& xUrqe~ ¾ xe~ $ rqeuq ~
nz"Vqe~ ¾ -------------- $ -------------
/esZ /eua ikis

iq.;e~ 35
dj.kh; ¾ -------------- $ -------------
ikrqe~ ¾ -------------- $ -------------
[kkfnrqe~ ¾ -------------- $ -------------
ÑRok ¾ -------------- $ -------------
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
ij/ku vkSj mudh dykijEijk&ij/ku eq[;r% xkSMa jktkvksa dh oa'kkoyh vkSj

dFkk osQ xk;d FksA xkSMa jkT; osQ lekIr gksus ij ;s xk;d viuh xk;h tkus okyh
dFkkvksa ij fp=k cukus yxsA bl leqnk; dh dFkkvksa vkSj fp=kdyk osQ ckjs esa vkSj
vf/d tkuus osQ fy, iqLrd ^tux<+ dye* (oU;k izdk'ku] Hkksiky) ns[kh
tk ldrh gSA izLrqr dFkk osQ ladyu&drkZ fgUnh osQ lqifz l¼ ys[kd Jh mn;u
oktis;h gSAa
yksddFkkvksa esa thou dh jax&fcjaxh rLohj feyrh gSA fnypLi ckr ;g gS fd
yksddFkk,¡ fdlh ,d Hkk"kk ;k bykosQ rd lhfer ugha jgrhaA mUgsa dgus okys
txg&txg ?kwers gSa blfy, :i vkSj o.kZu esa gsjisQj osQ lkFk nwljh txgksa esa Hkh
fey tkrh gSAa {ks=k fo'ks"k dh laLÑfr dh >yd mudks vuwBk cukrh gSA LFkku vkSj
dky osQ vuqlkj yksddFkkvksa dh ubZ&ubZ O;k[;k,¡ gksrh jgrh gSAa bl Øe esa muesa
ifjorZu Hkh gksrk gSA
#fpjk
36 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
"k"B% ikB%
izseyL; izseY;k'p dFkk

¹izLrqr dgkuh f'k{kkfon~ fxtq HkkbZ (1885&1939) dh jpuk îseyk iseyh dh
dgkuh* dk vuqokn gSA xqtjkr osQ Hkkouxj osQ fo|ky; esa i<+krs gq, mUgksua s cky
f'k{k.k osQ {ks=k esa vusd iz;ksx fd,A yEck le; xqtj tkus osQ ckotwn muosQ fopkj
izklfÄdõ gaAS bl dgkuh esa ,d efgyk ?kjsyw dkeksa dks iwjk djus dh viuh ikjEifjd
Hkwfedk dks oko~Q pkrq;Z ls cnyus dh dksf'k'k djrh gSAº
milxZ% izR;;Üp
,d% vklhr~ izes y% ,dk pklhr~ izes yhA dk"BPNsnus JkUr% izes y% lk;adkys
x`gekxPNr~] izseyha pkonr~& izsefy! v| [kyq Hk`'ka JkUrks¿fLeA eáa tye~
m".ka ÑRok nsfgA vga LukRok rfLeu~ tys pj.kkS LFkki;kfeA rsu ee JkfUr%
vixfe";frA
izes yh vonr~& rokuqjks/a dFkege~ vLohoqQ;kZe\~ i';] r=k g.Mh mifj LFkkfirkA
rke~ vorkj;A izes y% g.Mheokrkj;r~A rr% l vonr~& v/quk ¯d djksfe\ izes yh
vonr~& fudVs owQi% orZrAs r=k xRok tya Hk`Rok vku;A izes y% ?kVs tya lEiw;Z
vkxPNr~A iqu% izes yhe~ vi`PNr~& bnkuha fde~\
izes yh vonr~& v/quk pqY;ka dk"Bkfu izTToky;A izes y% dk"Bkfu izTTokY;
vi`PNr~& vxsz ¯d djokf.k\ izes yh vdFk;r~& ;kor~ pqYyh lE;o~Q u Toyfr]
rkor~ iwQRoqQ#] fdeU;r~\ izes ysu pqYyh lE;o~Q izTokfyrkA vFk p vi`PNr~& vèkquk
fde~ djokf.k\ izes yh vonr~& ?kVkr~ g.M~;ka tya iwj;A rr% g.Mha pqY;ke~ mifj
LFkki;A
izseyL;
izseY;k'p 37
36
dFkk
izsey% g.Mha pqY;ke~ vLFkki;r~A fdf×pr~ dkykuUrja p iqu% izseyhe~
vi`PNr~& bnkuha ¯d djokf.k\ izseyh vonr~μ fdeU;r~] g.Mhe~ vorkj;A
g.Mheork;Z izes y% i`PNfr& v/quk\ izes yh onfr&v/quk g.Mha Lukux`gs LFkki;A

izes y% g.Mha Lukux`gs fu/k; i`PNfr& v/quk\ izes yh fujfn'kr~&lEizfr Lukua oqQ#A
izes y% LUkkRok vi`PNr~&vèkquk ¯d dj.kh;e~\
izes yh vonr~& bnkuha g.Mha ;FkkLFkkua fu/sfgA izes y% g.Mha laLFkkI; 'kjhja
gLrsu laLi`'; vdFk;r~& vjs] dhn`'ka iq"ifeo 'kjhja y?kq tkre~A ;fn Roa izfrfnua
,oeso tye~ m".ka ÑRok eáa nnkfl rfgZ fd;r~ 'kksHkua HkosrA~ izes yh vonr~& fdega
u bfr dFk;kfe\ ijUrq v=k dL; vkyL;e~\ izes y% vonr~& vkyL;a rq eeSoA
ije~ vxzs vkYkL;a u dfj";kfeA
izes yh vonr~& vLrq! lEizfr vkoka Hkkstua oqQoZ%A
#fpjk
38 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
'kCnkFkkZ%
dk"BPNsnsu & ydfM+;k¡ dkVus ls

[kyq & vo'; gh (vO;;)
LukRok & Luku djosQ
JkfUr% & Fkdku
vixfe";fr & nwj gks tk,xh
vLohoqQ;kZe~ & vLohdkj d:¡
g.Mh & gfM+;k
vokrkj;r~ (vo$vrkj;r~) & mrkj fy;k
Hk`Rok & Hkjdj
pqY;ke~ & pwYgs esa] ij
dk"Bkfu & ydfM+;ksa dks
izTToky; & tykvks
lE;o~Q & vPNh rjg ls
iwQRoqQ# & iw¡Qdks
dkykuUrje~ (dky$vuUrje~) & le; osQ ckn
fu/k; & j[kdj
fujfn'kr~ (fu%$vfn'kr~) & funsZ'k fd;k
laLFkkI; & j[kdj
LkaLi`'; & Nwdj
dhn`'ke~ & oSQlk
y?kq & gYdk
fd;r~ & fdruk
izseyL;
izseY;k'p 39
38
dFkk
vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mÙkjr&
(d) izes y% oQFka JkUr% vklhr~\
([k) izes y% dnk x`ge~ vkxPNr~\
(x) izes y% dkfu izkToky;r~\
(?k) pqYyha izTokyf;rqa izes y% ¯d Ñroku~\
(Ä) izes yh dL; iRuh vklhr~\
2- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq milx± fpRok i`Fko~Q oqQ#r&

;Fkk&vixfe";kfr ¾ vi $ xfe";fr
vorkj; ¾ -------------- $ --------------
izTTokY; ¾ -------------- $ --------------
izgkj% ¾ -------------- $ --------------
ijkt;% ¾ -------------- $ --------------

migkj% ¾ -------------- $ --------------
3- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq mnkgj.kkuqlkjs.k /krqa izR;;a p i`Fko~Q oqQ#r&

inkfu /krq% izR;;%
(d) ;Fkk & xRok ¾ xe~ $ DRok
ÑRok ¾ -------------- $ --------------
Hk`Rok ¾ -------------- $ --------------
LukRok ¾ -------------- $ --------------
#fpjk
40 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
([k) ;Fkk & ifBrqe~ ¾ iB~ $ rqequ~
drqZe~ ¾ -------------- $ --------------
[kkfnrqe~ ¾ -------------- $ --------------
nz"Vqe~ ¾ -------------- $ --------------
inkfu milxZ% /krq% izR;;%

(x) ;Fkk & vkuh; ¾ vk $ uh $ Y;i~
vkxR; ¾ -------------- $ -------------- $ --------------
fu/k; ¾ -------------- $ -------------- $ --------------
vknk; ¾ -------------- $ -------------- $ --------------
laLi`'; ¾ -------------- $ -------------- $ --------------
4- e×tw"kkr% lekukFkZdinkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

fudVs v/quk dFk;fr nnkfl gLrsu laLFkkI; iq"ie~ ruq%
djs.k ¾ --------------
oqQlqee~ ¾ --------------
;PNfl ¾ --------------
LFkkif;Rok ¾ --------------
onfr ¾ --------------
lkEizre~ ¾ --------------
'kjhje~ ¾ --------------
ik'osZ ¾ --------------
izseyL;
izseY;k'p 41
40
dFkk
5- funs'Z kkuqlkja milx± fØ;kina p i`Fko~Q oqQ#r&
;Fkk & izkpyr~ ¾ iz $ vpyr~
fujfn'kr~ ¾ -------------- $ --------------
vkxPNr~ ¾ -------------- $ --------------
vokrkj;r~ ¾ -------------- $ --------------
ijkHkor~ ¾ -------------- $ --------------
izk{kky;r~ ¾ -------------- $ --------------

(d) l% g.Mheokrkj;r~A
([k) l% pqYyheToky;r~A
(x) l% g.Mha Lukux`gs vLFkki;r~A
(?k) l% ?kVs tyeHkjr~A
(Ä) izes y% x`gekxPNr~A
(p) l% tyeq".kedjksrA~
(N) l% HkkstuedjksrA~
(t) l% LukuedjksrA~
7- v/ksfyf[krkuka rn~Hkoinkuka rRleinkfu fpuqr&

dkB & --------------
gk¡Mh & --------------
pwYgk & --------------
owQvk¡ & --------------
iw¡Qduk & --------------
#fpjk
42 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
lIre% ikB%
tyokfguh
¹izLrqr xhr Hkkstiqjh yksdxhr dk vuqokn gSA vuqoknd yC/&izfr"B ,oa
vUrkjkf"Vª;[;kfr&izkIr izk-s jkedj.k 'kekZ gSAa blesa xk¡o dh ikuh Hkjus okyh L=kh dk
fp=k.k fd;k x;k gSA og oqQ,¡ ls ?kM+s esa ty Hkjdj ykrh gSA ty ykrs le; mlosQ
eu esa vkus okys vusdHkkoksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSAº
fo'ks";&fo'ks"k.kiz;ksx%
Hkfj";kE;kgfj";kfe p
lfyyoqQEHka fd;Rdkye~A Hkfj";k--------
'kuS;fZ n ;kfe fpjjk=kk;
foyfi";fr x`gs cky%A
nzrq a ;fn ;kfe olua es
Hkosnknz± lfyyosx%S AA Hkfj";k---------
beku~ uwijq joku~ #u>qu&
e;ku~ vkd.;Z ukxfjdk%A
lq[ka 'kÕ;kef/'k;kuk
bfVfr rs tkxfj";fUrAA Hkfj";k---------
ruq% owQiks egkyEc&

Lrys rL;kfLr ikuh;e~A
Ñ"kUR;k es ?kVa jTTok
tyokfguh djs¿I;kLrs egkLiQksV%AA Hkfj";k--------- 43
42
'kCnkFkkZ%
tyokfguh & ifugkju

Hkfj";kE;kgfj";kfe & Hk:¡xh] ykÅ¡xh
(Hkfj";kfe$vkgfj";kfe)
lfyyoqQEHke~ & ikuh osQ ?kM+s dks
'kuS;Zfn('kuS%$;fn) & ;fn /hjs ls
;kfe & tkrh gw¡
fpjjk=kk; & cgqr le; rd
foyfi";fr & jks,xk@foyki djsxk
nzqre~ & tYnh] 'kh?kz
HkosnknzZe~ & xhyk gks tk,xk
(Hkosr~$vknzZe~)
uwiqjjoku~ & ik;y dh èofu
vkd.;Z & lqu dj
bfVfr & 'kh?kz
egkyEcLrys & ry esa dkiQh xgjk
(egkyEc%$rys)
rL;kfLr & mldk gS
(rL;$vfLr)
Ñ"kUR;k & [khapus ls
jTTok & jLlh ls
djs¿I;kLrs & gkFk esa gksrk gS
(djs$vfi$vkLrs)
egkLiQksV% & iQiQksyk
ruq% & NksVk
#fpjk
44 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
vH;kl%
1- izLrqra xhra lLoja xk;rA
(d) owQi% dhn`'k% vfLr\
([k) egkLiQksV% oqQ=k vkLrs\
(x) cky% oqQ=k foyfi";fr\
(?k) tyokfguh ;fn nzrq a xPNsr~ rfgZ ¯d L;kr~\
3- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq ;Fkkisf{kra l¯U/@foPNsna oqQ#r&
(d) rL; $ vfLr ¾ -------------------
([k) -------------- $ -------------- ¾ vI;kLrs
(x) egkyEc% $ rys ¾ -------------------
(?k) -------------- $ -------------- ¾ Hkfj";kE;kgfj";kfe
(Ä) lq $ mfDr% ¾ -------------------
4- fo'ks"k.kS% lg fo'ks";kf.k ;kst;r&

fo'ks"k.k&inkfu fo'ks";&inkfu
fd;r~ owQi%
xHkhj% olue~
LFkwy% uwiqjjoku~
vknzZe~ dkye~
beku~ foMky%
tyokfguh 45
44
5- lekukFkZdkfu inkfu esy;r&
lfyye~ oqQEHk%
x`ge~ f'k'kqe~
nzqre~ tye~
?kV% 'kh?kze~
ckye~ Hkoue~
6- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka fyÄaõ foHkfDra opua p fy[kr&
;Fkk& jkf=ke~ L=khfyÄõe~ f}rh;k ,dopue~
x`gs ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
lokZu~ ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
jTTok ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
osxS% ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
dksykgyk% ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
rys ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
#fpjk
46 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
7- fp=ka n`"V~ok e×tw"kkr% inkfu p fpRok okD;kfu jp;r&
fpfdRlky;% fpfdRld% #X.kku~ fpfdRlkFkZe~ uxjs ifjpjfr

tuk% vkxPNfUr ifjpkfjdk nnkfr djksfr vkS"k/e~
(d) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
tyokfguh 47
46
8- vUo;a oqQ#r&
(d) nzrq a ;fn ;kfe olua es
Hkosnknz± lfyyosx%S A
([k) Ñ"kUR;k es ?kVa jTTok
djs¿I;kLrs egkLiQksV%A
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
v/ksfyf[kr ewy Hkkstiqjh yksd&xhr dk vuqokn osQ lkFk vH;kl dhft;s&

dr fnu jke Hkjc ge xxjhA dr fnu-
/hjs pyw¡ r ckyd ?kj jksos
>Vdh pyw¡ r Hkhats eksjk pqujhA dr fnu-
#u>qu #u>qu ik;y ckts
ik;y osQ lcn lqfu tkxs lkjh uxjhAA dr fnu-
ikrj oqQb;k¡ irkys esa ikuh
[khafp [khafp xxjh gFksyh iM+s iQiQjhAA dr fnu-
fuEufyf[kr xhr dk vH;kl dj ifBr xhr ls blosQ HkkolkE; dks lef>;s&

iUFkk% fifPNy%
?kVhHkkjs.k iUFkk% fifPNyLRoj;k u pyuh;%A
v;a y?kqy?kqinSe;Zs ks¿uqu;s !s uSo oyuh;%AA
b;a ifÄy ï k ohFkh Hk;Äjï h ro ukfLr ;krO;k]

l`tUrh njelkS efUnjl`freZf; lk¿fi gkrO;k]
vekxZ'pkcySyksd Z ks onfr df'pUu J;.kh;%A
#fpjk
48 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
ins LFkx;fr fojefojesfr dFk;fr n`';efHkrks ;r~]
izrh;r vkfy! ¯d uq onkfu ân;a p×pqja fopyr~]
fu/s;fena o'ks¿oljks u gs;ks¿;a u oj.kh;%A
eufl u`R;Lojks en;fr Nfefr Nwe~ Nwe~ Nuu&Nwfefr]

r`"kk ;k;kprs eq[kjk iz'kferk ukfLe uk¿Hkwfefr]
foe`'k ¯d ¯deo/h;ZeFkks uq d% d'pkuqlj.kh;%A
egkjktnhuik.Ms;%
fifPNy% & fiQlyus okyk p×pqje~ & vR;Ur prqj (vFkok fo'ks"kK)
oyuh;% & bBykdj pyus yk;d ;k;kprs & ckj&ckj ek¡x jgh gS
tyokfguh 49
48
v"Ve% ikB%
lalkjlkxjL; uk;dk%
¹izLrqr ikB vuqie feJ dh Ñfr vkt Hkh [kjs gSa rkykc osQ lalkj lkxj osQ
uk;d uked vè;k; ls fy;k x;k gSA blesa foyqIr gksrs tk jgs ikjEifjd Kku]
dkS'ky ,oa f'kYi osQ /uh xt/j osQ lEcU/ esa ppkZ dh x;h gSA ikuh osQ fy,
ekuo fufeZr rkykc] ckoM+h tSls fuekZ.kksa dks ys[kd us ;gk¡ lalkj lkxj osQ :i
esa fpf=kr fd;k gSAº
osQ vklu~ rs vKkrukeku%\

'kr'k% lgÏ'k% rMkxk% lglSo 'kwU;kr~ u izdVhHkwrk%A bes ,o rMkxk% v=k
lalkjlkxjk% bfrA ,rs"kke~ vk;kstuL; usiF;s
fuekZif;rÏ.kke~ ,dde~] fuekZr Ï.kka p
n'kde~ vklhr~A ,rr~ ,doaQ n'koaQ p
vkgR; 'kroaQ lgÏa ok jp;r% LeA
ija foxrs"kq f}'kro"ks"Z kq uwrui¼R;k lektsu
;fRdf×pr~ ifBre~A ifBrsu rsu lektsu
,doaQ n'koaQ lgÏoQ×p bR;srkfu 'kwU;s
,o ifjofrZrkfuA vL; uwrulektL;
eufl b;efi ftKklk uSo mn~Hkwrk ;n~
vLekRiwoeZ ~ ,rkor% rMkxku~ osQ jp;fUr
LeA ,rkn`'kkfu dk;kZf.k dr±q KkuL; ;ks
#fpjk
50 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
uwru% izfofèk% fodflr%] rsu izfof/uk¿fi iwo± lEikfnre~ ,rRdk;± ekif;raq u
osQukfi iz;frre~A
v| ;s vKkrukeku% orZUrs] iqjk rs cgqifz Fkrk% vklu~A v'ks"ks fg ns'ks rMkxk%
fuehZ;Urs Le] fuekZrkjks¿fi v'ks"ks ns'ks fuolfUr LeA
xt/j% bfr lqUnj% 'kCn% rMkxfuekZr.Ï kka lknja Lej.kkFkZeA~ jktLFkkuL; osQ"kqfpn~
Hkkxs"kq 'kCnks¿;e~ v|kfi izpyfrA d% xt/j%\ ;% xtifjek.ka èkkj;fr l xtèkj%A
xtifjek.ke~ ,o ekiudk;sZ mi;qT;rsA lekts
f=kgLr& ifjek.kkfRedha ykSg;f"Va gLrs x`ghRok
pyUr% xt/jk% bnkuha f'kfYi:is.k uSo
lekn`rk% lfUrA xt/j%] ;% lektL; xkEHkh;±
eki;sr~ bR;fLeu~ :is ifjfpr%A
xt/jk% okLrq d kjk% vklu~ A dkea
xzkeh.klektks Hkorq ukxjlektks ok rL;
uo&fuekZ.kL; lqj{kkizcU/uL; p nkf;Roa
xt/jk% fuHkky;fUr LeA uxjfu;kstukr~
y?kqfuekZ.ki;ZUra lokZf.k dk;kZf.k ,rs"oso
vkèk`rkfu vklu~A rs ;kstuka izLrqUofUr Le]
HkkfoO;;e~ vkdy;fUr Le] midj.kHkkjku~
laxÊ` fUr LeA izfrnkus rs u rn~ ;kpUrs Le ;n~ nkrqa rs"kka Lokfeu% vlEkFkkZ%
Hkos;%q A dk;ZlekIrkS osrukfu vfrfjP; xtèkjsH;% lEekuefi iznh;rs LeA
ue% ,rkn`'ksH;% f'kfYiH;%A
lalkjlkxjL;
51
uk;dk%
'kCnkFkkZ%
lglSo (lglk$,o) & vdLekr~] vpkud

izdVhHkwrk% & izdV gq,] fn[kkbZ fn,
usiF;s & insZ osQ ihNs
rMkxk% & rkykc
fuekZif;rÏ.kke~ & cuokus okyksa dh
fuekZrÏ.kke~ & cukus okyksa dh
,dde~ & bdkbZ
n'kde~ & ngkbZ
'krde~ & lSdM+k
lgÏde~ & gtkj
ftKklk & tkuus dh bPNk
mn~Hkwrk & mRiUu gqbZ] tkx`r gqbZ
vLekRiwoZe~ & blls igys
ekif;rqe~ & ekius@ukius osQ fy;s
iz;frre~ & iz;Ru fd;k
cgqizfFkrk% & cgqr izfl¼
v'ks"ks & lEiw.kZ
fuehZ;Urs Le & cuk, tkrs Fks
#fpjk
52 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
fuekZrkj% & cukus okys
xt/j% & xt (yackbZ] pkSM+kbZ] xgjkbZ] eksVkbZ
ekius dh yksgs dh NM+) dks /kj.k
djus okyk O;fDr
rMkxfuekZrÏ.kke~ & rkykc cukus okyksa osQ
f=kgLrifjek.kkfRedhe~ & rhu gkFk osQ uki dh
ykSg;f"Ve~ & yksgs dh NM+
lekn`rk% & vknj dks izkIr
xkEHkh;Ze~ & xgjkbZ
okLrqdkjk% & Hkou vkfn dk fuekZ.k djus okys
dkee~ & pkgs] Hkys gh
fuHkky;fUr Le & fuHkkrs Fks
vk/`rkfu & vk/kfjr
vkdy;fUr Le & vuqeku djrs Fks
midj.klEHkkjku~ & lk/u lkexzh dks
lax`g~.kfUr Le & laxzg djrs Fks
izfrnkus & cnys esa
;kpUrs Le & ek¡xrs Fks
vfrfjP; & vfrfjDr
lalkjlkxjL;
53
uk;dk%
vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mÙkjr&
(d) dL; jkT;L; Hkkxs"kq xt/j% 'kCn% iz;Tq ;rs\
([k) xtifjek.ka d% /kj;fr\
(x) dk;ZlekIrkS osrukfu vfrfjP; xt/jsH;% ¯d iznh;rs Le\
(?k) osQ f'kfYi:is.k u lekn`rk% HkofUr\
(d) rMkxk% oqQ=k fuehZ;Urs Le\
([k) xt/jk% dfLeu~ :is ifjfprk%\
(x) xt/jk% ¯d oqQoZfUr Le\
(?k) osQ lEekuuh;k%\
3- js[kkfÄrï kfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'u&fuekZ.ka oqQ#r&
(d) lqj{kkizcU/uL; nkf;Roa xt/jk% fuHkky;fUr LeA
([k) rs"kka Lokfeu% vleFkkZ% lfUrA
(x) dk;ZlekIrkS osrukfu vfrfjP; lEekuefi izkIuqofUrA
(?k) xt/j% lqUnj% 'kCn% vfLrA
(Ä) rMkxk% lalkjlkxjk% dF;UrsA
4- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ;Fkkisf{kra l¯U/@foPNsna oqQ#r&
(d) v| $ vfi ¾ ---------------
([k) ---------- $ ---------- ¾ Lej.kkFkZe~
(Xk) bfr $ vfLeu~ ¾ ---------------
(?k) ---------- $ ---------- ¾ ,rs"oso
(Ä) lglk $ ,o ¾ ---------------
#fpjk
54 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
5- e×tw"kkr% leqfprkfu inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
jp;fUr x`ghRok lglk ftKklk lg
(d) Nk=kk% iqLrdkfu -------------------- fo|ky;a xPNfUrA

([k) ekykdkjk% iq"iS% ekyk% --------------------------------A
(x) ee eufl ,dk ------------------------------- orZrAs
(?k) jes'k% fe=kS% ----------------- fo|ky;a xPNfrA
(Ä) ---------------------- ckfydk r=k vglrA
6- infuekZ.ka oqQq #r&

/krq% izR;;% ine~
;Fkk& Ñ $ rqequ~ ¾ drZqe~
â $ rqequ~ ¾ -------------
r` $ rqequ~ ¾ -------------
;Fkk& ue~ $ DRok ¾ uRok
xe~ $ DRok ¾ -------------
R;t~ $ DRok ¾ -------------
Hkqt~ $ DRok ¾ -------------
milxZ% /krq% izR;;% ¾ ine~
;Fkk& mi xe~ Y;i~ ¾ mixE;
le~ iwt~ Y;i~ ¾ -----------------
vk uh Y;i~ ¾ -----------------
iz nk Y;i~ ¾ -----------------
lalkjlkxjL;
55
uk;dk%
7- dks"BosQ"kq nÙks"kq 'kCns"kq leqfprka foHkfDra ;kstf;Rok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& fo|ky;a ifjr% o`{kk% lfUrA (fo|ky;)
(d) -------------------- mHk;r% xzkek% lfUrA (xzke)
([k) -------------------- loZr% v^kfydk% lfUrA (uxj)
(x) f/o~Q --------------------A (dkiq#"k)
;Fkk& e`xk% e`x%S lg /kofUrA (e`x)
(d) ckydk% -------------------- lg iBfUrA (ckfydk)
([k) iq=k -------------------- lg vki.ka xPNfrA (fir`)
(x) f'k'kq% -------------------- lg ØhMfrA (ekr`)
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
vuqie feJ&ty laj{k.k osQ ikjaifjd Kku dks lekt osQ lkeus ykus dk Js; ftu
yksxksa dks gS Jh vuqie feJ (tUe 1948) muesa vxzx.; gSAa ^vkt Hkh [kjs gSa
rkykc* vkSj ^jktLFkku dh jtr cwn¡ *sa ikuh ij mudh cgqi'z kaflr iqLroaQs gSAa
Hkk"kk&foLRkkj%
dkjd
lkekU; :i ls nks izdkj dh foHkfDr;k¡ gksrh gSAa
1- dkjd foHkfDr 2- miin foHkfDrA
dkjd fpg~uksa osQ vk/kj ij tgk¡ inksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gS mls dkjd foHkfDr dgrs
gSAa fdUrq fdUgha fo'ks"k inksa osQ dkj.k tgk¡ dkjd fpÉksa dh mis{kk dj fdlh fo'ks"k
#fpjk
56 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
foHkfDr dk iz;ksx gksrk gS mls miin foHkfDr dgrs gS]a tSl&s
loZr% vfHkr%] ifjr%] f/o~Q vkfn inksa osQ ;ksx esa f}rh;k foHkfDr gksrh gSA
mnk & (d) fo|ky;a ifjr% iq"ikf.k lfUrA
([k) f/o~Q ns'knzkfs g.ke~A
lg] lkde~] lk¼Ze]~ lea osQ ;ksx esa r`rh;k foHkfDr gksrh gSA
mnk & (d) tuosQu lg iq=k% xr%A
([k) nqtuZ us lea l[;e~A
ue%] LofLr] Lokgk] Lo/k osQ ;ksx esa prqFkhZ foHkfDr iz;Dq r gksrh gS&
mnk & (d) ns'kHkDrk; ue%A
([k) ue% ,rkn`'ksH;% f'kfYiH;%A
(x) tusH;% LofLrA
vye~ 'kCn osQ nks vFkZ gS&a i;kZIr ,oa er (okj.k osQ vFkZ es)a A i;kZIr osQ vFkZ esa
prqFkhZ foHkfDr gksrh gS tSl&s ns'knzkfs g.ks vya ns'kj{kdk%A
euk djus osQ vFkZ esa r`rh;k foHkfDr gksrh gS] tSl&s vya fooknsuA
fouk osQ ;ksx esa f}rh;k] r`rh;k ,oa i×peh foHkfDr;k¡ gksrh gSa] tSls&ifjJea@
ifjJes.k@ifjJekr~ fouk u xfr%A
fuEufyf[kr fØ;kvksa osQ ,dopu cukus dk iz;kl djs&a
vkdy;fUr] lax`ÊfUr] izLrqUofUrA
ftKklk&tkuus dh bPNkA blh izdkj osQ vU; 'kCn gS&a fiiklk] ftfXe"kk] foo{kk] cqHkw{kkA
Hkko&foLrkj%
vxj ge è;ku ls ns[ksa rks gekjs pkjksa rjiQ Kku ,oa dkS'ky osQ fofo/ :i fn[kkbZ
nsrs gSAa blesa oqQN Kku vkSj dkS'ky iQyrs&iwQyrs gSa vkSj dbZ fujarj {kh.k gksrs gSAa
lalkjlkxjL;
57
uk;dk%
blosQ dbZ mnkgj.k gekjs lkeus gSAa ikuh dk O;oLFkkiu laj{k.k vkSj [ksrh&ckM+h dk
ikjaifjd rkSj&rjhdk] f'kYi rFkk dkjhxjh dk Kku nqyHZ k vkSj foyqIr gksus osQ dxkj
ij gSA ogha vfHk;kfU=kdh ,oa lapkj ls lacfa /r Kku u, mHkkj ij gSAa njvly fdl
rjg dk Kku vkSj dkS'ky vkxs fodflr vkSj izxfq .kr gksxk vkSj fdl rjg dk Kku
,oa dkS'ky fiNM+xs k] foyqIr gksus osQ fy, foo'k gksxk ;g bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk
gS fd ns'k vkSj lekt fdl rjg osQ Kku ,oa dkS'ky osQ fodkl esa viuk Hkfo";
lqjf{kr ,oa lq[ke; ekurk gSA
ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~
vkus okyh Nqf^;ksa esa vius vkl&ikl osQ {ks=k osQ mu ikjaifjd Kku ,oa dkS'kyksa dk
irk yxk,¡ ftudk LFkku lekt esa vc fujarj ?kV jgk gSA mUgsa dksbZ mfpr izkRs lkgu
ugha fey jgk gS ;k os foyqIr gksus osQ dxkj ij gSAa mudh ,d lwph Hkh rS;kj djsa
vkSj muosQ fy, iz;Dq r gksus okys laLÑr 'kCn fy[ksAa vius vkSj vius fe=kksa }kjk
rS;kj dh xbZ vyx&vyx lwfp;ksa dks lkeus j[krs gq, bu ikjaifjd dkS'kyksa osQ
foyqIr gksus osQ dkj.kksa dk irk yxk,¡A
#fpjk
58 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
uoe% ikB%
lIrHkfxU;%
¹^lIrHkfxuh* ;g ,d miuke gSA mÙkj&iwoZ osQ lkr jkT; fo'ks"k dks mDr mikf/ nh
x;h gSA bu jkT;ksa dk izkÑfrd lkSUn;Z vR;Ur foy{k.k gSA bUgha osQ lkaLÑfrd vkSj
lkekftd oSf'k"V~; dks è;ku esa j[kdj izLrqr ikB dk l`tu fd;k x;k gSAº
izR;;%
vè;kfidk & lqiHz kkre~A
Nk=kk% & lqiHz kkre~A lqiHz kkre~A
vè;kfidk & HkorqA v| ¯d iBuh;e~\
Nk=kk% & o;a losZ Lons'kL; jkT;kuka fo"k;s KkrqfePNke%A
vè;kfidk & 'kksHkue~A onrA vLekoaQ ns'ks dfr jkT;kfu lfUr\
lk;jk & prqfo±'kfr% egksn;s!
flYoh & u fg u fg egkHkkxs! i×p¯o'kfr% jkT;kfu lfUrA
vè;kfidk & vU;% dks¿fi----\
Lojk & (eè;s ,o) egksn;s! es Hkfxuh dFk;fr ;nLekoaQ ns'ks
v"Vk¯o'kfr% jkT;kfu lfUrA ,rnfrfjP; lIr osQUnz'kkflrizn's kk%
vfi lfURkA
vè;kfidk & lE;Xtkukfr rs HkfxuhA Hkorq] vfi tkuhFk ;w;a ;nsr"s kq jkT;s"kq
lIrjkT;kuke~ ,d% leok;ks¿fLr ;% lIrHkfxU;% bfr ukEuk
izfFkrks¿fLrA
lIrHkfxU;% 59
losZ & (lk'p;Ze~ ijLija i';Ur%) lIrHkfxU;%\ lIrHkfxU;%\
fudksyl% & bekfu jkT;kfu lIrHkfxU;% bfr fdeFk± dF;Urs\
vè;kfidk & iz;ksxks¿;a izrhdkRedks orZrAs dnkfpr~ lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd&
ifjn`';kuka lkE;kn~ bekfu mDrksikf/uk izfFkrkfuA
leh{kk & dkSrgw ya es u [kyq 'kkfUra xPNfr] Jko;rq rkon~ ;r~ dkfu
rkfu jkT;kfu\
vè;kfidk & kÜ .` kqr!
v};a e=k;a pSo u&f=k&;qDra rFkk };e~A
lIrjkT;lewgks¿;a HkfxuhlIroaQ eue~AA
bRFka Hkfxuh lIrosQ bekfu jkT;kfu lfUr&v#.kkpyizn's k%] vle%]
ef.kiqje~] fetksje%] es?kky;%] uxkyS.M%] f=kiqjk psfrA ;|fi
{ks=kifjek.kS% bekfu y?kwfu orZUrs rFkkfi xq.kxkSjon`"V~;k c`gÙkjkf.k
izrh;UrsA
losZ & dFke~\ dFke~\
vè;kfidk & bek% lIrHkfxU;% Loh;s izkphusfrgkls izk;% Lok/huk% ,o
n`"Vk%A u osQukfi 'kklosQu bek% Lok;ÙkhÑrk%A vusd&
laLÑfr&fof'k"Vk;ka HkkjrHkwekS ,rklka Hkfxuhuka laLÑfr%
egÙokèkkf;uh bfrA
rUoh & v;a 'kCn% loZiFz kea dnk iz;Dq r%\
vè;kfidk & Jqre/qj'kCnks¿;a loZizFkea foxr'krkCnL; f}lIrfrres o"ksZ
f=kiqjkjkT;L;ksn?~ kkVuØes osQukfi izofrZr%A vfLeUuso dkys ,rs"kka
jkT;kuka iqu% lÄ~?kVua fofgre~A
Lojk & vU;r~ fdefi oSf'k"V~;efLr ,rs"kke~\
#fpjk
60 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
vè;kfidk & uwue~ vfLr ,oA ioZr&o`{k&iq"i&izHk`frfHk% izkÑfrdlEif‰%
lqle`¼kfu lfUr bekfu jkT;kfuA Hkkjro`{ks p iq"i& Lrcdln`'kkfu
fojktUrs ,rkfuA
jktho% & Hkofr! x`gs ;Fkk lokZf/dk jE;k euksjek p Hkfxuh Hkofr rFkSo
Hkkjrx`g¿s fi lokZf/dk% jE;k% bek% lIrHkfxU;% lfUrA
vè;kfidk & euL;kxrk rs b;a Hkkouk ijedY;k.ke;h ija losZ u rFkk
voxPNfUrA vLrq] vfLr rkonsr"s kka fo"k;s fdf×pn~ oSf'k"V~;efi
dFkuh;e~A lkofgreulk kÜ .` kqr&
tutkfrcgqyizn's kks¿;e~A xkjks&[kklh&uxk&fetks&izHk`r;% cgo%
tutkrh;k% v=k fuolfUrA 'kjhjs.k ÅtZfLou% ,rRizknsf'kdk%
cgqHkk"kkfHk% lefUork%] ioZijEijkfHk% ifjiwfjrk%] Loyhyk&
dykfHk'p fu".kkrk% lfUrA
ekyrh & egksn;s! r=k rq oa'ko`{kk vfi izkI;Urs\
vè;kfidk & vke~A izn's ks¿fLeu~ gLrf'kYikuka ckgqY;a orZrAs vk oL=kkHkw"k.ksH;%
x`gfuekZ.ki;ZUra izk;% oa'ko`{kfufeZrkuka oLrwuke~ mi;ksx% fØ;rsA
;rks fg v=k oa'ko`{kk.kka izkpq;± fo|rsA lkEizra oa'kks|ksxks¿;a
vUrkjkf"Vª;[;kfre~ vokIrks¿fLrA
vfHkuo% & Hkfxuhizn's kks¿;a càkd"kZd% Kk;rsA
lyhe% & ¯d Hkze.kk; Hkfxuhizn's kks¿;a lehphu%\
losZ Nk=kk% & (mPpS%) egksn;s! vkxkfefu vodk'ks o;a r=kSo xUrqfePNke%A
Lojk & HkoR;fi vLekfHk% lk¼± pyrqA
vè;kfidk & jksprs es¿;a fopkj%A ,rkfu jkT;kfu rq Hkze.kkFk± LoxZln`'kkfu
bfrA
lIrHkfxU;% 61
'kCnkFkkZ%%
ck<e~ & cgqr vPNk

iBuh;e~ & i<+uk gS
Kkrqe~ & tkuus osQ fy,
dfr & fdrus
prqfo±'kfr% & pkSchl
i×p¯o'kfr% & iphl
Hkfxuh & cgu
v"Vk¯o'kfr% & vBkbZl
osQUnz'kkflrizns'kk% & osQUnz }kjk 'kkflr izns'k
vfrfjP; & vfrfjDr
Hkorq & vPNk
leok;% & lewg
izfFkr% & izfl¼
izrhdkRed% & lkÄsïfrd
(izrhd$vkRed%)
dnkfpr~ & lEHkor%
lkE;kn~ & lekurk osQ dkj.k
mDrksikf/uk & dgh x;h mikf/ ls@osQ dkj.k
(mDr$mikf/uk)
ukfEu & uke esa
la'k;% & lUnsg
#fpjk
62 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
vijr% & nwljh vksj
{ks=kifjek.kS% & {ks=kiQy ls
y?kwfu & NksVs
xq.kxkSjon`"V~;k & xq.k ,oa xkSjo dh n`f"V ls
c`gÙkjkf.k & cM+s
Lok/huk% (Lo$v/huk%) & LorU=k
Lok;ÙkhÑrk% & vius v/hu fd;s x;s
egÙok/kf;uh & egÙo dks j[kus okyh] egÙoiw.kZ
(egÙo$vk/kf;uh)
Jqre/qj'kCn% & lquus esa e/qj 'kCn
izHk`frfHk% & vkfn ls
fofgre~ & fof/iwoZd fd;k x;k
izkÑfrdlEif‰% & izkÑfrd lEinkvksa ls
lqle`¼kfu & cgqr le`¼
Hkkjro`{ks & Hkkjr :ih o`{k esa@ij
iq"iLrcdln`'kkfu & iq"i osQ xqPNs osQ leku
â|k & fiz; (ân; dks fiz; yxus okyh)
euksje
jE;k & je.kh;
lkofgreulk & lko/ku eu ls
ÅtZfLou% & ÅtkZ ;qDr
ioZijEijkfHk% & ioks± dh ijEijk ls
ifjiwfjrk% & iw.kZ] Hkjs&iwjs
lefHkuUnuh;e~ & Lokxr ;ksX;
lIrHkfxU;% 63
lehphu% & cgqr vPNk
LoyhykdykfHk% & viuh fØ;k ,oa dykvksa ls
fu".kkrk% & ikjÄõr] fuiq.k
oa'ko`{kfufeZrkuke~ & ck¡l osQ o`{kksa ls fufeZr
vokIr% & izkIr
càkd"kZd% (cgq$vkd"kZd%) & vR;Ur vkd"kZd@vR;f/d vkd"kZd
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
lqiHz kkre~ egÙok/kf;uh ioZijEijkfHk%
prqfo±'kfr% f}lIrfrres oa'ko`{kfufeZrkuke~
lIrHkfxU;% izkÑfrdLkEif‰% oa'kks|ksxks¿;e~
xq.kxkSjon`"V~;k iq"iLrcdln`'kkfu vUrkjkf"Vª;[;kfre~

(d) vLekoaQ ns'ks dfr jkT;kfu lfUr\
([k) izkphusfrgkls dk% Lok/huk% vklu~\
(x) osQ"kka leok;% ^lIrHkfxU;%* bfr dF;rs\
(?k) vLekoaQ ns'ks dfr osQUnz'kkflrizn's kk% lfUr\
(Ä) lIrHkfxuh&izn's ks d% m|ksx% loZiez [q k%\
3- v/ksfyf[krins"kq izÑfr&izR;;foHkkxa oqQ#r&

inkfu izÑfr% izR;;%
;Fkk&xUrqe~ xe~ $ rqequ~
Kkrqe~ ------------- $ -------------
#fpjk
64 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
xzghrqe~ ------------- $ -------------
ikrqe~ ------------- $ --------------
Jksreq ~ ------------- $ -------------
Hkzferqe~ ------------- $ -------------
4- ikBkr~ fpRok rn~Hkoinkuka Ñrs laLÑrinkfu fy[kr&

rn~Hko&inkfu laLÑr&inkfu
;Fkk&lkr lIr
cfgu --------------
laxBu --------------
ck¡l --------------
vkt --------------
[ksr --------------
5- fHkUuizÑfroaQ ina fpuqr&

(d) xPNfr] iBfr] /kofr] vglr~] ØhMfrA
([k) Nk=k%] lsod%] f'k{kd%] ysf[kdk] ØhMd%A
(x) i=ke~] fe=ke~] iq"ie~] vkez%] u{k=ke~A
(?k) O;k?kz%] HkYywd%] xt%] diksr%] o`"kHk%] ¯lg%A
(Ä) i`fFkoh] olqU/jk] /fj=kh] ;kue~] olq/kA
6- e×tw"kkr% fØ;kinkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
lfUr vfLr izrh;Urs orZrs bPNkfe fuolfUr orZUrs

(d) v;a iz;ksx% izrhdkRed% --------------A
([k) lIr osQUnz'kkflrizn's kk% --------------A
lIrHkfxU;% 65
(x) v=k cgo% tutkrh;k% --------------A
(?k) vga fdefi Jksreq ~ --------------A
(Ä) r=k gLrf'kfYiuka ckgqY;a --------------A
(p) lIrHkfxuhizn's kk% jE;k% â|k p --------------A
(N) xq.kxkSjon`"V~;k bekfu o`gÙkjkf.k --------------A
7- fo'ks";&fo'ks"k.kkuke~ mfpra esyue~ oqQ#r&

fo'ks";&inkfu fo'ks"k.k&inkfu
v;e~ laLÑfr%
laLÑfrfof'k"Vk;ke~ bfrgkls
egÙok/kf;uh izn's k%
izkphus leok;%
,d% HkkjrHkwekS
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
* v};a e=k;a pSo u&f=k&;qDra rFkk };e~A

lIrjkT;lewgks¿;a HkfxuhlIroaQ ere~AA
;g jkT;ksa osQ ukeksa dks ;kn j[kus dk ,d ljy rjhdk gSA bldk vFkZ gS v ls
vkjEHk gksus okys nks] e ls vkjEHk gksus okys rhu] u ls uxkyS.M vkSj f=k ls
f=kiqjk dk cks/ gksrk gSA blh izdkj vBkjg iqjk.kksa osQ uke ;kn j[kus osQ fy;s
;g 'yksd izfl¼ gS&
e};a Hk};a pSo cz=k;a oprq"V;e~A
v&uk&i&¯yx&owQLdkfu iqjk.kkfu izp{krsAA
* ^lIrHkfxuh* bl miuke dk loZiFz ke iz;ksx 1972 esa Jh T;ksfr izlkn lSfd;k
us vkdk'kok.kh osQ lkFk HksVa okrkZ osQ Øe esa fd;k FkkA
#fpjk
66 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
* buosQ vUrxZr vkus okys jkT;ksa dk mYys[k izkphu xzUFkksa esa Hkh izkIr gksrk gS
;Fkk&egkHkkjr] jkek;.k] iqjk.k vkfnA
* bu jkT;ksa dh jkt/kuh Øe'k% bl izdkj gS&
v#.kkpy izn's k & bVkuxj
vle & fnliqj
ef.kiqj & bEiQky
fetksje & ,stksy
es?kky; & f'kykÄõ
uxkyS.M & dksfgek
f=kiqjk & vxjrYyk
* fcgw] ef.kiqjh] ukuØe vkfn bl izn's k osQ ize[q k u`R; gSAa
* uxk] fetks] [kklh] vleh] ckaXyk] ine] cksMks] xkjks] t;fUr;k vkfn ;gk¡ dh
ize[q k Hkk"kk,¡ gSAa
lIrla[;k ij oqQN vU; izpfyr uke gS&a
lIrflU/q &^lIrHkfxuh* osQ leku lIrflU/q Hkh gSAa ;s lIrflU/q gS&a flU/q] 'kqrnq hz
(lryt)] bjkorh (bjkonh)] forLrk (>sye)] foik'kk (O;kl)] vflDuh (fpukc)
vkSj ljLorhA
lIrioZr & egsUnz] ey;] fgeoku~] vcqnZ ] foUè;] lg~;kfnz] Jh'kSyA
lIrf"kZ & ejhfp] iqyLR;] vafxjk] Ørq] vf=k] iqyg] ofl"BA
Ñ".kukFk dh iqLrd v#.kkpy ;k=kk (okXnsoh izdk'ku] chdkusj 2002) iBuh; gSA
ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~
ikB esa fLFkr v};a ----- okyh igsyh ls lkrksa jkT;ksa osQ uke dks le>ksA
lIrHkfxU;% 67
n'ke% ikB%
v'kksdofudk
¹izLrqr ikB vkfndfo okYehfdÑr jkek;.k osQ lqUnjdk.M osQ iUnzgosa lxZ ls laxg` hr
gSA lhrk dh [kkst esa guqeku yÄïk esa izfo"V gksrs gSa rFkk ogha jko.k osQ izfl¼ m|ku
v'kksd&ofudk dh 'kksHkk dk vkg~yknd n'kZu djrs gSAa ;g v'kksdofudk fnO;@vf}rh;
lkSjHk] Lokn] lkSUn;Z ,oa fofo/ o.kks± ls ;qDr oqQlqeks]a yrkvksa o`{kksa vkfn ls lqHkksfHkr
gSA blh dk o.kZu izLrqr ikB esa gSAº
loZuke] rr~] ,rr~&iz;ksx%
loZrqZoqQlqeS jE;S% iQyon~fHk'p ikniS%A
iqf"irkuke'kksdkuka fJ;k lw;ksnZ ;izHkke~ AA1AA
df.kZdkjS% oqQlqferS% ¯d'kqoQS 'p lqifq "irS%A
l ns'k% izHk;k rs"kka iznhIr bo loZr% AA2AA
iqua kxk% lIri.kkZ'p pEidksnn~ kydkLrFkkA
foo`¼ewyk cgo% 'kksHkUrs Le lqifq "irk% AA3AA
uUnua focq/ks|kua fp=ka pS=kjFka ;FkkA
vfro`ÙkfeokfpUR;a fnO;a jE;fJ;ko`re~ AA4AA
loZrZqiq"iSfuZfpra ikniSeZ/qxfU/fHk%A
ukukfuuknS#|kua jE;a e`xx.kf}tS% AA5AA
vusdxU/izoga iq.;xU/a euksgje~A
'kSyUs nzfeo xU/k<~;a f}rh;a xU/eknue~ AA6AA
v'kksdofudk;ka rq rL;ka okujiqxa o%A #fpjk
68 l nn'kkZfonwjLFka pSR;izklknewftZre~ AA7AA r`rh;ks Hkkx%
'kCnkFkkZ%
loZrqZoqQlqeS% (loZ$½rqoqQlqeS%) & lHkh ½rqvksa osQ iwQyksa ls

ikniS% & o`{kksa ls
lw;ksZn;izHkke~ (lw;Z$mn;izHkke~) & lw;ksZn; dh NVk
fJ;k & 'kksHkk ls
df.kZdkjS% & dusj osQ iwQyksa ls
¯d'kqoSQ% & Vslw@iyk'k osQ iwQyksa@isM+ksa ls
izHk;k & NVk ls
iqaukxk & lisQn dey@ukxosQlj uke
dk o`{kA
lIri.kkZ'p% (lIri.kkZ%$p) & vkSj ^lIri.kZ* uke dk ,d
o`{k fNrou
pEidksn~nkydk% & pEik ,oa míkyd uked
(pEid$míkydk%) ikSèkk@iQwy
focq/ks|kue~ (focq/$m|kue~) & nsorkvksa dk m|ku
pS=kjFke~ & oqQcsj osQ m|ku dk uke
uUnue~ & LoxZ dk m|ku
ukukfuuknS% & vusd izdkj dh èofu;ksa ls
e`xx.kf}tS% & i'kqvksa ,oa fpfM+;ksa ls
v'kksdofudk 69
iq.;xU/e~ & ifo=k@'kq¼ xU/ okyk
'kSysUnze~ ('kSy$bUnze~) & igkM+ksa dk jktk (fgeky;)
xU/eknue~ & ^xU/eknu* uke dk ,d igkM+
v'kksdofudk;ke~ & v'kksd ofudk esa
okujiqaxo% & cUnjksa esa Js"B (guqeku)
ÅftZre~ & pdkpkSa/ ls ;qDr
vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu mPpkj;r&

loZroZq Qq lqe%S loZriZq "q iS% df.kZdkjS%
e`xx.kf}tS% iQyof‰'p ikniSe/
Z xq fU/fHk%
lIri.kkZ'p pEidksíkydk% focq/ks|kue~
nn'kkZfonwjLFke~ izklknewftZre~ ¯d'kqoQS 'p
2- ikBkUrxZrku~ lokZu~ 'yksdku~ lLoja xk;rA

3- 'yksoQs "kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) v'kksd ----------------------- rq rL;ka okuj -----------------------A
l nn'kkZfonwjLFka ----------------------------------- izklknewftZre~AA
([k) df.kZdkjS% ¯d'kqoQS 'p -----------------------------------------------------A
l ns'k% ----------------------- rs"kka iznhIr bo -----------------------A
#fpjk
70 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
d [k
uUnua focq/ks|kua iq.;xU/a euksgje~A
vusdxU/izoga iznhIr bo loZr%A
l ns'k% izHk;k rs"kka fp=ka pS=kjFka ;FkkA
iqua kxk% lIri.kkZ'p jE;a e`xx.kf}tS%A
ukukfuuknS#|kua pEidksn~nkydkLrFkkA
5- funs'Z kkuqlkja ^rr~* bfr 'kCn:iS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

fofHkDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
(d) ;Fkk& iqf¡ YyXss izFkek l% ------------- -------------
"k"Bh rL; ------------- -------------
lIreh ------------- ------------- rs"kq
([k) ;Fkk& L=khfyXss "k"Bh ------------- r;ks% -------------

f}rh;k rke~ ------------- -------------
r`rh;k ------------- rkH;ke~ -------------
(x) ;Fkk& uiql

a dfyXss izFkek rr~ ------------- rkfu
f}rh;k ------------- ------------- -------------
prqFkhZ rLeS ------------- -------------

(d) ikBs¿fLeu~ ns'k% bfr 'kCnL; dks¿FkZ%\
([k) osQ"kkf×pr~ i×p iq"ik.kka ukekfu fy[krA
v'kksdofudk 71
(x) okujiqxa o% ¯oQ nn'kZ\
(?k) v=k okujiqÄoõ % d%\
(Ä) m|kue~ oSQ% fuuknS% jE;e~\
7- pØLFkinkfu iz;Tq ; okD;kfu jp;r& bfr

kt! fr
yad cks/;
fLr
Uuks¿
j
lE
izl
;k%
k;
ksè;k
ksfr
Hkjr
gfUr a dj
v;
oUnu
"k.ka r
foHkh guqef
jko.
jke%
ka fi=kk
s%
lhrk
lqxzh
lg
fl¼
y {e
oua
os.k
xPN kJe
a xP
.kkH;
fr
Nfr
ka
ikn
eS=kha
qosQ
iz;
LFkki
PNf
;fr
r
;Fkk&jke% lhrky{e.kkH;ka lg oua xPNfrA

(d) jke% -----------------------------------------A
([k) ----------------------------------------- A
(x) ----------------------------------------- A
(?k) ----------------------------------------- A
(Ä) ----------------------------------------- A
(p) ----------------------------------------- A
(N) ----------------------------------------- A
#fpjk
72 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
,rke~ ,"kk ,rs ,rkfu ,"k% ,rk%
;Fkk&vè;;us ,"k% cky% vf}rh;% vfLrA
(d) ------------ ckyk fo|ky;kr~ x`ga xPNfrA
([k) m|kus ------------ iq"ikf.k fodflrkfu lfUrA
(x) firk ------------ ys[kuha eáe~ vki.kkr~ vku;r~A
(?k) vge~ ------------ iQys rqH;a nnkkfeA
(Ä) ------------ ckfydk% e/qjkf.k xhrkfu xk;fUrA
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
xzUFk ifjp;&^jkek;.k* osQoy ykSfdd laLÑr dk gh ugha vfirq fo'o dk vkfn

dkO; gSA ^jkek;.ke~ vkfndkO;e~ loZons kFkZlEere~A* blesa lkr dk.M gSa rFkk ;g
pkSchl gtkj 'yksdksa ls ;qDr gSA ^prqfo±'k lglzkf.k 'yksdkukeqDroku`f"k%A*
* jkek;.k dk lcls vPNk dk.M lqUnjdk.M ekuk tkrk gSA dbZ izn's kksa esa bl
dk.M osQ fu;fer ikB dh ijEijk gSA lqUnjdk.M osQ fo"k; esa ,d yksd
izpfyr dFku izkIr gksrk gS] tks bl izdkj gS&
lqUnjs lqUnjks jke% lqUnjs lqUnjh dFkkA
lqUnjs lqUnjh lhrk lqUnjs ¯d u lqUnje~A
* v'kksd&ofudk n'kkuu jko.k dk m|ku Fkk ftlesa vigj.k osQ ckn lhrk dks
fNik dj j[kk x;k FkkA
ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~
Hkkjro"kZ osQ oqQN izfl¼ ckxksa vFkok m|kuksa dh lwph cuk,¡] ;Fkk&'kkyhekj ,oa
fu'kkrA
v'kksdofudk 73
,dkn'k% ikB%
lkfo=kh ckbZ iqQys

¹f'k{kk gekjk vf/dkj gSA gekjs lekt eas dbZ leqnk; blls yEcs le; rd of×pr
jgs gSAa mUgsa bl vf/dkj dks ikus osQ fy, yEck la?k"kZ djuk iM+k gSA yM+fd;ksa dks
rks vkSj T;knk vojks/ >syuk iM+rk jgk gSA izLrqr ikB bl la?k"kZ dk usrR` o djus
okyh lkfo=kh ckbZ iqQys osQ ;ksxnku ij osQfUnzr gSAº
mifj fufeZra fp=ka i';rA bna fp=ka dL;kf'pr~ ikB'kkyk;k% orZrAs b;a lkekU;k
ikB'kkyk ukfLrA b;efLr egkjk"VªL; izFkek dU;kikB'kkykA ,dk f'kf{kdk x`gkr~
iqLrdkfu vknk; pyfrA ekxsZ df'pr~ rL;k% mifj /wfya df'pr~ p izLrj[k.Mku~
f{kifrA ija lk Lon`<fu'p;kr~ u fopyfrA Lofo|ky;s dU;kfHk% lfouksne~ vkyiUrh
lk vè;kius layXuk HkofrA rL;k% Lodh;e~ vè;;uefi lgSo izpyfrA osQ;a
#fpjk
74 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
efgyk\ vfi ;w;feeka efgyka tkuhFk\ b;eso egkjk"VªL; izFkek efgyk f'kf{kdk
lkfo=kh ckbZ iqQys ukeèks;kA
tuojh eklL; r`rh;s fnols 1831 res f[kzLrkCns
egkjk"VªL; uk;xkao&ukfEu LFkkus lkfo=kh vtk;rA
rL;k% ekrk y{ehckbZ firk p [kaMksth bfr vfHkfgrkSA
uoo"kZn's kh;k lk T;ksfrck iqQys egksn;su ifj.khrkA
lks¿fi rnkuha =k;ksn'ko"kZdYi% ,o vklhr~A ;rksfg
l% L=khf'k{kk;k% izcy% leFkZd% vklhr~ vr%
lkfo=;k% eufl fLFkrk vè;;ukfHkyk"kk mRla izkIrorhA
br% ija lk lkxzge~ vkÄ~XyHkk"kk;k vfi vè;;ua
ÑrorhA
1848 res f[kz L rkCns iq . ks uxjs lkfo=kh
T;ksfrckegksn;su lg dU;kuka o`Qrs izn's kL; izFkea fo|ky;e~ vkjHkrA rnkuha lk
osQoya lIrn'ko"khZ;k vklhr~A 1851 res f[kzLrkCns vLi`';Rokr~ frjLÑrL; leqnk;L;
ckfydkuka o`Qrs i`Fko~Qr;k r;k vij% fo|ky;% izkjC/%A
lkekftdoqQjhrhuka lkfo=kh eq[kja fojks/e~ vdjksrA~ fo/okuka f'kjkse.q MuL;
fujkdj.kk; lk lk{kkr~ ukfirS% fefyrkA iQyr% osQpu ukfirk% vL;ka :<kS lgHkkfxrke~
vR;tu~A ,dnk lkfo=;k ekxsZ n`"Va ;r~ owQia fud"kk 'kh.kZoL=kko`rk% rFkkdfFkrk%
fuEutkrh;k% dkf'pr~ uk;Z% tya ikrqa ;kpUrs LeA mPpoxhZ;k% migkla oqQoZUr%
owQikr~ tyksn/~ j.ka vokj;u~A lkfo=kh ,rr~ viekua lks<aq uk'kDuksrA~ lk rk% fL=k;%
futx`ga uhrorhA rMkxa n'kZf;Rok vdFk;r~ p ;r~ ;Fks"Va tya u;rA lkoZtfudks¿;a
rMkx%A vLekr~ tyxzg.ks ukfLr tkfrcUèkue~A r;k euq";k.kka lekurk;k% LorU=krk;k'p
i{k% loZnk loZFkk lefFkZr%A
êfgyk lsoke.My* ^f'k'kqgR;k izfrcU/d x`g* bR;knhuka laLFkkuka LFkkiuk;ka
iqQysnEiR;ks% vonkue~ egRoiw.kZeA~ lR;'kks/de.MyL; xfrfofèk"kq vfi lkfo=kh
lkfo=kh
75
ckbZ iqQys
vrho lfØ;k vklhr~A vL; e.MyL; mís';e~ vklhr~ mRihfMrkuka leqnk;kuka
Lokf/dkjku~ izfr tkxj.ke~ bfrA
lkfo=kh vusdk% laLFkk% iz'kkludkS'kysu l×pkfyrorhA nqfHkZ{kdkys Iysx&dkys
p lk ihfMrtukuke~ vJkUre~ vfojra p lsoke~ vdjksrA~ lgk;rk& lkexzh&O;oLFkk;S
loZFkk iz;kle~ vdjksrA~ egkjksxizlkjdkys lsokjrk lk Lo;e~ vlkè;jksx.s k xzLrk 1897
res f[kzLrkCns fu/ua xrkA
lkfgR;jpu;k vfi lkfo=kh egh;rsA rL;k% dkO;lÄïyu};a orZrs ^dkO;iqQys*
^lqcksèkjRukdj* psfrA Hkkjrns'ks efgyksRFkkuL; xgukocks/k; lkfo=khegksn;k;k%
thoupfjre~ vo';e~ vè;srO;e~A
'kCnkFkkZ%
vknk; & ysdj

izLrj[k.Mku~ & iRFkj osQ VqdM+kas dks
lfouksne~ & g¡lh etkd osQ lkFk
vkyiUrh & ckr djrh gqbZ
vtk;r & iSnk gqbZ
vfHkfgrkS & dgs x;s gSa
ifj.khrk & C;kgh x;h
vLi`';r;k & NqvkNwr osQ dkj.k
izkjC/% & vkjEHk fd;k
izrkMu'khykuke~ & izrkfM+r djusokyh
#fpjk
76 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
fujkdj.kk; & nwj djus osQ fy,
:<kS & :f<+ es]a fjokt esa
'kh.kZ & iQVk&iqjkuk] fpFkM+k
ikrqe~ & ihus osQ fy,
lks<eq ~ & lgus esa
mRihfMrkuke~ & lrk, x, dk
vJkUre~ & fcuk FkosQ gq,
egh;rs & c<+&p<+dj gSa
i|c¼e~ & dfork osQ :i esa
xgukocks/k; & xgjkbZ ls le>us osQ fy,
(xgu$vocks/k;)
vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) egkjk"VªL; izFkek efgyk f'kf{kdk dk vklhr~\
([k) dL; leqnk;L; ckfydkuka Ñrs lkfo=kh vija fo|ky;a izkjC/orh\
(x) dhn`'khuka oqQjhrhuka lkfo=kh fojks/e~ vdjksrA~
(?k) fdeFk± 'kh.kZoL=kko`rk% uk;Z% owQikr~ tya xzghraq okfjrk%\
(Ä) lkfo=;k% e`R;q% dFke~ vHkor~\
(p) rL;k% };ks% dkO;lÄïyu;ks% ukeuh osQ\
lkfo=kh
77
ckbZ iqQys
Lodh;e~ & -----------------------------------------------------------------------
lfouksne~ & -----------------------------------------------------------------------
lfØ;k & -----------------------------------------------------------------------
izns'kL; & -----------------------------------------------------------------------
eq[kje~ & -----------------------------------------------------------------------
loZFkk & -----------------------------------------------------------------------
3- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka foykseinkfu fy[kr&
mifj ----------------------
vknkue~ ----------------------
ijdh;e~ ----------------------
fo"kerk ----------------------
O;fDrxre~ ----------------------
vkjksg% ----------------------
4- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka fyÄ]aõ foHkfDra] opua p fy[kr&
/wfye~ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
ukfEu ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
vij% ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
dU;kuke~ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
lgHkkfxrke~ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
ukfirS% ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
#fpjk
78 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
5- mnkgj.keuqlR` ; ydkjifjorZua oqQ#r&
orZekudky% vrhrdky%
;Fkk & lk f'kf{kdk vfLrA lk f'kf{kdk vklhr~A
(d) lk vè;kius layXuk HkofrA
([k) l% =k;ksn'ko"kZdYi% vfLrA
(x) efgyk% rMkxkr~ tya u;fUrA
(?k) o;a izfrfnua ikBa iBke%A
(Ä) ;w;a ¯d fo|ky;a xPNFk\
(p) rs ckydk% fo|ky;kr~ x`ga xPNfUrA
lkfo=kh
79
ckbZ iqQys
}kn'k% ikB%
d% j{kfr d% jf{kr%
¹izLrqr ikB i;kZoj.k ij osQfUnzr gSA gekjs thou esa IykfLVd dk bl lhek rd izo's k
gks pqdk gS fd ge blosQ fcuk nSfud thou pykus dh dYiuk Hkh ugha dj ikrs
tcfd IykfLVd i;kZoj.k osQ fy, ?kkrd gSA IykfLVd osQ c<+rs gq, mi;ksx ij
iz'ufpÉ yxkrs gq, bl ikB esa i;kZoj.k rFkk izn"w k.k dh leL;k osQ izfr laons u'khy
le> fodflr djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSAº
(dk'pu Ckkfydk% Hkze.kk; fuxZrk% ijLijekyifUr)
fji×ph & ijfeUnj~! ijfeUnj~! ,fg vkxPN] mioua izfo'kke%A
ijfeUnj~ & vjs! miouL; }kjs ,o IykfLVdL;wrdkfu f{kIrkfu brLrr%
fodh.kkZfuA
#fpjk
80 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
dpukj~ & tuk% izekna oqQoZfUrA IykfLVdiqVosQ"kq [kk|oLrwfu x`ghRok Hk{k;fUr]
ija rkfu iqVdkfu ekxsZ ;=k oqQ=kkfi f{kifUrA
jkstfyu~ & egrh b;a leL;kA vfi izfo'kke%\
fji×ph & vLrq izfo'kke%A
(lokZ% mious izfo'kfUrA)
dpukj~ & oqQ=k mifo'kke%\
fji×ph & vfLeu~ dk"BihBs mifo'kke%A
(lokZ% mifo'kfUr)
fji×ph & vfi i';Fk] o;a ;=kksifo"Vk% r=k dkfu oLrwfu lfUr\
ijfeUnj~ & vke~A vke~A cgwfu oLrwfu ifjrks fodh.kkZfuA
dpukj~ & ;Fkk L;wr%] tyowQih] oQUnqde~ bR;knhfuA
d% j{kfr
d% jf{kr% 81
jkstfyu~ & gyk] vkRekuefi i';A
psuEek & vke~A vke~A i';kfe ,oA ee lfo/s dÄrï e~] oqQ.Mye~]
osQ'kcUèk%] ?kfVif^dk] dÄ.ï ke~ bR;knhfu lokZf.k fojktUrsA
fdefl oDrqdkek\
fji×ph & bna è;krO;a ;n~ ,rkfu lokZf.k oLrwfu izk;% IykfLVosQu fufeZrkfu
lfUrA
dpukj~ & iwo± rq izk;% dkikZlus ] peZ.kk] ykSgus ] yk{k;k] e`fÙkd;k dk"Bsu
ok fufeZrkfu oLrwfu ,o izkI;Urs LeA v/quk rr~ LFkkus
IykfLVoQ&fufeZrkfu oLrwfu ifjr% fodh.kkZfu lfUrA ,rkfu
vYiewY;kfu vfi lfUrA
psuEek & vgks! dyeLrq foLe`r%A dks¿fi ,rr~ vuqekrqa 'kDuksfr ;r~
,dfLeu~ dyes dfr efl;"V;% iz;Tq ;UrsA
ijfeUnj~ & vuqeh;rs ;r~ izR;soQa Nk=kk izfrlIrkga Lodyes ,dka efl;f"Va
iwj;frA rkRi;Ze~ bnefLr ;r~ ,dfLeUuso o"ksZ U;wukUU;wua izk;%
i×pk'kr~ efl;"V;% r;k iz;Dq rk% HkofUrA
psuEek & ija ¯d o;e~ ,dfLeu~ o"ksZ ,dL;So dyeL; iz;ksxa oqQeZ%\
lkewfgdLoj% & ufg ufgA o"ksZ rq izk;'k% cgo% dyek% foyqI;UrsA
fji×ph & ,dk Nk=kk f=k"kq ekls"kq ,oaQ dyea Øh.kkfrA vFkkZr~ ,dfLeu~
o"ksZ prqj% dyeku~ Øh.kkfrA
jkstfyu~ & vija p dyesu lg efl;f"V% vfi IykfLVdkoj.ks lekos';rsA
rfgZ vkgR; izfro"kZe~ ,dk Nk=kk izk;% i×pk'kUefl;"Vhuka prqfHZk%
dyeS% prq%i×pk'kf‰% vkoj.kS% iz;ksxa djksfrA
#fpjk
82 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
dpukj~ & Hkorq] cgq/k iz;Dq rL; IykfLVdL; nwjxkfeu% ?kkrdk% ifj.kkek%
o;a u nz"Vqa 'kDuqe%A IykfLVoaQ dnkfi u xyfr] u p vi{kh;rsA
;Fkk&vU;kfu oLrwfu fou'; e`fÙkdk;ka foyh;UrsA
psuEek & IykfLVdL; e`fÙkdk;ka y;kHkkokr~ vLekoaQ i;kZoj.kL; Ñrs egrh
{kfr% HkofrA
fji×ph & ,osQu inkFksuZ vij% inkFkZ% l`T;rs] vFkok fou"Va oLrq e`fÙkdk;ka
feyfrA ija IykfLVosQ b;a izfØ;k vlEHkok ,oA
ijfeUnj~ & dYi;rq] ;fn 'kra o"kkZf.k ;kor~ IykfLVd&fufeZrkuka inkFkkZuka
fuekZ.kizfØ;k i`fFkO;ka izpfy";fr rfgZ fda L;kr~\ (lokZ% l[ksna
foe`'kfUrA)
jkstfyu~ & v=k fo"kknsu fde~\ loZiFz kea rq f'k{kdk.kka lg;ksxus IykfLVdL;
fofo/i{kk% fopkj.kh;k%A vLekoaQ iz;klks¿fi i;kZoj.kL; j{k.ks
visf{kr%A
'kCnkFkkZ%
dk'pu & oqQN

ppZ;fUr & ppkZ djrs gSa
iqVosQ"kq & NksVh FkSyh (ikmp)
L;wr% & FkSyk@FkSyh
tyowQih & ikuh dh cksry
gyk & l[kh osQ fy, lEcks/u
d% j{kfr
d% jf{kr% 83
dÄïre~ & oaQ?kk@oaQ?kh
dÄï.ke~ & oaQxu
dkikZlus & dikl ls
yk{k;k & yk[k ls
e`fÙkd;k & fe^h ls
fodh.kkZfu & fc[kjh gqb@Z iSQyh gqbZ
izekne~ & vkyL;
dk"BihBs & ydM+h dh cSp
a ij
vkgR; & oqQy feykdj
efl;"V~;k & fjfiQy ls
U;wukUU;wue~ (U;wukr~$U;wue~) & de ls de
izk;'k% & izk;%] yxHkx
foyqI;Urs & yqIr gks tkrs gSa
vi{kh;rs & u"V gks tkrk gS
foyh;Urs & foyhu gks tkrs gSa
y;kHkkokr~ (y;$vHkkokr~) & yhu@u"V u gksus osQ dkj.k
l`T;rs & fufeZr fd;k tkrk gS
dYi;rq & dYiuk dhft,
foe`'kfUr & fopkj djrs gSa
#fpjk
84 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#rμ
i×pk'kr~ "kf"V% lIrfr% v'khfr% uofr%
f=ki×pk'kr~ }k"kf"V% prqLlIrfr% }Ô'khfr% f=kuofr%
i×pi×pk'kr~ prq""kf"V% i×plIrfr% prqj'khfr% i×puofr%
lIri×pk'kr~ i×p"kf"V% lIrlIrfr% i×pk'khfr% "k..kofr%
v"Vki×pk'kr~ uo"kf"V% v"VklIrfr% uok'khfr% 'kre~
2- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq iz;Dq rka foHkfDra opua p fy[krμ
;Fkk& Hkze.kk; prqFkhZ ,dopue~
oLrwfu ---------------- ----------------
IykfLVosQu ---------------- ----------------
fodh.kkZfu ---------------- ----------------
efl;"V~;k ---------------- ----------------
L;wrosQ"kq ---------------- ----------------
dk"BihBs ---------------- ----------------
i`fFkO;ke~ ---------------- ----------------
3- ,dinsu mÙkjrμ
(d) efl;"Vh&tyowQih&izHk`frfu oLrwfu osQu inkFksuZ fufeZrkfu\
([k) miouL; }kjs dkfu f{kIrkfu lfUr\
(x) e`fÙkdk;ka ¯d oLrq u dnkfi fou';fr\
(?k) vLekoaQ iz;kl% dL; j{k.ks visf{kr%\
d% j{kfr
d% jf{kr% 85
4- iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k fy[krμ
(d) psuEek;k% lfo/s dkfu oLrwfu vklu~\
([k) iwo± izk;% osQu inkFksuZ fufeZrkfu oLrwfu izkI;Urs Le\
(x) dkfu dkfu oLrwfu i;kZoj.ka nw"k;fUr\
(?k) IykfLVdL; e`fÙkdk;ka y;kHkkokr~ ¯d Hkofr\
5- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka ydkja iq#"ka opu×p fy[kr&
inkfu /krq% ydkj% iq#"k% opue~
;Fkk& lfUr vl~ yV~ydkj% izFkeiq#"k% cgqopue~
oqQeZ% ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Øh.kkfr ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
i'; ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
vkxPN ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
izpfy";fr ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
6- e×tw"kkr% vÄkï uka Ñrs inkfu fpuqr&

prq%i×pk'kr~ lIr"kf"V% }klIrfr% "kM'khfr%
puquoZ fr% lIruofr% i×plIrfr% v"Vkuofr%
67 --------------------- 86 ---------------------
98 --------------------- 97 ---------------------
54 --------------------- 72 ---------------------
94 --------------------- 75 ---------------------
#fpjk
86 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
laLÑr esa vdkjkUr L=khfyÄõ 'kCn osQ :i izkIr ugha gksrs gSAa ysfdu yM+fd;ksa osQ
vdkjkUr uke gksrs gSAa buosQ mnkgj.k gS&a ijfeUnj] jkstfyu] dpukj vkfnA ;gk¡ iz'u
mBrk gS fd fdl :i esa bu ukeksa dks laLÑr esa fy[kk tk,A blfy;s bl ikB esa
O;×tukUr (ijfeUnj~) :i esa j[kk x;k gSA laLÑr esa bUgsa O;×tukUr (ijfeUnj~]
jkstfyu~] dpukj~) ekudj :i pyk;s tkus pkfg,A
ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~
pfy,] vkxkeh vodk'k esa ,d vH;kl djrs gSAa lqcg txus ls ysdj jkr lksus osQ
le; rd cktkj ls vkusokyh vkSj izfrfnu dke esa vkus okyh oLrqvksa dks è;kuiwod Z
ns[ksa vkSj budh ,d lwph cuk,¡A muosQ fy, laLÑr esa D;k iz;ksx gksrk gS ;g tkuus
dk iz;kl djsAa lwph esa gj oLrq osQ uke osQ vkxs ;g fy[ksa fd og fdl ph”k dh
cuh gSA blesa IykfLVd dh cuh gqbZ ph”kksa dks Nk¡Vdj ,d txg fy[ksa vkSj ;g
vkdyu djus dk iz;Ru djsa fd izfrfnu ge fdruh ek=kk esa IykfLVd dk mi;ksx
djrs gSAa
laLÑr esa okD; esa igys ^vfi* yxkus ls okD; iz'u okpd gks tkrk gSA
tSl&s vfi izfo'kke%\ D;k ge Hkhrj pys\a
/krq&la;Dq r rqeuq ~ izR;; osQ vuqLokj dk yksi djosQ mlosQ vkxs dkek@dke%
tksMu+ s ls veqd dk;Z djuk pkgus okyh@pkgus okyk&;g eqgkojsnkj iz;ksx gksrk gSA
tSl&s xUrqdkek] oDrqdkek] dÙkZd q ke% bR;kfnA bl izfØ;k osQ vk/kj ij uhps fy[ks
okD;ksa dk laLÑr esa vuqokn djs&a
(d) jke D;k dguk pkgrk gS\
([k) fØLrhuk dgk¡ tkuk pkgrh gS\
(x) og djuk D;k pkgrk gS\
d% j{kfr
d% jf{kr% 87
=k;ksn'k% ikB%
fgeky;%
¹izLrqr ikB egkdfo dkfynkl iz.khr ôqQekjlEHkoe~* uked egkdkO; osQ izFke lxZ
ls laxg` hr gSA bu i|ksa esa fgeky; dh izkÑfrd lq"kek dk o.kZu gSAº
lfU/%
vLR;qÙkjL;ka fnf'k nsorkRek fgeky;ks uke uxkf/jkt%A

iwokZijkS rks;fu/h oxkg~; fLFkr% i`fFkO;k bo ekun.M% AA1AA
vuUrjRuizHkoL; ;L; fgea u lkSHkkX;foyksfi tkre~A

,dks fg nks"kks xq.klfUuikrs fueTtrhUnks% fdj.ksf"ookÄ%ï AA2AA
vkes[kya l×pjrka ?kukuka Nk;ke/% lkuqxrka fu"ksO;A

m}sftrk o`f"VfHkjkJ;Urs 'k`Äõkf.k ;L;kriofUr fl¼k% AA3AA
diksyd.Mw% dfjfHkfoZusrqa fo?kf^rkuka ljynzqek.kke~A

;=k Ïqr{khjr;k izlwr% lkuwfu xU/% lqjHkhdjksfr AA4AA
fnokdjknz{kfr ;ks xqgklq yhua fnokHkhrfeokU/dkje~A

{kqnzs¿fi uwua 'kj.ka iziUus eeRoeqPpS%f'kjlka lrho AA5AA
#fpjk
88 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
'kCnkFkkZ%
uxkf/jkt% (ux$vf/jkt%) & ioZrjkt

iwokZijkS (iwo$Z vijkS) & iwoZ vkSj if'pe esa fLFkr (nksuks)a
rks;fu/h & nksuksa leqnkz as dks
oxkg~; & izfo"V gksdj] /¡l dj
ekun.M% & ekid] iSekuk] ukius osQ fy, iz;Dq r
midj.k
izHkoL; & mRiUu djus okys dk
lkSHkkX;foyksfi & lkSUn;Z] efgek] cM+Iiu dks yqIr
djus okyk
lfUuikrs & bdV~Bk gksus ij
fueTtfr & foyhu gks tkrk gS] ux.; gksrk gS
vÄï% & dyad] /Cck
vkes[kye~ & eè; Hkkx rd
l×pjrke~ & fopj.k djrs gq,
lkuqxrke~ & pksfV;ksa ij x;h gqbZ
fu"ksO; & lsou djosQ] lq[k ikdj
m}sftrk & ?kcjk, gq,] ijs'kku
vkJ;Urs & vkJ; ysrs gSa
vkriofUr & /wi ls ;qDr ij
diksyd.Mw% & duiVh dh [kqtyh
fgeky;% 89
dfjfHk% & gkfFk;ksa osQ }kjk
fousreq ~ & nwj djus osQ fy,
fo?kf^rkuke~ & jxM+s gqvksa dk
ljynzeq k.kke~ & nsonk# osQ o`{kkas dk
lzrq {khjr;k & nw/ fudyus ls
izlrw % & mRiUu
lkuwfu & ioZr dh pksfV;k¡
lqjHkhdjksfr & lqxfU/r dj nsrk gS
xqgklq & xqiQkvksa esa
yhue~ & fNis gq,
fnokHkhre~ & fnu ls Mjs gq,] mYyw
{kqn¿sz fi ({kqn$sz vfi) & v/e ;k uhp dks Hkh
'kj.ka iziUus & 'kj.k esa vk;s gq,
eeRoe~ & viukiu
lrho (lfr$bo) & ekuksa gksus ij
vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ ,dinsu mÙkjkf.k fy[krµ
(d) i`fFkO;k% ekun.M% d%\
([k) fgeky;% HkkjrL; dL;ka fnf'k orZr\s
(x) bUnks% fdj.ks"kq d% fueTtfr\
(?k) oqQekjlEHkoegkdkO;L; jpf;rk d%\
(Ä) fgeky;% xqgklq oaQ j{kfr\
#fpjk
90 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
2- v/ksj[s kkfÄïrHs ;% insH;% iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#rµ
(d) fgeky;% mÙkjL;ka fnf'k orZrAs
([k) i`fFkO;k% ekun.M% fgeky;% vfLrA
(x) oqQekjlEHkoegkdkO;a dkfynklsu fojfpre~A
(?k) vfLeu~ ikBs dfo% fgeky;L; o.kZua djksfrA
3- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq lfU/foPNsna oqQ#rµ
vLR;qÙkjL;ke~ ¾ ------------------------ $ ------------------------
uxkf/jkt% ¾ ------------------------ $ ------------------------
iwokZijkS ¾ ------------------------ $ ------------------------
fdj.ksf"oo ¾ ------------------------ $ ------------------------
;L;kriofUr ¾ ------------------------ $ ------------------------
4- e×tw"kkr% 'kCnku~ fpRok fufnZ"VLrEHks"kq fy[krµ

uxkf/jkt% fnf'k bUnks% fl¼k% dfjfHk%
fdj.kS% nzeq k.kke~ lzrq {khjr;k {kqnsz Nk;k;ke~
xqgklq egkdkO;s kÜ Ä
` kõ f.k fo?kf^rkuke~ ekun.M%
izHkoL; ;% ?kukuke~ o`f"VfHk% dkfynklsu
izFkekfoHkfDr% r`rh;kfoHkfDr% "k"BhfoHkfDr% lIrehfoHkfDr%
;Fkk& ;% dfjfHk% bUnks% xqgklq
--------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
--------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
--------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
--------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
fgeky;% 91
i`fFkO;k% & -----------------------------------------------------------------
fgeky;s & -----------------------------------------------------------------
xqgklq & -----------------------------------------------------------------
bUnks% & -----------------------------------------------------------------
Nk;k;ke~ & -----------------------------------------------------------------
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
êkun.M*© 'kCn ekius osQ fy;s iz;ksx esa yk;h tkus okyh rjktw osQ ydM+h
osQ M.Ms dks dgk tkrk gSA ;g 'kCn vc vkn'kZ dlkSVh] fud"k] ijkdk"Bk]
Js"Brk dk iSekuk vkfn vFkks± esa iz;Dq r gksrk gSA
îwokZijkS rks;fu/h* osQ ekè;e ls ;gk¡ Øe'k% caxky dh [kkM+h rFkk vjclkxj
dh vksj laoQs r fd;k x;k gSA
^ljynze
q * nsonk# osQ isM+ dks dgk tkrk gSA bldh Nky cgqr dksey gksrh
gSA ?k"kZ.kek=k ls gh bldh Nky fNy tkrh gS rFkk mlls nw/ dh /kj cgus
yxrh gSA
fgeky; dh efgek dk o.kZu nwljs xzUFkksa esa Hkh izkIr gksrk gSA rqyuh;&
oSQyklks fgeoka'pSo nf{k.ks o"kZioZrkSA
iwoiZ f'pexkosrko.kZokUr#ifLFkrkSAA (czãk.Miqjk.ke~)
#fpjk
92 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
dkfynkl }kjk izfrikfnr fl¼kUr osQ fo#¼ esa ,d ;g Hkh dFku ik;k
tkrk gS&
,dks fg nks"kks xq.klfUuikrs fueTtrhUnksfjfr ;ks cHkk"ksA
u rsu n`"Va dfouk leLra nkfjnz; ~ esoQa xq.kdksfVgkfjAA
lwfDr dk vFkZ gS lqUnj dFkuA dkfynkl osQ dkO; esa cgqr ,slh lwfDr;k¡
gSa ftuls euq"; dks cgqr lh lh[k feyrh gSA uhps nh x;h oqQN vU;
lwfDr;ksa dk vè;;u djsAa
dkfynkl us es?knwr esa jkefxfj ioZr dks ys dj fy[kk gS&

u {kqnkz ¿s fi izFkelqÑrkis{k;k laJ;k;A
izkIrs fe=ks Hkofr foeq[k% ¯d iqu;ZLrFkksPpS%AA
dkfynkl dh vU; izfl¼ lwfDr;k¡
'kjhjek|a [kyq /eZlk/ue~A
u jRuefUo";fr e`X;rs fg rr~A
fiz;"s kq lkSHkkx;iQyk fg pk#rkA

iqjk.kfeR;so u lk/q loZeA~
fjDr% loksZ Hkofr fg y?kq% iw.kZrk xkSjok;A
ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~
* bl ikB esa lwfDr;k¡ [kkstAas
* vU; Hkk"kkvksa esa izkIr fgeky; o.kZu dks i<+as vkSj mldh lwph cuk;sAa
fgeky;% 93
prqnZ'k% ikB%
vk;ZHkV%
¹Hkkjro"kZ dh vewY; fuf/ gS Kku&foKku dh lqnh?kZ ijEijkA bl ijEijk dks lEiksf"kr
fd;k izc¼ q euhf"k;ksa usA bUgha euhf"k;ksa esa vxzx.; Fks vk;ZHkVA n'keyo i¼fr vkfn
osQ izkjfEHkd iz;ksDrk vk;ZHkV us xf.kr dks u;h fn'kk nhA bUgsa ,oa buosQ izofrZr
fl¼kUrksa dks rRdkyhu :f<okfn;ksa dk fojks/ >syuk iM+kA oLrqr% xf.kr dks foKku
cukus okys rFkk xf.krh; x.kuk i¼fr osQ }kjk vkdk'kh; fi.Mksa dh xfr dk izorZu
djus okys ;s izFke vkpk;Z FksA vkpk;Z vk;ZHkV osQ blh oSn"q ; dk mn~?kkVu izLrqr
ikB esa gSAº
iwofZ n'kk;ke~ mnsfr lw;%Z if'pefn'kk;ka p vLra xPNfr bfr n`';rs fg yksoQs A ija
u vusu vocksè;efLr ;Rlw;ksZ xfr'khy bfrA lw;ks¿Z py% i`fFkoh p pyk ;k Lodh;s
v{ks ?kw.kZfr bfr lkEizra lqLFkkfir% fl¼kUr%A fl¼kUrks¿;a izkFkE;su ;su izofrZr%] l
vklhr~ egku~ xf.krK% T;ksfrfoZPp vk;ZHkV%A i`fFkoh fLFkjk orZrs bfr ijEij;k
izpfyrk :f<% rsu izR;kfn"VkA rsu mnkâra ;n~ xfr'khyk;ka ukSdk;ke~ mifo"V%
ekuo% ukSdka fLFkjkeuqHkofr] vU;ku~ p inkFkkZu~ xfr'khyku~ voxPNfrA ,oeso
xfr'khyk;ka i`fFkO;ke~ vofLFkr% ekuo% i`fFkoha fLFkjkeuqHkofr lw;kZfnxzgku~ p xfr'khyku~
osfÙkA
476 res f[kLz rkCns ("kV~lIrR;f/dprq%'krres o"ks)Z vk;ZHkV% tUe yCèkokfufr

rsuoS fojfprs ^vk;ZHkVh;e~* bR;fLeu~ xzUFks mfYyf[kre~A xzUFkks¿;a rsu =k;ks¯o'kfrres
#fpjk
94 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
o;fl fojfpr%A ,sfrgkfldÏksrksfHk% Kk;rs ;r~ ikVfyiq=ka fud"kk vk;ZHkVL; osèk'kkyk
vklhr~A vusu bne~ vuqeh;rs ;r~ rL; deZHkwfe% ikVfyiq=keso vklhr~A
vk;Z H kVL; ;ks x nkua xf.krT;ks f r"kk lEc¼a orZ r s ;=k la [ ;kuke~
vkdyua egÙoe~ vkn/kfrA vk;Z H kV% iQfyrT;ks f r"k'kkL=ks u fo'oflfr
LeA xkf.krh;i¼R;k Ñre~
vkdyuekèk` R ; ,o rs u
iz f rikfnra ;n~ xz g .ks jkgq &
os Q rq u kedkS nkuokS ukfLr
dkj.ke~A r=k rq lw;p Z Unzif` Fkoh
bfr =khf.k ,o dkj.kkfuA lw;±
ifjr% HkzeUR;k% i`fFkO;k%] pUnzL;
ifjØekiFksu la;ksxkn~ xzg.ka HkofrA
;nk i`fFkO;k% Nk;kikrsu pUnzL;
izdk'k% vo#è;rs rnk pUnzxgz .ka HkofrA rFkSo i`Fohlw;;Z ks% eè;s lekxrL; pUnzL;
Nk;kikrsu lw;xZ gz .ka n`';rsA
lekts uwrukuka fopkjk.kka Lohdkjs izk;% lkekU;tuk% dkfBU;euqHkofUrA
Hkkjrh;T;ksfr%'kkL=ks rFkSo vk;ZHkVL;kfi fojks/% vHkor~A rL; fl¼kUrk% misf{krk%A
l if.MrEeU;kuke~ migklik=ka tkr%A iqujfi rL; n`f"V% dkykfrxkfeuh n`"VkA
vk/qfuoSQ% oSKkfuoSQ% rfLeu~] rL; p fl¼kUrs leknj% izdfVr%A vLeknso dkj.kkn~
vLekoaQ izFkeksixzgL; uke vk;ZHkV bfr Ñre~A
oLrqr% Hkkjrh;k;k% xf.krijEijk;k% vFk p foKkuijEijk;k% vlkS ,d%
f'k[kjiq#"k% vklhr~A
vk;ZHkV% 95
'kCnkFkkZ%
yksoQs & lalkj esa

vocksè;e~ & le>us ;ksX;] tkuus ;ksX;] tkuuk
pkfg,
vpy% & fLFkj] xfrghu
pyk & vfLFkj] xfr'khy
Lodh;s & vius
v{ks & /qjh ij
?kw.kZfr & ?kwerh gS
lqLFkkfir% & Hkyh&Hkk¡fr LFkkfir
izkFkE;su & loZiFz ke
T;ksfrfoZn~ & T;ksfr"kh
:f<% & izpfyr izFkk] fjokt
izR;kfn"Vk & [k.Mu fd;k
(izfr$vkfn"Vk)
f[kzLrkCns (f[kzLr$vCns) & bZLoh esa
"kV~lIrfr% & fNgÙkj
o;fl & vk;q es]a voLFkk es]a mez esa
fud"kk & fudV
os/'kkyk & xzg] u{k=kksa dks tkuus dh iz;ksx'kkyk
vkdyue~ & x.kuk
#fpjk
96 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
vkn/kfr & j[krk gS
HkzeUR;k% & ?kweus okyh dh] ?kwerh gqbZ dh
Nk;kikrsu & Nk;k iM+us ls
vo#è;rs & #d tkrk gS
vij=k & nwljh vksj
vofLFkr% & fLFkr
fo'oflfr Le & fo'okl djrk Fkk
izfrjks/L; & jksdus dk
if.MrEeU;kuke~ & Lo;a dks Hkkjh fo}ku~ ekuus okyksa dk
dkykfrxkfeuh & le; dks yk¡?kus okyh
vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mÙkjr&
(d) lw;%Z dL;ka fn'kk;ke~ mnsfr\
([k) vk;ZHkVL; os/'kkyk oqQ=k vklhr~\
(x) egku~ xf.krK% T;ksfrfoZPp d% vfLr\
(?k) vk;ZHkVsu d% xzUFk% jfpr%\
(Ä) vLekoaQ izFkeksixzgL; uke fde~ vfLr\
xzUFkks¿;e~ & ------------------- $ -------------------
lw;kZpy% & ------------------- $ -------------------
rFkSo & ------------------- $ -------------------
vk;ZHkV% 97
dkykfrxkfeuh & ------------------- $ -------------------
izFkeksixzgL; & ------------------- $ -------------------
3- v/ksfyf[krinkuka foijhrkFkZdinkfu fy[kr&

mn;% -------------------
vpy% -------------------
vU/dkj% -------------------
fLFkj% -------------------
leknj% -------------------

lkEizre~ & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
fud"kk & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ifjr% & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
mifo"V% & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
deZHkwfe% & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
oSKkfud% & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

ukSdke~ i`fFkoh rnk pyk vLra
(d) lw;%Z iwofZ n'kk;ke~ mnsfr if'pefnf'k p ------------------- xPNfrA
([k) lw;%Z vpy% i`fFkoh p -------------------A
(x) ------------- Lodh;s v{ks ?kw.kZfrA
(?k) ;nk i`fFkO;k% Nk;kikrsu pUnzL; izdk'k% vo#è;rs ------------------- pUnzxgz .ka
HkofrA
(Ä) ukSdk;ke~ mifo"V% ekuo% ------------------- fLFkjkeuqHkofrA
#fpjk
98 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
6- mnkgj.kkuqlkja inifjp;a nnr&
;Fkk & pUnzL; iq¡fYyÄõ% "k"Bh ,dopue~
os/'kkyk;ke~ -------------- -------------- --------------
i`fFkoh -------------- -------------- --------------
ijEij;k -------------- -------------- --------------
=khf.k -------------- -------------- --------------
Nk;kikrsu -------------- -------------- --------------
7- êfr* 'kCnL; :ikf.k iwj;r&

izFkek efr% erh er;%
f}rh;k efre~ ------------ erh%
r`rh;k eR;k efrH;ke~ ------------
prqFkhZ ------------ efrH;ke~ efrH;%

i×peh eR;k%] ers% ------------ ------------
"k"Bh ------------ eR;ks% erhuke~

lIreh eR;ke~ eR;ks% efr"kq
lEcks/ue~ ------------! gs erh! gs er;%!
vk;ZHkV% 99
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
vk;ZHkV dks v'edkpk;Z uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd buosQ tUeLFkku
osQ fo"k; esa fookn gSA dksbZ bUgsa ikVfyiq=k dk dgrs gSa rks dksbZ egkjk"Vª dkA
vk;ZHkV us n'keyo i¼fr dk iz;ksx djrs gq, π (ikbZ) dk eku fu/kZfjr
fd;kA mUgksua s n'keyo osQ ckn osQ pkj vadksa rd π osQ eku dks fudkykA mudh
n`f"V esa π dk eku gS 3-1416 A vk/qfud xf.kr esa π dk eku] n'keyo osQ ckn
lkr vadksa rd tkuk tk ldk gS] rnuqlkj π ¾ 3-1416926 A
Hkkjrh;T;ksfr"k'kkL=kµoSfnd ;qx esa ;K osQ dky vFkkZr~ 'kqHk eqgrw Z osQ Kku osQ
fy, T;ksfr"k'kkL=k dk mn~Hko gqvkA dkykUrj esa blosQ vUrxZr xzgksa dk lapkj] o"kZ]
ekl] i{k] okj] frfFk] ?kaVk vkfn ij xgu fopkj fd;k tkus yxkA yx/] vk;ZHkV]
ojkgfefgj] czãxqIr] HkkLdjkpk;Z] ckyxaxk/j fryd] jkekuqtu~ vkfn gekjs ns'k osQ
ize[q k T;ksfr"k'kkL=kh gSAa vk;ZHkVh;e~] lkSjfl¼kUr%] c`gRlafgrk] yhykorh] i×pfl¼kfUrdk
vkfn T;ksfr"k osQ ize[q k laLÑr xzUFk gSAa
vk;ZHkVh;e~µvk;ZHkV us 499 bZ- esa bl xzUFk dh jpuk dh FkhA ;g xzUFk

20 vk;kZNUnksa esa fuc¼ gSA bleas xzgksa dh x.kuk osQ fy, dfy laor~ (499 bZ- esa
3600 dfy laor~) dks fuf'pr fd;k x;k gSA
xf.krT;ksfr"kµla[;k osQ }kjk tgk¡ dky dh x.kuk gks] og xf.krT;ksfr"k gSA

T;ksfr"k'kkL=k dh rhu fo/kvksa ;Fkkµfl¼kUr] iQfyr ,oa xf.kr esa ;g lokZfèkd
ize[q k gSA
#fpjk
100 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
iQfyrT;ksfr"kµblosQ vUrxZr xzg u{k=kksa vkfn dh fLFkfr osQ vk/kj ij HkkX;]
deZ vkfn dk foospu fd;k tkrk gSA
os/'kkykµxzg] u{k=k vkfn dh xfr] fLFkfr dh tkudkjh tgk¡ x.kuk rFkk ;kfU=kd
fof/ osQ vk/kj ij yh tk;s og os/'kkyk gSA ;Fkk&tUrj&eUrjA
ifj;kstuk&dk;Ze~
* ;ksX;rk foLrkj esa mYysf[kr fo}kuksa dh Ñfr;ksa osQ uke dk lÄy
ï u djsAa
* ;ksX;rk foLrkj esa m¼`r iqLrdksa osQ ys[kd dk uke crk,¡A
* vk;ZHkV osQ vfrfjDr oqQN vU; xf.krKksa osQ uke rFkk muosQ dk;ks± dh
lwph rS;kj djsAa
vk;ZHkV% 101
i×pn'k% ikB%
izgfs ydk%
¹igsfy;k¡ euksj×tu dh izkphu fo/k gSA ;s izk;% fo'o dh lkjh Hkk"kkvksa esa miyC/
gSAa laLÑr osQ dfo;ksa us bl ijEijk dks vR;Ur le`¼ fd;k gSA igsfy;k¡ tgk¡ gesa
vkuUn nsrh gS]a ogha le>&cw> dh gekjh ekufld o ckSf¼d izfØ;k dks rhozrj
cukrh gaAS bl ikB esa laLÑr izgfs ydk (igsyh) cw>us dh ijEijk osQ oqQN jkspd
mnkgj.k izLrqr fd, x, gSAa º
dLrwjh tk;rs dLekr~\
dks gfUr dfj.kka oqQye~\
¯d oqQ;kZr~ dkrjks ;q¼\s
e`xkr~ ¯lg% iyk;rs AA1AA
lhefUruh"kq dk 'kkUrk\
jktk dks¿Hkwr~ xq.kksÙke%\
fo}n~fHk% dk lnk oU|k\
v=kSoksDra u cqè;rs AA2AA
oaQ l×t?kku Ñ".k%\
dk 'khryokfguh xÄkõ \
osQ nkjiks"k.kjrk%\
oaQ cyoUra u ck/rs 'khre~ AA3AA
o`{kkxzoklh u p if{kjkt%
f=kus=k/kjh u p 'kwyikf.k%A
Rox~oL=k/kjh u p fl¼;ksxh
tya p fcHkzUu ?kVks u es?k% AA4AA
#fpjk
102 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
HkkstukUrs p ¯d is;e~\
t;Ur% dL; oS lqr%\
dFka fo".kqina izkDs re~\
rØa 'kØL; nqyHZ ke~ AA5AA
izgsfydkukeqÙkjkUos"k.kk; lÄïsrk%
izFkek izgsfydk & vfUres pj.ks Øe'k% =k;k.kka iz'ukuka f=kfHk%
inS% mÙkja nÙke~A
f}rh;k izgsfydk & izFke&f}rh;&r`rh;&pj.ks"kq izFkeL; o.kZL;
vfUreo.ksZu la;ksxkr~ mÙkja izkI;rsA
r`rh;k izgsfydk & izR;soaQ pj.ks izFkef}rh;;ks% izFke=k;k.kka
ok o.kkZuka la;ksxkr~ rfLeu~ pj.ks izLrqrL;
iz'uL; mÙkja izkI;rsA
prqFkZizgsfydk;k% mÙkje~ & ukfjosQyiQye~A
i×peizgsfydk;k% mÙkje~ & izFke&izgsfydkor~A
'kCnkFkkZ%
gfUr & ekjrk@ekjrh gS

dkrj% & detksj
lhefUruh"kq & ukfj;ksa esa
dks¿Hkwr~ (d%$vHkwr~) & dkSu gqvk
l×t?kku & ekjk
oaQl×t?kku (oaQla$t?kku) & oaQl dks ekjk
'khryokfguh & BaMh /kjk okyh
dk'khryokfguh & dk'kh dh Hkwfe ij cgus okyh
izgsfydk% 103
nkjiks"k.kjrk% & iRuh osQ iks"k.k esa layXu
osQnkjiks"k.kjrk% & [ksr osQ dk;Z esa layXu
oaQcyoUre~ & og O;fDr ftlosQ ikl oaQcy gS
o`{kkxzoklh & isM+ osQ mQij jgus okyk
(o`{k$vxzoklh)
if{kjkt% & if{k;ksa dk jktk (x#M+)
f=kus=k/kjh & rhu us=kksa okyk (f'ko)
'kwyikf.k% & ftuosQ gkFk esa f=k'kwy gS ('kadj)
Rox~ & Ropk] Nky
fcHkzu~ & /kj.k djrk gqvk
fo".kqine~ & LoxZ] eks{k
rØe~ & NkN] eBk
'kØL; & bUnz dk
vH;kl%
(d) lhefUruh"kq dk ------------------ jktk -------------------- xq.kksÙke%A
([k) oaQ l×t?kku ------------------ dk ------------------------------ xÄkõ \
(x) osQ -------------------------- oaQ ---------------------- u ckèkrs 'khre~AA
(?k) o`{kkxzoklh u p ------------------- ------------------ u p 'kwyikf.k%A
d [k
¯d oqQ;kZr~ dkrjks ;q¼s v=kSoksDra u cqè;rsA
fo}n~fHk% dk lnk oU?kk rØa 'kØL; nqyHZ ke~A
oaQ l×t?kku Ñ".k% e`xkr~ ¯lg% iyk;rsA
dFka fo".kqina izkDs ra dk'khryokfguh xÄkõ A
#fpjk
104 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
3- mi;qDrdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~* vuqi;qDrdFkukuka le{ka u bfr fy[kr&
;Fkk& ¯lg% dfj.kka oqQya gfUrA vke~

(d) dkrjks ;q¼s ;qnè~ ;rsA
([k) dLrwjh e`xkr~ tk;rsA
(x) e`xkr~ ¯lg% iyk;rsA
(?k) oaQl% t?kku Ñ".ke~A
(Ä) rØa 'kØL; nqyHZ ke~A
(p) t;Ur% Ñ".kL; iq=k%A
4- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka fyÄaõ foHkfDra opu×p fy[kr&

;Fkk&dfj.kke~ iq¡fYyÄõe~ "k"Bh cgqopue~
dLrwjh ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
;q¼s ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
lhefUruh"kq ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
cyoUre~ ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
'kwyikf.k% ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
'kØL; ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
izgsfydk% 105
5- dks"BdkUrxZrkuka inkukeqi;qDrfoHkfDriz;ksxus vuqPNsna iwj;r&
,d% dkd% ---------------- (vkdk'k) M;eku% vklhr~A r`"kkrZ% l% ---------------- (ty)
vUos"k.ka djksfrA rnk l% ---------------- (?kV) vYia ---------------- (ty) i';frA
l% ---------------- (miy) vkuh; ---------------- (?kV) ikr;frA tya ----------------
(?kV) mifj vkxPNfrA ---------------- (dkd) lkuUna tya ihRok rÌ;frA
;ksX;rk&foLrkj%
izLrqr ikB esa nh x;h igsfy;ksa osQ vfrfjDr oqQN vU; igsfy;k¡ v/ksfyf[kr gSaA
mUgsa i<+dj Lo;a le>us dh dksf'k'k djsa vkSj Kkuo/Zu djsa ;fn u le> ik;sa rks
mÙkj ns[ksaA
(d) pØh f=k'kwyh u gjks u fo".kq%A
egku~ cfy"Bks u p Hkhelsu%A
LoPNUnxkeh u p ukjnks¿fi
lhrkfo;ksxh u p jkepUnz%AA
([k) u rL;kfnuZ rL;kUr% eè;s ;LrL; fr"BfrA
rokI;fLr eekI;fLr ;fn tkukfl rn~onAA
(x) vinks nwjxkeh p lk{kjks u p if.Mr%A
veq[k% LiqQVoDrk p ;ks tkukfr l if.Mr%AA
mÙkj&(d) o`"kHk%] ([k) u;ue~] (x) i=ke~
#fpjk
106 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
ifjf'k"Ve~
lfU/%
iwoiZ nL; vfUreo.ksuZ lee~ mÙkjinL; iwooZ .kZL; esyusu ;RifjorZua Hkofr rRlfUèk%
bfrA
;Fkk& fo|k $ vky;%
¾ fon~;~ vk $ vk y;%
¾ fo|ky;%
,oeso ;fn $ vfi ¾ ;|fi dfo $ bUnz% ¾ dohUnz%
lkekU;r% lfU/% f=kfo/%] r|Fkk&
(d) LojlfU/% vp~lfU/% ok
([k) O;×tulfU/% gy~lfU/% ok
(x) folxZlfU/%
(d) LojlfU/% & Lojo.ksuZ lg Lojo.kZL; esyua Loj&lfU/% dF;rsA laLÑrHkk"kk;ka
LohÑrk% Lojo.kkZ% bes lfUr&v] vk] b] bZ] m] Å] ½] y`] y`] ,] ,s] vks]
vkSA LojlU/kS ,rs"kka ijLijesyua HkofrA v=k osQfpn~ fof'k"Vk% lU/;%
mYys[kuh;k%&
(i) nh?kZlfU/% & v] b] m] ½ gLosH;ks nh?ksHZ ;ks osfr o.ksHZ ;% ije~ v] b]
m] ½ osfr Loj% nh?kkZ% ok o.kkZ% HkofUr psr]~ r;ks% esyusu nh?kZ%
HkofrA (lw=ke~&vd% lo.ksZ nh?kZ%)
mnkgj.kkfu& eqj $ vfj% ¾ eqjkfj%
ikB $ vkjEHk% ¾ ikBkjEHk%
nf{k.k $ v;ue~ ¾ nf{k.kk;ue~
LojkT; $ vkUnksyue~ ¾ LojkT;kUnksyue~
dfo $ bUnz% ¾ dohUnz%
ifjf'k"Ve~ 107
eqfu $ bZ'oj% ¾ equh'oj%
egh $ bUnz% ¾ eghUnz%
egh $ bZ'oj% ¾ egh'oj%
Hkkuq $ mn;% ¾ Hkkuwn;%
y?kq $ mfeZ% ¾ y?kwfeZ%
o/w $ mn;% ¾ o/wn;%
fir` $ ½.ke~ ¾ firÏ.ke~
lkekU;&izfØ;k
v $ v ¾ vk b $ b ¾ bZ m $ m ¾ Å ½ $ ½ ¾ ½Ï
v $ vk ¾ vk b $ bZ ¾ bZ m $ Å ¾ Å y` $ y` ¾ yÏ
vk $ v ¾ vk bZ $ b ¾ bZ Å $ m ¾ Å
vk $ vk ¾ vk bZ $ bZ ¾ bZ Å $ Å ¾ Å
(ii) ;.k~lfU/% & b] m] ½] y` osfr o.kZL; i'pkr~ fHkUuLojo.kZ% Hkofr

psr~ b] m] ½] y` bR;s"kka LFkkus Øe'k% ;~] o~] j~] y~ vkns'k% HkofrA
(lw=ke~&bdks ;.kfp)
mnkgj.kkfu&
;fn $ vfi ¾ ;|fi
e/q $ vfj ¾ eèofj%
o/w $ vkxeue~ ¾ oèokxeue~
fir` $ vkns'k% ¾ fi=kkn'k%
y` $ vkÑfr% ¾ ykÑfr%
#fpjk
108 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
lkekU;&izfØ;k
b@bZ $ v] vk] m] Å] ½] y`] ,] ,s] vks] vkS ¾ ;~
m@Å $ v] vk] b] bZ] ½] y`] ,] ,s] vks] vkS ¾ o~
½@½ $ v] vk] b] bZ] m] Å] ½] y`] ,] ,s] vks] vkS ¾ j~~
y`@y` $ v] vk] b] bZ] m] Å] ½] Í] y`] ,] ,s] vks] vkS ¾ y~
(iii) xq.klfU/% & v] vk bR;u;ks% i'pkr~ b] m] ½] Æ osfr o.kZ% vkxPNfr

psr]~ Øe'k% ,] vks] vj~] vy~ ok HkofrA (lw=ke~&vkn~x.q k%)
mnkgj.kkfu&
nso $ bUnz% ¾ nsoUs nz%
lkekU;&izfØ;k
nso $ bZ'k% ¾ nso's k%
v@vk $ b] bZ ¾ ,
ij $ midkj% ¾ ijksidkj%
v@vk $ m] Å ¾ vks
,d $ Åu% ¾ ,dksu%
v@vk $ ½ ¾ vj~
egk $ ÅfeZ% ¾ egksfeZ%
v@vk $ y` ¾ vy~
nso $ ½f"k% ¾ nsof"kZ%
ro $ y`dkj% ¾ roYdkj%
(iv) o`f¼lfU/% & v@vk bR;u;ks% i'pkr~ ,@,s] vks@vkS osfr o.kZ% vkxPNfr
psr]~ Øe'k% ,s] vkS ok HkofrA (lw=ke~&o`f¼jsfp)
mnkgj.kkfu&
,d $ ,de~ ¾ ,oSQde~
nso $ ,s'o;Ze~ ¾ nso'S o;Ze~ lkekU;&izfØ;k
xÄõk $ vks?k% ¾ xÄõk?S k% v@vk $ ,] ,s ¾ ,s
egk $ vks"kf/% ¾ egkS"kf/% v@vk $ vks] vkS ¾ vkS
ifjf'k"Ve~ 109
(v) v;kfnlfU/% & ,] ,s] vks] vkS osfr o.kZL; i'pkr~ dks¿fi Lojo.kZ%
vkxPNfr psr]~ rRLFkkus Øe'k% v;~] vk;~] vo~] vko~ ok vkns'k% HkofrA
(lw=ke~&,pks¿;ok;ko%)
mnkgj.kkfu&
us $ vue~ ¾ u;ue~ lkekU;&izfØ;k
xS $ vd% ¾ xk;d% , $ Lojo.kkZ% ¾ v;~
iks $ vue~ ¾ ioue~ ,s $ Lojo.kkZ% ¾ vk;~
ikS $ vd% ¾ ikod% vks $ Lojo.kkZ% ¾ vo~
vkS $ Lojo.kkZ% ¾ vko~
dkjde~
okD;s fØ;k;k% l|% vUo;% ;su insu 'kCnsu ok lg Hkofr rRina dkjoaQ HkofrA
dkjdk.kke~ vFk± izdk'kf;rqa ;s"kka izR;;kuka la;kstua 'kCnS% lg Hkofr rs (izR;;k%)
dkjdfoHkDr;% HkofUrA
lkekU;r% foHkfDr% f}fo/k&
(i) dkjdfoHkfDr% (ii) miinfoHkfDr%
dkjdfoHkfDr% & dkjd}kjk iz;Dq rfoHkfDr% dkjdfoHkfDr% HkofrA ;Fkk&ckyd%
fo|ky;a xPNfrA v=k ckyd% bR;=k dÙkZd ` kjdfefr izFkek foHkfDr%A fo|ky;e~
bR;=k deZdkjdfefr f}rh;k foHkfDr%A
miinfoHkfDr% & ine~ vkfJR; ;k foHkfDr% lk miin&foHkfDr%A ;Fkk&xqjos ue%A

v=k ûe%* bfr inL; iz;ksx.s k prqFkhZ foHkfDr%A
vfHkr% & xzkee~ vfHkr% ioZrk% lfUrA
ifjr% & xzkea ifjr% m|kue~ vfLrA
#fpjk
110 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
mHk;r% & fo|ky;e~ mHk;r% iq"iokfVdkA
loZr% & iq"iokfVdka loZr% o`{kk% lfUrA
lg & 'k'kkÄï.s k lg jksfg.kh x`ga xrorhA
lkoaQ & e;k lkoaQ Roa xPNflA
lee~ & Ro;k lee~ vga xPNkfeA
lk/± & iz/kuefU=k.kk lk/± efU=k.k% vfi xroUr%A
vye~ & vye~ fooknsuA vya Jes.kA jke% jko.kk; vye~A
ue% & xqjos ue%A
Lokgk & vXu;s LokgkA
Lo/k & fir`H;% Lo/kA
o"kV~ & nsork;S o"kV~A
milxZ%
/krks% iwoeZ ~ milxkZu~ ;kstf;Rok o;a uwrufØ;kinkuka fuekZ.ka oqQeZ%A milxkZ% lkèkkj.kr%
}k¯o'kfr% (22) la[;dk% lfUr] r|Fkk&iz] ijk] vi] le~] vuq] vo] fuj~] ful~]
nqj]~ nql]~ fo] vkÄ~] fu] vf/] vfi] vfr] lq] mr~] vfHk] izfr] ifj] miA milxZ;ksxus
/kRoFkZ% Dofpr~ ifjorZrAs vr% dF;rs&
milxs.Z k /kRoFkksZ cyknU;=k uh;rsA
fogkjgkjlagkjizgkjifjgkjor~AA
;Fkk& fo $ â ¾ fogjfr
le~ $ â ¾ lagjfr
mi $ â ¾ migjfr
ifj $ â ¾ ifjgjfr
ifjf'k"Ve~ 111
izR;;%
foHkfDrjfgrL; ewy'kCnL; vUrs] vFkZ;rq a 'kCna izfriknf;raq ;% 'kCn% o.kksZ ok iz;Tq ;rs
l% izR;;% dF;rsA foHkfDrjfgr% ewy'kCn% laLÑrO;kdj.ks izÑfr% mP;rsA izÑfrfj;a
f}fo/k] r|Fkk&/krq% izkfrifnd×pA
,oa /krks% izkfrifndkr~ p vuUrja ;% o.kZ% iz;Tq ;rs l% izR;;% HkofrA ;Fkk&^jke%*
bfr 'kCns ^jke* izkfrifnd% vfLr] folxZ% (lq) p izR;;ks orZrAs rFkSo îfBRok*
bfr 'kCns iB~ bfr /krq% orZrs DRok p izR;;% bfrA
izR;;k% i×pfo/k% HkofUr] r|Fkk&foHkfDr%] Ñr~] rf¼r%] L=khizR;;%]
èkkRoo;o'pA v=k bes izR;;k% vfi vocks/uh;k%A
(d) foHkfDr% & /krwuke~ vuUrja ^fr] r%] fUr*&izHk`r;% izR;;k% izkfrifndkuka p
vuUrja lq&vkS&tl~&izHk`Rk;% izR;;k% foHkfDr&izR;;k% HkofUrA
;Fkk& jke $ lq ¾ jke% (izkfrifnosQu fu"iÂ%)
xe~ $ fr ¾ xPNfr (/krqfHkfu"iÂ%)
iB~ $ fUr ¾ iBfUr (/krqfHkfu"iÂ%)
([k) Ñr~ & /krks% i'pkr~ iz;Dq rk% izR;;k% Ñr~iRz ;;k% HkofUrA
;Fkk& iB~ $ Y;qV~ ¾ iBue~
(x) rf¼r% & laKk;k% loZukEu'p i'pkr~ iz;Dq rk% izR;;k% rf¼rk% HkofUrA
;Fkk& f'ko $ v.k~ ¾ 'kSo%A
(?k) L=khizR;;% & iqfa yÄõ'kCnku~ L=khfyÄ"õs kq ifjofrZraq ;s izR;;k% iz;ksxs O;ofgz;Urs
rs L=khizR;;k% lfUrA
;Fkk& prqj $ Vki~ ¾ prqjk
nkr` $ Ähi~ ¾ nk=kh
#fpjk
112 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
(Ä) /kRoo;o% & /krks% foHkDrs'p eè;s lu~&'ki~&f.kp~&izHk`r;% izR;;k% èkkRoo;ok%
HkofUrA
;Fkk& iB~ $ f.kp~ $ fri~ ¾ ikB;fr
vkÄ~yHkk"kk;ka izR;;% bfr 'kCnL; Ñrs Suffix bfr 'kCnks orZrAs osQpu ize[q kk%
O;kogkfjdk'p izR;;k% lfUr & DRok] rqeuq ]~ 'kr`] 'kkup~] rO;r~] vuh;j~] Dr]
Drorq] ?k×k~] Vki~] Y;qV]~ f.kp~] Y;i~] bR;kn;%A
dkfupu mnkgj.kkfu
DRok & xe~ $ DRok ¾ xRok ¾ tkdj
vga iqLroaQ ifBRok
iB~ $ DRok ¾ ifBRok ¾ i<+dj x`ga xfe";kfeA
gl~ $ DRok ¾ gflRok ¾ g¡ldj
Y;i~ & ifj $ R;t~ $ Y;i~ ¾ ifjR;T; ¾ NksMd
+ j
';ke% x`ga ifjR;T;
fo $ gl~ ¾ Y;i~ ¾ fogL; ¾ g¡ldj oua xroku~A
mi $ xe~ $ Y;i~ ¾ mixE; ¾ lehi tkdj
rqeuq ~ & uh $ rqeuq ~ ¾ usreq ~ ¾ ykus osQ fy;s yrk iqLroaQ ifBrqa
xe~ $ rqeuq ~ ¾ xUrqe~ ¾ tkus osQ fy;s iqLrdky;a xPNfrA
iB~ $ rqeuq ~ ¾ ifBrqe~ ¾ i<+us osQ fy;s vga iQya usreq ~
py~ $ rqeuq ~ ¾ pfyrqe~ ¾ pyus osQ fy;s vki.ak xfe";kfeA
ifjf'k"Ve~ 113
'kCn:ikf.k
loZuke&'kCn%
vLen~
izFkek vge~ vkoke~ o;e~
f}rh;k eke~] ek vkoke~] ukS vLeku~] u%
r`rh;k e;k vkokH;ke~ vLekfHk%
prqFkhZ eáe~] es vkokH;ke~] ukS vLeH;e~] u%
i×peh er~ vkokH;ke~ vLer~
"k"Bh ee] es vko;ks%] ukS vLekde~] u%
lIreh ef; vko;ks% vLeklq
;q"en~
izFkek Roe~ ;qoke~ ;w;e~
f}rh;k Roke~] Rok ;qoke~] oke~ ;q"eku~] o%
r`rh;k Ro;k ;qokH;ke~ ;q"ekfHk%
prqFkhZ rqH;e~] rs ;qokH;ke~] oke~ ;q"eH;e~] o%
i×peh Ror~ ;qokH;ke~ ;q"er~
"k"Bh ro] rs ;qo;ks% oke~ ;q"ekde~] o%
lIreh Rof; ;qo;ks% ;q"eklq
#fpjk
114 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
;r~
iqf¡ YyXs
izFkek ;% ;kS ;s
f}rh;k ;e~ ;kS ;ku~
r`rh;k ;su ;kH;ke~ ;S%
prqFkhZ ;LeS ;kH;ke~ ;sH;%
i×peh ;Lekr~ ;kH;ke~ ;sH;%
"k"Bh ;L; ;;ks% ;s"kke~
lIreh ;fLeu~ ;;ks% ;s"kq
L=khfyXss
izFkek ;k ;s ;k%
f}rh;k ;ke~ ;s ;k%
r`rh;k ;;k ;kH;ke~ ;kfHk%
prqFkhZ ;L;S ;kH;ke~ ;kH;%
i×peh ;L;k% ;kH;ke~ ;kH;%
"k"Bh ;L;k% ;;ks% ;klke~
lIreh ;L;ke~ ;;ks% ;klq
ifjf'k"Ve~ 115
uiql
a dfyXss
izFkek ;r~ ;s ;kfu
f}rh;k ;r~ ;s ;kfu
r`rh;k ;su ;kH;ke~ ;S%
prqFkhZ ;LeS ;kH;ke~ ;sH;%
i×peh ;Lekr~ ;kH;ke~ ;sH;%
"k"Bh ;L; ;;ks% ;s"kke~
lIreh ;fLeu~ ;;ks% ;s"kq
bne~
iqf¡ YyXss
izFkek v;e~ bekS bes
f}rh;k bee~] ,ue~ bekS] ,ukS beku~] ,uku~
r`rh;k vusu] ,usu vkH;ke~ ,fHk%
prqFkhZ vLeS vkH;ke~ ,H;%
i×peh vLekr~ vkH;ke~ ,H;%
"k"Bh vL; vu;ks%] ,u;ks% ,"kke~
lIreh vfLeu~ vu;ks%] ,u;ks% ,"kq
#fpjk
116 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
L=khfyXss
izFkek b;e~ bes bek%
f}rh;k beke~ bes bek%
r`rh;k vu;k vkH;ke~ vkfHk%
prqFkhZ vL;S vkH;ke~ vkH;%
i×peh vL;k% vkH;ke~ vkH;%
"k"Bh vL;k% vu;ks% vklke~
lIreh vL;ke~ vu;ks% vklq
uiql
a d¯yXss
izFkek bne~ bes bekfu
f}rh;k bne~] ,ur~ bes] ,us bekfu] ,ukfu
r`rh;k vusu] ,usu vkH;ke~ ,fHk%
prqFkhZ vLeS vkH;ke~ ,H;%
i×peh vLekr~ vkH;ke~ ,H;%
"k"Bh vL; vu;ks%] ,u;ks% ,"kke~
lIreh vfLeu~ vu;ks%] ,u;ks% ,"kq
fo'ks"k% & loZuke'kCnkuka lEcks/us :ikf.k u HkofUrA
ifjf'k"Ve~ 117
½dkjkUr&L=khfyÄ%õ
ekr` (ekrk)
izFkek ekrk ekrjkS ekrj%
f}rh;k ekrje~ ekrjkS ekrÏ%
r`rh;k ek=kk ekr`H;ke~ ekr`fHk%
prqFkhZ ek=ks ekr`H;ke~ ekr`H;%
i×peh ekrq% ekr`H;ke~ ekr`H;%
"k"Bh ekrq% ek=kks% ekrÏ.kke~
lIreh ekrfj ek=kks% ekr`"kq
lEcks/u! gs ekr%! gs ekrjkS! gs ekrj%!
Lol` (cgu)
izFkek Lolk LolkjkS Lolkj%
f}rh;k Lolkje~ LolkjkS LolÏ%
r`rh;k LoÏk Lol`H;ke~ Lol`fHk%
prqFkhZ LoÏs Lol`H;ke~ Lol`H;%
i×peh Lolq% Lol`H;ke~ Lol`H;%
"k"Bh Lolq% LoÏks% LolÏ.kke~
lIreh Lolfj LoÏks% Lol`"kq
lEcks/u! gs Lol%! gs LolkjkS! gs Lolkj%!
#fpjk
118 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
udkjkUr&iqf¡ YyÄ%õ
jktu~ (jktk)
izFkek jktk jktkukS jktku%
f}rh;k jktkue~ jktkukS jkK%
r`rh;k jkKk jktH;ke~ jktfHk%
prqFkhZ jkKs jktH;ke~ jktH;%
i×peh jkK% jktH;ke~ jktH;%
"k"Bh jkK% jkKks% jkKke~
lIreh jkfK] jktfu jkKks% jktlq
lEcks/u! gs jktu~! gs jktkukS! gs jktku%!
/krq&:ikf.k
[kkn~ ([kkuk)
izFkeiq#"k% [kknfr [kknr% [kknfUr
eè;eiq#"k% [kknfl [kknFk% [kknFk
mÙkeiq#"k% [kknkfe [kknko% [kknke%
ifjf'k"Ve~ 119
y`V~ydkj% (Hkfo";Rdky%)
izFkeiq#"k% [kkfn";fr [kkfn";r% [kkfn";fUr
eè;eiq#"k% [kkfn";fl [kkfn";Fk% [kkfn";Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% [kkfn";kfe [kkfn";ko% [kkfn";ke%
izFkeiq#"k% v[kknr~ v[kknrke~ v[kknu~
eè;eiq#"k% v[kkn% v[kknre~ v[kknr
mÙkeiq#"k% v[kkne~ v[kknko v[kknke
izFkeiq#"k% [kknrq [kknrke~ [kknUrq
eè;eiq#"k% [kkn [kknre~ [kknr
mÙkeiq#"k% [kknkfu [kknko [kknke
izFkeiq#"k% [kknsr~ [kknsrke~ [kkns;q%
eè;eiq#"k% [kkns% [kknsre~ [kknsr
mÙkeiq#"k% [kkns;e~ [kknso [kknse
,oeso /ko~] [ksy]~ xe~ (xPN)] iB~] j{k~] Hkze]~ ik (fic~)]

gl~] fey~] ØhM~]&bR;knhuka /krwuka :ikf.k HkofUrA
#fpjk
120 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
b"k~ (bPNk djuk)
izFkeiq#"k% bPNfr bPNr% bPNfUr
eè;eiq#"k% bPNfl bPNFk% bPNFk
mÙkeiq#"k% bPNkfe bPNko% bPNke%
y`V~ydkj% (Hkfo";Rdky%)
izFkeiq#"k% ,f"k";fr ,f"k";r% ,f"k";fUr
eè;eiq#"k% ,f"k";fl ,f"k";Fk% ,f"k";Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% ,f"k";kfe ,f"k";ko% ,f"k";ke%
izFkeiq#"k% ,sPNr~ ,sPNrke~ ,sPNu~
eè;eiq#"k% ,sPN% ,sPNre~ ,sPNr
mÙkeiq#"k% ,sPNe~ ,sPNko ,sPNke
izFkeiq#"k% bPNrq bPNrke~ bPNUrq
eè;eiq#"k% bPN bPNre~ bPNr
mÙkeiq#"k% bPNkfu bPNko bPNke
ifjf'k"Ve~ 121
izFkeiq#"k% bPNsr~ bPNsrke~ bPNss;q%
eè;eiq#"k% bPNs% bPNssre~ bPNsr
mÙkeiq#"k% bPNs;e~ bPNso bPNse
la[;kokpdk% 'kCnk% (51 r% 100)
51 ,di×pk'kr~ 62 }k"kf"V%@f}"kf"V%
52 }ki×pk'kr~@f}i×pk'kr~ 63 =k;""kf"V%@f=k"kf"V%
53 =k;%i×pk'kr~@f=ki×pk'kr~ 64 prq""kf"V%
54 prq%i×pk'kr~ 65 i×p"kf"V%
55 i×pi×pk'kr~ 66 "kV~"kf"V%
56 "kV~i×pk'kr~ 67 lIr"kf"V%
57 lIri×pk'kr~ 68 v"Vk"kf"V%@v"V"kf"V%
58 v"Vki×pk'kr~@v"Vi×pk'kr~ 69 uo"kf"V%@,dksulIrfr%
59 uoi×pk'kr~@,dksu"kf"V% 70 lIrfr%
60 "kf"V% 71 ,dlIrfr%
61 ,d"kf"V% 72 }klIrfr%@f}lIrfr%
#fpjk
122 r`rh;ks Hkkx%
73 f=klIrfr%@=k;LlIrfr% 87 lIrk'khfr%
74 prqLlIrfr% 88 v"Vk'khfr%
75 i×plIrfr% 89 uok'khfr%@,dksuuofr%
76 "kV~lIrfr% 90 uofr%
77 lIrlIrfr% 91 ,duofr%
78 v"VklIrfr%@v"VlIrfr% 92 }kuofr%@f}uofr%
79 uolIrfr%@,dksuk'khfr% 93 =k;ksuofr%@f=kuofr%
80 v'khfr% 94 prquoZ fr%
81 ,dk'khfr% 95 i×puofr%
82 }Ô'khfr% 96 "k..kofr%
83 =k~;'khfr% 97 lIruofr%
84 prqj'khfr% 98 v"Vkuofr%@v"Vuofr%
85 i×pk'khfr% 99 uouofr%@,dksu'kre~
86 "kM'khfr% 100 'kre~
ifjf'k"Ve~ 123
fo"k;kuqØef.kdk
i`"BkÄïk%
iqjksoko~Q v
Hkwfedk ix
eÄõye~ 1&1
1- HkkjrholUrxhfr% 2&6
2- Lo.kZdkd% 7&16
3- lkseizHke~ 17&25
4- dYir#% 26&31
5- lwfDrekSfDrde~ 32&37
6- HkzkUrks cky% 38&44
7- izR;fHkKkue~ 45&55
8- ykSgrqyk 56&62
9- fldrklsrq% 63&70
10- tVk;ks% 'kkS;Ze~ 71&77
11- i;kZoj.ke~ 78&84
12- okÄ~eu%izk.kLo:ie~ 85&90

eÄy
õ e~
;L;ka leqnz mr flU/qjkiks ;L;keUua Ñ"V;% la cHkwoq%A
;L;kfEkna ftUofr izk.knstr~ lk uks Hkwfe% iwoZis;s n/krq AA1AA
;L;k'prÏ% izfn'k% i`fFkO;k ;L;keUua Ñ"V;% la cHkwoq%A
;k fcHkfrZ cgq/k izk.knstr~ lk uks Hkwfexks"Z oI;Uus n/krq AA2AA
tua fcHkzrh cgq/k fookpla ukuk/ekZ.ka i`fFkoh ;FkkSdle~A
lgÏaa /kjk nzfo.kL; es nqgka /zoq os /sujq uiLiqQjUrh AA3AA
1- ftl (Hkwfe) esa egklkxj] ufn;k¡ vkSj tyk'k; (>hy] ljksoj vkfn) fo|eku gSa] ftlesa
vusd izdkj osQ HkksT; inkFkZ mitrs gSa rFkk Ñf"k] O;kikj vkfn djus okys yksx lkekftd
laxBu cuk dj jgrs gSa (Ñ"V;% la cHkwoq%)] ftl (Hkwfe) esa ;s lk¡l ysrs (izk.kr~) izk.kh
pyrs&fiQjrs gSa_ og ekr`Hkwfe gesa izFke HkksT; inkFkZ ([kk|&is;) iznku djs AA1AA
2- ftl Hkwfe esa pkj fn'kk,¡ rFkk mifn'kk,¡ vusd izdkj osQ HkksT; inkFkZ (iQy] 'kkd vkfn)
mitkrh gSa_ tgk¡ Ñf"k&dk;Z djus okys lkekftd laxBu cukdj jgrs gSa (Ñ"V;% la
cHkwoq%)_ tks (Hkwfe) vusd izdkj osQ izkf.k;ksa (lk¡l ysus okyksa rFkk pyus&fiQjus okys
thoksa) dks /kj.k djrh gS] og ekr`Hkwfe gesa xkS&vkfn ykHkizn i'kqvksa rFkk [kk| inkFkks± osQ
fo"k; esa lEiUu cuk ns AA2AA
3- vusd izdkj ls fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksa dks cksyus okys rFkk vusd èkeks± dks ekuus okys tu&leqnk;
dks] ,d gh ?kj esa jgus okys yksxksa osQ leku] /kj.k djus okyh rFkk dHkh u"V u gksus
nsus okyh (vuiLiqQjUrh) fLFkj&tSlh ;g i`Foh gekjs fy, /u dh lgÏksa /kjkvksa dk mlh
izdkj nksgu djs tSls dksbZ xk; fcuk fdlh ck/k osQ nw/ nsrh gks AA3AA
izFke% ikB%
HkkjrholUrxhfr%
izLrqr xhr vk/qfud laLÑr&lkfgR; osQ iz[;kr dfo ia- tkudh oYyHk 'kkL=kh dh jpuk
^dkdyh* uked xhrlaxgz ls ladfyr gSA blesa ljLorh dh oUnuk djrs gq, dkeuk dh xbZ gS
fd gs ljLorh! ,slh oh.kk ctkvks] ftlls e/qj e×tfj;ksa ls ihr iafDrokys vke osQ o`{k] dks;y
dk owQtu] ok;q dk /hjs&/hjs cguk] vejkb;ksa esa dkys Hkzejksa dk xq×tkj vkSj ufn;ksa dk (yhyk
osQ lkFk cgrk gqvk) ty] olUr Írq esa eksgd gks mBsA Lok/hurk laxzke dh i`"BHkwfe esa fy[kh
x;h ;g xhfrdk ,d uohu psruk dk vkokgu djrh gS rFkk ,sls oh.kkLoj dh ifjdYiuk djrh
gS tks Lok/hurk izkfIr osQ fy, tuleqnk; dks izsfjr djsA
fuukn; uohuke;s okf.k! oh.kke~

e`naq xk; xhfra yfyr&uhfr&yhuke~ A
e/qj&e×tjh&fi×tjh&Hkwr&ekyk%
olUrs ylUrhg ljlk jlkyk%
dykik% yfyr&dksfdyk&dkdyhuke~ AA1AA
fuukn;---AA
ogfr eUneUna luhjs lehjs
dfyUnkRetk;kLlokuhjrhjs]
urka ifƒekyksD; e/qek/ohuke~ AA2AA
fuukn;---AA
yfyr&iYyos iknis iq"iiq×ts
ey;ek#rksPpqfEcrs e×tqoQq ×ts]
LouUrhUrfrEiz{s ; efyukeyhuke~ AA3AA
fuukn;---AA
HkkjrholUrxhfr% 3
yrkuka furkUra lqea 'kkfUr'khye~

pysnPq NysRdkUrlfyya lyhye~]
rokd.;Z oh.kkenhuka unhuke~ AA4AA fuukn;---AA
'kCnkFkkZ%
fuukn; furjka okn; xqaftr djks@ctkvks
e`nqa pk#] e/qja dksey
yfyruhfryhuke~ lqUnjuhfrlayXuke~ lqUnj uhfr esa yhu
e×tjh vkezoqQlqee~ vkeziq"i
fi×tjhHkwrekyk% ihriÄ~Dr;% ihys o.kZ ls ;qDr iafDr;k¡
ylfUr 'kksHkUrs lq'kksfHkr gks jgh gSa
bg v=k ;gk¡
ljlk% jliw.kkZ% e/qj
jlkyk% vkezk% vke osQ isM+
dykik% lewgk% lewg
dkdyh dksfdykuka èofu% dks;y dh vkokt
luhjs ltys ty ls iw.kZ
lehjs ok;kS gok esa
dfyUnkRetk;k% ;equk;k% ;equk unh osQ
lokuhjrhjs osrl;qDrs rVs csar dh yrk ls ;qDr rV ij
urke~ ufrizkIrke~ >qdh gqbZ
e/qek/ohuke~ e/qek/ohyrkuke~ e/qj ekyrh yrkvksa dk
yfyriYyos euksgjiYyos eu dks vkdf"kZr djus okys iÙks
iq"iiq×ts iq"ilewgs iq"iksa osQ lewg ij
ey;ek#rksPpqfEcrs ey;kfuylaLi`"Vs pUnu o`{k dh lqxfU/r ok;q ls Li'kZ
fd;s x;s
e×tqoqQ×ts 'kksHkuyrkforkus lqUnj yrkvksa ls vkPNkfnr LFkku
LouUrha èofua oqQoZUrhe~ èofu djrh gqbZ
rfra ifƒe~ lewg dks
isz{; n`"V~ok ns[kdj
4 'kseq"kh
efyuke~ Ñ".ko.kkZe~ efyu
vyhuke~ Hkzejk.kke~ Hkzejksa osQ
lqee~ oqQlqee~ iq"i dks
'kkfUr'khye~ 'kkfUr;qDre~ 'kkfUr ls ;qDr
mPNysr~ mQèo± xPNsr~ mPNfyr gks mBs
dkUrlfyye~ euksgjtye~ LoPN ty
lyhye~ ØhMklfgre~ [ksy&[ksy osQ lkFk
vkd.;Z JqRok lqudj
vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqRrjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr&
(d) dfo% oh.kkikf.ka ¯d dFk;fr\
([k) olUrs ¯d Hkofr\
(x) ljLoR;k% oh.kka JqRok ¯d ifjorZua Hkorq bfr dos% bPNka fy[krA
(?k) dfo% Hkxorha Hkkjrha dL;k% u|k% rVs (oqQ=k) e/qek/ohuka urka ifƒe~ voyksD;
oh.kka oknf;rqa dFk;fr\
2- ^d* LrEHks inkfu] ^[k* LrEHks rs"kka i;kZ;inkfu nÙkkfuA rkfu fpRok inkuka le{ks
fy[kr&
^d* LrEHk% ^[k* LrEHk%
(d) ljLorh (1) rhjs
([k) vkeze~ (2) vyhuke~
(x) iou% (3) lehj%
(?k) rVs (4) ok.kh
(Ä) Hkzejk.kke~ (5) jlky%
3- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu iz;qT; laLÑrHkk"k;k okD;jpuka oqQ#r&
(d) fuukn; ([k) eUneUne~
(x) ek#r% (?k) lfyye~
(Ä) lqeu%
HkkjrholUrxhfr% 5
4- izFke'yksdL; vk'k;a fgUnhHkk"k;k vkÄ~XyHkk"k;k ok fy[kr&

5- v/ksfyf[krinkuka foykseinkfu fy[kr&
(d) dBksje~ & -----------------------
([k) dVq & -----------------------
(x) 'kh?kze~ & -----------------------
(?k) izkphue~ & -----------------------
(Ä) uhjl% & -----------------------
ifj;kstukdk;Ze~
ikBs¿fLeu~ oh.kk;k% ppkZ vfLrA vU;s"kka i×pok|;U=kk.kka fp=ka jpf;Rok ladyÕ; ok rs"kka
ukekfu fy[krA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
vUo; vkSj fgUnh HkkokFkZ
v;s okf.k! uohuka oh.kka fuukn;A yfyruhfryhuka xhfra e`nqa xk;A
gs ok.kh! uohu oh.kk dks ctkvks] lqUnj uhfr;ksa ls ifjiw.kZ xhr dk e/qj xku djksA
bg olUrs e/qje×tjhfi×tjhHkwrekyk% ljlk% jlkyk% ylfUrA yfyr&dksfdykdkdyhuka
dykik% (foylfUr)A v;s okf.k ! uohuka oh.kka fuukn;A
bl olUr esa e/qj e×tfj;ksa ls ihyh gks x;h ljl vke osQ o`{kksa dh ekyk lq'kksfHkr gks jgh
gSA euksgj dkdyh (cksyh] owQd) okyh dksfdyksa osQ lewg lqUnj yx jgs gSaA gs ok.kh! uohu oh.kk
dks ctkvksA
dfyUnkRetk;k% lokuhjrhjs luhjs lehjs eUneUna ogfr (lfr) ekèkqekèkohuka urka
ifÄ~Dre~ voyksD;A v;s okf.k! uohuka oh.kka fuukn;A
;equk osQ osrl yrkvksa ls f?kjs rV ij ty fcUnqvksa ls iwfjr ok;q osQ eUn eUn cgus ij iwQyksa
ls >qdh gqbZ e/qek/oh yrk dks ns[kdj] gs ok.kh! uohu oh.kk dks ctkvksA
yfyriYyos iknis iq"iiq×ts e×tqoQq ×ts ey;&ek#rksPpqfEcrs LouUrhe~ vyhuka efyuka
rfra izs{; v;s okf.k! uohuka oh.kka fuukn;A
ey;iou ls Li`"V yfyr iYyoksa okys o`{kksa] iq"iiq×tksa rFkk lqUnj oqQ×tksa ij dkys HkkSajksa dh
xq×tkj djrh gqbZ iafDr dks ns[kdj] gs ok.kh uohu oh.kk dks ctkvksA
6 'kseq"kh
ro vnhuka oh.kke~ vkd.;Z yrkuka furkUra 'kkfUr'khya lqea pysr~ unhuka dkUrlfyya
lyhye~ mPNysr~A v;s okf.k! uohuka oh.kka fuukn;A
rqEgkjh vkstfLouh oh.kk dks lqudj yrkvksa osQ furkUr 'kkUr lqeu fgy mBsa] ufn;ksa dk
euksgj ty ØhMk djrk gqvk mNy iM+sA gs ok.kh! uohu oh.kk dks ctkvksA
izLrqr xhr osQ lekukUrj xhr&
oh.kkokfnfu oj nsA
fiz; LorU=k jo ve`r eU=k uo]
Hkkjr esa Hkj nsA
oh.kkokfnfu oj ns
fgUnh osQ izfl¼ dfo ia- lw;ZdkUr f=kikBh fujkyk osQ xhr dh oqQN iafDr;k¡ ;gk¡ nh xbZ
gSa] ftuesa ljLorh ls Hkkjr osQ mRd"kZ osQ fy;s izkFkZuk dh xbZ gSA jk"Vªdfo eSfFkyh'kj.kxqIr dh
jpuk ¶Hkkjro"kZ esa xw¡ts gekjh Hkkjrh¸ Hkh ,sls gh Hkkoksa ls vksrizksr gSA
ia- tkudhoYyHk 'kkL=kh

ia- tkudh oYyHk 'kkL=kh fgUnh osQ Nk;koknh ;qx osQ dfo osQ :i esa izfl¼ gSaA ;s laLÑr osQ
jpukdkj ,oa mRÑ"V vè;srk jgsA ckY;dky esa gh 'kkL=kh th dh dkO; jpuk esa izo`fÙk cu xbZ
FkhA viuh fd'kksjkoLFkk esa gh bUgsa laLÑr dfo osQ :i esa ekU;rk izkIr gks pqdh FkhA mUuhl o"kZ
dh mez esa budh laLÑr dforkvksa dk laxzg ^dkdyh* dk izdk'ku gqvkA
'kkL=kh th us laLÑr lkfgR; esa vk/qfud fo/k dh jpukvksa dk izkjaHk fd;kA buosQ }kjk xhr]
xty] 'yksd] vkfn fo/kvksa esa fy[kh xbZ laLÑr dfork,¡ cgqr yksdfiz; gqb±A budh laLÑr
dforkvksa esa laxhrkRedrk vkSj y; dh fo'ks"krk us yksxksa ij vizfre izHkko MkykA
f}rh;% ikB%
Lo.kZdkd%
izLrqr ikB Jh in~e'kkL=kh }kjk jfpr ¶fo'odFkk'krde~¸ uked dFkklaxzg ls fy;k x;k gS]
ftlesa fofHkUu ns'kksa dh lkS yksd dFkkvksa dk laxzg gSA ;g oekZ ns'k dh ,d Js"B dFkk gS] ftlesa
yksHk vkSj mlosQ nq"ifj.kke osQ lkFk&lkFk R;kx vkSj mlosQ lqifj.kke dk o.kZu] ,d lqugys ia[kksa
okys dkSos osQ ekè;e ls fd;k x;k gSA
iqjk d¯Lef'pn~ xzkes ,dk fu/Zuk o`¼k L=kh U;olr~A rL;k'pSdk nqfgrk fouezk euksgjk
pklhr~A ,dnk ekrk LFkkY;ka r.MqykfUuf{kI; iq=khekfnns'k & lw;kZris r.Mqyku~ [kxsH;ks
j{kA fdf×pRdkyknuUrje~ ,dks fofp=k% dkd% leqîhó ; rkeqiktxkeA
8 'kseq"kh
uSrkn`'k% Lo.kZi{kks jtrp×pq% Lo.kZdkdLr;k iwo± n`"V%A ra r.Mqyku~ [kknUra

glUr×p foyksD; ckfydk jksfnrqekjC/kA ra fuokj;Urh lk izkFkZ;r~&r.Mqyku~ ek Hk{k;A
enh;k ekrk vrho fu/Zuk orZrAs Lo.kZi{k% dkd% izkos kp] ek 'kqp%A lw;ksnZ ;kRizkx~
xzkekn~cfg% fiIiyo`{keuq Ro;kxUrO;e~A vga rqH;a r.MqyewY;a nkL;kfeA izgf"kZrk ckfydk
funzkefi u ysHksA
lw;ksnZ ;kRiwoeZ os lk r=kksifLFkrkA o`{kL;ksifj foyksD; lk pk'p;Zpfdrk l×tkrk
;Ùk=k Lo.kZe;% izklknks orZrAs ;nk dkd% 'kf;Rok izc¼ q Lrnk rsu Lo.kZxok{kkRdfFkra gagks
ckys! Roekxrk] fr"B] vga RoRÑrs
lksikueorkj;kfe] rRdFk; Lo.kZe;a
jtre;eqr rkeze;a ok\ dU;k izkokspr~
vga fuèkZuekrqnfZq grk¿fLeA rkezlksikusuoS
vkxfe";kfeA ija Lo.kZlksikusu lk Lo.kZ&
HkouekllknA
fpjdkya Hkous fp=kfofp=koLrwfu
lfTtrkfu n`"V~ok lk foLe;a xrkA JkUrka
rka foyksD; dkd% izkg&iwo± y?kqikz rjk'k%
fØ;rke~&on Roa Lo.kZLFkkY;ka Hkkstua
dfj";fl ¯d ok jtrLFkkY;keqr rkezLFkkY;ke~\ ckfydk O;ktgkjrkezLFkkY;kesokga
fuèkZuk Hkkstua dfj";kfeA rnk lk dU;k pk'p;Zpfdrk l×tkrk ;nk Lo.kZdkosQu
Lo.kZLFkkY;ka Hkkstua i;Zofs "kre~A uSrkn`d~ Loknq Hkkstue|kof/ ckfydk [kkfnrorhA dkdks
czrw &s ckfyosQ! vgfePNkfe ;Ùoa loZnk pk=kSo fr"B ija ro ekrk orZrs pSdkfduhA Roa
'kh?kzeos Lox`g` a xPNA
bR;qDRok dkd% d{kkH;UrjkfÙkÏks e×tw"kk fuLlk;Z rka izR;onr~& ckfyosQ! ;FksPNa
x`gk.k e×tw"kkesdke~A y?kqreka e×tw"kka izxá ` ckfyd;k dfFkrfe;nso enh;r.Mqykuka
ewY;e~A
Lo.kZdkd% 9
x`gekxR; r;k e×tw"kk leqn?~ kkfVrk] rL;ka egkgkZf.k ghjdkf.k foyksD; lk izgf"kZrk
rfíuk¼fudk p l×tkrkA
rfLeUuso xzkes ,dk¿ijk yqC/k o`¼k U;olr~A rL;k vfi ,dk iq=kh vklhr~A bZ";Z;k
lk rL; Lo.kZdkdL; jgL;efHkKkrorhA lw;kZris r.MqykfUuf{kI; r;kfi Lolqrk j{kkFk±
fu;qDrkA rFkSo Lo.kZi{k% dkd% r.Mqyku~ Hk{k;u~ rkefi r=kSokdkj;r~A izkrLr=k xRok lk
dkoaQ fuHkZRlZ;Urh izkokspr~&Hkks uhpdkd! vgekxrk] eáa r.MqyewY;a iz;PNA
dkoQks¿czohr~&vga RoRÑrs lksikueqÙkkj;kfeA rRdFk; Lo.kZe;a jtre;a rkeze;a okA
xfoZr;k ckfyd;k izkDs re~&Lo.kZe;su lksikusukgekxPNkfe ija Lo.kZdkdLrRÑrs rkeze;a
lksikueso izk;PNr~A Lo.kZdkdLrka Hkkstuefi rkezHkktus ádkj;r~A
izfrfuo`fÙkdkys Lo.kZdkosQu d{kkH;UrjkfÙkÏks e×tw"kk% rRiqj% leqf{kIrk%A yksHkkfo"Vk
lk c`gÙkeka e×tw"kka x`ghrorhA x`gekxR; lk rf"kZrk ;kon~ e×tw"kkeqn?~ kkV;fr rkoÙkL;ka
Hkh"k.k% Ñ".kliksZ foyksfdr%A yqC/;k ckfyd;k yksHkL; iQya izkIre~A rnuUrja lk yksHka
i;ZR;tr~A
10 'kseq"kh
'kCnkFkkZ%
U;olr~ volr~ jgrk Fkk@jgrh Fkh

nqfgrk lqrk iq=kh
LFkkY;ke~ LFkkyhik=ks Fkkyh esa
[kxsH;% if{kH;% if{k;ksa ls
leqM~Mh; mRIyqR; mM+dj
miktxke lehie~ vkxroku~ ikl igq¡pk
Lo.kZi{k% Lo.kZe;% i{k% lksus dk ia[k
jtrp×pq% jtre;% p×pq% pk¡nh dh pksap
r.Mqyku~ v{krku~ pkoyksa dks
fuokj;Urh okj.ka oqQoZUrh jksdrh gqbZ
ek 'kqp% 'kksda ek oqQ# nq%[k er djks
izksokp vdFk;r~ dgk
izgf"kZrk izlUuk [kq'k gqbZ
izklkn% Hkoue~ egy
xok{kkr~ okrk;ukr~ f[kM+dh ls
lksikue~ lksikue~ lh<h
vorkj;kfe vorh.k± djksfe mrkjrk gw¡
vkllkn izkIuksr~ igq¡pk
foyksD; n`"V~ok ns[kdj
izkg mokp dgk
izkrjk'k% dY;orZ% lqcg dk uk'rk
O;ktgkj vdFk;r~ dgk
i;Zosf"kre~ i;Zos"k.ka Ñre~ ijkslk x;k
egkgkZf.k cgqewY;kfu cgqewY;
yqC/k yksHko'khHkwrk yksHkh
fuHkZRlZ;Urh HkRlZuka oqQoZUrh fuUnk djrh gqbZ
i;ZR;tr~ vR;tr~ NksM+ fn;k
Lo.kZdkd% 11
vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr&
(d) fu/Zuk;k% o`¼k;k% nqfgrk dhn`'kh vklhr~\
([k) ckfyd;k iwo± ¯d u n`"Ve~ vklhr~\
(x) #nUrha ckfydka dkd% dFke~ vk'okl;r~\
(?k) ckfydk ¯d n`"V~ok vk'p;Zpfdrk tkrk\
(Ä) ckfydk osQu lksikusu Lo.kZHkoue~ vkllkn\
(p) lk rkezLFkkyha p;uk; ¯d ro±Q nnkfr\
(N) xfoZrk ckfydk dhn`'ka lksikue~ v;kpr~ dhn`'ka p vizkIuksrA
2- (d) v/ksfyf[krkuka 'kCnkuka foykseina ikBkr~ fpRok fy[kr&
(i) i'pkr~ & ------------------------
(ii) gflrqe~ & ------------------------
(iii) v/% & ------------------------
(iv) 'osr% & ------------------------
(v) lw;kZLr% & ------------------------
(vi) lqIr% & ------------------------
([k) lfU/a oqQ#r&
(i) fu $ volr~ & ------------------------
(ii) lw;Z $ mn;% & ------------------------
(iii) o`{kL; $ mifj & ------------------------
(iv) fg $ vdkj;r~ & ------------------------
(v) p $ ,dkfduh & ------------------------
(vi) bfr $ mDRok & ------------------------
(vii) izfr $ vonr~ & ------------------------
(viii) iz $ mDre~ & ------------------------
(ix) v=k $ ,o & ------------------------
(x) r=k $ mifLFkrk & ------------------------
(xi) ;Fkk $ bPNe~ & ------------------------
12 'kseq"kh
3- LFkwyinkU;f/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&
(d) xzkes fu/Zuk L=kh volr~A
([k) Lo.kZdkoaQ fuokj;Urh ckfydk izkFkZ;r~A
(x) lw;ksZn;kr~ iwoeZ so ckfydk r=kksifLFkrkA
(?k) ckfydk fu/Zuekrq%nqfgrk vklhr~A
(Ä) yqC/k o`¼k Lo.kZdkdL; jgL;efHkKkrorhA
4- izÑfr&izR;;&la;ksxa oqQ#r (ikBkr~ fpRok ok fy[kr)&
(d) gl~ $ 'kr` & ------------------------
([k) Hk{k~ $ 'kr` & ------------------------
(x) fo $ yksÑ $ Y;i~ & ------------------------
(?k) fu $ f{ki~ $ Y;i~ & ------------------------
(Ä) vk $ xe~ $ Y;i~ & ------------------------
(p) n`'k~ $ DRok & ------------------------
(N) 'kh $ DRok & ------------------------
(t) o`¼ $ Vki~ & ------------------------
(>) lqr $ Vki~ & ------------------------
(×k) y?kq $ rei~ & ------------------------
5- izÑfrizR;;&foHkkxa oqQ#r&
(d) glUre~ & ------------------------
([k) jksfnrqe~ & ------------------------
(x) o`¼k & ------------------------
(?k) Hk{k;u~ & ------------------------
(Ä) n`"V~ok & ------------------------
(p) foyksD; & ------------------------
(N) fuf{kI; & ------------------------
(t) vkxR; & ------------------------
(>) 'kf;Rok & ------------------------
(×k) lqrk & ------------------------
(V) y?kqree~ & ------------------------
Lo.kZdkd% 13
6- v/ksfyf[krkfu dFkukfu d%@dk] da@dka p dFk;fr&

dFkukfu d%@dk da@dke~
(d) iwo± izkrjk'k% fØ;krke~ ------------------ ------------------
([k) lw;kZris r.Mqyku~ [kxsH;ks j{k ------------------ ------------------
(x) r.Mqyku~ ek Hk{k; ------------------ ------------------
(?k) vga rqH;a r.MqyewY;a nkL;kfe ------------------ ------------------
(Ä) Hkks uhpdkd! vgekxrk] eáa r.MqyewY;a iz;PN ------------------ ------------------
7- mnkgj.keuql`R; dks"Bdxrs"kq ins"kq i×pehfoHkDrs% iz;ksxa ÑRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& ew"kd% fcykn~ cfg% fuxZPNfrA (fcy)
(d) tu% ------------------- cfg% vkxPNfrA (xzke)
([k) u|% ------------------- fuLljfUrA (ioZr)
(x) ------------------- i=kkf.k irfUrA (o`{k)
(?k) ckyd% ------------------- foHksfrA (¯lg)
(Ä) bZ'oj% ------------------- =kk;rsA (Dys'k)
(p) izHkq% HkDra ------------------- fuokj;frA (iki)
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
ys[kd ifjp; & bl dFkk osQ ys[kd in~e 'kkL=kh gSaA ;s lkfgR;k;qosZnkpk;Z] dkO;rhFkZ]
lkfgR;jRu] f'k{kk'kkL=kh vkSj jfl;u fMIyksek vkfn mikf/;ksa ls Hkwf"kr gSaA bUgsa fo|kHkw"k.k
o vk'kqdfo ekun mikf/;k¡ Hkh izkIr gSaA bUgsa lksfo;r Hkwfe usg: iqjLdkj lfefr vkSj
jktLFkku lkfgR; vdkneh }kjk Lo.kZind izkIr gSA budh vusd jpuk,¡ gSa] ftuesa oqQN izeq[k
fuEufyf[kr gSa &
1- flusek'krde~ 2- LojkT;e~ [k.MdkO;e~
3- ysfuuke`re~ egkdkO;e~ 4- enh;k lksfo;r ;k=kk
5- i|i×prU=ke~ 6- cÄy õ kns'kfot;%
7- yksdrU=kfot;% 8- fo'odFkk'krde~
9- pk;'krde~ 10- egkohjpfjrke`re~
14 'kseq"kh
1- Hkkf"kd&foLrkj & ¶fdlh Hkh dke dks djosQ¸ bl vFkZ esa ^DRok* izR;; dk iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA
;Fkk& ifBRok & iB~ $ DRok ¾ i<+dj
xRok & xe~ $ DRok ¾ tkdj
[kkfnRok & [kkn~ $ DRok ¾ [kkdj
blh vFkZ esa vxj /krq (fØ;k) ls igys milxZ gksrk gS rks Y;i~ izR;; dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
/krq ls iwoZ milxZ gksus dh fLFkfr esa dHkh Hkh ^DRok* izR;; dk iz;ksx ugha gks ldrk vkSj
milxZ u gksus dh fLFkfr esa dHkh Hkh Y;i~ izR;; ugha gks ldrk gSA
;Fkk& mi $ xe~ $ Y;i~ ¾ mixE;
le~ $ iwt~ $ Y;i~ ¾ lEiwT;
fo $ yksÑ (yksd) $ Y;i~ ¾ foyksD;
vk $ nk $ Y;i~ ¾ vknk;
fuj~ $ xe~ $ Y;i~ ¾ fuxZR;
2- iz'uokpd 'kCnksa dks vfu'p;okpd cukus osQ fy, fpr~ vkSj pu fuikrksa dk iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA ;s fuikr tc loZukeinksa osQ lkFk yxrs gSa rks loZuke in gksrs gSa vkSj tc vO;;
inksa osQ lkFk iz;qDr gksrs gSa rks vO;; gksrs gSaA
;Fkk& d% ¾ dkSu
d% $ pu ¾ d'pu ¾ dksbZ d% $ fpr~ ¾ df'pr~ ¾ dksbZ
osQ $ pu ¾ osQpu dksbZ (cgqopu esa) osQ $ fpr~ ¾ osQfpr~ (cgqopu esa)
dk $ pu ¾ dkpu (dksbZ L=kh) dk $ fpr~ ¾ dkfpr~ (dksbZ L=kh)
dk% $ pu ¾ dk'pu (oqQN fL=k;k¡ cgqopu) dk% $ fpr~ ¾ dkf'pr~ (oqQN
fL=k;k¡ cgqopu esa)
fde~ 'kCn osQ lHkh opuksa] fyaxksa o lHkh foHkfDr;ksa esa fpr~ vkSj pu dk iz;ksx fd;k tk
ldrk gS vkSj mls vfu'p;okpd cuk;k tk ldrk gSA tSls &
1- fdf×pr~ izFkek esa
2- osQufpr~ r`rh;k esa
3- osQ"kkf×pr~ (osQ"kke~ $ fpr~) "k"Bh esa
4- dfLeaf'pr~ lIreh esa
5- dL;kf×pr~ lIreh (L=khfyÄõ es)a
Lo.kZdkd% 15
blh rjg fpr~ osQ LFkku ij pu dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA fpr~ vkSj pu tc vO;;inksa esa yx
tkrs gSa rks os vO;; gks tkrs gSaA tSls &
Dofpr~ Dopu
dnkfpr~ dnkpu
3- laLÑr esa ,d ls prqj (pkj) rd la[;kokph 'kCn iqafYyÄõ] L=khfyÄõ] rFkk uiqald fyÄõ
esa vyx&vyx :iksa esa gksrs gSa ij i×p (ik¡p) ls mudk :i lHkh fyÄõksa esa ,d lk gksrk
gSA
iqafYyÄõ L=khfyÄõ uiqaldfyÄõ
,d% ,dk ,de~
}kS }s }s
=k;% frÏ% =khf.k
pRokj% prÏ% pRokfj
4- orZekudkfyd fØ;k osQ vFkZ esa /krq osQ lkFk 'kr` vkSj 'kkup~ izR;; dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA 'kr`
izR;; ijLeSinh /krqvksa osQ lkFk o 'kkup~ izR;; vkReusinh /krqvksa osQ lkFk iz;qDRk gksrs gSaA
;Fkk& [kkn~ $ 'kr` & [kknu~@[kknr~ lso~ $ 'kkup~ & lsoeku%
xe~ $ 'kr` & xPNu~@xPNr~ eqn~ $ 'kkup~ & eksneku%
iB~ $ 'kr` & iBu~@iBr~ yHk~ $ 'kkup~ & yHkeku%
gl~ $ 'kr` & glu~@glr~ czq $ 'kkup~ &czqok.k%
buosQ :i bl izdkj pyrs gSa&
iaqfYyÄõ
,dopu f}opu cgqopu
xPNu~ xPNUrkS xPNUr%
xPNUre~ xPNUrkS xPNr%
xPNrk xPNn~H;ke~ xPNf‰%
xPNrs xPNn~H;ke~ xPNn~H;%
xPNr% xPNn~H;ke~ xPNn~H;%
xPNr% xPNrks% xPNrke~
xPNfr xPNrks% xPNRlq
16 'kseq"kh
L=khfyÄõ
xPNUrh xPNUR;kS xPNUR;%
xPNUrhe~ xPNUR;kS xPNUrh%
xPNUR;k xPNUrhH;ke~ xPNUrhfHk%
xPNUR;S xPNUrhH;ke~ xPNUrhH;%
xPNUR;k% xPNUrhH;ke~ xPNUrhH;%
xPNUR;k% xPNUR;ks% xPNUrhuke~
xPNUR;ke~ xPNUR;ks% xPNUrh"kq
uiqald fyÄõ esa

xPNr~ xPNrh xPNfUr
xPNr~ xPNrh xPNfUr
'ks"k iaqfYyÄõor~
5- rji~ vkSj rie~ izR;;ksa esa rj vkSj re 'ks"k cprk gSA
;Fkk & cyor~ $ rji~ & cyoÙkj
y?kq $ rei~ & y?kqre
;s rqyukokph izR;; gSA buosQ mnkgj.k ns[ksa &
y?kq y?kqrj y?kqre
egr egÙkj egÙke
Js"B Js"Brj Js"Bre
e/qj e/qjrj e/qjre
xq# xq#rj xq#re
rhoz rhozrj rhozre
fiz; fiz;rj fiz;re
vè;srO;% xzUFk%&
fo'odFkk'krde~ (Hkkx};e~] 1987] 1988 in~e 'kkL=kh] nsoukxj izdk'ku] t;iqj)
r`rh;% ikB%
lkseizHke~
izLrqr ikB izks- jk/koYyHk f=kikBh }kjk jfpr îzs{k.klIrde~* uked ukV~;&laxzg ls lEikfnr
dj fy;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ ngst izFkk osQ fuUnuh; :i dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA viuh ekrk dh j{kk
osQ fy, ckfydk lkseizHkk }kjk fd;k x;k iz;kl fo'ks"k :i ls mYys[kuh; gSA
(rr% izfr'kfr djrykH;ka p{kq"kh ektZ;Urh i×po"kZn's kh;k ckfydk lkseizHkk)
foeyk & v;s tkxfjrk! RojLo rkor~A ifjgh;rs fo|ky;xeuosykA
lkseizHkk & vEc! v| u xfe";kfe fo|ky;e~A
foeyk & (gLrsu lkseizHkka x`ghRok) v;s fdesrr~ dFk;flA fo|ky;Lrq xUrO; ,o
izfrfnue~A
(lkseizHkk;k% izLFkkue~)
'oJw% & foeys! vf; nq"Vs! oqQ=k e`rkfl\ fd;r% dkykr~ 'kCnki;kfe\
foeyk & (ld#.ka fu'kE;) b;a ee 'oJw% lnSo eeZ?kkfrfHk% dVqopuSjkf{kifr
eke~A (mPpS% Lojs.k) vEc! b;ekxPNkfeA ¯d dj.kh;e~\ (ifjØkefr)A
(rr% izfo'kfr lkVksia dksia fu:i;Urh 'oJw%)
foeyk & vEc! fdekfn'kfl\
'oJw% & (foMEc;Urh) fdekfn'kfl\ fdfenkuhefi egknsO;k% izHkkrdkyks u l×tkr%\
foeyk & izkr%dkfyoaQ dk;Ztkreso lEikn;kfeA
'oJw% & izkr%dkfyoaQ dk;Ztkra lEikn;flA bnkuhefi pk;is;L; ukfLr dkfi
dFkkA ro firk vkxR; lk/f;";fr ¯d pk;a --- ;su dkfd.kh vfi u
nÙkk ---
foeyk & ee firìkne~ fdeFk± dnFkZ;fl vEc! ;fRdefi dFkuh;a eka izR;so dFk;A
'oJw% & (lHkzHw kÄaõ lHkqt{ksia p) (v;~ g;~) kÜ .` kqr vL;k% nq"Vk;k% v/jksÙkje~A
,rkokuso fiz;ks ;fn firk rfgZ r=kSo xRok dFka u e`rk firqxgZ` s ---\
18 'kseq"kh
foeyk & l rq eka usreq kxr% Jko.ks foxrsA HkorhfHkjso ---

'oJw% & vf; nq"Vs! osruL; xoZenq o~ gfl\ vfrek=ka xfoZrkfl f=kpqrj% i.kdkutZf;Rok
vku;lhR;srus A fu"Bhoua djksfe ro i.kosQ"kqA Fkq%! ¯d eU;ls Roe~ vtZf;Rok
/ueku;fl\ ¯d ro /ua rr~\ ro firk ;koUra ;kSrdjkf'ka izfrKkroku~
rkorks¿/Zeos lefiZ
a roku~A
foeyk & vgks u`'kalrk ;q"ekde~A vgks yksyiq rk ---
'oJw% & v;s! ,rkokaLro lkgle~ Roa ekekf{kiflA us=ks n'kZ;fl eke~A
('olqj% izfo';)
'olqj% & ¯d tkre~\~ dks¿;a dygkMEcj% izkr% dkyknso\ izkr%dkfyoaQ pk;eihnkuha
;koUu yC/e~ ---
'oJw% & dk dFkk pk;ikuL;A =kksfVrkfu vu;k nq"V;k pk;HkktukfuA u e;k fdefi
Hkf.kre~] rFkkfi vf/f{kifr ekfe;e~A o;a u`'kalk%] o;a yksyiq k%] o;a
jk{klk%A
'olqj% & ,rRlo± dfFkreu;k\
foeyk & u e;Srr~ dfFkra fir%!
'oJw% & i';r i';r vL;k nkSjkRE;a nqHkZxk;k%A ¯d ¯d nq"ÑR;fe;a u djksfr\
lEeq[keso izR;qÙkjefi nnkfr] ftàka pky;rh;a eRle{ke~A
'olqj% & (lØks/e~) vgks vL;k nqLlkgle~!
('olqj% 'oJw'p rka u i';r% mHkkS lØkS;± lfgaÏHkkoa foeyka fuHkky;UrkS
rkeqiliZr%A lkseizHkk izfo'; ,rr~ i';fr)
foeyk & vEc! fir%! u e;k fdefi vijk¼a lR;su 'kikfeA fdfefr ;w;a ekesoa
i';Fk\ ufg] ufg] u eka rkMf;rqegZfUr HkoUr% --- A (mHkkS ft?kkal;k
cykn~ foeyka x`ghRok izèk"kZ;r%)
lkseizHkk & (Hk;xzLrsukfreUnLojs.k) & vEc --- vEc ---
('olqjkS rkei';UrkS foeyka d"kZr%)
lkseizHke~ 19
'oJw% & u;r ,uka egkule~ b;a r=kSo ToyrqA

(lkseizHkk lglk iz/koUrh fu"ØkefrA foeyk vkRe=kk.kk; lizk.ki.ka
iz;rrs] usiF;s xh;rs)
{k.ks {k.ks izo/Zrs /uk; fgaÏrk [kyS&

foZyksI;rs¿frfunZ;a p tUrqfHkeZu"q ;rkA
foHkkftra txn~f}/k fugU;rs p ?kkroSQ&
jrho nSU;ekxrkfLr lk/qrk euq";rkAA
(foeyk;kLrhoz'phRdkj%A iq#"kfujh{kosQ.k lg lkseizHkk izfo'kfr)
iq#"kfujh{kd% & (mil`R;) gs! ¯d fØ;rs] ¯d izpyR;=k\ eq×pr ,uke~A
'oJw% & (lEHkzee~) egkHkkx! u fdeI;R;kfgre~A b;eLekda lkèoh Luq"kk
#X.kk orZrAs ,ukeqipjke%A
20 'kseq"kh
fujh{kd% & mipkj% fØ;rs! ;qo;ks#ipkjega dfj";sA loZega tkukfeA (lkseizHkka fufnZ';)
lo± fuosfnreu;k ckfyd;kA
('oJw% 'olqj'p foeyka eq×pr%)
foeyk & (ld"Va lkseizHkkeqil`R;) & iqf=k! Roe~ --- dFka Rofeg ---
lkseizHkk & vEc! ee mikugkS =kqfVrkS] iqLrde×tw"kk p =kqfVrsfr vè;kfidk eka
d{kk;k fu"dkflrorhA Ro;k mDreklhr~ & fo|ky;kn~ x` g es o
vfoyEcekxUrO;e~A vrks¿ga x`gekxrk (jksfnfr)
foeyk & ek jksnh% iqfË! loZeiq iUua Hkfo";frA
lkseizHkk & v=kkxR; e;k n`"Va ;r~ firkeg% firkegh p Roka ekj;r%A vrks¿ga èkkoa
èkkoa LFkkuoaQ xrkA iq#"k& fujh{kdk; e;k fuosfnre~ ---
foeyk & (lok"ia lxn~xna d.BekfyÄ~X; lkseizHkke~) Ro;k vga =kkrkA egr%
lÄïVkr~ Roa ekeqn/~ r` orhA fiz;a Ñra Ro;k esA
lkseizHke~ 21
'kCnkFkkZ%
p{kq"kh us=ks nksuksa vk¡[ksa
ektZ;Urh ektZua oqQoZUrh lkiQ djrh gqbZ
RojLo 'kh?kzrka oqQ# 'kh?kzrk djks
ifjgh;rs foyEcks Hkofr nsj gks jgh gS
'oJw% lkl
'olqj% 'olqj
'kCnki;kfe vkdkj;kfe vkokt nsrh gw¡ @ nsrk gw¡
vkf{kifr vk{ksia djksfr rkuk ns jgh gS
eeZ?kkfrfHk% eeZ gfUr bfr eeZHksnh ('kCnksa ls)
eeZ?kkrh rS% eeZ?kkfrfHk%
lkVksie~ xos.Z k lfgre~ xoZ fn[kkrh gqbZ
dksie~ Øks/e~ Øks/ dksA
dnFkZ;fl fuUn;fl fuUnk djrh gks
i.kdku~ iSls
fu"Bhoue~ FkwRÑre~ Fkwduk
;kSrdjkf'ke~ dU;k'kqYde~ ngst dh jkf'k
u`'kalrk funZ;rk funZ;rk
yksyqirk yksHkizo`fÙk% yksHk dh izo`fÙk
=kksfVrkfu Hkf×trkfu rksM+ Mkyk x;k
Hkktukfu ik=kkf.k ik=k ( crZu)
Hkf.kre~ dfFkre~ dgk x;k
nkSjkRE;e~ nq"VkReRoe~ nq"Vrk
lØkS;Ze~ lu`'kalRoe~ ozwQjrk osQ lkFk
ft?kkal;k gUrqe~ bPNk ft?kkalk ekjus dh bPNk ls
r;k ft?kkal;k
fuHkky;UrkS i';UrkS ns[krs gq, (nks)
izèk"kZ;r% la?kêð;r% [khaprs gSa
d"kZr% izlg~; u;r% cyiwod Z ys tkrs gSa
egkule~ ikd'kkyke~ jlksbZ ?kj esa
22 'kseq"kh
[kyS% nq"VS% nq"Vksa }kjk
eq×pr R;tr NksM+ks
vR;kfgre~ vfgre~ vdjoe~ vfgr fd;k
Luq"kk iq=ko/w% cgw
#X.kk vLoLFkk chekj
mikugkS in=kk.ks twrs (nks)
e×tw"kk fiVde~ isVh (cSx)
miiUue~ mfpre~ lgh] Bhd&Bkd
firkeg% fir`tud% nknk
firkegh fir`tuuh nknh
LFkkude~ jf{kLFkkue~ Fkkuk
vH;kl%
(d) vè;kfidk lkseizHkka d{kk;k% fdeFk± fu"dkflrorh\
([k) fo|ky;kr~ x`ge~ vkxR; lk (lkseizHkk) fde~ vi';r~\
(x) foeyk;k% 'olqj% 'oJw% p rke~ oqQ=k fdeFkZ×p u;r%\
(?k) lkseizHkk dFke~ ekrq% =kk.ke~ vdjksr~\
(Ä) lkseizHkk;k% vk;q% dfr o"kkZf.k vklhr~\
(p) vfLeu~ ukVosQ iq#"kfujh{kdL; (vkjf{k.k%) drZO;ijk;.krk of.kZrk¿fLr Hkz"Vkpkjijk;.krk
ok\
2- fuEufyf[krL; 'yksdL; vk'k;a fgUnhHkk"k;k vkÄ~XyHkk"k;k ok fy[kr&
{k.ks&{k.ks izo/Zrs /uk; fgaÏrk[kyS&
foZyksI;rs¿frfunZ;a p tUrqfHkeZuq";rkA
foHkkftra txn~f}èkk fugU;rs p ?kkroSQ&
jrho nSU;ekxrk¿fLr lk/qrk euq";rkAA
3- (d) v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka i;kZ;ina ikBkr~ fpRok fy[kr&
(i) iq=ko/w & ----------------------------
(ii) in=kk.ks & ----------------------------
lkseizHke~ 23
(iii) ikd'kkyke~ & ----------------------------

(iv) 'kh?kza oqQ# & ----------------------------
(v) ik=kkf.k & ----------------------------
(vi) gUrqe~ bPNk & ----------------------------
([k) lfU/a oqQ#r&
(i) dyg $ vkMEcj% & ----------------------------
(ii) izpyfr $ vË & ----------------------------
(iii) u $ vfLr & ----------------------------
(iv) izfr $ ,o & ----------------------------
(v) e;k $ ,rr~ & ----------------------------
(vi) r=k $ ,o & ----------------------------
4- mnkgj.keuql`R; izÑfrizR;;la;ksxa oqQ#r&

;Fkk& vk $ xe~ $ Y;i~ & vkxR;
le~ $ iwt~ $ Y;i~ & lEiwT;
(d) vfHk $ xe~ $ Y;i~ & ----------------------------
([k) fo $ gk $ Y;i~ & ----------------------------
(x) fuj~ $ xe~ $ Y;i~ & ----------------------------
(?k) fo $ gl~ $ Y;i~ & ----------------------------
(Ä) iz $ Dyì~ (Ñi~) $ Y;i~ & ----------------------------
(p) le~ $ cq/~ $ Y;i~ & ----------------------------
5- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq milxZina fpuqr&
(d) ifjgh;rs & ---------------------------- ([k) l×tkr% & ----------------------------
(x) vf/f{kifr & ---------------------------- (?k) izR;qÙkje~ & ----------------------------
(Ä) izo/Zrs & ---------------------------- (p) foyksI;rs & ----------------------------
(N) mipjke% & ---------------------------- (t) mn~/`rorh & ----------------------------
24 'kseq"kh
(d) v| fo|ky;e~ u xfe";kfeA
([k) vu;k nq"V;k pk;Hkktukfu =kksfVrkfuA
(x) foeyk vkRe=kk.kk; iz;rrsA
(?k) Roe~ lÄïVkr~ eke~ mn~èk`rorhA
(Ä) Roe~ osruL; xoZe~ mn~ogflA
7- ?kVukØekuqlkja okD;kfu iqu% fy[kr &
(d) lkseizHkk vkjf{k.k% lehie~ vxPNr~A
([k) foeyk;k% 'oJw% rke~ dVqopuS% vkf{kifrA
(x) lk vkRe=kk.kk; iz;Rua djksfrA
(?k) foeyk;k% 'oJw% 'olqj% p rke~ Tokyf;rqe~ egkula u;r%A
(Ä) iq#"kfujh{kd% lkseizHk;k lg vkxPNfr rL;k% =kk.ka djksfrA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
ifjp;&vokZphu laLÑr lkfgR; esa vusd jpukdkj viuh jpukvksa osQ ekè;e ls lkekftd
folaxfr;ksa dk mn~?kkVu djrs gq, vU;k;] 'kks"k.k vkSj neu osQ izfrdkj osQ fy, vkàku dj jgs
gSaA fL=k;ksa ij gksus okys vR;kpkj vkSj ukjh LokrU=; osQ Hkko dk fp=k.k vfHkjkt jktsUnz feJ
osQ ,dkadh ukVd ôS/s;foØee~* esa feyrk gS tks muosQ ,dkadh laxzg ^prq"iFkh;e~* esa
izdkf'kr gSA gfjnÙk 'kekZ dk ,dkadh ô/wngue~* (f=kirkde~] 1987 esa ladfyr) Hkh blh
leL;k ij osQfUnzr gSA jkèkkoYyHk f=kikBh dh turkygjh] jksfVdkygjh vkfn dkO; rFkk
izs{k.k& lIrde~ osQ vU; ,dkadh Hkh bl n`f"V ls iBuh; gSaA
izks- jk/koYyHk f=kikBh dk tUe 15 iQjojh 1949 bZ- dks eè;izns'k osQ jktx<+ tuin esa
gqvkA vki MkW- gjhflag xkSj fo'ofo|ky; osQ laLÑr foHkkx esa vkpk;Z ,oa foHkkxkè;{k gSaA
vkèkqfud laLÑr lkfgR; esa vkidk eguh; ;ksxnku gSA
Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%
'kCnki;kfe & ¶vkdkj;kfe¸ & cqykrk gw¡ & bl vFkZ esa 'kCnki;kfe 'kCn vk;k gSA fgUnh esa
bldk cM+k vPNk iz;ksx gS & ^vkokt nsrk gw¡A*
firìkne~ & ik /krq esa r`p~ izR;; tqM+us ls firk 'kCn cukA ikfr&j{kfr bfr firk vFkkZr~ tks
j{kk djrk gS og firk gSA vknj osQ fy, ikne~ 'kCn tksM+dj firìkne~ 'kCn
curk gS ftldk vFkZ gS iwT; firkthA
lkseizHke~ 25
u`'kalrk & u` $ 'kl~ $ v.k~ & u`'kal 'kCn cuk vkSj bldh Hkkookpd laKk u`'kalrk gSA
bldk vFkZ gS funZ;rk & dBksjrk] ozwQjrkA
vkRe=kk.kk; & vius =kk.k osQ fy, & vius cpko osQ fy,A =kS $ Dr vkSj ^r* dk uRo@.kRo
gksus ij =kk.ke~ 'kCn curk gSA vkReu% Ëk.kk; & ;gk¡ "k"Bh rRiq#"k lekl gSA
fujh{kosQ.k & fuj~ $ bZ{k~ $ Y;qV~ esa ^v* djosQ fujh{kd 'kCn curk gS ftldk vFkZ gS ns[kus
okyk] fopkj djus okyk] voyksdu djus okykA blesa r`rh;k foHkfDr dk
iz;ksx gksus ij fujh{kosQ.k 'kCn cukA
lkèoh & lk/q 'kCn esa Ähi~ izR;; djosQ lkèoh 'kCn fu"iUu gksrk gSA bldk vFkZ
gS&lrh L=kh ;k ifrozrk L=khA
mipkj% & ^mi* milxZ iwoZd pj~ /krq ls ?k×k~ izR;; djus ij mipkj% 'kCn fu"iÂ gksrk
gS ftldk vFkZ gS & lsok & 'kqJw"kk] lRdkj] fpfdRlk vkfnA
fu"dkflrorh & ful~ milxZiwoZd ^dl~ /krq ls f.kp~ vkSj Drorq izR;; ls fu"dkflroku~ 'kCn
cukA L=khfyÄõ esa ;gh fu"dkflrorh gks x;kA
lkVksie~ & (lg vkVksius ) & ?keaM esa Hkjk gqvk ;k iQwyk gqvkA gsdM+h osQ lkFk] vdM+dj]
bBykdj ;k jksc osQ lkFk tc vkMEcjiwod Z dksbZ ckr dgh tkrh gS rks mls
lkVksi dFku dgrs gSAa
1- fuEuizdkj osQ mnkgj.k ns[ksa] le>sa o ;kn djsa&
gUrqe~ bPNk ft?kaklk
ikrqe~ bPNk fiiklk
HkksDrqe~ bPNk cqHkq{kk
Kkrqe~ bPNk ftKklk
drqZe~ bPNk fpdh"kkZ
Jksrqe~ bPNk 'kqJw"kk
nz"Vqe~ bPNk fnn`{kk
2- fo'ks"k%&
z LoHkk"kk;ka lekukFkZdiz;ksxEkfUo";r&ftàka pky;frA
z pk;is;L; ukfLr dk¿fi dFkkA
z fdfenkuha egknsO;k% izHkkrdkyks u l×tkr%A
z vgks ,rkokaLro lkgl%A
vè;srO;% xzUFk%&
prq"iFkh;e~& vfHkjkt jktsUnzfeJ%] oSt;Ur izdk'ku] bykgkcknA
prqFkZ% ikB%
dYir#%
izLrqr ikB ôsrkyi×pfoa'kfr%* uked dFkk laxzg ls fy;k x;k gS] ftlesa euksj×td ,oe~
vk'p;Ztud ?kVukvksa osQ ekè;e ls thouewY;ksa dk fu:i.k fd;k x;k gSA bl dFkk esa
thewrokgu vius iwoZtksa osQ dky ls x`gks|ku esa vkjksfir dYio`{k ls lkalkfjd nzO;ksa dks u ek¡xdj
lalkj osQ izkf.k;ksa osQ nq%[kksa dks nwj djus dk ojnku ek¡xrk gS D;ksafd /u rks ikuh dh ygj osQ
leku papy gS] osQoy ijksidkj gh bl lalkj dk loksZRÑ"V rFkk fpjLFkk;h rÙo gSA
vfLr fgeoku~ uke loZjRuHkwfeuZxUs nz%A rL; lkuks#ifj foHkkfr d×puiqja uke uxje~A
r=k thewrosQrqfjfr Jheku~ fo|k/jifr% olfr LeA rL; x`gks|kus oqQyØekxr% dYir#%
fLFkr%A l jktk thewrosQrq% ra dYir#e~ vkjkè; rRizlknkr~ p cksf/lRoka'klEHkoa
thewrokgua uke iq=ka izkIuksrA~ l egku~ nkuohj% loZHkwrkuqdEih p vHkor~A rL; xq.kS%
izlUu% LolfpoS'p izfs jr% jktk dkysu lEizkIr;kSoua ra ;kSojkT;s¿fHkf"kDroku~A ;kSojkT;s
fLFkr% l thewrokgu% dnkfpr~ fgrSf"kfHk% firèfU=kfHk% mDr% & ¶;qojkt! ;ks¿;a
loZdken% dYir#% roks|kus fr"Bfr l ro lnk iwT;%A vfLeu~ vuqoQw ys fLFkrs
'kØks¿fi ukLeku~ ckf/raq 'kDuq;kr~¸ bfrA
vkd.;SrZ r~ thewrokgu% vUrjfpUr;r~ & ¶vgks cr! bZn'` keejiknia izkI;kfi iwo%ZS
iq#"kSjLekda rkn`'ka iQya fdefi uklkfnra fdUrq osQoya oSQf'pnso Ñi.kS% df'pnfi
vFkks¿Z fFkZr%A rngeLekr~ euksjFkeHkh"Va lk/;kfe¸ bfrA ,oekyksP; l firqjfUrdekxPNr~A
vkxR; p lq[keklhua firjesdkUrs U;osn;r~& ¶rkr! Roa rq tkukfl ,o ;nfLeu~
lalkjlkxjs vk'kjhjfena lo± /ua ohfpoPp×pye~A ,d% ijksidkj ,okfLeu~ lalkjs¿u'oj%
;ks ;qxkUri;ZUra ;'k% izlrw As rnLekfHkjhn`'k% dYir#% fdeFk± j{;rs\ ;S'p iwojZS ;a êe
ee* bfr vkxzg.s k jf{kr%] rs bnkuha oqQ=k xrk%\ rs"kka dL;k;e~\ vL; ok osQ rs\ rLekr~
ijksidkjSdiQyfl¼;s RonkK;k bea dYiiknie~ vkjk/;kfeA
dYir#% 27
vFk fi=kk ^rFkk* bfr vH;uqKkr% l thewrokgu% dYir#e~ mixE; mokp &
¶nso! Ro;k vLeRiwo"Zs kke~ vHkh"Vk% dkek% iwfjrk%] rUeeSda dkea iwj;A ;Fkk i`Fohenfjnzka
i';kfe] rFkk djksrq nso** bfrA ,oaokfnfu thewrokgus ^^R;DrLRo;k ,"kks¿ga ;krks¿fLe¸
bfr oko~Q rLekr~ rjks#nHkwrA~
{k.ksu p l dYir#% fnoa leqRiR; Hkqfo rFkk olwfu vo"kZr~ ;Fkk u dks¿fi nqxrZ
vklhr~A rrLrL; thewrokguL; loZthokuqdEi;k loZ=k ;'k% izfFkre~A
28 'kseq"kh
'kCnkFkkZ%
vnfjnzke~ nfjnzghuke~ nfjnzrk ls jfgr vFkkZr~ lEiUu
fgeoku~ fgeky;% fgeky;
uxsUnz% ioZrjkt% ioZrksa dk jktk
lkuks% f'k[kjL; f'k[kj osQ] pksVh osQ
oqQyØekxr% oqQyØekn~ vkxr% oqQy&ijEijk ls
oqQyijEij;k lEizkIr% izkIr gqvk
;kSojkT;s ;qojktins ;qojkt osQ in ij
'kØ% bUnz% bUnz
vfFkZr% ;kfpr% ek¡xk
vfUrde~ lehie~ ikl esa
ohfpor~ rjÄoõ r~ rjÄõ dh rjg
vH;uqKkr% vuqer% vuqefr ik;k gqvk
vfFkZus ;kpdk; ek¡xus okys osQ fy,] fHk[kkjh
osQ fy,
fnoe~ LoxZe~ LoxZ
olwfu /ukfu /u
mixE; lehia xRok Ikkl esa tkdj
nqxZr% nqxfZ re~ vkiUu% ihfM+r] fu/Zu
loZthokuqdEi;k loZthosH;%Ñi;k lHkh thoksa osQ izfr Ñik ls
izfFkre~ izfl¼e~ izfl¼ gks x;k
vH;kl%
(d) d×puiqja uke uxja oqQ=k foHkkfr Le\
([k) thewrosQrq% ¯d fopk;Z thewrokgua ;kSojkT;s vfHkf"kDroku~\
(x) dYirjks% oSf'k"V~;ekd.;Z thewrokgu% fde~ vfpUr;r~\
(?k) ikBkuqlkja lalkjs¿fLeu~ ¯d ¯d u'oje~ fd×p vu'oje~\
(Ä) thewrokguL; ;'k% loZ=k dFka izfFkre~\
dYir#% 29
2- v/ksfyf[krokD;s"kq LFkwyinkfu dLeS iz;qDrkfu\

(d) rL; lkuks#ifj foHkkfr d×puiqja uke uxje~A
([k) jktk lEizkIr;kSoua ra ;kSojkT;s vfHkf"kDroku~\
(x) v;a ro lnk iwT;%A
(?k) rkr! Roa rq tkukfl ;r~ /ua ohfpoPp×pye~A
3- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka i;kZ;ina ikBkr~ fpRok fy[kr &
(d) ioZr% & -------------------------- ([k) Hkwifr% & --------------------------
(x) bUnz% & -------------------------- (?k) /ue~ & --------------------------
(Ä) bfPNre~ & -------------------------- (p) lehie~ & --------------------------
(N) /fj=khe~ & -------------------------- (t) dY;k.ke~ & --------------------------
(>) ok.kh & -------------------------- (×k) o`{k% & --------------------------
4- ^d* LrEHks fo'ks"k.kkfu ^[k* LrEHks p fo'ks";kf.k nÙkkfuA rkfu leqfpra ;kst;r&
^d* LrEHk ^[k* LrEHk
oqQyØekxr% ijksidkj%
nkuohj% efU=kfHk%
fgrSf"kfHk% thewrokgu%
ohfpoPp×pye~ dYir#%
vu'oj% /ue~
5- (d) ¶LofLr rqH;e~¸ LofLr 'kCnL; ;ksxs prqFkhZ foHkfDr% HkofrA bR;usu fu;esu
v=k prqFkhZ foHkfDr% iz;qDrkA ,oeso (dks"Bdxrs"kq ins"kq) prqFkh± foHkfDra
iz;qT; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(i) LofLr ---------------------- (jktk)
(ii) LofLr ---------------------- (iztk)
(iii) LofLr ---------------------- (Nk=k)
(iv) LofLr ---------------------- (loZtu)
([k) dks"Bdxrs"kq ins"kq "k"Bha foHkfDra iz;qT; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(i) rL; ------------- m|kus dYir#% vklhr~A (x`g)
(ii) l% ------------- vfUrde~ vxPNr~A (fir`)
30 'kseq"kh
(iii) ------------- loZ=k ;'k% izfFkre~ (thewrokgu)
(iv) v;a ------------- r#%\ (fde~)
(d) rjks% Ñi;k l% iq=ke~ vizkIuksr~A
([k) l% dYirjos U;osn;r~A
(x) /uo`"V~;k dks¿fi nfjnz% ukfr"Br~A
(?k) dYir#% i`fFkO;ka /ukfu vo"kZr~A
(Ä) thokuqdEi;k thewrokguL; ;'k% izkljr~A
7- (d) ;FkkLFkkua lekla foxzga p oqQ#r&
(i) fo|k/jk.kka ifr% ---------------------
(ii) ---------------------------------- x`gks|kus
(iii) uxkuke~ bUnz% --------------------------
(iv) -------------------------------- ijksidkj%
(v) thokuke~ vuqdEi;k ----------------
([k) mnkgj.keuql`R; erqi~ (er~] or~) izR;;iz;ksxa ÑRok inkfu jp;r&
;Fkk& fge $ erqi~ ¾ fgeoku~
Jh $ erqi~ ¾ Jheku~
(i) 'kfDr $ erqi~ ¾ --------------------------
(ii) /u $ erqi~ ¾ --------------------------
(iii) cqf¼ $ erqi~ ¾ --------------------------
(iv) /S;Z $ erqi~ ¾ --------------------------
(v) xq.k $ erqi~ ¾ --------------------------
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) xzUFk ifjp; & ¶osrkyi×pfoa'kfrdk¸ iPphl dFkkvksa dk laxzg gSA bl uke dh nks
jpuk,¡ ikbZ tkrh gSaA ,d f'konkl (13oha 'krkCnh) }kjk fyf[kr xzUFk gS ftlesa x| vkSj
i| nksuksa fo/kvksa dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA nwljh tEHkynÙk dh jpuk gS tks osQoy x|e;h
gSA bl dFkk esa dgk x;k gS fd jktk foØe dks izfro"kZ dksbZ rkaf=kd lksus dk ,d iQy
dYir#% 31
nsrk gSA mlh rkaf=kd osQ dgus ij jktk foØe 'e'kku ls 'ko ykrk gSA ftl ij lokj
gksdj ,d osrky ekxZ esa jktk osQ euksj×tu osQ fy, dFkk lqukrk gSA dFkk lqurs le; jktk
dks ekSu jgus dk funsZ'k nsrk gSA dgkuh osQ vUr esa osrky jktk ls dgkuh ij vkèkkfjr ,d
iz'u iwNrk gSA jktk mldk lgh mÙkj nsrk gSA 'krZ osQ vuqlkj osrky iqu% 'e'kku igq¡p
tkrk gSA bl rjg iPphl ckj ,slh gh ?kVukvksa dh vko`fÙk gksrh gS vkSj osrky jktk dks
,d&,d djosQ iPphl dFkk,¡ lqukrk gSA ;s dFkk,¡ vR;Ur jkspd] Hkkoiz/ku vkSj foosd
dh ijh{kk ysus okyh gSaA
([k) Dr Drorq iz;ksx%&
Dr & bl izR;; dk iz;ksx lkekU;r% deZokP; esa gksrk gSA
Drorq & bl izR;; dk iz;ksx drZ̀okP; esa gksrk gSA
Dr izR;;%&
z thewrokgu% fgrSf"kfHk% efU=kfHk% mDRk%A
z o`Qi.kS% df'pnfi vFkZ% vfFkZr%A
z Ro;k vLeRdkek% iwfjrk%A
z rL; ;'k% izfFkre~ (drZ̀okP; esa Dr)
Drorq izR;;%&
z lk iq=ka ;kSojkT;ins¿fHkf"kDroku~A~
z ,rnkd.;Z thewrokgu% fpfUrroku~A
z l lq[kklhua firja fuosfnroku~A
z thewrokgu% dYir#e~ mDroku~A
(x) yksddY;k.k&dkeuk&fo"k;d dfri; 'yksd&
z losZ HkoUrq lqf[ku%] losZ lUrq fujke;k%A
losZ Hknzkf.k i';Urq] ek df'pn~ nq%[kHkkXHkosr~AA
z loZLrjrq nqxkZf.k] loksZ Hknzkf.k i';rqA
loZ% dkekuokIuksrq] loZ% loZ=k uUnrqAA
z u Roga dke;s jkT;a u Lox± u iquHkZoe~A
dke;s nq%[krIrkuka izkf.kukekfrZuk'kue~AA
vè;srO;% xzUFk%
osrkyi×p¯o'kfrdFkk] vuqoknd] nkeksnj >k] pkS[kEHkk fo|kHkou] okjk.klh] 1968
i×pe% ikB%
lwfDrekSfDrde~
laLÑr lkfgR; esa uhfr&xzUFkksa dh le`¼ ijEijk gSA buesa lkjxfHkZr vkSj ljy :i esa uSfrd f'k{kk,¡
nh xbZ gSa] ftudk mi;ksx djosQ euq"; vius thou dks liQy vkSj le`¼ cuk ldrk gSA ,sls gh
euksgkjh vkSj cgqewY; lqHkkf"kr ;gk¡ ladfyr gSa] ftuesa lnkpj.k dh egÙkk] fiz;ok.kh dh
vko';drk] ijksidkjh iq#"k dk LoHkko] xq.kktZu dh izsj.kk] fe=krk dk Lo:i vkSj mÙke iq#"k
osQ lEioZQ ls gksus okyh 'kksHkk dh iz'kalk vkSj lRlaxfr dh efgek vkfn fo"k;ksa dk izfriknu fd;k
x;k gSA
o`Ùka ;Rusu laj{ksn~ foÙkesfr p ;kfr pA

v{kh.kks foÙkr% {kh.kks o`ÙkrLrq grks gr%AA
&euqLe`fr%
Jw;rka /eZloZLoa JqRok pSoko/k;Zrke~A
vkReu% izfrowQykfu ijs"kka u lekpjsr~AA
&fonqjuhfr%
fiz;okD;iznkusu losZ rq";fUr tUro%A
rLekn~ rnso oDrO;a opus dk nfjnzrkAA
&pk.kD;uhfr%
ficfUr u|% Lo;eso ukEHk%
Lo;a u [kknfUr iQykfu o`{kk%A
uknfUr lL;a [kyq okfjokgk%
ijksidkjk; lrka foHkwr;%AA
&lqHkkf"krjRuHkk.Mkxkje~
lwfDrekSfDrde~ 33
xq.ks"oso fg drZO;% iz;Ru% iq#"kS% lnkA

xq.k;qDrks nfjnzk¿s fi us'ojSjxq.kS% le%AA
&e`PNdfVde~
vkjEHkxqohZ {kf;.kh Øes.k
y?oh iqjk o`f¼erh p i'pkr~A
fnuL; iwokZ¼iZ jk¼ZfHkUuk
Nk;so eS=kh [kylTtukuke~AA
&uhfr'krde~
;=kkfi oqQ=kkfi xrk Hkos;&q
g±lk eghe.Mye.Muk;A
gkfuLrq rs"kka fg ljksojk.kka
;s"kka ejkyS% lg foiz;ksx%AA
&Hkkfeuhfoykl%
xq.kk xq.kKs"kq xq.kk HkofUr
rs fuxqZ.ka izkI; HkofUr nks"kk%A
vkLok|rks;k% izogfUr u|%
leqnez klk| HkoUR;is;k%AA
&fgrksins'k%
'kCnkFkkZ%
foÙke~ /ue~ /u] ,s'o;Z
o`Ùke~ vkpj.ke~ vkpj.k] pfj=k
v{kh.k% u {kh.k%] lEiUu% u"V u gqvk
/eZloZLoe~ drZO;lkj% /eZ (drZO;cks/) dk lc oqQN
izfrowQykfu foijhrkfu vuqowQy ugha
rq";fUr rks"ke~ vuqHkofUr lUrq"V gksrs gSa
oDrO;e~ dFkuh;e~ dguk pkfg,
34 'kseq"kh
okfjokgk% es?kk% ty ogu djus okys ckny
foHkwr;% le`¼;% lEifÙk;k¡
xq.k;qDr% xq.koku~] xq.klEiUu% xq.kksa ls ;qDr
vxq.kS% xq.kjfgrS% xq.kghuksa ls
vkjEHkxqohZ vknkS nh?kkZ vkjEHk esa yEch
{kf;.kh {k;'khyk ?kVrh LoHkko okyh
o`f¼erh o`f¼e~ mixrk yEch gksrh gqb]Z yEch gqbZ
iwokZ¼Zijk¼ZfHkÂk iwokZ¼sZu ijk¼sZu p iwokZÊ vkSj vijkÊ (Nk;k)
i`FkXHkwrk dh rjg vyx&vyx
[kylTtukuke~ nqtZulqtukuke~ nq"Vksa vkSj lTtuksa dh
eghe.Mye.Muk; i`fFkohe.MykyÄ~dj.kk; i`Foh dks lq'kksfHkr djus osQ
fy,
ejkyS% galS% galksa ls
foiz;ksx% fo;ksx% vyx gksuk
xq.kKs"kq xq.kKkr`"kq tus"kq xq.kksa dks tkuus okyksa esa
vkLok|rks;k% Loknuh;tylEiÂk% Lokn;qDr ty okyh
vklk| izkI; ikdj
vis;k% u is;k%] u iku;ksX;k% u ihus ;ksX;
vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[kriz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr&

(d) ;Rusu ¯d j{ksr~ foÙka o`Ùka ok\
([k) vLekfHk% (¯d u lekpjsr~) dhn`'ke~ vkpj.ka u dÙkZO;e~\
(x) tUro% osQu fof/uk rq";fUr\
(?k) iq#"kS% fdeFk± iz;Ru% dÙkZO;%\
(Ä) lTtukuka eS=kh dhn`'kh Hkofr\
(p) ljksojk.kka gkfu% dnk Hkofr\
(N) u|k% tya dnk vis;a Hkofr\
lwfDrekSfDrde~ 35
2- ^d* LrEHks fo'ks"k.kkfu ^[k* LrEHks p fo'ks";kf.k nÙkkfu] rkfu ;Fkksfpra ;kst;r&
^d* LrEHk% ^[k* LrEHk%
(d) vkLok|rks;k% (1) [kykuka eS=kh
([k) xq.k;qDr% (2) lTtukuka eS=kh
(x) fnuL; iwokZ¼ZfHkÂk (3) u|%
(?k) fnuL; ijk¼ZfHkÂk (4) nfjnz%
3- v/ksfyf[kr;ks% 'yksd};ks% vk'k;a fgUnhHkk"k;k vkÄ~XyHkk"k;k ok fy[kr&
(d) vkjEHkxqohZ {kf;.kh Øes.k
y?oh iqjk o`f¼erh p i'pkr~A
fnuL; iwokZ¼Zijk¼ZfHkUuk
Nk;so eS=kh [kylTtukuke~AA
([k) fiz;okD;iznkusu losZ rq";fUr tUro%A
rLekRrnso oDrO;a opus dk nfjnzrkAA
4- v/ksfyf[krinsH;% fHkUuizÑfrda ina fpRok fy[kr&
(d) oDrO;e~] dÙkZO;e~] loZLoe~] gUrO;e~A
([k) ;Rusu] opus] fiz;okD;iznkusu] ejkysuA
(x) Jw;rke~] vo/k;Zrke~] /uorke~] {kE;rke~A
(?k) tUro%] u|%] foHkwr;%] ifjr%A
5- LFkwyinkU;f/ÑR; iz'uokD;fuekZ.ka oqQ#r&
(d) o`Ùkr% {kh.k% gr% HkofrA
([k) /eZloZLoa JqRok vo/k;Zrke~A
(x) o`{kk% iQya u [kknfUrA
(?k) [kykuke~ eS=kh vkjEHkxqohZ HkofrA
6- v/ksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu yksV~ydkjs ifjorZ;r&
;Fkk& l% ikBa iBfrA & l% ikBa iBrqA
(d) u|% vkLok|rks;k% lfUrA & ---------------------
([k) l% lnSo fiz;okD;a onfrA & ---------------------
(x) Roa ijs"kka izfrowQykfu u lekpjflA & ---------------------
36 'kseq"kh
(?k) rs o`Ùka ;Rusu laj{kfUrA & ---------------------
(Ä) vge~ ijksidkjk; dk;± djksfeA & ---------------------
7- mnkgj.keuql`R; dks"BosQ"kq nRrs"kq 'kCns"kq mfprka foHkfDra iz;qT; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& rs"kka ejkyS% lg foiz;ksx% HkofrA (ejky)
(d) ------------------ lg Nk=k% 'kks/dk;± djksfrA (vè;kid)
([k) ------------------ lg iq=k% vki.ka xroku~A (fir`)
(x) ¯d Roe~ ------------------ lg efUnja xPNfl\ (eqfu)
(?k) cky% ------------------ lg [ksfyrqa xPNfrA (fe=ke~)
ifj;kstukdk;Ze~
(d) ijksidkjfo"k;da 'yksd};e~ vfUo"; Le`Rok p d{kk;ka lLoja iBA
([k) u|k% ,da lqUnja fp=ka fuekZ; ladyÕ; ok o.kZ;r ;r~ rL;k% rhjs euq";k% i'ko%
[kxk'p fufoZ?ua tya ficfUrA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
laLÑr&lkfgR; esa lkjxfHkZr] ykSfdd ikjykSfdd ,oa uSfrdewY;ksa okys lqHkkf"krksa dh cgqyrk gS
tkss ns[kus esa NksVs izrhr gksrs gSa fdUrq xEHkhj Hkko okys gksrs gSaA ekuo&thou esa budk vrho egÙo
gSA
HkkofoLrkj%
(d) vkLok|rks;k% izogfUr u|%A
[kkjs leqnz esa feyus ij Lokfn"V tyokyh ufn;ksa dk ty vis; gks tkrk gSA blh HkkolkE;
osQ vk/kj ij dgk x;k gS fd ¶lalxZtk% nks"kxq.kk% HkofUrA¸
([k) Nk;so eS=kh [kylTtukuke~A
nq"V O;fDRk fe=krk djrk gS vkSj lTtu O;fDr Hkh fe=krk djrk gSA ijUrq nksuksa dh eS=kh] fnu
osQ iwokZ¼Z ,oa ijk¼Z dkyhu Nk;k dh Hkk¡fr gksrh gSA okLro esa nq"V O;fDr dh eS=kh osQ fy,
'yksd dk izFke pj.k ¶vkjEHkxqohZ {kf;.kh Øes.k¸ dgk x;k gS rFkk lTtu dh eS=kh osQ
fy, f}rh; pj.k ^y?ohiqjk o`f¼erh p i'pkr~* dgk x;k gSA
lwfDrekSfDrde~ 37
Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%
(1) foÙkr% & foÙk 'kCn ls rfly~ izR;; fd;k x;k gSA iapeh foHkfDr osQ vFkZ esa yxus okys
rfly~ izR;; dk r% gh 'ks"k jgrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ& lkxj $ rfly~ ¾ lkxjr%]
iz;kx $ rfly~ ¾ iz;kxr%] nsgyh $ rfly~ ¾ nsgyhr% vkfnA blh izdkj
o`Ùkr% 'kCn esa Hkh rfly~ izR;; yxk djosQ o`Ùkr% 'kCn cuk;k x;k gSA
lekpjsr~ & le~ $ vkÄ~ $ √ pj~ $ fof/fyÄ~ $ izFkeiq#"k $ ,dopu
rq";fUr & √ rq"k~ $ yV~ydkj $ izFkeiq#"k $ cgqopu
laj{ksr~ & le~ $ √ j{k~ $ fof/fyÄ~ $ izFkeiq#"k $ ,dopu
gr% & √ gu~ $ Dr izR;; (iqafYyÄõ iz-fo-,-o-)
(2) milxZ & fØ;k osQ iwoZ tqM+us okys iz] ijk vkfn 'kCnksa dks milxZ dgk tkrk gSA bu milxksZa
osQ tqM+us ls fØ;k osQ vFkZ esa ifjorZu vk tkrk gSA
tSls& ^â* /krq ls milxks± dk ;ksx gksus ij fuEufyf[kr :i curs gSa
iz $ â & izgjfr] izgkj (geyk djuk)
fo $ â & fogjfr] fogkj (Hkze.k djuk)
mi $ â & migjfr] migkj (HksaV nsuk)
le~ $ â & lagjfr] lagkj (ekjuk)
(3) 'kCnksa dks L=khfyÄõ esa ifjofrZr djus osQ fy, L=kh izR;; dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bu izR;;ksa
esa Vki~ o Ähi~ eq[; gSaA
tSls& cky $ Vki~ & ckyk
vè;kid $ Vki~ & vè;kfidk
y?kq $ Ähi~ & y?oh
xq# $ Ähi~ & xqohZ
lk/q $ Ähi~ & lkèoh
"k"B% ikB%
HkzkUrks cky%
izLrqr ikB ^laLÑr izkS<ikBkofy%* uked xzUFk ls lEikfnr dj fy;k x;k gSA bl dFkk esa ,d
,sls ckyd dk fp=k.k gS] ftldk eu vè;;u dh vis{kk [ksy&owQn esa yxk jgrk gSA ;gk¡ rd
fd og [ksyus osQ fy, i'kq&if{k;ksa rd dk vkokgu (vkàku) djrk gS fdUrq dksbZ mlds lkFk
[ksyus osQ fy, rS;kj ugha gksrkA blls og cgqr fujk'k gksrk gSA vUrr% mls cks/ gksrk gS fd lHkh
vius&vius dk;ks± esa O;Lr gSAa os Q oy ogh fcuk fdlh dke osQ bèkj&mèkj ?kwerk jgrk gSA og
fu'p; djrk gS fd vc O;FkZ esa le; x¡okuk NksM+dj viuk dk;Z djsxkA
HkzkUr% d'pu cky% ikB'kkykxeuosyk;ka ØhfMrqa futZxkeA fdUrq rsu lg osQfyfHk%

dkya {ksIrqa rnk dks¿fi u o;L;s"kq miyH;eku vklhr~A ;rLrs los¿Z fi iwofZ nuikBku~
Le`Rok fo|ky;xeuk; Rojek.kk cHkwo%q A rUnzkyqckZyks yTt;k rs"kka n`f"ViFkefi ifjgjUusdkdh
fdeI;q|kua izfoos'kA
l fpUr;kekl&fojeURosrs ojkdk% iqLrdnklk%A vga iqujkRekua fouksnf;";kfeA uuq
Hkw;ks nz{;kfe ozQq ¼L; mikè;k;L; eq[ke~A lURosrs fu"oqQVokflu ,o izkf.kuks ee o;L;k
bfrA
vFk l iq"iks|kua oztUra e/qdja n`"V~ok ra ØhMkgsrksjkg~o;r~A l f}fL=kjL;kg~okueso
u eku;keklA rrks Hkw;ks Hkw;% gBekpjfr ckys lks¿xk;r~&o;a fg e/qlxa gz O;xzk bfrA
rnk l cky% ^Ñreusu feF;kxfoZrus dhVsu* bR;U;rks nÙkn`f"V'pVdesda p×Pok
r`.k'kykdkfndeknnkuei';r~A mokp p&^^vf; pVdiksr! ekuq"kL; ee fe=ka Hkfo";flA
,fg ØhMko%A R;t 'kq"desrr~ r`.ke~ Loknwfu Hk{;doykfu rs nkL;kfe** bfrA l rq
ûhM% dk;ksZ cVnz'q kk[kk;ka r|kfe dk;s.Z k* bR;qDRok LodeZO;xzks cHkwoA
rnk f[kUuks ckyd% ,rs if{k.kks ekuq"ks"kq uksixPNfUrA rnUos"k;kE;ija ekuq"kksfpra
fouksnf;rkjfefr ifjØE; iyk;ekua defi 'okueokyksd;r~A izhrks ckyLrfeRFka
HkzkUrkss cky% 39
lacksèk;kekl – js ekuq"kk.kka fe=k! ¯d i;ZVfl vfLeu~ funk?kfnols\ vkJ;Losna izPNk;'khrya

r#ewye~A vgefi ØhMklgk;a Rokesokuq:ia i';kehfrA oqQDoqQj% izR;kg&
;ks eka iq=kizhR;k iks"k;fr Lokfeuks x`gs rL;A
j{kkfu;ksxdj.kkUu e;k Hkz"VO;eh"knfiAA bfrA
loSZ jos a fuf"k¼% l ckyks fof?ureuksjFk% lu~&^dFkefLeu~ txfr izR;sda Lo&LoÑR;s

fueXuks HkofrA u dks¿I;gfeo o`Fkk dky{ksia lgrsA ue ,rsH;% ;SeZs rUnzkyqrk;ka oqQRlk
lekikfnrkA vFk Loksfpregefi djksfe bfr fopk;Z Rofjra ikB'kkykeqitxkeA
rr% izHk`fr l fo|kO;luh HkwRok egrha oSn"q kha izFkka lEina p ysHksA
40 'kseq"kh
'kCnkFkkZ%
HkzkUr% Hkze;qDr% Hkzfer

ØhfMrqe~ [ksfyrqe~ [ksyus osQ fy,
futZxke fu"ØkUr% fudy x;k
osQfyfHk% ØhMkfHk% [ksy }kjk
dkya {ksIrqe~ le;a ;kif;rqe~ le; fcrkus osQ fy,
Rojek.kk% Rojka oqQoZUr%] Roj;Ur% 'kh?kzrk djrs gq,
rUnzkyq% vyl%] vfØ;% vkylh
n`f"ViFke~ n`f"Ve~ fuxkg
fpUr;kekl vfpUr;r~ lkspk
iqLrdnklk% iqLrdkuka nklk% iqLrdksa osQ xqyke
mikè;k;L; vkpk;ZL; xq# osQ
fu"oqQVokflu% o`{kdksVjfuokflu% o`{k osQ dksVj esa jgus okys
ØhMkgsrks% osQfyfufeÙke~ [ksyus osQ fufeÙk
vkàkue~ vkeU=k.ke~ cqykok
gBekpjfr vkxzgiwod Z a O;ogkja gB djus ij
oqQoZfr lfr
e/qlaxzgO;xzk% iq"ijlladyurRijk% iq"i osQ jl osQ laxzg esa yxs gq,
Hkw;ks Hkw;% iqu% iqu% ckj&ckj
feF;kxfoZrsu O;FkkZgÄkï j;qDrsu >wBs xoZ okys
pVde~ i{kh fpfM+;k
p×Pok p×pqiqVsu pksap ls
vknnkue~ x`ÊUre~ xzg.k djrs gq, dks
Loknwfu Lokfn"Vkfu Lokn;qDr
Hk{;doykfu Hk{k.kh;xzklk% [kkus osQ fy, mi;qDr dkSj
LodeZO;xz% Lodh;dk;s"Z kq rRij% vius dk;ks± esa layXu
vUos"k;kfe vUos"k.ka djksfe [kkstrk gw¡
fouksnf;rkje~ euksj×tudkfj.ke~ euksjatu djus okys dks
iyk;ekue~ /koUre~ Hkkxrs gq,
HkzkUrkss cky% 41
voyksd;r~ vi';r~ ns[kk

cVnzq'kk[kk;ka oVo`{kL; 'kk[kk;ka cjxn osQ isM+ dh 'kk[kk ij
lacks/;kekl lacksf/roku~ lacksf/r fd;k
funk?kfnols xzh"efnus xehZ osQ fnu esa
osQyhlgk;e~ ØhMklgk;de~ [ksy esa lg;ksxh
vuq:ie~ ;ksX;e~ mi;qDr
oqQDoqQj% 'ok oqQÙkk
j{kkfu;ksxdj.kkr~ lqj{kkdk;Zo'kkr~ j{kk osQ dk;Z esa yxs gksus ls
Hkz"VO;e~ ifrrO;e~ gVuk pkfg,
bZ"knfi vYiek=kke~ vfi FkksM+k&lk Hkh
fuf"k¼% vLohÑr% euk fd;k x;k
fof?ureuksjFk% [kf.Mrdke% VwVh bPNkvksa okyk
dky{ksie~ le;L; ;kiue~ le; fcrkuk
rUnzkyqrk;ke~ rUnzkyqtuL; Hkkos] vkyL; esa
vylRos
oqQRlk ?k`.kk] HkRlZuk ?k`.kkHkko
fo|kO;luh vè;;ujr% fo|k esa jr jgus okyk
izFkke~ izflf¼e~ [;kfr] izflf¼
vH;kl%
(d) cky% dnk ØhfMrqa futZxke\
([k) ckyL; fe=kkf.k fdeFk± Rojek.kk cHkwoq%\
(x) e/qdj% ckydL; vkàkua osQu dkj.ksu u veU;r\
(?k) ckyd% dhn`'ka pVde~ vi';r~\
(Ä) ckyd% pVdk; ØhMukFk± dhn`'ka yksHka nÙkoku~\
(p) f[kUu% ckyd% 'okua fde~ vdFk;r~\
(N) fof?ureuksjFk% cky% fde~ vfpUr;r~\
42 'kseq"kh
2- fuEufyf[krL; 'yksdL; HkkokFk± fgUnhHkk"k;k vkÄ~XyHkk"k;k ok fy[kr&
;ks eka iq=kizhR;k iks"k;fr Lokfeuks x`gs rL;A
j{kkfu;ksxdj.kkUu e;k Hkz"VO;eh"knfiAA
3- ¶HkzkUrks cky%¸ bfr dFkk;k% lkjka'ka fgUnhHkk"k;k vkÄ~XyHkk"k;k ok fy[krA
4- LFkwyinkU;f/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r &
(d) Loknwfu Hk{;doykfu rs nkL;feA
([k) pVd% LodeZf.k O;xz% vklhr~A
(x) oqQDoqQj% ekuq"kk.kka fe=ke~ vfLrA
(?k) l egrha oSnq"kha yC/oku~A
(Ä) j{kkfu;ksxdj.kkr~ e;k u Hkz"VO;e~ bfrA
5- ¶,rsH;% ue%¸ & bfr mnkgj.keuql`R; ue% bR;L; ;ksxs prqFkhZ foHkDrs% iz;ksxa ÑRok
i×pokD;kfu jp;rA
6- ^d* LrEHks leLrinkfu ^[k* LrEHks p rs"kka foxzg% nÙkkfu] rkfu ;Fkkle{ka fy[kr&
^d* LrEHk ^[k* LrEHk
(d) n`f"ViFke~ (1) iq"ik.kke~ m|kue~
([k) iqLrdnklk% (2) fo|k;k% O;luh
(x) fo|kO;luh (3) n`"Vs% iUFkk%
(?k) iq"iks|kue~ (4) iqLrdkuka nklk%
7- (d) v/ksfyf[krs"kq in;qXes"kq ,da fo'ks";ine~ vij×p fo'ks"k.kine~A fo'ks"k.kine~
fo'ks";ina p i`Fko~Q&i`Fko~Q fpRok fy[kr&
fo'ks"k.ke~ fo'ks";e~
(i) f[kUu% cky% & -------------------- --------------------
(ii) iyk;ekua 'okue~ & -------------------- --------------------
(iii) izhr% ckyd% & -------------------- --------------------
(iv) Loknwfu Hk{;doykfu & -------------------- --------------------
(v) Rojek.kk% o;L;k% & -------------------- --------------------
HkzkUrkss cky% 43
([k) dks"Bdxrs"kq ins"kq lIrehfoHkDrs% iz;ksxa ÑRok fjDrLFkkuiwfr± oqQ#r&

(i) cky% ------------------------------ ØhfMrqa futZxkeA (ikB'kkykxeuosyk)
(ii) ------------------------------ txfr izR;sda LoÑR;s fueXuks HkofrA (bne~)
(iii) [kx% ------------------------------ uhMa djksfrA ('kk[kk)
(iv) vfLeu~ ------------------------------ fdeFk± i;ZVfl\ (funk?kfnol)
(v) ------------------------------ fgeky;% mPpre%A (ux)
ifj;kstukdk;Ze~
(d) ,dfLeu~ LiQksjdiËs (chart-paper) ,dL; m|kuL; fp=ka fuekZ; ladyÕ; ok
i×pokD;s"kq rL; o.kZua oqQ#rA
([k) ¶ifjJeL; egÙoe~¸ bfr fo"k;s fgUnh Hkk"k;k vkÄ~XyHkk"k;k ok i×p okD;kfu fy[krA
Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%
(1) fØ;k osQ fuEufyf[kr :iksa dks è;kuiwoZd ns[ksa le>sa o vH;kl djsa&
iBfr (i<+rk@i<+rh gS) ikB;fr (i<+krk@i<+krh gS) ikB;kekl (i<+k;k)
;Fkk& l% iqLrda iBfrA
f'k{kd% Nk=kku~ ikB;frA
vkpk;Z% osnku~ ikB;keklA
blh izdkj oqQN vU; :i Hkh izLrqr gSa&
cks/fr cks/;fr cks/;kekl
djksfr dkj;fr dkj;kekl
fy[kfr ys[k;fr ys[k;kekl
xPNfr xe;fr xe;kekl
glfr gkl;fr gkl;kekl
Ük`.kksfr Jko;fr Jko;kekl
/kofr /ko;fr /ko;kekl
x`Êkfr xzkg;fr xzkg;kekl
nnkfr nki;fr nki;kekl
44 'kseq"kh
gjfr gkj;fr gkj;kekl
u;fr uk;;fr uk;;kekl
(2) ;L; p Hkkosu Hkkoy{k.ke~&tgk¡ ,d fØ;k osQ gksus ls nwljh fØ;k osQ gksus dk Kku gks
rks igyh fØ;k osQ dÙkkZ esa lIreh foHkfDr gksrh gSA bls ^lfr lIreh* ;k ^Hkkos lIreh*
Hkh dgrs gSaA
;Fkk& mfnrs lforfj deya fodlfrA
xtZfr es?ks e;wj% vu`R;r~A
u`R;fr f'kos u`R;fUr f'kox.kk%A
gBekpjfr ckys Hkzej% vxk;r~A
mfnrs uS"k/s dkO;s Do ek?k% Do p Hkkjfo%A
(3) vU;inkFkZ iz/kuks cgqozhfg%&ftl lekl esa iwoZ vkSj mÙkj inksa ls fHkUu fdlh vU; in osQ
vFkZ dk izk/kU; gksrk gS og cgqozhfg lekl dgykrk gSA
;Fkk& ihrkEcj% & ihre~ vEcja ;L; l% (fo".kq%)A
uhyd.B% & uhy% d.B% ;L; l% (f'ko%)A
vuqfpfUrriwoZfnuikBk% & vuqfpfUrrk% iwoZfnuL; ikBk% ;S% rsA
fof?ureuksjFk% & fof?ur% euksjFk% ;L; l%A
nÙkn`f"V% & nÙkk n`f"V% ;su l%A
lIre% ikB%
izR;fHkKkue~
izLrqr ikB Hkkljfpr î×pjk=ke~* uked ukVd ls lEikfnr dj fy;k x;k gSA nq;ksZèku vkfn
dkSjo ohjksa us jktk fojkV dh xk;ksa dk vigj.k dj fy;kA fojkV&iq=k mÙkj c`gUuyk (Nn~eos"kh
vtquZ ) dks lkjFkh cukdj dkSjoksa ls ;q¼ djus tkrk gSA dkSjoksa dh vksj ls vfHkeU;q (vtquZ &iq=k)
Hkh ;q¼ djrk gSA ;q¼ esa dkSjoksa dh ijkt; gksrh gSA blh chp fojkV dks lwpuk feyrh gS] oYyHk
(Nn~eos"kh Hkhe) us j.kHkwfe esa vfHkeU;q dks idM+ fy;k gSA vfHkeU;q Hkhe rFkk vtquZ dks ugha
igpku ikrk vkSj muls mxzrkiwoZd ckrphr djrk gSA nksuksa vfHkeU;q dks egkjkt fojkV osQ le{k
izLrqr djrs gSaA vfHkeU;q mUgsa iz.kke ugha djrkA mlh le; jktoqQekj mÙkj ogk¡ igq¡prk gS ftlosQ
jgL;ksn~?kkVu ls vtqZu rFkk Hkhe vkfn ik.Moksa osQ Nn~eos"k dk mn~?kkVu gks tkrk gSA
HkV% & t;rq egkjkt%A

jktk & viwoZ bo rs g"kksZ czfw g osQukfl fofLer%\
HkV% & vJ¼s;a fiz;a izkIra
lkSHknzks xzg.ka xr%AA
jktk & dFkfenkuha x`ghr%\
HkV% & jFkeklk| fu''kÄa ï
ckgqH;keorkfjr%A
(izdk'ke~) br br%
oqQekj%A
vfHkeU;q% & Hkks% dks uq [kYos"k%\ ;su Hkqtd S fu;fU=krks cykfèkosQukfi u ihfMr%
vfLeA
46 'kseq"kh
c`gUuyk & br br% oqQekj%A
vfHkeU;q% & v;s! v;eij% d% foHkkR;qekos"kfeokfJrks gj%A
c`gUuyk & vk;Z] vfHkHkk"k.kdkSrgw ya es egr~A okpky& ;Rosuek;Z%A
Hkhelsu% & (viok;Z) ck<e~ (izdk'ke~) vfHkeU;ks!
vfHkeU;q% & vfHkeU;qukZe\
Hkhelsu% & #";R;s"k e;k RoesouS efHkHkk"k;A
c`gUuyk & vfHkeU;ks!
vfHkeU;q% & dFka dFke~A vfHkeU;qukZekge~A Hkks%! fde=k fojkVuxjs {kf=k;oa'kksnH~ kwrk%
uhpS% vfi ukefHk% vfHkHkk";Urs vFkok vga 'k=kqo'ka xr%A vr,o
frjfLØ;rsA
c`gUuyk & vfHkeU;ks! lq[kekLrs rs tuuh\
vfHkeU;q% & dFka dFke~\ tuuh uke\ ¯d Hkoku~ es firk vFkok firÒ;%\ dFka eka
firònkØE; L=khxrka dFkka i`PNls\
c`gUuyk & vfHkeU;ks! vfi oqQ'kyh nsodhiq=k% osQ'ko%\
vfHkeU;q% & dFka dFke~\ r=kHkoUrefi ukEukA vFk fde~ vFk fde~\
(mHkkS ijLijeoyksd;r%)
vfHkeU;q% & dFkfenkuha lkoKfeo eka gL;rs\
c`gUuyk & u [kyq fdf×pr~A
ikFk± firjeqfí'; ekrqya p tuknZue~A
r#.kL; ÑrkL=kL; ;qDrks ;q¼ijkt;%AA
vfHkeU;q% & vya LoPNUnizykisu! vLekoaQ oqQys vkReLroa drqeZ uqfpre~A j.kHkwekS
grs"kq 'kjku~ i';] en`rs vU;r~ uke u Hkfo";frA
c`gUuyk & ,oa okD;'kkS.Mh;ZeA~ fdeFk± rsu inkfruk x`ghr%\
vfHkeU;q% & v'kL=ka ekefHkxr%A firje~ vtquZ a Leju~ vga dFka gU;ke~A v'kL=ks"kq
ekn`'kk% u izgjfUrA vr% v'kL=kks¿;a eka o×pf;Rok x`ghroku~A
jktk & Ro;Zrka Ro;ZrkefHkeU;q%A
izR;fHkKkue~ 47
c`gUuyk & br br% oqQekj%A ,"k egkjkt%A miliZrq oqQekj%A

vfHkeU;q% & vk%A dL; egkjkt%\
jktk & ,ásfs g iq=k! dFka u ekefHkokn;fl\ (vkRexre~) vgks! mfRlDr%
[kYo;a {kf=k;oqQekj%A vgeL; niZi'z keua djksfeA (izdk'ke~) vFk
osQuk;a x`ghr%\
Hkhelsu% & egkjkt! e;kA
vfHkeU;q% & v'kL=ks.ksR;fHk/h;rke~A
Hkhelsu% & 'kkUra ikie~A /uqLrq nqcyZ %S ,o x`ársA ee rq HkqtkS ,o izgj.ke~A
vfHkeU;q% & ek rkon~ Hkks%! ¯d Hkoku~ eè;e% rkr% ;% rL; ln`'ka op% onfrA
Hkxoku~ & iq=k! dks¿;a eè;eks uke\
vfHkeU;q% & ;ksD=kf;Rok tjklU/a d.Bf'y"Vsu ckgqukA
vláa deZ rr~ ÑRok uhr% Ñ".kks¿rngZrke~AA
jktk & u rs {ksis.k #";kfe] #";rk Hkork jesA
fdeqDRok ukijk¼ks¿ga] dFka fr"Bfr ;kfRofrAA
vfHkeU;q% & ;|geuqxkz á% &
ikn;ks% leqnkpkj% fØ;rka fuxzgksfpr%A
ckgqH;kekâra Hkhe% ckgqH;keso us";frAA
(rr% izfo'kR;qÙkj%)
mÙkj% & rkr! vfHkokn;s!
jktk & vk;q"eku~ Hko iq=kA iwftrk% ÑrdekZ.kks ;ks/iq#"kk%A
mÙkj% & iwT;reL; fØ;rka iwtkA
jktk & iq=k! dLeS\
mÙkj% & bgk=kHkors /u×t;k;A
jktk & dFka /u×t;k;sfr\
mÙkj% & vFk fde~
'e'kkuk¼uqjknk; rw.khjk{k;lk;osQA
uìk Hkh"ekn;ks HkXuk o;a p ifjjf{krk%AA
48 'kseq"kh
jktk & ,oesrr~A
mÙkj% & O;iu;rq Hkok×NÄkï e~A v;eso vfLr /uq/jZ % èku×t;%A
c`gUuyk & ;|ga vtquZ % rfgZ v;a Hkhelsu% v;a p jktk ;qfèkf"Bj%A
vfHkeU;q% & bgk=kHkoUrks es firj%A rsu [kyq ---
u #";fUr e;k f{kIrk glUr'p f{kifUr eke~A
fn"V~;k xksxzg.ka LoUra firjks ;su nf'kZrk%AA
(bfr Øes.k lokZu~ iz.kefr] losZ p re~ vkfyÄ~xfUrA)
izR;fHkKkue~ 49
'kCnkFkkZ%
izR;fHkKkue~ iqu% Kkue~] laLdkj&tU;a igpku
Kkue~] iqu% Le`fr%
viwoZ% vfo|eku~ iwo%Z tks igys u gqvk gks
vJ¼s;e~ u J¼s;e~ J¼k osQ v;ksX;
lkSHknz% lqHknzk;k% iq=k%] vfHkeU;q% vfHkeU;q
vklk| izkI; ikdj] igq¡pdj
fu''kÄïe~ 'kÄï;k jfgre~ fcuk fdlh fgpd osQ
HkqtSdfu;fU=kr% ,osQu ,o ckgquk la;r% ,d gh gkFk ls idM+k
x;k
foHkkfr 'kksHkrs lq'kksfHkr gksrk gS
dkSrwgye~ ftKklk tkuus dh mRd.Bk
viok;Z nwjhÑR; gVkdj
#";fr ozqQ¼% Hkofr Øksf/r gksrk gS
okpky;rq oDrqa izsj;rq cksyus dks izsfjr djsa
frjfLØ;rs mis{;rs mis{kk dh tkrh gS
firÒ;% firq%Hkzkrk pkpk
voyksd;r% i';r% ns[krs gSa (f}opu)
lkoKe~ viekusu lfgre~ mis{kk djrs gq,
okD'kkS.Mh;Ze~ okfpoaQ ohjRoe~ ok.kh dh ohjrk
inkfr% iknkH;ke~ vrfr iSny pyus okyk
miliZrq lehia xPNrq ikl tkvks
,fg vkxPN vkvks
mfRlDr% XkoksZ¼r%] vgÄïkjh xoZ ls ;qDRk
niZ&iz'keue~ xoZL; 'keue~ ?keaM dks 'kkUr djuk
x`ghr% xzg.ks Ñr% idM+k x;k
izgj.ke~ 'kL=ke~ gfFk;kj
;ksD=kf;Rok cn~èok ck¡/dj
{ksis.k fuUnkopusu fuUnk ls
jes (√ √ je~) izhrks Hkokfe izlUu gksrk gw¡
50 'kseq"kh
;krq xPNrq tkvks
leqnkpkj% f'k"Vkpkj% lH; vkpj.k
vuqxzká% vuqxzgL; ;ksX;e~ Ñik osQ ;ksX;
fuxzgksfpre~ cU/uksfpr mfpr n.M
rw.khj ck.kdks'k% rjdl
O;iu;rq nwjhdjksrq nwj djsa
f{kIrk% O;Ä~X;su lEcksf/rk% vk{ksi fd;s tkus ij
fn"V~;k HkkX;su HkkX; ls
xksxzg.ke~ /suwuke~ vigj.ke~ xk;ksa dk vigj.k
LoUre~ (lq + vUre~) lq[kkUre~ lq[kkUr
vH;kl%
(d) HkV% dL; xzg.ke~ vdjksr~\
([k) vfHkeU;q% dFka x`ghr% vklhr~\
(x) Hkhelsusu c`gUuy;k p i`"V% vfHkeU;q% fdeFkZe~ mÙkja u nnkfr\
(?k) vfHkeU;q% Loxzg.ks fdeFkZe~ of×pr% bo vuqHkofr\
(Ä) dLekr~ dkj.kkr~ vfHkeU;q% xksxzg.ka lq[kkUra eU;rs\
2- v/ksfyf[krokD;s"kq izdfVrHkkoa fpuqr&
(d) Hkks% dks uq [kYos"k%\ ;su HkqtSdfu;fU=krks cykf/osQukfi u ihfMr% vfLeA (foLe;%]
Hk;e~] ftKklk)
([k) dFka dFka! vfHkeU;qukZekge~A (vkReiz'kalk] LokfHkeku%] nSU;e~)
(x) dFka eka firònkØE; L=khxrka dFkka i`PNls\ (yTtk] Øks/%] izlUurk)
(?k) /uqLrq nqcZyS% ,o x`árs ee rq HkqtkS ,o izgj.ke~A (vU/fo'okl%] 'kkS;Ze~] mRlkg%)
(Ä) ckgqH;kekâra Hkhe% ckgqH;keso us";frA (vkRefo'okl%] fujk'kk] okDla;e%)
(p) fn"V~;k xksxzg.ka LoUra firjks ;su nf'kZrk%A ({kek] g"kZ%] /S;Ze~)
3- ;FkkLFkkua fjDrLFkkuiwfr± oqQ#r&
(d) [kyq $ ,"k% ¾ ----------------
([k) cy $ ---------------- $ vfi ¾ cykf/osQukfi
izR;fHkKkue~ 51
(x) foHkkfr $ ---------------- ¾ fcHkkR;qekos"ke~

(?k) ---------------- $ ,ue~ ¾ okpky;Rosue~
(Ä) #";fr $ ,"k ¾ #";R;s"k
(p) Roeso $ ,ue~ ¾ ----------------
(N) ;krq $ ---------------- ¾ ;kfRofr
(t) ---------------- $ bfr ¾ /u×t;k;sfr
4- v/ksfyf[krkfu opukfu d% da izfr dFk;fr&
;Fkk & d% oaQ izfr
vk;Z] vfHkHkk"k.kdkSrwgya es egr~ c`gUuyk Hkhelsue~
(d) dFkfenkuha lkoKfeo eka gL;rs --------------------- ---------------------
([k) v'kL=ks.ksR;fHk/h;rke~ --------------------- ---------------------
(x) iwT;reL; fØ;rka iwtk --------------------- ---------------------
(?k) iq=k! dks¿;a eè;eks uke --------------------- ---------------------
(Ä) 'kkUra ikie~! /uqLrq nqcZyS% ,o x`árs --------------------- ---------------------
5- v/ksfyf[krkfu LFkwykfu loZukeinkfu dLeS iz;qDrkfu&

(d) okpky;rq ,ue~ vk;Z%A
([k) fdeFkZ rsu inkfruk x`ghr%A
(x) dFka u eke~ vfHkokn;flA
(?k) ee rq HkqtkS ,o izgj.ke~A
(Ä) viwoZ bo rs g"kksZ czwfg osQu fofLer%\
6- 'yksdkuke~ viw.kZ% vUo;% v/ksnÙk%A ikBekèk`R; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) ikFk± firje~ ekrqya -------------- p mfí'; ÑrkL=kL; r#.kL; -------------- ;qDr%A
([k) d.Bf'y"Vsu -------------- tjklUèka ;ksD=kf;Rok rr~ vláa -------------- ÑRok (Hkhesu)
Ñ".k% vrngZrka uhr%A
(x) #";rk -------------- jesA rs {ksis.k u #";kfe] ¯d -------------- vga ukijk¼%] dFka (Hkoku~)
fr"Bfr] ;krq bfrA
(?k) ikn;ks% fuxzgksfpr% leqnkpkj% -------------- A ckgqH;ke~ vkâre~ (eke~) --------------
ckgqH;ke~ ,o us";frA
52 'kseq"kh
7- (d) v/ksfyf[krsH;% insH;% milxkZu~ fofpR; fy[kr&
inkfu milxZ%
;Fkk&vklk| vk
(i) vorkfjr% & --------------------
(ii) foHkkfr & --------------------
(iii) vfHkHkk"k; & --------------------
(iv) mn~Hkwrk% & --------------------
(v) frjfLØ;rs & --------------------
(vi) izgjfUr & --------------------
(vii) miliZrq & --------------------
(viii) ifjjf{krk% & --------------------
(ix) iz.kefr & --------------------
([k) mnkgj.keuql`R; dks"BdnRrins"kq i×pehfoHkfDra iz;qT; okD;kfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& 'e'kkukn~ /uqjknk; vtqZu% vkxr%A ('e'kku)
(i) ikBku~ ifBRok l% --------------------- vkxr%A (fo|ky;)
(ii) --------------------- i=kkf.k irfUrA (o`{k)
(iii) xÄkõ --------------------- fuxZPNfrA (fgeky;)
(iv) {kek --------------------- iQykfu vku;frA (vki.ke~)
(v) --------------------- cqf¼uk'kks HkofrA (Le`fruk'k)
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
dfo ifjp;
laLÑr ukVddkjksa esa ^êgkdfo Hkkl** dk uke vxzx.; gSA Hkkl jfpr rsjg :id fuEufyf[kr gS&a
nwrokD;e~] d.kZHkkje~] nwr?kVksRdpe~] m#HkÄõe~] eè;eO;k;ksx%] i×pjk=ke~] vfHk"ksdukVde~]
ckypfjre~] vfoekjde~] izfrekukVde~] izfrKk;kSxU/jk;.ke~] LoIuoklonÙke~ rFkk pk#nÙke~A
xzUFk ifjp;
i×pjk=ke~ dh dFkkoLrq egkHkkjr osQ fojkV ioZ ij vk/kfjr gSA ik.Moksa osQ vKkrokl osQ le;
nq;ksZ/u ,d ;K djrk gS vkSj ;K dh lekfIr ij vkpk;Z nzks.k dks xq#nf{k.kk nsuk pkgrk gSA nzks.k
xq#nf{k.kk osQ :i esa ik.Moksa dk jkT;kf/dkj pkgrs gSaA nq;ksZ/u dgrk gS fd ;fn xq# nzks.kkpk;Z
izR;fHkKkue~ 53
ik¡p jkrksa esa ik.Moksa dk irk yxk nsa rks mudh iSr`d lEifÙk dk Hkkx mUgsa fn;k tk ldrk gSA
blh vk/kj ij bl ukVd dk uke î×pjk=ke~* gSA
HkkofoLrkj%
r#.kL; ÑrkL=kL; ;qDrks ;q¼ijkt;%
vKkrokl esa c`gUuyk osQ :i esa vtqZu dks cgqr le; osQ ckn iq=k&feyu dk volj izkIr gqvkA
og vius iq=k ls ckr djuk pkgrk gS ijUrq (vius vigj.k ls) {kqC/ vfHkeU;q muosQ lkFk ckr
djuk gh ugha pkgrkA rc vtqZu mls mÙksftr djus dh Hkkouk ls bl izdkj osQ O;Ä~X;kRed opu
dgrs gSa&
rqEgkjs firk vtqZu gSa] ekek Jh Ñ".k gSa rFkk rqe 'kL=kfo|k ls lEiUu gksus osQ lkFk gh lkFk
r#.k Hkh gks] rqEgkjs fy, ;q¼ esa ijkLr gksuk mfpr gSA
ee rq HkqtkS ,o izgj.ke~
vfHkeU;q {kqC/ gS fd mls /ks[ks ls 'kL=kfoghu Hkhe us fux`ghr fd;k gSA Hkhe bldk Li"Vhdj.k
djrk gS fd vL=k&'kL=k rks nqcZy O;fDr;ksa }kjk xzg.k fd;s tkrs gSaA esjh rks Hkqtk gh esjk 'kL=k
gSA vr% eq>s fdlh vU; vk;q/ dh vko';drk ughaA bl izdkj dk Hkko vU; ukVdksa esa Hkh
miyC/ gS] tSls &
(d) v;a rq nf{k.kks ckgqjk;q/a ln`'ka eeA (eè;eO;k;ksx%)
([k) HkheL;kuqdfj";kfe 'kL=ka ckgqHkZfo";frA (e`PNdfVde~)
(x) o;efi p Hkqtk;q¼iz/kuk%A (vfoekjde~)
uhr% Ñ".kks¿rngZrke~
Jh Ñ".k us tjklU/ osQ tkekrk (nkekn) dal dk o/ fd;k FkkA blls ozqQ¼ tjklU/ us
;nqoaf'k;ksa osQ fouk'k dh izfrKk dh FkhA blfy, mlus ckj&ckj eFkqjk ij vkØe.k Hkh fd;k FkkA
mlus Jh Ñ".k dks dbZ ckj idM+k Hkh ijUrq fdlh u fdlh izdkj Jh Ñ".k ogk¡ ls fudy x;sA
oLrqr% mfpr volj ikdj Jh Ñ".k tjklU/ dks ekjuk pkgrs Fks ijUrq Hkhe us tjklU/ dk o/
djosQ mudh ik=krk Lo;a ys yhA tks dk;Z Jh Ñ".k }kjk dj.kh; Fkk mls Hkhelsu us dj fn;k
vkSj Jh Ñ".k dks tjklU/ osQ o/ dk volj gh ugha fn;kA
dks¿;a eè;eks uke\
;gk¡ eè;e 'kCn dk iz;ksx Hkkl }kjk Hkhe osQ fy, fd;k x;k gSA Hkkl osQ ukVdksa esa loZ=k Hkhe
osQ fy, êè;e* 'kCn dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA mUgksaus êè;eO;k;ksx* :id dh jpuk dh ftlesa
eè;e ik.Mo vFkkZr~ Hkhe dks uk;d cuk;k x;k gSA
54 'kseq"kh
Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%
(d) fu"ks/kFkZ esa vye~ osQ ;ksx esa r`rh;k foHkfDr iz;qDr gksrh gSA
;Fkk& vya LoPNUnizykisuA
vya fooknsuA
vya izeknsuA
vya dksykgysuA
([k) î;kZIr* vFkZ esa vye~ dk iz;ksx gksus ij prqFkhZ foHkfDr gksrh gSA
;Fkk& Hkhe% nq;ksZ/uk; vye~A
vtquZ % d.kkZ; vye~A
jke% jko.kk; vye~A
bna nqX/a eáe~ vye~A
okP; osQ rhu Hksn gSa& (i) drZ̀okP; (ii) deZokP; (iii) HkkookP;
dr`ZokP; osQ drkZ esa izFkek foHkfDr] deZ esa f}rh;k foHkfDr rFkk fØ;k dr`Zin osQ iq#"k vkSj
opu osQ vuqlkj gksrh gSA
;Fkk& jke% ikBa iBfrA
deZokP; esa deZin izFkek esa gksrk gS] drkZ r`rh;k esa rFkk fØ;k deZ osQ iq#"k vkSj opu
osQ vuqlkj gksrh gSA
;Fkk & jkes.k ikB% iB~;rsA
HkkookP; vdeZd fØ;k ls gksrk gSA blesa drkZ r`rh;k esa gksrk gS rFkk fØ;k izFkeiq#"k
,dopu esa jgrh gSA
;Fkk & ckyS% gL;rsA
dr`Z] deZ rFkk HkkookP; esa fØ;k:i
dr`ZokP; deZokP;@HkkookP;
iBfr iB~;rs
fy[kfr fy[;rs
[kknfr [kk|rs
ficfr ih;rs
xk;fr xh;rs
Ük`.kksfr Jw;rs
izR;fHkKkue~ 55
fo'ks"k & /krq ls ^;* izR;; yxkdj deZokP;@HkkookP; osQ :i ^lso~* (vkReusinh) /krq osQ
leku cuk;s tkrs gSaA
Dr@Drorq izR;;
^Dr* izR;; Ñr~ izR;; gSA ;g Hkwrdky dk |ksrd gSA bldk iz;ksx rhuksa fyÄõksa esa gksrk gSA bl
izR;; ls cus 'kCn fo'ks"k.k osQ :i esa Hkh iz;qDr gksrs gSaA
;Fkk& èkkrq izR;; ewy 'kCn iaq- L=kh- uiqa-
iB~ Dr ifBr ifBr% ifBrk ifBre~
xe~ Dr xr xr% xrk xre~
n`'k~ Dr n`"V n`"V% n`"Vk n`"Ve~
^Drorq* Hkh Hkwrdkfyd izR;; gSA bldk iz;ksx lnSo dr`ZokP; esa gksrk gSA Drorq izR;;kUr 'kCn
Hkh rhuksa fyÄõksa esa gksrs gSaA
;Fkk& iB~ $ Drorq ¾ ifBror~
,dopu f}opu cgqopu
iq- iz- fo- ifBroku~ ifBroUrkS ifBroUr%
L=kh- iz- fo- ifBrorh ifBroR;kS ifBroR;%
uiqa- iz- fo- ifBror~ ifBrorh ifBrofUr
okP;ifjorZue~
(d) ;su firj% nf'kZrk%A (deZokP;)
;% firù` ~ nf'kZroku~A (drZòkP;)
([k) Hkon~fHk% o;a ifjjf{krk%A (deZokP;)
HkoUr% vLeku~ ifjjf{kroUr%A (drZòkP;)
(x) osQu v;a x`ghr%\ (deZokP;)
d% bea x`ghroku~\ (drZòkP;)
v"Ve% ikB%
ykSgrqyk
izLrqr ikB fo".kq'kekZ }kjk jfpr î×prU=ke~* uked dFkkxzUFk osQ ^fe=kHksn* uked rU=k ls
lÄïfyr gSA blesa fons'k ls ykSVdj th.kZèku uked O;kikjh viuh /jksgj (rjktw) dks lsB ls
ek¡xrk gSA ^rjktw pwgs [kk x;s gSa* ,slk lqudj th.kZ/u mlosQ iq=k dks Luku osQ cgkus unh rV
ij ys tkdj xqiQk esa fNik nsrk gSA lsB }kjk vius iq=k osQ fo"k; esa iwNus ij th.kZ/u dgrk
gS fd îq=k dks ckt mBk ys x;k gSA* bl izdkj fookn djrs gq, nksuksa U;k;ky; igq¡prs gSa tgk¡
èkekZfèkdkjh mUgsa leqfpr U;k; iznku djrs gSaA
vklhr~ dfLaef'pn~ vf/"Bkus th.kZ/uks uke of.kDiq=k%A l p foHko{k;kís'kkUrja xUrqfePNu~

O;fpUr;r~&
;=k ns'ks¿Fkok LFkkus Hkksxk HkqDrk% Looh;Zr%A
rfLeu~ foHkoghuks ;ks olsr~ l iq#"kk/e%AA
rL; p x`gs ykSg?kfVrk iwoiZ #q "kksikftZrk rqyklhr~A rka p dL;fpr~ Jsf"Buks x`gs
fu{ksiHkwrka ÑRok ns'kkUrja izfLFkr%A rr% lqfpja dkya ns'kkUrja ;FksPN;k HkzkURok iqu%
LoiqjekxR; ra Jsf"Bueqokp&^^Hkks% Jsf"Bu~! nh;rka es lk fu{ksirqykA** l vkg&^^Hkks%!
ukfLr lk] Ronh;k rqyk ew"koSQHkZf{krk** bfrA
th.kZ/u vkg&^^Hkks% Jsf"Bu~! ukfLr nks"kLrs] ;fn ew"koSQHkZf{krsfrA bZnx` os k;a lalkj%A
u fdf×pn=k 'kk'orefLrA ijega u|ka LUkkukFk± xfe";kfeA rr~ RoekReh;a f'k'kqeus a
èkunsoukekua e;k lg Lukuksidj.kgLra iz"s k;** bfrA
l Js"Bh Loiq=keqokp&^ôRl! firÒ;ks¿;a ro] LukukFk± ;kL;fr] rn~ xE;rkeusu
lk/Ze*~ * bfrA
vFkklkS of.kfD'k'kq% Lukuksidj.keknk; izâ"Veuk% rsu vH;kxrsu lg izfLFkr%A
rFkkuqf"Brs l of.ko~Q LukRok ra f'k'kqa fxfjxqgk;ka izf{kI;] rn~}kja c`gfPNy;kPNk| lÙoja
x`gekxr%A
ykSgrqyk 57
i`"V'p rsu of.ktk&^^Hkks%! vH;kxr! dF;rka oqQ=k es f'k'kq;LZ Ro;k lg unha xr%**\
bfrA
l vkg&^ûnhrVkRl ';suus âr%** bfrA Js"B~;kg & ^^feF;kokfnu~! ¯d Dofpr~
';suks ckya grq± 'kDuksfr\ rr~ leiZ; es lqre~ vU;Fkk jktoqQys fuosnf;";kfeA** bfrA
l vkg&^^Hkks% lR;okfnu~! ;Fkk ';suks ckya u u;fr] rFkk ew"kdk vfi ykSg?kfVrka
rqyka u Hk{k;fUrA rniZ; es rqyke~] ;fn nkjosQ.k iz;kstue~A** bfrA
,oa foonekukS rkS }kofi jktoqQya xrkSA r=k Js"Bh rkjLojs.k izkos kp&¶Hkks%!
vczã.;e~! vczã.;e~! ee f'k'kqjusu pkSj.s kkiâr%** bfrA
vFk /ekZf/dkfj.kLrewp%q &^^Hkks%! leI;Zrka Jsf"Blqr%**A
l vkg&^^¯d djksfe\ i';rks es unhrVkPN~;us us viâr% f'k'kq%**A bfrA

rPíªRq ok rs izkp
s %q &Hkks%! u lR;efHkfgra Hkork&¯d ';su% f'k'kqa grq± leFkksZ Hkofr\
58 'kseq"kh
l vkg&Hkks% Hkks%! Jw;rka en~op%&
rqyka ykSglgÏL; ;=k [kknfUr ew"kdk%A
jktUr=k gjsPN~;us ks ckyda] uk=k la'k;%AA
rs izkp
s %q &^^dFkesrr~**A
rr% l Js"Bh lH;kukexzs vkfnr% loZa o`ÙkkUra fuosn;keklA rrLrSfoZgL; }kofi rkS
ijLija lacksè; rqyk&f'k'kq&iznkusu lUrksf"krkSA
'kCnkFkkZ%
vf/"Bkus LFkkus LFkku ij
foHko{k;kr~ /ukHkkokr~ /u osQ vHkko osQ dkj.k
Looh;Zr% LoijkØes.k vius ijkØe ls
ykSg?kfVrk rqyk ykSgfufeZrk rqyk yksgs ls cuh gqbZ rjktw
fu{ksi% U;kl% /jksgj
HkzkURok Hkze.ka ÑRok i;ZVu djosQ
(ns'kkVua ÑRok)
Ronh;k ro] Hkonh;k rqEgkjh
bZn`d~ ,rkn`'k% ,slk gh
,ue~ ,re~@,ue~ p iqafl bls] ,rr~ 'kCn iqa- f}- fo-
f}rh;Sdopus mHks ,- o- esa ,rr~@,ue~ nksuksa gh
,o :is Hkor%A :i gksrs gSaA
vkReh;e~ vkRelEcfU/ viuk
Lukuksidj.kgLre~ Lukulkexzh Luku dh lkexzh ls ;qDr gkFk
gLrs ;L; okykA
l%] re~
of.ktk O;kikfj.kk O;kikjh osQ }kjk
';su% fgaldizo`fÙkd% ckt
if{kfo'ks"k%
vczã.;e~ vU;k;:ie~ vuqfpre~ ?kksj vU;k;
ykSgrqyk 59
leiZ; nsfg nks

foonekukS dyga oqQoZUrkS >xM+k djrs gq,
rkjLojs.k mPpLojs.k tksj ls
Åpq% vonu~ cksys
vfHkfgre~ dfFkre~ dgk x;k
e}p% ee opukfu esjh ckrsa
vkfnr% izkjEHkr% vkjEHk ls
fuosn;kekl fuosnuedjksr~ fuosnu fd;k
fogL; gflRok g¡ldj
lacksè; cksèkf;Rok le>k cq>k dj
vH;kl%
(d) ns'kkUrja xUrqfePNu~ of.kDiq=k% ¯d O;fpUr;r~\
([k) Lorqyka ;kpekua th.kZ/ua Js"Bh fde~ vdFk;r~\
(x) th.kZ/u% fxfjxqgk}kja d;k vkPNk| x`gekxr%\
(?k) LukukuUrja iq=kfo"k;s i`"V% of.kDiq=k% Jsf"Bua fde~ mokp\
(Ä) /ekZf/dkfjfHk% th.kZ/uJsf"BukS dFka lUrksf"krkS\
(d) th.kZ/u% foHko{k;kr~ ns'kkUrja xUrqfePNu~ O;fpUr;r~A
([k) Jsf"Bu% f'k'kq% Lukuksidj.keknk; vH;kxrsu lg izfLFkr%A
(x) Js"Bh mPpLojs.k mokp&Hkks% vczãe.;e~ vczãe.;e~A
(?k) lH;S% rkS ijLija lacksè; rqyk&f'k'kq&iznkusu lUrksf"krkSA
3- v/ksfyf[krkuka 'yksdkuke~ viw.kksZ¿Uo;% iznÙk% ikBek/`R; re~ iwj;r&
(d) ;=k ns'ks vFkok LFkkus ----------------- Hkksxk% HkqDrk ----------------- foHkoghu% ;% -------------
l iq#"kk/e%A
([k) jktu~! ;=k ykSglgÏL; ----------------- ew"kdk% ----------------- r=k ';su% ----------------- gjsr~
v=k la'k;% uA
60 'kseq"kh
4- rRina js[kkfÄïra oqQ#r ;=k&
(d) Y;i~ izR;;% ukfLr
fogL;] ykSglgÏL;] lacksè;] vknk;
([k) ;=k f}rh;k foHkfDr% ukfLr
Jsf"Bue~] Lukuksidj.ke~] lÙoje~] dk;Zdkj.ke~
(x) ;=k "k"Bh foHkfDr% ukfLr
i';r%] Looh;Zr%] Jsf"Bu% lH;kuke~
5- lfUèkuk lfUèkfoPNsnsu ok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) Js"B~;kg ¾ ----------------------- $ vkg
([k) ----------------------- ¾ }kS $ vfi
(x) iq#"kksikftZrk ¾ iq#"k $ -----------------------
(?k) ----------------------- ¾ ;Fkk $ bPN;k
(Ä) Lukuksidj.ke~ ¾ ----------------------- $ midj.ke~
(p) ----------------------- ¾ Luku $ vFkZe~
6- leLrina foxzga ok fy[kr&
foxzg% leLrine~
(d) LukuL; midj.ke~ ¾ -----------------------
([k) -------------- -------------- ¾ fxfjxqgk;ke~
(x) /eZL; vf/dkjh ¾ -----------------------
(?k) -------------- -------------- ¾ foHkoghuk%
7- ;Fkkis{ke~ v/ksfyf[krkuka 'kCnkuka lgk;r;k ^^ykSgrqyk** bfr dFkk;k% lkjka'k
laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr&
of.kDiq=k% LUkkukFkZe~
ykSgrqyk v;kpr~
o`ÙkkUra KkRok
Jsf"Bua izR;kxr%
xr% iznkue~
ykSgrqyk 61
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
xzUFk ifjp;
egkdfo fo".kq'kekZ (200 bZ- ls 600 bZ- osQ eè;) us jktk vej'kfDr osQ iq=kksa dks jktuhfr esa
ikjaxr djus osQ mís'; ls î×prU=ke~* uked lqifz l¼ dFkkxzUFk dh jpuk dh FkhA ;g xzUFk ik¡p
Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr gSA bUgha Hkkxksa dks ^rU=k* dgk x;k gSA i×prU=k osQ ik¡p rU=k gSa&fe=kHksn%]
fe=klaizkfIr%] dkdksywdh;e~] yCèkiz.kk'k% vkSj vijhf{krdkjde~A bl xzUFk esa vR;Ur ljy 'kCnksa
esa y?kq dFkk,¡ nh x;h gSaA buosQ ekè;e ls gh ys[kd us uhfr osQ xw<+ rÙoksa dk izfriknu
fd;k gSA
HkkofoLrkj%
^ykSgrqyk* uked dFkk esa nh x;h f'k{kk osQ lUnHkZ esa bu lwfÙkQ;ksa dks Hkh ns[kk tkuk pkfg,A
1- u df'pr~ dL;fpfUe=ka u df'pr~ dL;fpn~ fjiq%A
O;ogkjs.k tk;Urs fe=kkf.k fjioLrFkkAA
2- vkReu% izfrowQykfu ijs"kka u lekpjsr~A
Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%
1-
/krq% Dr% Drorq Drorq vuh;j~ rO;r~ ;r~ Y;qV~ r`p~ .oqy~
iq- L=kh-
√ uh uhr% uhroku~ uhrorh × usrO;e~ us;e~ u;ue~ usrk uk;d%
√ izPN~ i`"V% i`"Voku~ i`"Vorh × iz"VO;e~ × × iz"Vk ×
√ nk nÙk% nÙkoku~ nÙkorh nkuh;e~ nkrO;e~ ns;e~ nkue~ nkrk ×
2- rfly~ izR;;&i×peh fofHkDr osQ vFkZ esa rfly~ izR;; dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
;Fkk& xzkekr~ & xzker% (xzke $ rfly~)
vkns% & vkfnr% (vkfn $ rfly~)
;Fkk& Nk=k% fo|ky;kr~ vkxPNfrA
Nk=k% fo|ky;r% vkxPNfrA
62 'kseq"kh
blh izdkj & x`g $ rfly~ & x`gr% & x`gkr~A
rU=k $ rfly~ & rU=kr% & rU=kkr~A
izFke $ rfly~ & izFker% & izFkekr~A
vkjEHk $ rfly~ & vkjEHkr% & vkjEHkkr~A
3- vfHkr% ifjr% mHk;r%] loZr%] le;k] fud"kk] ^gk* vkSj izfr osQ ;ksx esa f}rh;k
foHkfDr dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
;Fkk& x`ge~ vfHkr% o`{kk% lfUrA
fo|ky;e~ ifjr% nzqek% lfUrA
xzkee~ mHk;r% u|kS izogr%A
gk nqjkpkfj.ke~A
ØhMk{ks=ke~ fud"kk rj.krkye~ vfLrA
ckyd% fo|ky;e~ izfr xPNfrA
uxje~ le;k vkS"k/ky;% fo|rsA
xzkee~ loZr% xkspkj.kHkwfe% vfLrA
uoe% ikB%
fldrklsr%q
izLrqr ukV~;ka'k lksensojfpr dFkklfjRlkxj osQ lIre yEcd (vè;k;) ij vkèkkfjr gSA ;gk¡
rikscy ls fo|k ikus osQ fy, iz;Ru'khy riksnRr uked ,d ckyd dh dFkk dk o.kZu gSA mlosQ
leqfpr ekxZn'kZu osQ fy, os"k cnydj banz mlosQ ikl vkrs gSa vkSj ikl gh xaxk esa ckyw ls
lsrqfuekZ.k osQ dk;Z esa yx tkrs gSaA mUgsa oSlk djrs ns[k riksnRr mudk migkl djrk gqvk dgrk
gS&^vjs! fdlfy, xaxk osQ ty esa O;FkZ gh ckyw ls iqy cukus dk iz;Ru dj jgs gks\* banz mUgsa
mRrj nsrs gSa&;fn i<+us] lquus vkSj v{kjksa dh fyfi osQ vH;kl osQ fcuk rqe fo|k ik ldrs gks
rks ckyw ls iqy cukuk Hkh laHko gSA banz osQ vfHkizk; dks tkudj riksnRr riL;k djuk NksM+dj
xq#tuksa osQ ekxZn'kZu esa fo|k dk Bhd&Bhd vH;kl djus osQ fy, xq#oqQy pyk tkrk gSA
(rr% izfo'kfr riL;kjr% riksnÙk%)

riksnÙk% & vgefLe riksnÙk%A ckY;s fir`pj.kS% Dys';ekuks¿fi fo|ka uk¿èkhrokufLeA
rLekr~ loS%Z oqQVqfEcfHk% fe=kS% KkfrtuS'p xfgZrks¿Hkoe~A
(Åèo± fu%'oL;)
gk fo/s! fdfenEe;k o`Qre~\ dhn`'kh nqcfZq ¼jklhÙknk! ,rnfi u fpfUrra
;r~&
ifj/kuSjyÄïkjSHkwZf"krks¿fi u 'kksHkrsA
ujks fueZf.kHkksxho lHkk;ka ;fn ok x`gAs A1AA
(fdf×pn~ foe`';)
Hkorq] fdesrus \ fnols ekxZHkzkUr% lUè;ka ;kon~ ;fn x`geqifS r rnfi oje~A
uk¿lkS HkzkUrks eU;rsA ,"k bnkuha ri'p;Z;k fo|keokIrqa izoÙ` kks¿fLeA
(tyksPNyuèofu% Jw;rs)
64 'kseq"kh
v;s oqQrks¿;a dYyksyksPNyuèofu%\ egkeRL;ks edjks ok HkosrA~ i';kfe
rkor~A
(iq#"kesda fldrkfHk% lsrfq uekZ.k&iz;kla oqQokZ.ka n`"V~ok lgkle~)
gUr! ukLR;Hkkoks txfr ew[kkZ.kke~! rhozioz kgk;ka u|ka ew<ks¿;a fldrkfHk% lsraq
fuekZraq iz;rrs!
(lkV~Vgkla ik'oZeiq Rs ;)
Hkks egk'k;! fdfena fo/h;rs! vyeya ro Jes.kA i';]
jkeks ccU/ ;a lsraq f'kykfHkeZdjky;sA
fon/n~ ckyqdkfHkLra ;kfl Roefrjkerke~AA2AA
fpUr; rkor~A fldrkfHk% DofpRlsr%q dr±q ;qT;rs\
fldrklsrq% 65
iq#"k% & HkksLrifLou~! dFka ekeqi#.kfRlA iz;Rusu ¯d u fl¼a Hkofr\ dko';drk

f'kykuke~\ fldrkfHkjso lsraq dfj";kfe LoladYin`<r;kA
riksnÙk% & vk'p;Ze!~ fldrkfHkjso lsraq dfj";fl\ fldrk tyizokgs LFkkL;fUr fde~\
Hkork fpfUrra u ok\
iq#"k% & (lksRizkle~) fpfUrra fpfUrre~A lE;d~ fpfUrre~A ukga lksikuekxSjZ V~Vefèkjks<aq
fo'oflfeA leqRIyqR;So xUrqa {keks¿fLeA
riksnÙk% & (lO;Ä~X;e~)
lk/q lk/q! vk×tus;eI;frØkefl!
iq#"k% & (lfoe'kZe~)
dks¿=k lUnsg%\ fd×p]
fouk fyI;{kjKkua riksfHkjso osQoye~A
;fn fo|k o'ks L;qLrs] lsrjq "s k rFkk eeAA3AA
riksnÙk% & (loSy{;e~ vkRexre~)
v;s! ekesoksfí'; Hknzi#q "kks¿;e~ vf/f{kifr! uwua lR;e=k i';kfeA v{kjKkua
fouSo oSn"q ;eokIrqe~ vfHky"kkfe! rfn;a HkxoR;k% 'kkjnk;k voekuukA
xq#x`ga xRoSo fo|kH;klks e;k dj.kh;%A iq#"kkFkSjZ os y{;a izkI;rsA
(izdk'ke~)
Hkks ujksÙke! uk¿ga tkus ;r~ dks¿fLr Hkoku~A ijUrq Hkofn~Hk% mUehfyra es
u;u;qxye~A riksek=ks.k fo|keokIrqa iz;rekuks¿gefi fldrkfHkjso lsrfq uekZ.kiz;kla
djksfeA rfnnkuha fo|kè;;uk; xq#oqQyeso xPNkfeA
(liz.kkea xPNfr)
'kCnkFkkZ%
fldrk ckyqdk jsr
lsrq% tycU/% iqy
riL;kjr% ri%oqQoZu~ riL;k esa yhu
66 'kseq"kh
fir`pj.kS% rkriknS% firkth osQ }kjk
Dys';eku% larkI;eku% O;koqQy fd;k tkrk gqvk
v/hroku~ vè;;ua o`Qroku~ i<+k
oqQVqfEcfHk% ifjokjtuS% oqQVqfEc;ksa }kjk
KkfrtuS% cU/qckU/oS% cU/q&ckU/oksa }kjk
xfgZr% fufUnr% viekfur
fu%'oL; nh?kZ'okla x`ghRok yEch lk¡l ysdj
nqcqZf¼% nqefZ r% nq"V cqf¼okyk
ifj/kuS% oL=kS% diM+ksa ls] igukoksa ls
ekxZHkzkUr% iFkHkz"V% jkg ls HkVdk gqvk
miSfr izkIuksfr] lehia xPNfr tkrk gS] lehi tkrk gS
ri'p;Z;k rilk riL;k osQ }kjk
tyksPNyuèofu% tyksèoZxrs% 'kCn% ikuh osQ mNyus dh vkokt
dYyksyksPNyuèofu% rjÄõksPNyuL; 'kCn% rjaxksa osQ mNyus dh èofu
oqQokZ.ke~ oqQoZUre~ djrs gq,
lgkle~ gkliwoZde~ g¡lrs gq,
lksRizkle~ migkliwoZde~ f[kYyh mM+krs gq,] pqVdh
ysrs gq,
lkV~Vgkle~ vV~VgkliwoZde~ tksj ls g¡ldj
vV~Ve~ vV~Vkfydke~ vVkjh dks
vf/jks<qe~ mifj xUrqe~ p<+us osQ fy,
mi#.kfRl vojks/a djksf"k jksdrs gks
vk×Tkus;e~ guqeUre~ v×tfuiq=k guqeku~ dks
lfoe'kZe~ fopkjlfgre~ lksp&fopkj dj
loSy{;e~ lyTte~ yTtkiwod Z
oSnq";e~ ikf.MR;e~ fo}Rrk
mUehfyre~ mn~?kkfVre~ [kksy nh
fldrklsrq% 67
vH;kl%
(d) vu/hr% riksnÙk% oSQ% xfgZrks¿Hkor~\
([k) riksnÙk% osQu izdkjs.k fo|keokIrqa izoÙ` kks¿Hkor~\
(x) riksnÙk% iq#"kL; dka ps"Vka n`"V~ok vglr~\
(?k) riksek=ks.k fo|ka izkIrqa rL; iz;kl% dhn`'k% dfFkr%\
(Ä) vUrs riksnÙk% fo|kxzg.kk; oqQ=k xr%\
2- fHkUuoxhZ;a ina fpuqr&
;Fkk& vf/jks<qe~] xUrqe~] lsreq ]~ fuekZrqe~A
(d) fu%'oL;] fpUr;] foe`';] misR;A
([k) fo'oflfe] i';kfe] dfj";kfe] vfHky"kkfeA
(x) riksfHk%] nqcqZf¼%] fldrkfHk%] dqVqfEcfHk%A
3- (d) js[kkfÄïrkfu loZukeinkfu dLeS iz;qDrkfu\
(i) vyeya ro Jes.kA
(ii) u vga lksikuekxSjZ V~Vef/jks<qa fo'oflfeA
(iii) fpfUrra Hkork u okA
(iv) xq#x`ga xRoSo fo|kH;klks e;k dj.kh;%A
(v) Hkofn~Hk% mUehfyra es u;u;qxye~A
([k) v/ksfyf[krkfu dFkukfu d% oaQ izfr dFk;fr\
dFkukfu d% de~
(i) gk fo/s! fdfena e;k Ñre~\ ---------------- ----------------
(ii) Hkks egk'k;! fdfena fo/h;rsA ---------------- ----------------
(iii) HkksLrifLou~! dFka eke~ mi#.kfRlA ---------------- ----------------
(iv) fldrk% tyizokgs LFkkL;fUr fde~\ ---------------- ----------------
(v) ukga tkus dks¿fLr Hkoku~\ ---------------- ----------------
(d) riksnÙk% ri'p;Z;k fo|keokIrqa izo`Ùkks¿fLrA
([k) riksnÙk% oqQVqfEcfHk% fe=kS% xfgZr% vHkor~A
68 'kseq"kh
(x) iq#"k% u|ka fldrkfHk% lsrqa fuekZrqa iz;rrsA
(?k) riksnÙk% v{kjKkua fouSo oSnq";eokIrqe~ vfHky"kfrA
(Ä) riksnÙk% fo|kè;;uk; xq#oqQye~ vxPNr~A
(p) xq#x`ga xRoSo fo|kH;kl% dj.kh;%A
5- mnkgj.keuql`R; v/ksfyf[krfoxzginkuka leLrinkfu fy[kr&
foxzginkfu leLrinkfu
;Fkk& ladYiL; lkrR;su ladYilkrR;su
(d) v{kjk.kka Kkue~ ------------------------------
([k) fldrk;k% lsrq% ------------------------------
(x) firq% pj.kS% ------------------------------
(?k) xqjks% x`ge~ ------------------------------
(Ä) fo|k;k% vH;kl% ------------------------------
6- mnkgj.keuql`R; v/ksfyf[krkuka leLrinkuka foxzga oqQ#r&
leLrinkfu foxzg%
;Fkk& u;u;qxye~ u;u;ks% ;qxye~
(d) tyizokgs ------------------------------
([k) ri'p;Z;k ------------------------------
(x) tyksPNyuèofu% ------------------------------
(?k) lsrqfuekZ.kiz;kl% ------------------------------
7- mnkgj.keuql`R; dks"Bdkr~ ine~ vknk; uwrua okD;};a jp;r&
(d) ;Fkk& vya fpUr;kA (^vye~* ;ksxs r`rh;k)
(i) ------------------------- ------------------------- (Hk;)
(ii) ------------------------- ------------------------- (dksykgy)
([k) ;Fkk& eke~ vuq l xPNfrA (^vuq* ;ksxs f}rh;k)
(i) ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- (x`g)
(ii) ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- (ioZr)
fldrklsrq% 69
(x) ;Fkk& v{kjKkua fouSo oSnq";a izkIrqefHky"kflA (^fouk* ;ksxs f}rh;k)

(i) ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- (ifjJe)
(ii) ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- (vH;kl)
(?k) ;Fkk& lUè;ka ;kor~ x`geqiSfrA (^;kor~* ;ksxs f}rh;k)
(i) ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- (ekl)
(ii) ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- (o"kZ)
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) dfo ifjp; & dFkklfjRlkxj osQ jpf;rk d'ehj fuoklh Jh lksenso HkV~V gSaA ;s
d'ehj osQ jktk Jh vuUrnso osQ lHkkif.Mr FksA dfo us jkuh lw;Zerh osQ euks&fouksn osQ
fy, dFkklfjRlkxj uked xzUFk dh jpuk dhA bl xzUFk dk ewy egkdfo xq.kk<~; dh
c`gRdFkk (izkÑr xzUFk) gSA
([k) xzUFk ifjp; & dFkklfjRlkxj vusd dFkkvksa dk egkleqnz gSA bl xzUFk esa vBkjg yEcd
gSaA ewydFkk dh iqf"V osQ fy, vusd midFkk,¡ of.kZr dh xbZ gSaA izLrqr dFkk jRuizHkk uked
yEcd ls lÄfï yr dh xbZ gSA Kku&izkfIr osQoy riL;k ls ugha] cfYd xq# osQ lehi tkdj
vè;;ukfn dk;ks± osQ djus ls gksrh gSA ;gh bl dFkk dk lkj gSA
(x) i;kZ;okfpu% 'kCnk%&
bnkuhe~ & v/quk] lkEizre~] lEizfrA
tye~ & okfj] mnde~] lfyye~A
unh & lfjr~] rfVuh] rjfÄ.õ khA
iq#"kkFkZ% & m|ksx%] m|e%] ifjJe%A
(?k) foykse'kCnk%&
nqcqZf¼% & lqcqf¼%
xfgZr% & iz'kaflr%
izo`Ùk% & fuo`Ùk%
vH;kl% & vuH;kl%
lR;e~ & vlR;e~
70 'kseq"kh
(Ä) rqequ~&izR;;&iz;ksx%&
(^rqequ~* izR;; esa ^rqe~* 'ks"k cprk gSA ^rqequ~* bR;srL; ^rqe~* bR;so Hkkxks¿of'k";rs)
;Fkk&
O √ Ñ $ rqequ~ ¾ drqe Z ~ O √ xe~ $ rqequ~ ¾ xUrqe~
O vf/ $ √ #g~ $ rqequ~ ¾ vf/jks<qe~ O fuj~ $ √ ek $ rqequ~ ¾ fuekZrqe~
O vo $√ vki~ $ rqequ~ ¾ vokIrqe~
(p) vkRexre~ & ukVdksa esa iz;qDr ;g ,d ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCn gSA tc uV ;k vfHkusrk jaxe×p
ij vius dFku dks nwljksa dks lqukuk ugha pkgrk] eu esa gh lksprk gS rc mlosQ dFku dks
^vkRexre~* dgk tkrk gSA
(N) izdk'ke~ & tc uV ;k vfHkusrk osQ laokn jaxe×p ij n'kZdksa osQ lkeus izdV fd;s tkrs
gSa] rc mu laoknksa dks îzdk'ke~* 'kCn ls lwfpr fd;k tkrk gSA
(t) vfrjkerk & jke ls vkxs c<+ tkus dh fLFkfr dks ^vfrjkerk* dgk x;k gS&jkee~
vfrØkUr% ¾ vfrjke%] rL; Hkko% ¾ vfrjkerkA jke us f'kykvksa ls leqnz esa lsrq dk
fuekZ.k fd;k FkkA foiz&:i/kjh bUnz dks fldrk&d.kksa ls lsrq cukrs ns[k riksnÙk mudk
migkl djrs gq, dgrk gS fd rqe jke ls vkxs c<+ tkuk pkgrs gksA
fuEufyf[kr dgkorksa dks ikB esa vk, gq, laLÑr okD;ka'k esa igpkfu;s&
(i) lqcg dk Hkwyk 'kke dks ?kj ykSV vk;s] rks Hkwyk ugha dgykrk gSA
(ii) esjh vk¡[ksa [kqy xb±A
(>) vk×tus;e~ & v×tuk osQ iq=k gksus osQ dkj.k guqeku~ dks vk×tus; dgk tkrk gSA guqeku~
mNydj dgha Hkh tkus esa leFkZ FksA blfy, bUnz osQ ;g dgus ij fd eSa lh<+h ls tkus esa
fo'okl ugha djrk gw¡ vfirq mNydj gh tkus esa leFkZ gw¡] riksnÙk fiQj ls migkl djrs
gq, dgrk gS fd igys vkius iqy fuekZ.k esa jke dks yk¡?k fy;k vkSj vc mNyus esa guqeku~
dks Hkh yk¡?kus dh bPNk dj jgs gSaA
(×k) v{kjKkuL; ekgkRE;e~&
(i) fo|k/ua loZ/uiz/kue~A
(ii) ¯d ¯d u lk/;fr dYiyrso fo|kA
(iii) ;% iBfr fy[kfr i';fr ifji`PNfr if.MrkuqikJ;rsA
rL; fnokdjfdj.kS% ufyuhnyfeo fodkL;rs cqf¼%AA
vè;srO;% xzUFk%&
dFkklfjRlkxj (laf{kIr fgUnh :ikUrj) jk/koYyHk f=kikBh] us'kuy cqd VªLV] ubZ fnYyhA
n'ke% ikB%
tVk;ks% 'kkS;eZ ~
izLrqr ikB~;ka'k vkfndfo okYehfd&iz.khr jkek;.ke~ osQ vj.;dk.M ls m¼`r fd;k x;k gS ftlesa
tVk;q vkSj jko.k osQ ;q¼ dk o.kZu gSA iapoVh dkuu esa lhrk dk d#.k foyki lqudj if{kJs"B
tVk;q mudh j{kk osQ fy, nkSM+sA os jko.k dks ijnkjkfHke'kZu:i fuU| ,oa nq"deZ ls fojr gksus osQ
fy, dgrs gSaA jko.k dh vifjofrZr eukso`fÙk dks ns[k os ml ij Hk;kog vkØe.k djrs gSaA
egkcyh tVk;q vius rh[ks u[kksa rFkk i×tksa ls jko.k osQ 'kjhj esa vusd ?kko dj nsrs gSa rFkk i×tksa
osQ izgkj ls mlosQ fo'kky èkuq"k dks [kafMr dj nsrs gSaA VwVs èkuq"k] ekjs x;s v'oksa vkSj lkjFkh okyk
jko.k fojFk gksdj i`Foh ij fxj iM+rk gSA oqQN gh {k.kksa ckn Øks/ka/ jko.k tVk;q ij izk.k?kkrd
izgkj djrk gS ijarq if{kJs"B tVk;q mlls viuk cpko dj ml ij p×pq&izgkj djrs gSa] mlosQ
ck;sa Hkkx dh n'kksa Hkqtkvksa dks {kr&fo{kr dj nsrs gSaA
lk rnk d#.kk okpks foyiUrh lqn%q f[krkA

ouLifrxra x`/za nn'kkZ;rykspuk AA1AA
tVk;ks i'; ekek;Z fß;ek.kkeukFkor~ A
vusu jk{klsUnzs.k d#.ka ikideZ.kk AA2AA
ra 'kCneolqIrLrq tVk;qjFk 'kqJqosA
fujh{; jko.ka f{kiza oSnsgha p nn'kZ l% AA3AA
rr% ioZ r 'k` Ä õ k HkLrh{.krq . M% [kxks Ù ke%A
ouLifrxr% JhekUO;ktgkj 'kqHkka fxje~ AA4AA
fuorZ; efra uhpka ijnkjkfHke'kZukr~A
u rRlekpjs¼hjks ;Rijks¿L; foxgZ;rs ~ AA5AA
72 'kseq"kh
o`¼ks¿ga Roa ;qok /Uoh ljFk% doph 'kjhA
u pkI;knk; dq'kyh oSnsgha es xfe";fl AA6AA
rL; rh{.ku[kkH;ka rq pj.kkH;ka egkcy%A
pdkj cgq/k xk=ks oz.kkUirxlÙke% AA7AA
rrks¿L; l'kja pkia eqDrkef.kfoHkwf"kre~A

pj.kkH;ka egkrstk cHk×TkkL; eg¼uq% AA8AA
l HkXu/Uok fojFkks grk'oks grlkjfFk%A
vÄusï knk; oSngs ha iikr Hkqfo jko.k% AA9AA
tVk;ks% 'kkS;Ze~ 73
laifj"oT; oSnsgha okesukÄuïs jko.k%A

rysukfHkt?kkuk'kq tVk;qa Øks/ewfPZNr% AA10AA
tVk;qLrefrØE; rq.MsukL; [kxkf/i%A
okeckgwUn'k rnk O;ikgjnfjUne% AA11AA
'kCnkFkkZ%
fß;ek.kke~ uh;ekuke~ ys tkbZ tkrh@vigj.k dh tkrh gqbZ
jk{klsUnzs.k nkuoifruk jk{klksa osQ jktk }kjk
ijnkjkfHke'kZukr~ ijL=khLi'kkZr~ ijkbZ L=kh osQ Li'kZ ls
foxgZ;sr~ fuU|kr~ fuUnk djuh pkfg,
/Uoh /uq/Zj% /uq/Zj
doph dop/kjh dop /kj.k fd, gq,
'kjh ck.k/j% ck.k dks fy, gq,
O;ktgkj vdFk;r~ dgk
fuorZ; okj.ka oqQ# euk djks] jksdks
O;ikgjr~ mR[kkroku~ m[kkM+ fn;k
oSnsghe~ lhrke~ lhrk dks
oz.kku~ izgkjtfurLiQksVku~ izgkj (pksV) ls gksus okys ?kkoksa dks
cHk×t HkXua Ñroku~ rksM+ fn;k
irxs'oj% tVk;q% tVk;q (if{kjkt)
fo/w; vilk;Z nwj gVkdj
HkXu/Uok HkXua /uq% ;L; l% VwVs gq, /uq"k okyk
grk'o% grk% v'ok% ;L; l% ekjs x, ?kksM+ksa okyk
vknk; x`ghRok ysdj
vfHkt?kku groku~ ekj Mkyk
vk'kq 'kh?kze~ 'kh?kz gh
rq.Msu eq[ksu] p×Pok pksap osQ }kjk
[kxkf/i% if{kjkt% if{k;ksa dk jktk
vfjUne% 'k=kqneu%] 'k=kquk'kd% 'k=kqvksa dks u"V djus okyk
74 'kseq"kh
vH;kl%
(d) ¶tVk;ks! i';¸ bfr dk onfr\
([k) tVk;q% jko.ka fda dFk;fr\
(x) Øks/o'kkr~ jko.k% fda drqZe~ m|r% vHkor~\
(?k) irxs'oj% jko.kL; dhn`'ka pkia l'kja cHk×t\
(Ä) grk'oks grlkjfFk% jko.k% dq=k virr~\
2- mnkgj.keuql`R; f.kfu&izR;;iz;ksxa ÑRok inkfu jp;r&
;Fkk& xq.k $ f.kfu & xqf.ku~ (xq.kh)
nku $ f.kfu & nkfuu~ (nkuh)
(d) dop $ f.kfu & --------------
([k) 'kj $ f.kfu & --------------
(x) oqQ'ky $ f.kfu & --------------
(?k) /u $ f.kfu & --------------
(Ä) n.M $ f.kfu & --------------
3- jko.kL; tVk;ks'p fo'ks"k.kkfu lfEefyr:is.k fyf[krkfu rkfu i`Fkd~&i`Fko~Q ÑRok
fy[kr&
;qok] l'kj%] o`¼%] grk'o%] egkcy%] irxlÙke%] HkXu/Uok] egkx`èkz%]
[kxkf/i%] Øks/ewfPZNr%] irxs'oj%] ljFk%] doph] 'kjh
;Fkk&
jko.k% tVk;q%
;qok o`¼%
---------------------- ----------------------
---------------------- ----------------------
---------------------- ----------------------
---------------------- ----------------------
---------------------- ----------------------
---------------------- ----------------------
tVk;ks% 'kkS;Ze~ 75
4- lfU/a@lfU/foPNsna ok oqQ#r&
;Fkk& p $ vknk; ¾ pknk;
(d) gr $ v'o% ¾ --------------
([k) rq.Msu $ vL; ¾ --------------
(x) -------------- $ -------------- ¾ cHk×tkL;
(?k) -------------- $ -------------- ¾ vÄïsuknk;
(Ä) -------------- $ -------------- ¾ [kxkf/i%
5- ^d* LrEHks fyf[krkuka inkuka i;kZ;k% ^[k* LrEHks fyf[krk%A rku~ ;Fkkle{ka ;kst;r&
d [k
doph virr~
vk'kq if{kJs"B%
fojFk% i`fFkO;ke~
iikr dop/kjh
Hkqfo 'kh?kze~
irxlÙke% jFkfoghu%
6- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka@foykseinkfu e×tw"kk;ka nÙks"kq ins"kq fpRok ;Fkkle{ka fy[kr&
eUne~ iq.;deZ.kk glUrh vuk;Z vufrØE;
iznk; nsosUnzs.k iz'kalsr~ nf{k.ksu ;qok
inkfu foykse'kCnk%
(d) foyiUrh -----------------
([k) vk;Z -----------------
(x) jk{klsUnzs.k -----------------
(?k) ikideZ.kk -----------------
(Ä) f{kize~ -----------------
(p) foxgZ;sr~ -----------------
(N) o`¼% -----------------
(t) vknk; -----------------
(>) okesu -----------------
(×k) vfrØE; -----------------
76 'kseq"kh
7- (d) v/ksfyf[krkfu fo'ks"k.kinkfu iz;qT; laLÑrokD;kfu jp;r&
(i) 'kqHkke~ ----------------- (iv) [kxkf/i% -----------------
(ii) grlkjfFk% ----------------- (v) okesu -----------------
(iii) doph -----------------
([k) mnkgj.keuql`R; leLra ina jp;r&
;Fkk& =k;k.kka yksdkuka lekgkj% & f=kyksdh
(i) i×pkuka oVkuka lekgkj% & ------------------------
(ii) lIRkkuka inkuka lekgkj% & ------------------------
(iii) v"Vkuka Hkqtkuka lekgkj% & ------------------------
(iv) prq.kk± eq[kkuka lekgkj% & ------------------------
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) dfo ifjp;
egf"kZ okYehfd vkfndkO; jkek;.k osQ jpf;rk gaSA dgk tkrk gS fd okYehfd dk ân;]
,d O;k/ }kjk ØhMkjr ØkS×p;qxy (if{k;ksa osQ tksM+s) esa ls ,d osQ ekj fn;s tkus ij
mldh lgpjh osQ foyki dks lqudj nzfor gks x;k rFkk muosQ eq[k ls 'kki osQ :i esa
tks ok.kh fudyh og 'yksd osQ :i esa FkhA ogh 'yksd ykSfdd laLÑr dk vkfn'yksd
ekuk tkrk gS&
ek fu"kkn izfr"Bka Roexe% 'kk'orh% lek%A
;RØkS×pfeFkquknsdeo/h% dkeeksfgre~AA
([k) Hkko foLrkj
tVk;q&lw;Z osQ lkjFkh v#.k osQ nks iq=k Fks&lEikrh vkSj tVk;qA tVk;q i×poVh ou osQ
if{k;ksa dk jktk Fkk tgk¡ vius ijkØe ,oa cqf¼dkS'ky ls 'kklu djrk FkkA i×poVh esa
jko.k }kjk vigj.k dh x;h lhrk osQ foyki dks lqudj tVk;q us lhrk dh j{kk osQ fy,
jko.k osQ lkFk ;q¼ fd;k vkSj ohjxfr ikbZA bl izdkj jkt&/eZ dh j{kk esa vius izk.kksa dk
mRlxZ djus okys tVk;q dks Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dk egku~ uk;d ekuk tkrk gSA
(x) lhrk fo"k;d lwpuk nsrs gq, tVk;q us jke ls tks opu dgs os bl izdkj gSa&
;keks " k/hfeok;q " eÂUos " kfl egkous A
lk p nsoh ee izk.kk% jko.ksuksHk;a âre~AA
tVk;ks% 'kkS;Ze~ 77
Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%
(?k) okD; iz;ksx
z fxje~ & Nk=k% e/qjka fxje~ mokpA
z irxs'oj% & if{kjkt% tVk;q% irxs'oj% vfi dF;rsA
z 'kjh & 'kjh jko.k% fu%'kL=ks.k tVk;quk vkØkUr%A
z fo/w; & ohj% 'k=kqizgkjku~ fo/w; vxzs vxPNr~A
z oz.kku~ & fpfdRld% vkS"k/su oz.kku~ fojksfirku~ vdjksr~A
z iikr & o`{k% dqBkjs.k fNUu% lu~ HkwekS iikrA
z rq.Msu & 'kqdk% rq.Msu r.Mqyku~ [kknfUrA
z O;ikgjr~ & tVk;q% jko.kL; ckgwu~ O;ikgjr~A
z vk'kq & Lodk;Ze~ vk'kq lEikn;A
z vfHkt?kku & jke% ous vusdku~ jk{klku~ vfHkt?kkuA
(Ä) L=khizR;;&
Vki~ izR;;&d#.kk] nqf[krk] 'kqHkk] fuEuk] j{k.kh;k
Ähi~ izR;;&foyiUrh] ;'kfLouh] oSnsgh] deyi=kk{kh
fr izR;;&;qofr%
iafq YyÄõ 'kCnksa ls L=khfyÄõ in fuekZ.k esa Vki~&Ähi~&fr izR;; iz;qDr gksrs gSaA Vki~ izR;;
dk ^vk* rFkk Ähi~ izR;; dk ^bZ* 'ks"k jgrk gSA
;Fkk&
z ew"kd $ Vki~ ¾ ewf"kdk
z ckyd $ Vki~ ¾ ckfydk
z v'o $ Vki~ ¾ v'ok
z oRl $ Vki~ ¾ oRlk
z glu~ $ Ähi~ ¾ glUrh
z ekuq"k% $ Ähi~ ¾ ekuq"kh
z ekfuu~ $ Ähi~ ¾ ekfuuh
z jktu~ $ Ähi~ ¾ jkKh
,dkn'k% ikB%
i;kZoj.ke~
izLrqr ikB~;ka'k i;kZoj.k dks è;ku esa j[kdj fy[kk x;k ,d y?kq fucUèk gSA orZeku ;qx esa iznwf"kr
okrkoj.k ekuo&thou osQ fy, Hk;Äjï vfHk'kki cu x;k gSA ufn;ksa dk ty dyqf"kr gks jgk gS]
ou o`{kksa ls jfgr gks jgs gSa] feV~Vh dk dVko c<+us ls ck<+ dh leL;k,¡ c<+rh tk jgh gSaA
dy&dkj[kkuksa vkSj okguksa osQ /q,¡ ls ok;q fo"kSyh gks jgh gSA oU;&izkf.k;ksa dh tkfr;k¡ Hkh u"V
gks jgh gSaA oSKkfudksa osQ vuqlkj o`{kksa ,oa ouLifr;ksa osQ vHkko esa euq";ksa osQ fy, thfor jguk
vlEHko izrhr gksrk gSA i=k] iq"i] iQy] dk"B] Nk;k ,oa vkS"kf/ iznku djus okys ikniksa ,oa o`{kksa
dh mi;ksfxrk orZeku le; esa iwokZis{k;k vf/d gSA ,slh ifjfLFkfr esa gekjk drZO; gS fd ge
i;kZoj.k osQ laj{k.kkFkZ mik; djsaA o`{kksa osQ jksi.k] unh&ty dh LoPNrk] mQtkZ osQ laj{k.k] okih]
owQi] rM+kx] m|ku vkfn osQ fuekZ.k vkSj mudks LoPN j[kus esa iz;Ru'khy gksa rkfd thou lq[ke;
,oa minzo jfgr gks losQA
izÑfr% les"kka izkf.kuka laj{k.kk; ;rrsA b;a lokZu~ iq".kkfr fofoèkS%S izdkjS%] riZ;fr p
lq[klk/uS%A i`fFkoh] tya] rstks] ok;q%] vkdk'k'pkL;k% ize[q kkfu rÙokfuA rkU;so
fefyRok i`FkDr;k ok¿Lekda i;kZoj.ka jp;fUrA vkfoz;rs ifjr% leUrkr~ yksdks¿usus fs r
i;kZoj.ke~A ;Fkk¿tkrf''k'kq% ekr`xHksZ lqjf{krfLr"Bfr rFkSo ekuo% i;kZoj.koqQ{kkSA ifj"Ñra
izn"w k.kjfgra p i;kZoj.keLeH;a lkalkfjoaQ thoulq[ka] lf}pkja] lR;lÄYï ia ekÄfõ ydlkexzh×p
iznnkfrA izÑfrdksi%S vkrfÄïrks tu% fda drq± izHkofr\ tyIykouS%] vfXuHk;S%] HkwdEiS%]
okR;kpozQS %] mYdkikrkfnfHk'p lUrIrL; ekuoL; Do eÄõye~\
vr,o izÑfrjLekfHk% j{k.kh;kA rsu p i;kZoj.ka jf{kra Hkfo";frA izkphudkys
yksdeÄõyk'kaflu Í"k;ks ous fuolfUr LeA ;rks fg ous ,o lqjf{kra i;kZoj.keqiyH;rs
LeA fofo/k fogxk% dyowQftrSLr=k Jks=kjlk;ua nnfrA
i;kZoj.ke~ 79
lfjrks fxfjfu>Zjk'p ve`rLoknq fueZya tya iz;PNfUrA o`{kk yrk'p iQykfu

iq"ikf.k bU/udk"Bkfu p ckgqY;su leqigjfUrA 'khryeUnlqxU/ouiouk vkS"kèkdYia
izk.kok;aq forjfUrA
ijUrq LokFkkZU/ks ekuoLrnso i;kZoj.ke| uk'k;frA LoYiykHkk; tuk cgqeYw ;kfu

oLrwfu uk'k;fUrA ;U=kkxkjk.kka fo"kkDra tya u|ka fuikR;rs ;su eRL;knhuka typjk.kka p
{k.ksuoS uk'kks tk;rsA unhtyefi rRloZFkk¿is;a tk;rsA ouo`{kk fufoZod
s a fN|Urs O;kikjoèkZuk;]
;su vo`f"V% izo/Zr]s oui'ko'p 'kj.kjfgrk xzkes"kq minzoa fon/frA 'kq¼ok;qjfi o`{kdrZukr~
lÄïVkiUuks tkr%A ,oa fg LokFkkZU/ekuoSfoZÑfreqixrk izÑfrjso rs"kka fouk'kd=khZ l×tkrkA
i;kZoj.ks foÑfreqixrs tk;Urs fofo/k jksxk Hkh"k.kleL;k'pA rRloZfenkuha fpUruh;a
izfrHkkfrA
/eksZ j{kfr jf{kr% bR;k"kZopue~A i;kZoj.kj{k.kefi èkeZL;SokÄõfefr Í"k;%
izfrikfnroUr%A rr ,o okihowQirMkxkfnfuekZ.ka nsok;rufoJkex`gkfnLFkkiu×p
80 'kseq"kh
èkeZfl¼s% Ïksrks:is.kkÄhõ Ñre~A oqQDoqQjlwdjliZuoqQykfnLFkypjk] eRL;dPNiedjizHk`r;ks
typjk'pkfi j{k.kh;k%] ;rLrs LFkyeykiuksfnuks tyeykigkfj.k'pA izÑfrj{k;So lEHkofr
yksdj{ksfr u la'k;%A
'kCnkFkkZ%
iq".kkfr iks"k.ka djksfr iq"V djrk gS
vtkr% f'k'kq% vuqRiUutkrd% vtUek f'k'kq
oqQ{kkS xHksZ xHkZ esa
tyIykouS% tykS?kS% ck<+ ls
okR;kpoSzQ% okrpoSQz % vk¡/h] coaMj
yksdeÄõyk'kaflu% lektdY;k.kdkek% turk osQ dY;k.k dks pkgus okys
Jks=kjlk;ue~ d.kkZe`re~ dku dks vPNk yxus okyk
fxfjfu>Zjk% ioZrkuka izikrk% igkM+ksa ls fudyus okys >jus
;U=kkxkjk.kke~ ;U=kky;kuke~ dkj[kkuksa osQ
vis;e~ ikrqe~ v;ksX;e~ u ihus ;ksX;
o`{kdrZukr~ o`{kk.kke~ mPNsnkr~ isM+ksa osQ dkVus ls
nsok;rue~ nsoky;%] efUnje~ efUnj
LFkyeykiuksfnu% Hkwfeeykilkfj.k% Hkwfe dh xUnxh dks nwj djus okys
vH;kl%
1- vèkksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqÙkjkf.k laLd`rHkk"k;k fy[kr&

(d) izd`rs% izeq[krÙokfu dkfu lfUr\
([k) LokFkkZU/% ekuo% ¯d djksfr\
(x) i;kZoj.ks fod`rs tkrs ¯d Hkofr\
(?k) vLekfHk% i;kZoj.kL; j{kk dFka dj.kh;k\
(Ä) yksdj{kk dFka laHkofr\
(p) ifj"o`Qra i;kZoj.ke~ vLeH;a ¯d ¯d nnkfr\
i;kZoj.ke~ 81

(d) ouo`{kk% fufoZosda fN|UrsA
([k) o`{kdrZukr~ 'kq¼ok;q% u izkI;rsA
(x) izd`fr% thoulq[ka iznnkfrA
(?k) vtkrf''k'kq% ekr`xHksZ lqjf{kr% fr"BfrA
(Ä) i;kZoj.kj{k.ka /eZL; vÄõe~ vfLrA
3- mnkgj.keuql`R; injpuka oqQ#r&
(d) ;Fkk& tys pjfUr bfr & typjk%
LFkys pjfUr bfr & -----------------------
fu'kk;ka pjfUr bfr & -----------------------
O;ksfEu pjfUr bfr & -----------------------
fxjkS pjfUr bfr & -----------------------
HkwekS pjfUr bfr & -----------------------
([k) ;Fkk& u is;e~ bfr & vis;e~
u o`f"V bfr & -----------------------
u lq[ke~ bfr & -----------------------
u Hkko% bfr & -----------------------
u iw.kZ% bfr & -----------------------
4- mnkgj.keuql`R; infuekZ.ka oqQ#r&
;Fkk&fo $ o`Q $ fDru~ ¾ foÑfr%
(d) iz $ xe~ $ fDru~ ¾ -----------------------
([k) n`'k~ $ fDru~ ¾ -----------------------
(x) xe~ $ fDru~ ¾ -----------------------
(?k) eu~ $ fDru~ ¾ -----------------------
(Ä) 'ke~ $ fDru~ ¾ -----------------------
(p) Hkh $ fDru~ ¾ -----------------------
(N) tu~ $ fDru~ ¾ -----------------------
(t) Hkt~ $ fDru~ ¾ -----------------------
(>) uh $ fDru~ ¾ -----------------------
82 'kseq"kh
5- funsZ'kkuqlkja ifjorZ;r&
;Fkk&LokFkkZU/ks ekuo% v| i;kZoj.ka uk'k;fr (cgqopus)A
LokFkkZU/k% ekuok% v| i;kZoj.ka uk'k;fUrA
(d) lUrIrL; ekuoL; eÄõya oqQr%\ (cgqopus)
([k) ekuok% i;kZoj.koqQ{kkS lqjf{krk% HkofUrA (,dopus)
(x) ouo`{kk% fufoZosda fN|UrsA (,dopus)
(?k) fxfjfu>Zjk% fueZya tya iz;PNfUrA (f}opus)
(Ä) lfjr~ fueZya tya iz;PNfrA (cgqopus)
6- i;kZoj.kj{k.kk; HkoUr% fda dfj";fUr bfr fo"k;s i×p okD;kfu fy[krA
;Fkk& vga fo"kkDre~ vodja unh"kq u ikrf;";kfeA
(d) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7- (d) mnkgj.keuql`R; milxkZu~ i`FkDÑRok fy[kr&
;Fkk& laj{k.kk; & le~
(i) izHkofr & ----------------------
(ii) miyH;rs & ----------------------
(iii) fuolfUr & ----------------------
(iv) leqigjfUr & ----------------------
(v) forjfUr & ----------------------
(vi) iz;PNfUr & ----------------------
(vii) mixrk & ----------------------
(viii) izfrHkkfr & ----------------------
i;kZoj.ke~ 83
([k) mnkgj.keuql`R; v/ksfyf[krkuka leLrinkukaa foxzga fy[kr&

;Fkk& rstksok;q% & rst% ok;q% pA
fxfjfu>ZZjk% & fxj;% fu>Zjk% pA
(i) i=kiq"is & ----------------------
(ii) yrko`{kkS & ----------------------
(iii) i'kqi{kh & ----------------------
(iv) dhVirÄkõ S & ----------------------
ifj;kstukdk;Ze~
(d) fo|ky;izkÄõ.ks fLFkrL; m|kuL; o`{kk% iknik'p dFka lqjf{krk% L;q% rnFk± iz;Ru%
dj.kh;% bfr lIrokD;s"kq fy[krA
([k) vfHkHkkodL; f'k{kdL; ok lg;ksxsu ,dL; o`{kL; vkjksi.ka dj.kh;e~A (;fn LFkkue~
vfLrA) rfgZ fo|ky;&izkÄõ.ks] ukfLr psr~ LofLeu~ izfros'ks] x`gs okA) Ñra lo±
nSufUnU;ka fyf[kRok f'k{koaQ n'kZ;rA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) fPo izR;; dk iz;ksx &
vHkwrrn~Hkkos fPo & tks oLrq igys u gks mlosQ gks tkus esa fPo izR;; dk iz;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA fPo izR;; dk iz;ksx osQoy Hkw rFkk o`Q /krqvksa osQ lkFk gksrk gSA 'kCn
osQ vfUre Loj dk ^bZ* gks tkrk gSA
;Fkk& vÄhõ Ñre~ & vuÄLõ ; (vLoho`QrL;) vÄaõ Ñre~ vÄhõ o`Qre~ (Loho`Qre~)
Ñ".khfØ;rs & vÑ".kL; Ñ".k% fØ;rs
czãhHkofr & vczã.k% czã Hkofr
nzohfØ;rs & vnzoL; nzo% fØ;rs
([k) fuEufyf[kr 'kCn;qXeksa osQ Hksn ns[kus ;ksX; gSa&
lÄïYi% & lRlÄïYi%
vkpkj% & lnkpkj%
tu% & lTtu%
lÄõfr% & lRlÄõfr%
efr% & lUefr%
84 'kseq"kh
(x) vk"kZopu & ½f"k osQ }kjk dgk x;k opu ^vk"kZopu* dgykrk gSA
(?k) i×prÙo & i`Foh] ty] vfXu] ok;q vkSj vkdk'kA bu ik¡p rÙoksa ls gh ;g 'kjhj
curk gSA
lekukUrj 'yksd o lwfDr;k¡
i;kZoj.k ls lEcfU/r fuEu mfDr;k¡ ,oa 'yksd i<+us ;ksX; rFkk ;kn djus ;ksX; gSa&
z gekjh laLÑfr esa o`{k oUnuh; gSa blfy, o`{kksa dks dkVuk] m[kkM+uk oftZr gSA
n'kowQilek okih n'kokihleks ßn%A
n'kßnle% iq=kks n'kiq=kleks nzqe%AA (eRL;iqjk.ke~)
z rqylh dk ikS/k Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dk ,d egRo iw.kZ vÄõ gSA u osQoy èkkfeZd vfirq
fpfdRlk dh n`f"V ls Hkh ;g j{kk djus ;ksX; gSA blhfy, ?kj osQ vk¡xu esa blosQ jksi.k
dk egÙo gSA iqjk.k vkSj oS|d xzUFkksa osQ vuqlkj rqylh dk ikSèkk ok;qiznw"k.k dks nwj
djrk gSA dgk x;k gS&
^rqylh* dkuus pSo x`gs ;L;kofr"BrsA
rn~x`ga rhFkZfeR;kgq% uk;kfUr ;efdÄïjk%AA
rqylhxU/eknk; ;=k xPNfr ek#r%A
fn'kks n'k iqukR;k'kq Hkwrxzkeka'prqfoZ/ku~AA (i|ksÙkj[k.Me~)
z rqylh dk jl rhozToj dks u"V djrk gSA dgk x;k gS&
ihrks ejhfppw.ksZu rqylhi=ktks jl%A
nzks.kiq"ijlksI;soa fugfUr fo"kea Toje~AA ('kkÄ~xZ/j)
z o`{kkjksi.k dk egÙo&
rkj;sn~ o`{kjksih rq rLekn~ o`{kku~ izjksi;sr~A
rL; iq=kk HkoUR;so iknik uk=k 'kal;%AA
}kn'k% ikB%
okÄ~eu%izk.kLo:ie~
izLrqr ikB NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~ osQ NBs vè;k; osQ i×pe [k.M ij vkèkkfjr gSA blesa eu] izk.k
rFkk oko~Q (ok.kh) osQ lanHkZ esa jkspd fooj.k izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA mifu"kn~ osQ xw<+ izlax dks
cksèkxE; cukus osQ mís'; ls bls vk#f.k ,oa 'osrosQrq osQ laokn:i esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
vk"kZ&ijaijk esa Kku&izkfIr osQ rhu mik; crk, x, gSa ftuesa ifjiz'u Hkh ,d gSA ;gk¡
xq#lsokijk;.k f'k"; ok.kh] eu rFkk izk.k osQ fo"k; esa iz'u iwNrk gS vkSj vkpk;Z mu iz'uksa
osQ mÙkj nsrs gSaA
'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~! 'osrosQrqjga

oUnsA
vk#f.k% & oRl! fpj×thoA
'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~!
fdf×pRiz"VqfePNkfeA
vk#f.k% & oRl! fde| Ro;k
iz"VO;efLr\
'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~! iz"VqfePNkfe
fdfena eu%\
vk#f.k% & oRl! vf'krL;kUuL;
;ks¿f.k"B% rUeu%A
'osrosQrq% & d'p izk.k%\
vk#f.k% & ihrkuke~ vika
;ks¿f.k"B% l izk.k%A
'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~! osQ;a oko~Q\
86 'kseq"kh
vk#f.k% & oRl! vf'krL; rstlk ;ks¿f.k"B% lk okd~A lkSE;! eu% vUue;a] izk.k%
vkikse;% oko~Q p rstkse;h Hkofr bR;I;o/k;Ze~A
'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~! Hkw; ,o eka foKki;rqA
vk#f.k% & lkSE;! lko/kua Ük`.kqA eF;ekuL; nèu% ;ks¿f.kek] l mQèoZ% leqnh"kfrA
rRlfiZ% HkofrA
'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~! O;k[;kra Hkork ?k`rksRifÙkjgL;e~A Hkw;ks¿fi JksrqfePNkfeA
vk#f.k% & ,oeso lkSE;! v';ekuL; vUuL; ;ks¿f.kek] l mQèoZ% leqnh"kfrA
rUeuks HkofrA voxra u ok\
'osrosQrq% & lE;xoxra Hkxou~!
vk#f.k% & oRl! ih;ekukuke~ vika ;ks¿f.kek l mQèoZ% leqnh"kfr l ,o izk.kks
HkofrA
'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~! okpefi foKki;rqA
vk#f.k% & lkSE;! v';ekuL; rstlks ;kss¿f.kek] l mQèoZ% leqnh"kfrA lk [kyq
okXHkofrA oRl! mins'kkUrs Hkw;ks¿fi Roka foKkif;rqfePNkfe ;nUue;a
Hkofr eu%] vkikse;ks Hkofr izk.kkLrstkse;h p Hkofr okfxfrA fd×p
;kn`'keUukfnda x`Êkfr ekuoLrkn`'keso rL; fpÙkkfnda Hkorhfr enqins'klkj%A
oRl! ,rRlo± ân;su vo/kj;A
'osrosQrq% & ;nkKki;fr Hkxou~A ,"k iz.kekfeA
vk#f.k% & oRl! fpj×thoA rstfLo ukS v/hre~ vLrqA
'kCnkFkkZ%
iz"Vqe~ iz'ua drqZe~ iz'u djus@iwNus osQ fy,
iz"VO;e~ iz"Vqa ;ksX;e~ iwNus ;ksX;
vf'krL; Hkf{krL; [kk;s gq, dk
vf.k"B% yf?k"B%] y?kqre% vR;Ur y?kq vFkok lokZf/d y?kq
vUue;e~ vUufodkjHkwre~ vUu ls fufeZr
okÄ~eu%izk.kLo:ie~ 87
vkikse;% tye;% ty esa ifj.kr

rstkse;% vfXue;% vfXu dk ifj.kkeHkwr
vo/k;Ze~ voxUrO;e~ le>us ;ksX;
foKki;rq izcks/;r le>kb;s
Hkw;ks¿fi iqujfi ,d ckj vkSj
leqnh"kfr leqfÙk"Bfr] leq|kfr] mQij mBrk gS
leqPNyfr
lfiZ% ?k`re~] vkT;e~ ?kh
v';ekuL; Hk{;ek.kL;] fuxh;Zek.kL; [kk;s tkrs gq, dk
mins'kkUrs izopukUrs O;k[;ku osQ vUr esa
rstfLo rstks;qDre~ rstfLork ls ;qDr
ukS v/hre~ vko;ks%ifBre~ ge nksuksa }kjk i<k gqvk
vH;kl%
1- vèkksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr&
(d) 'osrosQrq% loZizFkee~ vk#f.ka dL; Lo:iL; fo"k;s i`PNfr\
([k) vk#f.k% izk.kLo:ia dFka fu:i;fr\
(x) ekuokuka psrkafl dhn`'kkfu HkofUr\
(?k) lfiZ% ¯d Hkofr\
(Ä) vk#.ks% erkuqlkja eu% dhn`'kaa Hkofr\
2- (d) ^v* LrEHkL; inkfu ^c* LrEHksu nRrS% inS% lg ;Fkk;ksX;a ;kst;r&
v c
eu% vUue;e~
izk.k% rstkse;h
oko~Q vkikse;%
([k) v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka foykseina ikBkr~ fpRok fy[kr&
(i) xfj"B% ----------------------------
(ii) v/% ----------------------------
(iii) ,dokje~ ----------------------------
88 'kseq"kh
(iv) vuo/hre~ ----------------------------
(v) fdf×pr~ ----------------------------
3- mnkgj.keuql`R; fuEufyf[krs"kq fØ;kinss"kq ^rqequ~* izR;;a ;kstf;Rok infuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

;Fkk& izPN~ $ rqequ~ ¾ iz"Vqe~
(d) Ükzq $ rqequ~ ¾ -----------------------------
([k) oUn~ $ rqequ~ ¾ -----------------------------
(x) iB~ $ rqequ~ ¾ -----------------------------
(?k) Ñ $ rqequ~ ¾ -----------------------------
(Ä) fo $ Kk $ rqequ~ ¾ -----------------------------
(p) fo $ vk $ [;k $ rqequ~ ¾ -----------------------------
4- funsZ'kkuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) vga fdf×pr~ iz"Vqe~ -----------------A (bPN~ & yV~ydkjs)
([k) eu% vUue;a -----------------------A (Hkw & yV~ydkjs)
(x) lko/kua -----------------A (Jq & yksV~ydkjs)
(?k) rstfLouko/hre~ -----------------A (vl~ & yksV~ydkjs)
(Ä) 'osrosQrq% vk#.ks% f'k";% -----------------A (vl~ & yÄ~ydkjs)
5- mnkgj.keuql`R; okD;kfu jp;r&
;Fkk& vga Lons'ka lsforqe~ bPNkfeA
(d) ----------------------------------------- mifn'kkfeA
([k) ----------------------------------------- iz.kekfeA
(x) ----------------------------------------- vkKki;kfeA
(?k) ----------------------------------------- i`PNkfeA
(Ä) ----------------------------------------- voxPNkfeA
6- (d) lfU/a oqQ#r&
(i) vf'krL; $ vÂL; ¾ ---------------------------
(ii) bfr $ vfi $ vo/k;Ze~ ¾ ---------------------------
(iii) dk $ b;e~ ¾ ---------------------------
(iv) ukS $ v/hre~ ¾ ---------------------------
(v) Hkofr $ bfr ¾ ---------------------------
okÄ~eu%izk.kLo:ie~ 89
([k) LFkwyinkU;f/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka dq#r&

(i) eF;ekuL; nèu% vf.kek mQ?o± leqnh"kfrA
(ii) Hkork ?k`rksRifÙkjgL;a O;k[;kre~A
(iii) vk#f.ke~~ mixE; 'osrosQrq% vfHkokn;frA
(iv) 'osrosQrq% okfXo"k;s i`PNfrA
7- ikBL; lkjka'ka i×pokD;S% fy[krA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
xzUFk ifjp;& NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~ mifu"kRlkfgR; dk izkphu ,oa izfl¼ xzUFk gSA ;g lkeosn osQ
mifu"kn~ czkã.k dk eq[; Hkkx gSA bldh o.kZu i¼fr vR;f/d oSKkfud vkSj ;qfDrlaxr gSA
blesa vkReKku osQ lkFk&lkFk mi;ksxh dk;ks± vkSj miklukvksa dk lE;o~Q o.kZu gqvk gSA
NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~ vkB vè;k;ksa esa foHkDr gSA blosQ NBs vè;k; esa ^rÙoefl* dk foLrkj ls
foospu izkIr gksrk gSA
HkkofoLrkj%
vk#f.k vius iq=k 'osrosQrq dks mins'k nsrs gSa fd [kk;k gqvk vUu rhu izdkj dk gksrk gSA mldk
fLFkjre Hkkx ey gksrk gS] eè;e ekal gksrk gS] vkSj lcls y?kqre eu gksrk gSA fi;k gqvk ty
Hkh rhu izdkj dk gksrk gS& mldk LFkfo"B Hkkx ew=k gksrk gS] eè;Hkkx yksfgr (jDr) gksrk gS
vkSj vf.k"B Hkkx izk.k gksrk gSA Hkkstu ls izkIr rst Hkh rhu rjg dk gksrk gS & mldk LFkfo"B
Hkkx vfLFk gksrk gS] eè;e Hkkx eTtk (pchZ) gksrh gS vkSj tks y?kqre Hkkx gS og ok.kh gksrh gSA
tks [kk;k tkrk gS og vUu gSA vUu gh fuf'pr :i ls eu gSA U;k; vkSj lR; ls vftZr
fd;k gqvk vUu lkfRod gksrk gSA mls [kkus ls eu Hkh lkfRod gksrk gSA nwf"kr Hkkouk vkSj vU;k;
ls vftZr vUu rkel gksrk gSA dF; dk lkjka'k ;g gS fd lkfRod Hkkstu ls eu lkfRod gksrk
gSA jktlh Hkkstu ls eu jktl gksrk gS vkSj rkel Hkkstu ls eu dh izof` Ùk Hkh rkelh gks tkrh gSA
bl lalkj esa ty gh thou gS] vkSj izk.k tye; gksrk gSA rSy (rsy)] ?k`r vkfn osQ Hk{k.k
ls ok.kh fo'kn gksrh gS vkSj Hkk"k.kkfn dk;ks± esa lkeF;Z dh o`f¼ djrh gSA blfy, ok.kh dks
rstkse;h dgk tkrk gSA
NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~ osQ vuqlkj eu vUue; gS] izk.k tye; gS vkSj ok.kh rstkse;h gSA
90 'kseq"kh
Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%
1- e;V~ izR;; izkpq;Z osQ vFkZ esa iz;qDr gksrk gSA
;Fkk& iqafYyÄõ L=khfyÄõ
'kkfUr $ e;V~ 'kkfUre;% 'kkfUre;h
vkuUn $ e;V~ vkuUne;% vkuUne;h
lq[k $ e;V~ lq[ke;% lq[ke;h
rst% $ e;V~ rstkse;% rstkse;h
2- e;V~ izR;; dk iz;ksx fodkj vFkZ esa Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA
;Fkk& iqafYyÄõ L=khfyÄõ
e`r~ $ e;V~ e`.e;% e`.e;h
Lo.kZ $ e;V~ Lo.kZe;% Lo.kZe;h
ykSg $ e;V~ ykSge;% ykSge;h
3- ty dks thou dgk x;k gSA ^^tho;fr yksdku~ tye~** ;g i×pHkwrksa osQ vUrxZr
Hkwrfo'ks"k gSA blosQ i;kZ;okph 'kCn gSa&
okfj] ikuh;e~] mnde~] mne~] lfyye~] rks;e~] uhje~] vEcq] vEHkl~] i;l~ vkfnA
ty dh mi;ksfxrk osQ fo"k; esa fuEufyf[kr 'yksd nz"VO; gS&
ikuh;a izkf.kuka izk.kLrnk;Roaa fg thoue~A
rks;kHkkos fiiklkrZ% {k.kkr~ izk.kS% foeqqP;rsAA
4- eul~ (uiqald fyÄ)õ 'kCn dk :i
iz- eu% eulh eukafl
f} ** ** **
r`- eulk euksH;ke~ euksfHk%
p- euls ** euksH;%
ia- eul% ** **
"k- ** eulks% eulke~
l- eufl ** euLlq
lEcks/u gs eu%! gs eulh! gs eukafl!
z vEHkl~] i;l~] ;'kl~] rstl~] uHkl~] vkfn 'kCnksa osQ :i Hkh eul~ dh rjg gksrs gSaA
vè;srO;% xzUFk%&
mifu"knksa dh dgkfu;k¡& MkW- Hkxoku¯lg] us'kuy cqd VªLV] ubZ fnYyhA
xv
fo"k;kuqØef.kdk
iqjksoko~Q v
Hkwfedk ix
eÄõye~ 1
izFke% ikB% 'kqfpi;kZoj.ke~ 3
f}rh;% ikB% xq.korh dU;k 13
r`rh;% ikB% f'k'kqykyue~ 21
prqFkZ% ikB% O;k;ke% loZnk iF;% 31
i×pe% ikB% cqf¼cZyorh lnk 39
"k"B% ikB% lqHkkf"krkfu 48
lIre% ikB% HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk 56
v"Ve% ikB% iz'u=k;e~ 64
uoe% ikB% izk.ksH;ks¿fi fiz;% lqân~ 73
n'ke% ikB% vU;ksDr;% 82
,dkn'k% ikB% fofp=k% lk{kh 90
}kn'k% ikB% thoua foHkoa fouk 99
eÄõye~
˙ rPp{kqnsZofgra iqjLrkPNqØeqPpjr~ A
i';s e 'kjn% 'kra thos e 'kjn% 'kre~ A
Ük`.kq;ke 'kjn% 'kra izczoke 'kjn% 'kre~ A
vnhuk% L;ke 'kjn% 'kre~A Hkw;'p 'kjn% 'krkr~ AA1AA
(;tqosZn 36-24)
vk uks Hknzk% Øroks ;Urq fo'orks&
¿nC/klks vijhrkl mn~fHkn% A
nsok uks ;Fkk lnfen~ o`/s¿lu~&
vizk;qoks jf{krkjks fnosfnos AA2AA
(½Xosn 1-89-1)
HkkokFkZ%
nsoksa }kjk fu:fir ;g 'kqDy o.kZ dk us=k :i (lw;Z) iwoZ fn'kk esa mQij mB pqdk
gSA ge lc lkS o"kks± rd ns[krs jgsa] lkS o"kks± rd thrs jgsaA lkS o"kks± rd lqurs jgsa]
lkS o"kks± rd 'kq¼ :i ls cksyrs jgsaA lkS o"kks± rd LokoyEch (vnhu) cus jgsaA vkSj
;g lc lkS o"kks± ls Hkh vf/d pyrk jgs AA1AA
gekjs ikl pkjksa vksj ls ,sls dY;k.kdkjh fopkj vkrs jgas tks fdlh ls u ncsa] mUgsa
dgha ls ckf/r u fd;k tk losQ (vijhrkl%) ,oe~ vKkr fo"k;ksa dks izdV djus
okys (mn~fHkn%) gksaA izxfr dks u jksdus okys (vizk;qo%) rFkk lnSo j{kk esa rRij
nsox.k izfrfnu gekjh o`f¼ osQ fy, rRij jgsa AA2AA
izFke ikB%
'kqfpi;kZoj.ke~
izLrqr ikB vk/qfud laLÑr dfo gfjnÙk 'kekZ osQ jpuk laxgz ^ylYyfrdk* ls ladfyr
gSA blesa dfo us egkuxjksa dh ;kaf=kd&cgqyrk ls c<+rs izn"w k.k ij fpUrk O;Dr djrs gq,
dgk gS fd ;g ykSgpØ ru&eu dk 'kks"kd gS] ftlls ok;qe.My vkSj Hkwe.My nksuksa
efyu gks jgs gSAa dfo egkuxjh; thou ls nwj] unh&fu>Zj] o`{klewg] yrkoqQ×t ,oa if{k;ksa
ls xqf×tr ouizn's kksa dh vksj pyus dh vfHkyk"kk O;Dr djrk gSA
nqoZge=k thfora tkra izÑfrjso 'kj.ke~A
'kqfp&i;kZoj.ke~AA
egkuxjeè;s pynfu'ka dkyk;lpØe~A
eu% 'kks"k;r~ ruq% is"k;n~ Hkzefr lnk oØe~AA
nqnkZUrSnZ'kuSjequk L;kUuSo tuxzlue~A 'kqfp---AA1AA
dTtyefyua /wea eq×pfr 'kr'kdVh;kue~A

ok"i;kuekyk la/kofr forjUrh èokue~AA
;kukuka iÄ~Dr;ks áuUrk% dfBua lalj.ke~A 'kqfp---AA2AA
4 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%
ok;qe.Mya Hk`'ka nwf"kra u fg fueZya tye~A

oqQfRlroLrqfefJra Hk{;a leya /jkrye~AA
dj.kh;a cfgjUrtZxfr rq cgq 'kq¼hdj.ke~A 'kqfp---AA3AA
df×pr~ dkya u; ekeLekUuxjkn~ cgqnjw e~A
izi';kfe xzkekUrs fu>Zj&unh&i;%iwje~AA
,dkUrs dkUrkjs {k.kefi es L;kr~ l×pj.ke~A 'kqfp---AA4AA
gfjrr:.kka yfyryrkuka ekyk je.kh;kA
oqQlekofy% lehjpkfyrk L;kUes oj.kh;kAA
uoekfydk jlkya fefyrk #fpja laxeue~A 'kqfp---AA5AA
vf; py cU/ks! [kxoqQydyjo xqf×trouns'ke~A

iqj&dyjo lEHkzfertusH;ks /`rlq[klUns'ke~AA
pkdfpD;tkya uks oqQ;kZTthforjlgj.ke~A 'kqfp---AA6AA
izLrjrys yrkr#xqYek uks HkoUrq fi"Vk%A
ik"kk.kh lH;rk fulxsZ L;kUu lekfo"VkAA
ekuok; thoua dke;s uks thoUej.ke~A 'kqfp---AA7AA
'kqfpi;kZoj.ke~ 5
'kCnkFkkZ%
nqoZge~ & nq"dje~ & dfBu] nwHkj
thfore~ & thoue~ & thou
vfu'ke~ & vgfuZ'ke~ & fnu&jkr
dkyk;lpØe~ & ykSgpØe~ & yksgs dk pØ
'kks"k;r~ & 'kq"dhoqQoZr~ & lq[kkrs gq,
ruq% & 'kjhje~ & 'kjhj
is"k;n~ & fi"VhoqQoZr~ & ihlrs gq,
oØe~ & oqQfVye~ & Vs<+k
nqnkZUrS% & Hk;VjS% & Hk;kud (ls)
n'kuS% & nUrS% & nk¡rksa ls
vequk & vusu & blls
tuxzlue~ & tuHk{k.ke~ & ekuo fouk'k
dTtyefyue~ & dTtysu efyue~ & dkty&lk efyu (dkyk)
/we% & ok"i% & /qvk¡
eq×pfr & R;tfr & NksM+rk gS
'kr'kdVh;kue~ & 'kdVh;kukuka 'kre~ & lSdM+ksa eksVj xkfM+;k¡
ok"i;kuekyk & ok"i;kukuka iafDr% & jsyxkM+h dh iafDr
forjUrh & nnrh & nsrh gqbZ
èokue~ & èofue~ & dksykgy
lalj.ke~ & l×pyue~ & pyuk
Hk`'ka & vR;f/de~ & vR;f/d
Hk{;e~ & [kk|inkFkZ & HkksT; inkFkZ
leye~ & eysu ;qDre~ & ey;qDr] xUnxh ls ;qDr
xzkekUrs & xzkeL; lhek;ke~ (lhfEu) & xk¡o dh lhek ij
i;%iwje~ & tyk'k;e~ & ty ls Hkjk gqvk rkykc
dkUrkjs & ous & taxy esa

oqQlqekofy% & oqQlqekuka iafDr% & iwQyksa dh iafDr
lehjpkfyrk & ok;qpkfyrk & gok ls pyk;h gqbZ
jlkye~ & vkeze~ & vke
#fpje~ & lqUnje~ & lqUnj
[kxoqQydyjo & [kxoqQykuka dyjo% & if{k;ksa osQ lewg dh èofu
(if{klewgèofUk%)
pkdfpD;tkye~ & Ñf=kea izHkkoiw.k± txr~ & pdkpkSa/ Hkjh nqfu;k
izLrjrys & f'kykrys & iRFkjksa osQ ry ij
yrkr#xqYek% & yrk'p rjo'p xqYek'p & yrk] o`{k vkSj >kM+h
ik"kk.kh & ioZre;h & iFkjhyh
fulxsZ & izÑR;ke~ & izÑfr esa
vH;kl%
1- vèkksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr&
(d) dfo% fdeFk± izo`Qrs% 'kj.ke~ bPNfr\
([k) dLekr~ dkj.kkr~ egkuxjs"kq lalj.ka dfBua orZrs\
(x) vLekoaQ i;kZoj.ks ¯d ¯d nwf"kre~ vfLr\
(?k) dfo% oqQ=k l×pj.ka dÙkqeZ ~ bPNfr\
(Ä) LoLFkthouk; dhn`'ks okrkoj.ks Hkze.kh;e~\
(p) vfUres i|ka'ks dos% dk dkeuk vfLr\
2- lfUèka@lfU/foPNsna oqQ#r&
(d) izÑfr% $ ------------------------ ¾ izÑfrjso
([k) L;kr~ $ -------- $ -------- ¾ L;kUuSOk
(x) --------- $ vuUrk% ¾ áuUrk%
'kqfpi;kZoj.ke~ 7
(?k) ofg% $ vUr% $ txfr ¾ ------------------------

(Ä) --------- $ uxjkr~ ¾ vLekUuxjkr~
(p) le~ $ pj.ke~ ¾ ------------------------
(N) /wee~ $ eq×pfr ¾ ------------------------
3- vèkksfyf[krkuke~ vO;;kuka lgk;r;k fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

Hk`'ke~] ;=k] r=k] v=k] vfi] ,o] lnk] cfg%
(d) bnkuha ok;qe.Mya ------------------ iznwf"krefLrA
([k) ------------------ thoua nqoZge~ vfLrA
(x) izkÑfrd&okrkoj.ks {k.ka l×pj.ke~ ------------------ ykHknk;oaQ HkofrA
(?k) i;kZoj.kL; laj{k.ke~ ------------------ izÑrs% vkjk/ukA
(Ä) ------------------ le;L; lnqi;ksx% dj.kh;%A
(p) HkwdfEir≤s ------------------ xeueso mfpra HkofrA
(N) ------------------ gjhfrek ------------------ 'kqfp i;kZoj.ke~A
4- mnkgj.keuql`R; vèkksfyf[kr&ins"kq izÑfrizR;;foHkkxa@la;ksxa oqQ#r&

;Fkk&tkre~ ¾ tu~ $ Dr
(d) iz $ Ñ $ fDru~ ¾ ------------------
([k) fu $ l` $ Dr $ Vki~ ¾ ------------------
(x) ------------------ $ Dr ¾ nwf"kre~
(?k) ------------------ $ ------------------ ¾ dj.kh;e~
(Ä) ------------------ $ ;r~ ¾ Hk{;e~
(p) je~ $ -------------------- $ ------------------ ¾ je.kh;k
(N) --------------- $ --------------- $ --------------- ¾ oj.kh;k
(t) fi"k~ $ ------------------ ¾ fi"Vk%
5- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka i;kZ;ina fy[kr&

(d) lfyye~ ------------------
([k) vkeze~ ------------------
(x) oue~ ------------------
(?k) 'kjhje~ ------------------
(Ä) oqQfVye~ ------------------
(p) ik"kk.ke~ ------------------
6- mnkgj.keuql`R; ikBkr~ fpRok p leLrinkfu fy[kr&

;Fkk&foxzg inkfu leLrin lekluke
(d) eysu lfgre~ leye~ vO;;hHkko
([k) gfjrk% p ;s rjo% (rs"kka) ------------------ deZ/kj;
(x) yfyrk% p ;k% yrk% (rklke~) ------------------ deZ/kj;
(?k) uok ekfydk ------------------ deZ/kj;
(Ä) /`r% lq[klUns'k% ;su (re~) ------------------ cgqczhfg
(p) dTtye~ bo efyue~ ------------------ deZ/kj;
(N) nqnkZUrS% n'kuS% ------------------ deZ/kj;
7- js[kkfÄïr&inek/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) 'kdVh;kue~ dTtyefyua /wea eq×pfrA
([k) m|kus if{k.kka dyjoa psr% izlkn;frA
(x) ik"kk.khlH;rk;ka yrkr#xqYek% izLrjrys fi"Vk% lfUrA
(?k) egkuxjs"kq okgukuke~ vuUrk% iÄ~Dr;% /kofUrA
(Ä) izÑR;k% lfUu/kS okLrfooaQ lq[ka fo|rsA
'kqfpi;kZoj.ke~ 9
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
lekl & lelua lekl%
lekl dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gksrk gS&la{ksiA nks ;k nks ls vf/d 'kCnksa osQ feyus ls tks
rhljk u;k vkSj laf{kIr :i curk gS og lekl dgykrk gSA lekl osQ eq[;r% pkj Hksn
gSμ
a
1- vO;;hHkko lekl 2- rRiq#"k
3- cgqczhfg 4- }U}
1- vO;;hHkko
bl lekl esa igyk in vO;; gksrk gS vkSj ogh izèkku gksrk gSA
;Fkk&fueZf{kde~ ef{kdk.kke~ vHkko%A
;gk¡ izFkein fuj~ gS vkSj f}rh;in ef{kde~ gSA ;gk¡ ef{kdk dh iz/kurk u gksdj ef{kdk
dk vHkko iz/ku gS] vr% ;gk¡ vO;;hHkko lekl gSA oqQN vU; mnkgj.k ns[ksa&
(i) mixzkee~ & xzkeL; lehis & (lehirk dh iz/kurk)
(ii) futZue~ & tukuke~ vHkko% & (vHkko dh iz/kurk)
(iii) vuqjFke~ & jFkL; i'pkr~ & (i'pkr~ dh iz/kurk)
(iv) izfrx`ge~ & x`ga x`ga izfr & (izR;sd dh izèkkurk)
(v) ;Fkk'kfDr & 'kfDre~ vufrØE; & (lhek dh izèkkurk)
(vi) lpØe~ & poszQ.k lfgre~ & (lfgr dh izèkkurk)
2- rRiq#"k & îzk;s.k mÙkjiniz/ku% rRiq#"k%* bl lekl esa izk;% mÙkjin dh iz/kurk gksrh
gS vkSj iwoZ in mÙkjin osQ fo'ks"k.k dk dk;Z djrk gSA leLrin esa iwoZin dh foHkfDr
dk yksi gks tkrk gSA
;Fkk& jktiq#"k% vFkkZr~ jktk dk iq#"kA ;gka¡ jktk dh iz/kurk u gksdj iq#"k dh iz/kurk
gS] vkSj jktk 'kCn iq#"k osQ fo'ks"k.k dk dk;Z djrk gSA
(i) xzkexr% & xzkea xr%A
(ii) 'kj.kkxr% & 'kj.ke~ vkxr%A
(iii) ns'kHkDr% & ns'kL; HkDr%A
(iv) ¯lgHkhr% & ¯lgkr~ Hkhr%A

(v) Hk;kiÂ% & Hk;e~ vkiÂ%A
(vi) gfj=kkr% & gfj.kk =kkr%A
rRiq#"k lekl osQ nks Hksn gSa&deZ/kj; vkSj f}xqA
(i) deZ/kj; & bl lekl esa ,d in fo'ks"; rFkk nwljk in igys in dk fo'ks"k.k gksrk gSA
;Fkk&
ihrkEcje~ & ihra p rr~ vEcje~A
egkiq#"k% & egku~ p vlkS iq#"k%A
dTtyefyue~ & dTtye~ bo efyue~A
uhydeye~ & uhya p rr~ deye~A
ehuu;ue~ & ehu bo u;ue~A
eq[kdeye~ & deye~ bo eq[ke~A
(ii) f}xq & ^la[;kiwoksZ f}xq%* bl lekl esa igyk in la[;kokph gksrk gS vkSj lekgkj
(vFkkZr~ ,d=khdj.k ;k lewg) vFkZ dh iz/kurk gksrh gSA
;Fkk& f=kHkqte~ & =k;k.kka Hkqtkuka lekgkj%A
blesa iwoZin ^f=k* la[;kokph gSA
iapik=ke~ & iapkuka ik=kk.kka lekgkj%A
iapoVh & iapkuka oVkuka lekgkj%A
lIrf"kZ% & lIrkuka ½"kh.kka lekgkj%A
prq;qZxe~ & prq.kk± ;qxkuka lekgkj%A
3- cgqczhfg & ^vU;iniz/ku% cgqczhfg%*

bl lekl esa iwoZ rFkk mÙkj inksa dh iz/kurk u gksdj fdlh vU; in dh iz/kurk gksrh
gSA
;Fkk&
ihrkEcj% & ihre~ vEcje~ ;L; l% (fo".kq%)A ;gk¡ u rks ihre~ 'kCn dh iz/kurk gS
vkSj u vEcje~ 'kCn dh vfirq ihrkEcj/kjh fdlh vU; O;fDr (fo".kq)
dh iz/kurk gSA
'kqfpi;kZoj.ke~ 11
uhyd.B% & uhy% d.B% ;L; l% (f'ko%)A

n'kkuu% & n'k vkuukfu ;L; l% (jko.k%)A
vusddksfVlkj% & vusddksfV% lkj% (/ue~) ;L; l%A
foxfyrle`f¼e~ & foxfyrk le`f¼% ;L; re~A
iz{kkfyrikne~ & iz{kkfyrkS iknkS ;L; re~A
4- }U} & ^mHk;iniz/ku% }U}%* bl lekl esa iwoZin vkSj mÙkjin nksauksa dh leku :i
ls izèkkurk gksrh gSA inksa osQ chp\ esa ^p* dk iz;ksx foxzg esa gksrk gSA
;Fkk&
jkey{e.kkS & jke'p y{e.k'pA
irjkS & ekrk p firk pA
/ekZFkZdkeeks{kk% & /eZ'p] vFkZ'p] dke'p] eks{k'pA
olUrxzh"ef'kf'kjk% & olUr'p xzh"e'p f'kf'kj'pA
dfoifjp; & izks- gfjnÙk 'kekZ lEizfr bykgkckn osQUnzh; fo'ofo|ky; esa laLÑr osQ vkpk;Z
gSaA buosQ dbZ laLÑr dkO; izdkf'kr gks pqosQ gSaA tSls&xhroaQnfydk] f=kiFkxk] mRdfydk]
ckyxhrkyh] vkØUnue~] ylYyfrdk bR;kfnA budh jpukvksa esa lekt dh folaxfr;ksa osQ izfr
vkØks'k rFkk LoLFk okrkoj.k osQ izfr fn'kkfunsZ'k osQ Hkko izkIr gksrs gSaA
HkkofOkLrkj%
i`fFkoh] tya] rstks ok;qjkdk'k'psfr i×pegkHkwrkfu izÑrs% ize[q krÙokfuA ,rS% rÙoSjos i;kZoj.kL;
jpuk HkofrA vkfoz;rs ifjr% leUrkr~ yksdks¿ususfr i;kZoj.ke~A ifj"Ñra iznw"k.kjfgra p
i;kZoj.keLeH;a loZfo/thoulq[ka nnkfrA vLekfHk% lnSo rFkk iz;frrO;a ;Fkk tya LFkya xxu×p
fueZya L;kr~A i;kZoj.klEc¼k% osQpu 'yksdk% v/ksfyf[krk% lfUrμ
;Fkk&
i`fFkoha ifjrks O;kI; rkekPNk| fLFkra p ;r~
txnk/kj:is.k] i;kZoj.keqP;rsAA
iznw"k.kfo"k;s&
l`"VkS fLFkrkS fouk'ks p u`foKScZgquk'kde~A
i×prÙofo#¼a ;Rlkf/ra rRiznw"k.ke~AA
ok;qiznw"k.kfo"k;s&
izf{kIrks okguS/Zwe% o`Q".ks cg~oidkjd%A
nq"VSjZlk;uS;qZDrks ?kkrd% 'okl#Xog%AA
tyiznw"k.kfo"k;s&
;U=k'kkyk ifjR;DrSuZxjsnwf"krnzoS%A
unhunkS leqnzk'p izf{kIrSnZw"k.ka xrk%AA
iznw"k.k fuokj.kk; laj{k.kk; p &
'kks/ua jksi.ka j{kko/Zua ok;qokfj.k%A
oukuka oU;oLrwuka Hkwes% laj{k.ka oje~AA
,rs 'yksdk% i;kZoj.kdkO;kr~ ladfyrk% lfUrA
rRle&rn~Hko&'kCnkukeè;;ue~μ
v/ksfyf[krkuka rRle'kCnkuka rnqn~Hkwrkuka p rn~Hko'kCnkuka ifjp;% dj.kh;%&
rRle rn~Hko
izLrj & iRFkj
ok"i & Hkki
nqoZg & nwHkj
oØ & ck¡dk
dTty & dkty
pkdfpD; & pdkpd] pdkpkSa/
/we% & /qv¡k
'kre~ & lkS (100)
cfg% & ckgj
NUn% ifjp;%
vfLeu~ xhrs 'kqfp i;kZoj.ke~ bfr /zqooaQ (LFkk;h) orZrsA rnfrfjDra loZ=k izfrifÄ~Dr 26
ek=kk% lfUrA bna xhfrdkPNUnl% :iefLrA
f}rh;% ikB%
xq.korh dU;k
izLrqr ikB egkdfo n.Mh }kjk jfpr n'koqQekjpfjr uked x|dkO; osQ "k"B mPN~okl
ls lEikfnr dj ladfyr gSA ;gk¡ fe=kxqIr vius fofp=k o`ÙkkUr osQ vUrxZr xksfeuh
uked dU;k dh dFkk lqukrk gS tks ,d izLFk (32 iyksa osQ cjkcj) /ku ls ,d
O;fDr dks lEiw.kZ Hkkstu djkus dk izcU/ djrh gSA
vfLr nzfoMs"kq dk×ph uke uxjhA rL;keusddksfVlkj% Jsf"Biq=k% 'kfDroqQekjks
ukeklhr~A lks¿"Vkn'ko"kZn's kh;% fpUrkekiÂ%&ûkLR;nkjk.kke~ vuuqx.q knkjk.kka ok
lq[ke~A rRdFka uq xq.kon~ foUns;a dy=ke~A* l oL=kkUrfiu¼'kkfyizLFkks nkjxzg.kk;
HkqoeHkzer~A ;ka dkefi y{k.korha dU;ka foyksD; l i`PNfr&^Hknz!s 'kDuksf"k fdeusu
'kkfyizLFksu xq.konÂe~ vLeku~ Hkkstf;rqe\~ * ,oa Ñrs l gflrko/wr% x`gkn~ x`ga
izfo';kHkzer~A
,dnk l dkosjhrhjiÙkus foxfyrle`¯¼ fojyHkw"k.kka oqQekjhei';r~A
rL;k vrqfyr:ilEinkfHkHkwr% 'kfDroqQekjks¿fpUr;r~&ls;ekÑfruZ 'khyfojksf/
uhA vklTtfr es ân;eL;kesoA rnsuka
ijh{;ks n ~ o gkfeA Lus g iw . kZ n ` f "V% l
vkg&^vfLr rs dkS'kya 'kkfyizLFksukusu
lEiÂekgkje~ vLeku~ Hkkstf;rqe\~ *
rrLr;k o`¼nklh lkfHkizk;ekyksfdrkA
rL; gLrkr~ izLFkek=ka èkkU;eknk; Lox`gL;
pRojs ra iz{kkfyrikne~ mikos'k;r~A
rrLrku~ lqjHkhu~ 'kkyhukris fdf×pn~
fo'kks"; eqgqeZqgq% ifjoR;Z lek;ka HkwekS v?k^;r~A rq"ksH;Lr.MqykUi`Fko~Q ÑRok

èkk=kheqDrorh&êkr%! beku~ Hkw"k.kektZuleFkkZu~ rq"kku~ Lo.kZdkjsH;ks nsfgA rsH;ks
yC/kfHk% dkfd.khfHk% dk"Bkkfu LFkkyha 'kjko};a pkgj* rr% lk rku~ r.Mqyku~
myw[kys eqlysukogR; 'kwi.Zs k 'kks/f;Rok¿lÑn~ tysu iz{kkY; DofFkrtys izkf{kir~A
fl¼s"kq p r.Mqy"s kq e.Mfu%lkj.kk; LFkkyhe/kse[q kha ÑrorhA bU/ukfu iqujEHklk
'kef;Rok Ñ".kkÄõkjkufi rnfFkZH;% izfs "krorhA foØhrSjÄõkjS;rZ ~ ewY;a yC/a rsu
'kkoaQ ?k`ra nf/ rSya fp×pkiQya p Øhre~A rrks O;×tukfnoaQ p r;k lEikfnre~A
vFk lk dU;k /k=kheq[ksukfr¯Fk Lukuk; izsfjrorhA Luku'kq¼k;kfrFk;s
rSyekeyoaQ pk;PNr~A iQydek#á izkÄõ.kdnyhnya yfoRok r=kklua Hkkstukèkkja
p ÑrorhA is;ksigkjiwo± Hkkstua ?k`rlfgrksnua O;×tua p rLeS nÙkorhA
eè;s eè;s p fofo/HkksT;kfn izdkjku~ o.kZf;ROkk #fpefi of/ZrorhA vUrr%

f'kf'kjokfj.kk is;ekpeua p iznÙkorhA HkqDrs rq rfLeu~ r;kL; 'k;uO;oLFkkfi ÑrkA
,oa dU;kxq.klEink lekÑ"V% 'kfDroqQekjLrka fof/onqi;E; uhroku~A
vr,oksDre~&
^¯d x`fg.k% fiz;fgrk;\ nkjxq.kk%A*
xq.korh dU;k 15
'kCnkFkkZ%
vusddksfVlkj% & vusddksfV% lkj% (/ue~) ;L; & ftlosQ ikl vusd djksM+ èku
gks
foUns;e~ & izkIrO;e~ & izkIr djuk pkfg,
dy=ke~ & iRuh & iRuh
'kkfy% & dye%@r.Mqy&fo'ks"k% & /ku (pkoy)
izLFk% & }k¯=k'kr~ iykRed% eki% & ,d fof'k"V eki (32 iyksa
osQ cjkcj)
xq.konÂe~ & Lokfn"Ve~ vÂe~ & Lokfn"V vkSj ikSf"Vd vkgkj
gflrko/wr% & gflrsu vo/wr%@migklsu frjLÑr% & migkl }kjk frjLÑr
rhje~ & rVe~ & rV
iÙkue~ & uxje~ & uxj] dLck
foxfyrle`f¼e~ & foxfyrk le`f¼% ;L;k% rke~ & fu/Zu
vklTtfr & vkÑ"Vks Hkofr & vkÑ"V gks jgk gS
ijh{; & ijh{kka ÑRok & ijh{kk djosQ
mn~ogkfe & fookga djksfe & fookg djrk gw¡
lkfHkizk;e~ & vfHkizk;s.k lfgre~ & vfHkizk;iwoZd
pRojs & izkax.ks & vk¡xu esa
iz{kkfyrikne~ & iz{kkfyrkS iknkS ;L; re~ & /qys gq, iSj okys dk
mikos'k;r~ & & & cSBk;k
lqjHkhu~ & lqjfHklfgrku~ & lqxfU/r
vkris & ?kesZ & /wi esa
fo'kks"; & 'kq"dhÑR; & lq[kkdj
eqgeq gZq %q & okjEokje~ & ckj&ckj
ifjoR;Z & ifjorZua fo/k; & myV&iqyV dj
lek;ke~ HkwekS & lery&HkwekS & lery Hkwfe ij

v?k^;r~ & ?kûe~ vdjksr~ & owQVk
rq"ksH;% & 'kkfyRofXHk% & /ku dh Hkwlh ls
dkfd.khfHk% & i.koSQ% & iSlksa ls] dkSM+h ls
LFkkyhe~ & ik=kfo'ks"ke~ & Fkkyh
'kjko};e~ & oaQl};e~@o/Zekud};e~ & nks I;kys] nks dVksjs
vkgj & vku; & ykvks
myw[kys & yksdHkk"kk;ke~ vks[ky bfr & vks[kyh esa
izfl¼s ik=ks
eqlysu & oqQû;U=kfo'ks"ks.k & ewly ls
'kks/f;Rok & LoPNhÑR; & lkiQ djosQ
vlÑr~ & okjEokje~ & ckj&ckj
iz{kkY; & fueZyhÑR; & lkiQ djosQ
DofFkrtys & m".ktys & xje ty esa
vEHklk & tysu & ty ls
'kef;Rok & 'kkUra ÑRok] fuokZif;ROkk & Ba<k djosQ
Ñ".kkÄõkjku~ & vnX/dk"Bku~ & dks;yksa dks
fp×pkiQye~ & frfUr.kh & beyh
O;×tukfnde~ & 'kkdkfnde~ & lCth vkfn
vkeyde~ & vkeyosQu fufeZre~ & vk¡oys dk
iQyde~ & dk"Bklue~ & pkSdh ih<+k
vk#á & vf/#á & p<+dj
yfoRok & dÙkZf;ROkk & dkVdj
Hkkstuk/kje~ & HkkstuL; vk/kje~ & Hkkstu dk vk/kj
is;ksigkjiwoZe~ & is;ksigkjiwoZde~ & Hkkstu ls igys ihus okyk
is; inkFkZ osQ lkFk
xq.korh dU;k 17
?k`rlfgrksnue~ & ?k`r;qDre~ vksnue~ & ?k`r;qDr Hkkr

f'kf'kjokfj.kk & 'khrysu tysu & 'khry ty ls
mi;E; & ifj.kh; & fookg djosQ
x`fg.k% & x`gLFkL; & x`gLFk dk
nkjxq.kk% & L=khxq.kk% & fL=k;ksa osQ xq.k
(nkjk&iRuh)
vH;kl%
(d) 'kfDroqQekj% dL;ka fpUrk;ke~ vkiÂ% vklhr~\
([k) dkosjhrhjiÙkus fLFkrk oqQekjh dhn`'kh vklhr~\
(x) oqQekjha foyksD; 'kfDroqQekj% fde~ vfpUr;r~\
(?k) vÄkõ je~ foØh; r;k oqQek;kZ ¯d Øhre~\
(Ä) oqQekjh vfrFk;s HkkstukFk± ¯d nÙkorh\
(p) b;a dFkk dLekr~ xzUFkkr~ mn~/`rk d'p vL;k% iz.ksrk\
2- LFkwyinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) beku~ rq"kku~ Lo.kZdkjsH;ks nsfgA
([k) r;k o`¼nklh lkfHkizk;e~ vkyksfdrkA
(x) rku~ r.Mqyku~ DofFkrtys izkf{kir~A
(?k) lk dU;k vfrfFka Lukuk; izsfjrorhA
3- ^d* LrEHks nÙkkuka inkuka lekukFkZoaQ ina ^[k* LrEHks nÙke~A rkS ;Fkksfpra ;kst;r&
^d* ^[k*
(d) dy=ke~ okjEokje~
([k) iÙkue~ frfUr.kh
(x) vEHklk iRuh

(?k) eqgqeqgZ q% tysu
(Ä) fp×pkiQye~ uxje~
4- dks"Bdkr~ mfpra ina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) Lk% foxfyrle`f¼a fojyHkw"k.kka ------------------ vi';r~A (oqQekjhe~@oqQekje~)
([k) vfLr nzfoMs"kq ------------------ uke uxjhA (d×puiqja@dk×ph)
(x) bU/ukfu vEHklk ------------------ Ñ".kkÄkõ jkufi izsf"krorhA ('kef;Rok@izTokY;)
(?k) lk dU;k /k=kheq[ksukfr¯Fk ------------------ izsfjrorhA (Lukuk;@'k;uk;)
(Ä) f'kf'kjokfj.kk is;ekpeua p ------------------A (Ñrorh@nÙkorh)
5- mnkgj.keUkql`R; ikBkr~ fpRok p leLrinkfu fy[kr&
;Fkk& iz $ fo'k~ $ Y;i~ ¾ izfo';
(d) fo $ 'kq"k~ $ Y;i~ ¾ -------------
([k) ifj $ o`r~ $ Y;i~ ¾ -------------
(x) mi $ ;e~ $ Y;i~ ¾ -------------
(?k) iz $ {kky~ $ Y;i~ ¾ -------------
(Ä) ik $ .;r~ ¾ -------------
(p) Ñ $ .;r~ ¾ -------------
6- js[kkfÄïrkfu loZukeinkfu dL; Ñrs iz;qDrkfu rkfu fy[kr&

(d) l% v"Vkn'ko"kZns'kh;% fpUrkekiÂ%A
([k) rL;k% vrqfyr:ilEinkfHkHkwr% 'kfDroqQekj% vfpUr;r~A
(x) vklTtfr es ân;e~ vL;ke~ ,oA
(?k) r;k vL; 'k;uL; O;oLFkkfi ÑrkA
7- (d) lfU/a oqQ#r&

(i) u $ vfLr $ vnkjk.kke~ ¾ -----------------
(ii) xq.kor~ $ vÂe~ ¾ -----------------
xq.korh dU;k 19
(iii) lk $ b;e~ ¾ -----------------

(iv) ijh{; $ mn~ogkfe ¾ -----------------
(v) iqu% $ vEHklk ¾ -----------------
([k) fuEufyf[kr'kCnkuka lgk;r;k okD;iz;ksxa oqQ#r&

iz{kkY;] vEHklk] iÙkus] eqgqeqZgq%] pRojs
ifj;kstukdk;Ze~
'kfDroqQekj% ifj.k;k; fL=k;ka ;RdkS'kye~ vis{krs Le rr~ orZekuns'kdkyn`"V~;k lehphue~
vfLr u ok bfr Lofopkja LoHkk"k;k izdk'k;rA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
1- .;r~ izR;; & ^;ksX;* vFkZ esa .;r~ izR;; dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
ihus ;ksX; & is;e~ (ik $ .;r~)
djus ;ksX; & dk;Ze~ (Ñ $ .;r~)
pqjkus ;ksX; & pkS;Ze~ (pqj~ $ .;r~)
gjus ;ksX; & gk;Ze~ (g` $ .;r~)
2- vEHkl~ (ikuh) uiqaldfyÄõ
fofHkDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkek vEHk% vEHklh vEHkkafl
f}rh;k vEHk% vEHklh vEHkkafl
r`rh;k vEHklk vEHkksH;ke~ vEHkksfHk%
prqFkhZ vEHkls vEHkksH;ke~ vEHkksH;%
iapeh vEHkl% vEHkksH;ke~ vEHkksH;%
"k"Bh vEHkl% vEHklks% vEHklke~
lIreh vEHkfl vEHklks% vEHkLlq
i;l~ uHkl~ vkfn 'kCnksa osQ :i vEHkl~ osQ leku gh pyrs gSaA
3- lkfHkizk;ekyksfdrk&vfHkizk; osQ lkFk ns[kh x;hA lkekU; :i ls ns[kus rFkk vfHkizk;iwodZ

ns[kus esa vUrj gksrk gSA ;gk¡ oqQekjh us nklh dks vfHkizk; osQ lkFk ns[kk gS rkfd nklh
muosQ vfHkizk; dks le> ysA nklh us oqQekjh dh ml n`f"V osQ vfHkizk; dks HkyhHkk¡fr
le> fy;k gSA ;gk¡ oqQekjh dk nklh dks ns[kus dk vfHkizk; Fkk fd of.ko~Qiq=k dks ;g
mÙkj nsuk fd eq>eas bl dk;Z dks djus dk dkS'ky gS vFkkZr~ eSa ;g dke dj ldrh gw¡
blfy, rqe buosQ gkFk ls /ku dh iksVyh ys yksA
4- ls;ekÑfruZ 'khyfojksf/uh&;g vkÑfr 'khyfojksf/uh ugha gSA vFkkZr~ ;g 'khyorh
ckfydk gS] blosQ psgjs rFkk HkkoHkafxek dks ns[kdj bldh lPpfj=krk dk vkHkkl gks
tkrk gS fiQj Hkh osQoy eu dh vkokt ij vk¡[ksa ew¡n dj fo'okl djuk Bhd ughaA
5- yfoRok √ywe~ Nsnus $ DRok (lsV~) xq.k vokns'k%A
r`rh;% ikB%
f'k'kqykyue~
izLrqr ikB laLÑrokÄ~e; osQ izfl¼ ukVd ôqQUnekyk* osQ iape vÄï ls lEikfnr
dj fy;k x;k gSA blosQ jpf;rk izfl¼ ukVddkj fnÄ~ukx gSAa bl ukVdka'k esa jke
oqQ'k vkSj yo dks ¯lgklu ij cSBkuk pkgrs gSa fdUrq os nksuksa vfr'kkyhurkiwodZ euk
djrs gSAa ¯lgkluk:< jke oqQ'k vkSj yo osQ lkSUn;Z ls vkÑ"V gksdj mUgsa viuh
xksn esa cSBk ysrs gSa vkSj vkufUnr gksrs gSAa ikB esa f'k'kq Lusg dk vR;Ur euksgkjh
o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA
(flagkluLFk% jke%A rr% izfo'kr% fonw"kosQuksifn';ekuekxkSZ rkilkS oqQ'kyokS)
fonw"kd% & br br vk;kS!Z
oqQ'kyokS & (jkeL; lehie~ mil`R; iz.kE; p) vfi oqQ'kya egkjktL;\
jke% & ;q"eí'kZukr~ oqQ'kyfeoA Hkorks% ¯d o;e=k oqQ'kyiz'uL; Hkktue~
,o] u iqujfrfFktuleqfprL; d.Bk'ys"kL;A (ifj"oT;) vgks
ân;xzkgh Li'kZ%A
(vkluk/Zeiq os'k;fr)
mHkkS & jktklua [kYosrr~] u ;qDreè;kflrqeA~

jke% & lO;o/kua u pkfj=kyksik;A rLeknÄï & O;ofgreè;kL;rka ¯lgklue~A
(vVeqios'k;fr)
mHkkS & (vfuPNka ukV;r%) jktu~!
vyefrnkf{k.;suA
jke% & vyefr'kkyhur;kA
Hkofr f'k'kqtuks o;ks¿uqjks/kn~
xq.kegrkefi ykyuh; ,oA
oztfr fgedjks¿fi ckyHkkokr~
i'kqifr&eLrd&osQrdPNnRoe~AA
jke% & ,"k Hkorks% lkSUn;kZoyksdtfursu dkSrgw ysu i`PNkfe&{kf=k;oqQy&
firkeg;ks% lw;p Z Uæ;ks% dks ok Hkorkso'± kL; dÙkkZ\
yo% & Hkxou~ lglznhfèkfr%A
jke% & dFkeLer~lekukfHktukS laoÙ` kkS\
fonw"kd% & ¯d };ksjI;sdeso izfropue~\
yo% & Hkzkrjkokoka lksn;kSAZ
jke% & le:i% 'kjhjlfUuos'k%A o;lLrq u fdf×pnUrje~A
yo% & vkoka ;eykSA
jke% & lEizfr ;qT;rsA ¯d uke/s;e~\
yo% & vk;ZL; oUnuk;ka yo bR;kRekua Jko;kfe (oqQ'ka fufnZ';) vk;ksZ¿fi
xq#pj.koUnuk;ke~ ----------------------------------
oqQ'k% & vgefi oqQ'k bR;kRekua Jko;kfeA
jke% & vgks! mnkÙkjE;% leqnkpkj%A
¯d uke/s;ks Hkorksx#Zq %\
f'k'kqykyue~ 23
yo% & uuq Hkxoku~ okYehfd%A

jke% & osQu lEcU/su\
yo% & miu;uksins'ksuA
jke% & vge=kHkorks% tuoaQ ukerks osfnrqfePNkfeA
yo% & u fg tkukE;L; uke/s;e~A u df'pnfLeu~ riksous rL; uke
O;ogjfrA
jke% & vgks ekgkRE;e~A
oqQ'k% & tkukE;ga rL; uke/s;e~A
jke% & dF;rke~A
oqQ'k% & fujuqØks'kks uke----
jke% & o;L;] viwo± [kyq uke/s;e~A
fonw"kd% & (fofpUR;) ,oa rkor~ i`PNkfe fujuqØks'k bfr d ,oa Hk.kfr\
oqQ'k% & vEckA
fonw"kd% & ¯d dqfirk ,oa Hk.kfr] mr izÑfrLFkk\
oqQ'k% & ;|ko;ksckZyHkkotfura df×pnfou;a i';fr rnk ,oe~ vfèkf{kifr&
fujuqØks'kL; iq=kkS] ek pkiye~ bfrA
fonw"kd% & ,r;ks;fZ n firqfuZjuqØks'k bfr uke/s;e~ ,r;kstuZ uh rsukoekfurk
fuokZflrk ,rsu opusu nkjdkS fuHkZRlZ;frA
jke% & (Loxre~) f/Ä~ ekesoHa kwre~A lk rifLouh eRÑrsukijk/su LokiR;esoa
eU;qxHkSjZ {kjSfuZHkZRlZ;frA
(lok"ieoyksd;fr)
jke% & vfrnh?kZ% izoklks¿;a nk#.k'pA (fonw"kdeoyksD; tukfUrde~)
oqQrwgysukfo"Vks ekrjeu;ksukZerks osfnrqfePNkfeA u ;qDra p
L=khxreuq;ksDrqe]~ fo'ks"krLriksousA rr~ dks¿=kkH;qik;%\
fonw"kd% & (tukfUrde~) vga iqu% i`PNkfeA (izdk'ke~) ¯d uke/s;k ;qo;kstuZ uh\
yo% & rL;k% }s ukeuhA
fonw"kd% & dFkfeo\
yo% & riksouokfluks nsohfr ukEukà;fUr] Hkxoku~ okYehfdoZ/fw jfrA
jke% & vfi p brLrkon~ o;L;!
eqgÙw kZek=ke~A
fonw"kd% & (mil`R;) vkKki;rq Hkoku~A
jke% & vfi oqQekj;ksju;ksjLekoaQ p loZFkk le:i% oqQVqEco`ÙkkUr%\
(usiF;s)
b;rh osyk l×tkrk jkek;.kxkuL; fu;ksx% fdeFk± u fo/h;rs\
mHkkS & jktu~! mikè;k;nwrks¿Leku~ Roj;frA
jke% & e;kfi lEekuuh; ,o eqfufu;ksx%A rFkkfg&
HkoUrkS xk;UrkS dfojfi iqjk.kks ozrfuf/j~
fxjka lUnHkks¿Z ;a izFkeeorh.kksZ olqerhe~A
dFkk ps;a 'yk?;k ljfl#gukHkL; fu;ra]
iqukfr Jksrkja je;fr p lks¿;a ifjdj%AA
o;L;! viwoks¿Z ;a ekuokuka ljLoR;orkj%] rnga lqâTtulk/kj.ka
Jksrfq ePNkfeA lfUu/h;Urka lHkkln%] iz"s ;rkeLenfUroaQ lkSfef=k%]
vgeI;sr;ksf'pjkluifj[ksna fogj.ka ÑRok viu;kfeA
(bfr fu"ØkUrk% los)Z
f'k'kqykyue~ 25
'kCnkFkkZ%
mRFkk; & mfRFkrks HkwRok & mBdj

vyÄ~fØ;rs & foHkw";rs & lq'kksfHkr gksrk gS
firkeg% & firq%firk & firk osQ firk
lgÏnhf/fr% & lw;Z% & lw;Z
d.Bk'ys"kL; & d.Bs vk'ys"kL; & xys yxkus dk
ifj"oT; & vkfyÄuõ a ÑRok & vkfyÄuõ djosQ
fofpUR; & fopk;Z & fopkj djosQ
vufHkK% & vifjfpr% & ugha tkuus okyk@vutku
vè;kflrqe~ & mios"Vqe~ & cSBus osQ fy,
lO;o/kue~ & O;o/kusu lfgre~ & #dkoV lfgr
vè;kL;rke~ & mifo';rke~ & cSfB;s
vyefrnkf{k.;su & vyefrdkS'kysu & vR;f/d n{krk] vf/d oqQ'kyrk
ugha djsa
vÄïe~ & ØksMe~ & xksn esa
fgedj% & pUæ% & pUæek
i'kqifr% & f'ko% & f'ko
osQrd&NnRoe~ & osQrdL; NnRoe~ & osQrdh (osQoM+)s osQ iq"i ls cuk
eLrd dk 'ks[kj (twM+k)
vkRexre~ & Loxre~ & eu gh eu
lekukfHktukS & lekuoqQyksRiÂkS & ,d oqQy esa iSnk gksus okys
lao`ÙkkS & latkrkS & gks x;s
izfropue~ & mÙkje~ & mÙkj
lksn;ksZ & lgksnjkS & lgksnj@lxs HkkbZ
;eykS & ;qxykS & tqM+ok

'kjhjlfUuos'k% & vX jpukfoU;kl% & 'kjhj dh cukoV
mnkÙkjE;% & vR;Ur je.kh;% & vR;f/d euksgj
leqnkpkj% & f'k"Vkpkj% & f'k"Vkpkj
miu;uksins'ksu & miu;uL; mins'ksu & miu;u dh nh{kk osQ dkj.k
(miu;u&laLdkjnh{k;k)
uke/s;e~ & uke & uke
fujuqØks'k% & funZ;% & n;k jfgr
o;L; & fe=k & fe=k
Hk.kfr & dFk;fr & dgrk gS
vEck & tuuh & ekrk
mr & vFkok & vFkok
izÑfrLFkk & lkekU; eufLFkfr & LokHkkfod :i ls
vf/f{kifr & vf/{ksia djksfr & iQVdkjrh gS
pkiye~ & piyrke~ & papyrk
voekfurk & frjLÑrk & viekfur
nkjdkS & iq=kkS & iq=k
fuHkZRlZ;fr & rtZ;fr & /edkrh gS
fu%'oL; & nh?k± 'okla x`ghRok & nh?kZ 'okl ysdj
LokiR;e~ & LolUrfre~ & viuh lUrku dh
vUo; & xq.kegrke~ vfi o;ks¿uqjks/kr~ f'k'kqtu% ykyuh;% ,o HkofrA ckyHkkokr~ fg

fgedj% vfi i'kqifr&eLrd&osQrdPNnRoe~ oztfrA
Hkko & vR;f/d xq.kh yksxksa osQ fy, Hkh NksVh mez osQ dkj.k ckyd ykyuh; gh
gksrk gSA pUæek ckyHkko osQ dkj.k gh 'kVj osQ eLrd dk vkHkw"k.k cudj
osQrdh iq"iksa ls fufeZr pwM+k dh Hkk¡fr 'kksfHkr gksrk gSA
f'k'kqykyue~ 27
vUo; & HkoUrkS xk;UrkS] iqjk.k% ozrfuf/% dfo% vfi] olqerhe~ izFkea vorh.kZ% fxjke~
v;a lUnHkZ%] ljfl#gukHkL; p b;a 'yk?;k dFkk] l% p v;a ifjdj% fu;ra
Jksrkja iqukfr je;fr pA
Hkko & Hkxoku~ okYehfd }kjk fuc¼ iqjk.kiq#"k dh dFkk] oqQ'k yo }kjk Jh jke dks
lquk;h tkuh Fkh] mlh dh lwpuk nsrs gq, usiF; ls oqQ'k vkSj yo dks fcuk
le; u"V fd;s vius drZO; dk ikyu djus dk funsZ'k fn;k tkrk gSA nksuksa
jke ls vkKk ysdj tkuk pkgrs gSa rc Jh jke mi;qZDr 'yksd osQ ekè;e ls
ml jpuk dk lEeku djrs gSaA
vki nksuksa (oqQ'k vkSj yo) bl dFkk dk xku djus okys gSa] riksfuf/ iqjk.k eqfu
(okYehfd) bl jpuk osQ dfo gSa] /jrh ij izFke ckj vorfjr gksus okyk LiqQV ok.kh dk ;g
dkO; gS vkSj bldh dFkk deyukfHk fo".kq ls lEc¼ gS bl izdkj fu'p; gh ;g la;ksx
Jksrkvksa dks ifo=k vkSj vkufUnr djus okyk gSA
vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLo`QrHkk"k;k fy[kr&
(d) jkek; oqQ'kyo;ks% d.Bk'ys"kL; Li'kZ% dhn`'k% vklhr~\
([k) jke% yooqQ'kkS oqQ=k mios'kf;rqe~ dFk;fr\
(x) ckyHkkokr~ fgedj% oqQ=k fojktrs\
(?k) dq'kyo;ks% oa'kL; dÙkkZ d%\
(Ä) osQu lEcU/su okYehfd% oqQ'kyo;ks% xq#% vklhr~\
(p) oqQ'kyo;ks% ekrja okYehfd% osQu ukEuk vkà;fr\
2- js[kkfÄïrs"kq ins"kq foHkfDrdkj.ka fufnZ'kr&

(d) jktu~! vye~ vfrnkf{k.;suA
([k) jke% yooqQ'kkS vkluk/Ze~ mios'k;frA
(x) f/Ä~ eke~ ,oaHkwre~A
(?k) vVO;ofgre~ vè;kL;rka ¯lgklue~A
(Ä) vye~ vfrfoLrjs.kA
3- e×tw"kkr% i;kZ;};a fpRok inkuka le{ka fy[kr&

f'ko% f'k"Vkpkj% 'kf'k% pUæ'ks[kj% lqr% bnkuhe~
vèkquk iq=k% lw;Z% lnkpkj% fu'kkdj% Hkkuq%
(d) fgedj% & --------------- ---------------

([k) lEizfr & --------------- ---------------
(x) leqnkpkj% & --------------- ---------------
(?k) i'kqifr% & --------------- ---------------
(Ä) ru;% & --------------- ---------------
(p) lglznhf/fr% & --------------- ---------------
4- mnkgj.keuql`R; v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq iz;qDr&izÑ¯r&izR;;×p fy[kr&

;Fkk& vklue~ & vkl~ $ Y;qV~ izR;;%
inkfu izÑfr% izR;;%
(d) ;qDre~ & ---------------- $ ----------------
([k) Hkktue~ & ---------------- $ ----------------
(x) 'kkyhurk & ---------------- $ ----------------
(?k) ykyuh;% & ---------------- $ ----------------
(Ä) NnRoe~ & ---------------- $ ----------------
(p) lfUufgr% & ---------------- $ ----------------
(N) lEekuuh;k & ---------------- $ ----------------
5- fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks";inkfu ;kst;r&
;Fkk& fo'ks"k.k inkfu fo'ks"; inkfu
'yk?;k & dFkk
(1) mnkÙkjE;% (d) leqnkpkj%
(2) vfrnh?kZ% ([k) Li'kZ%
f'k'kqykyue~ 29
(3) le:i% (x) dq'kyo;ks%

(4) ân;xzkgh (?k) izokl%
(5) oqQekj;ks% (Ä) dqVqEco`ÙkkUr%
6- (d) v/ksfyf[krins"kq lfU/a oqQ#r

(d) };ks% $ vfi & --------------------------------
([k) }kS $ vfi & --------------------------------
(x) d% $ v=k & --------------------------------
(?k) vufHkK% $ vge~ & --------------------------------
(Ä) bfr $ vkRekue~ & --------------------------------
([k) v/ksfyf[krins"kq foPNsna oqQ#r
(d) vgeI;sr;ks% & --------------------------------
([k) o;ks¿uqjks/kr~ & --------------------------------
(x) lekukfHktukS & --------------------------------
(?k) [kYosrr~ & --------------------------------
7- vèkksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu d% oaQ izfr dFk;fr&

d% de~
(d) lO;o/kua u pkfj=;yksik;A --------------------- ---------------------
([k) ¯d oqQfirk ,oa Hk.kfr] mr izÑfrLFkk\ --------------------- ---------------------
(x) tkukE;ga rL; uke/s;e~A --------------------- ---------------------
(?k) rL;k }s ukEuhA --------------------- ---------------------
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
ukV~;&izlÄ%õ
oqQUnekyk osQ ys[kd fnÄ~ukx us izLrqr ukVd esa jkedFkk osQ d#.k volkn Hkjs mÙkjk/ZZ dh
ukVdh; lEHkkoukvksa dks ekSfydrk ls lkdkj fd;k gSA blh dFkkud ij izfl¼ ukVddkj
HkoHkwfr dk mÙkjjkepfjr Hkh vkfJr gSA oqQUnekyk osQ Ngksa vVksa dk n`';fo/ku okYehfd&riksou
osQ ifjlj esa gh osQfUær gSA izLrqr ukVdka'k i×pe vV ls lEikfnr dj lVfyr fd;k x;k
gSA yo vkSj dq'k ls feyus ij jke osQ ân; esa muls vk¯yxu dh ykylk gksrh gSA muosQ
Li'kZlq[k ls vfHkHkwr gks jke] mUgsa vius ¯lgklu ij] viuh xksn esa fcBkdj ykM+ djrs gSaA
blh Hkko dh iqf"V esa ukVd esa ;g 'yksd m¼`r gS&
Hkofr f'k'kqtuks o;ks¿uqjks/kn~
xq.kegrkefi ykyuh; ,o A
oztfr fgedjks¿fi ckyHkkokr~
i'kqifr&eLrd&osQrdPNnRoe~ AA
f'k'kqLusgleHkko'yksdk%&
vusu dL;kfi oqQykÄ~oQq js.k
Li`"VL; xk=ks"kq lq[ka eeSoe~ A
dka fuoZ`¯r psrfl rL; oqQ;kZn~
;L;k;eÄ~dkr~ Ñfru% iz:<% AA (dkfynklL;)
vUr%dj.krÙoL; nEiR;ks% LusglaJ;kr~ A
vkuUnxzfUFkjsdks¿;eiR;fefr iB~;rs AA (HkoHkwrs%)
/wyh/wljruo%
ØhMkjkT;s LoosQ p jeek.kk% A
Ñreq[kok|fodkjk%
ØhMfUr lqfuHkZja ckyk% AA (dL;fpr~)
vfu;r#fnr fLer fojktr~
dfri;dkseynUroqQM~eykxze~ A
onudeyoaQ f'k'kks% Lejkfe
L[kynle×tle×tqtfYira rs AA
prqFkZ% ikB%
O;k;ke% loZnk iF;%

izLrqr ikB vk;qonZs osQ izfl¼ xzUFk ^lqJrq lafgrk* osQ fpfdRlk LFkku esa of.kZr 24osa
vè;k; ls ladfyr gSA blesa vkpk;Z lqJrq us O;k;ke dh ifjHkk"kk crkrs gq, mlls gksus
okys ykHkksa dh ppkZ dh gSA 'kjhj esa lqxBu] dkfUr] LiwQfrZ] lfg".kqrk] uhjksxrk vkfn
O;k;ke osQ ize[q k ykHk gSAa
'kjhjk;kltuua deZ O;k;kelafKre~ A
rRÑRok rq lq[ka nsga foe`nu~ h;kr~ leUrr% AA1AA
'kjhjksip;% dkfUrxkZ=kk.kka lqfoHkDrrk A

nhIrkfXuRoeukyL;a fLFkjRoa yk?koa e`tk AA2AA
JeDyefiiklks".k&'khrknhuka lfg".kqrk A
vkjksX;a pkfi ijea O;k;keknqitk;rs AA3AA
u pkfLr ln`'ka rsu fdf×pRLFkkSY;kid"kZ.ke~ A
u p O;k;kfeua eR;ZenZ;UR;j;ks cykr~ AA4AA
u pSua lglkØE; tjk lef/jksgfr A

fLFkjhHkofr ekala p O;k;kekfHkjrL; p AA5AA
O;k;kefLoUuxk=kL; in~H;keqno ~ frZrL; p A
O;k/;ks uksiliZfUr oSurs;feoksjxk%
o;ks:ixq.kSghZuefi oqQ;kZRlqn'kZue~ AA6AA
O;k;kea oqQoZrks fuR;a fo#¼efi Hkkstue~ A
fonX/efonX/a ok funksZ"ka ifjiP;rs AA7AA
O;k;keks fg lnk iF;ks cfyuka fLuX/Hkksftuke~ A
l p 'khrs olUrs p rs"kka iF;re% LEk`r% AA 8AA
losZ"o`rq"ogjg% iqfEHkjkRefgrSf"kfHk% A
cyL;k/sZu dÙkZO;ks O;k;keks gUR;rks¿U;Fkk AA9AA
âfnLFkkukfLFkrks ok;q;Znk oD=ka izi|rs A
O;k;kea oqQoZrks tUrksLrn~cyk/ZL; y{k.ke~ AA10AA
o;kscy'kjhjkf.k ns'kdkyk'kukfu p A
leh{; oqQ;kZn~ O;k;keeU;Fkk jksxekIuq;kr~ AA11AA
'kCnkFkkZ%
vk;kl% & iz;Ru%] iz;kl%] Je% & ifjJe
foe`n~uh;kr~ & enZ;sr~ & ekfy'k djuh pkfg,
leUrr% & loZr% & iwjh rjg ls
mip;% & vfHko`f¼% & o`f¼
O;k;ke% loZnk iF;% 33
dkfUr% & vkHkk & ped

xk=ke~ & 'kjhje~ & 'kjhj
lqfoHkDrrk & 'kkjhfjda lkS"Boe~ & 'kkjhfjd lkSUn;Z
nhIrkfXuRoe~ & tBjkXus% izo/Zue~ & tBjkfXu dk iznhIr gksuk
vFkkZr~ Hkw[k yxuk
e`tk & LoPNhdj.ke~ & LoPN djuk
Dye% & JetfuRka 'kSfFkY;e~ & Fkdku
fiiklk & ikrqe~ bPNk & I;kl
m".k% & rki% & xehZ
LFkkSY;e~ & vfrekalyRoa] ihurk & eksVkik
vid"kZ.ke~ & nwjhdj.ke~ & nwj djuk] de djuk
vnZ;fUr & vnZua oqQoZfUr & oqQpy Mkyrs gSa
vj;% & 'k=ko% & 'k=kqx.k
vkØE; & vkØe.ka ÑRok & geyk djosQ
tjk & ok/ZD;e~ & cq<+kik
vfHkjrL; & layXuL; & rYyhu gksus okys dk
fLoUuxk=kL; & Losnsu flDrL; 'kjhjL; & ilhus ls yFkiFk 'kjhj dk
in~H;ke~ mn~ofrZrL; & in~H;ke~ mUuferL; & nksuksa iSjksa ls Åij mBus
okys O;k;ke
oSurs;% & x#M% & x#M+
mjx% & liZ% & lk¡i
fonX/e~ & lqiDoe~ & Hkyh izdkj iosQ gq,
ifjiP;rs & th;Zrs & ip tkrk gS
vgu~ & fnol% & fnu
iF;a & vuqowQye~ & mfpr
vgjg% & izfrfnue~ & gj jkst
iqfEHk% & iq#"kS% & iq#"kksa osQ }kjk
v'kukfu & vkgkjk%@Hkkstukfu & Hkkstu
vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[krμ
(d) dhn`'ka deZ O;k;kelafKre~ dF;rs\
([k) O;k;kekr~ ¯d fdeqitk;rs\
(x) tjk dL; ldk'ka lglk u lef/jksgfr\
(?k) fd;rk cysu O;k;ke% drZO;%\
(Ä) v/ZcyL; y{k.ke~ fde~\
2- mnkgj.keuql`R; dks"Bdxrs"kq ins"kq r`rh;kfoHkfDra iz;qT; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk & O;k;ke% -------- ghuefi lqn'kZua djksfr (xq.k)
O;k;ke% xq.kS% ghuefi lqn'kZua djksfrA
(d) -------------------- O;k;ke% dÙkZO;%A (cyL;k/Z)
([k) -------------------- ln`'ka fdf×pr~ LFkkSY;kid"kZ.ka ukfLrA (O;k;ke)
(x) -------------------- fouk thoua ukfLrA (fo|k)
(?k) l% -------------------- [k×t% vfLrA (pj.k)
(Ä) lwidkj% -------------------- Hkkstua ft?kzfrA (ukfldk)
3- LFkwyinek/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#rμ

(d) 'kjhjL; vk;kltuua deZ O;k;ke% bfr dF;rsA
([k) vj;% O;k;kfeua u vnZ;fUrA
(x) vkRefgrSf"kfHk% loZnk O;k;ke% drZO;%A
(?k) O;k;kea dqoZr% fo#¼a Hkkstue~ vfi ifjiP;rsA
(Ä) xk=kk.kka lqfoHkDrrk O;k;kesu laHkofrA
4- fuEufyf[krkuke~ vO;;kuke~ fjDrLFkkus"kq iz;ksxa oqQ#rμ

lglk] vfi] ln`'ka] loZnk] ;nk] lnk] vU;Fkk
(d) -------------------- O;k;ke% dÙkZO;%A
([k) -------------------- euq";% lE;o~Q:is.k O;k;kea djksfr rnk l% -------------------- LoLFk%
fr"BfrA
(x) O;k;kesu vlqUnjk% -------------------- lqUnjk% HkofUrA
(?k) O;k;kfeu% tuL; ldk'ka ok/ZD;a -------------------- uk;kfrA
(Ä) O;k;kesu -------------------- fdf×pr~ LFkkSY;kid"kZ.ka ukfLrA
(p) O;k;kea leh{; ,o drZO;e~ -------------------- O;k/;% vk;kfUrA
5- (d) v/ksfyf[krs"kq rf¼rins"kq izÑ¯r@izR;;a p i`Fko~Q ÑRok fy[krμ

ewy'kCn% (izÑfr%) izR;;%
(d) iF;re% ¾ -------------------- $ --------------------
([k) lfg".kqrk ¾ -------------------- $ --------------------
(x) vfXuRoe~ ¾ -------------------- $ --------------------
(?k) fLFkjRoe~ ¾ -------------------- $ --------------------
(Ä) yk?koe~ ¾ -------------------- $ --------------------
([k) v/ksfyf[krÑnUrins"kq ewy/krqa izR;;a p i`Fko~Q ÑRok fy[krμ

ewy'kCn% $ izR;;%
(d) drZO;% ------------------------------- $ -------------------------------
([k) Hkkstue~ ------------------------------- $ -------------------------------
(x) vkfLFkr% vk $ -------------------- $ -------------------------------
(?k) Le`r% ------------------------------- $ -------------------------------
(Ä) leh{; le~ ------------------------ $ -------------------------------
(p) vkØE; vk $---------------------- $ -------------------------------
(N) tuue~ ------------------------------- $ -------------------------------
6- v/ksfyf[krsH;% insH;% milxkZu~ i`Fko~Q ÑRok fy[krμ

;Fkk& lqn'kZue~ & lq $ n'kZue~
(d) mitk;rs ------------------------------- $ ---------------------------------
([k) vid"kZ.ke~ ------------------------------- $ ---------------------------------
(x) vf/jksgfr ------------------------------- $ ---------------------------------
(?k) izi|rs ------------------------------- $ ---------------------------------
(Ä) lqfoHkDrrk ------------------------------- $ ---------------------------------
7- (d) "k"B 'yksdL; HkkoekfJR; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& ------------------ lehis mjxk% u ------------------ ,oeso O;k;kfeu% tuL; lehia
------------------ u xPNfUrA O;k;ke% o;ks:ixq.kghue~ vfi tue~ ------------------ djksfrA
([k) mnkgj.keuql`R; okP;ifjorZua oqQ#r&

deZokP;e~ dr`ZokP;e~
;Fkk&vkRefgrSf"kfHk% O;k;ke% fØ;rs vkRefgrSf"k.k% O;k;kea oqQoZfUrA
(1) cyork fo#¼efi Hkkstua iP;rs ------------------------------------------------------
(2) tuS% O;k;kesu dkfUr% yH;rs ------------------------------------------------------
(3) eksgusu ikB% iB~;rs ------------------------------------------------------
(4) yr;k xhra xh;rs ------------------------------------------------------
(x) Ô;k;keL; ykHkk%* bfr fo"k;ef/ÑR; i×pokD;s"kq ,de~ vuqPNsna fy[krA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) lqJqr% vk;qonsZ L;] ^lqJqrlafgrk* bR;k[;L; xzUFkL; jpf;rkA vfLeu~ xzUFks 'kY;fpfdRlk;k%
izk/kU;efLrA lqJqr% 'kY;'kkL=kKL; fnoksnklL; f'k";% vklhr~A fnoksnkl% lqJqra okjk.kL;ke~
vk;qosZne~ vikB;r~A lqJqr% fnoksnklL; mins'kku~ LoxzUFks¿fy[kr~A
([k) miyC/klq vk;qosZnh;&lafgrklq ^lqJqrlafgrk* loZJs"B% 'kY;fpfdRlkiz/kuks xzUFk%A vfLeu~
xzUFks 120 vè;k;s"kq Øes.k lw=kLFkkus ekSfydfl¼kUrkuka 'kY;deksiZ ;ksfx&;U=kknhuka] funkuLFkkus
izeq[kk.kka jksxk.kka] 'kjhjLFkkus 'kjhj'kkL=kL; fpfdRlkLFkkus] 'kY;fpfdRlk;k% dYiLFkkus p

fo"kk.kka izdj.kkfu of.kZrkfuA vL; mÙkjrU=ks 66 vè;k;k% lfUrA
(x) oSurs;feoksjxk% μ d';i ½f"k dh nks ifRu;k¡ Fkhaμ dæq vkSj fourkA fourk dk iq=k
x#M+ Fkk vkSj dæq dk iq=k liZA fourk dk iq=k gksus osQ dkj.k x#M+ dks oSurs; dgk tkrk
gSA (fourk;k% v;e~ oSurs;%] v.k~ izR;;s Ñrs)A x#M+ liZ ls vf/d rkdroj gksrk gS]
Hk;o'k lk¡i x#M+ ds ikl tkus dk lkgl ugha djrkA ;gk¡ O;k;ke djus okys euq"; dh
rqyuk x#M+ ls rFkk O;kf/;ksa dh rqyuk lk¡i ls dh xbZ gSA ftl izdkj x#M+ osQ le{k
lk¡i ugha tkrkA mlh izdkj O;k;ke djus okys O;fDr osQ ikl jksx ugha iQVdrsA
Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%
xq.kokpd 'kCnksa ls Hkko vFkZ esa ";×k~ vFkkZr~ ; izR;; yxkdj Hkkookph inksa dk fuekZ.k
fd;k tkrk gSA 'kCn osQ izFke Loj esa o`f¼ gksrh gS vkSj vfUre v dk yksi gksrk gSA
(d) 'kwjL; Hkko% 'kkS;Ze~ & 'kwj $ ";×k~
([k) lqUnjL; Hkko% lkSUn;Ze~ & lqUnj $ ";×k~
(x) lq[kL; Hkko% lkS[;e~ & lq[k $ ";×k~
(?k) fonq"k% Hkko% oSnq";e~ & fo}l~ $ ";×k~
(Ä) e/qjL; Hkko% ek/q;Ze~ & e/qj $ ";×k~
(p) LFkwyL; Hkko% LFkkSY;e~ & LFkwy $ ";×k~
(N) vjksxL; Hkko% vkjksX;e~ & vjksx $ ";×k~
(t) lfgrL; Hkko% lkfgR;e~ & lfgr $ ";×k~~
Fkky~&izR;;%& îzdkj* vFkZ esa Fkky~ izR;; dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
tSls& rsu izdkjs.k & rFkk
;su izdkjs.k & ;Fkk
vU;su izdkjs.k & vU;Fkk
loZ izdkjs.k & loZFkk
mHk; izdkjs.k & mHk;Fkk
HkkofoLrkj%
(d) 'kjhjek|a [kyq /eZlk/ue~
([k) yk?koa deZlkeF;± LFkS;± Dys'klfg".kqrkA
nks"k{k;ks¿fXuo`f¼'p O;k;keknqitk;rsAA
(x) ;Fkk 'kjhjL; j{kk;S mfpra Hkkstue~] mfpr'p O;ogkj% vko';dks¿fLr rFkSo 'kjhjL;
LokLF;k; O;k;ke% vfi vko';d%A
(?k) ;qDrkgkjfogkjL; ;qDrps"VL; deZlqA
;qDrLoIukocks/L; ;ksxks Hkofr nq%[kgkAA
(Ä) if{k.k% vkdk'ks mah;Urs rs"kke~ mM~M;ueso rs"kka O;k;ke%A i'koks¿fi brLrr% iyk;Urs]
iyk;ueso rs"kka O;k;ke%A 'kS'kos f'k'kq% LogLriknkS pky;fr] v;eso rL; O;k;ke%A
fo$vk$;e~ /krks% ?k×k~ izR;;kr~ fu"iUu% O;k;ke 'kCn% foLrkjL; fodklL; p
okpd%A ;rks fg O;k;kesu vXkuka fodkl% HkofrA vr% lq[kiwoZoaQ thoua ;kif;rqa
euq";S% fuR;a O;k;ke% dj.kh;%A
cqf¼cZyorh lnk 39
i×pe% ikB%
cqf¼cZyorh lnk
izLrqr ikB 'kqdlIrfr% uked izfl¼ dFkkxzUFk ls lEikfnr dj fy;k x;k gSA blesa
vius nks NksV&s NksVs iq=kksa osQ lkFk taxy osQ jkLrs ls firk osQ ?kj tk jgh cqf¼erh
uked ukjh osQ cqf¼dkS'ky dks fn[kk;k x;k gS tks lkeus vk, gq, 'ksj dks Mjk dj
Hkxk nsrh gSA bl dFkkxzUFk esa uhfrfuiq.k 'kqd vkSj lkfjdk dh dgkfu;ksa osQ }kjk
vizR;{k :i ls ln~of` Ùk dk fodkl djk;k x;k gSA
vfLr nsmyk[;ks xzke%A r=k jkt¯lg% uke jktiq=k% olfrLeA ,dnk osQukfi
vko';ddk;s.Z k rL; Hkk;kZ cqf¼erh iq=k};ksirs k firqxgZ` a izfr pfyrkA ekxsZ
xgudkuus lk ,oaQ O;k?kza nn'kZA lk O;k?kzekxPNUra n`"V~ok /k"V~;kZr~ iq=kkS pisV;k
izâR; txknμ¶dFkesoQS d'kks O;k?kzHk{k.kk; dyga oqQ#Fk%\ v;esdLrkof}HkT;
HkqT;rke~A i'pkn~ vU;ks f}rh;% df'pYy{;rsA¸
bfr JqRok O;k?kzekjh dkfpfn;fefr eRok O;k?kzks Hk;koqQyfpÙkks u"V%A

futcqnè~ ;k foeqDrk lk Hk;kn~ O;k?kzL; HkkfeuhA

vU;ks¿fi cqf¼ek¡YyksoQs eqP;rs egrks Hk;kr~AA
Hk;koqQya O;k?kza n`"V~ok df'pr~ /wr%Z Ük`xky% glÂkgμ ¶Hkoku~ oqQr% Hk;kr~
iykf;r%\¸
O;k?kz%& xPN] xPN tEcqd! Roefi fdf×pn~ xw<izn's ke~A ;rks O;k?kzekjhfr ;k
'kkL=ks Jw;rs r;kga gUrqekjC/% ija x`ghrdjthforks u"V% 'kh?kza rnxzr%A
Ük`xky%& O;k?kz! Ro;k egRdkSrd q e~ vkosfnra ;Uekuq"kknfi fcHksf"k\
O;k?kz%& izR;{keso e;k lkReiq=kkosoQS d'kks ekeÙkqa dygk;ekukS pisV;k izgjUrh
n`"VkA
tEcqd%& Lokfeu~! ;=kkLrs lk /wrkZ r=k xE;rke~A O;k?kz! ro iqu% r=k xrL;
lk lEeq[keih{krs ;fn] rfgZ Ro;k vga gUrO;% bfrA
O;k?kz%& Ük`xky! ;fn Roa eka eqDRok ;kfl rnk osykI;osyk L;kr~A
tEcqd%& ;fn ,oa rfgZ eka futxys cn~èok py lRoje~A l O;k?kz% rFkkÑRok
dkuua ;;kSA Ük`xkysu lfgra iqujk;kUra O;k?kza nwjkr~ n`"V~ok cqf¼erh
fpfUrrorh&tEcqdÑrksRlkgkn~ O;k?kzkr~ dFka eqP;rke~\ ija

izR;qRiÂefr% lk tEcqdekf{kiUR;Äq Yõ ;k rtZ;UR;qokpμ
js js /wrZ Ro;k nÙka eáa O;k?kz=k;a iqjkA
fo'okL;k|Sdekuh; dFka ;kfl onk/qukAA
cqf¼cZyorh lnk 41
bR;qDRok /kfork rw.k± O;k?kzekjh Hk;ÄïjkA

O;k?kzk¿s fi lglk u"V% xyc¼Ük`xkyd%AA
,oa izdkjs.k cqf¼erh O;k?kztkn~ Hk;kr~ iqujfi eqDrk¿Hkor~A vr ,o
mP;rs&
cqf¼cZyorh rfUo loZdk;s"Z kq loZnkAA
'kCnkFkkZ%
Hkk;kZ & iRuh & iRuh
iq=k};ksisrk & iq=k};su lfgrk & nksuksa iq=kksa osQ lkFk
misrk & ;qDrk & ;qDr
dkuus & ous & taxy esa
nn'kZ & vi';r~ & ns[kk
/k"V~;kZr~ & /`"VHkkokr~ & f<BkbZ ls
pisV;k & djizgkjs.k & FkIiM+ ls
izâR; & pisfVdka nRok & FkIIkM+ ekjdj
txkn & mDrorh & dgk
dyge~ & fookne~ & >xM+k
foHkT; & foHkDra ÑRok & vyx&vyx djosQ
(ck¡Vdj)
y{;rs & vfUo";rs & ns[kk tk,xk] <w¡<+k
tk,xk
O;k?kzekjh & O;k?kza ekj;fr (gfUr) & ck?k dks ekjus okyh
bfr
u"V% & e`r%] iykf;r% & Hkkx x;k
Hkkfeuh & Hkkfeuh] :iorh L=kh & :iorh L=kh
tEcqd% & Ük`xky% & fl;kj

xw<+izns'ke~ & xqIrizns'ke~ & xqIr izns'k esa
x`ghrdjthfor% & gLrs izk.kkÂhRok & gFksyh ij izk.k ysdj
vkosfnre~ & foKkfire~ & crk;k
izR;{ke~ & le{ke~ & lkeus
lkReiq=kkS & lk vkReu% iq=kkS & og vius nksuksa iq=kksa dks
,oSQd'k% & ,de~ ,oaQ ÑRok & ,d ,d djosQ
vRrqe~ & Hk{kf;rqe~ & [kkus osQ fy,
dygk;ekukS & dyga oqQoZUrkS & >xM+k djrs gq, (nks)
dks
izgjUrh & izgkja oqQoZUrh & ekjrh gqbZ
bZZ{krsrs & i';fr & ns[krh gS
osyk & le;% & 'krZ
vkf{kiUrh & vk{ksia oqQoZUrh & vk{ksi djrh gqbZ]
f>M+drh gqbZ]
HkRlZuk djrh gqbZ
rtZ;Urh & rtZua oqQoZUrh & /edkrh gqb]Z Mk¡Vrh gqbZ
fo'okL; & lek'oL; & fo'okl fnykdj
rw.kZe~ & 'kh?kze~ & tYnh] 'kh?kz
Hk;Äïjk & Hk;a djksfr bfr & Hk;ksRikfndk
xyc¼&Ük`xkyd% & xys c¼ Ük`xky% & xys esa ca/s gq, Ük`xky
;L; l% okyk
vfUreL; 'yksdL; vUo;%&

js js /wrZ! Ro;k eáa iqjk O;k?kz=k;a nÙke~A fo'okL; (vfi) v| ,oQe~ vkuh; dFka ;kfl bfr
v/quk onA bfr mDRok Hk;Vjk O;k?kzekjh rw.k± /kforkA xyc¼ Ük`xkyd% O;k?kz% vfi lglk
u"V%A gs rfUo! loZnk loZdk;sZ"kq cqf¼cZyorhA
cqf¼cZyorh lnk 43
vH;kl%
1- vèkksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[krμ

(d) cqf¼erh osQu misrk fir`xZ̀ga izfr pfyrk\
([k) O;k?kz% ¯d fopk;Z iykf;r%\
(x) yksosQ egrks Hk;kr~ d% eqP;rs\
(?k) tEcqd% ¯d onu~ O;k?kzL; migkla djksfr\
(Ä) cqf¼erh Ük`xkya fde~ mDrorh\
2- LFkwyinekèk`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#rμ

(d) r=k jkt¯lgks uke jktiq=k% olfrLeA
([k) cqf¼erh pisV;k iq=kkS izârorhA
(x) O;k?kza n`"V~ok /wrZ% Ük`xky% vonr~A
(?k) Roe~ ekuq"kkr~ foHksf"kA
(Ä) iqjk Ro;k eáa O;k?kz=k;a nÙke~A
3- mnkgj.keuql`R; drZfj izFkek foHkDrs% fØ;k;k×p ^Drorq* izR;;L; iz;ksxa ÑRok

okP;ifjorZua oqQ#rμ
;Fkk&r;k vga gUrqe~ vkjC/% & lk eka gUrqe~ vkjCèkorhA
(d) e;k iqLroaQ ifBre~A & -------------------------------------------
([k) jkes.k Hkkstua Ñre~A & -------------------------------------------
(x) lhr;k ys[k% fyf[kr%A & -------------------------------------------
(p) v'osu r`.ka HkqDre~A & -------------------------------------------
(Ä) Ro;k fp=ka n`"Ve~A & -------------------------------------------
4- v/ksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu ?kVukØes.k la;kst;rμ

(d) O;k?kz% O;k?kzekjh b;fefr eRok iykf;r%A
([k) izR;qRiÂefr% lk Ük`xkya vkf{kiUrh mokpA
(x) tEcqdÑrksRlkg% O;k?kz% iqu% dkuue~ vkxPNr~A

(?k) ekxsZ lk ,oaQ O;k?kza vi';r~A
(Ä) O;k?kza n`"V~ok lk iq=kkS rkM;Urh mokp&v/quk ,deso O;k?kza foHkT; HkqT;rA
(p) cqf¼erh iq=k};su misrk firqxgZ̀ a izfr pfyrkA
(N) ^Roa O;k?kz=k;a vkuf;rqa* izfrKk; ,deso vkuhroku~A
(t) xyc¼ Ük`xkyd% O;k?kz% iqu% iykf;r%A
5- l¯U/@lfU/foPNsna ok oqQ#rμ
(d) firqxgZ̀ e~ & ------------------ $ ------------------
([k) ,oSQd% & ------------------ $ ------------------
(x) ------------------ & vU;% $ vfi
(?k) ------------------ & bfr $ mDRok
(Ä) ------------------ & ;=k $ vkLrs
6- (d) vèkksfyf[krkuka inkuke~ vFkZ% dks"Bdkr~ fpRok fy[kr&

(d) nn'kZ & (nf'kZroku~] n`"Voku~)
([k) txkn & (vdFk;r~] vxPNr~)
(x) ;;kS & (;kfproku~] xroku~)
(?k) vÙkqe~ & ([kkfnrqe~] vkfo"oQrqZe~)
(Ä) eqP;rs & (eqDrks Hkofr] eXuks Hkofr)
(p) bZ{krs & (i';fr] bPNfr)
([k) ikBkr~ fpRok i;kZ;ina fy[krμ

(d) oue~ & -----------------
([k) Ük`xky% & -----------------
(x) 'kh?kze~ & -----------------
(?k) iRuh & -----------------
(Ä) xPNfl & -----------------
cqf¼cZyorh lnk 45
7- izÑfrizR;;foHkkxa oqQ#rμ
(d) pfyr% & -----------------
([k) u"V% & -----------------
(x) vkosfnr% & -----------------
(?k) n`"V% & -----------------
(Ä) xr% & -----------------
(p) gr% & -----------------
(N) ifBr% & -----------------
(t) yC/% & -----------------
ifj;kstukdk;Ze~
cqf¼eR;k% LFkkus vkRekua ifjdYI; rn~Hkkouka LoHkk"k;k fy[krA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%
nn'kZ&n`'k~ /krq] fyV~ ydkj] izFke iq#"k] ,dopu
foHksf"k ^Hkh* /krq] yV~ ydkj] eè;e iq#"k] ,dopuA
izgjUrh & iz $ â /krq] 'kr` izR;;] L=khfyÄAõ
xE;rke~ & xe~ /krq] deZokP;] yksV~ ydkj] izFkeiq#"k] ,dopuA
;;kS & ^;k* /krq] fyV~ ydkj] izFkeiq#"k] ,dopuA
;kfl & xPNflA
lekl
xyc¼ Ük`xkyd% & xys c¼% Ük`xky% ;L; l%A
izR;qRiÂefr% & izR;qRiUuk efr% ;L; l%A
TkEcqdo`QrksRlkgkr~ & tEcqosQu Ñr% mRlkg% & tEcqdÑrksRlkg% rLekr~A
iq=k};ksisrk & iq=k};su misrkA
Hk;koqQyfpÙk% & Hk;su vkoqQy% fpÙke~ ;L; l%A
O;k?kzekjh & O;k?kza ekj;fr bfrA

x`ghrdjthfor% & x`ghra djs thfora ;su l%A
Hk;Vjk & Hk;a djksfr ;k bfrA
xzUFk&ifjp; μ 'kqdlIrfr% osQ ys[kd vkSj dky osQ fo"k; esa ;|fi HkzkfUr cuh gqbZ gS]
rFkkfi bldk dky 1000 bZ- ls 1400 bZ- osQ eè; ekuk tkrk gSA gsepUnz us (1088&1172)
esa 'kqdlIrfr% dk mYys[k fd;k gSA pkSngoha 'krkCnh esa IkQkjlh Hkk"kk esa ^rwfrukeg* uke ls
vuwfnr gqvk FkkA
'kqdlIrfr% dk <k¡pk vR;Ur ljy vkSj euksjatd gSA gfjnÙk uked lsB dk enufouksn
uked ,d iq=k FkkA og fo"k;klDr vkSj oqQekxZxkeh FkkA lsB dks nq%[kh ns[kdj mlosQ fe=k
f=kfoØe uked czkã.k us vius ?kj ls uhfrfuiq.k 'kqd vkSj lkfjdk ysdj mlosQ ?kj tkdj
dgk&bl liRuhd 'kqd dk rqe iq=k dh Hkk¡fr ikyu djksA bldk laj{k.k djus ls rqEgkjk nq[k
nwj gksxkA gfjnÙk us enufouksn dks og rksrk ns fn;kA rksrs dh dgkfu;ksa us enufouksn dk ân;
ifjorZu dj fn;k vkSj og vius O;olk; esa yx x;kA
O;kikj izlax esa tc og ns'kkUrj x;k rc 'kqd us viuh euksjatd dgkfu;ksa ls mldh
iRuh dk rc rd fouksn djrk jgk tc rd mldk ifr okil ugha vk x;kA la{ksi esa
'kqdlIrfr% vR;f/d euksjatd dFkkvksa dk laxgz gSA
gu~ (ekjuk) /krks% :ie~A

yV~ydkj%
izFkeiq#"k% gfUr gr% ?ufUr
eè;eiq#"k% gfUl gFk% gFk
mÙkeiq#"k% gfUe gUo% gUe%
y`V~ydkj%
izFkeiq#"k% gfu";fr gfu";r% gfu";fUr
eè;eiq#"k% gfu";fl gfu";Fk% gfu";Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% gfu";kfe gfu";ko% gfu";ke%
cqf¼cZyorh lnk 47
yÄ~ydkj%
izFkeiq#"k% vgu~ vgrke~ vgr
eè;eiq#"k% vg% vgre~ vgr
mÙkeiq#"k% vgue~ vgUo vgUe
yksV~ydkj%
izFkeiq#"k% gUrq grke~ ?uUrq
eè;eiq#"k% tfg gre~ gr
mÙkeiq#"k% gukfu guko guke
fof/fyÄ~ydkj%
izFkeiq#"k% gU;kr~ gU;krke~ gU;q%
eè;eiq#"k% gU;k% gU;kre~ gU;kr
mÙkeiq#"k% gU;ke~ gU;ko gU;ke
"k"B% ikB%
lqHkkf"krkfu
laLÑr Ñfr;ksa osQ ftu i|ksa ;k i|ka'kksa esa lkoZHkkSe lR; dks cM+s ekfeZd <ax ls izLrqr
fd;k x;k gSA mu i|ksa dks lqHkkf"kr dgrs gSaA izLrqr ikB ,sls 10 lqHkkf"krksa dk laxzg
gS tks laLÑr osQ fofHkUu xzaFkksa ls ladfyr gSaA buesa ifjJe dk egÙo] Øksèk dk
nq"izHkko] lHkh oLrqvksa dh mikns;rk vkSj cqf¼ dh fo'ks"krk vkfn fo"k;ksa ij izdk'k
Mkyk x;k gSA
vkyL;a fg euq";k.kka 'kjhjLFkks egku~ fjiq% A

ukLR;q|eleks cUèkq% ÑRok ;a ukolhnfr AA1AA
xq.kh xq.ka osfÙk u osfÙk fuxqZ.kks]

cyh cya osfÙk u osfÙk fucZy% A
fidks olUrL; xq.ka u ok;l%]
djh p flagL; cya u ew"kd% AA2AA
fufeÙkeqfí'; fg ;% izoqQI;fr]
èkzqoa l rL;kixes izlhnfr A
vdkj.k}sf"k euLrq ;L; oS]
dFka tuLra ifjrks"kf;";fr AA3AA
lqHkkf"krkfu 49
mnhfjrks¿FkZ% i'kqukfi x`árs]

g;k'p ukxk'p ogfUr cksfèkrk% A
vuqDreI;wgfr if.Mrkstu%]
ijsfÄõrKkuiQyk fg cq¼;% AA4AA
Øksèkks fg 'k=kq% izFkeks ujk.kka]

nsgfLFkrks nsgfouk'kuk; A
;FkkfLFkr% dk"Bxrks fg ofÉ%]
l ,o ofÉnZgrs 'kjhje~ AA5AA
e`xk e`xS% lÄ õeuqoztfUr]

xko'p xksfHk% rqjxkLrqjXS% A
ew[kkZ'p ew[kSZ% lqfèk;% lqèkhfHk%]
leku&'khy&O;lus"kq l[;e~ AA6AA
lsforO;ks egko`{k% iQyPNk;klefUor% A

;fn nSokr~ iQya ukfLr Nk;k osQu fuok;Zrs AA7AA
veU=ke{kja ukfLr] ukfLr ewyeukS"kèke~ A

v;ksX;% iq#"k% ukfLr ;kstdLr=k nqyZHk% AA8AA
laiÙkkS p foiÙkkS p egrkesd:irk A

mn;s lfork jÙkQks jÙkQÜÓkLre;s rFkk AA9AA
fofp=ks [kyq lalkjs ukfLr fdf×pfÂjFkZde~ A

v'o'psn~ èkkous ohj% HkkjL; ogus [kj% AA10AA
'kCnkFkkZ%
volhnfr & nq%[ke~ vuqHkofr & nq%[kh gksrk gS
osfÙk & tkukfr & tkurk gS
ok;l% & dkd% & dkSvk
djh & xt% & gkFkh
fufeÙk% & dkj.ke~ & dkj.k
izoqQI;fr & vfrdksia djksfr & vR;fèkd Øksèk djrk gS
èkqzoa & fuf'pre~ & fuf'pr :i ls
vixes & lekIrs & lekIr gksus ij
izlhnfr & izlUu% Hkofr & izlUu gksrk gS
vdkj.k}sf"keu% & vdkj.ka }s"ka djksfr bfr & vdkj.k gh }s"k djus okyk
vdkj.k}sf"k rn~on~eu% ;L; l% eu gS ftldk
ifjrks"kf;";fr & ifjrks"ka nkL;fr & lUrq"V djsxk
mnhfjr% & mDr% dfFkr% & dgk gqvk
x`árs & izkI;rs & izkIr fd;k tkrk gS
g;k% & v'ok% & ?kksM+s
ukxk% & gfLru% & gkFkh
Ågfr & fuèkkZj;fr & vanktk yxkrk gS
bfXrKkuiQyk% & bfÄõra Kkue~] & lVsrtU; Kku :ih iQy
bfÄõrKkueso iQya ;L;k% okys
lk] rk%
if.Mr% & fo}ku~] cqf¼eku~ & cqf¼eku~
ofÉ% & vfXu% & vkx
ngrs & Toky;fr & tykrk gS
vuqoztfUr & i'pkr~ xPNfUr & ihNs&ihNs tkrs gSa]
vuqlj.k djrs gSa
rqjxk% & v'ok% & ?kksMs+
lqHkkf"krkfu 51
lqfèk;% & fo}kal% & fo}ku~ euh"kh

O;lus"kq & LoHkkos & vknr] LoHkko esa
l[;e~ & eS=kh & fe=krk
lsforO;% & vkJf;rO;% & vkJ; ysuk pkfg,
nSokr~ & HkkX;kr~ & HkkX; ls
fuok;Zrs & fuokj.ka fØ;rs & jksdk tkrk gS
veU=ke~ & u eU=ka] veU=ke{kja bfr & eU=kghu
eU=k & euu;ksX;e~ & euu ;ksX;@lkFkZd@lkjoku~
ewye~ & v/%Hkkxe~ & tM+
vkS"kèke~ & vkS"kfèk$v.k~ & nok] tM+h&cwVh
(ouLifr fufeZre~)
;kstd% & (;qt~ $.oqy~) & tksM+us okyk
lfork & lw;Z% & lw;Z
jDr% & & yky
[kj% & xnZHk% & xèkk
'yksdkuke~ vUo;%&
1- euq";k.kka 'kjhjLFk% egku~ 'k=kq% vkyL;e~A m|ele% cUèkq% u vfLr ;a ÑRok (euq";%) u
volhnfrA
2- xq.kh xq.ka osfÙk] fuxZq.k% (xq.ka) u osfÙk] cyh cya osfÙk] fucZy% (cya) u osfÙk] olUrL;
xq.ka fid% (osfÙk)] ok;l% u (osfÙk)] flagL; cya djh (osfÙk)] ew"kd% uA
3- ;% fufeÙke~ mfí'; izoqQI;fr l% rL; vixes èkzqoa izlhnfr ;L; eu% vdkj.k}sf"k (vfLr)
ra tu% dFka ifjrks"kf;";frA
4- i'kquk vfi mnhfjr% vFkZ% x`árs] g;k% ukxk% p cksfèkrk% (Hkkja) ogfUr] if.Mr% tu%
vuqDre~ vfi Ågfr cq¼;% ijsfXrKkuiQyk% HkofUrA
5- ujk.kka nsgfouk'kuk; izFke% 'k=kq% nsgfLFkr% Øksèk%A ;Fkk dk"Bxr% fLFkr% ofÉ% dk"Be~ ,o
ngrs (rFkSo 'kjhjLFk% Øksèk%) 'kjhja ngrs A
6- e`xk% e`xS% lg] xko'p xksfHk% lg] rqjxk% rqjXS% lg] ew[kkZ% ew[kSZ% lg] lqfèk;% lqèkhfHk% lg
vuqoztfUrA l[;e~ leku'khyO;lus"kq (Hkofr)A
7- iQyPNk;k lefUor% egko`{k% lsforO;%A nSokr~ ;fn iQya ukfLr (o`{kL;) Nk;k osQu
fuok;ZrsA
8- veU=ke~ v{kja ukfLr] vukS"kèke~ ewya ukfLr] v;ksX;% iq#"k% ukfLr] r=k ;kstd% nqyZHk%A
9- egrke~ laiÙkkS foiÙkkS p ,d:irk HkofrA
;Fkk& lfork mn;s jDr% Hkofr] rFkk vLre;s p jDr% HkofrA
10- fofp=ks lalkjs [kyq fdf×pr~ fujFkZoaQ ukfLrA v'o% psr~ èkkous ohj%] (rfgZ) HkkjL; ogus
[kj% (ohj%) vfLrA
vH;kl%
(d) osQu le% cUèkq% ukfLr\
([k) olUrL; xq.ka d% tkukfrA
(x) cq¼;% dhn`';% HkofUr\
(?k) ujk.kka izFke% 'k=kq% d%\
(Ä) lqqfèk;% l[;a osQu lg Hkofr\
(p) vLekfHk% dhn`'k% o`{k% lsforO;%\
2- v/ksfyf[krs vUo;};s fjDrLFkkuiwfr± oqQ#rμ

(d) ;% ------------------ mfí'; izoqQI;fr rL;k ------------------ l% èkzqoa izlhnfrA ;L; eu%
vdkj.k}sf"k vfLr] ra dFka ------------------ ifjrks"kf;";fr\
([k) ------------------ [kyq lalkjs ------------------ fujFkZde~ ukfLrA v'o% psr~ ------------------ ohj%]
[kj% ------------------ (ohj%) (Hkofr)
3- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka foykseinkfu ikBkr~ fpRok fy[kr&

(d) izlhnfr ------------------
([k) ew[kZ% ------------------
(x) cyh ------------------
lqHkkf"krkfu 53
(?k) lqyHk% ------------------

(Ä) laiÙkkS ------------------
(p) vLrs ------------------
(N) lkFkZde~ ------------------
4- v/ksfyf[krkuka okD;kuka Ñrs lekukFkZdku~ 'yksdka'kku~ ikBkr~ fpRok fy[kr&

(d) fo}ku~ l ,o Hkofr ;% vuqDre~ vfi rF;a tkukfrA
([k) euq";% leLoHkkoS% tuS% lg fe=krka djksfrA
(x) ifjJea oqQokZ.k% uj% dnkfi nq%[ka u izkIuksfrA
(?k) egkUr% tuk% loZnSo leizÑr;% HkofUrA
5- ;FkkfunsZ'ka ifjorZua fo/k; okD;kfu jp;r&

(d) xq.kh xq.ka tkukfrA (cgqopus)
([k) i'kq% mnhfjra vFk± x`ÊkfrA (deZokP;s)
(x) e`xk% e`xS% lg vuqoztfUrA (,dopus)
(?k) d% Nk;ka fuokj;frA (deZokP;s)
6- lfUèka@lfUèkfoPNsna oqQ#r&
(d) u $ vfLr $ m|ele% & -------------
([k) ------- $ ------ & rL;kixes
(x) vuqDre~ $ vfi $ Ågfr & -------------
(?k) ------ $ ---------- & xko'p
(Ä) ------ $ ---------- & ukfLr
(p) jDr% $ p $ vLre;s & -------------
(N) ------- $ ----------- & ;kstdLr=k
7- laLÑrsu okD;iz;ksxa oqQ#r&
(d) ok;l% -------------------
([k) fufeÙke~ -------------------
(x) lw;Z% -------------------

(?k) fid% -------------------
(Ä) ofÉ% -------------------
ifj;kstukdk;Ze~
(d) m|eL; egÙoa o.kZ;r% i×p'yksdku~ fy[krA

vFkok
dkfi dFkk ;k Hkof•% ifBrk L;kr~ ;L;ka m|eL; egÙoa of.kZre~ rka LoHkk"k;k
fy[krA
([k) fufeÙkeqfí'; ;% izoqQI;fr èkqzoa l rL;kixes izlhnfrA ;fn Hkork dnkfi bZn`'k%
vuqHko% Ñr% rfgZ LoHkk"k;k fy[krA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
1- rRiq#"k lekl
'kjhjLFk% & 'kjhjs fLFkr%
x`gLFk% & x`gs fLFkr%
euLLFk% & eufl fLFkr%
rVLFk% & rVs fLFkr%
owQiLFk% & owQis fLFkr%
o`{kLFk% & o`{ks fLFkr%
foekuLFk% & foekus fLFkr%
2- vO;;hHkko lekl
fuxqZ.ke~ & xq.kkuke~ vHkko%
fueZf{kde~ & ef{kdk.kke~ vHkko%
lqHkkf"krkfu 55
futZye~ & tyL; vHkko%

fujkgkje~ & vkgkjL; vHkko%
3- i;kZ;okfpinkfu&
'k=kq% & fjiq%] vfj%] oSfj%
fe=ke~ & l[kk] cUèkq%] lqân~
ofÉ% & vfXu%] nkgd%] ikod%
lqfèk;% & fo}kal%] foKk%] vfHkKk%
v'o% & rqjx%] g;%] ?kksVd%
xt% & djh] gLrh] nUrh] ukx%A
o`{k% & nzqe%] r#%] egh#g%A
lfork & lw;Z%] fe=k%] fnokdj%] HkkLdj%A
eU=k% êuukr~ =kk;rs bfr eU=k%A*
vFkkZr~ os 'kCn tks lksp&fopkj dj cksys tk,¡A lykg ysuk] eU=k.kk djukA eU=k~$vp~ (fdlh
Hkh nsork dks lEcksfèkr) oSfnd lwDr ;k izkFkZukijd oSfnd eU=k] osn dk ikB rhu izdkj dk
gS& ;fn NUnksc¼ vkSj mPp Loj ls cksyk tkus okyk gS rks ^½o~Q* gS] ;fn x|e; vkSj
eUnLoj esa cksyk tkus okyk gS rks ^;tql~* gS] vkSj ;fn NUnksc¼rk osQ lkFk xs;rk gS rks ^lkeu~*
gS (izkFkZukijd) ;tql~ tks fdlh nsork dks mn~fn"V djosQ cksyk x;k gks& ^vksa ue% f'kok;*
vkfnA iapra=k esa Hkh ea=k.kk] ijke'kZ] mins'k rFkk xqIr ea=k.kk osQ vFkZ esa bl 'kCn dk iz;ksx
gqvk gSA
lIre% ikB%
HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk
gekjs okrkoj.k esa HkkSfrd lq[k lk/uksa osQ lkFk&lkFk vusdksa vkink,¡ Hkh yxh jgrh gSaA
izkÑfrd vkink,¡ thou dks vLr&O;Lr dj nsrh gSaA dHkh fdlh egkekjh dh vkink]
ck<+ rFkk lw[ks dh vkink ;k rwiQku osQ :i esa Hk;Vj izy;μ ;s lc ge vius thou
esa ns[krs rFkk lqurs jgrs gSaA HkwoQEi Hkh ,slh gh vkink gS A ftlosQ ckjs esa ;gk¡ n`f"Vikr
fd;k x;k gSA bl ikB osQ ekè;e ls ;g crk;k x;k gS fd fdlh Hkh vkink esa fcuk
fdlh ?kcjkgV osQ] fgEer osQ lkFk fdl izdkj ge viuh lqj{kk Lo;a dj ldrs gSaA
,dksÙkj f}lgÏ∫h"VkCns (2001 bZLoh;s o"ks)Z x.krU=k&fnol&ioZf.k ;nk lexzefi

Hkkjr jk"Vªa u`R;&xhrokfn=kk.kke~ mYykls eXueklhr~ rnkdLeknso xqtZj& jkT;a
i;kZoQq ya] foi;ZLre~] ØUnufodya] foiUu×p tkre~A HkwdEiL; nk#.k& foHkhf"kdk
leLrefi xqtZj{ks=ka fo'ks"ks.k p dPNtuina èoalko'ks"kq ifjofrZrorhA HkwdEiL;
osQUnzHkwra Hkqtuxja rq e`fÙkdkØhMudfeo [k.M[k.Me~ tkre~A cgqHkwfedkfu Hkoukfu
{k.ksuSo èkjk'kk;hfu tkrkfuA mR[kkrk fo|qíhiLrEHkk%A fo'kh.kkZ% x`glksiku& ekxkZ%A
iQky};s foHkDrk Hkwfe%A HkwfexHkkZnqifj fuLljUrhfHk% nqokZj tyèkkjkfHk%&
HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk 57
egkIykoun`';e~ mifLFkre~A lgÏferk% izkf.kuLrq {k.ksuSo e`rk%A èoLrHkous"kq

lEihfMrk lgÏ'kks¿U;s lgk;rkFk± d#.kd#.ka ØUnfUr LeA gk nSo! {kqR{kked.Bk%
e`rizk;k% osQpu f'k'koLrq bZ'ojÑi;k ,o f}=kkf.k fnukfu thoua èkkfjroUr%A
b;eklhr~ HkSjofoHkhf"kdk dPN HkwdEiL;A i×pksÙkj f}lgÏ∫h"VkCns (2005
bZLoh;s o"ksZ) vfi d'ehj izkUrs ikfdLrku ns'ks p èkjk;k% egRdEiua tkre~A
;LekRdkj.kkr~ y{kifjferk% tuk% vdkydkydofyrk%A i`Foh dLekRizdEirs
oSKkfudk% bfr fo"k;s dFk;fUr ;r~ i`fFkO;k vUrxZHksZ fo|ekuk% c`gR;% ik"kk.k&
f'kyk ;nk la?k"kZ.ko'kkr~ =kqV~;fUr rnk tk;rs Hkh"k.ka laL[kyue~] laL[kyutU;a
dEiu×pA rnSo Hk;kogdEiua èkjk;k mifjryeI;kxR; egkdEiua tu;fr ;su
egkfouk'kn`';a leqRi|rsA
Tokykeq[kioZrkuka foLiQksVSjfi HkwdEiks tk;r bfr dFk;fUr HkwdEifo'ks"kKk%A
i`fFkO;k% xHksZ fo|ekuks¿fXu;Znk [kfute`fÙkdkf'kykfnl×p;a DoFk;fr rnk rRloZeo s
ykokjlrke~ misR; nqokZjxR;k èkjka ioZra ok fonk;Z cfgfuZ"ØkefrA èkweHkLeko`ra
tk;rs rnk xxue~A lsfYl;'k&rki&ek=kk;k v"V'krkÄïrkeqixrks¿;a ykokjlks ;nk
unhosxsu izogfr rnk ik'oZLFkxzkek uxjkf.k ok rnqnjs {k.ksuSo lekfo'kfUrA
fugU;Urs p foo'kk% izkf.ku%A Tokykeqn~fxjUr ,rs ioZrk vfi Hkh"k.ka
HkwdEia tu;fUrA
;|fi nSo% izdksiks HkwdEiks uke] rL;ksi'keuL; u dks¿fi fLFkjksik;ks
n`';rsA izÑfr le{ke|kfi foKkuxfoZrks ekuo% okeudYi ,o rFkkfi
HkwdEijgL;Kk% dFk;fUr ;r~ cgqHkwfedHkoufuekZ.ka u dj.kh;e~A rVcUèka fuekZ;
c`gUek=ka unhtyefi uSdfLeu~ LFkys iq×thdj.kh;e~ vU;Fkk vlUrqyuo'kkn~
HkwdEiLlEHkofrA oLrqr% 'kkUrkfu ,o i×prÙokfu f{kfrtyikodlehjxxukfu
HkwryL; ;ksx{ksekH;ka dYiUrsA v'kkUrkfu [kyq rkU;so egkfouk'ke~ miLFkki;fUrA
'kCnkFkkZ%
i;kZoqQye~ μ ifjr%O;koqQye~ μ pkjksa vksj ls cspSu
foi;ZLre~ μ vLrO;Lre~ μ vLrO;Lr
foiUue~ μ foifÙk;qDre~ μ (foifÙkxzLr) eqlhcr esa
nk#.kfoHkhf"kdk μ Hk;Vj=kkl% μ Hk;;qDr
èoalko'ks"kq μ uk'kksijkUre~ vof'k"Vs"kq μ fouk'k osQ ckn cph gqbZ oLrq
e`fÙkdkØhMudfeo μ e`fÙkdk;k% ØhMude~ bo μ fe^h osQ f[kykSus osQ leku
cgqHkwfedkfu Hkoukfu μ cgO;% Hkwfedk% ;s"kq μ cgqeaftys edku
rkfu Hkoukfu
mR[kkrk% μ mRikfVrk% μ m[kM+ x;s
fo'kh.kkZ% μ u"Vk% μ fc[kj x;s
iQky};s μ [k.M};s μ nks [k.Mksa esa
fuLljUrhfHk% μ fuxZPNUrhfHk% μ fudyrh gqbZ
nqokZj μ nq%[ksu fuokjf;rqa ;ksX;e~ μ ftudks gVkuk dfBu gS
egkIykoue~ μ egr~ Iykoue~ μ fo'kky ck<+
{kqR{kked.B% μ {kqèkk {kke% d.Bk% ;s"kke~ rs μ Hkw[k ls nqcZy d.B okys
dkydofyrk% μ fnoaxrk% μ e`R;q dks izkIr gq,
la?k"kZ.ko'kkr~ laL[kyue~ μ fopyue~ μ LFkku ls gVuk
tu;fr μ mRiÛka djksfr μ mRiUu djrh gS
HkwdEifo'ks"kKk% μ Hkqo% dEiujgL;L; Kkrkj% μ Hkwfe osQ dEiUu osQ jgL;
dks tkuus okys
[kfut μ mR[kuukr~ izkIra nzO;e~ μ Hkwfe dks [kksnus ls izkIr oLrq
DoFk;fr μ mÙkIra djksfr μ mckyrh gS] rikrh gS
fonk;Z μ fonh.k± ÑRok] fHkRok μ iQkM+dj
ik'oZLFk&xzkek% μ fudVLFk xzkek% μ lehi osQ xk¡o
mnjs μ oqQ{kkS μ isV esa
lekfo'kfUr & vUr% xPNfUr μ lek tkrh gSa
HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk 59
mn~fxjUr% μ izdV;Ur% μ izdV djrs gq,

mi'keuL; μ 'kkUrs% μ 'kkUr djus dk
okeudYi μ okeuln`'k% μ ckSuk
fuekZ; μ fuekZ.ka ÑRok μ cukdj
iq×thdj.kh;e~ μ laxzg.kh;e~ μ bd_k djuk pkfg,
;ksx{ksekH;ke~ μ vizkIrL; izkfIr% ;ksx% μ vizkIr dh izkfIr ;ksx gS
izkIrL; j{k.ka {kse% rkH;ke~ izkIr dh j{kk {kse gS
vH;kl%
1- vèkksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLo`QrHkk"k;k fy[kr &
(d) leLrjk"Vªa dhnò~Q mYykls eXue~ vklhr~\
([k) HkwdEiL; osQUnzfcUnq% d% tuin% vklhr~\
(x) i`fFkO;k% L[kyukr~ ¯d tk;rs\
(?k) lexzks fo'o% oSQ% vkrafdr% n`';rs\
(Ä) osQ"kka foLiQksVSjfi HkwdEiks tk;rs\
(p) dhn`'kkfu Hkoukfu èkjk'kk;hfu tk;Urs\
2- lfUèka@lfUèkfoPNsna p oqQ#r &

(v) ijlo.kZlfUèkfu;ekuqlkje~ &
(d) fd×p ¾ ---------------- $ p
([k) ---------------- ¾ uxje~ $ rq
(x) foiUu×p ¾ ---------------- $ ----------------
(?k) ------------------ ¾ fde~ $ uq
(Ä) HkqtuxjUrq ¾ ---------------- $ ----------------
(p) ---------------- ¾ le~ $ p;%
(vk) folxZlfUèkfu;ekuqlkje~&
(d) f'k'koLrq ¾ ---------------- $ ----------------
([k) ---------------- ¾ foLiQksV%S $ vfi
(x) lgLkz'kks¿U;s ¾ ---------------- $ vU;s
(?k) fofp=kks¿;e~ ¾ fofp=k% $ ----------------
(Ä) ---------------- ¾ HkwdEi% $ tk;rs
(p) okeudYi ,o ¾ ---------------- $ ----------------
3- (v) ^d* LrHHks inkfu nÙkkfu ^[k* LrEHks foykseinkfu] r;ks% la;ksxa oqQ#r&
d [k
lEiUue~ izfo'kUrhfHk%
èoLrHkous"kq lqfpjs.kSo
fuLljUrhfHk% foiUue~
fuekZ; uofufeZr Hkous"kq
{k.ksuSo fouk';
(vk) ^d* LrEHks inkfu nÙkkfu ^[k* LrEHks lekukFkZdinkfu r;ks% la;ksxa oqQ#r &
d [k
i;kZoqQye~ u"Vk%
fo'kh.kkZ% Øksèk;qDrke~
mn~fxjUr% la=kksV~;
fonk;Z O;koqQye~
izoqQfirke~ izdV;Ur%
4- (v) mnkgj.keuql`R; izÑfr&izR;;;ks% foHkkxa oqQ#r&

;Fkk& ifjofrZrorh & ifj $ o`r~ $ Drorq $ Ähi~ (L=kh)
èk`roku~ & ----------------- $ -----------------
glu~ & ----------------- $ -----------------
HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk 61
fo'kh.kkZ & fo $ 'kÏ $ Dr $ ---------------

izpyUrh & ----------------- $ ----------------- $ 'kr` $ Ähi~ (L=kh)
gr% & ----------------- $ -----------------
(vk) ikBkr~ fofpR; leLrinkfu fy[kr&
egr~ p rr~ dEiua ¾ ----------------------------------
nk#.kk p lk foHkhf"kdk ¾ ----------------------------------
èoLrs"kq p rs"kq Hkous"kq ¾ ----------------------------------
izkDrus p rfLeu~ ;qxs ¾ ----------------------------------
egr~ p rr~ jk"Vªa rfLeu~ ¾ ----------------------------------
5- LFkwyinkfu vkèk`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk fo'ks"ks.k dPNtuina èoalko'ks"ks"kq ifjofrZrorhA
([k) oSKkfudk% dFk;fUr ;r~ i`fFkO;k% vUrxZHksZ] ik"kk.kf'kykuka la?k"kZ.ksu dEiua tk;rsA
(x) foo'kk% izkf.ku% vkdk'ks fiihfydk% bo fugU;UrsA
(?k) ,rkn`'kh Hk;kog?kVuk x<+oky{ks=ks ?kfVrkA
(Ä) rfnnkuhe~ HkwdEidkj.ka fopkj.kh;a fr"BfrA
6- ^HkwdEifo"k;s* i×pokD;fere~ vuqPNsna fy[krA
7- dks"BosQ"kq nÙks"kq /krq"kq funsZ'kkuqlkja ifjorZua fo/k; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) lexza Hkkjra mYykls eXu% ------------------- (vl~ $ yV~ ydkjs)
([k) HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk dPNtuina fou"Va ------------------- (Ñ $ Drorq $ Ähi~)
(x) {k.ksuoS izkf.ku% x`gfoghuk% ------------------- (Hkw $ yÄ~] izFke iq#"k cgqopu)
(?k) 'kkUrkfu i×prÙokfu HkwryL; ;ksx{ksekH;ka ------------------- (Hkw $ yV~] izFke iq#"k
cgqopu)
(Ä) ekuok% ------------------- ;r~ cgqHkwfedHkoufuekZ.ka dj.kh;e~ u ok\ (i`PN~ $ yV~]
izFke iq#"k cgqopu)
(p) unhosxsu xzkek% rnqnjs ------------------- (le~ $ vk $ fo'k~ $ fof/fyÄ~] izFke iq#"k
,d opu)
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
HkwdEi ifjp; μ Hkwfe dk dEiu HkwdEi dgykrk gSA og fcUnq HkwdEi dk mn~xe osQUnz
dgk tkrk gS] ftl fcUnq ij dEiu dh mRifÙk gksrh gSA dEiu rjax osQ :i esa fofoèk fn'kkvksa
esa vkxs pyrk gSA ;s rjaxas lHkh fn'kkvksa esa mlh izdkj iSQyrh gSa tSls fdlh 'kkUr rkykc esa
iRFkj osQ VqdM+kas dks isaQdus ls rjaxsa mRiUu gksrh gSaA
èkjkry ij oqQN LFkku ,sls gSa tgk¡ HkwdEi izk;% vkrs gh jgrs gSaA mnkgj.k osQ vuqlkj& iz'kkUr
egklkxj osQ pkjkas vksj osQ izns'k] fgekpy izns'k] xXk] czãiq=k dk rVh; Hkkx bu {ks=kksa esa
vusd HkwdEi vk, ftuesa ls oqQN rks vR;fèkd Hk;kog vkSj fouk'kdkjh FksA lqukeh Hkh ,d
izdkj dk HkwdEiu gh gS ftlesa Hkwfe osQ Hkhrj vR;Ur xgjkbZ ls rhoz dEiu mRiUu gksrk gSA
;gh dEiu leqnz osQ ty dks dkiQh m¡QpkbZ rd rhozrk iznku djrk gSA iQyLo:i rVh; {ks=k
lokZfèkd izHkkfor gksrs gSaA lqukeh dk Hkh"k.k izdksi 20 flrEcj 2004 dks gqvkA ftldh
pisV esa Hkkjrh; izk;}hi lfgr vusd ns'k vk x;sA f{kfr] ty] ikod] xxu vkSj lehj bu
i×prRoksa esa lUrqyu cuk, j[kdj izkÑfrd vkinkvksa ls cpk tk ldrk gSA blosQ foijhr
vlUrqfyr i×prRoksa ls l`f"V fou"V gks ldrh gS\
HkwdEifo"k;s izkphuere~
izkphuS% ½f"kfHk% vfi LoLoxzUFks"kq HkwdEiksYys[k% Ñr% ;su Li"Va Hkofr ;r~ HkwdEik%
izkphudkys¿fi vk;kfUr LeA
;Fkk&
ojkglafgrk;ke~&
f{kfrdEiekgqjsosQ eáUrtZyfuokfllÙoÑre~
HkwHkkjf[kUufnXxtfu%'okl leqn~Hkoa pkU;sA
vfuyks¿fuysu fufgr% f{krkS iru~ lLoua djksR;U;s
osQfpr~ Ron`"VdkfjrfeneU;s izkgqjkpk;kZ%AA
e;wjfp=ks
dnkfpr~ HkwdEi% Js;ls¿fi dYirsA ,rkn`'kk% vfi mYys[kk% vLekoaQ lkfgR;s leqiYkH;Urs
;Fkk ok#.ke.MyekS'kuls &
HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk 63
izrhP;ka ;fn dEisr ok#.ks lIrosQ x.ks]

f}rh;;kes jk=kkS rq r`rh;s ok#.ka Le`re~ A
v=k o`f"V'p egrh 'kL;o`f¼LrFkSo p]
izKk èkeZjrk'pSo Hk;jksxfooftZrk% AA
mYdkHkwdEifnXnkglEHko% 'kL;o`¼;s A
{ksekjksX;lqfHk{kk;S o`"V;s p lq[kk; p A
HkwdEilek ,o vfXudEi%] ok;qdEi%] vEcqdEi% bR;soe¿U;s¿fi HkofUrA
v"Ve% ikB%
iz'u=k;e~
izLrqr dFkk :lh dFkkdkj fy;ks VkYLVk; dh izfl¼ dgkuh osQ vaxzsth vuqokn dk
laf{kIr :i esa iqujk[;ku gSA ;gk¡ lsok rFkk ijksidkj ij cy nsrs gq, dgk x;k gS fd
blosQ }kjk dBksj ls Hkh dBksj euq"; dk ân;&ifjofrZr gks ldrk gS ftldh orZeku
le; esa ekuo lekt osQ fy, egrh vko';drk gSA
df'pn~ jktk Loeufl fujUrja izorZekuk;kftKklk;k% lekèkkuk; dfLe¡f'pnkJes
fuolrks equ%s ik'oZeiq kxPNr~A rnkuha eqfu% Lodk;Zlya Xu ,o jktkua ;Fks"VeH;uUnr~A
jktk ra eqfua iz'u=k;ei`PNr~& d% le;% Js"B%\ d% iqjQ"k% Js"B%\ ¯d deZ p
Js"Be~\ bfrA eqfuLrq jktkua izfr u è;kRok Lodk;Zesokdjksr~A
r=kkJes jkKks fuoklkfnO;oLFkkefi fuèkkZ;Z eqfuuZ fdeI;okspr~ izR;qr Lodh;kfu

dk;kZf.k ;FkkiwoeZ kpjr~A jktk iqu% iqu% rkuso iz'ukuqiLFkkI; equ#s Ùkja izrhf{kroku~A
iz'u=k;e~ 65
fdUrq eqfuuZ fdefi oDrqeqRlqd%A l p fujUrjekJeL; d"kZ.ka] ektZua] lspua]

rFkkU;kfu dk;kZf.k drq± O;ki`r%A jktk fujk'kks HkwRok izR;korZuL; fopkja pdkjA
vFkkijs|%q jkKks jktèkkuha izfr izLFkkuksRlqdL; iqjr% df'pr~ 'kL=kkgr% JeDykUr%
iq#"k% vkJeekxr%A rL; d"Va foyksD; n;knzksZ eqfu;ZFkklkè;a rL;ksipkjs izo`Ùk%A
jktkfi rkn`'kL; vkrqjL; n'k;k fody bo equsLrfLeu~ dk;sZ rnkns'ksu lgk;rka
pdkjA dfri;Sjso fnolSjkxUrqdks equs% jkK'pksipkjs.k LoLFkks tkr%A
l p jktkueqokpμ e;k osQukfi dkj.ksu Øksèkkfo"Vsu jktSo gUrO; vklhr~
fdUrq ef}pkjL; izdk'kukn~ jktiq#"kk% eka Hk`'kerkM;u~ cUnhÑroUr'pA
;FkkdFkefi v=k fujkinekJeekxrks¿fLe iyk;ekuks cUèkukr~A vèkquk Hkorks
O;ogkjs.k dksiks es xfyr%A {kUrO;kss¿;a ojkdks tu%A vkKki;rq egkjkt%A
vFk jktkua eqfu#okp&¶eU;s Hkonh;L; iz'u=k;L; lekèkkueL; tuL;
ifjofrZrekulL; lso;So tkre~A eqfu% iqujfi fo'knhoqQoZUudFk;r~& v;eso
Js"B% le;% ;=k ekuo% ijksidkjs dfLeUufi deZf.k ok O;ki`r%A le{ka orZeku%
iq#"k ,o Js"B% dL;kfi lgk;rka dke;eku%A lsoo S Js"Ba deZ ;su ân;ifjorZuefi
tk;rsA¸ jktk equs#Ùkjiznkui¼R;k izeqfnr% HkwRok Louxja xr%A
'kCnkFkkZ%
izorZekuk;k% μ pyk;ekuk% μ pyrh gqbZ dk
mikxPNr~ μ lehia xroku~ μ fudV x;k
;Fks"Ve~ μ bPNkuqlkje~ μ LosPNk ls
vH;uUnu~ μ vfHkuUnua o`Qroku~ μ Lokxr fd;k
izrhf{kroku~ μ izrh{kke~ vdjksr~ μ izrh{kk dh
fu/kZ;Z μ fuf'pra ÑRok μ fuf'pr djosQ
izR;korZuL; μ izfr$vkorZuL; μ ykSVus dk
vijs|q% μ vijfLeu~ fnus μ vxys fnu
iqjr% μ le{ke~ μ lkeus
foyksD; μ n`"V~ok μ ns[kdj

;Fkklkè;e~ μ ;FkklaHkoe~ μ ftruk laHko Fkk
Hk`'ke~ μ vR;f/de~ μ vR;f/d
fujkine~ μ vkin~foghue~ μ foifÙk jfgr
xfyr% μ lekIr% μ u"V gks x;k
ojkdks μ foo'k% μ cspkjk
fo'knhoqQoZu~ μ foLrkja oqQoZu~ μ foLrkj djrs gq,
{kUrO;% μ {kek ;ksX;% μ {kek djus ;ksX;
izo`Ùk% μ layXu% μ yxk gqvk
izeqfnr% μ izd"ksZ.k eqfnr% μ vrho izlUu
O;ki`r% μ deZf.k fujr% μ dke esa yxk gqvk
pdkj μ vdjksr~ μ fd;k
vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[krμ

(d) jktk fdeFk± equs% ik'oZeqikxPNr~\
([k) jktk eqfua dku~ iz'uku~ vi`PNr~\
(x) vijs|q% dhn`'k% iqjQ"k% vkJeekxr%\
(?k) iqjQ"k% dFka LoLFk% tkr%\
(Ä) Js"B% le;% d%\
(p) Js"Ba deZ fde~\
2- LFkwyinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#rμ

(d) jktk eqfua iz'u=k;ei`PNr~A
([k) eqfu% Lodk;ZlayXu ,o jktkue~ vH;uUnr~A
(x) jktk ftKklk;k% lek/kuk; equs% ik'oZexPNr~A
iz'u=k;e~ 67
(?k) jktk iz'uku~ miLFkkI; equs% mÙkja izrhf{kroku~A

(Ä) jktk 'kL=kkgrL; lgk;rke~ vdjksr~A
3- ^d* LrEHks nÙkkuka fo'ks"k.kinkuka ^[k* LrEHks nÙkS% fo'ks";S% lg la;kstua oqQ#rμ
(d) ([k) mÙkjkf.k
izorZekuk;k% eqfu% --------------
'kL=kkgr% vkJee~ --------------
n;knzZ% ftKklk;k% --------------
ojkd% fnolS% --------------
dfri;S% iqjQ"k% --------------
fujkine~ tu% --------------
Lodh;kfu deZ --------------
Js"Be~ dk;kZf.k --------------
4- ikBkr~ leLrina fpRok foxzg&okD;&le{ka fy[krμ

(d) iwoeZ ~ vufrØE; & ----------------------------
([k) 'kL=ks.k vkgr% & ----------------------------
(x) jkK% iq#"k% & ----------------------------
(?k) egku~ pklkS jktk & ----------------------------
(Ä) Jes.k DykUr% & ----------------------------
(p) vkinkuke~ vHkko% & ----------------------------
5- ikBkr~ fpRok vO;;inS% fjDrLFkkuiwfr± oqQ#rμ

(d) -------------- Hkorks O;ogkjs.k dksiks es xfyr%A
([k) jktk vkJes equs% -------------- vkxPNr~A
(x) eqfu% -------------- vkJes jkKks fuoklkfnO;oLFkkefi vdjksr~A
(?k) jktk -------------- rkuso i'pkr~ miLFkkfiroku~A
6- vèkksfyf[krkfu loZukeinkfu dLeS iz;qDrkfu bfr okD;le{ks fy[krμ

(d) jktk ra iz'u=k;ei`PNr~A
([k) rL; d"Va foyksD; eqfu% rL;ksipkjs izo`Ùk%A
(x) l fujk'kks HkwRok izR;korZuL; fopkjedjksr~A
(?k) l Lodk;ZlayXu ,o jktkua&;Fks"VeH;uUnr~A
7- lfUèkfoPNsna oqQ#rμ
(d) ;Fks"Ve~ & ------------------ $ ------------------
([k) izR;korZue~ & ------------------ $ ------------------
(x) rFkkU;kfu & ------------------ $ ------------------
(?k) df'pr~ & ------------------ $ ------------------
(Ä) lso;So & ------------------ $ ------------------
(p) rL;ksipkjs & ------------------ $ ------------------
ifj;kstukdk;Ze~
^lsokijeksèkeZ%* bfr Hkkoa o.kZ;u~ dkefi lR;?kVuka dFkka ok fy[kr&
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
Hkkf"kd foLrkj%μ
izorZekuk;k% & iz $ o`r~ $ 'kkup~ (L=kh-) "k"Bh fo- ,dopue~
mikxPNr~ & mi $ vk $ xe~ yÄ~ ydkj iz- iq- ,dopue~
vH;uUnr~ & vfHk $ √uUn~ $ yÄ~ ydkj iz- iq- ,dopue~
izrhf{kroku~ & izfr $ bZ{k~ $ √Drorq iz- iq- ,dopue~
fuèkkZ;Z & fuj~ $ √èk` (èkkj.ks) Y;i~ izR;;
vokspr~ & op~ $ yqX ydkj iz- iq- ,dopue~
izR;korZuL; & izfr $ vk $ o`r~ $ Y;qV~ izR;; "k"Bh fo- ,dopue~
iz'u=k;e~ 69
vijs|q% & (vO;; 'kCn) vij $ ,|ql~

O;ki`r% & fo $ vki` $ Dr
dfri; & (fo'ks"k.kine~) oqQN] dfr $ v;p~] iqo~Q p
dfri; 'kCn osQ :i vdkjkUr ia¡q- ûj* 'kCn osQ leku gksaxsA bl 'kCn dk iz;ksx osQoy cgqopu
esa gksrk gSA
pdkj & √o`Q fyV~ ydkj izFke iq- ,dopue~
ô`Q* èkkrq osQ fyV~ ydkj dk :i
îjks{ks fyV~*
izFkeiq#"k% pdkj pØrq% pozqQ%
eè;eiq#"k% pdFkZ pØFkq% pØ
mÙkeiq#"k% pdkj] pdj po`Qo po`Qe
ydkj
Nk=k ik¡p ydkjksa dk iz;ksx tkurs gSaA fdUrq laLÑr Hkk"kk esa nl ydkj gksrs gSaA nlksa ydkjksa osQ
Kku osQ fy, ^xe~* /krq dk mngkj.k ns[ksa&
xe~ /krq yV~ydkj% (orZekudky)
izFkeiq#"k% xPNfr xPNr% xPNfUr
eè;eiq#"k% xPNfl xPNFk% xPNFk
mÙkeiq#"k% xPNkfe xPNko% xPNke%
xe~ /krq yÄ~ydkj% (vu|ruHkwr)

izFkeiq#"k% vxPNr~ vxPNrke~ vxPNu~
eè;eiq#"k% vxPN% vxPNre~ vxPNr
mÙkeiq#"k% vxPNe~ vxPNko vxPNke
xe~ /krq y`V~ydkj% (lkekU; Hkfo";)

izFkeiq#"k% xfe";fr xfe";r% xfe";fUr
eè;eiq#"k% xfe";fl xfe";Fk% xfe";Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% xfe";kfe xfe";ko% xfe";ke%
xe~ /krq yksV~ydkj% (vkKk)
izFkeiq#"k% xPNrq xPNrke~ xPNUrq
eè;eiq#"k% xPN xPNre~ xPNr
mÙkeiq#"k% xPNkfu xPNko xPNke
xe~ /krq fof/fyÄ~ydkj%
izFkeiq#"k% xPNsr~ xPNsrke~ xPNs;q%
eè;eiq#"k% xPNs% xPNsre~ xPNsr
mÙkeiq#"k% xPNs;e~ xPNso xPNse
xe~ /krq (vk'khfyZÄõ)
izFkeiq#"k% xE;kr~ xE;kLrke~ xE;klq%
eè;eiq#"k% xE;k% xE;kLre~ xE;kLr
mÙkeiq#"k% xE;kle~ xE;kLo xE;kLe
xe~ /krq ijks{ksHkwr (fyV~)
izFkeiq#"k% txke tXeLrq% tXeq%
eè;eiq#"k% txfeFk] txUFk tXeFkq% tXe
mÙkeiq#"k% txke] txe tfXeo tfXee
iz'u=k;e~ 71
xe~ /krq (vu|ruHkfo"; yqV~)

izFkeiq#"k% xUrk xUrkjkS xUrkj%
eè;eiq#"k% xUrkfl xUrkLFk% xUrkLFk
mÙkeiq#"k% xUrkfLe xUrkLOk% xUrkLe%
xe~ /krq (lkekU;Hkwr&yqÄ~)
izFkeiq#"k% vxer~ vxerke~ vxeu~
eè;eiq#"k% vxe% vxere~ vxer
mÙkeiq#"k% vxee~ vxeko vxeke
xe~ /krq (fØ;k foifÙk&yqÄ~)
izFkeiq#"k% vxfe";r~ vxfe";rke~ vxfe";u~
eè;eiq#"k% vxfe";% vxfe";re~ vxfe";r
mÙkeiq#"k% vxfe";e~ vxfe";ko vxfe";ke
folxZ lfUèk esa folxZ osQ i'pkr~ l~ ;k r~ vkus ij folxZ osQ LFkku ij l~ gks tkrk gSA ;Fkkμ
liZ% $ liZfr = liZLliZfr
d% $ Roe~ = dLRoe~
eqfu% $ rq = eqfuLrq
bl lfUèk esa in osQ vfUre l~ dks # vkns'k gksrk gS rFkk # osQ m dk yksi gks tkrk gSA
eqfu% $ u = eqfuuZ
equs% $ mÙkje~ = equs#Ùkje~
folxZ osQ iwoZ v gks vkSj ckn esa Hkh v gks rks folxZ dk vks rFkk ckn osQ vdkj dk iwoZ :i
(¿) gks tkrk gSA
;Fkkμ
d% $ vfi = dks¿fi
l% $ vfi = lkss¿fi
ys[kd ifjp;%
fo'odFkk&lkfgR; esa :lh ys[kd fy;ks VkYLVk; dh vR;fèkd izflf¼ gSA lkfRodrk ls iw.kZ ,oa
èkjrh ls tqM+h gqbZ dgkfu;ksa osQ ys[kd osQ :i esa VkYLVk; us fo'o&dFkk txr~ dks cgqr izHkkfor
fd;k FkkA budk egku~ miU;kl ôkj ,.M ihl* mUuhloha 'krkCnh osQ Øhfe;k&;q¼ osQ dFkkud
ij vkèkkfjr gS tks ;q¼ dh fujFkZdrk vkSj 'kkfUr osQ i{k esa okrkoj.k izLrqr djrk gSA VkYLVk;
osQ fopkjksa dk egkRek xkUèkh ij cgqr izHkko iM+k FkkA nksuksa esa i=kkpkj Hkh gksrk FkkA fo'o dh
izeq[k Hkk"kkvksa esa Hkh VkYLVk; dh jpukvksa osQ vuqokn gq, gSaA laLo`Qr esa Hkh mudh jpuk,¡
vuwfnr gSa tks ^VkYLVk; dFkk laxzg%* osQ uke ls izfl¼ gSaA
izLrqr dFkk izfl¼ :lh dFkkdkj fy;ks VkYLVk; dh ,d cgqizpfyr dgkuh osQ vaxzs”kh
'kh"kZd ‘Three question’ dk vuwfnr laf{kIr iqujk[;ku gSA ;g dgkuh lsok ,oa ijksidkjijd
gksus osQ vfrfjDr ân; ifjorZudkjh gSA dgkuh esa ekuo dh egÙkk Hkh izfrikfnr gSA bl dFkk dk
iqujk[;ku izks- mek'kadj 'kekZ ^½f"k* osQ }kjk fd;k x;k gSA izks- ½f"k u osQoy izfl¼ leh{kd
gSa vfirq fonXèk jpukdkj osQ :i esa Hkh izfl¼ gSaA laLo`Qr esa vkidh ,d ekSfyd dFkk
^,dkfdRoe~* lkfgR; vdkneh u;h fnYyh ls izdkf'kr ^laLo`Qr y?kqdFkk laxzg* esa ladfyr gSA
uoe% ikB%
izk.ksH;ks¿fi fiz;% lqân~

izLrqr ukV~;ka'k egkdfo fo'kk[knÙk }kjk jfpr êqækjk{kle~* uked ukVd osQ izFke
vV ls mn~/r` fd;k x;k gSA uUnoa'k dk fouk'k djus osQ ckn mlosQ fgrSf"k;ksa dks
[kkst&[kkstdj idM+okus osQ Øe esa pk.kD;] vekR; jk{kl ,oa mlosQ dqVfq Ec;ksa dh
tkudkjh izkIr djus osQ fy, pUnunkl ls okrkZyki djrk gS fdUrq pk.kD; dks
vekR; jk{kl osQ fo"k; esa dksbZ lqjkx u nsrk gqvk pUnunkl viuh fe=krk ij n`<+
jgrk gSA mlosQ eS=kh Hkko ls izlUu gksrk gqvk Hkh pk.kD; tc mls jktn.M dk Hk;
fn[kkrk gS] rc pUnunkl jktn.M Hkksxus osQ fy;s Hkh lg"kZ izLrqr gks tkrk gSA bl
izdkj vius lqân~ osQ fy, izk.kksa dk Hkh mRlxZ djus osQ fy;s rRij pUnunkl viuh
lqân~&fu"Bk dk ,d ToyUr mnkgj.k izLrqr djrk gSA
pk.kD;% & oRl! ef.kdkjJsf"Bua pUnunklfenkuha æ"VqfePNkfeA
f'k";% & rFksfr (fu"ØE; pUnunklsu lg izfo';) br% br% Jsf"Bu~
(mHkkS ifjØker%)
f'k";% & (mil`R;) mikè;k;! v;a Js"Bh pUnunkl%A
pUnunkl% & t;Rok;Z%
pk.kD;% & Jsf"Bu~! Lokxra rsA vfi izph;Urs laO;ogkjk.kka o`f¼ykHkk%\
pUnunkl% & (vkRexre~) vR;knj% 'kVuh;%A (izdk'ke~) vFk fde~A vk;ZL;
izlknsu v[kf.Mrk es of.kT;kA
pk.kD;% & Hkks Jsf"Bu~! izhrkH;% izÑfrH;% izfrfiz;fePNfUr jktku%A
pUnunkl% & vkKki;rq vk;Z%] ¯d fd;r~ p vLeTtukfn";rs bfrA
pk.kD;% & Hkks Jsf"Bu~! pUæxqIrjkT;fena u uUnjkT;e~A uUnL;So vFkZlEcUèk%

izhfreqRikn;frA pUæxqIrL; rq HkorkeifjDys'k ,oA
pUnunkl% & (lg"kZe)~ vk;Z! vuqxg` hrks¿fLeA
pk.kD;% & Hkks Jsf"Bu~! l pkifjDys'k% dFkekfoHkZofr bfr uuq Hkork
iz"VO;k% Le%A
pUnunkl% & vkKki;rq vk;Z%A
pk.kD;% & jktfu vfo#¼o`fÙkHkZoA
pUnunkl% & vk;Z! d% iquj/U;ks jkKks fo#¼ bfr vk;s.Z kkoxE;rs\
pk.kD;% & Hkokuso rkor~ izFkee~A
pUnunkl% & (d.kkSZ fi/k;) 'kkUra ikie~] 'kkUra ikie~A dhn`'kLr`.kkukefXuuk
lg fojks/%\
pk.kD;% & v;ehn`'kks fojks/% ;r~ Roe|kfi jktkiF;dkfj.kks¿ekR;jk{klL;
x`gtua Lox`gs j{kflA
pUnunkl% & vk;Z! vyhdesrr~A osQukI;uk;s.Z k vk;kZ; fuosfnre~A
pk.kD;% & Hkks Jsf"Bu~! vyek'kV;kA Hkhrk% iwojZ ktiq#"kk% ikSjk.kkfePNrkefi
x`gs"kq x`gtua fuf{kI; ns'kkUrja oztfUrA rrLrRizPNknua
nks"keqRikn;frA
pUnunkl% & ,oa uq bne~A rfLeu~ le;s vklhnLen~xg` s vekR;jk{klL; x`gtu
bfrA
pk.kD;% & iwoeZ ~ ^vu`re~*] bnkuhe~ ¶vklhr~¸ bfr ijLijfo#¼s opusA
pUnunkl% & vk;Z! rfLeu~ le;s vklhnLen~xg` s vekR;jk{kL; x`gtu bfrA
pk.kD;% & vFksnkuha DOk xr%\
pUnunkl% & u tkukfeA
pk.kD;% & dFka u Kk;rs uke\ Hkks Jsf"Bu~! f'kjfl Hk;e~] vfrnwja
rRizfrdkj%A
izk.ksH;ks¿fi fiz;% lqân~ 75
pUnunkl% & vk;Z! ¯d es Hk;a n'kZ;fl\ lUrefi xsgs vekR;jk{kL; x`gtua

u leiZ;kfe] ¯d iqujLkUre~\
pk.kD;% & pUnunkl! ,"k ,o rs fu'p;%\

pUnunkl% & ck<e~] ,"k ,o es fu'p;%A
pk.kD;% & (Loxre~) lk/q! pUnunkl lk/qA
lqyHks"oFkZykHks"kq ijlaons us tusA
d bna nq"dja dq;kZfnnkuha f'kfouk foukAA
'kCnkFkkZ%
ef.kdkj Jsf"Bue~ & jRudkja of.kta & ef.k dk O;kikjh
fu"ØE; & cfgxZRok & fudydj
mil`R; & lehia xRok & ikl tkdj
ifjØker% & ifjHkze.ka dqoZr% & (nksuksa) ifjHkze.k djrs gSa
izph;Urs & o`¯¼ izkIuqofUr & c<+rs gSa

laO;ogkjk.kke~ & O;kikjk.kke~ & O;kikjkas dk
vkRexre~ & Loxre~ & eu gh eu
'kVuh;% & lUnsgkLine~ & 'kadk djus ;ksX;
v[kf.Mrk & fuckZ/k & ck/kjfgr
of.kT;k & okf.kT;e~ & O;kikj
izhrkH;% & izlUukH;% & izlUu tuksa osQ izfr
izfrfiz;e~ & izR;qidkje~ & midkj osQ cnys fd;k
x;k midkj
vifjDys'k% & nq%[kkHkko% & nq[k dk vHkko
vkKki;rq & vkfn'krq & vkns'k nsa
vFkZlEcU/% & /uL; lEcU/% & /u dk lEcU/
ifjDys'k% & nq%[ke~ & nq%[k
iz"VO;k% & iz"Vqa;ksX;k% & iwNus ;ksX;
voxE;rs & Kk;rs & tkuk tkrk gS
vfo#¼o`fÙk% & vfo#¼LoHkko% & fojks/jfgr LoHkko okyk
fi/k; & vkPNk| & cUn dj
jktkiF;dkfj.k% & uìkidkjdkfj.k% & jktkvksa dk vfgr djus
okys
vyhde~ & vlR;e~ & >wB
vuk;sZ.k & nq"Vsu & nq"V osQ }kjk
ikSjk.kke~ & uxjokfluke~ & uxj osQ yksxkas osQ
fuf{kI; & LFkkif;Rok & j[kdj
oztfUr & xPNfUr & tkrs gSa
izPNknue~ & vkPNknue~ & fNikuk
vekR;% & eU=kh & eU=kh
vlUre~ & u fuolUre~ & u jgus okys
ck<e~ & vke~ & gk¡
laosnus & leiZ.ks Ñrs lfr & leiZ.k ij
tus & yksosQ & lalkj esa
vafre 'yksd dk vUo;

vUo;% ijL; laosnus vFkZykHks"kq lqyHks"kq bna nq"dja deZ tus (yksosQ) f'kfouk fouk d%
oqQ;kZr~A
ijL; ijdh;L; vFkZL; laosnus leiZ.ks Ñrs lfr vFkZykHks"kq lqyHks"kq lRlq LokFk±
r`.khÑR; ijlaj{k.k:iesoa nq"dja deZ tus (yksosQ) ,osQu f'kfouk fouk RonU;% d%
oq Q ;kZ r ~ A f'kfojfi Ñrs ;q x s Ñroku~ Roa rq bnkuha dykS ;q x s djks f "k bfr
rrks¿I;fr'kf;r&lqpfjrRofefr Hkko%A
vFkZμnwljksa dh oLrq dks lefiZr djus ij cgqr /u izkIr gksus dh fLFkfr esa Hkh
nwljksa dh oLrq dh lqj{kk :ih dfBu dk;Z dks ,d f'kfo dks NksM+dj rqEgkjs
vykok nwljk dkSu dj ldrk gS\
vk'k;μ bl 'yksd osQ }kjk egkdfo fo'kk[knÙk us cM+s gh laf{kIr 'kCnksa esa pUnunkl osQ
xq.kksa dk o.kZu fd;k gSA blesa dfo us dgk gS fd nwljksa dh oLrq dh j{kk djuh
dfBu gksrh gSA ;gk¡ pUnunkl osQ }kjk vekR; jk{kl osQ ifjokj dh j{kk dk
dfBu dke fd;k x;k gSA U;klj{k.k dks egkdfo Hkkl us Hkh nq"dj dk;Z ekurs
gq, LoIuoklonÙke~ esa dgk gSμ nq"dja U;klj{k.ke~A
pUnunkl vxj vekR; jk{kl osQ ifjokja dks jktk dks lefiZr dj nsrk] rks jktk
mlls izlUu Hkh gksrk vkSj cgqr&lk /u ikfjrksf"kd osQ :i esa nsrk] ij mlus
HkkSfrd ykHk o yksHk dks njfdukj djrs gq, vius izk.kfiz; fe=k osQ ifjokja dh
j{kk dks viuk dÙkZO; ekuk vkSj bls fuHkk;k HkhA dfo us pUnunkl osQ bl dk;Z
dh rqyuk jktk f'kfo osQ dk;ks± ls dh gS ftUgksaus vius 'kj.kkxr diksr dh j{kk
osQ fy, vius 'kjhj osQ vaxksa dks dkVdj ns fn;k FkkA jktk f'kfo us rks lR;;qx
esa ,slk fd;k Fkk] ij pUnunkl us ,slk dk;Z bl dfy;qx esa fd;k gS] blfy, os
vkSj vf/d iz'kalk osQ ik=k gaSA
vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[kriz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr&
(d) pUnunkl% dL; x`gtua Lox`gs j{kfr Le\
([k) r`.kkuka osQu lg fojks/% vfLr\
(x) d% pUnunkla æ"VqfePNfr\

(?k) ikBs¿fLeu~ pUnunklL; rqyuk osQu lg Ñrk\
(Ä) izhrkH;% izÑfrH;% izfrfiz;a osQ bPNfUr\
(p) dL; izlknsu pUnunklL; okf.kT;k v[kf.Mrk\
2- LFkwyk{kjinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#rμ
(d) f'kfouk fouk bna nq"dja dk;± d% oqQ;kZr~A
([k) izk.ksH;ks¿fi fiz;% lqârA
(x) vk;ZL; izlknsu esa okf.kT;k v[kf.MrkA
(?k) izhrkH;% izÑfrH;% jktku% izfrfiz;fePNfUrA
(Ä) r`.kkuke~ vfXuuk lg fojks/ks HkofrA
3- funsZ'kkuqlkja lfU/a@lfU/foPNsna dq#rμ
(d) ;Fkkμ d% $ vfi & dks¿fi
izk.ksH;% $ vfi & ------------
------------ $ vfLe & lTtks¿fLeA
vkReu% $ ------------ & vkReuks¿f/dkjln`'ke~
([k) ;Fkkμ lr~ $ fpr~ & lfPpr~
'kjr~ $ pUæ% & ------------
dnkfpr~ $ p & ------------
4- v/ksfyf[krokD;s"kq funsZ'kkuqlkja ifjorZua dq#rμ
;Fkkμ izfrfiz;fePNfUr jktku%A (,dopus)
izfrfiz;fePNfr jktkA
(d) l% izÑrs% 'kksHkka i';fr (cgqopus)
([k) vga u tkukfeA (eè;eiq#"kSdopus)
(x) Roa dL; x`gtua Lox`gsj{kfl\ (mÙkeiq#"kSdopus)
(?k) d% bna nq"dja dq;kZr~\ (izFkeiq#"kcgqopus)
(Ä) pUnunkla æ"VqfePNkfeA (izFkeiq#"kSdopus)
(p) jktiq#"kk% ns'kkUrja oztfUrA (izFkeiq#"kSdopus)
5- dks"BosQ"kq nÙk;ks% in;ks% 'kq¼a fodYia fofpR; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) ----------------- fouk bna nq"dja d% oqQ;kZr~A (pUnunklL; @ pUnunklsu)
([k) ----------------- bna o`ÙkkUra fuosn;kfeA (xqjos @ xqjks%)
(x) vk;ZL; ----------------- v[kf.Mrk es of.kT;kA (izlknkr~ @ izlknsu)
(?k) vye~ ----------------- A (dygsu @ dygkr~)
(Ä) ohj% ----------------- ckya j{kfrA (¯lgsu @ ¯lgkr~)
(p) ----------------- Hkhr% ee Hkzkrk lksikukr~ virr~A (oqQDoqQjs.k @ oqQDoqQjkr~)
(N) Nk=k% ----------------- iz'ua i`PNfrA (vkpk;Ze~ @ vkpk;sZ.k)
6- v/ksnÙke×tw"kkr% leqfprinkfu x`ghRok foykseinkfu fy[kr&
vknj% vlR;e~ xq.k% i'pkr~ rnkuhe~ r=k
(d) vuknj% ------------------------

([k) nks"k% ------------------------
(x) iwoZe~ ------------------------
(?k) lR;e~ ------------------------
(Ä) bnkuhe~ ------------------------
(p) v=k ------------------------
7- mnkgj.keuql`R; v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu iz;qT; i×pokD;kfu jp;r&
;Fkk fu"ØE;& f'kf{kdk iqLrdky;kr~ fu"ØE; d{kka izfo'kfrA
(d) mil`R; ------------------------
([k) izfo'; ------------------------
(x) æ"Vqe~ ------------------------
(?k) bnkuhe~ ------------------------
(Ä) v=k ------------------------
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
dfoifjp;%
êqækjk{kle~* bfr ukEu% ukVdL; iz.ksrk fo'kk[knÙk vklhr~A l% jktoa'ks mRiUu% vklhr~A rL;
firk HkkLdjnÙk% egkjktL; inoha izkIuksr~A fo'kk[knÙk% jktuhrs% U;k;L; T;ksfr"kfo"k;L; p
fo}ku~ vklhr~A oSfnd/ekZoyEch HkwRok¿fi l% ckS¼/eZL; vfi vknjedjksr~A
xzUFkifjp;%
êqækjk{kle~* ,de~ ,sfrgkflda ukVde~ vfLrA n'kkVs"kq fojfprs vfLeÂkVosQ pk.kD;L;
jktuhfrddkS'kyL; cqf¼oSHkoL; jk"Vªl×pkyukFkZe~ dwVuhrhuke~ fun'kZuefLrA vfLeÂkVosQ
pk.kD;L;kekR;jk{klL; p dwVuhR;ks% la?k"kZ%A
HkkofoLrkj%
pk.kD;& pk.kD;% ,d% fo}ku~ czkã.k% vklhr~A rL; firìznÙka uke fo".kqxqIr% vklhr~A
v;eso ^dkSfVY;* bfr ukEuk izfl¼%A osQ"kkf×pr~ fonq"kke~ bnefi erefLr ;r~ jktuhfr'kkL=ks
oqQfVyuhrs% izfr"Bkkiuk; rL;k% Lo&thous mi;ksxk; p v;a ^dkSfVY;%* bR;fi dF;rsA
p.kdukedL; dL;fpr~ vkpk;ZL; iq=kRokr~ ^pk.kD;%* bfr ukEuk l izfl¼% tkr%A uUnkuka
jkT;dky% 'kro"kkZf.k i;ZUre~ vklhr~A rs"kq vfUres"kq }kn'ko"ks"Z kq ,rsu lqekY;knhuke~ v"VuUnkuka
lagkj% dkfjr% rFkk p pUæxqIrekS;%Z uìRosu jkt¯lgklus LFkkfir%A v;esd% egku~ jktuhfrK%
vklhr~A ,rsu Hkkjrh;'kkluO;oLFkk;k% izkekf.kdrÙokuka o.kZusu ;qDra ¶vFkZ'kkL=ke~¸ bfr
vfregÙoiw.kZ% xzUFk% jfpr%A
pUæxqIrekS;Z%& pUæxqIr% egkin~euUnL; eqjk;k% p iq=k% vklhr~A pk.kD;L; ekxZn'kZus
vusu prqfo±'kfro"kZi;ZUra jkT;a Ñre~A
jk{kl%& uUnjkK% LokfeHkDr% prqj% iz/kukekR;% vklhr~A
pUnunkl%& dqlqeiqj ukfEu uxjs egkekR;L; jk{klL; fiz;rea ik=ka fe=k×p vklhr~A l
ef.kdkj% Js"Bh p vklhr~A vL;So x`gkr~ jk{kl% lifjokj uxjkr~ cfgjxPNr~A
Hkkf"kd foLrkj%
1- i`Fko~Q vkSj fouk 'kCnksa osQ ;ksx esa f}rh;k r`rh;k vkSj iapeh rhuksa foHkfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx&
;Fkk&tya fouk thoua u lEHkofrA f}rh;k
tysu fouk thoua u lEHkofrA r`rh;k

tykr~ fouk thoua u lEHkofrA iapeh
ifjJea i`Fko~Q ukfLr lq[ke~A f}rh;k
ifjJes.k i`Fko~Q ukfLr lq[ke~A r`rh;k
ifjJekr~ i`Fko~Q ukfLr lq[ke~A iapeh
2- vuh;j~ izR;;iz;ksx%
vR;knj% 'kVuh;%
tUrq'kkyk n'kZuh;k
;kposQH;% nkua nkuh;e~
osneU=kk% Lej.kh;k%
iqLrdesykiosQ iqLrdkfu Ø;.kh;kfuA
(d) vuh;j~ izR;;L; iz;ksx% ;ksX;kFksZ HkofrA
([k) vuh;j~ izR;;s ^vuh;* bfr vof'k";rsA
(x) vL; :ikf.k f=k"kq fyXs"kq pyfUrA
;Fkk & iq¡fYyXs L=khfyXs uiaqldfyXs
iBuh;% iBuh;k iBuh;e~
buosQ :i Øe'k% nsoor~] yrkor~ rFkk iQyor~ pysxsaA
3- mHk loZukeine~
iq¡fYyXs uiqaldfyXs L=khfyXs
mHkkS mHks mHks
mHkkS mHks mHks
mHkkH;ke~ mHkkH;ke~ mHkkH;ke~
mHk;ks% mHk;ks% mHk;ks%
mHk;ks% mHk;ks% mHk;ks%
n'ke% ikB%
vU;ksDr;%
vU;ksfDr vFkkZr~ fdlh dh iz'kalk vFkok fuUnk vizR;{k :i ls vFkok fdlh cgkus ls
djukA tc fdlh izrhd ;k ekè;e ls fdlh osQ xq.k dh iz'kalk ;k nks"k dh fuUnk dh tkrh
gS] rc og ikBdksa osQ fy, vf/d xzká gksrh gSA izLrqr ikB esa ,slh gh lkr vU;ksfDr;ksa
dk lVyu gS ftuesa jktgal] dksfdy] es?k] ekykdkj] ljksoj rFkk pkrd osQ ekè;e ls
ekuo dks ln~of` Ùk;ksa ,oa lRdeksZa osQ izfr izoÙ` k gksus dk lan's k fn;k x;k gSA
,osQu jktgalsu ;k 'kksHkk ljlks Hkosr~ A
u lk cdlgÏs.k ifjrLrhjokfluk AA1AA
HkqDrk e`.kkyiVyh Hkork fuihrk
U;Ecwfu ;=k ufyukfu fu"ksforkfu A
js jktgal! on rL; ljksojL;]
ÑR;su osQu Hkforkfl Ñrksidkj% AA 2AA
rks;SjYiSjfi d#.k;k HkheHkkukS funk?ks]
ekykdkj! O;jfp Hkork ;k rjksjL; iqf"V% A
lk fda 'kD;k tuf;rqfeg izko`"ks.;su okjka]
/kjklkjkufi fofdjrk fo'orks okfjnsu AA3AA
vkisfnjs¿EcjiFka ifjr% irXk%]
Hk`Xk jlkyeqoqQykfu lekJ;Urs A
lVkspe×pfr ljLRof; nhunhuks]
ehuks uq gUr dreka xfreH;qiSrq AA 4AA
vU;ksDr;% 83
,d ,o [kxks ekuh ous olfr pkrd% A

fiikflrks ok fez;rs ;kprs ok iqjUnje~ AA5AA
vk'okL; ioZroqQya riuks".krIr&
eqíkenkofo/qjkf.k p dkuukfu A
ukukunhun'krkfu p iwjf;Rok]
fjDrks¿fl ;Ttyn! lSo roksÙkek Jh% AA6AA
js js pkrd! lko/kueulk fe=k {k.ka Jw;rk&
eEHkksnk cgoks fg lfUr xxus losZ¿fi uSrkn`'kk% A
osQfpn~ o`f"VfHkjknzZ;fUr olq/ka xtZfUr osQfpn~ o`Fkk]
;a ;a i';fl rL; rL; iqjrks ek czwfg nhua op% AA7AA
'kCnkFkkZ%
ljl% & rMkxL; & rkykc dk
cdlglzs.k & cdkuka lglzs.k & gtkjksa cxqyksa ls
ifjr% & loZr% & pkjksa vksj
rhjokfluk & rVfuokfluk & rVoklh osQ }kjk
e`.kkyiVyh & deyukylewg% & deyuky dk lewg
fuihrkfu & fu% 'ks"ks.k ihrkfu & HkyhHkk¡fr ih;k x;k
vEcwfu & tykfu & ty
ufyukfu & deykfu & deyksa dks
fu"ksforkfu & lsforkfu & lsou fd;s x;s
Hkfork & Hkfo";fr & gksxk
ÑR;su & dk;sZ.k & dk;Z ls
Ñrksidkj% & Ñr% midkj% ;su l% & midkj fd;k gqvk(izR;qidkj
djus okyk)
rks;S% & tyS% & ty ls

HkheHkkukS & Hkhe%Hkkuq% ;fLeu~ & xzh"edky esa (lw;Z osQ vR;fèkd
l% HkheHkkuq% rfLeu~ rius ij)
funk?ks & xzh"edkys & xzh"edky esa
ekykdkj & gs ekykdkj! & gs ekyh!
iqf"V% & iq"Vrk] o`f¼% & iks"k.k
tuf;rqe~ & mRiknf;rqe~ & mRiUUk djus osQ fy,
izko`"ks.;su & o"kkZdkfyosQu & o"kkZdkfyd
okfjnsu & tynsu & ckny osQ }kjk
/kjklkjku~ & /kjk.kka vklkjku~ & /kjkvksa dk izokg
okjke~ & tykuke~ & tyksa osQ
fofdjrk & (tya)o"kZ;rk & (ty) cjlkrs gq,
vkisfnjs & izkIroUr% & izkIr dj fy,
vEcjiFke~ & vkdk'kekxZe~ & vkdk'k&ekxZ dks
irÄõk% & [kxk% & i{kh
Hk`Äõk% & Hkzejk% & HkkSajs] Hk¡ojs
jlkyeqoqQykfu & jlkykuka eqoqQykfu & vke dh e×tfj;ksa dks
lÄïkspe~ v×pfr & lVkspa xPNfr & laoqQfpr gksus ij
ehu% & eRL;% & eNyh
iqjUnje~ & bUnze~ & bUnz dks
ekuh & LokfHkekuh & LokfHkekuh
vH;qiSrq & izkIuksrq & izkIr djsa
vk'okL; & lek'okL; & larq"V djosQ
ioZroqQye~ & ioZrkuka oqQye~ & ioZrksa osQ lewg dks
riuks".krIre~ & riuL; m".ksu rIre~] & lw;Z dh xehZ ls ris gq, dks
míkenkofo/qjkf.k & mUurdk"Bjfgrkfu & m¡Qps dk"Bksa (o`{kksa) ls jfgr
dks
vU;ksDr;% 85
ukukunhun'krkfu & ukuk u|%]unkuka 'krkfu p & vusd ufn;ksa vkSj lSoQM+kas unksa
dks
dkuukfu & oukfu & ou
iwjf;Rok & iw.k± ÑRok & iw.kZ djosQ (Hkjdj)
fiikflr% & r`f"kr% & I;klk
lko/kueulk & è;kusu & è;ku ls
vEHkksnk% & es?kk% & ckny
xxus & vkdk'ks & vkdk'k esa
vknzZ;fUr & tysu Dysn;fUr & ty ls fHkxks nsrs gSa
olq/ke~ & i`Fohe~ & i`Foh dks
xtZfUr & xtZua (èofue~) oqQoZfUr & xtZuk djrs gSa
iqjr% & vxzs & vkxs] lkeus
lokZlke~ vU;ksDrhuke~ vUo;k%μ

1- ,osQu jktgalsu ljl% ;k 'kksHkk Hkosr~A ifjr% rhjokfluk cdlglzs.k lk ('kksHkk) u
(Hkofr)AA
2- ;=k Hkork e`.kkyiVyh HkqDrk] vEcwfu fuihrkfu ufyukfu fu"ksforkfuA js jktgal! rL;
ljksojL; osQu ÑR;su Ñrksidkj% Hkfork vfl] onAA
3- gs ekykdkj! HkheHkkukS funk?ks vYiS% rks;S% vfi Hkork d#.k;k vL; rjks% ;k iqf"V%
O;jfpA okjke~ izko`"ks.;su fo'or% /kjklkjku~ vfi fofdjrk okfjnsu bg tuf;rqe~ lk (iqf"V%)
fde~ 'kD;kAA
4- irXk% ifjr% vEcjiFke~ vkisfnjs] Hk`Xk% jlkyeqoqQykfu lekJ;UrsA lj% Rof; lVkspe~
v×pfr] gUr nhunhu% ehu% uq dreka xfre~ vH;qiSrqAA
5- ,d ,o ekuh [kx% pkrd% ous olfrA ok fiikflr% fez;rs iqjUnje~ ;kprs okAA
6- riuks".krIre~ ioZroqQye~ vk'okL; míkenkofo/qjkf.k dkuukfu p (vk'okL;) ukukunhun'krkfu
iwjf;Rok p gs tyn! ;r~ fjDr% vfl ro lk ,o mÙkek Jh%AA
7- js js fe=k pkrd! lko/kueulk {k.ka Jw;rke~] xxus fg cgo% vEHkksnk% lfUr] losZ vfi
,rkn`'kk% u (lfUr) osQfpr~ /fj.kha o`f"VfHk% vkæZ;fUr] osQfpn~ o`Fkk xtZfUr] (Roe~) ;a
;a i';fl rL; rL; iqjr% nhua op% ek czwfgAA
vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[krμ
(d) ljl% 'kksHkk osQu Hkofr\
([k) pkrd% oaQ ;kprs\
(x) ehu% dnk nhuka xfra izkIuksfr\
(?k) dkfu iwjf;Rok tyn% fjDr% Hkofr\
(Ä) o`f"VfHk% olq/ka osQ vknzZ;fUr\
2- v/ksfyf[krokD;s"kq js[kkfÄrï inkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQjQrμ

(d) ekykdkj% rks;%S rjks% iqf"Va djksfrA
([k) Hk`Äõk% jlkyeqoqQykfu lekJ;UrsA
(x) irÄõk% vEcjiFke~ vkisfnjsA
(?k) tyn% ukukunhun'krkfu iwjf;Rok fjDrks¿fLrA
(Ä) pkrd% ous olfrA
(p) vEHkksnk% o`f"VfHk% olq/ka vknzZ;fUrA
3- mnkgj.keuql`R; lfU/a@lfU/foPNsna ok oqQ#r&

(i) ;Fkk & vU;$ mDr;% ¾ vU;ksDr;%
(d) ----------------- $ ----------------- ¾ fuihrkU;Ecwfu
([k) ----------------- $ midkj% ¾ o`Qrksidkj%
(x) riu $ ----------------- ¾ riuks".krIre~
(?k) ro $ mÙkek ¾ -----------------
(Ä) u $ ,rkn`'kk% ¾ -----------------
vU;ksDr;% 87
(ii) ;Fkk & fiikflr% $ vfi ¾ fiikflrks¿fi

(d) ----------------- $ ----------------- ¾ dks¿fi
([k) ----------------- $ ----------------- ¾ fjDrks¿fl
(x) ehu% $ v;e~ ¾ -----------------
(?k) ----------------- $ vknZz;fUr ¾ o`f"VfHkjknzZ;fUr
(iii) ;Fkk & ljl% $ Hkosr~ ¾ ljlksHkosr~
(d) [kx% $ ekuh ¾ -----------------
([k) ----------------- $ uq ¾ ehuks uq
(iv) ;Fkk & eqfu% $ vfi ¾ eqfujfi

(d) rks;S% $ vYiS% ¾ --------------------
([k) -------------------- $ vfi ¾ vYiSjfi
(x) rjks% $ vfi ¾ --------------------
4- mnkgj.keuql`R; v/ksfyf[krS% foxzginS% leLrinkfu jp;r&
foxzginkfu leLr inkfu
;Fkk & ihra p rr~ iVte~ ¾ ihriVte~
(d) jktk p vlkS gal% ¾ ------------------------------------
([k) Hkhe% p vlkS Hkkuq% ¾ ------------------------------------
(x) vEcje~ ,o iUFkk% ¾ ------------------------------------
(?k) mÙkek p b;e~ Jh% ¾ ------------------------------------
(Ä) lko/kua p rr~ eu%] rsu ¾ ------------------------------------
5- mnkgj.keuqlR` ; fuEufyf[krkfHk% /krqfHk% lg ;FkkfufnZ"Vku~ izR;;ku~ la;Tq ; 'kCnjpuka

oqQ#r&
/krq% DRok Drorq rO;r~ vuh;j~
(d) iB~ ifBRok ifBroku~ ifBrO;% iBuh;%
([k) xe~ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
(x) fy[k~ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------

(?k) Ñ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
(Ä) xzg~ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
(p) uh ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
6- ikBeuql`R; v/ksfyf[krkuka ewy'kCnkuka ;FkkfufnZ"Vs"kq foHkfDropus"kq :ikf.k fy[kr&

ewy'kCnk% foHkfDropus 'kCn:ikf.k
;Fkk & jktgal r`rh;Sdopus jktaglsu
(d) ,d (iq¡fYyX) r`rh;Sdopus ----------------------------
([k) r# "k"B~;Sdopus ----------------------------
(x) ou lIrE;Sdopus ----------------------------
(?k) iqjUnj f}rh;Sdopus ----------------------------
(Ä) d#.kk r`rh;Sdopus ----------------------------
(p) tyn lEcks/uSdopus ----------------------------
(N) ljl~ (lj%) "k"B~;Sdopus ----------------------------
7- v/ksfyf[kr;ks% 'yksd;ks% HkkokFk± fgUnhHkk"k;k vkaXyHkk"k;k ok fy[kr&

(d) vkisfnjs ----------------------- dreka xfreH;qiSfrA
([k) vk'okL; ----------------------- lSo roksRrek Jh%AA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
ikBifjp;%
vU;s"kka Ñrs ;k mDr;% dF;Urs rk mDr;% (vU;ksDr;%) v=k ikBs lVfyrk orZUrsA vfLeu~
ikBs "k"B'yksde~ lIre'yksde~ p vfrfjP; ;s 'yksdk% lfUr rs if.MrjkttxUukFkL;
^Hkkfeuhfoykl* bfr xhfrdkO;kr~ lVfyrk% lfUrA "k"B% 'yksd% egkdfo ek?kL; ^f'k'kqikyoèke~*
bfr egkdkO;kr~ x`ghr% vfLrA lIre% 'yksd% egkdfoHkrZ̀gjs% uhfr'krdkr~ mn~/`r% vfLrA
vU;ksDr;% 89
dfoifjp;%
if.MrjkttxUukFk% laLÑrlkfgR;L; ew/ZU;% ljl'p dfo% vklhr~A l% 'kkgtgk¡ ukeosQu
eqxy 'kklosQu LojktlHkk;ka lEekfur%A if.MrjkttxUukFkL; =k;ksn'k Ñr;% izkI;UrsA (1)
xXkygjh (2) ve`rygjh (3) lq/kygjh (4) y{ehygjh (5) d#.kkygjh (6) vkliQfoykl%
(7) izk.kkHkj.ke~ (8) txnkHkj.ke~ (9) ;equko.kZue~ (10) jlxXk/j% (11) Hkkfeuhfoykl%
(12) euksjekoqQpenZue~ (13) fp=kehekalk[k.Mue~A ,rs"kq xzUFks"kq ^Hkkfeuhfoykl%* bfr rL;
fofo/i|kuka lXz g%A
egkdfoek?k%& egkdfoek?kL; ,deso egkdkO;a izkI;rs ¶f'k'kqikyo/e~¸ bfrA
HkrZ̀gfj%& egkdfoHkrZ̀gjs% =khf.k 'krdkfu lfUr] uhfr'krde~] Ük`Xkj'krde~ oSjkX;'krda pA
v/ksnÙkk% fofo/fo"k;dk% 'yksdk% vfi iBuh;k% Lej.kh;k'p&
gal% & gal% 'osr% cd% 'osr% dks Hksnks cdgal;ks% A
uhj{khjfoHkkxs rq galks gal% cdks cd% AA
,deso i;kZIre~ & ,osQukfi lqiq=ks.k ¯lgh Lofifr fuHkZ;e~ A
lgSo n'kfHk% iq=kS% Hkkja ogfr jklHkh AA
fid% & dkd% Ñ".k% fid% Ñ".k% dks Hksn% fiddkd;ks% A
olUrle;s izkIrs dkd% dkd% fid% fid% AA
pkrd o.kZue~ & ;|fi lfUr cgwfu ljkafl]
Loknq'khry lqjfHk i;kafl A
pkrdiksrLrnfi p rkfu]
R;DRok ;kpfr tyntykfu AA
,dkn'k% ikB%
fofp=k% lk{kh
izLrqr ikB Jh vkseizdk'k BkoqQj }kjk jfpr dFkk dk lEikfnr va'k gSA ;g dFkk
caxyk osQ izfl¼ lkfgR;dkj cafdepUnz pVthZ }kjk U;k;k/h'k&:i esa fn;s x;s
iSQlys ij vk/kfjr gSA lR;klR; osQ fu.kZ; gsrq U;k;k/h'k dHkh&dHkh ,slh ;qfDr;ksa
dk iz;ksx djrs gSa ftlls lk{; osQ vHkko esa Hkh U;k; gks losQA bl dFkk esa Hkh
fo}ku~ U;k;k/h'k us ,slh gh ;qfDr dk iz;ksx dj U;k; djus esa liQyrk ikbZ gSA
d'pu fu/Zuks tu% Hkwfj ifjJE; fdf×pn~ foÙkeqikftZroku~A rsu Loiq=ka ,dfLeu~
egkfo|ky;s izo's ka nkif;rqa liQyks tkr%A rÙku;% r=kSo Nk=kkokls fuolu~ vè;;us
layXu% leHkwrA~ ,dnk l firk ruwtL; #X.krkekd.;Z O;koqQyks tkr% iq=ka nz"Vqa
p izfLFkr%A ijeFkZdk';suZs ihfMr% l cl;kua fogk; inkfrjso izkpyr~A
inkfrØes.k lapyu~ lk;a le;s¿I;lkS xUrO;kn~ nwjs vklhr~A fu'kkUèkdkjs
izlr` s fotus izn's ks in;k=kk u 'kqHkkogkA ,oa fopk;Z l ik'oZfLFkrs xzkes jkf=kfuokla
dÙkq± df×pn~ x`gLFkeqikxr%A d#.kkijks x`gh rLeS vkJ;a izk;PNr~A
fofp=kk nSoxfr%A rL;keso jk=kkS rfLeu~ x`gs d'pu pkSj% x`gkH;Urja izfo"V%A
r=k fufgrkesdka e×tw"kke~ vknk; iykf;r%A pkSjL; iknèofuuk izc¼ q ks¿frfFk%
pkSj'kÄï;k reUo/kor~ vx`g~.kkPp] ija fofp=ke?kVrA pkSj% ,o mPpS%
Øksf'krqekjHkr ^^pkSjks¿;a pkSjks¿;e~** bfrA rL; rkjLojs.k izc¼ q k% xzkeokflu%
Lox`gkn~ fu"ØE; r=kkxPNu~ ojkdefrfFkeso p pkSja eRok¿HkRlZ;u~A ;|fi xzkeL;
vkj{kh ,o pkSj vklhr~A rR{k.keso j{kkiq#"k% re~ vfrfFka pkSjks¿;e~ bfr iz[;kI;
dkjkx`gs izkf{kir~A
fofp=k% lk{kh 91
vfxzes fnus l vkj{kh pkS;kZfHk;ksxs ra U;k;ky;a uhroku~A U;k;k/h'kks

cafdepUnz% mHkkH;ka i`Fko~Q&i`Fko~Q fooj.ka Jqroku~A lo± o`ÙkeoxR; l ra funks"Z ke~
veU;r vkjf{k.ka p nks"kHkktue~A fdUrq izek.kkHkkokr~ l fu.ksrZ aq uk'kDuksrA~ rrks¿lkS
rkS vfxzes fnus miLFkkrqe~ vkfn"Voku~A vU;s|%q rkS U;k;ky;s Lo&Lo&i{ka iqu%
LFkkfiroUrkSA rnSo df'pn~ r=kR;% deZpkjh lekxR; U;osn;r~ ;r~ br%
Øks'k};kUrjkys df'pTtu% osQukfi gr%A rL; e`r'kjhja jktekx± fud"kk orZrAs
vkfn';rka ¯d dj.kh;fefrA U;k;k/h'k% vkjf{k.ke~ vfHk;qDra p ra 'koa U;k;ky;s
vkusreq kfn"Voku~A
vkns'ka izkI; mHkkS izkpyrke~A r=kksiRs ; dk"BiVys fufgra iVkPNkfnra nsga
LdUèksu ogUrkS U;k;kf/dj.ka izfr izfLFkrkSA vkj{kh lqi"q Vnsg vklhr~] vfHk;qDr'p
vrho Ñ'kdk;%A Hkkjor% 'koL; LdUèksu ogua rRÑrs nq"dje~ vklhr~A l
Hkkjosnu;k ØUnfr LeA rL; ØUnua fu'kE; eqfnr vkj{kh reqokp&^js nq"V!
rfLeu~ fnus Ro;k¿ga pksfjrk;k e×tw"kk;k xzg.kkn~ okfjr%A bnkuha futÑR;L;
iQya HkqÄ{~ oA vfLeu~ pkS;kZfHk;ksxs Roa o"kZ=k;L; dkjkn.Ma yIL;ls** bfr izkPs ;
mPpS% vglr~A ;FkkdFkf×pn~ mHkkS 'koekuh; ,dfLeu~ pRojs LFkkfiroUrkSA
U;k;k/h'ksu iquLrkS ?kVuk;k% fo"k;s oDrqekfn"VkSA vkjf{kf.k futi{ka izLrqrofr
vk'p;Ze?kVr~ l 'ko% izkokjdeilk;Z U;k;k/h'kefHkok| fuosfnroku~& ekU;oj!

,rsu vkjf{k.kk vèofu ;nqDra rn~ o.kZ;kfe ^Ro;k¿ga pksfjrk;k% e×tw"kk;k%
xzg.kkn~ okfjr%] vr% futÑR;L; iQya HkqÄ{~ oA vfLeu~ pkS;kZfHk;ksxs Roa o"kZ=k;L;
dkjkn.Ma yIL;ls* bfrA
U;k;k/h'k% vkjf{k.ks dkjkn.Mekfn'; ra tua llEekua eqDroku~A
vr,oksP;rs & nq"djk.;fi dekZf.k efroSHko'kkfyu%A
uh¯r ;qfDra lekyEC; yhy;So izoQq oZrAs A
'kCnkFkkZ%
Hkwfj & i;kZIre~ & vR;f/d

mikftZroku~ & vftZroku~ & dek;k
fuolu~ & okla oqQoZu~ & jgrs gq,
izl`rs & foLr`rs & iSQyus ij
fotus izns'ks & ,dkUrizns'ks & ,dkUr izns'k esa
'kqHkkogk & dY;k.kiznk & dY;k.kdkjh
x`gh & x`gLokeh & x`gLFk
nSoxfr% & HkkX;fLFkfr% & HkkX; dh yhyk
iykf;r% & osxsu fuxZr%@iyk;uedjksr~ & Hkkx x;k] pyk x;k
izcq¼% & tkx`r% & tkxk gqvk
Rofjre~ & 'kh?kze~ & 'kh?kzxkeh
izfLFkr% & xr% & pyk x;k
vFkZdk';sZu & /uL; vHkkosu & /ukHkko osQ dkj.k
inkfrjso & iknkH;ke~ ,o & iSny gh
iqal% & iq#"kL; & euq"; dk
fufgrke~ & LFkkfirke~ & j[kh gqbZ
vUo/kor~ & vUoxPNr~ & ihNs&ihNs x;k
Øksf'krqe~ & phRdrqZe~ & tksj tksj ls dgus@fpYykus
fofp=k% lk{kh 93
rkjLojs.k & mPPkLojs.k & Å¡ph vkokt esa

vHkRlZ;u~ & HkRlZuke~ voqQoZu~ & Hkyk&cqjk dgk
iz[;kI; & LFkkI; & LFkkfir djosQ
pkS;kZfHk;ksxs & pkSjdeZf.k pkS;nZ ks"kkjksis & pksjh osQ vkjksi esa
uhroku~ & vu;r~ & ys x;k
voxR; & KkRok & tkudj
nks"kHkktue~ & nks"kik=ke~ & nks"kh
miLFkkrqe~ & miLFkkif;rqe~ & mifLFkr gksus osQ fy,
vkjf{k.ke~ & lSfude~ (j{kd iq#"k) & lSfud
vkfn"Voku~ & vkKka nÙkoku~ & vkKk nh
LFkkfiroUrkS & LFkkiuka ÑroUrkS & LFkkiuk djosQ
r=kR;% & r=k Hko% & ogk¡ dk
U;osn;r~ & izkFkZ;r~ & izkFkZuk dh
Øks'k};kUrjkys & };ks% Øks'k;ks% eè;s & nks dksl osQ eè;
vkfn';rke~ & vkns'ka nh;rke~ & vkKk nhft,
misR; & lehia xRok & ikl tkdj
dk"BiVys & dk"BL; iVys & ydM+h osQ r[rs ij
fufgre~ & LFkkfire~ & j[kk x;k
iVkPNkfnre~ & oL=ks.kko`re~ & diM+s ls <dk gqvk
ogUrkS & /kj;UrkS & /kj.k djrs gq,] ogu djrs gq,
Ñ'kdk;% & nqcZya 'kjhje~ & detksj 'kjhjokyk
Hkkjor% & Hkkjokfgu% & Hkkjokgh
Hkkjosnu;k & HkkjihM;k & Hkkj dh ihM+k ls
ØUnue~ & jksnue~ & jksus dks
fu'kE; & JqRok & lqu djosQ

eqfnr% & izlÂ% & izlÂ
HkqÄ~{o & vuqHkorq & vuqHko djks
pRojs & prqekZx@Zs prqLFks & pkSjkgs ij
yIL;ls & izkIL;ls & izkIr djksxs
izkokjde~ & mÙkjh;oL=ke~ & ycknk
vilk;Z & viok;Z & nwj djosQ
vfHkok| & vfHkoknua ÑRok & vfHkoknu djosQ
vèofu & ekxsZ & jkLrs esa
;nqDre~ & ;r~ dfFkre~ & tks dgk x;k
okfjr% & fuokfjr% & jksdk x;k
eqDroku~ & vR;tr~ & NksM+ fn;k
lekyEC; & vkJ;a x`ghRok & lgkjk ysdj
yhy;So & dkSrqosQu (lqxer;k) & [ksy&[ksy esa
vkfn'; & vkns'ka nRok & vkns'k nsdj
vH;kl%

(d) fu/Zu% tu% dFka foÙke~ mikftZroku~\
([k) tu% fdeFk± inkfr% xPNfr\
(x) izl`rs fu'kkUèkdkjs l fde~ vfpUr;r~\
(?k) oLrqr% pkSj% d% vklhr~\
(Ä) tuL; ØUnua fu'kE; vkj{kh fdeqDroku~\
(p) efroSHko'kkfyu% nq"djkf.k dk;kZf.k dFka lkèk;fUr\
fofp=k% lk{kh 95
2- js[kkfÄïrinekèk`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) iq=ka nzq"Vqa l% izfLFkr%A
([k) d#.kkijks x`gh rLeS vkJ;a izk;PNr~A
(x) pkSjL; iknèofuuk vfrfFk% izcq¼%A
(?k) U;k;k/h'k% cafdepUnz% vklhr~A
(Ä) l Hkkjosnu;k ØUnfr LeA
(p) mHkkS 'koa pRojs LFkkfiroUrkSA
3- l¯U/@lfU/foPNsna p oqQ#r&
(d) inkfrjso & ---------------------- $ ----------------------
([k) fu'kkU/dkjs & ---------------------- $ ----------------------
(x) vfHk $ vkxre~ & ------------------------------------------------
(?k) Hkkstu $ vUrs & ------------------------------------------------
(Ä) pkSjks¿;e~ & ---------------------- $ ----------------------
(p) x`g $ vH;Urjs & ------------------------------------------------
(N) yhy;So & ---------------------- $ ----------------------
(t) ;nqDre~ & ---------------------- $ ----------------------
(>) izcq¼% $ vfrfFk% & ------------------------------------------------
4- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu fHkUu&fHkÂizR;;kUrkfu lfUrA rkfu i`Fko~Q ÑRok fufnZ"Vkuka

izR;;kuke/% fy[kr&
ifjJE;] mikftZroku~] nkif;rqe]~ izfLFkr%] nz"Vqe]~ fogk;] i`"Voku~] izfo"V%] vknk;] Øksf'krqe]~
fu;qDr%] uhroku~] fu.ksZrqe~] vkfn"Voku~] lekxR;] fu'kE;] izksP;] vilk;ZA
Y;i~ Dr Drorq rqequ~
----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
5- fHkÂizÑfroaQ ina fpuqr&

(d) fofp=kk] 'kqHkkogk] 'kÄï;k] e×tw"kk
([k) d'pu] fdf×pr~] Rofjra] ;nqDre~
(x) iq=k%] ru;%] O;koqQy] ruwt%
(?k) d#.kkij%] vfrfFkijk;.k%] izcq¼%] tu%
6- (d) ^fud"kk* îzfr* bR;u;ks% 'kCn;ks% ;ksxs f}rh;k&foHkfDr% HkofrA mnkgj.keuqlR` ;

f}rh;k&foHkDrs% iz;ksxa ÑRok fjDrLFkkuiwfr± oqQ#r&
;Fkk& jktekx± fud"kk e`r'kjhja orZrsA
(d) ----------------- fud"kk unh ogfr (xzke)A
([k) ----------------- fud"kk vkS"k/ky;aa orZrsA (uxj)
(x) rkS ----------------- izfr izfLFkrkSA (U;k;kf/dkfju~)
(?k) eksgu% ----------------- izfr xPNfrA (x`g)
([k) dks"BosQ"kq nÙks"kq ins"kq ;FkkfufnZ"Vka foHkfDra iz;qT; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) l% ----------------- fu"ØE; cfgjxPNr~A (x`g 'kCns iapeh)
([k) pkSj'akd;k vfrfFk% ----------------- vUo/kor~A (pkSj'kCns f}rh;k)
(x) x`gLFk% ----------------- vkJ;a izk;PNr~A (vfrfFk 'kCns prqFkhZ)
(?k) rkS ----------------- izfr izfLFkrkSA (U;k;k/h'k 'kCns f}rh;k)
7- vèkksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu cgqopus ifjorZ;r&

(d) l cl;kua fogk; inkfrjso xUrqa fu'p;a Ñroku~A
([k) pkSj% xzkes fu;qDr% jktiq#"k% vklhr~A
(x) d'pu pkSj% x`gkH;Urja izfo"V%A
(?k) vU;s|q% rkS U;k;ky;s Lo&Lo&i{ka LFkkfiroUrkSA
fofp=k% lk{kh 97
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) fofp=k% lk{kh
U;k;ks Hkofr izek.kk/hu%A izek.ka fouk U;k;a drq± u dks¿fi {ke% loZ=kA U;k;ky;s¿fi
U;k;k/h'kk% ;fLeu~ dfLeÂfi fo"k;s izek.kkHkkos u leFkkZ% HkofUrA vr,o]
vfLeu~ ikBs pkS;kZfHk;ksxs U;k;k/h'k% izFker% lk{;a (izek.ke~) fouk fu.ksrZ aq uk'kDuksrA~
vijs|%q ;nk l 'ko% U;k;k/h'ka lo± fuosfnroku~ lizek.ka rnk l% vkjf{k.ks
dkjkn.Mekfn'; ra tua llEekua eqDroku~A vL; ikBL; v;eso lUns'k%A
([k) efroSHko'kkfyu%
cqf¼lEifÙk lEiÂk%A ;s fo}kal% cqf¼Lo:ifoHko;qDrk% rs efroSHko'kkfyu% HkofUrA
rs ,o cqf¼pkrq;cZ ysu vlEHkodk;kZf.k vfi ljyr;k oqQoZfUrA
(x) l 'ko%
U;k;k/h'k cafdepUnzegksn;S% v=k izek.kL; vHkkos fdefi izPNÂ% tu% lk{;a
izkIrqa fu;qDr% tkr%A ;n~ ?kfVreklhr~ l% lo± lR;a KkRok lk{;a izLrqroku~A
ikBs¿fLeu~ 'ko% ,o ^fofp=k% lk{kh* L;kr~A
Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%
mikftZroku~ & mi $ √ vt~Z $ Y;qV~] ;qp~ ok
nkif;rqe~ & √nk $ f.kp~ $ rqequ~
vnl~ (;g) iq¡fYyX loZuke 'kCn

izFkek vlkS vew veh
f}rh;k veqe~ vew vewu~
r`rh;k vequk vewH;ke~ vehfHk%

prqFkhZ veq"eS vewH;ke~ vehH;%
iapeh veq"ekr~ vewH;ke~ vehH;%
"k"Bh veq"; veq;ks% veh"kke~
lIreh veqf"eu~ veq;ks% veh"kq
vèou~ (ekxZ) udkjkUr iq¡fYyÄõ
izFkek vèok vèokukS vèoku%
f}rh;k vèokue~ vèokukS vèou%
r`rh;k vèouk vèoH;ke~ vèofHk%
prqFkhZ vèous vèoH;ke~ vèoH;%
iapeh vèou% vèoH;ke~ vèoH;%
"k"Bh vèou% vèouks% vèouke~
lIreh vèofu vèouks% vèolq
lEcks/u gs vèou~! gs vèokukS! gs vèou%!
}kn'k% ikB%
thoua foHkoa fouk

izLrqr ikB tuthou ls lEc¼ dqN jkspd ,oa ekfeZd i|ksa dk ladyu gSA buesa
tulkekU; fo'ks"kr% nfjnz yksxksa dh ihM+k ls nzohHkwr dfo;ksa osQ mn~xkj gSAa bu
'yksdksa esa nfjnzrk dk vR;Ur eeZLi'khZ fp=k.k fd;k x;k gSA
lDrwu~ 'kkspfr lEIyqrku~ izfrdjksR;kozQUnrks ckydku~
izR;qfRl×pfr diZj.s k lfyya 'kÕ;kr`.ka j{kfrA
nRok ew/fZ u 'kh.kZ'kwi'Z kdya th.ksZ x`gs O;koqQyk
¯d rn~ ;Â djksfr nq%[kx`fg.kh nsos Hk`'ka o"kZfr AA1AA
v|k'kua f'k'kqtuL; cysu tkra

'oks ok dFka uq Hkforsfr fofpUr;UrhA
bR;Jqikrefyuho`Qrx.Mns'kk
uSPNn~ nfjnzxf` g.kh jtuhfojkee~ AA2AA
izk;ks nfjnzf'k'ko% ijefUnjk.kka

}kjs"kq nÙkdjiYyoyhunsgk%A
yTTkkfuxw<oplks cr HkksDrqdkek
HkksDRkkje/Zu;usu foyksd;fUr AA3AA
dUFkk[k.Mfena iz;PN ;fn ok LokÄsï x`gk.kkHkZoQa ]

fjDra Hkwrye=k ukFk Hkor% i`"Bs iykyksPp;%A
nEiR;ksfuZf'ktYirksfjfrop% JqRoSo pkSjLrnk
yC/a diZVeU;rLrnqifj f{kIRok #nfUuxZr% AA4AA
glfr glfr LokfeU;qPpS #nR;fi jksfnfr
o`Qrifjdj% Losnksnx~ kja iz/kofr /kofrA
xq.kleqfnra nks"kksis rs a izfuUnfr fuUnfr
/uyoifjØhrks Hk`R;% izuR` ;fr u`R;fr AA5AA
jk=kkS tkuqfnZok Hkkuq% o`Q'kkuq% lUè;;ks};
Z ks%
bRFka 'khra e;k uhra tkuqHkkuqoQ` 'kkuqfHk% AA 6AA
thoua foHkoa fouk 101
'kCnkFkkZ%
lDrwu~ & HkwftZrL; p.kdL; pw.kZe~ & lÙkw dks

'kkspfr & fpUr;fr & fpark djrh gS
lEIyqrku~ & vknzkZu~ & Hkhxs gq, dks
vkozQUnrks & ozQUnua oqQoZr~ & jksrs gq, dks
izfrdjksfr & 'kkE;fr & pqi djkrh gS
diZjs.k & HkXu ikËs.k & VwVs crZu ds VqdM+s ls
izR;qfRl×pfr & 'kks"k;fr & lq[kkrh gS@myhp jgh gS
lfyye~ & tye~ & ty dks
'kÕ;kr`.ke~ & r`.kS% fufeZrka 'kÕ;ke~ & iqvky dk cuk fcLrj
ew/Zfu & f'kjfl & flj ij
'kh.kZ'kwiZ'kdye~ & th.kZ'kwiZ[k.Me~ & VwVs&iwQVs lwi ds VqdM+s dks
th.ksZ & izkphus & iqjkus
Hk`'ka & vR;Ure~ & vR;f/oQ
v'kue~ & Hkkstue~ & Hkkstu
efyuho`Qrx.Mns'kk & efyudiksyizns'kk% & ftlds xky efyu gks x,
gSaA
jtuhfojkee~ & jk=;k% vUrs & jkf=k dh lekfIr
ijefUnjk.kke~ & ijHkoukuke~ & nwljksa ds ?kjksa dk
nÙkdjiYyuyhunsgk% & fufgrdjfdly;xksfirdk;k% & gFksyh ls eq[k fNik, gq,
yTtkfuxw<opl% & yTtkfoo`r'kCnk% & yTtko'k ftlds opu ugha
fudy jgs
vèkZu;usu & v/Zfuehfyrus=ks.k & v/eq¡nh vk¡[kksa ls
HkksDrkje~ & Hkkstua oqQokZ.ka & Hkkstu djus okyksa dks
foyksd;fUr & i';fUr & ns[krs gSa
dUFkk & th.kZoLËs.k fufeZra vkLrj.ke~ & dFkjh

iz;PN & nsfg & nks
LokMïs & LoozQksMs & viuh xksn esa
vHkZde~ & ckye~ & cPps dks
Hkwrye~ & Hkwferye~ & /jrh
iykyksPp;% & iykylaxzg% & iqvky dk <sj
nEiR;ks% & ifr&iRU;ks% & ifr&iRuh dh
fuf'k & jk=kkS & jkr esa
tYirks% & xYirks% & ckr djrs gq, (nks dks)
diZVe~ & th.kZoL=ke~ & pknj] th.kZ'kh.kZ diM+k
fuxZr% & cfgxZr% & fudy x;k
ifjdj% & dfVHkkxe~ & dej
Losnksn~xkje~ & LosnL; JefoUnks% mn~xkje~ & ilhus dk fudyuk
nks"kksisre~ & nks"klfgre~@fuxZeue~ & nks"keqDr
/uyoifjØhr% & vYi/usuozQhr% & FkksM+s /u ls [kjhnk gqvk
Hk`R;% & ifjpkjd% & ukSdj
tkuq% & 'kjhjko;ofo'ks"k% & ?kqVuk
Hkkuq% & jfo% & lw;Z
o`Q'kkuq% & ikod% & vfXu
vUo;k%
1- nsos Hk`'ka o"kZfr (lfr) th.ksZ x`gs O;koqQyk nq%[kx`fg.kh 'kh.kZ'kwiZ'kdya ew/Zfu nRok rr~
¯d ;r~ u djksfrμ
lEIyqrku~ lDrwu~ 'kkspfr vkozQUnRk% ckydku~ izfrdjksfr diZjs.k lfyya izR;qfRl×pfr
'kÕ;kr`.ka (p) j{kfrA
2- v| cysu f'k'kqtuL; v'kua tkre~ 'o% dFka ok uq Hkfork bfr fofpUr;Urh
vJqikrefyuho`Qrx.Mns'kk nfjnzx`fg.kh jtuhfojkea u ,sPNr~A
3- cr~ izk;% ijefUnjk.kka }kjs"kq nÙkdjiYyoyhunsgk% yTtkfuxw<opl% HkksDrqdkek nfjnzf'k'ko%

HkksDrkje~ v/Zu;usu foyksd;fUrA
4- gs ukFk! bna dUFkk[kMa iz;PN] ;fn ok LokVs (LoL; ozQksaMs) vHkZda (f'k'kqa) x`gk.k] v=k
Hkwrya fjDra Hkor% i`"Bs iykyksPp;%A fuf'k tYirks% nEiR;ks% bfr op% JqRok ,o rnk
vU;r% yC/a diZVe~ rnqifj f{kIRok #nu~ pkSj% fuxZr%A
5- /uyoifjozQhr% Hk`R;% Lokfefu glfr glfr (Lokfefu)] #nfr mPpS% jksfnfr] /kofr
o`Qrifjdj% Losnksn~xkja iz/kofr xq.kleqfnra nks"kksisra (ok) fuUnfr izfuUnfr] u`R;fr
izu`R;frA
6- jk=kkS tkuq% fnok Hkkuq% };ks% LkUè;;ks% (izkr% lk;×p) o`Q'kkuq% μ bRFka tkuq Hkkuqo`Q'kkuqfHk%
e;k 'khra uhre~A
fgUnh vFkZ
1- bUnz nso osQ vR;f/d o"kkZ djus ij ijs'kku x`fg.kh VwVs lwi osQ VwdM+s dks flj ij ysdj
D;k ,slk gS tks ugha djrhA (fodyrko'k lcdqN djrh gS)μHkhxs gq, lÙkw dh fpark
djrh gS] jksrs gq, cPpksa dks pqi djkrh gS] VwVs crZu osQ VqdM+s ls ikuh myhpdj ckgj
isaQdrh gS] r`.k ds cus fcLrj (iqvky osQ fcLrj) dh j{kk djrh gSA
2- vkt rks iz;RuiwoZd cPpksa dk Hkkstu gks x;k] dy fdl izdkj mudk Hkkstu gks ik,xk]
;g lksprh gqbZ] jksus ls ftlosQ xky efyu gks x, gSa ,slh xjhc dh iRuh ugha pkgrh
gS fd jkr chrsA
3- izk;% nwljksa osQ ?kjksa osQ njokts ij nksuksa gkFk j[kdj ftlosQ dkj.k mudk 'kjhj fNi
x;k gS vkSj opu yTtko'k fuxw<+ gks x, gSa (fNi x, gSa)] vkokt ugha fudy ikrhA
[ksn gS Hkkstu dh bPNk j[kus okys xjhcksa osQ ,sls cPps ([kkus okyksa dks) v/[kqyh
vk¡[kksa ls vFkkZr~ VdVdh yxk dj ns[k jgs gSaA
4- eq>s ;g dUFkk[kaM (dFkjh dk VqdM+k) ns nks ;k viuh xksn esa (esjs) cPps dks ys yks
(D;kssafd) ;gk¡ /jrh [kkyh gS (tehu ij fcLrj ugha gS) rqEgkjh ihB osQ uhps iqvky
dk <sj gSμbl izdkj jkf=k esa ifr&iRuh dh ckrphr lqudj nwljs (?kj) ls izkIr pknj
dks mlds mQij isaQddj jksrk gqvk pksj fudy x;kA
5- vR;Yi /u ls [kjhns gq, ukSdj ekfyd ds g¡lus ij g¡lrs gSa] jksus ij tksj ls jksrs gSa]
Lokeh osQ nkSM+us ij tksj ls dej ij gkFk j[k dj ilhuk fudkyrs gq, nkSM+rs gSa]
xq.koku~ gks ;k nks"kjfgr (Lokeh osQ) fuUnk djus ij vf/d fuUnk djrs gSa] (muosQ)
ukpus ij tksj ls ukprs gSaA
6- esjs }kjk jkr ?kqVuksa osQ lgkjs] fnu lw;Z (dh xehZ) osQ lgkjs nksuksa lUè;k;sa vfXu osQ
lgkjs fcrkbZ xbZA bl izdkj ?kqVus] lw;Z vkSj vfXu osQ lgkjs tkM+s ds fnu fcrk,A
vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLo`QrHkk"k;k fy[krμ

(d) nfjnzx`fg.kh jtuhfojkea fdeFk± usPNfr\
([k) ijefUnjk.kka }kjs"kq osQ foyksd;fUr\
(x) pkSj% ¯d JqRok #nfUuxZr%\
(?k) Lokfefu glfr d% glfr\
(Ä) nsos Hk`'ka o"kZfr lfr nq[k%x`fg.kh ¯d djksfr\
2- js[kkfÄrï inek/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#rμ

(d) Hk`R;% Lokfefu jksfnfr jksfnfrA
([k) f'k'kqtuL; v| v'kua tkre~A
(x) f'k'ko% v/Zu;usu foyksd;fUrA
(?k) ekrk vkozQUnr% ckydku~ izfrdjksfrA
(Ä) pkSj% diZVe~ f{kIRok fuxZr%A
3- laf/a@foPNsna ok oqQ#rμ
(d) ;Â -------------------- $ -------------------- A
([k) usPNr~ -------------------- $ -------------------- A
(x) -------------------- & Lo $ vÄAïs

(?k) -------------------- & JqRok $ ,oA
(Ä) nks"kksisre~ & -------------------- $ -------------------- A
4- vusds"kka 'kCnkuka o`Qrs leqfpre~ ,dina (lEkLrina) fy[krμ

(d) /uyosu ifjdhr% μ --------------------
([k) yTt;k fuxw<+k% opkafl ;s"kke~ rs"kke~ μ --------------------
(x) vJqikrsu efyuho`Qr% x.Mns'k% ;L;k% lk μ --------------------
(?k) o`Qr% ifjdj%;su l% μ --------------------
5- ikBek/`R; v/ksfyf[krkUo;s fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

/uyoifjozQhr% Hk`R;% Lokfefu -------------- glfr (Lokfefu) jksfnfr -------------- èkkofr
-------------- Losnksn~xkja iz/kofr xq.kleqfnra nks"kksisra ok fuUnfr -------------- u`R;fr --------------A
6- v/ksfyf[krku~ inku~ iz;qT; laLo`Qrsu okD;jpuka oqQ#rμ

(d) f'k'ko% --------------------
([k) Hkkuq% --------------------
(x) lfyye~ --------------------
(?k) jtuh --------------------
(Ä) x`fg.kh --------------------
7- ewy/krqa iq#"ka opua p fy[krμ

/krq iq#"k opu
(d) 'kkspfr ------- ------- -------
([k) o"kZfr ------- ------- -------
(x) jksfnfr ------- ------- -------
(?k) /kofr ------- ------- -------
(Ä) u`R;fr ------- ------- -------
ifj;kstukdk;Ze~
1- nkfjnz;a ihMknk;oaQ Hkofr bfr eRok nkfjnz~;fuokj.kk; iz;Ru% dÙkZO;% nkfjnz;e~ fuUnuh;e~
ok\μLofopkjku~ LoHkk"k;k fy[krA
2- Roa dL;kfi fu/ZuNk=kL; lgk;rka dFka dfj";fl&LoHkk"k;k fy[krA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
laLo`Qr lkfgR; dh fodkl ;k=kk esa osn ls ysdj v|kof/ ,d lfozQ; dkO;ijaijk py jgh gS]
ftls ge yksd/ehZ dkO; dgrs gSaA ;g dkO; ijaijk jktlHkk dh ladjh nqfu;k ds ckgj Hkkjrh;
turk osQ fojkV lalkj ls mith FkhA dqN vuke vkSj vutkus dfo njckj dh foykflrk vkSj
pkdfpD; dkfeuh dk lkSan;Zfoykl ;k HkfDr dh 'kkUr lfjrk esa voxkgu ls vyx gVdj
lkekU; tu&thou esa vkus okyh leL;k,¡] muls tw>rs yksxksa dh nqjoLFkkvksa dk ;FkkFkZ o.kZu djrs
jgs gSa vkSj muds ekè;e ls rRdkyhu lkekftd vkSj lkaLo`Qfrd fLFkfr;ksa dk ;FkkrF; fp=k.k djrs
jgs gSaA bl rjg ds dqN 'yksd ifBrO; gSaμ
1- dnkfpr~ d"Vsu nzfo.ke/ekjk/uo'kk &

Ue;k yC/a Lrks oaQ fufgreoukS rLdjo'kkr~
rrks fuR;s df'pn~n/nfi rnk[kqfcZyx`gs
u;YyC/ks¿I;FkksZ u Hkofr ;nk deZfo"kee~ AA
2- ,rs nfjnzf'k'koLruqth.kZdUFkka
LdU/s fuèkk; efyuka iqydkoqQyk
lw;ZLiqQjr~djdnfEcrfHkfÙkns'k
ykHkk; 'khrle;s dfyekpjfUr A
3- yXu% 'k`Äõ;qxs x`gh lru;ks o`ènkS xq:ik'oZ;ks% A

iqPNkxzs x`fg.kh [kqjs"kq f'k'koks yXu% o/w% dEcys A
,d% 'kh.kZtjn~xoks fof/o'kkr~ loZLoHkwrks x`gs
loSZjso oqQVqEcosQu #nrk lqIr% leqRFkkI;rs AA
4- lq[ka fg nq%[kkÂuqHkw;'kksHkrs
?kukU/dkjsf"oo nhin'kZue~
lq[kkRrq ;ks ;kfr ujks nfjnzrka
/`r% 'kjhjs.k e`r% l thofrAA
è;krO; μ egkdfo 'kwnzd o`Qr izfl¼ lkekftd izdj.k ê`PNdfVde~* Nk=kksa dks vo'; i<+uk
pkfg, ftlesa nkfjnz~; osQ lgt fp=k.k osQ vfrfjDr lekftd ifjfLFkfr;ksa@folaxfr;ksa dk ;FkkFkZ
fp=k.k gSA
rRle&rn~Hko 'kCn
rRle rn~Hko
dUFkk dFkjh
vJq vk¡lw
x.M xky
yTtk ykt
iyky iqvky
pkSj% pksj
fo"k;kuqozQef.kdk
i`"BkÄïk%
iqjksoko~Q iii
Hkwfedk vii
eÄõye~ 1
izFke% ikB% oqQ'kyiz'kklue~ 3
f}rh;% ikB% lkSo.kksZ uoqQy% 9
r`rh;% ikB% lwfDrlq/k 15
prqFkZ% ikB% Írqp;kZ 20
i×pe% ikB% ohj% loZneu% 26
"k"B% ikB% 'kqd'kkodksnUr% 32
lIre% ikB% HkO;% lR;kxzgkJe% 39
v"Ve% ikB% lÄõhrkuqjkxh lqCc..k% 45
uoe% ikB% oL=kfoozQ;% 51
n'ke% ikB% ;n~Hkwrfgra rRlR;e~ 57
ifjf'k"V 64
izFke% ikB%
oqQ'kyiz'kklue~
izLrqr va'k okYehfdjkek;.k osQ v;ksè;kdk.M osQ lkSosa lxZ ls ladfyr
gSA Hkxoku~ Jhjke fp=kowQV esa ouokl dj jgs gSaA Hkzkr`fojg ls ihfM+r
Hkjr Jhjke ls feyus vk, gSaA Jhjke Hkjr ls feyus osQ ckn muls
oqQ'ky&iz'u djrs gSaA bl izdj.k esa Hkjr jke ls jkT;O;oLFkk lapkyu
lacaèkh ,sls vusd iz'u djrs gSa ftuls jktuhfr foKku ij egRoiw.kZ
izdk'k iM+rk gSA
Jhjke us Hkjr ls iz'u fd;k gS fd D;k mUgksaus efU=k;ksa dh
fu;qfDr 'kkL=kksDr vis{kkvksa osQ vuq:i dh gS\ D;k os eU=k.kk 'kkL=kfof/
ls djrs gSa\ D;k mudk osru Hkqxrku le; ls fd;k tkrk gS\ ;g
ikB~;ka'k iz'kklfud O;oLFkk dh n`f"V ls vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gSA bUgha
fcanqvksa ij izLrqr ikB~;ka'k esa fo'kn foospu fd;k x;k gSA
tfVya phjolua izk×tfya ifrra HkqfoA

nn'kZ jkeks nqnZ'k± ;qxkUrs HkkLdja ;FkkAA1AA
dFkf×pnfHkfoKk; foo.kZonua Ñ'ke~A
Hkzkrja Hkjra jke% ifjtxzkg ikf.kukAA2AA
vk?kzk; jkeLra ew£èu ifj"oT; p jk?koe~A
vÄ~osQ HkjrekjksI; i;Zi`PNr lknje~AA3AA
dfPpnkRelek% 'kwjk% JqroUrks ftrsfUnz;k%A
oqQyhuk'psfÄ~xrKk'p ÑrkLrs rkr efU=k.k%AA4AA
eU=kks fot;ewya fg jkKka Hkofr jk?ko!A
lqlao`rks efU=k/qjSjekR;S% 'kkL=kdksfonS%AA5AA
4 HkkLorh
dfPpfÂnzko'ka uSf"k dfPpRdkys¿ocqè;lsA

dfPpPpkijjk=ks"kq fpUr;L;FkZuSiq.ke~AA6AA
dfPpUeU=k;ls uSd% dfPpUu cgqfHk% lgA
dfPpÙks efU=krks eU=kks jk"Vªa u ifj/kofrAA7AA
dfPpnFk± fofuf'pR; y?kqewya egksn;e~A
f{kizekjHkls deZ u nh?kZ;fl jk?ko!AA8AA
dfPpRlgÏkUew[kkZ.kkesdfePNfl if.Mre~A
if.Mrks áFkZÑPNsª"kq oqQ;kZfUu%Js;la egr~AA9AA
,dks¿I;ekR;ks es/koh 'kwjks n{kks fop{k.k%A
jktkua jktiq=ka ok izki;sUegrha fJ;e~AA10AA
dfPpUeq[;k egRLoso eè;es"kq p eè;ek%A
t?kU;k'p t?kU;s"kq Hk`R;kLrs rkr ;ksftrk%AA11AA
vekR;kuqi/krhrkfUirìSrkegk×Nqphu~A
Js"Bk×Nªs"Bs"kq dfPpÙoa fu;kst;fl deZlqAA12AA
dfPp¼`"V'p 'kwj'p /`frekUefrek×Nqfp%A
oqQyhu'pkuqjÙkQ'p n{k% lsukifr% Ñr%AA13AA
dfPpn~cyL; HkÙkaQ p osrua p ;Fkksfpre~A
lEizkIrdkya nkrO;a nnkfl u foyEclsAA14AA
dkykfrØe.kkPpSo HkÙkQosru;ksHk`Zrk%A
HkrqZjI;froqQI;fUr lks¿uFkZ% lqegkULe`r%AA15AA
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
tfVye~ & tVk% lfUr ;L; l% re~] tVk $ byp~] tVk /kj.k fd;s gq,A
phjolue~ & phja olua ;L; l% re~] isM+ osQ Nky osQ cus oL=k igus gq,A
izk×tfye~ & ueLdkj djus okysA
nn'kZ & n`'k~ $ fyV~ ydkj] izú iqú ,ú oú] ns[kkA
oqQ'kyiz'kklue~ 5
nqnZ'kZe~ & nz"Vqe~ v'kD;e~] nq%[kiwoZd ns[kk tkus ;ksX;A

vfHkfoKk; & vfHk $ fo milxZ Kk /krq $ DRok > Y;i~] igpkudjA
foo.kZonue~ & foo.k± onua ;L; l% re~] iQhosQeq[k okykA
ifjtxzkg & ifj $ xzg~ $ fyV~] izú iqú ,ú oú] xzg.k fd;kA
ifj"oT; & ifj $ "oLt~ $ DRok > Y;i~] vkfyÄõu djosQA
vk?kzk; & vk $ ?kzk $ DRok > Y;i~] lw¡?kdjA
vkjksI; & vk $ #g~ $ f.kp~ $ DRok > Y;i~] cSBkdjA
i;Zi`PNr & ifj $ i`PN~ $ yÄ~ (vkReusin] vk"kZiz;ksx)] iwNkA
vkRelek% & vkReuk lek%] vius lekuA
JqroUr% & Jqr $ erqi~ iqaú izú iqú cú oú] 'kkL=k i<+s gq,A
ftrsfUnz;k% & ftrkfu bfUnz;kf.k ;S% rs] bfUnz;ksa dks o'k esa djus okysA
eU=k% & eU=k.kkA
fot;ewye~ & fot;% ewys ;L; rr~] fot; iznku djus okykA
'kkL=kdksfonS% & 'kkL=kL; dksfonS%] "k"Bh&rRiq#"k] 'kkL=k osQ Kkrkvksa osQ }kjkA
vocqè;ls & tkxrs gksA
eU=k;ls & eU=k.kk djrs gksA
fofuf'pR; & fo $ ful~ $ fp $ DRok > Y;i~] fu'p; djosQA
nh?kZ;fl & foyEc djrs gksA
vFkZÑPNsª"kq & vFkZL; ÑPNsª"kq] "k"Bh&rRiq#"k] /u dh dfBukb;ksa esaA
fu%Js;le~ & fu%'ks"ks.k Js;kafl ;fLeu~ rr~] dY;k.kA
vekR;% & eU=khA
fop{k.k% & fuiq.kA
izki;sr~ & iz $ vki~ $ f.kp~] fof/fyÄ~] izú iqú ,ú oú] izkIr djk,A
t?kU;% & fuanuh;A
,f"k & izkIr gksrs gksA
fu;kst;fl & fu;qDr djrs gksA
n{k% & prqj] fuiq.kA
HkDrosru;ks% & Hkkstu vkSj osru osQA
mi/krhrku~ & mièkk;k% vrhrku~] jktkvksa osQ }kjk fd;s x;s eaf=k;ksa osQ
ijh{k.k ls 'kq¼ gksdj fudys gq,A
/`"V% & fdlh osQ ncko esa u vkus okykA
6 HkkLorh
lfU/foPNsn%
jkeks nqnZ'kZe~ ¾ jke% $ nqnZ'kZe~A
;qxkUrs ¾ ;qx $ vUrsA
dFkf×pnfHkfoKk; ¾ dFke~ $ fpr~ $ vfHkfoKk;A
jkeLre~ ¾ jke% $ re~A
i;Zi`PNr ¾ ifj $ vi`PNr (vk"kZiz;ksx)A
df'pnkRelek% ¾ d% $ fpr~ $ vkRelek%A
oqQyhuk'psfÄõrKk'p ¾ oqQyhuk% $ p $ bfÄõrKk% $ p
efU=k/qjSjekR;S% ¾ efU=kèkqqjS% $ vekR;S%A
dfPpfUunzko'ke~ ¾ dr~ $ fpr~ $ funzko'ke~A
uSf"k ¾ u $ ,f"kA
uSd% ¾ u $ ,d%A
áFkZÑZPNªs"kq ¾ fg $ vFkZÑPNªs"kqA
oqQ;kZfUu%Js;le~ ¾ oqQ;kZr~ $ fu%Js;le~A
dfPpn~/`"V'p ¾ dfPpr~ $ /`"V% $ pA
efrek×Nqfp% ¾ efreku~ $ 'kqfp%A
oqQyhuk'p ¾ oqQyhuk% $ pA
Hk`R;k'p ¾ Hk`R;k% $ pA
dkykfrozQe.kkPpSo ¾ dky $ vfrozQe.kkr~ $ p $ ,oA
HkrqZjI;froqQI;fUr ¾ HkrqZ% $ vfi $ vfroqQI;fUr
lks¿uFkZ% ¾ l% $ vuFkZ%
vH;kl%
1- laLÑrsu mÙkja ns;e~
(d) v;e~ ikB% dLekn~ xzUFkkr~ lÄ~dfyr%\
([k) tfVy% phjolu% Hkqfo ifrr% d% vklhr~\
(x) jke% de~ ikf.kuk ifjtxzkg\
(?k) Hkjre~ d% vi`PNr~\
(Ä) jkKka fot;ewya ¯d Hkofr\
(p) jkK% Ñrs dhn`'k% vekR;% {ksedj% Hkosr~\
(N) lsukifr% dhn`x~ xq.k;qÙkQ% Hkosr~\
oqQ'kyiz'kklue~ 7
(t) cysH;% ;Fkkdkye~ ¯d nkrO;e~\

(>) eU=k% dhn`'k% Hkofr\
(×k) esèkkoh vekR;% jktkua dke~ izki;sr~\
2- fjÙkQLFkkuiwfrZ% fozQ;rke~
(d) jke% nn'kZ nqnZ'k± ;qxkUrs ------------------------ ;FkkA
([k) vÄ~osQ ------------------------ vkjksI; jke% lknja i;Zi`PNrA
(x) dfPpr~ dkys ------------------------ \
(?k) if.Mr% fg vFkZÑPNªs"kq ------------------------ oqQ;kZr~A
(Ä) Js"Bk×Nªs"Bs"kq dfPpr~ ,oa ------------------------ fu;kst;flA
3- lizlÄaõ ekr`Hkk"k;k O;k[;k;srke~
(d) eU=kks fot;ewya fg jkKka Hkofr jk?ko!
([k) dfPpÙks efU=krks eU=kks jk"Vªa u ifj/kofr!
4- izFkeuoe'yksd;ks% Loekr`Hkk"k;k vuqokn% fozQ;rke~
5- v/ksfyf[krinkuka mfpreFk± dks"Bdkr~ fpRok fy[kr
(d) nqnZ'kZe~ ¾ ------------------------
([k) ifj"oT; ¾ ------------------------
(x) vk?kzk; ¾ ------------------------
(?k) ew£èu ¾ ------------------------
(Ä) fu%Js;le~ ¾ ------------------------
(p) fop{k.k% ¾ ------------------------
(N) cyL; ¾ ------------------------
(vk¯yxu djosQ)] (lw¡?kdj)] (dfBukbZ ls ns[kus ;ksX;)] (fuiq.k)]
(lsuk dk)] (f'kj esa)] (dY;k.k dks)
6- foijhrkFkZesyua fozQ;rke~
,d% 'kuS%
f{kize~ ew[kZ%
if.Mr% y?kq
egr~ cgq
7- lfU/foPNsn% fozQ;rke~
;Fkk& oqQyhu'p ¾ oqQyhu% $ p
Hk`R;k'p ¾ ------------------------
8 HkkLorh
/`"V'p ¾ ------------------------
vuqjDr'p ¾ ------------------------
'kwj'p ¾ ------------------------
8- v/ksfyf[krs"kq 'kCns"kq izÑ¯r izR;;a p i`Fko~Q oqQ#r

ifrre~] vk?kzk;] efU=k.k%] if.Mrk%] esèkkoh] nkrO;e~] Le`r%A
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) jkek;.k&ifjp;%
egf"kZokYehfdfojfprs jkek;.kk[;s egkdkO;s v;ksè;kuìrs% n'kjFkL; iq=kL;
jkeL; pfj=ka foLrjs.k of.kZre~A egkdkO;fena lIrdk.Ms"kq foHkÙkQe~A ;Fkk &
ckydk.Me~] v;ksè;kdk.Me~] vj.;dk.Me~] fdf"dU/kdk.Me~] lqUnjdk.Me~]
;q¼dk.Me~ mÙkjdk.M×psfrA
([k) HkkofoLrkj%
jktk
dk;± lks¿os{; 'kfDra p ns'kdkykS p rÙor%A
oqQ#rs /eZfl¼~;Fk± fo'o:ia iqu% iqu%AA
;L; izlkns iÁk Jhfot;'p ijkØesA
e`R;q'p olfr Øks/s loZrstkse;ks fg l%AA (euqLe`fr% 7@10] 11)
eU=kh
ekSyk×NkL=kfon% 'kwjkaYyC/y{kkUoqQyksn~Hkoku~A
lfpoku~ lIr pk"VkS ok izoqQohZr ijhf{krku~AA (euqLe`fr% 7@54)
vekR;%
vekR;eq[;a /eZKa izkKa nkUra oqQyksn~xre~A
LFkki;snklus rfLefU[kUu% dk;sZ {k.ks u`.kke~AA (euqLe`fr% 7@141)
osrue~
dfr nÙka fg Hk`R;sH;ks osrus ikfjrksf"kde~A
rRizkfIri=ka x`Êh;kr~ n|k}srui=kde~AA
lSfudk% f'kf{krk ;s ;s rs"kq iw.kkZ Hk`fr% Le`rk%A
O;wgkH;kls fu;qÙkQk ;s rs"oèkkZEHk`frekogsr~AA ('kqØuhfr%)
f}rh;% ikB%
lkSo.kksZ uoqQy%
izLrqr ikB egf"kZ O;kl fojfpr egkHkkjr osQ vk'oesf/d ioZ
(vè;k; 91&93) ls lÄ~dfyr gSA egkHkkjr osQ ;q¼ osQ vuUrj
egkjkt ;qfèkf"Bj v'oes/ ;K dk vk;kstu djrs gaSA ;K osQ lEiUUk
gksus ij ,d uoqQy (usoyk) ;KHkwfe esa vkrk gS] ftldk vk/k 'kjhj
lksus dk gSA og ;KHkwfe esa mifLFkr ;kfKdksa ls dgrk gS fd ;g
v'oes/ ;K Hkh ml czkã.k osQ lÙkqQizLFk ;K osQ rqY; ugha gS] ftlesa
esjk vk/k 'kjhj Lo.kZe; gks x;k FkkA ml uoqQy dh ,slh vk'p;Ztud
okrkZ dks lqudj ;kfKdksa }kjk lÙkqQizLFk ;K osQ fo"k; esa ftKklk djus
ij uoqQy ;kfKdksa osQ le{k izLrqr dFkk dks lqukrk gSA
Jw;rka jkt'kknZwy egnk'p;ZeqÙkee~A

v'oes/s egk;Ks fuo`Ùks ;nHkwf}Hkks!AA1AA
10 HkkLorh
fcykfUu"ozQE; uoqQyks #Deik'oZLrnku?k!A

ekuq"ka opua izkg èk``"Vks fcy'k;ks egku~AA2AA
lDrqizLFksu oks uk;a ;KLrqY;ks ujkf/ik%!A
m×No`ÙksoZnkU;L; oqQ#{ks=kfuokflu%AA3AA
/eZ{ks=ks oqQ#{ks=kss /eZKScZgqfHko`ZrsA
m×No`fÙkf}Zt% df'pRdkiksfrjHkoRiqjkAA4AA
lHkk;Z% lg iq=ks.k lLuq"kLrifl fLFkr%A
o/wprqFkksZ o``¼% l /ekZRek fu;rsfUnz;%AA5AA
"k"Bs dkys dnkfpPp rL;kgkjks u fo|rsAA
HkqÄ~Drs¿U;fLeUdnkfpRl "k"Bs dkys f}tksÙke%AA6AA
diksr/feZ.kLrL; nqfHkZ{ks lfr nk#.ksA
{kh.kkS"kf/leok;ks nzO;ghuks¿HkoÙknkAA7AA
vFk "k"Bs xrs dkys ;oizLFkeqiktZ;r~A
;oizLFka p rs lDrwuoqQoZUr rifLou%AA8AA
ÑrtI;kfÉdkLrs rq gqRok ofÉa ;Fkkfof/A
oqQMoa oqQMoa losZ O;HktUr rifLou%AA9AA
vFkkxPNfn~}t% df'pnfrfFkHkqZ×trka rnkA
rs ra n`"V~okfrfFka r=k izg`"Veulks¿Hkou~AA10AA
oqQVha izos'k;keklq% {kq/krZefrfFka rnkA
bne?;± p ik|a p c`lh ps;a roku?kA
'kqp;% lDro'pses fu;eksikftZrk% izHkks!A
izfrx`Êh"o Hknza rs e;k nÙkk f}tksÙke!AA11AA
bR;qDRok rkuqiknk; lÙkwQUizknkfn~}tkr;sA
rrLrq"Vks¿Hkof}izLrL; lk/ksseZgkReu%AA12AA
lkSo.kksZ uoqQy% 11
izhrkRek l rq ra okD;fenekg f}t"kZHke~A

okXeh rnk f}tJs"Bks /eZ% iq#"kfoxzg%AA13AA
'kq¼su ro nkusu U;k;ksikÙksu ;Rur%A
;Fkk'kfDr foeqÙksQu izhrks¿fLe f}tlÙke!AA14AA
czãp;sZ.k ;Ksu nkusu rilk rFkkA
vxàjs.k /esZ.k rLekn~xPN fnoa f}tAA15AA
rfLefUoizs xrs Lox± llqrs lLuq"ks rnkA
Hkk;kZprqFksZ /eZKs rrks¿ga fu%l`rks fcykr~AA16AA
rrLrq lDrqxU/su Dysnsu lfyyL; pA
fnO;iq"ikoenkZPp lk/ksnkZuyoS'p rS%A
foizL; rilk rL; f'kjks es dk×puhÑre~AA17AA
rrks e;ksDra r}kD;a izgL; f}tlÙkek%!A

lDrqizLFksu ;Kks¿;a lfEerks usfr loZFkkAA18AA
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
jkt'kknwZy! & gs uìJs"B!

v'oes/s & v'oes/ ;K esaA
fuo`Ùks & lEiUu gksus ijA
#Deik'oZ% & lqo.kZe; cxy okyk@ik'oZHkkx okykA
vu?k! & gs ikijfgr!
fcy'k;% & fcys 'ksrs ;% l%] fcy esa jgus okykA
m×No`Ùks% & m×Nsu o`fÙk;ZL; l%] rL;A
fdlku }kjk vius [ksrksa ls vUu lax`ghr dj ysus ij
ogk¡ ls NwVs gq, vukt osQ nkuksa dks pqu dj ykuk vkSj
mUgha ls vkthfodk djuk m×No`fÙk dgykrh gS] blh
o`fÙk ls vkthfodk djus okys osQA
onkU;L; & nkuh osQA
12 HkkLorh
dkiksfr% & diksro`fÙk okyk] ftl izdkj dcwrj b/j&m/j ls tks

oqQN fey tk;s mlls thou;kiu djrk gS] oSlh
o`fÙkokykA
lLuq"k% & iq=ko/w lfgrA
nqfHkZ{ks lfr & vdky iM+us ijA
nk#.ks & Hk;kud esaA
;oizLFke~ & ,d izLFk tkS (lsj Hkj)A
lDrwu~ & lÙkqvksas dksA
ÑrtI;kfÉdk% & Ñra tI;e~ vkfÉda p ;SLrs] os ftUgksaus ti ,oe~
fuR;deZ dj fy;k gksA
gqRok & gou djosQA
;Fkkfof/ & fof/e~ vufrozQE;] fof/iwoZdA
oqQMoe~ & izLFk dk prqFkZ Hkkx (iko Hkj)A
izâ"Veul% & izg`"Va euks ;s"kka rs] izlUu eu okysA
oqQVhe~ & oqQfV;k (osQ vUnj)A
{kq/krZe~ & Hkw[k ls ihfM+rA
v?;Ze~ & iwtukFkZ tyA
ik|e~ & iwtu osQ le; ikniz{kkyukFkZ tyA
c`lh & vkluA
fu;eksikftZrk% & fu;eiwoZd izkIrA
izhrkRek & izlUufpÙk okykA
f}t"kZHke~ & f}t% ½"kHk% bo re~] Js"B czkã.k dksA
okXeh & Js"B oDrkA
iq#"kfoxzg% & iq#"kL; foxzg bo foxzgks ;L; l% iq#"k 'kjhj okykA
U;k;ksikÙksu & U;k;su mikÙka rsu] èkeZiwoZd izkIr lsA
;Fkk'kfDr & 'kfDre~ vufrozQE;] lkeF;kZuqlkjA
vxàjs.k & mÙkeA
fnoe~ & LoxZ (dks)A
fu%l`r% & fudykA
lDrqxU/su & lÙkqvksa dh xU/ lsA
nkuyoS% & nku fn;s gq, (lÙkqvksa osQ d.kksa ls)A
izgL; & g¡l djA
lfEer% & rqY;A
lkSo.kksZ uoqQy% 13
vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k ns;kfu
(d) uoqQy% dhn`'k% vklhr~\
([k) fcykfUu"ozQE; uoqQy% ¯d dFk;fr\
(x) m×No`fÙkf}Zt% oqQ=k U;olr~\
(?k) diksr/ehZ f}t% nzO;ghu% dFke~ vHkor~\
(Ä) ;nk rL; f}tL; ifjokj% lDrwu~ HkksDrqa izo`Ùk% vHkor~ rnk r=k d%
vkxr%\
(p) f}t% lDrwu~ dLeS izknkr~\
2- v/ks¿fÄïrs"kq lfU/foPNsna n'kZ;r
egnk'p;Ze~] fcykfUu"ozQE;] m×No`ÙksoZnkU;L;] HkqÄ~Drs¿U;fLeu~] nkuyoS'p]
{kh.kkS"kf/leok;%A
3- v/ksU;Lrs"kq lfU/a oqQ#r
rL; $ vkgkj%] ;r~ $ vHkwr~ $ foHkkss] m×No`fÙk% $ f}t%] fu;r $ bfUnz;%]
rr% $ vge~] U;k; $ mikÙksuA
4- vèkksfÄrï ;ks% 'yksd;ks% Loekr`Hkk"k;k vuqokn% dk;Z%
(d) lDrqizLFksu oks uk;a ;KLrqY;ks ujkf/ik%A
m×No`ÙksoZnkU;L; oqQ#{ks=kfuokflu%A
([k) fnO;iq"ikoenkZPp lk/ksnkZuyoS'p rS%A
foizL; rilk rL; f'kjks es dk×puhÑre~A
5- ^lkSo.kksZ uoqQy%* bR;L; ikBL; lkjka'k% ekr`Hkk"k;k ys[kuh;%
6- fjÙkQLFkkukfu iwj;r
(d) jkt'kknZwy! ------------------------ Jw;rke~A
([k) v;a o% ;K% ------------------------ rqY;% ukfLrA
(x) iqjk m×No`fÙkf}Zt% ------------------------ vHkor~A
(?k) rnk {kq/krZe~ ------------------------ oqQVha izos'k;keklq%A
(Ä) rL; foizL; rilk es ------------------------ dk×puhÑre~A
(p) lDrqizLFksuk;a ------------------------ lfEerks ukfLrA
14 HkkLorh
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) egkHkkjre~ %& egf"kZO;kliz.khrs egkHkkjrukeosQ egkdkO;s y{kkf/dk% 'yksdk%
lfUrA vfLeu~ egkdkO;s v"Vkn'kiokZf.k lfUr & vkfnioZ] lHkkioZ] ouioZ]
fojkV~ioZ] m|ksxioZ] Hkh"eioZ] nzk.s kioZ] d.kZioZ] 'kY;ioZ] lkSfIrdioZ] L=khioZ]
'kkfUrioZ] vuq'kkluioZ] vk'oesfèkdioZ] vkJeokfldioZ] ekSlyioZ] egk&
izLFkkuioZ LoxkZjksg.kioZ pA
egkHkkjre~ osnksÙkjdkfydk[;kukuka erkuka p fo'kkya Hkk.Mkja fo|rsA fo"k;L;kL;
O;kidrk vL;kfUreioZ.k% opusukusu Li"Vk Hkofr&
^^;fngkfLr rnU;=k ;UusgkfLr u rr~ Dofpr~A**
([k) v'oes/;K %& v'oes/;K% izkphudkys jkT;foLrkjk; jk"Vªle`¼;s p
dj.kh;% ;K% vklhr~A vfLeu~ jkKka cyL; ijkØeL; p ijh{kk Hkofr LeA
;KdrkZ uì% Lojkf"Vª;izrhde'oa lSU;cyS% lg Hkwe.MyHkze.kk; izs"k;fr
LeA ;ks uì% LojkT;s lekxre'oa fuckZ/a xUrqa izkfn'kr~ l% ;Kd=ksZ jkKs
djns;rka LohdjksfrLeA ;% re'oe#.kr~ l% vk'oesf/duìL;k/hurka
ukÄhõ djksfr LeA rnk mHk;kscZy;kseZè;s ;q¼a Hkofr Le r=kSo p uìk.kka
ijkØe% ijh{;rs LeA
'kriFkczkã.ks v'oina jk"VªkFksZ iz;qÙkQe~ & ^jk"Vaª oS v'o%* bfrA
r`rh;% ikB%
lwfÙkQlq/k
izLrqr ikB pk.kD; }kjk jfpr pk.kD;uhfr rFkk ukjk;.k if.Mr iz.khr
fgrksins'k ls ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA eg£"k pk.kD; }kjk dgs x,
eqÙkQd i| thou dks ewY;oku~ cukus osQ fy, ije mi;ksxh gSaA i|
la[;k ,d ls rhu esa & fdl LFkku ij fuokl djuk pkfg,] dkSu
euq"; dk lPpk fe=k gS rFkk xq.kksa dh mi;ksfxrk dk o.kZu gSA i|
la[;k pkj ls vkB fgrdkjh mins'kksa dks lwfpr djrs gSa ;Fkk ew[kZ
O;fDr dk izoh.k gksuk] euLoh O;fÙkQ dk O;ogkj] iq#"k osQ Ng nks"kksa
dk o.kZu rFkk lkalkfjd thoulq[kksa osQ o.kZuA thou dks e/qj rFkk
mís';iw.kZ cukus osQ fy, dfri; ewY;ksa dh vko';drk gksrh gS vkSj
;s uhfrijd i| rFkk fgrdkjh mins'k thou dks lqlaLÑr ,oa lkFkZd
cukus esa mi;ksxh rFkk lgk;d fl¼ gksaxsA
;fLeu~ ns'ks u lEekuks u o`fÙkuZ p ckU/ok%A
u p fo|kxe% df'pn~ okla r=k u dkj;sr~AA1AA
vkrqjs O;lus izkIrs nq£Hk{ks 'k=kqladVsA
jkt}kjs 'e'kkus p ;fLr"Bfr l ckU/o%AA2AA
dks¿frHkkj% leFkkZuka ¯d nwja O;olkf;uke~A
dks fons'k% lfo|kuka dks¿fiz;% fiz;okfnuke~AA3AA
dkp% dk×pulalxkZn~ /Ùks ekjdrha |qfre~A
rFkk lRlfÂ/kusu ew[kksZ ;kfr izoh.krke~AA4AA
oqQlqeLrcdL;so };h o`fÙkeZufLou%A
losZ"kka ew£èu ok fr"Bsn~ fo'kh;sZr ous¿FkokAA5AA
16 HkkLorh
/ukfu thfora pSo ijkFksZ izkK mRl`tsr~A

lfÂfeÙka oja R;kxks fouk'ks fu;rs lfrAA6AA
"kM~nks"kk% iq#"ks.ksg gkrO;k HkwfrfePNrkA
funzk rUnzk Hk;a Øks/ vkyL;a nh?kZlw=krkAA7AA
vFkkZxeks fuR;ejksfxrk p fiz;k p Hkk;kZ fiz;okfnuh pA
o';'p iq=kks¿FkZdjh p fo|k "kM~ thoyksdL; lq[kkfu jktu~!AA8AA
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
fo|kxe% & fo|k;k% vkxe%] "k"Bh rRiq#"k lekl] fo|k dh izkfIrA
o`fÙk% & o`r~ $ fÙkQu~] vkthfodkA
'k=kqladVs & 'k=kks% ladV% rfLeu~] "k"Bh rRiq#"k] 'k=kq dk ladV gksus ijA
O;olkf;uke~ & O;olk; $ f.kfu] "kú cú o] m|e'khyksa osQ fy,A
/Ùks & /kj.k djrk gSA
lRlfÂ/kusu & lrka lfÂ/kue~] rsu] "k"Bh rRiq#"k] lTtuksa dh laxfr lsA
oqQlqeLrcd% & oqQlqekuka Lrcd%] "k"Bh rRiq#"k] iwQyksa dk xqPNkA
fo'kh;Zrs & fo $ Ük` $ deZokP; foú fyÄ~ú izú iqú ,ú oú] u"V gksoAs
mRl`tsr~ & R;kx nsA
lfÂfeÙka & Js"B y{; osQ fy,A
nh?kZlw=krk & nh?kZlw=k $ ry~] L=khú izú ,ú oú] dk;Z osQ fo"k; esa
vf/d le; rd lksprs jguk] le; ij dk;Z u djukA
vFkkZxe% & vFkZL; vkxe%] "k"Bh rRiq#"k] /u dh izkfIrA
vFkZdjh & /u mRiÂ djus okyhA
fiz;okfnuh & fiz; cksyus okyhA
vjksfxrk & fdlh izdkj osQ jksx dk u gksuk (uhjksx gksuk)A
vH;kl%
1- laLÑrsu mÙkja ns;e~
(d) v;a ikB% dkH;ka xzUFkkH;ka ladfyr%\
([k) oqQ=k okl% u dÙkZO;%\
lwfÙkQlq/k 17
(x) ckUèko% oqQ=k oqQ=k fr"Bfr\

(?k) dkp% dL; lalxkZr~ ekjdrhe~ |q¯r /ÙksA
(Ä) izkK% ijkFksZ ¯de~ fde~ mRl`tsr~\
(p) ew[kZ% dFke~ izoh.krke~ ;kfr\
(N) i#"ks.k osQ "kM~ nks"kk% gkrO;k%\
(t) thoyksdL; "kV~ lq[kkfu dkfu lfUr\
2- fjÙkQLFkkuiw£r% fØ;rke~
(d) ;% ------------------------ fr"Bfr l% ckU/o%A
([k) thoyksdL; ------------------------ "kV~ lq[kkfu HkofUrA
(x) eufLou% ------------------------ bo };h o`fÙk% HkofrA
(?k) "kM~nks"kk% ------------------------ gkrO;k%A
(Ä) lfUufeÙka ojaR;kxks ------------------------ lfrA
3- v/ksfyf[kr;ks% i|ka'k;ks% ekr`Hkk"k;k HkkokFkZe~ fy[kr
(d) dks¿fiz;% fiz;okfnuke~A
([k) lfÂfeÙka oja R;kxks fouk'ks fu;rs lfrA
(x) losZ"kka ew£èu ok fr"Bsn~ fo'kh;sZr ous¿FkokA
4- d&HkkxLFkinS% lg [k&HkkxL;kFkkZuka esyua fozQ;rke~
d [k
fo|kxe% fonq"kke~
O;lus 'kksHkke~
lfo|kuke~ fo|kizkfIr%
|qfre~ iq"ixqPNL;
oqQlqeLrcdL; foiÙkkS
ew£èu dY;k.ke~
Hkwfre~ f'kjfl
5- mnkgj.kkuqlkja foxzginkfu vk/`R; leLrinkfu jp;r
;Fkk& fo|k;k% vkxe% ¾ fo|kxe%
jkK% }kjs ¾ ------------------------
lrka lfUu/kusu ¾ ------------------------
18 HkkLorh
dk×puL; lalxkZr~ ¾ ------------------------

vFkZL; vkxe% ¾ ------------------------
thfork; bne~ ¾ ------------------------
u jksfxrk ¾ ------------------------
vFkZe~ djksfr ;k lk ¾ ------------------------
6- v/kssfyf[krs"kq 'kCns"kq izÑfrizR;;a foPNsna oqQ#r

izkIrs] izoh.krke~] o`fÙk%] fu;rs] gkrO;kA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
lekukUrj'yksdk%
(1) ikikfUuokj;fr ;kst;rs fgrk;
xqg~;a fuxwg;fr xq.kkUizdVhdjksfrA
vkin~xra p u tgkfr nnkfr dkys
lfUe=ky{k.kfena izonfUr lUr%AA
(uhfr'krde~&73)
(2) eufl opfl dk;s iq.;ih;w"kiw.kkZ%
f=kHkqoueqidkjJsf.kfHk% izh.k;Ur%A
ijxq.kijek.kwu~ ioZrhÑR; fuR;a
futâfn fodlUr% lfUr lUr% fd;Ur%AA
(uhfr'krde~&79)
(3) egktuL; lalxZ% dL; uksUufrdkjd%A
iÁi=kfLFkra okfj /Ùks eqÙkQkiQyfJ;e~AA
(lqHkkf"krjRuHkk.Mkxkje~&90@2)
(4) lalkjdVqo`{kL; }s iQys áe`rksiesA
lqHkkf"kra p lqLoknq% laxfr% lqtus tusAA
(pk.kD;uhfrniZ.k%)
(5) larIrk;fl lafLFkrL; i;lks ukekfi u Jw;rs
eqDrkdkjr;k rnso ufyuhi=kfLFkra jktrsA
LokR;ka lkxj'kqfDreè;ifrra rTtk;rs ekSfDrde~
izk;s.kk/eeè;eksÙkexq.k% lalXkZrks tk;rsAA
(HkrZ`gfjuhfr'krde~)
lwfÙkQlq/k 19
(6) lR;a czw;kfRiz;a czw;kr~ u czw;kRlR;efiz;e~A

fiz;a p uku`ra czw;kr~ ,"k /eZ% lukru%AA
(euqLe`fr% 4@138)
(7) Dofpn~HkwekS 'kÕ;k Dofpnfi p i;ZÄï'k;ue~A
DofpPNkdkgkjh Dofpnfi p 'kkY;ksnu#fp%A
DofpRdUFkk/kjh Dofpnfi p fnO;kEcj/jks
euLoh dk;kZFkhZ x.k;fr u nq%[ka u p lq[ke~AA
(8) vkRekFk± thoyksosQ¿fLeu~ dks u thofr ekuo%A

ija ijksidkjkFk± ;ks thofr l thofrA
(lqHkkf"krjRuHkk.Mkxkje~)
(9) jfo'pUnzks ?kuk% o`{kk% u|ks xko'p lTtuk%A
,rs ijksidkjk; ;qxs nSosu fufeZrk%AA
(10) vkyL;a fg euq";k.kka 'kjhjLFkks egku~ fjiq%A

ukLR;q|eleks cU/q% ÑRok ;a ukolhnfrAA
(uhfr'krde~)
prqFkZ% ikB%
Írqp;kZ
;g ikB eg£"k vfXuos'k }kjk ewy :i esa fyf[kr rFkk eg£"k pjd }kjk
izfr&laLÑr pjdlafgrk uked vk;qosZn osQ xzUFk ls ladfyr fd;k
x;k gSA bl xzUFk osQ NBs vè;k; esa fofHkÂ ½rqvksa esa vkgkj ls
lacafèkr fu;e crk, x, gSaA viuh fnup;kZ esa ¯dfpr~ ifjorZu djosQ
O;fDr nh?kZ vk;q rFkk LoLFk thou dks izkIr djrk gSA ladfyr i|ksa
esa gseUr] f'kf'kj] olUr] xzh"e] o"kkZ vkSj 'kjn~ bu N% Írqvksa esa euq";
dks viuh Hkkstup;kZ fdl izdkj dh j[kuh pkfg,] bldk foospu
fd;k x;k gSA
gseUr%
xksjlkfu{kqfoÑrhoZlka rSya uokSnue~A
gseUrs¿H;L;rLrks;eq".ka pk;quZ gh;rsAA1AA
otZ;snÂikukfu okrykfu y?kwfu pA
izokra izferkgkjeqneUFka fgekxesAA2AA
f'kf'kj%
gseUrf'kf'kjkS rqY;kS f'kf'kjs¿Yia fo'ks"k.ke~A
jkS{;eknkuta 'khra es?kek#ro"kZte~AA3AA
rLek¼SefUrd% loZ% f'kf'kjs fof/fj";rsA
fuokreq".ka Rof/da f'kf'kjs x`gekJ;sr~AA4AA
dVqfrÙkQd"kk;kf.k okrykfu y?kwfu pA
otZ;snÂikukfu f'kf'kjs 'khrykfu pAA5AA
Írqp;kZ 21
olUr%
olUrs fufpr% 'ys"ek fnuÑn~HkkfHkjhfjr%A
dk;kfXua ck/rs jksxkaLrr% izoqQ#rs cgwu~AA6AA
rLek}lUrs dekZf.k oeuknhfu dkj;sr~A
xqoZEyfLuX/e/qja fnokLoIua p otZ;sr~AA7AA
xzh"e%
e;w[kStZxr% Lusga xzh"es isih;rs jfo%A
Loknq 'khra nzoa fLuX/eÂikua rnk fgre~AA8AA
?k`ra i;% l'kkY;Âa Hktu~ xzh"es u lhnfrA
yo.kkEydVw".kkfu O;k;kea p footZ;sr~AA9AA
o"kkZ
Hkwok"ikUes?kfuL;Unkr~ ikdknEykTtyL; pA
o"kkZLofXucys {kh.ks oqQI;fUr ioukn;%AA10AA
O;ÙkQkEyyo.kLusga okro"kkZoqQys¿gfuA
fo'ks"k'khrs HkksÙkQO;a o"kkZLofuy'kkUr;sAA11AA
'kjn~
o"kkZ'khrksfprkÄ~xkuka lglSokoZQjf'efHk%A
rIrkukekfpra fiÙka izk;% 'kjfn oqQI;frAA12AA
rFkkÂikua e/qja y?kq 'khra lfrÙkQde~A
fiÙkiz'keua lsO;a ek=k;k lqizdkfÄ~{krS%1113AA
'kkjnkfu p ekY;kfu oklkafl foeykfu pA
'kjRdkys iz'kL;Urs iznks"ks psUnqj'e;%AA14AA
22 HkkLorh
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
xkssjlku~ & xk; dk nw/] ngh ,oa NkNA
uokSnue~ & u;s pkoyA
olka & dksbZ rsy vFkok ?khA
okrykfu & okrdkjd okra ykfUr ;kfu rkfu miin rRiq#"kA
izokra & rktk gok] goknkjA
jkS{;a & #{kL; Hkko%] :{k $ ";×k~] :[kkA
fufpr% & fu $ fp $ Dr] Ck<+k gqvkA
'ys"ek & diQA
mneUFke~ & tkS osQ ikuh ls fufeZr inkFkZA
oeuknhfu & oeue~ vkfn% ;s"kka rkfu (cú lú) mYVh vkfnA
fnokLoIue~ & fnu esa lksukA
e;w[kS% & fdj.kksa osQ }kjkA
fuokre~ & ok;qjfgrA
isih;rs & ik $ ;Ä~] yV~] izú iqú ,ú oú] ckj&ckj vFkok
vR;f/d ihrk gSA
ek=k;k & ek=kk osQ vuqlkjA
l'kkY;Âe~ & 'kkfyfHk% lfgra] l'kkfy p rr~ vUue~] /ku lfgr vÂA
vfuy'kkUr;s & vfuyL; 'kkUr;s] ok;q dh 'kkafr osQ fy,A
vdZjf'efHk & voZQL; jf'efHk%] lw;Z dh fdj.kksa osQ }kjkA
iznks"ks & jkf=k esaA
vknkuta & vknkukr~ tk;rs] ysus ([kkus&ihus) ls gksus okykA
lqizdkfÄ~{krS% & lq $ iz $ dka{k~ $ Dr] r`ú cú oú] pkgs gq,A
lfU/foPNsn%
uokSnue~ ¾ uo $ vksnue~
pk;quZ ¾ p $ vk;q% $ u
f'kf'kjs¿Yie~ ¾ f'kf'kjs $ vYie~
fof/fj";rs ¾ fof/% $ b";rs
HkkfHkjhfjr% ¾ HkkfHk% $ bZfjr%
l'kkY;Âe~ ¾ l'kkfy $ vÂe~
rLek¼SefUrosQ ¾ rLekr~ $ gSefUrosQ
Írqp;kZ 23
jksxkaLrr% ¾ jksxku~ $ rr%

o"kkZLofXucys ¾ o"kkZlq $ vfXucys
lglSokoZQjf'efHk% ¾ lglk $ ,o $ voZQjf'efHk%
psUnqj'e;% ¾ p $ bUnqj'e;%
vH;kl%
1- laLÑrsu mÙkjkf.k ns;kfu
(d) v;a ikB% dLekn~ xzUFkkr~ lÄ~dfyr% d'p rL; iz.ksrk\
([k) dfr Íro% HkofUr\ dkfu p rs"kka ukekfu\
(x) f'kf'kjs ¯d ¯d otZuh;e~\
(?k) olUrs dk;kfXua d% ck/rs\
(Ä) xzh"es dhn`'ke~ vÂikua fgra Hkofr\
(p) dfLeu~ ÍrkS ioukn;% oqQI;fUr\
(N) 'kjn`rkS fiÙkiz'keuk; ¯d ¯d lsO;e~ vfLr\
(t) fgekxes dhn`'kkfu vUUkikukfu otZ;sr~\
(>) f'kf'kjs dhn`'ke~ x`gekJ;sr~\
(×k) olUrs dkfu dekZf.k dkj;sr~\
(V) O;k;kea dnk otZ;sr~\
(B) bUnqj'e;% dnk iz'kL;Urs\
2- fjÙkQLFkkuiw£r% fØ;rke~
(d) fgekxes ------------------------- y?kwfu p vÂikukfu otZ;sr~A
([k) f'kf'kjs fuokre~ ------------------------- p x`ge~ vkJ;sr~A
(x) ------------------------- fnokLoIua otZ;sr~A
(?k) xzh"es ?k`ra i;% ------------------------- Hktu~ uj% u lhnfrA
(Ä) ------------------------- foeykfu oklkafl iz'kL;UrsA
3- ekr`Hkk"k;k O;k[;k;Urke~
(d) gseUrf'kf'kjkS rqY;kS f'kf'kjs¿Yia fo'ks"k.ke~A
([k) e;w[kStZxr% Lusga xzh"es isih;rs jfo%A
(x) 'kjRdkys iz'kL;Urs iznks"ks psUnqj'e;%A
4- Írqp;kZikBe~ vf/ÑR; izR;sde~ ÍrkS ¯d ¯d dj.kh;e~ ¯d ¯d p u
dj.kh;e~ bfr ekr`Hkk"k;k lqLi"V;r
24 HkkLorh
5- v/ksfyf[krkfu foxzginkfu vk/`R; leLrinkfu jp;r

;Fkk & uoe~ vksnue~ uokSnue~ deZ/kj; lekl%
foxzginkfu leLrinkfu lekl uke
(d) vUukfu p ikukfu p ------------------------- }U}%
([k) gseUr% p f'kf'kj% p ------------------------- }U}%
(x) fgeL; vkxes ------------------------- "kú rRiq#"k%
(?k) dk;L; vfXue~ ------------------------- "kú rRiq#"k%
(Ä) voZQL; jf'efHk% ------------------------- "kú rRiq#"k%
6- v/ksfyf[krinkukeFkZesyua fØ;rke~
inkfu vFkkZ%
(d) 'ys"ek gokjfgr
([k) jkS{;e~ c<+k gqvk (tek gqvk)
(x) fuokre~ okr
(?k) fufpr% Hkkjh
(Ä) iou% gYdk
(p) xq#% oL=k
(N) y?kq :[kkiu
(t) oklkafl diQ
7- v/ksfyf[krinkuke~ foijhrkFkZdinS% lg esyua fØ;rke~
inkfu foijhrkFkZdinkfu
m".ke~ vf/de~
lhnfr 'khrkuke~
rIrkuke~ izlhnfr
xq# 'khre~
vYie~ y?kq
8- izÑfra izR;;a p ;kstf;Rok infuekZ.ka oqQ#r
gseUr $ Bd~] fLug~ $ Dr] Hkqt~ $ rO;r~] lso~ $ ;r~] 'kjn~ $ v.k~A
Írqp;kZ 25
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) pjdlafgrk
pjdlafgrk vk;qosZn'kkL=kL; izfl¼% xzUFkks fo|rsA xzUFks¿fLeu~ v"VLFkkukfu
lfUr & lw=kLFkkue~] funkuLFkkue~] foekuLFkkue~] 'kjhjLFkkue~] bfUnz;LFkkue~]
fpfdRlkLFkkue~] dYiLFkkue~] flf¼LFkkua psfrA
([k) HkkofoLrkj%
(1) ;qDrkgkjfogkjL; ;qDrps"VL; deZlqA
;qDrLoIukocks/L; ;ksxks Hkofr nq%[kgkAA
vk;q% lÙocykjksX; lq[kizhfrfoo/Zuk%A
jL;k% fLuX/k fLFkjk â|k vkgkjk% lkfÙodfiz;k%AA
(Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk 17&15]8)
(2) vkgkj'kq¼kS lÙo'kqf¼%] lÙo'kq¼kS /zqok Le`fr%A
(NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~ 7@26@2)
(3) vukjksX;euk;q";eLoX;± pkfrHkkstue~A
viq.;a yksdfof}"Va rLEkkRrRifjotZ;sr~AA
(euqLe`fr% 2@57)
(4) Hkkstua izk.kj{kkFk± fo|rs uk=kla'k;%A
vf/da gku;s rLekr~ ;qÙkQkgkjijks Hkosr~AA
(pjdlafgrk O;k[;k)
(5) ferkgkjks uj% lks<aq 'kÙkQ% d"V'kra lq[ke~A
vuH;Lrks fg d"Vkukeè;'kuks foi|rsAA
(lqeuks okfVdk)
(6) rL;kf'krk|knkgkjkr~ cyo.kZ×p o/ZrsA
rL;rqZlkRE;a fofnra ps"VkgkjO;ikJ;e~AA
(lw=kLFkku 6@3)
(7) izkr% dkys O;k;ke% fuR;a nUrfo'kks/ue~A
LoPNtysu lqLukua cqHkq{kk;k×p Hkkstue~AA
i×pe% ikB%
ohj% loZneu%
izLrqr ikB dfooqQyxq# egkdfo dkfynkl dh vej Ñfr txr~ izfl¼
¶vfHkKku'kkoqQUrye~¸ ukVd osQ lIre vÄï ls fy;k x;k gSA bl
ukVd dh ewy dFkk egkHkkjr osQ 'kkoqQUryksik[;kue~ ls yh xbZ gSA bl
ukVd esa jktk nq";Ur 'koqQUryk ls xkU/oZ fookg djrk gS ij nqokZlk
Íf"k osQ 'kki osQ dkj.k mls Hkwy tkrk gSA mlosQ }kjk BqdjkbZ xbZ
'koqQUryk vius iq=k loZneu osQ lkFk eg£"k ejhfp osQ vkJe esa jg jgh
gSA nsoklqj laxkz e esa fot; izkIr dj ykSVrs gq, nq";Ur ekxZ esa ekjhp
Íf"k osQ vkJe esa foJke gsrq vkrs gSa ogha ij mUgsa iq=k ,oa 'koqQUryk
dh izkfIr gksrh gSA jDr dk lEcU/ nq";Ur ,oa loZneu dks feykrk gSA
ckyd loZneu dk 'kkS;iZ .w kZ 'kS'ko ;gk¡ fpf=kr fd;k x;k gSA
nq";Ur% & (fufeÙka lwpf;Rok)
euksjFkk; uk'kals ¯d ckgks LiUnls o`FkkA
iwokZo/hfjra Jss;ks nq%[kk; ifjorZrs AA1AA
(usiF;s)
ek [kyq pkiya oqQ#A dFka xr ,okReu% izÑfre~\
nq";Ur% & (d.k± nÙok)
vHkwfefj;efou;L;A dks uq [kYos"k fuf"kè;rsA
('kCnkuq l kjs . kkoyks D ; lfoLe;e~ ) v;s ] dks uq
[kYo;e~ vuqcè;ekuLrifLouhH;ke~ vckylÙoks
cky%A
vèkZihrLrua ekrqjkenZfDy"VosQlje~A
izozQhfMrqa ¯lgf'k'kqa cykRdkjs.k d"kZfrAA2AA
ohj% loZneu% 27
cky% & tÈHkLo flag! nUraLrs x.kf;";sA

izFkek & vfouhr! ¯d uks ¿ iR;fu£o'ks " kkf.k "kÙokfu
foizdjksf"k\ gUrA o/Zrs rs lajEHk% A LFkkus [kyq
Íf"ktusu loZneu bfr Ñruke/s;ks¿flA
nq";Ur% & ¯d u [kyq ckys¿fLeu~ vkSjl bo iq=ks fLuáfr es
eu%\ uwueuiR;rk eka oRly;frA
f}rh;k & ,"kk [kyq osQlfj.kh Roka yÄ~?kf;";fr ;|L;k% iq=koaQ
u eq×pflA
cky% & (lfLere~) vgks cyh;% [kyqfLHkhrks¿fLeA (bR;èkja
n'kZ;fr)A
izFkek & oRl! ,ua ckye`xsUnza eq×p] vija rs ØhMuda
nkL;kfeA
cky% & oqQ=k] nsfg rr~ (bfr gLra izlkj;fr)
f}rh;k & lqozrs! u 'kD; ,"k okpkek=ks.k fojef;rqe~A xPN
Roe~A enh;s mVts e`fÙrdke;wjfLr"BfrA reL;ksigjA
28 HkkLorh
cky% & vusuSo rkor~ ØhfM";kfeA (bfr rkilha foyksD;

glfr)A
rkilh & HkorqA u eke;a x.k;fr (jktkueoyksD;) Hknzeq[k!
eksp;kusu ckè;ekua ckye`xsUnze~A
nq";Ur% & vkdkjln`'ka psf"VresokL; dFk;frA (vkRexre~)
vusu dL;kfi oqQykÄ~oqQjs.k
Li`"VL; xk=kss"kq lq[ka eeSoe~A
dka fuoZ`¯Ùk psrfl rL; oqQ;kZn~
;L;k;eÄïkr~ Ñfru% iz:<%AA3AA
(ckyeqiyky;u~) izdk'ke~
nq";Ur% & vFk dks¿L; O;ins'k%\
rkilh & iq#oa'k%A
nq";Ur% & (vkRexre~) dFkesdkUo;ks ee\ (izfo';)
rkilh & oRl loZneu! 'koqQUryko.;a izs{kLoA
cky% & oqQ=k ok eekEck\
nq";Ur% & (vkRexre~) ¯d ok 'koqQUrysR;L; ekrqjk[;k\
cky% & jksprs es ,"k e;wj%A (bfr ØhMudeknÙks)
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
uk'kals & u $ vk'kals] laHkkouk ugha djrk gw¡A
LiUnls & iQM+drh gksA
o`Fkk & csdkjA
iwokZo/hfjra & iwoZe~ vo/hfjre~ (deZ/kú lú) igys ls R;kxk gqvkA
vkReu% & Lo;a dhA
izÑfre~ & iz $ Ñ $ fDru~ f}ú ,ú oú] LoHkko dks A
fuf"kè;rs & fu $ flèk~ $ deZokP; yV~ izú iqú ,ú oú] jksdk tkrk gSA
vuqcè;eku% & jksdk tkrk gqvk gSA
vckylÙoks cky% & ckyL; lÙoe~ bo lÙoa ;L; l ckylÙo%] u ckylÙo
bfr vckylÙo%] ftldk izrki cPpksa tSlk u gks cM+s
tSlk gks (egku~ 'kwj)A
ohj% loZneu% 29
tÈHkLo & tEHkkbZ yksA

viR;fu£o'ks"kkf.k & viR;S% fufoZ'ks"kkf.k] larku tSlsA
lÙokfu & izkf.k;ksa dksA
foizdjksf"k & d"V ns jgs gksA
lajEHk% & gB@Øks/A
Ñruke/s;ks¿fl & ukedj.k fd;k x;k gSA
vkSjl & vkReh;A
fLug~;fr & Lusg djrk gSA
vuiR;rk & u viR;rk] u×k~ rRiq#"k] fu%lUrkurkA
oRly;fr & oRlya djksfr (uke/krq) yV~ iqú izú ,ú oú] Lusg ls
;qDr cukrk gSA
ØhMude~ & f[kykSukA
okpkek=ks.k & dgus ek=k lsA
fojef;rqe~ & jksdus osQ fy,A
migj & ns nksA
vkdkjln`'ke~ & vkdkjs.k ln`'ke~ (r`ú rRiqú)] vkdkj osQ lekuA
psf"VresokL; & bldh ps"Vk ghA
vkRexre~ & eu gh euA
fuo`Zfre~ & vkuUnA
Ñfru% & Ñr $ f.kfu] "k"Bh ,ú oú] cukus okysA
iz:<% & iz $ #g~ $ Dr] izú iqú ,ú oú] mRiUUk gqvk gSA
O;ins'k% & oa'kA
,dkUo;% & ,d ,o vUo;% ;L; l%] cgqú lú] ,d gh oa'k dkA
'koqQUryko.;e~ & 'koqQUrL; yko.;e~ "kú rRiqú] i{kh dh lqUnjrkA
vH;kl%
1- laLÑrHkk"k;k mÙkja ns;e~
(d) dL; dos% dLekr~ iqLrdkn~ x`ghrks¿;a ikB%\
([k) cky% dhn`'ka flagf'k'kqa d"kZfrLe\
(x) rkilh ckyk; ØhMkFk± ¯d nÙkorh\
(?k) ØhMkijL; ckyL; ekrq% ¯d uke/s;e~\
(Ä) ckyk; ¯d jksprs\
30 HkkLorh
2- fjDrLFkkukuka iwfrZ% dj.kh;k

(d) viR;fu£o'ks"kkf.k ------------------------ foizdjksf"kA
([k) iq=ks fLug~;fr es ------------------------ A
(x) ;|L;k% ------------------------ u eq×pflA
(?k) vija ØhMuda rs ------------------------ A
(Ä) ------------------------ psf"VresokL; dFk;frA
3- fuEukfÄïrs"kq lfU/PNsnks fo/s;%
xr,okReu%] vkSjl bo] nUrkLrs] ;|L;k%] 'koqQUrysR;L;] [kYo;e~] ckys¿fLeu~]
Hkhrks¿fLe] dL;kfi] ,dkUo;%] ,okL;] reL;ksigj] eSoe~] bR;/je~] eekEck]
vusuSoA
4- v/ksfyf[krs"kq foxzga ÑRok lekluke fy[kr
iwokZo/hfjre~] vHkwfe%] vfou;L;] 'kCnkuqlkjs.k] lfoLe;e~] vckylÙo%]
flagf'k'kqe~] vuiR;rk] lfLere~] e`fÙkdke;wj%] ckye`xsUnze~] ,dkUo;%]
vkdkjln`'ke~] ckyLi'kZe~A
5- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka laLÑrokD;s"kq iz;ksx% dj.kh;%
lfoLe;e~] d"kZfr] fLug~;fr] osQlfj.kh] mVts] O;ins'k%] izs{kLo] eekEckA
6- izÑfrizR;;ifjp;ks ns;%
lwpf;Rok] izØhfMrqe]~ voyksD;] vuqcè;eku%] fu"ØkUrk] miyH;] miyky;u~A
7- Loekr`Hkk"k;k lizlÄõa O;k[;k;rke~
(d) euksjFkk; uk'kals ------------------------ nq%[kk; ifjorZrsA
([k) v/ZihrLrua ------------------------ cykRdkjs.k d"kZfrA
(x) ¯d u [kyq ckys¿fLeu~ ------------------------ eka oRly;frA
8- Loekr`Hkk"k;k vk'k;a Li"VhoqQ#r
vusu dL;kfi oqQykÄjsïq .k ------------------------ ;L;k;eÄïkr~ Ñfru% iz:<%AA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
ukVosQ lekxrkuka ikfjHkkf"kd'kCnkuka foospue~&
1- vÄï%
vÄï bfr :f<'kCnks HkkoS% jlS'p jksg;R;FkkZr~
ukukfo/ku;qÙkQks ;Lekr~ rLekn~ HkosnÄï%AA
ohj% loZneu% 31
;=kkFkZL; lekfIr;Z=k p chtL; Hkofr lagkj%A

fdf×pnoyXufCkUnq% lks¿Äï bfr lnk¿oxUrO;%AA (ukV~;'kkL=ke~ 20@14&16)
laLÑrukVosQ"kq i×p izHk`fr n'k i;ZUre~ vÄïk% HkofUrA ,dfLeUuÄïs izk;'k%
dFkk;k% Hkkx% iw.kZrkesfr vÄïL; lekIrkS jÄõe×pr% lokZf.k ik=kkf.k fuXkZPNfUrA
2- usiF;e~
oqQ'khyooqQVqEcL; x`ga usiF;eqP;rsA
;=kkfHkusrkj% ukVdkuq:ia os'ka /kj;fUr rRLFkkua usiF;fefr dF;rsA
3- vkRexre~
vJkO;a [kyq ;n~oLrq rfngkRexra ere~A
;nk df'pnfHkusrk Loa izfr (eufl) okrk± djksfr
vijku~ tuku~ Lookrk± Jkof;rqa u ok×Nfr rnk
laoknks¿;a Loxre~] vkRexrfe* fr oksP;rsA
"k"B% ikB%
'kqd'kkodksnUr%
izLrqr ikB dfooqQyf'kjksef.k egkdfo ck.kHkV~V dh vf}rh; dFkkRed
jpuk ^dknEcjh* osQ dFkkeq[k Hkkx dk ,d va'k gSA egkjkt 'kwnzd osQ
njckj esa ,d pk.Mky&dU;k Lo.kZ&fi×tj esa cUn rksrs dks migkj
Lo:i izLrqr djrh gSA foJke osQ {k.kksa esa ogh rksrk egkjkt dks
vkichrh lqukrk gS fd og fdl izdkj ?ku?kkssj foUè;kVoh esa fLFkr
iEik ljksoj osQ rV ij th.kZ lsey osQ o`{k osQ dksVj ls o``¼ 'kcj osQ
}kjk fudky dj isaQosQ tkus ij Hk;adj nqigjh esa tkckfy eqfu osQ
iq=k gkjhr osQ }kjk vkJe esa yk;k x;kA lEiw.kZ dFkk oqQrwgyiw.kZ ,oa
jkspd gSA
vfLr eè;ns'kkyÄïkjHkwrk es[kyso Hkqoks foUè;kVoh ukeA rL;ka p
iEikfHk/kua iÁlj%A rL; if'pes rhjs egkth.kZ% 'kkYeyho`{k%A
rL;SoSdfLeu~ dksVjs fuolr% dFkefi firqjgeso lwuqjHkoe~A eeSo
tk;ekuL; izloosnu;k tuuh es yksdkUrjexer~A rkrLrq
lqrLusgknUrfuZx`á 'kksda eRlao/Zuij ,okHkor~A ijuhMfuifrrkH;%
'kkfyoYyjhH;Lr.Mqyd.kku~ 'kqdoqQykonfyrkfu p iQy'kdykfu
lekâR; eáenkr~A enqiHkqDr'ks"kesokdjksn'kue~A
,dnk rq iz R ;q " kfl lglS o rfLeu~ ous e ` x ;kdks y kg&
yèofu#npjr~A vkd.;Z p regeqitkrosiFkqjHkZdr;k Hk;foày%
firq% i{kiqVkUrjefo'ke~A vfpjkPp iz'kkUrs rfLeu~ {kksfHkrdkuus
e`x;kdydys firq#RlÄkõ nh"kfno fu"ØE; dksVjLFk ,o f'kjksèkjka
izlk;Z fdfenfefr fnn`{kqjfHkeq[kekirPNcjlSU;enzk{ke~A eè;s p
rL; izFkes o;fl orZekua 'kcjlsukifrei';e~A
'kqd'kkodksnUr% 33
vklhPp es eufl&^vgks eksgizk;esrs"kka thfore~A vkgkjks

eèkqekalkfn%] Jeks e`x;k] 'kkL=ka f'kok#ra] izKk 'koqQfuKkue~A
;fLeUuso dkuus fuolfUr rnsoksR[kkrewye'ks"kr% oqQoZfUrA bfr
fpUr;R;so ef; 'kcjlsukifr% l vkxR; rL;So rjksj/'Nk;k;ka
ifjtuksiuhriYyoklus leqikfo'kr~A vkihrlfyyks HkqDre`.kkfyd&
'pksRFkk;kixrJe% ldysu lSU;su lgkfHkera fn'ke;klhr~A
,dreLrq tjPNcjLrfLeUuso r#rys eqgwrZfeo O;yEcrA
vUrfjrs p lsukirkS l lqfpjek##{kqLra ouLifrekewykni';r~A
mR=kQkUrfeo rfLeu~ {k.ks rnkyksduHkhrkuka 'kqdoqQykukelqfHk%A
fdfeo fg nq"djed#.kkuke~A ;r% l re;RusuSo ikniek#á
iQykuho rL; ouLirs% dksVjsH;% 'kqd'kkodkuxzghr~A vixrklwa'p
ÑRok f{krkoikr;r~A
rkrLrq rnoyksD; fo"kkn'kwU;keJqtyIyqrka n`'kferLrrks
fof{kiu~ i{klaiqVsukPNk| eka Lusgijo'kks enz{k.kkoqQyks¿Hkor~A
vlkofi iki% =kQes.k 'kk[kkUrjS% l×pjek.kks eRdksVj}kjekxR;
HkqtÄõHkh"k.ka izlk;Z ckgqa eqgqeqZgqnZÙkp×pqizgkjeqRowQtUrekÑ"; rkr&
eixrklqedjksr~ eka rq LoYiRokr~ dFkefi uky{k;r~A mijra p
reofurys¿eq×pr~A vgefi rPpj.kkUrjkys izosf'krf'kjks/jks
fuHk`reÄïfuyhuLrsuSo lg iouo'klEiqf×trL; 'kq"diËjk'ks#ifj
ifrrekRekuei';e~A ;koPpklkS r#f'k[kjkUukorjfr rkonga
firjeqijreqRl`T; u`'kal bo LusgjlkufHkKks Hk;suSo osQoy&
efHkHkw;ekuks yqBfUurLrrks ukfrnwjo£ruLrekyikniL; ewyns'kefo'ke~A
vtkri{kr;k p eqgqeqZgqeZq[ksu irr% LFkwyLFkwya 'olrks èkwfy
èkwlfjrL; laliZrks ee leHkwUeufl&ukfLr thforknU;nfHkerrjfeg
txfr loZtUrwuke~A ,oeqijrs¿fi rkrs ;nga ftthfo"kkfeA
f/Ä~eked#.kefrfu"BqjeÑrKe~A [kya fg [kyq es ân;e~A rkrsu
;RÑra lo± rnsdins e;k foLe`re~A loZFkk u df×pUu [kyhdjksfr
thouk'kk ;nhn`xoLFkefi ekek;kl;fr tykfHkyk"k%A fnolL;
ps;efrd"Vk n'kk orZrAs vkrilUrIrikaly q k Hkwfe%A fiiklkolUukfu
34 HkkLorh
xUrqeuYiefi es ukyeÄd
õ kfuA vizHkqjLE;kReu%A lhnfr es ân;e~A
vU/dkjrkeqi;kfr es p{kq%A vfi uke [kyks fof/jfuPNrks¿fi es
ej.ke|Soksiikn;sr~A
bR;s o a fpUr;R;s o ef; gkjhrukek tkckyeq f uru;%

lo;ksfHkjijSeqZfuoqQekjoSQ% lg rsuSo iFkk rnso deylj% flLuk&
lq#ikxer~A izk;s.kkdkj.kferzk.;frd#.kknzkZf.k p HkofUr lrka
psrkaflA ;r% l rnoLFkeoyksD; eka ljLrhjekuk;;r~] Lo;a
pknk; lfyyfcUnw u ik;;r~ A leq i tkriz k .ka eka Nk;k;ka
fu/k;kdjksr~ Lukufof/e~A vfHk"ksdkolkus ldysu eqfuoqQekj&
dnEcosQukuqxE;ekuks eka x`ghRok riksouexPNr~A
'kqd'kkodksnUr% 35
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
eè;ns'kkyÄ~dkjHkwrk & eè;'pklkS ns'k'p eè;ns'k% (deZ/kj; lekl)
rL;kyÄ~dkjHkwrk] (rRiq#"k) eè;ns'k dh 'kksHkk c<+kus
okyhA
foUè;kVoh & foUè;L; vVoh] foUè; ioZr ij yxk ?kuk taxyA
egkth.kZ% & egku~ p vlkS th.kZ% p (deZ/kj;) cM+k iqjkuk
fuolr% & fu $ ol~ $ 'kr` "k"Bh ,úoú] jgus okys
tk;ekuL; & tu~ $ deZokP; $ 'kkup~ "k"Bhs ,ú oú] iSnk gksrs
gq,A
vxer~ & xe~ èkkrq yqÄ~ ydkj izú iqú ,ú oú] xbZA
fux`g~; & fu $ xzg~ $ DRok > Y;i~] jksddjA
ijuhMfuifrrkH;% & ijs"kka uhMsH;% ifrrkH;% nwljksa osQ ?kksaslyksa ls fxjh
gqbZA
'kqdoqQykonfyrkfu & 'kqdkuka oqQyS% vonfyrkfu] rRiq#"k] rksrksa osQ >q.M
}kjk drjs gq,A
iQy'kdykfu & iQykuka 'kdykfu&[k.Mkfu] rRiq#"k] iQyksa osQ VqdM+sA
lekâR; & le~ $ vk $ â $ DRok > Y;i~] ykdjA
miHkqDr'ks"ke~ & mi $ Hkqt~ $ Dr] miHkksxkr~ 'ks"ke~] [kkus ls cpk gqvkA
v'kue~ & v'k~ $ Y;qV~ > vu] HkkstuA
izR;w"kfl & mQ"kle~ izfr] v#.kksn; ls iwoZA
e`x;k & vk[ksV%] f'kdkjA
mitkrosiFkq% & mitkr% osiFkq% ;L; l% cgqozhfg] d¡kirk gqvkA
vHkZdr;k & 'kkod gksus ls] 'kqd'kkod dk fo'ks"k.kA
i{kiqVkUrje~ & i{k;ks% iqVL;kUrje~] rRiq#"k] ia[kksa osQ iqVd osQ HkhrjA
{kksfHkrdkuus & {kksfHkra dkuua ;su l% rfLeu~] taxy dks O;koqQy
djus okys
izlk;Z & i $ l` $ f.kp~ $ DRok > Y;i~] iSQykdjA
fnn`{kq% & n`'k~ $ lu~ $ m] nz"Vqe~ bPNq%] ns[kus dk bPNqdA
f'kok#re~ & f'kok;k% & Ük`xkY;k% #re~ 'kCne~] rRiqjQ"k] fl;kfjuksa
dk jksukA
'koqQfuKkue~ & 'koqQuhuka Kkue~] rRiqjQ"k] if{kfo"k;d KkuA
36 HkkLorh
mR[kkrewye~ & mR[kkra ewya ;L; re~ cgqozhfg] ftldh tMs+a m[kM+
xbZ gSaA
ifjtuksiuhre~ & ifjtuS% & Hk`R;S% miuhre~] rRiqjQ"k] lsodksa }kjk yk,
x;sA
vkihrlfyy% & vkihra lfyya ;su l%] ikuh ihus ijA
vixrJe% & vixr% Je% ;L; l%] Je lekIr gksus ijA
vfHkere~ & vfHk $ eu~ $ Dr] LohÑre~] fiz;] bfPNrA
vUrfjrs & pys tkus ijA
vk##{kqq% & vk $ jQg~ $ lu~ $ mizR;;] p<+us dh bPNk lsA
mR=kQkUre~ & mr~ $ =kQe~ $ Dr] fudy x;sA
vlqfHk% & izk.kS%] izk.kksa lsA
tjPNcj% & tjr~ pklkS 'kcj% re~ fHkYy%] deZ/kj;] cw<+k HkhyA
vixrklqe~ & vixrk% vlo% ;L; l% re~ cgqohz fg] izk.kghu] e`rA
vJqtyIyqrke~ & vJw.kka tyS% Iyqrke~] rRiqjQ"k] vk¡lw osQ ty ls
Hkhxh gqbZA
lapjek.k% & le~ $ pj~ $ 'kkup~] lapkj djrk gqvk] pyrk gqvkA
izosf'krf'kjks/j% & izosf'krk LFkkfirk f'kjks/jk xzhok ;su l%] cgqozhfg]
xnZu dks fNikus okykA
fuHk`re~ & fu $ Hk` $ Dr] fu'pyA
u`'kal% & uja 'kalfr fgufLr bfr] =kQwjA
vfHkHkw;eku% & vfHk $ Hkw $ 'kkup~] izHkkfor gksrk gqvk] vkØkUr
gksrk gqvkA
vtkri{kr;k & ia[k mRiUu u gksus lsA
vfHkerrje~ & vfHk] eu~ $ Dr $ rji~] fiz;rj] vHkh"VrjA
ftthfo"kkfe & tho~ $ lu~ yV~] mú iqú] ,úoú] thuk pkgrk gw¡A
vkrilUrIr ikalqyk & vkrisu ?kesZ.k lUrIrk ikalqyk p /wfy%] rRiq#"k $
deZ/kj; lekl] /wi ls rih /wy okyhA
flLuklq% & Luk $ lu~ $ m] LukrqfePNq%] ugkus dh bPNk j[kus
okykA
eqfuoqQekj dnEcosQu & equhuka oqQekjk.kka dnEcosQu oxsZ.k] rRiqjQ"k lekl]
eqfudekjksa osQ lewg lsA
vUkqxE;eku% & vuq $ xe~ $ deZokP; $ 'kkup~ iqú izú ,ú oú]
ihNk fd;k tkrk gqvkA
'kqd'kkodksnUr% 37
vH;kl%
1- fuEufyf[kriz'ukuka mÙkje~ laLÑrssu fy[kr
(d) iEikfHk/kua in~elj% oqQ=kklhr~\
([k) 'kqd% Do fuolfr Le\
(x) 'kcjk.kka dhn`'ka thoua orZrs\
(?k) gkjhr% dL; lqr% vklhr~\
(Ä) thouk'kk foaQ djksfr\
(p) 'kqdL; firk dhn`'kkfu iQy'kdykfu rLeS vnkr~\
(N) e`x;kèofuekd.;Z 'kqd% oqQ=k vfo'kr~\
(t) 'kcjlsukifr% dfLeu~ o;fl oÙkZeku% vklhr~\
(>) osQ"kka fde~ nq"dje~\
(×k) d% 'kqdL; rkre~ vixrklqedjksr~\
2- ikBekèk`R; ck.kHkêðL; x|'kSY;k% fo'ks"krk% fy[kr
3- ekr`Hkk"k;k 'kcjlsukirs% pfj=ke~ fy[kr
4- v/ksfyf[krkuka HkkokFk± fy[kr
(d) fdfeo fg nq"djed#.kkuke~A
([k) ukfLr thforknU;nfHkerrjfeg txfr loZtUrwuke~A
(x) loZFkk u df×pUu [kyhdjksfr thouk'kkA
(?k) izk;s.k vdkj.kfe=kk.;frd#.kknzkZf.k p HkofUr lrka psrkaflA
5- 'kqd'kkodL; vkRedFkka la{ksis.k fy[kr
6- v/ksfyf[krs"kq 'kCns"kq izÑfrizR;;foHkkxa oqQ#r
lekâR;] vkd.;Z] fu"=kQE;] fof{kiu~] mijre~] x`ghRok] vfHkyk"k%] lapjek.k%A
7- fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r
(d) vfLr Hkqoks es[kyso ------------------------ ukeA
([k) eeSo tk;ekuL; ------------------------ es tuuh e`rkA
(x) vgks eksgizk;e~ ------------------------ thfore~A
(?k) rkr% ------------------------ en~j{k.ks vkoqQy% vHkor~A
(Ä) loZFkk u ------------------------ u [kyh djksfr thouk'kA
38 HkkLorh
8- lfU/foPNsna oqQ#r
rL;SoSdfLeu~] rkrLrq] izR;w"kfl] vfpjkPPk] fpUr;R;so] iQykuho] rkonge~]
rsuSo] pknk;A
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
iEik %& iEikfHk/kua izfl¼a lj% ;n~ v|Ros isUuflj bfr ukEukfHk/h;rsA ljl%
lehi ,o Í`";ewdioZrks orZrs iEik bfr unh vLekn~ ,o ljl% fuxZrkA
foUè;kVoh %& ,dk ioZrJs.kh ;k mÙkjHkkjra nf{k.kHkkjrkr~ foHktfrA lIroqQyioZrs"kq
b;a ifjx.;rsA b;a ioZrekyk eè;ns'kL; nf{k.klhfEu orZrsA
fgeof}Uè;;kseZè;s ;RizkfXou'kuknfiA
izR;xso iz;kxkPp eè;ns'k% izdhfrZr%AA (euqLe`fr% 2@21)
,rklq ioZrekyklq xgukfu oukfu lfUr ;kfu ^foUè;kVoh* bfr insukfHk/h;UrsA
fdfeo fg nq"djed#.kkuke~&bfr vfLeu~ ikBs lwfrQ%A ,rkn`';% vU;k%
lwrQ;ks¿Uos"VO;k%A
lIre% ikB%
HkO;% lR;kxzgkJe%
izLrqr ikB Jherh {kekjkoÑr&lR;kxzgxhrk osQ prqFkZ vè;k; ls
mn~èk`r fd;k x;k gSA vk/qfud dof;=kh us lkcjerh osQ vkJe vkSj
egkRek xk¡/h osQ vkn'kZ vkpj.k dk o.kZu blesa fd;k gSA laLÑr
dfork dk orZeku izlaxksa esa izLrqrhdj.k ysf[kdk dk mís'; gSA oLrqr%
vk/qfud ;qx esa ns'k osQ dksus&dksus esa ftl vkradokn dh tM+ terh
tk jgh gS vkSj vius y{; (LokFkZ) dh flf¼ esa ftl rjg osQ u`'kal
vkSj funZ; ekxZ viuk;s tk jgs gSa] os jk"Vª osQ fy, ?kkrd gSaA vkt
muosQ izfrjks/ esa izR;sd O;fDr dks xk¡/h cuuk gS] vU;k; osQ fojks/
esa [kM+k gksuk gS vkSj lR;] vfgalk rFkk lnkpkj dk ekxZ viukuk gSA
rHkh laiw.kZ ekuo dk dY;k.k gksxkA
rrLrhjs lceZR;k ukEuk lR;kxzgkJe%A

egkRek LFkki;kekl lnua lkuq;kf=kd%AA1AA
lR;eso izek.ka ;UeuksokDdk;deZfHk%A
rfLeu~ iq.;fuokls rn~ ;FkkFkksZ fg l vkJe%AA2AA
vfgalk lR;eLrs;a czg~ep;kZifjxzgkSA
Lons'koLrqfu"Bk p fuHkhZr#fpla;e%AA3AA
vUR;tkuka leq¼kjks uoSrkfu ozrkfu fgA
HkkjrksRd"kZfln~è;FkZekJeL; egkReu%AA4AA
fueZeks fuR;lRoLFkks ferk'kh lqfLerkuu%A
lqdy=k% f'k'kqizseh firsokJeokfluke~AA5AA
40 HkkLorh
è;k;u~ Dys'kku~ LocU/wuka rf¼rSdijk;.k%A

fojktrs eqfucqZ¼ks cksf/nzqerys ;FkkAA6AA
lk{kkRlR;iznhiks¿;a nhI;rs¿f[kyHkkjrsA
LocU/wukeikoqQoZu~ g`n;kUeksgta re%AA7AA
cya loZcysH;ks¿fi lR;esokfrfjP;rsA
lR;okucy% Js;ku~ lcykr~ lR;oftZrkr~AA8AA
rn~ ;s pjfUr /esZ.k iztk ok jkT;'kkldk%A
le`f¼tkZ;rs rs"kkeU;s"kka rq {k;ks /zqo%AA9AA
bfr r=kHkoku~ xkU/hjk[;kfr lgokflu%A
vuq;kf;tuka'pkU;ku~ oplk ys[krks¿fi okAA10AA
egkRek izkg&
v/eZefi n`"V~ok ;% izfrc¼aq u ok×NfrA
lR;s lR;fi ;ks HkhR;k u p rr~ izfri|rsAA11AA
HkO;% lR;kxzgkJe% 41
Dyhc;ks#Hk;ks'pkfi fu"iQya thoua r;ks%A

LokFkZuk'kHk;kn~ ;r~ rkS j{krks¿u`rthoue~AA12AA
fgalkefi lekfJR; oja e`R;qeq[ks xre~A
u iqu% LokRej{kkFk± Ñra fuU|a iyk;ue~AA13AA
djksfr eulk fgalk l fg Hkh#% iykf;rkA
vkReuks e`R;qdkr;kZnkRefgalk djksfr pAA14AA
vr ,o e;k nÙka uke lR;kxzgkJe%A
lR;kuq;kf;;qDrk;k fouhrolrseZeAA15AA
bfr lR;kfn/ekZ.kkeeks?ka cyen~Hkqre~A
o.kZ;u~ xzkg;kekl ozrkfu lqcgwu~ xq#%AA16AA
vijk/s Ñrs¿I;U;S% lR;lkjs rnkJesA
Lohd`R; nks"kloZLoeqioklSLriL;frAA17AA
vkJekn~ cfgjU;=k yksdkuka dygs¿fi l%A
Loeso dkj.ka eRok rr~ dyÄïsu nw;rsAA18AA
vkReoRloZHkwrkfu i';rks¿L; inkuqxk%A
xq.kS% ijo'khHkwrk O;o/ZUr lgÏ'k%AA19AA
loZnkI;kpfj";ke% lR;kfnuoda ozre~A
bfr tkrleqRlkgS% l/S;± fuf'pra tuS%AA20AA
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
lceZR;k & lkcjerhukeu|k%] lkcjerh unh osQA
lkuq;kf=kd% & vuq;kf;fHk% lfgr% cgqú lú] vius vuq;kf;;ksa osQ
lkFkA
vLrs;e~ & vpkS;Ze~] pksjh ugha djukA
vifjxzg% & /ul×p;kHkkoo`fÙk%] /ul×p; u djus dk LoHkkoA
#fpla;e% & #fp&Lokn ij fu;U=k.k j[kukA
vUR;tkuka leq¼kj% & gfjtuks¼kj%] gfjtuksa dk m¼kjA
42 HkkLorh
fuR;lÙoLFk% & fuR;a lÙos fLFkr% loZnk lÙoxq.k ls ;qDrA

ferk'kh & ifjferHkkstuoku~] fere~ v'ukfr rPNhy%] de Hkkstu
djus okykA
e`R;qdkr;kZn~ & e`R;ks% dkr;kZr~ (nq%[k) Hk;kr~] e`R;q osQ Mj lsA
lqfLerkuu% & lqfLera vkuua ;L; l%] izlUu eq[k okykA
lqdy=k & 'kksHkua dy=ka ;L; l%] cgqú lú] lqUnj L=kh okykA
è;k;u~ & è;S /krq 'kr`ú izú iqú] izú ,ú oú] è;ku djrs gq,A
Js;ku~ & iz'kL; 'kCn~ bZ;l~ izR;;] iqaú izú ,ú oú] vf/d
dY;k.kdkjhA
fouhrolrs% & fouhrk ¾ olfr%] fouhr olfr% rL;k%] lTtuksa dh
oLrhA
inkuqxk% & inkfu vuqxPNfUr ;s rs] miin rRiq#"k] ihNs pyus
okysA
lèkS;Ze~ & /SS;sZ.k lg] vO;;hHkko] /S;ZlfgrA
vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqÙkjkf.k laLÑr Hkk"k;k ns;kfu
(d) v;a ikB% dLekn~ xzUFkkr~ ladfyr%A
([k) egkRek (xk¡/h) lR;kxzgkJea dL;k% (u|k%) rhjs LFkki;kekl\
(x) vkJeokfluka Ñrs egkRek dhn`'k% vklhr~\
(?k) vfLeu~ ikBs egkReu% rqyuk osQu lg Ñrk\
(Ä) le`f¼% osQ"kka tk;rs\
(p) lR;kxzgkJe% bfr uke osQu dFka p nÙke~\
(N) vL; ikBL; jpf;=kh dk\
(Tk) egkReu% ozrkfu dkfu vklu~\
(>) egkRek osQ"kka nks"kS% miokledjksr~A
(×k) fde~ i';r% xkfU/u% xq.kS% tuk% rL; inkuqxk% tkrk%\
2- v/ksfyf[kr'yksdkuka lkUo; ekr`Hkk"k;k vFkZe~ fy[kr
(d) vfgalk lR;eLrs;a ------------------------ fuHkhZr#fp la;e%AA
([k) lk{kkr~ lR;iznhiks¿;a ------------------------ ân;kUeksgta re%AA
(x) v/eZefi n`"V~ok ------------------------ rr~ izfri|rsAA
HkO;% lR;kxzgkJe% 43
3- v/ksfyf[krinkuka ifjp;a nÙk

leq¼kj%] izfrc¼qe~] le`f¼%] è;k;u~] n`"V~ok] lekfJR;] nÙke~] eRok
4- lfoxzge~ lekluke fy[kr
(d) lR;kxzgkJee~
([k) egkRek
(x) czãp;kZifjxzgkS
(?k) lqdy=k%
(Ä) fu"iQye~
5- lR;kxzgegÙoef/ÑR; ekr`Hkk"k;k n'k okD;kfu fy[kr
6- v/ksfyf[kr'kCnkuka lfU/PNsna oqQ#r
uoSrkfu] ferk'kh] eqfucZq¼%] nhI;rs¿f[kyHkkjrs] lR;fi] firso] O;oèkZUr]
loZnkI;kpfj";ke%A
(d) rrLrhjs ------------------------ lR;kxzgkJe%A
([k) vfgalk ------------------------ izfrxzgkSA
(x) v/eZefi ------------------------ ok×NfrA
(?k) lR;s lR;kfi ------------------------ izfri|rsA
(Ä) vkJekn~ ------------------------ nw;rsA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
HkkofoLrkj%
(1) ------------------- bnegeu`rkr~ lR;eqiSfeA (;tqosZn% & 1@5)
(2) lR;esoku`'kala p jkto`Ùka lukrue~A
rLekRlR;kReda jkT;a lR;s yksd% izfrf"Br%AA
(3) lR;L; opua lk/q u lR;kn~ fo|rs ije~A
lR;su fo/`ra lo± lo± lR;s izfrf"Bre~AA
(4) lR;ktZoa ija /eZekgq/ZeZfonks tu%A
nqtsZ;% 'kk'orks /eZ% l p lR;s izfrf"Br%AA
44 HkkLorh
(5) uklR;okfnu% l[;a iq.;a u ;'kks HkqfoA

n`';rs ukfi dY;k.ka dkyowQVfeok'ur%AA
(6) ^lR;izfr"Bk;ka fØ;kiQykJ;Roe~A* (;ksxn'kZue~ & 2@36)
(7) lR;L; uko% lqÑreihiju~A (ÍXosn%)
(8) ;% leqRifrra Øks/a {ke;So fujL;frA
;FkksjxLRopa th.kk± l oS iq#"k mP;rsAA
(okYehfdjkek;.ke~ & 5@53@6)
(9) vfgalkizfr"Bk;ka rRlfUu/kS oSjR;kx%A (;ksxn'kZue~] lk/uikn%)
(10) fujk'kh;ZrfpÙkkRek R;DrloZifjxzg%A
'kkjhja osQoya deZ oqQoZUukIuksfr fdfYo"ke~AA
(Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk&4@21)
lÄõhrkuqjkxh lqCc..k% 45
v"Ve% ikB%
lÄõhrkuqjkxh lqCc..k%
izLrqr ikB dUuM+ Hkk"kk osQ iz[;kr lkfgR;dkj êkfLr osÄ~dVs'k
vÕ;Ä~xkj fojfpr* lqCc..k 'kh"kZd miU;kl osQ laLÑr vuqokn ls
ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA
blosQ vuqoknd gksuk- osÄ~dVs'k 'kekZ gSaA bl miU;kl dk
uk;d lqCc..k ,d ikSjkf.kd 'kkL=kh dk iq=k gSA cpiu ls gh mldh
laxhr esa #fp gSA vkxs pydj og egku~ laxhrdkj curk gSA izLrqr
va'k esa mlosQ cpiu dh ,d ?kVuk of.kZr gSA
lqCc..kL; lÄõhrs ;% lgtkfHkyk"k% vklhr~] l ,dnk jktHkous
lao`Ùk;k lÄõR;k iqujf/oaQ n`<h cHkwoA ,dfLeu~ fnus iq=ks.k lkoaQ
iqjkf.kd'kkL=kh jktHkouesR; r=kkUr% iqjL=khtule{ks iqjk.k&
izopuekjHkek.k vknkS Loiq=ks.k 'kqDykEcjèkjfeR;kfnÜyksoQa
xki;keklA rPNªqRok r=kR;k% losZ i;ZuUnu~A vFkks fdf×pRdkykuUrja
r=k lekxrks jktk leqifo'; iqjk.kekd.kZ;fr LeA firq% ik'osZ
mifo"V% lqCc..k% iqjk.kizopua oqQrwgysu 'k`.oÂso eè;s egkjktefHk
lfoLe;a i';fr LeA egkjktL; lqUnja eq[ke~] eq[ks c`gfÙk&
ydkyÄkï j%] r=kkfi fo'kkyL; x.MLFkyL; 'kksHkkoga 'eJqowQpZe~
bR;kfn loZefi rL; foLe;dkj.keklhr~A jktkfi ra ckyoaQ
f}f=kokjefHkoh{; prqjks¿;a cky bR;eU;rA ,oeoflrs iqjk.ks
jktk 'kkfL=k.keqfí'; Hkks%] ,"k cky% HkoRoqQekj% fde~\ bR;i`PNr~A
vke~] egkizHkks] bfr 'kkL=kh izR;qokpA iqu% Le;iwoZda jktk ckya
lEcksè; v;s oRl] fda Hkokufi firòr~ iqjk.kizopua dfj";fr!
bfr i;Zi`PNr~A rnk l cky% & vga iqjk.kizopua u djksfeA
lÄõhra xk;kehfr O;kgjr~A rnk jktk&vg] rFkk uuqA rfgZ ,da xkua
46 HkkLorh
'k`.kqeLrkor~ bR;onr~A vuqineso lqCc..k% Jhjk?koa n'kjFkkRet&

feR;kfnÜYkksda lÄhõ rekxsZ.k vJko;r~ rnUrs iqu% l% dLrwjh&
frydfeR;kfnÜyksdks¿fi ee d.BLFkks¿LrhR;xnr~A
egkjktL; cgq lUrks"kks¿Hkor~A ,oa ifjrq"Vks jktk ikfjrksf"kdRosu
ckyk; lrkEcwyeqÙkjh;oL=ka nRok] gs oRl] Roa esèkkO;fl lq"Bq
lÄhõ ra f'kf{kRok lE;Xxkrqa Hkoku~ vH;L;rqA brks¿I;f/oaQ ikfjrksf"koaQ
Hkors o;a nkL;ke bfr ckydeqDRok iqu'p 'kkfL=k.keqfn`'` ; Hkks%
'kkfL=k.k% oqQekj% prqjks¿fLrA f'k{k.ka lE;o~Q fØ;rke~A izk;%
egkoqQ'kyks Hkfo";rhR;'kalr~A rnuUrja 'kkL=kh p iq=k'p Lox`gk;
laU;orsZrke~A
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
lÄõhrkuqjkxh & lÄõhr $ vuqjkxh lÄõhrs vuqjkx% ;L; l% (cgqohz fg
lú) lÄõhr esa vuqjkx j[kus okykA
vuqjkxh & vuqjkx $ f.kfu izsehA
lgtkfHkyk"k% & lgt $ vfHkyk"k% lgt% vfHkyk"k% (deZ/kj;
lú) LokHkkfodh bPNkA
lao`Ùk;k & la $ o`r~ $ Dr $ L=khfyax r`rh;k ,ú oú] gksus
okyhA
lÄõR;k & la $ xe~ $ fDru~ $ L=khú fyú r`rh;k ,dopu]
lÄõfr lsA
iqujf/de~ & iquj~ $ vf/de~ (la;ksx)] fiQj vf/dA
n`<hcHkwo & vn`<k n`<k cHkwo n`< $ fPo $ Hkw fyV~ ydkj izFke
iq#"k ,dopu] izcy gks x;hA
jktHkouesR; & jktHkoue~ $ ,R; (la-)] jktHkou esa vkdjA
,R; & vk$ b $ DRok >Y;i~_ vkdjA
r=kkUr%iqjL=khtule{ks & r=k $ vUr%iqjL=khtule{ks] vUr%iqj dh fL=k;ksa osQ
lkeusA
vUr%iqjL=khtu le{ks & vUr%iqjL=kh.kke~ le{ks "k"Bh rRiqú] vUr%iqj dh
fL=k;ksa osQ lEeq[kA
iqjk.kizopuekjHkek.k & iqjk.kizopue~ $ vkjHkek.k (la)

iqjk.kizopue~ & iqjk.kL; izopue~ "k"Bh rRiqú] iqjk.k dh dFkkA
vkjHkek.k & vk $ jHk~ $ 'kkup~] vkjaHk djrs gq,A
xki;kekl & xS $ f.kp~ $ fyV~ yú izFke iq#"k ,dopu] xok;kA
rPNªRq ok & rr~ $ JqRok] ;g lqudjA
r=kR;k% & r=k $ R;i~ izR;; iqaú izFkek foú cgqú oú] ogk¡
mifLFkrA
i;ZuUnu~ & ifj $ uUn~ $ yÄ~ ydkj izFke iq#"k cgqopu]
izlUu gq,A
fdf×pRdkykuUrje~ & df'pr~ dky% bfr fdf×pRdky% deZ/kj; lekl
rL; vuUrja "k"Bh rRiq#"k] oqQN le; i'pkr~A
lekxr% & le~ $ vk $ xe~ $ Dr iqaú izú foú] ,ú oú] vk;k
gqvkA
leqifo'; & le~ $ mi $ fo'k~ $ DRok >Y;i~ ikl cSBdjA
vkd.kZ;fr Le & Le osQ dkj.k yV~ydkjkFkZ Hkwrdky] lqu jgk FkkA
mifo"V% & mi $ fo'k~ $ Dr iqú izú foú ,ú oú] cSBk gqvkA
'k`.oUuso & 'k`.ou~ $ ,o lqurs gq, ghA
lfoLe;e~ & foLe;su lg vO;;hHkko lekl] vk'p;Z lfgrA
c`gfÙkydkyÄïkj% & c`gr~ fryde~ bfr c`gfÙkyde~ deZ/kj; lekl
c`gfÙkyde~ ,o vyÄïkj% ;L; l%] fo'kky fryd
/kj.k fd;s gq,A
x.MLFkyL; & diksy ;k xky dkA
'kksHkkoge~ & 'kksHkke~ vkogfr miú rRiqú] 'kksHkk nsus okykA
'eJqowQpZe~ & 'eJo% p owQp± p rs"kka lekgkj% lekgkj}U}] nk<+h
vkSj ew¡NA
jktkfi & jktk $ vfi] jktk HkhA
vfHkoh{; & vfHk $ fo $ bZ{k~ $ DRok >Y;i~] ns[kdjA
prqjks¿;e~ & prqj% $ v;e~] prqj ;gA
bR;eU;r & bfr $ veU;r] ,slk ekukA
voflrs & vo $ "kks $ Dr] lIreh foú ,ú oú] lekIr gksus
ijA
mfn~n'; & mr~ $ fn'k~ $ DRok Y;i~] y{; djosQA
HkoRoqQekj% & Hkor% oqQekj% "k"Bh rRiqú_ vkidk iq=kA
48 HkkLorh
bR;i`PNr~ & bfr $ vi`PNr~] ,slk iwNkA

izR;qokp & izfr $ mokp] izfr $ czw fyV~ ydkj izú iqú] ,ú
oú] dgkA
Le;iwoZde~ & Le;% iwoZa ;fLeu~ rr~ cgqú lú] eqLoqQjkrs gq,A
lEcksè; & le~ $ cqèk~ $ f.kp~ $ DRok >Y;i~] lEcksf/r
djosQA
i;Zi`PNr & ifj $ vi`PNr] iwNkA
xk;kehfr & xk;kfe $ bfr] xkrk gw¡A
O;kgjr~ & fo $ vk $ â $ yÄ~ izú iqú ,ú oú] dgkA
izxh; & iz $ xS $ DRok > Y;i~] xkdjA
rnUrs & rL; vUrs] "kú rRiqú] mlosQ vUr esaA
'yksdks¿fi & 'yksd% $ vfi] 'yksd HkhA
d.BLFk% & d.Bs fr"Bfr] miin rRiq] Lej.kA
vxnr~ & xn~ $ yÄ~ yú izú iqú ,ú oú] cksykA
lUrks"kks¿Hkor~ & lUrks"k% $ vHkor~] lUrks"k gqvkA
ifjrq"V% & ifj $ rq"k~ $ Dr_ iqa izú foú] ,ú oú] lUrq"V
gqvkA
lrkEcwye~ & rkEcwysu lfgre~] cgqozhfg lú] (rkEcwysu lg
orZekue~)] iku lfgrA
es/kO;fl & es/koh $ vfl] cqf¼eku~ gksA
lE;Xxkrqe~ & lE;d~ $ xkrqe~] vPNh rjg xkus osQ fy,A
vH;L;rq & vfHk $ vl~ (fnokfnx.k) yksV~ yú] izú] iqú] ,ú
oú] vH;kl djksA
brks¿I;f/de~ & br% $ vfi $ vf/de~] blls Hkh vf/dA
mDRok & czw $ DRok] cksydjA
iqu'p & iqu% $ p] vkSj fiQjA
fØ;rke~ & Ñ $ deZú yksV~ ydkj izú iqú] ,ú oúA
Hkfo";rhR;'kalr~ & Hkfo";fr $ bfr $ v'kalr~] gksxk ,slk dgkA
v'kalr~ & 'kal~ $ yÄ~ izú iqú ,ú oú] dgkA
rnuUrje~ & rLekr~ vuUrje~ i×peh rRiqú] blosQ cknA
laU;orsZrke~ & le~ $ fu $ o`r~ % yÄ~ izú iqú f}ú oú] ykSV x,A
vH;kl%
1- laLÑrsu mÙkja nh;rke~
(d) lqCc..kL; lgtkfHkyk"k% dfLeu~ vklhr~\
([k) iqjkf.kd'kkL=kh osQu lg jktHkoue~ vxPNr~\
(x) iqjkf.kd'kkL=kh Loiq=ks.k ¯d xki;kekl\
(?k) iqjk.kizopua Ük`.ou~ lqCc..k% egkjkta dFka i';fr Le\
(Ä) egkjktL; foLe;dkj.ka fde~ vklhr~\
(p) jktk ckya dfr okje~ vi';r~\
(N) jktk ckya fde~ vi`PNr~\
(t) l cky% jktkua ¯d O;kgjr~\
(>) ifjrq"V% jktk ckyk; fde~ v;PNr~\
(×k) jkK% dFkukuUrja 'kkL=kh rRiqq=k% p oqQ=k vxPNrke~\
2- js[kkfÄïrkfu inkfu vkfJR; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r
(d) lqCc..kL; lÄõhrs¿fHkyk"k% jktHkous lao`Ùk;k lÄõR;k n`<hcHkwoA
([k) rPNªqRok r=kR;k% losZ i;ZuUnu~A
(x) lekxrks jktk iqjk.ke~ vkd.kZ;fr Le!
(?k) lqCc..kL; firq% ik'osZ egkjkta lfoLe;a i';fr LeA
(Ä) egkjktL; eq[ks frydkyÄïkj% vklhr~A
(p) jktk ckyk; lrkEcwye~ mÙkjh;oL=ke~ v;PNr~A
3- fo'ks";S% lg fo'ks"k.kkfu la;ksT; esy;r
fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";
lao`Ùk;k 'eJqowQpZe~
lekxr% 'yksd%
lfoLe;e~ eq[ke~
lqUnje~ x.MLFkyL;
fo'kkyL; lÄõR;k
d.BLFk% egkjkte~
'kksHkkoge~ jktkA
4- vk'k;a Li"VhoqQ#r
(d) vga iqjk.kizopua u djksfeA lÄõhra xk;kfeA
([k) Roa es/koh vfl lq"Bq lÄhõ ra f'kf{kRok lE;d~ xkraq Hkoku~ vH;L;rA
50 HkkLorh
5- dks"Bd'kCnS% lg foHkfDra iz;qT; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r

(d) -------------------------- fnus iqjkf.kd'kkL=kh jktHkoue~ vxPNr~ (,d)
([k) --------------- ik'osZ mifo"V% lqCc..k% egkjkta lfoLe;a i';fr LeA
(fir`)
(x) jktk -------------------------- lEcksè; i;Zi`PNr~A (cky)
(?k) Roa -------------------------- vflA (es?kkfou~)
(Ä) ikfjrksf"koaQ -------------------------- o;a nkL;ke% (Hkor~)
6- vFk± fyf[kRok laLÑrokD;s"kq iz;ksxa oqQ#r
lkde~] ik'osZ] i=k] lq"Bq] lE;d~] iqu%A
7- ikBkr~ foykseinkfu fpRok fy[kr
vkxR;] v=kR;k%] ijkxr%] nwj]s mnrjr~] izkjC/s] dnk] ew[kZ%] vlUrks"k%] vYie~A
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
1- dLrwjh fryda yykViVys o{k%LFkysdkSLrqHke~A
uklkxzs ojekSfDrda djrys os.kq% djs dÄï.ke~AA
lokZÄõs gfjpUnua lqyfyra d.Bs p eqDrkoyhA
xksiL=khifjosf"Vrks fot;rs xksikypwMkef.k%AA
vfLeu~ ikBs mfYyf[krL; vL; 'YkksdL; lLoja xk;uL; vH;kl% dj.kh;%A
2- vfLeu~ ikBs jkK% pfj=ks rsu o`Qrs lqCc..kL; lRdkjs foaQ oSf'k"V~;e~ bfr
vfUoPNrA
uoe% ikB%
oL=kfoØ;%
izLrqr ikB egkegksikè;k; ia- eFkqjkizlkn nhf{kro`Qr ¶Hkkjr&
fot;ukVde~¸ osQ izFkekÄ~d ls laoQfyr gSA vfXu ls tyh gqbZ
'kkgtgk¡ dh oqQekjh dh vks"kf/&fpfdRlk djus osQ i'pkr~ fons'kh
(vaxzst) Hkkjr lezkV~ ('kkgtgk¡) ls caxky esa fuokl osQ fy, Hkwfe
rFkk oL=kksa osQ Ø; vkSj foØ; osQ fy, jkteqnzkfÄ~dr izek.k&i=k izkIr
dj ysrk gSA Hkkjrh; tqykgs LofufeZr oL=kksa dks cspus osQ fy, cktkj
esa mifLFkr gksrs gSAa ogk¡ oL=k O;kikfj;ksa osQ lkFk tqykgksa dk oL=k&foØ;
gsrq okrkZyki gksrk gSA mlh le; fons'kh xkSjkÄ~x dk izos'k gksrk gSA
mlosQ gkFk esa jktdh; eqnzk ls vafdr izek.ki=k gSA og izek.ki=k
fn[kkdj cgqr de ewY; nsdj oL=k [kjhn ysrk gSA og tqykgksa dks csar
ls ihVrk gS vkSj muosQ }kjk fufeZr lHkh oL=k Lo;a dks nsus dk funsZ'k
nsrk gSA ;gh izlax bl ikB esa of.kZr gSA
(rr% izfo'kfUr iVa foØsraq Øsraq p df'pRrUrqok;% Jsf"BukS p)

Js"Bh & rUrqok;! fdeL; iVL; ewY;e~\
rUrqok;% & foa'kR;f/da 'kre~A
Js"Bh & ufg]ufg] fdf×pnf/desrr~A 'kra ewY;a x`g~.kh"o
(rr% izfo'kfr lkuqpjks oSnsf'kdks xkSjkÄ~x%A l
jkteqnzkfÄïrizek.ki=ka n'kZf;Rok Jsf"BukS rUrqok;×p
HkRlZ;frA)
oSúxkSjkÄõ% & rUrqok;! i'; jkteqnzkfÄ~dra izek.ki=ke~A u Roa
foØsrqa izHkq%A
52 HkkLorh
rUrqok;% & rfgZ fdegesua iVa oqQ;kZe~\

oSúxkSjkÄ%õ & bea iVa eáa nsfg] vgesua iVa foØs";s] x`g~.kh"o
bek% i×p'kUeqnzk%A (bfr i×pk'kUeqnzk nnkfr)A
rUrqok;% & (lk'p;Zfeo i';u~) fdfena fo/h;rs\ dFkesrsu
ee oqQVqEcL; Hkj.kiks"k.ks Hkfo";r%A "kfM~HkekZlS%
dFkefi jkf=kfUnoa ifjJE; fu"ikfnrks¿;a iV%A
oSúxkSjkÄ%õ & bek eqnzk x`Êh"o] ukga fdefi tkukfeA ekSuekLLo]
xPNA vij×p iVa fuekZ; eRlehi ,oku;A
;q"eRoqQVqEcj{kk;S u izfrKk Ñrk e;kA dFka j{kk
Hkosnsrr~ Roa tkuhfg oztkèkqukAA
(l eqnkz u x`Êkfr vFkkijLrUrqok;% iVfoØ;kFk± izfo';
iVØ;kFk± Jsf"Buaa y{k;frA)
oL=kfoØ;% 53
rUrqok;% & Jsf"Bu~A x`gk.k iVe~A

Js"Bh & (HkzwlaK;k) v;a Øs";frA ukga Øsraq 'kDuksfeA
rUrqok;% & dLekr~\
Js"Bh & vL; lehis jkK% izek.ki=ke~ v;eso Øs";fr]
ukij%A
oSúxkSjkÄõ% & br vkxPNA (rUrqok;ekg~o;fr] izek.ki=ka n'kZZ;frA
iVa x`Êkfr) x`gk.ksek'pRokfja'kUeqnzk%A (bfr eqnkz
nnkfrA)
rUrqok;% & egkjkt! fdfena fo/h;rs\ fde;eso U;k;%\
oSúxkSjkÄõ% & xPN xPNA ukga U;k;eU;k;a ok tkukfeA ;Ue;k
fu'ph;rs nh;rs p rnso ewY;e~A (mHkkS rn~nÙka
ewY;a x`g~.khr%A)
mHkkSS rUrqok;kS & ukr% ija iVa fuekZL;ko% (bR;qDRok xPNr%)
oSúxkSjkÄõ% & (vuqpjeqfn~n';) i';A ,rkH;ka càheqZnzk xzgh";sA
vfuoZpuh;e~ ,rRiV;ks% lkSUn;Ze~A vfr&
lw{erjks¿;a iV% A i';] ,rL; i×Pk"kS% iVyS%
ifjosf"VreI;iVeso & izrh;rs¿Ä~xe~A vk%
dFkesrRle{keLen~ns'kh;kuka iVkuka foØ;ks
Hkfo";fr] bfr greLen~ns'kh;a okf.kT;e~A
(iqufoZfpUR;)
,rRlw{eiVL; fufeZfrfo/ss#Uewyus¿ga {keks
fuekZr`fug n.MrkMuijLrku~ ekspf;";kE;r%A
dkS'kY;a fß;rkeèkLrnf/da okf.kT;eR;qUura
ns'kL;kL; leqUufrtZudFkkek=ks lek/h;rke~AA
nkSokfjd% & (izfo';) t;rq t;rq nso%A
oSúxkSjkÄõ% & nkSokfjd! lRoja f=kprqjkaLrUrqok;ku~ leku;A
nkSokfjd% & ;n~nso vkKki;frA (cfgxZRok =khu~ rUrqok;ku~
lekuh; izfo'kfrA)
54 HkkLorh
oSúxkSjkÄõ% & (rUrqok;kuqfn~n';) Hkks Hkks! ;w;a fufeZrku~ iVku~ eg~;a

nÙkA
rUrqok;k% & u o;e;ksX;ewY;Rokr~ iVa fuekZe%A
oSúxkSjkÄõ% & vLrq 'kksHkua iVa fuekZ; eáa nRr] ;ksX;a ewY;a
Hkfo";frA x`gk.k bek% eqnkz % (bfr i×Pkn'keqnkz nnkfr]
rs u x`g~.kfUr] gBkÙks"kka olus fucè; xygLrsu
fu"dk'k;fr)A
rUrqok;k% & (}kfj fLFkrk%) egkjkt! u o;a 'krewY;a iVa
i×pn'kfHkjso eqnzkfHk£uekZL;ke%A
oSúxkSjkÄõ% & (lk{ksie~) d bes dksykgya oqQoZfUr (}kfj xRok
lke"kZZe~] d'k;k rkaLrkM;frA) xPNr vija 'kksHkua
iVa fuekZ; leku;r (eqnzk% izf{kI; rs xPNfUrA)
oSúxkSjkÄõ% & (vuqpjeqfn~n';) Hkks!Hkks! vijkafL=kprqjkaLrUrq&
ok;kuku;rA (l fuxZR; prqjLrUrqok;kukuh;) egkjkt!
,rs lekxrk%A
oSúxkSjkÄõ% & (rUrqok;kufHky{;) fufeZrku~ dkS'kss;iVku~ eáa nÙkA
rUrqok;k% & u o;a iVkfUuekZe%A
oSúxkSjkÄõ% & feF;Srr~A ;w;a iVkfUuekZ; Jsf"Buka lfoèks
foØh.khèos A (lokZu~ d'k;k rkMf;raq HkRlZ;fr)
losZ & u o;a fuekZe%A (bfr c¼gLriqVk% dEiUrsA)
(fu"ØkUrk% losZ)
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
rUrqok;% & tqykgkA
oSnsf'kd% & fons'khA
HkRlZ;fr & HkRlZ~ $ yV~ izFke iq:"k ,dopu] Mk¡Vrk gSA
jkf=kafnoe~ & fnu jkrA
Js"Bh & lsBA
y{k;fr & fn[kykrk gSA
oL=kfoØ;% 55
vfuoZpuh;e~ & vo.kZuh; (ftldk o.kZu djuk lEHko ugha gSA)

i×p"kS% iVyS% & ik¡p N% ijrksa lsA
ifjosf"Vre~ & <dk gqvkA
lw{eiVL; & eghu oL=k osQA
fufeZfrfof/% & fuekZ.k dh jhfrA
dkS'kY;e~ & fuiq.krkA
v;ksX;ewY;Rokr~ & vuqfpr dher osQ dkj.kA
gBkr~ & cyiwoZdA
dksykgye~ & 'kksjA
d'k;k & dksM+s lsA
dkS'ks;iVku~ & js'keh oL=kkssa dksA
foØh.khèos & fo $ Øh $ yV~ eú iqú cgqopu] csprs gksA
vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqRrjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k ns;kfu
(d) v;a ikB% dLekr~ xzUFkkr~ lÄïfyr%] d'p rL; iz.ksrk\
([k) oSnsf'kdks xkSjkÄ~x% ¯d lan';Z Jsf"BukS rUrqok;×p HkRlZ;fr\
(x) rUrqok;su dFka iV% fu"ikfnr%\
(?k) ;Ue;k fu'ph;rs nh;rs p rnso ewY;fefr dFkua dL;kfLr\
(Ä) rUrqok;k% dhn`'kL; iVL; fuekZ.keoqQoZu~\
(p) ;w;a fufeZrku~ iVku~ eáa nRr bfr d% dku~ izfr dFk;fr\
(N) xkSjkÄ~x% rUrqok;ku~ dFka fu"dk'k;fr\
(t) oSnsf'kdks xkSjkÄ~x% rUrqok;ku~ d;k rkMf;raq HkRlZ;fr\
(d) dFkesrsu ee oqQVqEcL; ------------------------ Hkfo";r%A
([k) vfuoZpuh;e~ ------------------------ lkSUn;Ze~A
(x) dFkesrRle{keLen~ns'kh;kuka ------------------------ foØ;ks Hkfo";frA
(?k) 'kksHkua iVa fuekZ; eg~;a ------------------------ ;ksX;a ------------------------ Hkfo";frA
(Ä) ;w;a iVku~ fuekZ; ------------------------ lfo/s foØh.khèosA
56 HkkLorh
3- lizlÄaõ O;k[;k;Urke~
(d) ;q"eRoqQVqEcj{kk;S ------------------------ tkuhfg oztk/qukA
([k) vfuoZpuh;esrRiV;ks% lkSUn;Ze~A vfrlw{erjks¿;a iV%A i';] ,rL;
i×p"kS% iVyS% ifjosf"VreI;iVeso izrh;rs¿Ä~xe~A
(x) u o;e;ksX;ewY;Rokr~ iVa fuekZe%A
4- lfUèkfoPNsn% fØ;rke~
foa'kR;f/de~] eqnzkfÄ~dre~] fo/s#Uewyue~] ekspf;";kE;r%] lke"kZe~] feF;Srr~A
5- ^,rRlw{eiVL;sfr* 'yksdL; Loekr`Hkk"k;k vuqokn% dk;Z%
6- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq /krqa izR;;a p i`FkDÑR; fy[kr
foØsrqe~] vfuoZpuh;e~] fofpUR;] xRok] fucè;] fuekZ;] vfHky{;A
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
vfXunX/k;k% 'kkgtgk¡oqQekfjdk;k% fpfdRlk xsofj;yokmQVusu fofgrkA osQ"kkf×pr~

,sfráfonka erkuqlkja lRFkkelegksn;su fofgrkA vuUrjekjksX;a tkre~A iqucZÄõkf/irs%
'kkgtknkjktoqQekj'kqTtkiRU;k vfi fpfdRlk vusuSo o`Qrk] vkjksX;a p izkIre~A iqu%
iQ#[kf'k;jlezkt vkjksX;a ltZufofy;egsfeYVu}kjk tkre~A
;n~Hkwrfgra rRlR;e~ 57
n'ke% ikB%
;n~Hkwrfgra rRlR;e~
izLrqr dFkk fo'oizfl¼ laLÑr dFkkdkj vkpk;Z osQ'kopUnz nk'k
fyf[kr dFkklaxzg ls ladfyr dh x;h gSA Hkkjro"kZ esa izkphu dky ls
gh nknk&nknh vkSj ukuk&ukuh dh dgkfu;k¡ izpfyr gSaA ijEijkxr :i
esa fy[kh gqbZ ;s dFkk,¡ ckyikBdksa osQ ekufld laLdkj dks cuk;s j[kus
esa l{ke gSaA
izLrqr dFkk esa ml lR; dh okLrfod lR;rk izekf.kr dh x;h
gS tks lnSo fo'o osQ fy, Js;Ldj gksA
,dfLeu~ xzkeksikUrs ifÁuh ukEuh ,dk iq"dfj.kh vklhr~A r=k
xzkeL; tuk% Lukua oqQoZfUrA olua {kky;fUrA rL;k ,o tyekuh;
ficfUr] ikdkfndeZ p oqQoZfUrA r=kSo xkses"kPNkxknhuka Lukuefi
lEikn;fUrA iq"dfj.kha ifjr% ukuk o`{kk% lfUrA osQpu o`{kk%
rVlayXuk'p oÙkZUrsA iq"dfj.;k% vijHkkxs ,d% vkJe% vfLrA
r=k ,dks eqfu% fuolfrA lks¿fi riZ.kkfnoaQ deZ r=k djksfrA l%
tuku~ vuqu;frA okja okjefi mifn'kfrA ija u dks¿fi rL; opua
'k`.kksfrA
,dnk eqfu% fpUrkeXu%& osQu izdkjs.k bes tuk% cksèkf;rO;k%\
iq"dfj.khr% iÄïks¼kjks u HkofrA izfrfnua p tya iznwf"kra HkofrA
rr~ iznwf"kra tya ihRok tuk vfi #X.kk HkofUrA dFka p bes
okj.kh;k%---\
lglk dksykgy%Jqr%A eqfu% cfgjkxR; vi';r~A osQpu tuk
,da ckyda rkM;fUrA ra p HkRlZ;fUrA ckyd% Hk;su dEirs
ØUnfr pA eqfu% r=k mifLFkr%A tuku~ okjf;Rok vi`PNr~A fde~
58 HkkLorh
vHkor~\ fdeFk± HkoUr% ,ua rkM;fUr\ tuk% vonu~A ,"k feF;koknhA

lnSo feF;kHkk"k.ka djksfrA o`Fkk lokZu~ izrkj;frA l|% vLeku~
izrkfjroku~A
eqfu% ckyde~ vi`PNr~A
vjs! lR;a u onfl\
ckyd% dfEird.Bsu vonr~A
lR;a fde~\
eqfu% rek'okflroku~A
& u tkukfl\ rfgZ e;k lg vkxPNrqA
,oe~ mDRok rL; dja /`Rok eqfu% vkJea izfr ckyde~ vkuhroku~A
eqfu% vfpUr;r~ & v;eso leqfpr% le;%A vfLeÂoljs xzkE;tuk%
vo';a f'k{kf;rO;k%A rr% eqfu% ckydei`PNr~A
& ¯d ro uke\
& ukEuk¿ga Ñ".k%A
& Hkorq] osQu izdkjs.k feF;k dFk;fl\
& ;FksPNa onkfeA
& rfgZ beka iq"dfj.kha n`"V~ok fdefi dFk;A
ckyd% Ñ".k% izlUu% l×tkr%A lg"k± p vo.kZ;r~&
tys¿fLeu~ ,dks egku~ eRL;% vfLrA Hkks%! tuk%
vkxPNr ------------------- i';r ----------------] dhn`'ka l% [ksyfrA
eqfu% vonr~ % lk/q ---------------- lE;d~ fpfUrre~A rfgZ 'o%
izHkkrs xzkE;tuku~ lk/q ,rkon~ onA
Ñ".k% fdf×pr~ oqQf.Brks¿Hkor~A
& ufg] rs eka rkMf;";fUrA
& vjs] ufg ----------------A vuUrja ekeso lk{khdfj";flA
vijizHkkrs Ñ".k% xzkeL; izfrekx± tuku~ vonr~&iq"dfj.;ke~
,dks egku~ eRL;ks e;k n`"V%A
osQpu vonu~&
& vjs] Roa feF;koknhA ro opus dks fo'okl%\
rr~ {k.ka Ñ".k% mDroku~A
rnkuha e;k lg eqfu% vklhr~A lks¿fi n`"Voku~A vkxPN ----------r=k
i`PN -----------------------A
eqfua lkf{k:is.k LohÑR; xzkE;tuk% vijfnus eRL;kUos"k.ka ÑroUr%A
vUrr% losZ fefyRok iq"dfj.kha izfo"Vk%A eRL;ku~ p /`roUr%A
fdUrq egkeRL;L; lU/kua u izkIre~A fnuiw.k± rs vfUo"VoUr%A
lk;adkys furjka fojDrk% vHkou~A eqfueqixE; ljks"keonu~&
& ¯d Hkokufi vLeku~ izrkj;fr\
eqfu% /hjHkkosu vonr~A
& vjs ! egkeRL;% ¯d
ljyr;k /rq± 'kD;rs\!
rnFk± Je% vko';d%A 'o%
izHkkrs cU/PNsna ÑRok tya
fu"dkl;rA
rnzk=kkS xzkE;tukuka us=k;ks%
funzk ukfLrA rs izkrjkxR;
iz F ker% rVofrZ o ` { kk.kka
Nsnua ÑroUr%A cU/PNsna
ÑRok tya p cfg"ÑroUr%A
,oa izdkjs.k dfr fnukfu
O;rhrkfuA rr% iÄïks¼kja
ÑRok iq " dfj.kh xHkhjka
ÑroUr%A iÄaï p vkuh;
'kL;{ks=ks izlkfjroUr% & bRFka funk?kdky% mixr%A lglk o`f"VjHkor~A
iq"dfj.kh p iw.kkZ latkrkA fueZya tya n`"V~ok losZ izlUuk% vHkou~A
rVkuka ifj"dj.ksu loZ=k lkSfoè;euqHkwre~A
60 HkkLorh
& br% ;fn df'pr~ tya nw"kf;";fr l% n.M~;ks Hkfo";frA

,dnk eqfu% ,dfLeu~ rVs Ñ".ka n`"V~ok vkdkfjroku~A re~ vkJe&
ekuh; vi`PNr~A
& vjs] Ñ".k! lR;a ¯d Kkra u ok\
& u Kkre~A
& vjs! lR;dFkusu osQoya lR;a u HkofrA ;r~ dY;k.kdja opua
rnfi lR;e~A
& firkegh iqyksetkecks/;r~A vr ,o vLekoaQ 'kkL=ks orZrs&
lR;L; opua Js;% lR;knfi fgra Hkosr~A
;n~HkwrfgreR;Uresrr~ lR;a era eeAA
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
xzkeksikUrs & xzkeL; mikUrs] xk¡o osQ iklA
iq"dfj.kh & L=khú izFkek ,ú oú] ckoM+hA
rL;k ,o & rL;k% $ ,o] mlls ghA
r=kSo & r=k $ ,o] oghaA
xkses"kPNkxknhuke~ & xkses"k $ Nkx $ vknhuke~] xk;] HksM+] cdjh vkfn osQA
rVlayXuk'p & rVlayXuk% $ p] fdukjs osQ lkFk yxs gq,A
lks¿fi & l% $ vfi] og HkhA
fpUrkeXu% & fpUrk;ka eXu% lIreh rRiqú fpUrk esa Mwck gqvkA
cks/f;rO;k% & cq/~ $ f.kp~ $ rO;r~A iqa- iz- fo- cgq- o-] le>k;k
tk;sA
iÄïks¼kj% & iÄïL; m¼kj%] "k"Bh rRiqú dhpM+ dks fudkyukA
iznwf"kre~ & iz $ nw"k~ $ f.kp~ $ Dr] uiqaú] izú foú] ,ú oú] xUnk
fd;k gqvkA
izfrfnue~ & fnua fnua izfr] vO;;hHkko lekl izfrfnuA
okj.kh;k% & o` $ f.kp~ $ vuh;j~] iqú izú foú cgqú oú] jksdk
tk;sA
cfgjkxR; & cfg% $ vkxR;] ckgj vkdjA
vkxR; & vk $ xe~ $ DRok >Y;i~] vkdjA

HkRlZ;fUr & HkRl~Z & yV~ yú] izú iqú cgqú oú] Mk¡Vrs gSaA
mifLFkr% & mi $ LFkk $ Dr] iqaú izú foú ,ú oú] vk;k gSA
okjf;Rok & o` $ f.kp~ $ DRok >Y;i~ jksddjA
lnSo & lnk $ ,o] lnSoA
l|% & 'kh?kz (vO;;)A
izrkfjroku~ & iz $ r` $ f.kp~ $ Drorq] BxkA
dfEird.Bsu & dfEir% d.B% ;L; l% rsu] cgqú lú] Mjs Loj lsA
vk'okflroku~ & vk $ 'ol~ $ f.kp~ $ Drorq iqaú izú foú ,ú oú]
vk'oklu fn;kA
vfLeUuoljs & vfLeu~ $ voljs] bl volj ijA
xzkE;tuk% & xzkE;k% tuk%] deZ/kj;] xk¡o osQ yksxA
f'k{kf;rO;k & f'k{k~ $ f.kp~ $ rO;r~A iqaú izú foú cgq oú] f'kf{kr
fd;s tkus pkfg,A
ukEuk¿ge~ & ukEuk $ vge~] uke ls eSaA
;FksPNe~ & bPNke~ vufrØE;] vO;;hHkko] bPNk osQ vuqlkjA
n`"V~ok & n`'k~ $ DRok] ns[kdjA
l×tkr% & le~ $ tu~ $ Drú iqaú izú foú] ,ú oú] gks x;kA
tys¿fLeu~ & tys $ vfLeu~ bl ikuh esaA
lg"kZe~ & g"ksZ.k lg] vO;;hHkko lú [kq'k gksdjA
oqQf.Brks¿Hkor~ & oqQf.Br% $ vHkor~ nq%[kh gqvkA
lk{khdfj";fl & vlkf{k.ka lkf{k.ka dfj";flA lkf{ku~ $ fPo $ Ñ $
y`V~ eè;e iqú ,ú oú] lk{kkr~ djksxsA
izfrekxZe~ & ekx± ekx± izfr] vO;;hHkko] izR;sd ekxZ esaA
vH;kl%
1- vèkksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqRrjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k ns;kfu
(d) vL;k% dFkk;k% ys[kd% d% vfLr\
([k) iq"dfj.;k% uke fdeklhr~\
62 HkkLorh
(x) eqfu% oSQ% dkj.kS% fpfUrr% vklhr~\

(?k) eqfu% tuku~ fde~ vi`PNr~\
(Ä) ckyd% Ñ".k% iq"dfj.;k% fo"k;ss fde~ vdFk;r~\
(p) egkeRL;L; lUèkkue~ oqQ=k u izkIre~\
(N) okLrfode~ lR;e~ fdefLr\
2- ekr`Hkk"k;k HkkokFk± fy[kr
(d) iq"dfj.khr% iÄïks¼kjks u HkofrA
([k) xzkE;tuk% ty'kksèkukFkZe~ vo';a f'k{kf;rO;k%A
3- ekr`Hkk"k;k vk'k;a Li"VhoqQ#r
¶lR;L; opua Js;% lR;knfi fgra Hkosr~A
;n~HkwrfgreR;Uresrr~ lR;a era eeAA¸
4- vèkksfyf[krkuka 'kCnkuka inifjp;a fy[kr
vkuh;] vlarq"V%] okjf;Rok] izrkfjorku~] lE;d~] vklhr~] izlUuk%] Js;%]
ifj"dj.ke~] izFker%A
(d) iq"dfj.khe~ ------------------------ ukuk o`{kk% lfUrA
([k) osQu izdkjs.k ------------------------ cks/f;rO;k%A
(x) iznwf"kra tya ------------------------ tuk% vfi #X.kk% HkofUrA
(?k) tys¿fLeu~ ------------------------ vfLrA
(Ä) 'o% izHkkrs ------------------------ ÑRok tya fu"dkl;rA
6- lfU/PNsna oqQ#r
r=kSo] lks¿fi] iÄïks¼kj%] vfLeUuoljs] ;FksPNe~] rnzk=kkSA
7- lfoxzga lekluke fy[kr
rVlayXuk%] vlarq"V%] feF;koknh] dfEird.Bsu] xzkE;tuku~] cUèkPNsne~]
fueZye~A
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
lekukUrjlwDr;%
(1) lR;a uke euksokDdk;deZfHk% HkwrfgrkFkZefHkHkk"k.ke~A
('kkf.MY;ksifu"kn~)
(2) vuqn~osxdja okD;a lR;a fiz;fgra p ;r~A
Lokè;k;kH;lua pSo okÄ~e;a ri mP;rsAA (Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk 17@15)
(3) lR;a p ¯d Hkwrfgra lnSoA ('kÄjï kpk;Ziz'uksÙkjh&22)
(4) lR;L; opua Js;% lR;knfi fgra onsr~A
;n~HkwrfgreR;Ura rRlR;fefr dF;rsAA (O;k[;kuekyk 4@9)
(5) ukfLr lR;leks /eksZ u lR;kf}|rs ije~A
u fg rhozrja fdf×pn~ vu`rkfng fo|rsAA (O;k[;kuekyk 4@2)
ifjf'k"V
vuq'kaflr xzUFk
ozQ-la- xzUFkuke ys[kd laiknd@izdk'kd
1- ½Xosn ---------- la- iz- ,u- ,l- lksuVDosQ] oSfnd
la'kks/u e.My] iwuk & 2
2- ;tqosZn mOoVeghèkjHkk"; pkS[kEck izdk'ku] okjk.klh] 1912
3- vFkoZosn ---------- lkroysdj ikjMh] 1957
4- jkek;.k okYehfd ukx ifCy'klZ fnYyh 1990 iqueqZfnzr
laLdj.k
5- i×pjk=k Hkkl HkklukVdpozQe~] la- lh- vkj- nsoèkj]
vksfj,.Vy cqd ,tsUlh] iwuk & 1954
6- egkHkk"; iratfy pk#nso 'kkL=kh] eksrhyky cukjlhnkl]
caxyksjksM] fnYyh & 7
7- tkrdekyk vk;Z'kwj lw;uZ kjk;.k pkS/jh] eksrhyky cukjlhnkl]
fnYyh & 1971
8- e`PNdfVd 'kwnzd fu.kZ;lkxj izsl] eqEcbZA
9- fgrksins'k ukjk;.k'kekZ eksrhyky cukjlhnkl] fnYyh & 7
10- pjd lafgrk pjd pkS[kEck laLÑr laLFkku] okjk.klhA
11- n'koqQekjpfjr n.Mh Jhfo'oukFk >k] eksrhyky cukjlhnkl]
fnYYkh & 7
12- dFkklfjRlkxj lksenso eksrhyky cukjlhnkl] fnYyh & 7
13- laLÑr ukVd ,- ch- dhFk mn;Hkkuq flag] (fgUnh vuqokn)
eksrhyky cukjlhnkl] fnYyh & 7
14- laLÑr lkfgR; cynso mikè;k; 'kkjnk eafnj] okjk.klhA
dk bfrgkl
;n~Hkwrfgra rRlR;e~
ifjf'k"V 65
15- oSfnd lkfgR; cynso mik?;k; 'kkjnk eafnj] okjk.klhA

vkSj laLÑfr
16- egkHkkjr O;kl eksrhyky cukjlhnkl fnYyhA
17- vfHkKku& dkfynkl eksrhyky cukjlhnkl] fnYyhA
'kkdqUrye~
18- dknEcjh ck.kHkêð eksrhyky cukjlhnkl] fnYyh & 7
19- lR;kxzgxhrk {kekjko if.Mrk pkS[kEck izdk'ku] okjk.klhA
20- Hkkjrfot; eFkqjkizlkn eksrhyky cukjlhnkl fnYyh & 7
ukVde~ nhf{kr
21- e`PNdfVd 'kwnzd fgUnh vuqokn eksgujkds'k] jktdey
izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh] 1962
22- dFkklfjRlkxj 'kwnzd fgUnh:ikUrj izks- jk/k oYyHk f=kikBh]
us'kuy cqd VªLV] ubZ fnYyhA
fo"k;kuqØef.kdk
i`"BkÄïk%
iqjksoko~Q iii
Hkwfedk vii
izFke% ikB% osnke`re~ 1
f}rh;% ikB% ½rqfp=k.ke~ 6
r`rh;% ikB% ijksidkjk; lrka foHkwr;% 13
prqFkZ% ikB% ekuks fg egrka /ue~ 20
i×pe% ikB% lkSo.kZ'kdfVdk 25
"k"B% ikB% vkgkjfopkj% 31
lIre% ikB% lUrfrizcks/ue~ 36
v"Ve% ikB% n;kohj&dFkk 43
uoe% ikB% foKkuukSdk 50
n'ke% ikB% dUFkkekf.kD;e~ 56
,dkn'k% ikB% bZ'k% oqQ=kkfLr 68
}kn'k% ikB% xkfU/u% laLej.ke~ 73
ifjf'k"V
1- NUn 78
2- vyÄïkj 82
3- vuq'kaflr xzUFk 86
izFke% ikB%
osnker` e~
Hkkjrh; oSfnd okÄ~e; laiw.kZ fo'o dk izkphure okÄ~e; gksus osQ lkFk
euq"; dh var'psruk ls iwQVh mnkÙk dfork dk Hkh izFke fun'kZu gSA
oSfnd dkO; esa fo'o'kkfUr] fo'ocU/qRo] yksdrkfU=kd ewY;] fuHkZ;rk
rFkk jk"Vªizse dk lUns'k Hkjk iM+k gS tks vkt osQ okrkoj.k esa igys ls
Hkh vf/d izklafxd izrhr gksrk gSA
izLrqr ikB esa oSfnd dkO; dk ve`rrRo ½Xosn] ;tqoZsn rFkk
vFkoZosn ls ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA bu dforkvksa esa vR;Ur mnkRr ,oa
vuqdj.kh; vkn'kZ fo|eku gSA
lÄ~xPNèoa la onèoa la oks eukafl tkurke~A

nsok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwoZs l×tkukuk miklrsAA1AA (½- 10&191&2)
lekuh o vkowQfr% lekuk ân;kfu o%A

lekueLrq oks euks ;Fkk o% lqlgklfrAA2AA (½- 10&191&4)
e/q okrk ½rk;rs e/q {kjfUr flU/o%A

ekèohuZ% lURoks"k/h%AA3AA (½- 1&90&7)
;Ttkxzrks nwjeqnSfr nSoa

rnq lqIrL; rFkSoSfrA
nwjÄ~xe×T;ksfr"kka T;ksfrjsoQa
rUes eu% f'kolÄ~dYieLrqAA4AA (;tq- 34-1)
2 'kk'orh
rPp{kqnZsofgra iqjLrkPNqØeqPpjr~
i';se 'kjn% 'kra those 'kjn% 'kre~A
Ük`.kq;ke 'kjn% 'kra izczoke 'kjn% 'kre~
vnhuk% L;ke 'kjn% 'kra Hkw;'p 'kjn% 'krkr~AA5AA
(;tq- 36&24)
tua fcHkzrh cgq/k fookple~
ukuk/ekZ.ka i`fFkoh ;FkkSdle~A
lgÏa /kjk nzfo.kL; es nqgka
/zqoso /suqjuqiLiQqjUrhAA6AA (vFkoZosn% i`fFkohlwDre~ 12-1-45)
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
lÄ~xPNèoe~ & lÄ~xrk% laHkwrk% Hkor (le~ iwoZd xe~ /krq vkReusin
yksV~ ydkj e-iq-] cgq-o-)] lkFk pysaA
laonèoe~ & ijLija fojks/a ifjR;T; ,dfo/eso okD;a czwr bfr]
ijLij fojks/ NksM+dj leku Loj ls ,d leku cksysaA
o% (;q"ekde~) & rqEgkjkA
eukafl & euA
latkurke~ & lekuesd:iesokFkZe~ voxPNUrq] leku :i ls vFkZ
cks/ djsaA
iwoZs nsok% & iqjkruk% nsok%] iwoZdky osQ nsox.kA
l×tkukuk% & ,sdeR;a izkIrk%] ,der gksdjA
Hkkxe~ miklrs & gfo osQ Hkkx dks Lohdkj djrs gSaA
vkowQfr% & ladYi%] vè;olk;%] ladYiA
lekuk & lekukfu] ,dfo/kfu] lekuA
lqlg & 'kksHkua lkfgR;e~] laxfrA
vlfr & Hkorq (rqEgkjh lqUnj laxfr gks tk,)A
e/q & ek/q;kZsisre~] ek/q;Z ls HkjhA
½rk;rs & ½ra (;Ka) vkReu% bPNrs ;tekuk;] vius fy, ;K
dh dkeuk djus okys ;teku osQ fy,A
osnke`re~ 3
flU/o% & u|%] leqnzk% ok] ufn;k¡ vFkok leqnzA

vks"k/h% & iQyikdkUrk vks"k/;%] iQy osQ idus ij tks ikS/s
u"V gks tkrs gSa] mUgsa vks"kf/ dgrs gSaA
tkxzr% & tkxrs gq, osQA
nwje~ mnSfr & nwj Hkkx tkrk gSA
rnq nSoe~ (eu%) & rn~ fnO;Kku;qDra eu%] ogh fnO; foKku ;qDr euA
T;ksfr"kke~ & bfUnz;k.kke~] fo"k;ksa dk izdk'ku djus okyh bfUnz;ksa esaA
nwja xee~ & lokZf/d nwj rd igq¡pus okyh] ,dek=k izdk'kdA
f'koladYie~ & f'kok% ladYik% ;L; rr~] eaxye;] dY;k.kdkjh
fopkjokykA
nsofgre~ & nsoS% LFkkfire~] nsorkvksa }kjk LFkkfirA
'kqØe~ & fnO;] pedhykA
p{kq% & us=k] lw;ZA
iqjLrkr~ & iwoZfn'kk;ke~] iwoZ fn'kk esa le{kA
mPpjr~ & o"kZA
'kjn% & mfnr% tkr%] mn; gqvk gSA
'kre~ & lkS (thfor jgsa)A
vnhuk% & u nhuk%] nSU;kr~ jfgrk%] nhurk ls jfgrA
Hkw;'p 'kjn% 'krkr~ & iqu% iqu% 'krkr~ 'kjn% ,oeso Hkosr~] ckj&ckj lkS o"kkZsa
ls Hkh vf/d ;gh fLFkfr cuh jgsA
fcHkzrh & /kj.k djrh gqbZA
fookple~ & fofHkUu Hkk"kk okysA
;FkkSdle~ & /kj.k djus okys ?kj osQ lekuA
nqgke~ & nqgkos] cgk nsA
vuqiLiqQjUrh & dEiu jfgrA
vH;kl%
1- laLÑrHkk"k;k mÙkjr
(d) lÄ~xPNèoe~ bfr eU=k% dLekr~ osnkr~ ladfyr%\
([k) vLekde~ vkowQfr% dhn`'kh L;kr~\
(x) v=k eU=ks ^;tekuk;* bfr 'kCnL; LFkkus d% 'kCn% iz;Dq r%\
(?k) vLeH;e~ bfr dL; 'kCnL; vFkZ%\
4 'kk'orh
(Ä) T;ksfr"kka T;ksfr% d% dF;rs\
(p) Ekkèoh% dk% lUrq\
(N) i`fFkohlwDre~ dfLeu~ osns fo|rs\
2- v/ksfyf[krfØ;kinS% lg dr`Zinkfu ;kst;r
(d) ----------------------------- l×tkukuk% miklrsA
([k) ----------------------------- e/q {kjfUrA
(x) es ----------------------------- f'koladYie~ vLrqA
(?k) ----------------------------- 'kra 'kjn% Ük`.kq;keA
3- 'kq¼a foykseina ;kst;r
tkxzr% o%
u% vnhuk%
nhuk% lqIrL;
4- v/ksfyf[krinkuke~ vk'k;a fgUnh&Hkk"k;k Li"VhoqQ#r
miklrs] flU/o%] lfor%] tkxzr%] i';seA
5- (d) osns izdfYirL; lektL; vkn'kZa Lo:ie~ i×pokD;s"kq fp=k;rA
([k) eul% ¯d oSf'k"V~;e~\
6- i';se] Ük`.kq;ke] izczoke] bfr fØ;kinkfu osQu bfUnz;s.k lEc¼kfu
7- v/ksfyf[kroSfndfØ;kinkuka LFkkus ykSfddfØ;kinkfu fyf[kr
vlfr] mPpjr~] nqgke~A
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
½Xosn% ewyr% Kkudk.Ma dF;rs r=k eq[;r% nsorkijdeU=kk% lfUr&;Fkk vfXu%]
bUnz%] #nz%] lforkizHk`r;%A dfri;kfu lwDrkfu nk'kZfudkfu lfUr ;Fkk uklnh;lwDre~]
KkulwDre~] fgj.;xHkZkfnlwDre~ dfri;kfu lkekftdlwDrkfu vfi lfUr ;s"kq
èkukUunkulwDre~ v{klwDre~ laxBulwDrkn;%A ½XosnL; lkEeuL;lwDrL; iYyoue~
mÙkjofrZ"kq mifu"knkfn'kkL=ks"ofi miyH;rsA ;Fkk& lg ukoorq lg ukS HkquDrq lg
oh;± djokogSA rstfLo ukoèkhreLrq ek fof}"kkogSAA rSfÙkjh; miñ
osnke`re~ 5
^^lÄõPNèoe~** ------------------- rFkk ^^lekuh** ------------------- bR;kfneU=kk.kka Hkko%

xhfr:is fgUn~;ke~ vfi izkI;rsA ;Fkk&
(1) izse ls feydj pyks cksyks lHkh Kkuh cuksA

iwoZtksa dh Hkk¡fr rqe dÙkZO; osQ ekuh cuksAA
(2) gksa fopkj leku lcosQ fp=k eu lc ,d gksaA
Kku nsrk gw¡ cjkcj HkksX; ik lc usd gksaAA
izÑrkS ekèkq;ZL; izkFkZuk ,oa ikfjokfjdeèkqjrk;k% vpZuL; vk/kj%A vr% vFkoZosns
,rkn`';% izkFkZuk% miyH;UrsA
vuqozr% firk iq=kks ek=kk Hkorq lEeuk%A
tk;k iR;s eèkqerha okpa onrq 'kkfUr oke~AA (vFkoZ- 3-3-2)
eèkqekUuks ouLifreZèkqek¡ vLrq lw;Z%
ekèohxkZoks HkoUrq u%A (½Xosn% 1-10-08)
;tqoZsn% eq[;r% deZdk.ML; osn% vfLr] ije~ vfLeu~ vfi thoufo"k;dk% eU=kk%
miyC/k% lfUrA eul% fuxzg.kkFkZa ;tqoZsns vusosQ eU=kk% lfUrA ;Fkk&
;RizKkueqr psrks èk`fr'p ;T;ksfrjUrje`ra iztklqA
;LekUu ½rs fd×pu deZ fØ;rs rUes eu% f'kolÄ~dYieLrqAA
(;tq- 34@3)
;|fi ½XosnL;So eU=kk% lkeosns lfUr rFkkfi lkeosneU=ks"kq xs;rk fo|rsA
vFkoZons % foKkudk.Ma eU;rsA vfLeu~ osns fofo/k% eU=kk% lfUrA ;Fkk vk;qonZs fo"k;dk%]
HkkSfrdfoKkufo"k;dk%] vFkZ'kkL=kfo"k;dk% O;ogkj'kkL=kfo"k;dk% rFkk p ija
jk"Vªh;Hkkouk;k% n`<hdj.ka vL; osnL; oSf'k"V~;e~ vfLrA vFkoZosns i`Foh ekròr~
Li`g.kh;k fuxfnrkA
;L;ka leqnz mr flU/qjkiks
;L;keUua Ñ"V;% lacHkwoq%A
;L;kfena ftUofr izk.knstr~
lk uks Hkwfe% iwoZis;s nèkkrqAA (vFkoZons % 12-1-3)
czãp;Zs.k jktk jk"Vªa foj{kfr (vFkoZosn%)
f}rh;% ikB%
½rqfp=k.ke~
izLrqr ikB vkfndfo egf"kZ okYehfdÑr jkek;.k osQ fdf"oQU/k]
vj.; rFkk lqUnj dk.Mksa ls ladfyr gSA jkek;.k laLÑr lkfgR; dk
vkfn egkdkO; ekuk tkrk gSA bl xzUFk dk lkaLÑfrd egÙo cgqr
vf/d gSA blesa egf"kZ okYehfd us thou osQ vkn'kZHkwr vkSj 'kk'or
ewY;ksa dk funZs'k fd;k gSA blesa jktk] iztk] iq=k] ekrk] iRuh] ifr]
lsod vkfn osQ ikjLifjd lacU/ksa dk ,d vkn'kZ Lo:i izLrqr fd;k
x;k gSA bl egkdkO; esa okYehfd dk izÑfr&fp=k.k vR;Ur euksje
,oa ân;kd"kZd gSA
bl ikB esa 1&3 'yksdksa esa olUr ½rq dk] 4&6 'yksdksa esa o"kkZ
½rq dk] 7osa ,oa 8osa 'yksd esa 'kjn~ ½rq dk] uoe esa gseUr rFkk n'ke
esa f'kf'kj ½rq dk vkSj ,dkn'k esa pUnzksn; dk fo'kn ,oa euksgkjh
o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA
lq[kkfuyks¿;a lkSfe=ks! dky% izpqjeUeFk%A
xU/oku~ lqjfHkekZlks tkriq"iiQynzqe%AA1AA
iq"iHkkjle`¼kfu f'k[kjkf.k leUrr%A
yrkfHk% iqf"irkxzkfHk#ixw<kfu loZr%AA2AA
ifrrS% irekuS'p ikniLFkS'p ek#r%A
oqQlqeS% i'; lkSfe=ks! ØhMfUuo leUrr%AA3AA
(ok-jk-fdf"dU/k- 1-10] 9] 13)
DofpRizdk'ka Dofpnizdk'ka uHk% izdh.kkZEcq/ja foHkkfrA
DofpRDofpRioZrlfÂ#¼a :ia ;Fkk 'kkUregk.kZoL;AA4AA
leq}gUr% lfyyk¿frHkkja cykfduks okfj/jk unUr%A
egRlq Ük`Ä~xs"kq egh/jk.kka foJE; foJE; iqu% iz;kfUrAA5AA
½rqfp=k.ke~ 7
ogfUr o"kZfUr unfUr HkkfUr è;k;fUr u`R;fUr lekÜolfUrA

u|ks ?kuk eÙkxtk oukUrk% fiz;kfoghuk% f'kf[ku% IyoÄ~xk%AA6AA
(ok-jk-fdf"dU/k- 28-17] 22] 26)
tya izlÂa oqQlqeizgkla ØkS×pLoua 'kkfyoua foiDoe~A
e`nq'p ok;qfoZey'p pUnz% 'kalfUr o"kZO;iuhrdkye~AA7AA
yksda lqo`"VÔk ifjrks"kf;Rok unhLrVkdkfu p iwjf;RokA
fu"iÂ'kL;ka olq/ka p ÑRok R;DRok uHkLrks;/jk% iz;krk%AA8AA
(ok-jk-fdf"dU/k- 30] 53] 57)
jfolÄ~ØkUrlkSHkkX;Lrq"kkjk#.ke.My%A
fu%ÜoklkU/ bokn'kZ'pUnzek u izdk'krsAA9AA
8 'kk'orh
ok"il×NÂlfyyk #rfoKs;lkjlk%A
fgeknzZckyqdkLrhjS% lfjrks HkkfUr lkEizre~AA10AA
(ok-jk- vj.; 16] 9] 13] 24)
galks ;Fkk jktri×tjLFk%
flagks ;Fkk eUnjdUnjLFk%A
ohjks ;Fkk xfoZroqQ×tjLFk&
'pUnzks¿fi cHkzkt rFkkEcjLFk%AA11AA
(ok-jk-lqUnj 5] 4)
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
jfolaØkUrlkSHkkX;% & jfo.kk lw;Zs.k laØkUra èoLra lkSHkkX;a izdk'k% ;L; l%]
lw;Z osQ }kjk ftldk izdk'k efyu dj fn;k x;k gSA
rq"kkjk#.ke.My% & rq"kkjs.k fgesu v#.ka v#.ko.k± e.Mya ;L; l%]
rq"kkj osQ leku ftldk e.My v#.k o.kZ dj fn;k
x;k gSA
fu%'oklkU/% & 'okl ls efyu fd;k x;kA
vkn'kZ% & niZ.kA
lq[kkfuy% & vkuUn nsus okyh gokA
eUeFk% & dkensoA
xU/oku~ & lqxU/ nsus okyh (xU/~ $ erqi~ iz-] ,-o-)A
lqjfHkekZl% & olUr ½rqA
leUrr% & pkjksa vksj lsA
iqf"irkxzkfHk#ixw<kfu & f[kys gq, iwQyksa ls Hkjh gqbZA
ifrrS% & fxjs gq,A
irekuS% & fxjrs gq,A
ikniLFkS% & isM+ksa ij fLFkrA
izdh.kkZEcq/je~ & vkdk'k ftlesa ckny iQSys gSaA
foHkkfr & 'kksHkk ns jgk gS (fo $ Hkk $ yV~ iz-iq-,-o-)A
ioZrlfÂ#¼e~ & ioZrksa ls f?kjs gq,A
egk.kZoL; & leqnz dkA
leq}gUr% & ogu djrs gq, (le~ $ mr~ $ og~ $ 'kr` iz-c-o-)A
cykfdu% & cxqyksa ls ;qDrA
½rqfp=k.ke~ 9
unUr% & xjtrs gq, (un~ $ 'kr` $ iz-c-o-)A

lek'olfUr & izlÂ gksrs gSa (le~ $ vk $ 'ol~ $ yV~ $ iz-c-o-)A
oukUrk% & ou izns'k osQ ,d Hkkx esaA
f'kf[ku% & eksjA
IyoÄ~xk% & esa<dA
oqQlqeizgkle~ & f[kys gq, iwQyksa ls ;qDrA
ØkS×pLoue~ & ØkSap i{kh dh vkoktA
'kkfyoue~ & /ku dk [ksrA
foiDoe~ & idk gqvkA
'kalfUr & lq'kksfHkr dj jgs gSa ('kal~ $ yV~ iz-iq-c-o-)A
o"kZO;iuhrdkye~ & o"kkZ ½rq chrus osQ ckn dk le; vFkkZr~ 'kjn~ ½rqA
rVkdkfu & rkykcA
fu"iÂ'kL;ke~ & [ksrh&ckM+h dk dk;Z laiÂ gks x;k ftldk] ogA
vH;kl%
(d) v;a ikB% dLekr~ xzUFkkr~ lÄ~dfyr%\
([k) olUrs leUrr% fxfjf'k[kjkf.k dhn`'kkfu HkofUr\
(x) ek#r% dhn`'kS% oqQlqeS% ØhMfÂo voyksD;rs\
(?k) izdh.kkZEcq/ja uHk% dFka foHkkfr\
(Ä) dL;kfrHkkja leqn~ogUr% okfj/jk% iz;kfUr\
(p) o"kZrkSZ eÙkxtk% fda oqQoZfUr\
(N) 'kjn`rkS pUnz% dhn`'kks Hkofr\
(t) dkfu iwjf;Rok rks;/jk% iz;krk%\
(>) vfLeu~ ikBs ^rks;/jk%] bR;L; osQ osQ i;kZ;k% iz;qDrk%\
(×k) dhn`'k% vkn'kZ% u izdk'krs\
(V) f'kf'kjrkSZ lfjr% osQ% HkkfUr\
(d) leUrr% ------------------------ f'k[kjkf.k lfUrA
([k) uHk% ------------------------ foHkkfrA
(x) okfj/jk% egh/jk.kka Ük`Ä~xs"kq ------------------------ iz;kfUrA
10 'kk'orh
(?k) rks;/jk% ------------------------ iz;krk%A

(Ä) fu%'oklkU/ vkn'kZ bo ------------------------ u izdk'krsA
3- v/ksfyf[krkuka lizlÄõa O;k[;k dk;kZ
(d) ek#r% oqQlqeS% i'; lkSfe=ks! ØhMfÂo leUrr%A
([k) fu%'oklkU/ bokn'kZ'pUnzek u izdk'krsAA
4- izÑfra izR;;a p ;kstf;Rok injpuka oqQ#r
Ñ$DRok (Rok)] ØhM~$'kr`] xU/$erqi~] le~$fu$#/~$Dr]
5- izÑfrizR;;foHkkx% fØ;rke~
R;DRok] foJE;] leqn~ogUr%] ireku%] fgeoku~A
6- v/ksfyf[krku~ 'kCnku~ vkfJR; okD;jpuka oqQ#r
ØhMu~] xU/oku~] foJE;] iwjf;Rok] uHk%] unUr%] R;DRok] lkEizre~] f'kf[ku%]
iz;kfrA
7- lfU/a@lfU/foPNsna ok oqQ#r
(d) lq[k $ vfuy% $ v;e~ ¾ -----------------------------------------
([k) izdh.kkZEcq/je~ ¾ ------------------ $ ------------------
(x) ØhMu~ $ bo ¾ -----------------------------------------
(?k) pUnzks¿fi ¾ ------------------ $ ------------------

(Ä) fu%'okl $ vU/% ¾ -----------------------------------------
8- v/ksfyf[krkuka dr`ZfØ;kinkuka leqfpra esyua oqQ#r

(d) IyoÄõk% & unfUr
([k) oukUrk% & lek'olfUr
(x) f'kf[ku% & HkkfUr
(?k) u|% & è;k;fUr
(Ä) eÙkxtk% & o"kZfUr
(p) fiz;kfoghuk% & u`R;fUr
(N) ?kuk% & ogfUr
½rqfp=k.ke~ 11
9- v/ksfyf[kr;ks% 'yksd;ks% vUo;a izn'kZ;r

(d) leqn~ogUr% lfyykfrHkkja ---------------- iz;kfUrA
([k) galks ;Fkk ---------------- rFkkEcjLFk%A
10- v/ksfyf[krs"kq 'yksosQ"kq iz;qDrkyÄïkjk.kka funZs'ka oqQ#r
(d) ifrrS% irekuS'p ---------------- ØhMfÂo leUrr%A
([k) ogfUr o"kZfUr ---------------- IyoÄõk%A
(x) jfolÄ~ØkUrlkSHkkX;% ---------------- pUnzek u izdk'krsA
11- v/ksfyf[kr'yksosQ"kq NUnks funZs'k% dk;Z%
(d) DofpRizdk'ke~ ---------------- 'kkUregk.kZoL;A
([k) galks ;Fkk ---------------- rFkkEcjLFk%A
(x) jfolÄ~ØkUrlkSHkkX;% ---------------- u izdk'krsA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) HkkofoLrkj%
egkdfouk dkfynklsu ½rqlagkjfefr dkO;s "k..kke~ ½rwuka Øes.k o.kZua
fofgre~A ;Fkk &
xzh"e%
izp.Mlw;Z% Li`g.kh;pUnzek% lnkoxkg{krokfjl×p;%A
fnukUrjE;ks¿H;qi'kkUreUeFkks funk?kdkyks¿;eqikxr% fiz;sAA
o"kkZ
llhdjkEHkks/jeÙkoqQ×tjLrfMRirkdks¿'kfu'kCnenZy%A
lekxrks jktonq¼r|qfr?kZukxe% dkfetufiz;% fiz;sAA
'kjr~
dk'kka'kqdk fodpiÁeuksKoD=kk
lksUekngaljouwiqjuknjE;kA
vkiDo'kkfy#fpjkurxk=k;f"V%
izkIrk 'kjÂoo/wfjo :ijE;kA
12 'kk'orh
gseUr%
uoizokyksn~xelL;jE;% iziqQYyyks/z% ifjiDo'kkfy%A
foyhuiÁ% izirÙkq"kkjks gseUrdky% leqikxrks¿;e~AA
f'kf'kj%
u pUnua pUnzejhfp'khrye~
u gE;Zi`"Ba 'kjfnUnqfueZye~A
u ok;o% lkUnzrq"kkj'khryk
tuL; fpÙka je;fUr lkEizre~AA
olUr%
nzqek% liq"ik% lfyya liÁa
fL=k;% ldkek% iou% lqxfU/%A
lq[kk% iznks"kk fnolk'p jE;k%
loZa fiz;s pk#rja olUrsAA
([k) Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%
v/ksfyf[krkuka 'kCnkuka :ikf.k lk/uh;kfu
f'k[kh & f'kf[ku~ $ izFkek ,dopu (f'kf[kukS] f'kf[ku%)
djh & dfju~ $ izFkek ,dopu
xq.kh & xqf.ku~ $ izFkek ,dopu
cyh & cfyu~ $ izFkek ,dopu
r`rh;% ikB%
ijksidkjk; lrka foHkwr;%
laLÑr lkfgR; esa tkrd dFkkvksa dk viuk fo'ks"k egÙo gSA ;s dFkk,¡
ewyr% ikfy esa gSa ftudh la[;k 547 gSA cksf/lÙo osQ deZ fnO; vkSj
vn~Hkqr gSaA mudk thou vykSfdd vkSj vkn'kZ gSA blh ls izsj.kk ysdj
vk;Z'kwj us tkrdekyk xzUFk dh jpuk dhA ;g xzUFk x|&i| fefJr
laLÑr esa gSA izLrqr ikB blh xzUFk osQ iUnzgosa tkrd êRL;tkrde~*
dk la{ksi gSA
blesa crk;k x;k gS fd lR;&rikscy osQ vk/kj ij fdl izdkj
eRL;kf/ifr osQ :i esa cksf/lÙo vius lkFkh eRL;ksa dh izk.k j{kk djus
esa leFkZ gksrs gSaA oLrqr% lÙoxq.k ls ifjiw.kZ vkpj.k nsorkvksa dks Hkh
o'k esa dj ldrk gSA
cksf/lÙo% fdy dfLeaf'pr~ ukfregfr deyoqQoy;kfn&
foHkwf"krlfyys galpØokdkfn'kksfHkrs rhjkUrr#oqQlqekodh.kZs ljfl
eRL;kf/ifr% cHkwoA cgq"kq tUekUrjs"kq ijksidkjkH;klo'kkr~ r=kLFk%
vfi ijfgrlq[klk/us O;ki`r% vHkor~A b"Vkukfeo p Los"kke~
viR;kuke~ mifj lkSgknZRokn~ egklÙo% rs"kka ehukuka nkufiz;&
opukfnØeS% ijeuqxzga pdkjA
vFk dnkfpr~ lÙokuka HkkX;oSdY;kr~ izeknkPp lE;x~ nsoks
u oo"kZA o`"Vs% vHkkos rr~ lj% dnEcoqQlqexkSjs.k uolfyysu
;FkkiwoZe~ u ifjiw.kZe~ tkre~A Øes.k p mixrs funk?kdkys
fnudjfdj.kS% vfHkrIr;k /j.;k] Tokykuqxrsuso ek#rsu
fiiklko'kkfno izR;ge~ vkih;ekua rr~ lj% y?kqiYoyfeokHkor~A
r=kfLFkrk% ehuk'p tykHkkokr~ e` r iz k ;k% bo la t krk%A
lfyyrhjokflu% if{k.k% ok;lx.kk% p ;kor~ rku~ eRL;ku~ Hk{kf;rqa
14 'kk'orh
fpUr;fUr Le rkon~ fo"kknnSU;o'kxa ehuoqQyeos{; cksf/lÙo%

d#.kk;eku% fpUrkekisnAs d"Vk cr b;e~ vkin~ vkifrrk ehukuke~A
izR;ga {kh;rs rks;a Li/Zekufeok;q"kkA
v|kfi p fpjs.kSo y{;rs tynkxe%AA
vi;kuØeks ukfLr usrkI;U;=k dks Hkosr~A
vLen~O;lulÄ~Ñ"Vk% lek;kfUr p uks f}"k%AA
rfRde=k izkIrdkya L;kfnfr foe`'ku~ l egkRek Lodh;&
lR;rikscyeso rs"kka j{k.kksik;e~ veU;rA d#.k;k lekihMÔekuân;ks
nh?k± fu%ÜoL; uHk% leqYyksd;u~ mokp &
Lejkfe u izkf.ko/a ;Fkkga lf×pUR; ÑPNªs ijes¿fi drqZe~A
vusu lR;su ljkafl rks;Sjkiwj;u~ o"kZrq nsojkt%AA
ijksidkjk; lrka foHkwr;% 15
vFk rL; egkReu% iq.;ksip;kr~ lR;kf/"Bkucykr~ p leUrr%

rks ; ifjiw . kkZ % xEHkhje/q j fu?kkZ s " kk vdkyk vfi dkyes ? kk%
fo|qYyrk¿yÄ~Ñrk% izknqjHkou~A cksf/lÙo% leUrrks¿fHkizl`rS%
lfyyizokgSjkiw;Zek.ks ljfl] /kjkfuikrledkysu fonzqrok;lk|s
if{kx.ks] yC/thfork'ks p izeqfnrs ehux.ks izhR;kfHklk;Zek.kân;ks
o"kZfuo`fÙklk'kÄ~d% iqu% iqu% itZU;ekcHkk"ks &
mn~xtZ itZU; xHkhj/hja izeksneq}kl; ok;lkuke~A
jRuk;ekukfu i;kafl o"kZu~ lalÙkQfo|qTTofyr|qrhfuAA
rnqiJqR; nsokuke~ bUnz% 'kØ% ijefofLereuk% lk{kkr~ vfHkxE;Sue~
vfHklajk/;u~ mokp&
roSo [kYos"k egkuqHkko ! eRL;sUnz ! lR;kfr'k;izHkko%A
vkoftZrk ;Rdy'kk boses {kjfUr jE;Lrfurk% i;ksnk%AA
bR;soa fiz;opuS% lajkè; r=kSokUrnZ/sA rPp lj% rks;le`f¼eokiA
rnsoa 'khyorke~ bg ,o dY;k.kk% vfHkizk;k% o`f¼e~ vkIuqofUr
izkxso ij=k pA vr% 'khyfo'kq¼kS iz;frrO;e~A
16 'kk'orh
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
oqQoy;e~ & uhydeye~] uhyk deyA
pØokdkfn'kksfHkrs & pØokd (pdok) vkfn i{kh x.kksa ls lq'kksfHkrA
r=kLFk% vfi & ogk¡] ml tUe esa fLFkr gksrs gq, HkhA
HkkX;oSdY;kr~ & HkkX;L; oSdY;e~ rLekr~] HkkX; osQ vuqowQy u
gksus ijA
vkih;ekue~ & vk leUrkr~ ih;ekue~ ik deZokP;] 'kkup~]
pkjksa vksj ls ih;k tkrk gqvkA
y?kqiYoyfeo & NksVs rkykc osQ lekuA
fo"kknnSU;o'kxe~ & fo"kkn% p nSU;a p fo"kknnSU;s] r;ks% o'ks xre~]
fo"kkn vkSj nSU; osQ o'khHkwrA
vos{; & vo $ bZ{k~ $ DRok >Y;i~] ns[kdjA
vkisns & izkIr gqvkA
cr & 'kksd dks O;Dr djus okyk vO;; in] gk;!
Li/Zekue~ & Li/k± oqQokZ.ke~ (Li/~Z $ 'kkup~)] Li/kZ djrk
gqvkA
tynkxe% & tya nnkfr bfr tyn% rs"kke~ vkxe%] cknyksa
dk vkxeuA
fpjs.k & nwj gh (nsj ls)
vi;kuØe% & vi;kuL; Øe% nwjxeuL; ekxZ%] ckgj tkus
dk jkLrkA
f}"k% & 'k=ko%] 'k=kqx.kA
izkIrdkye~ & izkIr% dky% ;L; rr~] le;ksfprA
foe`'ku~ & fo e`'k~] 'kr` iqa] iz- ,-o-] fopkj djrs gq,A
uHk% & vkdk'ke~] vkdk'k dksA
vkiwj;u~ & vk i`&f.kp~] 'kr`] iq- iz- ,-o-] iwjrs gq,]
Hkjrs gq,A
lR;kf/"Bkucykr~ & lR; ij n`<+ jgus dh 'kfDr lsA
vdkyk% & u dky% ;s"kke~ rs] vle; izdV gksus okysA
dkyes?kk% & izy; dky osQ leku es?kA
fonzqrs & fo nzq ÙkQ lIreh] ,-o-] Hkkx tkus ijA
vfHklk;Zek.kân;% & vfHklk;Zek.ka izlk|ekua ân;a ;L; l%] izlÂ
fd;s tkrs gq, ân; okykA
o"kZfuo`fÙklk'kÄ~d% & o"kkZ.kka fuo`fÙke~ vf/ÑR; vk'kÄ~d;k lg

fo|eku%] o"kkZ dh lekfIr dh vk'kadk okykA
itZU;e~ & es?ke~] ckny dksA
lalÙkQfo|qTTofyr|qrhfu & lalDrkHkk% fo|qr% Tofyrsu |qfr% ;s"kka rkfu]
yxkrkj pedrh gqbZ fctyh osQ izdk'k ls
;qÙkQA
jRuk;ekukfu i;kafl & jRuksa osQ leku fn[kkbZ iM+us okys tyA
m}kl; & mn~ ol~ f.kp~ yksV~ eè;e iq-] ,-o-] lekIr
dhft,A
miJqR; & mi Jq $ DRok >Y;i~] lqudjA
vfHklajk/;u~ & vfHk le~ jk/~ 'kr` iqa-] ,-o-] Lrqfr djrs gq,A
lR;kfr'k;izHkko% & lR;L; vfr'k;% rL; izHkko%] lR; dk
vykSfdd izHkkoA
vkoftZrk% dy'kk bo & iyVk;s x;s ?kM+ksa osQ lekuA
vUrnZ/s & vUr% /k] fyV~] iz- iq-] ,-o-] vUr/kZu
gks x;kA
vfHkizk;k% & euksjFkA
bg & vfLeu~ yksosQ] bl yksd esaA
ij=k & ijyksosQ] ijyksd esaA
vH;kl%
(d) tkrdekyk;k% ys[kd% d%\
([k) dFkk;ka of.kZrs tUefu cksf/lÙo% d% cHkwo\
(x) egklÙo% ehukuka oSQ% ijeuqxzge~ vdjksr~\
(?k) lj% y?kqiYoyfeo dFkeHkor~\
(Ä) cksf/lÙo% fdeFk± fpUrkedjksr~\
(p) rks;a izfrfnua osQu Li/Zekua {kh;rs Le\
(N) vkdk'ks vdkyk vfi osQ izknqjHkou~\
(t) d;k vk'kÄ~d;k cksf/lÙo% iqu% iqu% itZU;a izkfFkZroku~\
(>) 'kØ% osQ"kka jktk vklhr~\
(×k) vLekfHk% oqQ=k iz;frrO;e~\
18 'kk'orh
(d) cksf/lÙo% ijfgrlq[klk/us -------------------------- vHkor~A
([k) r=kfLFkrk% ehuk% tykHkkokr~ -------------------------- bo latkrk%A
(x) fo"kknnSU;o'kxa ehuoqQyeos{; cksf/lÙo% -------------------------- vkisnsA
(?k) l egkRek Lodh;lR;rikscyeso rs"kka -------------------------- veU;rA
(Ä) rr~ -------------------------- rks;le`f¼eokiA
3- lizlÄaõ O;k[;k dk;kZ
(d) cgq"kq tUekUrjs"kq ijksidkj&vH;klo'kkr~ r=kLFk% vfi ijfgrlq[klk/us
O;ki`r% vHkor~A
([k) vLen~O;lulÄ~Ñ"Vk% lek;kfUr uks f}"k%A
(x) 'khyorke~ bg ,o dY;k.kk% vfHkizk;k% o`f¼e~ vkIuqofUrA
4- v/ksfyf[kr'kCnku~ Y;cUrs"kq 'krìzR;;kUrs"kq 'kkup~izR;;kUrs"kq p foHkT;
fy[kr
vkih;ekue~] vos{;] Li/Zekue~] lekihM;ekue~] fu%'oL;] jRuk;ekukfu]
vfHkxE;] lajk/;u~] foe`'ku~] leqYyksd;u~A
5- fo'ks"k.kkfu fo'ks";S% lg ;kst;r
(d) ljfl b"Vkuke~
([k) /j.;k dnEcoqQlqexkSjs.k
(x) viR;kuke~ galpØokdkfn'kksfHkrs
(?k) uolfyysu vfHkrIr;k
(Ä) if{k.k% Tokykuqxrsu
(p) cksf/lÙo% r=kLFkk%
(N) ehu% lfyyrhjokflu%
(t) ek#rsu d#.kk;eku%
6- v/ksfyf[krinkfu laLÑrokD;s"kq iz;qÄ~èoe~
dfLeaf'pr~] HkkX;oSdY;kr~] vkih;ekue~] y{;rs] foe`'ku~] vfHkxE;] iz;frrO;e~A
7- i;kZ;okpoaQ fpuqr
ehu%] i{kh] izR;ge~] vkin~] itZU;%A
8- v/ksfyf[krokD;s"kq miekukfu ;kst;r

(d) ---------------------- bo ehukuka ijeuqxzga pdkjA
([k) ---------------------- bo rks;a izR;ga {kh;rsA
(x) ---------------------- bo bes i;ksnk% {kjfUrA
(?k) ---------------------- bo uolfyysu lj% ifjiw.k± u tkre~A
(Ä) lj% xzh"edkys ---------------------- bo l×tkre~A
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
v/ksfyf[krkuka lwDrhuke~ vè;;ua ÑRok izLrqrikBsu HkkolkE;e~ voèkÙk
(1) ficfUr u|% Lo;eso ukEHk%
Lo;a u [kknfUr iQykfu o`{kk%A
/kjkèkjks o"kZfr ukRegsrks%
ijksidkjk; lrka foHkwr;%A
(2) v"Vkn'kiqjk.ks"kq O;klL; opu};e~
ijksidkj% iq.;k; ikik; ijihMue~AA
(3) Jw;rka /eZloZLoa JqRok pSokoèkk;Zrke~
vkReu% izfrowQykfu ijs"kka u lekpjsr~A
(4) Nk;keU;L; oqQoZfUr fr"BfUr Lo;ekrisA
iQykU;fi ijkFkkZ; o`{kk% lRiq#"kk boAA
(5) ÅèoZckgqfoZjkSE;s"k u p df'pPN`.kksfr esA
(6) HkofUr uezkLrjo% iQyksn~xeS%
uokEcqfHknwZjfoyfEcuks ?kuk%A
vuq¼rk% lRiq#"kk% le`f¼fHk%
LoHkko ,oS"k ijksidkfj.kke~AA
(7) iznkua izPNÂa x`geqixrs lEHkzefof/%]
fiz;a ÑRok ekSua lnfl dFkua pkI;qiÑrs%A
vuqRlsdks y{E;keufHkHkoxU/k% ijdFkk%
lrka osQuksfn~n"Va fo"keefl/kjkozrfene~AA
prqFkZ% ikB%
ekuks fg egrka /ue~
izLrqr ikB egf"kZ osnO;kl jfpr egkHkkjr osQ m|ksx ioZ osQ
131] 134 vè;k;ksa ls ladfyr gSA blesa {kk=k /eZ osQ dÙkZO;ksa dk
mins'k nsrh gqbZ oqQUrh osQ iqjkru bfrgkl dk mYys[k djrs gq, fonqjk
}kjk flU/qjkt ls ;q¼ esa ijkLr vius iq=k dks] dk;jrk dk R;kx dj]
vius LokfHkeku dks iqu% izkIr djus dk mins'k fn;k x;k gSA
bl ikB osQ 'yksdksa esa ekuo osQ oqQy osQ mRFkku] vkRecy]
ijksidkj dh efgek ,oa mlosQ mRÑ"V Lo:i dk o.kZu gSA
oqQUrh mokp &
{kk=k/eZjrk /U;k fonqjk nh?kZnf'kZuhA
foJqrk jktlalRlq JqrokD;k cgqJqrkAA1AA
fonqjk uke oS lR;k txgZs iq=kekSjle~A
fuftZra flU/qjktsu 'k;kua nhupsrle~A
vuUnue/eZKa f}"krka g"kZo/Zue~AA2AA
mfÙk"B gs dkiq#"k
ek 'ks"oSoa ijkftr%A
vfe=kkÂUn;UlokZ&
fÂekZuks cUèkq'kksdn%AA3AA
mn~Hkko;Lo oh;± ok
rka ok xPN /zqoka xfre~A
/e± iq=kkxzr% ÑRok
¯d fufeÙak fg thoflAA4AA
ekuks fg egrka /ue~ 21
oqQ# lÙoa ekua p fof¼ ikS#"kekReu%A

mn~Hkko; oqQya eXua RoRÑrs Lo;eso fgAA5AA
;L; o`Ùka u tYifUr ekuok egnn~Hkqre~A
jkf'ko/Zuek=ka l uSo L=kh u iqu% iqeku~AA6AA
; vkReu% fiz;lq[ks fgRok e`x;rs fJ;e~A
vekR;kukeFkks g"kZekn/kR;fpjs.k l%AA7AA
iq=k% mokp&
¯d uq rs ekei';UR;k% i`fFkO;k vfi loZFkkA
fdekHkj.kÑR;a rs ¯d HkksxSthZforsu okAA8AA
ekrk mokp &
;ekthofUr iq#"ka loZHkwrkfu lat;A
iDoa nzqefeoklk| rL; thforeFkZor~AA9AA
LockgqcyekfJR; ;ks¿H;qTthofr ekuo%A
l yksosQ yHkrs dhfÙk± ij=k p 'kqHkka xfre~AA10AA
oqQUrh mokp &
ln'o bo l f{kIr% iz.kqÂks okD;lk;osQ%A
rPpdkj rFkk lo± ;Fkkonuq'kklue~AAA11AA
(m|ksx ioZ] 131] 134 vè;k;)
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
{kk=k/eZjrk & {kk=kL; /eZ%] {kk=k/eZ% rfLeu~ jrk] rRiq#"k lekl] {kk=k
/eZ dk ikyu djus okyhA
nh?kZnf'kZuh & nh?k± nz"Vqe~ 'khya ;L;k% lk] miin rRiq#"k] Hkfo"; dk
fpUru djus okyhA
foJqrk & izfl¼A
jktlalRlq & jkK% lalRlq] LkIreh rRiq#"k jkT; lHkkvksa esaA
JqrokD;k & Jqrkfu okD;kfu ;;k lk] U;k; ikjaxr fuiq.kA
cgqJqrk & cgq Jqra ;;k lk] fonq"kh
22 'kk'orh
lR;k & lR; Hkk"k.k djus okyhA

txgZs & xgZ~] fyV~ ydkj iz-iq- ,-o-] fuUnk dhA
vkSjle~ & mjl% tkre~] lxs csVs dksA
fuftZre~ & ijkLr] gkjs gq,A
'k;kue~ & 'khÄ~ 'kkup~] f}-] ,-o-] lksrs gq,] ysVs gq,A
nhupsrle~ & nhua psr% ;L; l% re~ cgqozhfg] mnkl ân; okysA
vuUnue~ & u uUnue~] nwljksa dks vizlÂ djus okysA
v/eZKe~ & /e± tkukfr /eZK% u /eZK% v/eZK% re~] /eZ
dks u tkuus okys dksA
f}"krke~ & f}"k~ $ 'kr` "k"Bh- c-o-] 'k=kqvksa osQA
g"kZo/Zue~ & g"k± o/Z;fr re~] izlUu djus okysA
'ks"o & 'khÄ~ $ yksV~ ydkj] e-iq- ,-o-] lksvksA
vfe=kku~ & 'k=kqvksa dksA
uUn;u~ & uUn~ $ f.kp~ $ 'kr`] iz-iq- ,-o-] izlUu djrs gq,A
fuekZu% & fuxZrks ekuks ;L; l%] lEeku jfgrA
mn~Hkko;Lo & mn~ $ Hkw $ f.kp~(izsj.kkFkZd) yksV~ydkj e-iq-
,-o-] tkuks] Kkr djks] izdV djksA
fof¼ & fon~ $ yksV~ydkj] e-iq- ,-o-A
eXue~ & eLt~ $ Dr] f}- ,-o-] Mwcs gq, (vour gq,
oqQy) dksA
jkf'ko/Zuek=ke~ & ek=k la[;k c<+kus okysA
'kkS;Ze~ & 'kwj $ ";×k~] 'kkS;Ze~ rfLeu~] ohjrk esaA
fgRok & gk $ DRok] NksM+djA
e`x;rs & [kkstrk gSA
vkn/kfr $ vfpjs.k & mRiUu djrk gS] /kj.k djrk gS] 'kh?kzA
vi';UR;k% & u i';UR;k] n`'k $ 'kr`] L=kh- "k"Bh ,-o-] u ns[krs
gq,A
vkHkj.kÑR;e~ & vkyadkfjd dk;ZA
vkthofUr & vkJ; ysrs gSa] lgkjk ysrs gSaA
iDoe~ & ip~ $ ÙkQ] idk gqvkA
ekuks fg egrka /ue~ 23
vklk| & vk $ ln~ $ f.kp~ $ DRok >Y;i~] ikdjA

vFkZor~ & vFkZ $ erqi~] liQyA
vH;qTthofr & thfor jgrk gSA
ij=k & ijyksd esaA
ln'o% & vPNk ?kksM+kA
iz.kqÂ% & iz $ uqn~ $ ÙkQ]iq-] iz-] ,-o-] izsfjr fd;k gqvkA
okD;lk;osQ% & ok.kh osQ ck.kksa lsA
rPpdkj & rr~ $ pdkj] og (lc) fd;kA
vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkja laLÑrsu ns;e~
(d) ekuks fg egrka /ue~ bR;;a ikB% dLekn~ xzUFkkr~ ladfyr%\
([k) fonqjk oqqQ=k foJqrk vklhr~\
(x) fonqjk;k% iq=k% osQu ijkftr% vHkor~\
(?k) d% L=kh iqeku~ ok u Hkofr\
(Ä) d% vekR;kuka g"k± u vkn/kfr\
(p) viq=k;k ek=kk fde~ vkHkj.kÑR;a u Hkofr\
(N) dL; thfore~ vFkZor~ Hkofr\
2- ^; vkReu% ----- vfpjs.k l%* vL; 'yksdL; vk'k;a fgUnh Hkk"k;k
Li"VhoqQ#r
3- fjÙkQLFkkukuke~ iwfrZ% fo/s;k
(d) fonqjk vkSjle~ iq=ka -----------------------------A
([k) gs dkiq#"k ----------------------------- ek 'ks"oA
(x) RoRÑrs Lo;eso eXua ----------------------------- mn~Hkko;A
(?k) ;% fiz;lq[ks ----------------------------- fJ;e~ e`x;rsA
(Ä) ekei';UR;k% ----------------------------- vfi loZFkk fde~\
(p) loZHkwrkfu ----------------------------- ;ekthofUrA
(N) l ;Fkkor~ ----------------------------- pdkjA
24 'kk'orh
4- v/ksfyf[krkuka 'kCnkuka foykseku~ fy[kr

foJqrk] lR;k] v/eZKe~] vfe=kku~] dkiq#"k%] vfpjs.k] vklk|A
5- i×pfHk% okD;S% fonqjk;k% pfj=ke~ o.kZ;r
6- ^;ekthofUr ----------------- thforeFkZrr~* vL; 'yksdL; vUo;a fy[kr
7- v/ksfyf[krinkuka laLÑrokD;s"kq iz;ksxa oqQ#r
foJqrk] 'k;kue~] f}"krke~] xfre~] iDoe~] f{kIr%A
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
v/ksfyf[krkuka ukjhpfj=kk.kka pfjreuqlUèkk; fonqjk;k'pfj=ks.k rs"kka rqyuka
oqQ#r&xkxhZ] 'koqQUryk] lkfo=khA
i×pe% ikB%
lkSo.kZ'kdfVdk
egkdfo 'kwnd z &iz.khr e`PNdfVd izdj.k rRdkyhu lekt dk niZ.k
ekuk tkrk gSA vius nku'khy LoHkko osQ dkj.k /ughu czkã.k lkFkZokg
vk;Z pk#nÙk rFkk mTtf;uh uxj dh xf.kdk olUrlsuk dh iz.k;dFkk
ij vk/kfjr ;g ukVÔÑfr ml ;qx dh vjktdrk] lekt esa O;kIr
oqQjhfr] |wrO;lu] pkS;Zo`fÙk] U;k;ky; esa O;kIr i{kikr rFkk jktk osQ
lxs&lacfU/;ksa osQ LoSjkpkj dk izkekf.kd o`Ùk izLrqr djrh gSA
izLrqr ukV~;ka'k e`PNdfVd osQ NBs vad ls fy;k x;k gSA blesa
f'k'kq eu dks m}sfyr djus okyh ckylqyHk bPNk dks ekfeZd <ax ls
O;Dr fd;k x;k gSA /uhekuh iM+kslh cPps dh lksus dh xkM+h ns[k]
èkughu pk#nÙk dk csVk jksglsu v'kkar gks mBrk gSA nklh jnfudk mls
iqQlykus dk iz;Ru djrh gS & feV~Vh dh xkM+h nsdjA ijUrq Hkksyk f'k'kq
viuh ftn ij vM+k jgrk gSA jnfudk mls olUrlsuk osQ ikl ys tkrh
gSA cPps dk ifjp; rFkk mlosQ jksus dk dkj.k tkudj okRlY;e;h
olUrlsuk vius lkjs vkHkw"k.k cPps dks lkSai nsrh gS vkSj dgrh gS &
buls rqe Hkh lksus dh xkM+h cuok ysukA
bl izdkj] izLrqr ukV~;ka'k f'k'kqvksa osQ fueZy vUr%dj.k rFkk
Lusg'khyk ukjh dh oRlyrk dks izdkf'kr djrk gSA
(rr% izfo'kfr nkjda x`ghRok jnfudk)

jnfudk & ,fg oRl! 'kdfVd;k ØhMko%A
nkjd% & (ld#.ke~)
jnfuosQ! fdEee ,r;k e`fÙkdk'kdfVd;k\ rkeso
lkSo.kZ'kdfVdka nsfgA
26 'kk'orh
jnfudk & (lfuoZsna fu%ÜoL;)

tkr! oqQrks¿Lekda lqo.kZO;ogkj%\ rkrL; iqujfi
½n~è;k lqo.kZ'kdfVd;k ØhfM";flA (Loxre~)
r|kon~ fouksn;kE;sue~A vk;kZ;k olUrlsuk;k%
lehieqilfiZ";kfeA (mil`R;) vk;Zs! iz.kekfeA
olUrlsuk & jnfuosQ! Lokxra rsA dL; iquj;a nkjd%\ vuyÄ~Ñr&
'kjhjks¿fi pUnzeq[k vkuUn;fr ee ân;e~A
jnfudk & ,"k [kyq vk;Zpk#nÙkL; iq=kks jksglsuks ukeA
olUrlsuk & (ckgw izlk;Z)
,fg es iq=kd! vkfyÄ~xA
(bR;Ä~osQ mios';)
vuqÑreusu firq% :ie~A
jnfudk & u osQoya :ia] 'khyefi rdZ;kfeA ,rsu vk;Zpk#nÙk
vkRekua fouksn;frA
olUrlsuk & vFk fdfÂfeÙkes"k jksfnfr\
jnfudk & ,rsu izkfrosf'kdx`gifrnkjdL; lqo.kZ'kdfVd;k
ØhfMre~A rsu p lk uhrkA rr% iquLrka ekxZ;rks
e;s;a e`fÙkdk'kdfVdk ÑRok nÙkkA rrks Hk.kfr
jnfuosQ! fdEee ,r;k e`fÙkdk'kdfVd;k\ rkeso
lkSo.kZ'kdfVdka nsfg bfrA
olUrlsuk & gk f/o~Q gk f/o~Q! v;efi uke ijlEiÙ;k
lUrI;rs \ Hkxou~ ÑrkUrA iq " dji=kifrr&
tyfcUnqln`'kS% ØhMfl Roa iq#"kHkkx/s;S%A (bfr
lkÏk)A tkr! ek #fnfg! lkSo.kZ'kdfVd;k
ØhfM";flA
nkjd% & jnfuosQ! dk ,"kk\
jnfudk & tkr! vk;kZ rs tuuh HkofrA
nkjd% & jnfuosQ! vyhda Roa Hk.kflA ;|Lekdek;kZ tuuh
rr~ osQu vyÄ~Ñrk\
olUrlsuk & tkr! eqX/su eq[ksu vfrd#.ka eU=k;flA
lkSo.kZ'kdfVdk 27
(ukVÔsu vkHkj.kkU;ork;Z jksfnfr)

,"kk bnkuha rs tuuh lao`ÙkkA rn~ x`gk.kSreyÄ~&
dkjde~]
lkSo.kZ'kdfVdka ?kV;A
nkjd% & visfg] u xzgh";kfeA jksfnf"k Roe~A
olUrlsuk & (vJwf.k ize`T;)
tkr! u jksfn";kfeA xPN] ØhMA
(vyÄ~dkjSe`ZPNdfVdka iwjf;Rok)
tkr! dkj; lkSo.kZ'kdfVdke~A
(bfr nkjdeknk; fu"ØkUrk jnfudk)
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
nkjde~ & ckyde~] iq=kde~] cPps dksA
'kdfVd;k & okgufo'ks"ks.k] xkM+h osQ }kjkA
e`fÙkdk'kdfVd;k & e`fÙkdkfufeZr;k xU=;k] feV~Vh dh xkM+h lsA
lkSo.kZ'kdfVdke~ & lqo.kZfufeZrka xU=khe~] lksus dh xkM+h dksA
lqo.kZO;ogkj% & Lo.kZL; vknkua iznkue~] lksus dh ysu&nsuA
fouksn;kfe & vuqj×t;kfe] cgykrh gw¡A
milfiZ";kfe & ik'oZeqixfe";kfe] ikl igq¡prh gw¡A
fdfÂfeÙke~ & fdeFkZe~] fdl fy;s] fdl ckr osQ fy;sA
izkfrosf'kd% & izfros'ks fudVs fLFkr%] iM+ksl esa jgus okykA
ekxZ;r% & vfUo";r%] [kkstus okys dkA
ijlEiÙ;k & vU;L; le`n~è;k] ijkbZ le`f¼ lsA
lUrI;rs & nq%[keuqHkofr] lUrIr gks jgk gSA
iq"dji=ke~ & deyi=ke~] dey dk iÙkkA
iq#"kHkkx/s;S% & euq";L; HkkX;S%] euq"; osQ HkkX; osQ lkFkA
vyhde~ & vlR;e~] >wBA
vyÄ~Ñrk & foHkwf"krk] vkHkw"k.k igus gqbZA
eqX/su eq[ksu & dkseysu (funkZs"ks.k) eq[ksu] Hkksys eq[k lsA
28 'kk'orh
vkHkj.kkfu & vkHkw"k.kkfu] xguksa dksA
?kV; & fuekZi;] cuok yksA
visfg & nwjhHko] nwj gVksA
ize`T; & lkjf;Rok] iksaN djA
fu"ØkUrk & cfgxZrk] ckgj fudy xbZA
vH;kl%
(d) e`PNdfVde~ bfr ukVdL; jpf;rk d%\
([k) nkjd% (jksglsu%) jnfudka fde;kpr\
(x) olUrlsuk nkjdL; fo"k;s ¯d i`PNfr\
(?k) jnfudk fdeqDRok nkjda rksf"krorh\
(Ä) jksglsu% dL; iq=k% vklhr~\
(p) vk;Zpk#nÙk% osQu vkRekua fouksn;fr\
(N) jksglsu% dhn`'kha 'kdfVdka ;kprs\
(t) olUrlsuk osQ% e`PNdfVdka iwj;fr\
(>) jksglsusu Lofirq% fde~ vuqÑre~\
(×k) olUrlsuk fdeqDRok nkjda lkURo;kekl\
2- fgUnhHkk"k;k O;k[;ka fy[kr
(d) vuyÄ~Ñr'kjhjks¿fi pUnzeq[k vkuUn;fr ee ân;e~A
([k) u osQoya :ia 'khyefi roZQ;kfeA
(x) iq"dji=kifrrtyfcUnln`'kS% ØhMfl Roa iq#"kHkkx/s;S%A
(?k) tkr! eqX/su eq[ksu vfrd#.ka eU=k;flA
3- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka LolaLÑrokD;s"kq iz;ksxa oqQ#r
e`fÙkdk'kdfVd;k] lqo.kZO;ogkj%] vJwf.k] fouksn;fr] izkfrosf'kd% ½n~è;k]
jksfnfrA
4- v/ksfy[krkuka fØ;kinkfu oh{; leqfpra dr`Zina fy[kr
(d) ----------------------------- ØhMko%A
([k) ----------------------------- fouksn;kfeA
(x) ----------------------------- lqo.kZ'kdfVd;k ØhfM";flA
lkSo.kZ'kdfVdk 29
(?k) ----------------------------- vyhoaQ Hk.kflA

(Ä) ¯d fufeÙk ----------------------------- jksfnfrA
5- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka lfU/foPNsna oqQ#r
(d) oqQrks¿Lekde~ ¾ -----------------------------
([k) iqujfi ¾ -----------------------------
(x) fdfÂfeÙke~ ¾ -----------------------------
(?k) iquLrke~ ¾ -----------------------------
(Ä) ;|Lekde~ ¾ -----------------------------
(p) vkHkj.kkU;ork;Z ¾ -----------------------------
6- fufnZ"VizÑfrizR;;fufeZra ina fy[kr

(d) fu% $ 'ol~ $ Y;i~ ¾ -----------------------------
([k) vuq $ Ñ $ Dr ¾ -----------------------------
(x) vye~ $ Ñ $ Dr $ Vki~ ¾ -----------------------------
(?k) vo $ r` $ f.kp~ $ Y;i~ ¾ -----------------------------
(Ä) iwj~ $ DRok ¾ -----------------------------
(p) vk $ nk $ Y;i~ ¾ -----------------------------
(N) xzg~ $ DRok ¾ -----------------------------
(t) mi $ l` $ Y;i~ ¾ -----------------------------
(>) ØhM~ $ Dr ¾ -----------------------------
(×k) iz $ e`t~ $ Y;i~ ¾ -----------------------------
7- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka foykseinkfu fy[kr

(d) lkSo.kZ'kdfVdk ¾ -----------------------------
([k) vyhde~ ¾ -----------------------------
(x) vyÄ~Ñrk ¾ -----------------------------
(?k) fu"ØkUrk ¾ -----------------------------
(Ä) visfg ¾ -----------------------------
(p) ijlEiÙ;k ¾ -----------------------------
8- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka i;kZ;okfpinkfu fy[kr

nkjd%] firq%] roZQ;kfe] tuuh] uhrk] Hk.kfr] vyhde~
30 'kk'orh
9- v/ksfyf[krk% iÄ~Dr;% osQu da izfr mDrk%
(d) ,fg oRl! 'kdfVd;k ØhMko%A
([k) vk;kZ;k% olUrlsuk;k% lehie~ milfiZ";kfeA
(x) ,fg es iq=kd! vkfyÄ~xA
(?k) ¯d fufeÙka ,"k jksfnfrA
(Ä) jnfuosQ! dk ,"kkA
(p) tkr! dkj; lkSo.kZ'kdfVdke~A
10- ikBe~ vkfJR; lksnkgj.ka olUrlsuk;k% jksglsuL; p
pkfjf=kdoSf'k"V~;e~ fgUnhHkk"kk;ka fy[kr
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
lkSo.kZ'kdfVdk bfr ikBL; lkfHku;a ukV~;iz;ksxa oqQ#r
"k"B% ikB%
vkgkjfopkj%
izLrqr ikB pjdlafgrk osQ ^foekuLFkkue~* izdj.k osQ ^jlfoeku*
uked izFke vè;k; ls ladfyr gSA ;gk¡ iz;qDr foeku 'kCn dk
rkRi;Z jksxkRed nks"kksa ,oa vks"kf/;ksa osQ foKku ls gSA blesa crk;k x;k
gS fd LokLF; dk ewy vk/kj leqfpr vkgkj gSA Hkkstu osQ izdkj]
mldh ek=kk rFkk mfpr le; vkfn dk fo/ku gh bl va'k dk o.;Z
fo"k; gSA
m".ke'uh;kr~] m".ka fg HkqT;ekua Lonrs] HkqÙkaQ pkfXuekSn;Zenq hj;fr]

f{kiza tjka xPNfr] okreuqykse;fr] 'ys"ek.ka p ifjßkl;fr]
rLeknq".ke'uh;kr~A
32 'kk'orh
fLuX/e'uh;kr~] fLuX/a fg HkqT;ekua Lonrs] f{kiza tjka xPNfr]

okreuqykse;fr] 'kjhjeqifpuksfr] n`<hdjksrhfUnz;kf.k] cykfHko`f¼&
eqitu;fr] o.kZizlkna pkfHkfuoZrZ;fr_ rLekr~ fLuX/e'uh;kr~A
ek=kkon'uh;kr~] ek=kkof¼ HkqÙkQa okrfiÙkdiQkuihM;nk;qjso
fooèkZ;fr osQoye~ lq[ka foiP;rs] u pks"ek.keqigfUr] vO;Fka p
ifjikdesfr] rLekUek=kkon'uh;kr~A
th.ksZ¿'uh;kr~ vth.ksZ fg Hkq×tkuL;kH;oârekgkjtkra
iwoZL;kgkjL; jleifj.kreqÙkjs.kkgkj&jlsuksil`tr~ lokZu~ nks"kku~
izdksi;R;k'kq] th.ksZ rq Hkq×tkuL; LoLFkkuLFks"kq nks"ks"oXukS pksnh.ksZ
tkrk;ka p cqHkq{kk;ka foo`rs"kq p Ïksrlka eq[ks"kq fo'kq¼s pksn~xkjs
ân;s fo'kq ¼ s okrkuq y ks E ;s fol` " Vs " kq p okrew = kiq j h"kos x s " kq
vH;oârekgkjtkra loZ'kjhj/krwuizn"w k;nk;qjo s kfHko/Z;fr osQoye~]
rLekTth.ksZ¿'uh;kr~A
oh;kZfo#¼e'uh;kr~] vfo#¼oh;Ze'uu~ fg fo#¼oh;kZgkj&
tSfoZdkjSuksZil`T;rsA rLekn~ oh;kZfo#¼e'uh;kr~ A
b"Vs ns'ks b"VloksZidj.ka pk'uh;kr~A b"Vs fg ns'ks b"VS%
loksZidj.kS% lg Hkq×tkuks ukfu"Vns'ktSeZuksfo?kkrdjSHkkZoSeZuksfo?kkra
izkIuksfrA rLekfn"Vs ns'ks rFks"VloksZidj.ka pk'uh;kr~A
ukfrnzqre'uh;kr~%] vfrnzqra fg Hkq×tkuL;ksRLusgueolknua
HkkstuL;kizfr"Bkua p HkksT;nks"k_ lkn~xq.;ksiyfC/p u fu;rk]
rLekUukfrnzqre'uh;kr~A
ukfrfoyfEcre'uh;kr~_ vfrfoyfEcra fg Hkq×tkuks u
r`fIrefèkxPNfr] cgqHkqDra 'khrhHkoR;kgkjtkra fo"kea p iP;rs]
rLekÂkfrfoyfEcre'uh;kr~A
vtYiÂglu~ rUeuk Hkq×thr] tYirks glrks¿U;eulks ok
Hkq×tkuL; r ,o nks"kk HkofUr ; ,okfrnzqre'ur%] rLekn&
tYiÂglaLrUeuk Hkq×thrA
vkgkjfopkj% 33
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
vkgkj% & vk $ â $ ?k×k~ ¾ HkkstuA
vkSn;Ze~ & mnj $ ;r~] mn;Z $ v.k~] mnjs Hko%]
(mnj esa gksus okyk) isV dh vfXu dk
fo'ks"k.kA
o.kZizlkna pkfHkfuoZrZ;fr & jax :i esa] lkSUn;Z esa fu[kkj ykrk gSA
f{kiza tjka xPNfr & tYnh ip tkrk gSA
fLuX/e~ & fLug~ $ Dr] fpdukbZ ?k`r rSykfn ls ;qDrA
ek=kkor~ & ek=kk $ erqi~] mfpr ek=kk esaA
mifpuksfr & mi~ $ fp $ yV~ $ iz-iq-] ,-o-] c<+krk gSA
vO;Fke~ & O;Fk;k jfgra ;Fkk L;kr~ rFkk] vO;;hHkko]
fØ;kfo'ks"k.k] fcuk d"V osQ ljyrk lsA
ifjikde~ & ifj $ ip~ $ ?k×k~] gktes dksA
vth.ksZ & t`` $ Dr] u th.ksZ bfr u×k~ rRiq#"k]
u ipus ijA
vH;oâre~ & vfHk $ vo $ â $ ÙkQ] [kk;k gqvkA
mil`tr~ & mi~ $ l`t~ $ 'kr`] feyrk gqvkA
cqqHkq{kk & HkksÙkqQe~ bPNk] Hkqt~ $ lu~ $ v $ Vki~]
Hkkstu dh bPNkA
foo`re~ & fo $ o` $ ÙkQ] [kqyk gqvkA
izdksi;R;k'kq & 'kh?kzrk ls c<+krk gSA
fol`"Vs"kq & fo $ l`t~ $ ÙkQ] lIreh cgqopu] R;kxus
ij] foltZu osQ mijkUrA
mil`T;rs & mi $ l`t~ $ deZokP;] yV~ ydkj]
iz-iq- ,-o-] xzLr gksrk gSA
b"VloksZidj.ke~ & bfPNr leLr nzO; tSl&s pVuh] vpkj vkfnA
okrkuqyksE;s & ok;q osQ vuqowQy gksus ijA
b"Ve~ & b"k~ $ ÙkQ] bfPNrA
volknue~ & vo $ ln~ $ f.kp~ $ Y;qV~] d"VdkjdA
mRLusge~ & mYVs ekxZ dh vksj tkuk] Mdkj vkuk]
mYVh gksukA
34 'kk'orh
vizfr"Bkue~ & u izfr"Bkue~] u×k~ rRiq#"k] mfpr LFkku u igq¡pukA

vtYir~ & u tYir~] u×k~ rRiq#"k] fcuk cksyrs gq,A
euksfo?kkre~ & eul% fo?kkre~] fo $ gu~ $ ?k×k~ f}rh;k ,dopu]
rRiq#"k] ekufld d"V dksA
vH;kl%
1- laLÑrsu mÙkjr
(d) ,"k% ikB% dLekr~ xzUFkkr~ m¼`r%\
([k) pjdlafgrk;k% jpf;rk d%\
(x) dhn`'ka Hkkstue~ bfUnz;kf.k n`<hdjksfr\
(?k) vth.ksZ Hkq×tkuL; d% nks"k% Hkofr\
(Ä) dhn`'ka Hkkstua 'ys"ek.ka ifjßkl;fr\
(p) dhn`'ka Hkkstua cykfHko`f¼e~ mitu;fr\
(N) b"VloksZidj.ka Hkkstua oqQ=k v'uh;kr~\
(t) dFka Hkq×tkuL; mRLusgL; lekfIr% u fu;rk\
(>) vfrfoyfEcra fg Hkq×tku% dka u vf/xPNfr\
(×k) tYir% glr% vU;eul% ok Hkq×tkuL; osQ nks"kk% HkofUr\
2- mfprfØ;kinS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r
(d) cgq HkqDra vkgkjtkre~ --------------------
([k) vtYiu~ vglu~ --------------------
(x) m".ka fg HkqT;ekua --------------------
(?k) m".ka Hkkstua mnjL; vfXue~ --------------------
(Ä) fLuX/a HkqT;ekua Hkkstue~ 'kjhje~ --------------------
(p) ek=kkon~ fg HkqÙkaQ lq[ka --------------------
(N) vfrnzqra fg u --------------------
(t) m".ka Hkkstua okre~ --------------------
3- v/ksfyf[krinkuka okD;s"kq iz;ksxa oqQ#r

'kh?kze~] m".ke~] fLuX/e~] rSykfn;qrQe~] foo/Z;fr] vfrnzqe~] vfrfoyfEcre~]
iP;rsA
vkgkjfopkj% 35
4- v/ksfyf[krizÑfrizR;;foHkkxa ;kst;r
;Fkk& t`` $ ÙkQ uiqa-] iz- ,dopue~ ¾ th.kZe~A
v'k~ 'kr` iqa- izFkek ,dopue~ ¾ --------------------
vfHk o`/~ f.kp~ yV~ iz- iq- ,dopue~ ¾ --------------------
mi $ l`t~ deZokP;] yV~] iz- iq- ,dopue~ ¾ --------------------
b"k~ $ ÙkQ iqa- lIreh ,dopue~ ¾ --------------------
Hkqt~ 'kkup~] iqa- "k"Bh] ,dopue~ ¾ --------------------
u glu~ bfr ¾ --------------------
iz $ oqQi~ $ f.kp~ yV~] iz-iq- ,dopue~ ¾ --------------------
tu~ $ ÙkQ L=khfyÄ~xe~ ¾ --------------------
mi $ fp $ yV~] iz- iq- ,dopue~ ¾ --------------------
vfHk $ fu $ o`r~ $ f.kp~] yV~ydkj]
iz- iq- ,dopue~ ¾ --------------------
5- v/ksfy[krkuka inkuka lfU/PNsna oqQ#r
th.ksZ¿'uh;kr~] pks"ek.ka] iwoZL;kgkjL;] izdksi;R;k'kq] nks"ks"oXukS] vH;oâre~]
rLekTth.ksZ] pk'uh;kr~A
6- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq foHkfDra opua p n'kZ;r
eq[ks"kq] lokZu~] ân;s] o`f¼e~] tje~] Hkq×tkuL;A
7- ikBkr~ fpRok foykse'kCnku~ fy[kr
;Fkk& fo#¼e~ vfo#¼e~
vfrfoyfEcre~ --------------------
tYiu~ --------------------
glu~ --------------------
th.ksZ --------------------
b"Ve~ --------------------
rUeuk% --------------------
vfrnzqre~ --------------------
8- b"Vs ns'ks --------- pk'uh;kr~ bR;L; x|ka'kL; vk'k;a fgUnh Hkk"k;k Li"Va
oqQ#r
lIre% ikB%
lUrfrizcks/ue~
izLrqr ikB egf"kZ vjfoUn }kjk laLÑr esa iz.khr [k.MdkO; ^Hkokuh
Hkkjrh* ls ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA thou osQ izkjfEHkd pj.k esa
vjfoUn ?kks"k egku ØkfUrdkjh rFkk jk"VªHkÙkQ osQ :i esa mHkjsA og
l'kL=k ØkfUr osQ leFkZd FksA fczfV'k ljdkj us mUgsa vyhiqj ce osQl
dk vijk/h eku dj 1906 bZ- esa vyhiqj dkjkxkj esa cUnh cuk fn;kA
dkjkokl dh blh vof/ esa ,d jkr LoIu esa cfUnuh Hkkjrekrk
dk n'kZu dj] Hkkokfo"V euksn'kk esa dfo us bl vkstLoh rFkk jk"Vªh;
Hkkouk ls vksr&izksr 'krddkO; dk iz.k;u fd;kA bl jpuk esa
egkdfo vjfoUn us Hkkjrekrk dks egkdkyh] egky{eh ,oa egkljLorh
osQ :i esa fu:fir fd;k gSA
thou osQ mÙkjk/Z esa egf"kZ vjfoUn osnksa osQ O;k[;krk] egk;ksxh]
egkdfo] ijejk"VªHkDr ,oa egknk'kZfud osQ :i esa fo'oe×p ij
izfrf"Br gq,A
izLrqr ikB esa Hkkjrtuuh ijrU=krk ,oa vKku:ih vU/dkj osQ
cU/uksa esa tdM+h] voekuuk xzLr viuh lUrfr;ksa dks muosQ ikS#"kiw.kZ
Lof.kZe bfrgkl dk Lej.k djkrs gq,] mUgsa izsfjr djrh gS fd os viuh
funzk dk R;kx djsa rFkk vius ijkØe ls jk"Vª dks ijk/hurk osQ cUèku
ls eqDr djk;saA
lkUnza rfelzko`rekrZeU/a
foyksD; r‰kjrek;Z[k.Me~AA
xw<k jtU;kefjfHkfoZu"Vk
ekrk Hk`'ka ØUnfr Hkkjrkuke~AA1AA
lUrfrizcks/ue~ 37
lukrukU;kg~o; Hkkjrkuka
oqQykfu ;q¼k;] t;ks¿Lrq uks Hkh%A
Hkks tkx`rkfLe Do /uq% Do [kM~x%A
mfÙk"BrksfÙk"Br lqIrflagk%AA2AA
ekrk¿fLe Hkks! iq=kd! Hkkjrkuka

lukrukuka f=kn'kfiz;k.kke~A
'kDrks u ;kUiq=k fof/foZi{k%
dkyks¿fi uks uk'kf;rqa ;eks okAA3AA
rs czãep;sZ.k fo'kq¼oh;kZ%
Kkusu rs HkheriksfHkjk;kZ%A
lglzlw;kZ bo HkklqjkLrs
le`f¼eR;ka 'kq'kqHkq/Zfj=;ke~AA4AA
38 'kk'orh
mfÙk"B Hkks tkx`fg ltZ;kXuhu~

lk{kkf¼ rstks¿fl ijL; 'kkSjs%A
o{k%fLFkrsuSo lukrusu
'k=kwUgqrk'ksu ngÂVLoAA5AA
vLR;so yksga fuf'kr'p [kM~x%

Øwjk 'kr?uh unrhg eÙkkA
dFka fujL=kks¿fl] e`rks¿fl 'ks"ks
j{k Lotkfra ijgk Hkok¿;Z%AA6AA
Hkks Hkks voUR;ks ex/k'p cÄõk

vÄõk dfyÄõk% oqQ#flU/o'pA
Hkks nkf{k.kkR;k% Ük`.kqrkU/zpksyk%
Ük`.oUrq ;s i×puns"kq 'kwjk%AA7AA
;s osQfpnpZfUr uuq f=kewfr±
;s pSdewfr± ;ouk enh;k%A
ekrk¿¿à;s oLru;kfUg lokZu~
funzka foeq×pèoe;s Ük`.kqèoe~AA8AA
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
lkUnze~ & l?kue~_ (lg vUnzs.k)] l?ku] xguA
rfeÏko`re~ & frfejko`re~_ rfeÏs.k vko`re~ (r`- rRiq-)] vUèkdkj
ls <dk gqvkA
vkrZe~ & ihfMre~_ nq%[khA
xw<k & fuf{kIrk] fNih gqbZ] Mwch gqbZA
Hk`'ke~ & vR;f/de~] cgqr vf/dA
Hkh% & Hk;e~] MjA
uks vLrq & u Hkorq] u gksA
lUrfrizcks/ue~ 39
[kM~x% & vfl%] ryokjA

iq=kd! & gs ckyd (iq=k $ du~)] gs iq=kA
f=kn'kfiz;k.kke~ & nsofiz;k.kke~ (f=kn'kk% lfUr fiz;k% ;s"kke~ rs"kke~)]
nsorkvksa osQ fiz;ksa dkA
foi{k% & 'k=kqi{k% (fo#¼% i{k% ;L; l%)] 'k=kqi{kA
fof/% & 'kklue~_ 'kkluA
fo'kq¼oh;kZ% & ifj"ÑrijkØek% (fo'kq¼a oh;± ;s"kka rs)] vR;fèkd
ijkØe okysA
HkheriksfHk% & ?kksjifjJeS%] vR;f/d ifjJeksa lsA
vk;kZ% & Js"Bk%] Js"BA
Hkklqjk & Hkklekuk% (Hkkl~ $ ?kqjp~ izR;;) nhfIrekuA
le`f¼eR;ke~ & le`f¼;qDR;ke~ le`f¼ $ erqi~ $ Ähi~ l- ,-o-]
le`f¼'kkyh ijA
'kq'kqHkq% & 'kksHkk;ekuk% tkrk% ('kqHk~ fyV~ ydkj)_ lq'kksfHkr
gq,A
'kkSjs% & Ñ".kL; 'kkSfj "k- ,- o- ('kwj $ b×k~)] Ñ".k osQA
gqrk'ksu & vfXuuk (gqra v'ukfr) ;% l% rsu] vfXu osQ }kjkA
ltZ; & ltZua oqQ# (l`t~ yksV~ ydkj f.ktUr e- iq-
,- o-)] mRiÂ djksA
'kr?uh & rksiukek[;a vL=ke~ ('kra gfUr ;k lk)] rksiA
Øwjk & fu"Bqjk] fu"d#.kk] Hk;adjA
fuf'kr% & míhIr% (fu $ 'kh $ Dr)] iSuk fd;k x;kA
ijgk & 'k=kq?u% (ijku~ gfUr)] 'k=kqvksa dks ekjus okykA
f=kewfrZe~ & czãfo".kqegs'kk[;kuka nsokuke~ ewfrZe~ (=k;k.kka nsokuka
ewfrZe~)] f=knsoksa dh ewfrZ dksA
,dewfrZe~ & ,osQ'oje~] ,d fujkdkj ijes'oj dksA
o% & ro] rqEgkjsA
vkg~o;s & vkdkj;kfe] iqdkjrh gw¡A
40 'kk'orh
vH;kl%
(d) Hkkjrkuka ekrk oaQ foyksD; Hk`'ka ØUnfr\
([k) jtU;ka xw<k ekrk oSQ% fou"Vk\
(x) osQ mfÙk"BUrq\
(?k) iq=kd! osQ"kka Hkkjrkuka ekrk vfLe\
(Ä) d% Hkkjriq=kku~ uk'kf;rqa 'kDr% u\
(p) rs ('kwjk%) osQu fo'kq¼oh;kZ% vklu~\
(N) Roa ijL; 'kkSjs% fde~ vfl\
(t) dfouk oqQ=kR;k% oqQ=kR;k% 'kwjk% vkgw;Urs\
(>) enh;k ;ouk% de~ vpZ;fUr\
(×k) lokZu~ ru;ku~ dk vkg~o;fr\
2- fgUnhHkk"k;k vk'k;a fy[kr
(d) xw<k jtU;kefjfHkfoZu"Vk ekrk Hk`'ka ØUnfr Hkkjrkuke~A
([k) Hkks tkx`rkfLe Do /uq% Do [kM~x% mfÙk"BrksfÙk"Br lqIrflagk%AA
(d) Hkkjrkuka fou"Vk ekrk ---------------- A
([k) Hkks iq=kd! ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ekrk¿fLeA
(x) Hkks! mfÙk"B ---------------- ltZ;A
(?k) vga ekrk ---------------- vkg~o;sA
(Ä) ;s ---------------- Ük`.oUrqA
4- v/ksfyf[krs"kq fo'ks"k.kfo'ks";;ks% leqfpra esyua oqQ#r
(d) Øwjk oqQykfu
([k) fou"Vk /fj=;ke~
(x) lukrukfu [kM~x%
(?k) le`f¼eR;ke~ ekrk
(Ä) fuf'kr% ru;ku~
(p) lokZu~ 'kr?uh
lUrfrizcks/ue~ 41
5- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka okD;s"kq iz;ksxa oqQ#r

mfÙk"B] ltZ;] Do] lqIrflagk] ekrk] 'k=kwu~] j{k] cÄ~xk%] vpZfUr] vkg~o;sA
6- foHkfDar ;kstf;Rok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r
(d) ckfydk ---------------- Lofifr (jtuh] lIreh foHkfDr] ,dopu)
([k) gs ohj! ---------------- mfÙk"B (;q¼] prqFkhZ foHkfDr] ,dopu)
(x) rs ---------------- vk;kZ% tkrk%A (ril~] r`rh;k foHkfDr] cgqopu)
(?k) ekrk ---------------- iq=kku~ vkg~o;fr (loZ] f}rh;k foHkfDr] cgqopu)
(Ä) 'kwjk% ---------------- olfUrA (i×pun] lIreh foHkfDr] cgqopu)
7- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ;FkkLFkkua lfU/ lfU/&foPNsna ok oqQ#r
(d) lukrukfu $ vkg~o; ¾ --------------------------------------
([k) t;ks¿Lrq ¾ ---------------- $ ----------------
(x) Hkklqjk% $ rs ¾ --------------------------------------
(?k) 'kq'kqHkq/Zfj=;ke~ ¾ ---------------- $ ----------------
(Ä) tkx`rkfLe ¾ ---------------- $ ----------------
(p) fLFkrsu $ ,o ¾ --------------------------------------
(N) vfLr $ ,o ¾ --------------------------------------
8- v/ksfyf[krL; 'yksdL; vUo;a oqQ#r

ekrk¿fLe Hkks! iq=kd! Hkkjrkuka
oqQykfu ;q¼k; t;ks¿Lrq uks Hkh%A
Hkks tkx`rkfLe Do /uq% Do [kM~x%
mfÙk"BrksfÙk"Br lqIrflagk%AA
9- v/ksfyf[krs"kq vyÄkï ja fufnZ'kr
(d) lgÏlw;kZ bo HkklqjkLrs
le`f¼eR;ka 'kq'kqHkq/Zfj=;ke~A
([k) Hkks Hkks voUR;ks ex/k'p cÄõk%
vÄõk% dfyÄõk% oqQ#flU/o'pAA
42 'kk'orh
10- v/ksfyf[krs 'yksosQ iz;qDrL; NUnl% uke fy[kr

rs czãp;sZ.k fo'kq¼oh;kZ%
Kkusu rs HkheriksfHkjk;kZ%A
lgÏlw;kZ bo HkklqjkLrs
le`f¼eR;ka 'kq'kqHkq/Zfj=;ke~AA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
v/ksfyf[krkuka lwDrhuka lUrfrizcks/ue~ bfr ikBsu HkkolkE;e~ vuqlU/k;
rqyuk dk;kZ
(d) mfÙk"Br tkxzr izkI; ojkfÂcks/rA dBksifu"kn~
([k) ekrk Hkwfe% iq=kks¿ga i`fFkO;k%A vFkoZosn%
(x) 'kwjL; ej.ka r`.ke~A
(?k) vfi Lo.kZe;h yÄïk u es y{e.k jksprsA
tuuh tUeHkwfe'p LoxkZnfi xjh;lhAA
egkHkkjrs fonqjk;k% lUns'ksu lUrfrizcks/uL; HkkolkE;a izfrikn;rA
v"Ve% ikB%
n;kohj dFkk
izLrqr ikB eSfFkyh] laLÑr vkSj viHkza'k (vogV~B) osQ izfl¼ dfo
fo|kifr }kjk fojfpr îq#"k&ijh{kk* uked dFkkxzUFk ls lÄ~dfyr
fd;k x;k gSA fo|kifr dk tUe prqnZ'k 'krkCnh (1360&1448) esa
fefFkyk {ks=k osQ foliQh xzke esa gqvk FkkA ^fo|kifr&inkoyh* budh
yksdfoJqr jpuk gSA bUgksaus laLÑr esa fofo/fo"k;d 12 xzUFkksa dh
jpuk dh gSA
îq#"k&ijh{kk* esa lPps iq#"k dh ij[k oSQls dh tk;s&;g crkus
osQ fy, oklqfd uked eqfu ikjkokj uked jktk dks vusd dFkk,¡
lqukrs gSaA izLrqr dFkk esa jktk gEehjnso dks n;kohj osQ :i esa fpf=kr
fd;k x;k gSA dFkk osQ vuqlkj jktk gEehjnso us lezkV~ vykmíhu osQ
dksi dk Hkktu cus 'kj.kkxr eqgEen 'kkg (lsukifr) dh izk.ki.k ls
j{kk dh gSA
n;kyq% iq#"k% Js"B% loZtUrwidkjd%A
rL; dhrZuek=ks.k dY;k.keqii|rsAA
vfLr dkfyUnhrhjs ;ksfxuhiqja uke uxje~A r=k vykonhuks uke
;oujktks cHkwoA l pSdnk osQukfi fufeÙksu efgeklkfgukEus lsukfuus
voqQI;r~A l p ;ouLokfeua izoqQfira izk.kxzkgda p KkRok
fpUr;kekl] lke"kksZ jktk fo'oluh;ks u HkofrA rfnnkuha
;konfu#¼ks¿fLe rkonsosr% ‡ kfi xRok futizk.kj{kka djksehfr
ijke`'; lifjokj% iykf;r%A iyk;ekuks¿I;fpUr;r~ ;RlifjokjL;
nwjxeue'kD;e~A ifjokja ifjR;T; iyk;uefi uksfpre~A ;r%
thforkFk± oqQya R;DRok ;ks¿frnwja tuks oztsr~A
yksdkUrjxrL;so ¯d rL; thforsu okAA
44 'kk'orh
rfngSo n;kohja gEehjnsoa lekfJR; fr"Bkehfr ijke`'; l ;ouks

gEehjnsoeqixE;kg nso! foukijk/a gUrqeq|rL; LokfeuL=kklsukga
ro 'kj.kekxrks¿fLeA ;fn eka jf{kraq 'kDuksf"k rnk fo'okla nsfgA
uks psfnrks¿U;=k xPNkfeA
jktksokp&;ou! ee 'kj.kkxra ef; thofr ;eks¿fi Roka

ijkHkforaq u 'kDuksfr] ¯d iqu;Zoujkt%\ rnHk;a fr"BA
rrLrL; jkKks opusu l ;oulfpoLrfLeu~ j.kLrEHkukfEu
nqxZs fu%'kÄeï o
q klA Øes.k ;oujktLr=kkofLFkra ra fofnRok ijelke"kZ%
dfjrqjxinkfr& ink?kkrSèkZfj=kha pky;u~ nqxZ}kjekxR; gEehjnsosu
lkda ;q¼a Ñroku~] ija t;a u yCèkoku~A
izFke;q¼kuUrja ;oujktsu gEehjnsoa izfr nwr% izfgr%A nwr
mokp&jktu~ gEehj! Jheku~ ;oujktLRokekfn'kfr ;UeekiF;dkfj.ka
efgeklkfga ifjR;T; nsfgA ;|sua u nkL;fl rnk 'oLrus izHkkrs
ro nqx± rqjx[kqjk?kkrS'pw.kkZo'ks"ka ÑRok efgeklkfguk lg RokeUrdiqja
n;kohj dFkk 45
us";kfeA gEehjnso mokp&js nwr! Roeoè;ks¿fLkA rokga ¯d djokf.k\

vL;ksÙkja ro Lokfeus [kîõ/kjkfHkjso nkL;kfe u opksfHk%A ee
'kj.kkxra ;eks¿fi foi{kn`"V~;k ohf{krqa u 'kd~uksfr fda iqu;Zoujkt%\
rrks fuHkZfRlZrs nwrs xrs lfr ;oujkt% oqQfiRok ;q¼leq¼jks
cHkwoA ,oeqHk;ksjfi cy;ks;qZ¼s¿/kZof'k"VlqHkVs ;oulSU;s nqxsZ
xzghrqe'kD;s ;oujkt% ijko`R; futuxjxeukdkÄ~{kh cHkwoA r×p
HkXuks|ea n`"V~ok jk;eYyjkeikyukekukS gEehjnsoL; }kS lfpokS
nq"VkS ;oujktekxR; fefyrkSA rkowprq% ;oujkt! Hkork Dokfi u
xUrO;e~A nqxsZ nqfHkZ{kekifrre~A 'o% ij'oks ok nqx± xzkgf;";ko%A
rrLrkS nq"VlfpokS iqjLÑR; ;oujktsu nqxZ}kjk.;o#¼kfuA
rFkk lÄïVa n`"V~ok gEehjnso% LolSfudku~ izR;qokp & js js
;ks¼kj%! ifjfercyks¿I;ga 'kj.kkxrd#.k;k izo¼ ` cysukfi ;oujktsu
lea ;ksRL;kfeA rrks ;w;a losZ nqxkZn~cfg% LFkkukUrja xPNrA r
Åpq%&Hkoku~ fujijk/ks jktk ('kj.kkxrL;) ;ouL; d#.k;k
lÄ~xzkes ej.keÄõhoqQ#rsA o;a Hkorks thO;Hkqt% dFkfenkuha HkoUra
Lokfeua ifjR;T; dkiq#"kinoheuqlfj";ke%\ fd×p 'oLrus izHkkrs
nsoL; 'k=kqa gRok izHkkseuZ ksjFka lk/f;";ke%A ;ouLRo;a ojkd% LFkkukUrja
izgh;rke~A rsu j{k.kh;j{kk lEHkofrA ;ou mokp&nso! fdeFk±
eeSdL; fonsf'kuks j{kkFk± liq=kdy=ka Lodh;jkT;a fouk'kf;";fl\
rrks eka ifjR;T; nsfgA jktksokp&;ou! eSoa czwfgA ;r%
HkkSfrosQu 'kjhjs.k u'ojs.k fpjfLFkre~A
yIL;ekua ;'k% dks ok ifjgr±q lehgrsAA
fd×p ;fn eU;ls rnk fuHkZ;LFkkua Roka izki;kfeA ;ou mokp&
jktu~ eSoa czwfgA loZizFkea e;So foi{kf'kjfl [kÄiõ zgkj% drZO;%A
rr% izHkkrs ;q¼s izoÙkZekus gEehjnso% lRoj&rqjxk:<ks
futlqHkVlkFkZlfgr% ijkØea oqQokZ.kks nqxkZfUUk%l`R; [kîõèkkjk&
izgkjSfoZi{kcyokftu% ikr;u~ oqQ×tjku~ ?kkr;u~] dcU/ku~ urZ;u~
#f/j/kjkizokgsu esfnuheyÄ~ÑR; 'kj&'kfYyrlokZÄõLrqjxi`"Bs
R;ÙkQizk.k% lEeq[k% lÄ~xzkeHkwekS fuiikr lw;Ze.MyHksnh vHkor~A
46 'kk'orh
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
loZtUrwidkjd% & losZ"kka tUrwuke~ midkjd%] "k- r-] lHkh izkf.k;ksa dk
midkj djus okykA
pSdnk & p $ ,dnk ¾ ,d le;A
izoqQfire~ & iz $ oqQi~ $ ÙkQ] vR;Ur Øksf/r gq,A
fpUr;kekl & fpfUrr gqvkA
lke"kZ% & Øks/;qDrA
vfu#¼% & fu $ #/~ $ ÙkQ ¾ fu#¼%] u fu#¼% ¾ vfu#¼%]
(u×k~) u idM+ x;kA
rfngSo & rr~ $ bg $ ,o] vr% ;ghaA
lekfJR; & le~ $ vk $ fJ $ Y;i~] vkJ; ysdjA
ijke`'; & ijk $ e`'k~ $ Y;i~] fopkj djosQA
mixE; & mi $ xe~ $ Y;i~] lehi tkdjA
dfjrqjxink?kkrS% & dfj.k% rqjxk'p&dfjrqjxk%] rs"kka inkuke~ vk?kkr% rS%]
gkfFk;ksa] ?kksM+ksa ,oa iSny lsuk osQ iSjksa osQ vk?kkr lsA
/fj=khe~ & i`Foh dksA
pky;u~ & py~ $ f.kp~ $ 'kr`] d¡ikrs gq,A
izfgr% & iz $ fg $ rQ%] HkstkA
eekiF;dkfj.ke~ & esjs fojks/h dkA
'oLrus & vkus okys dy esaA
rqjx[kqjk?kkrS% & ?kksM+ksa osQ [kqjksa osQ vk?kkr (Vki) lsA
pw.kkZo'ks"ke~ & pwj pwj ek=k 'ks"kA
vUrdiqje~ & ;eyksdA
voè;% & ekjus ;ksX; ughaA
ohf{krqe~ & fo $ bZ{k~ $ rqequ~] ns[kus osQ fy,A
fuHkZfRlZrs & fuj~ $ HkRlZ~ $ ÙkQ] iQVdkjs x,A
cHkwo & Hkw $ fyV~ izFke iq#"k ,dopu (ijks{kHkwr) gqvkA
cy;ks% & nksuksa lsukvksa osQA
v/kZfof'k"VlqHkVs & vk/s cps lSfudksa okysA
n;kohj dFkk 47
ijko`R; & ykSVdjA

HkXuks|ee~ & foiQy ijkØe dkA
rkowprq% & rkS $ Åprq% op~ $ fyV~ izFke iq#"k f}opu] mu nksuksa
us dgkA
nqfHkZ{ke~ & vdkyA
ij'o% & ijlksa (vkus okyk)A
ifjfercy% & de lsuk okykA
izo`¼cysu & cM+h lsuk okys usA
Åpq% & op~ $ fyV~ mÙkeiq#"k cgqopu] dgkA
thO;Hkqt% & thfodk dk miHkksx djus okysA
dkiq#"k% & dk;j (uhp) iq#"kA
ojkd% & cspkjk] vHkkxkA
izgh;rke~ & Hkst nhft,A
liq=kdy=ke~ & iq=k vkSj L=kh osQ lkFkA
yIL;ekue~ & izkIr gksus okysA
lehgrs & pkgrk gSA
foi{kcyokftu% & 'k=kqvksa dh lsuk osQ ?kksM+ksa dksA
oqQ×tjku~ & gkfFk;ksa dksA
ikr;u~ & ir~ $ f.kp~ $ 'kr`] fxjkrs gq,A
dcU/ku~ urZ;u~ & oaQ eq[ka cèukfr&dcU/%] rku~] u`r~ $ f.kp~ $ 'kr`]
dVs gq, 'kjhj osQ /M+ dks upkrs gq,A
esfnuheyÄ~ÑR; & i`Foh dks 'kksfHkr (jax) djosQA
'kj'kfYyrlokZÄ%õ & ck.kksa ls [k.M&[k.M gq, lokZÄõ 'kjhj okysA
lw;Ze.MyHksnh & lw;Ze.My dk Hksnu djus okyk vFkkZr~ ohjxfr dks
izkIrA
vH;kl%
(d) iq#"kijh{kk;k% ys[kd% d%\
([k) vykonhuks uke ;oujkt% dLeS voqQI;r~\
48 'kk'orh
(x) efgeklkfglsukuh izk.kj{kk;S oqQ=k vxPNr~\

(?k) gEehjnso% ;oulsukfuua izfr fdeonr~\
(Ä) gEehjnsosu fuHkZfRlZrs nwrs ;oujkt% fdedjksr~\
(p) HkXuks|ea ;oujkta n`"V~ok rekxR; dkS fefyrkS\
(N) ;q¼lÄïVeoyksD; gEehjnso% LolSfudku~ izfr fdedFk;r~\
(t) êka ifjR;T; nsfg* bR;qÙkQofr ;oulfpos gEehjnso% ra izfr fdeonr~\
(>) 'kj.kkxrj{kk;S d% ohjxfreyHkr~\
2- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka orZekudkys izpfyrk% laKk% fy[kr%
vykonhu%] j.kLrEHknqxZ%] ;ksfxuhiqje~] ;oujkt%A
3- vk'k;a Li"VhoqQ#r
(d) thforkFk± oqQya R;DRok ;ks¿frnwja tuks oztsr~A
yksdkUrjxrL;so ¯d rL; thforsu okAA
([k) o;a Hkorks thO;Hkqt% dFkfenkuha HkoUra Lokfeua
ifjR;T; dkiq#"kinoheuqlfj";ke%A
4- izÑfrizR;;foHkkx% fØ;rke~
KkRok] n`"V~ok] gRok] ifjR;T;] iqjLÑR;] vyÄ~ÑR;] ?kkr;u~] iyk;eku%A
5- izÑfra izR;;a p ;kstf;Rok injpuka oqQ#r
fon~ $ DRok] ijk $ e`'k~ $ Y;i~] fuj~ $ l` $ Y;i~] ir~ $ f.kp~ $ (b)
$ 'kr`] Ñ $ 'kkup~] j{k~ $ rqequ~A
6- v/ksfyf[kr'kCnku~ vkfJR; okD;jpuka oqQ#r
oqQfiRok] ijke`';] vyÄ~ÑR;] urZ;u~] oqQokZ.k%] xUrO;e~] iyk;eku%] jf{krqe~]
yC/oku~A
7- lfU/foPNsn% fØ;rke~
lke"kZ%] HkXuks|ee~] eeSdL;] ;eks¿fi] xrL;so] e;So] rqjxk:<%] bgSr]
pw.kkZfo'ks"ke~A
8- v/ksfyf[krkO;;inkU;k/`R; laLÑrs okD;jpuka oqQ#r
r=k] ;r%] bg] rnk] rr%] p] ;fn] 'o%] ij'o%A
n;kohj dFkk 49
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
lR;k¯glkn;kn;% ln~xq.kk% lnkpkjL; Lo:ia fu/kZj;fUrA lk/qfHk% lnSo n;kn;%
xq.kk% ifjikfyrk%A n;kln`'kfeg ij=k p u ¯dfpnfi orZrsA vr% losZ"kq Hkwrs"kq n;k
drZO;kA
ukReuks¿fi fiz;rj% i`fFkoheuql`R; gA
rLekr~ izkf.k"kq losZ"kq n;kokukReoku~ Hkosr~AA
(egkHkkjre~] vuq- 116&22)
vkrZ=kk.kk; o% 'kL=ka u izgrZqeukxflA
(vfHkKku'kkoqQUrye~&izFkekÄï)
vkrkZukfeg tUrwukekfrZPNsna djksfr ;%A
'kÄ~[kpØxnkghuks f}Hkqt% ijes'oj%AA
uoe% ikB%
foKkuukSdk
izLrqr ikB 1933 esa iqjh (mM+hlk) esa tUes dfo izks- Jhfuokl jFk }kjk
jfpr dfork&laxgz rnso xxua lSo /jk ls lax`ghr gSA Jhfuokl jFk
ckY;dky ls eè;izns'k osQ fofHkUu uxjksa esa jgs rFkk vius firk ls
ikjEifjd i¼fr }kjk laLÑr dk vè;;u djus osQ i'pkr~ mPpf'k{kk
bUgksaus dk'kh fgUnw fo'ofo|ky; esa izkIr dhA ;s foØe fo'ofo|ky;
mTtSu esa laLÑr foHkkx esa izkè;kid ,oa foHkkxkè;{k jgsA
izk;% 40 o"kks± ls ;s laLÑr esa xhr fy[krs vk jgs gSaA buosQ xhrksa
dk mi;qZDr laxzg fgUnh vuqokn osQ lkFk izdkf'kr gks pqdk gSA
izLrqr ikB esa vk/qfud fo'o esa ;kfU=kdrk vkSj Ñf=kerk osQ izfr
c<+rs gq, eksg osQ izfr lpsr fd;k tk jgk gS fd thou ewY;ksa dks
Hkqykdj ubZ HkkSfrd rduhdh ls ekuo dks vfHkHkwr ugha gksuk pkfg,A
foKkuukSdk lekuh;rs
KkuxÄõk foyqIrsfr ukyksD;rsAA
laLÑrks|kunwokZ nfjnzhÑrk
fu"oqQVs"kq Lo;a d.VfdU;kfgrkA
iqf"irkuka yrkuka u j{kk Ñrk
foLr`rk okfVdk;kstuk fufeZrkAA
osQ dFka oqQ=k ok ØUnua oqQoZrs

jktuhfr'e'kkus"kq u Kk;rsA foKkuukSdk-----
foKkuukSdk 51
orZekufLFkfrekZuokuka Ñrs
izR;ga nqfuZfeÙkSo lay{;rsA
;=k oqQ=kkfi 'kkfUr% leq}h{;rs
r=k foèoalchta lek;ksT;rsAA
loZuk'kkFkZfo|So fo|ksrrs
LokFkZj{kkoyEcks¿fi uks fpUR;rsA foKkuukSdk-----
rkjdk;q¼lEHkkouk¿/h;rs
xksiuh;k;q/kuka dFkk Jw;rsA
fo'o'kkfUriz;Rus"kq lan`';rs
fo'olagkjuhfr;ZFkksikL;rsAA
Hkwrys thoj{kk ifj{kh;rs

thouk'kk¿Urfj{ks¿uqlU/h;rsA foKkuukSdk-----
52 'kk'orh
fo'ocU/qRonh{kkxq:.kka ozra
/eZlaLdkjrÙoa crkLra xre~A
yksddY;k.kf'k{kklekjk/ua
gUr! foØh;rs dkO;&lÄïhrZue~AA
;U=keqX/kU/rk¿gfuZ'ka lsO;rs
laLÑfrKkuj{kk u lf×pUR;rsA foKkuukSdk-----
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
lekuh;rs & le~ $ vk $ uh deZokP;] yV~ iz- iq- ,-o-] ykbZ tk
jgh gSA
foyqIrk & fo $ yqi~ $ Dr $ Vki~ L=kh-] yqIr gks xbZ gSA
vkyksD;rs & vk $ yksd~ deZokP;] fn[kkbZ ns jgh gSA
nwokZ & nwc] ?kklA
nfjnzhÑrk & vnfjnzk nfjnzk Ñrk] nfjnz $ fPo $ Ñ $ Dr L=kh- iz-iq-
,-o-] xjhc cuk nh xbZA
fu"oqQVs"kq & ?kjsyw m|kuksa esa] ØhMks|kuA
d.Vfduh & osQDVl (ukxiQuh)
vkfgrk & vk $ /k $ Dr] L=kh-] yxkbZA
okfVdk;kstuk & okfVdkuka ;kstuk] cxhfp;ksa dk fuekZ.kA
fufeZrk & fuj~ $ ek $ Dr] L=kh- iz-iq- ,-o-] fuekZ.k fd;k x;k]
cukbZ xbZA
izR;ga & vgfu] vgfu] vO;;hHkko lekl] izfrfnuA
nqfuZfeÙkk & nq"Va fufeÙka ;L;k% lk] (cgqozhfg%)] veakxfydA
lay{;rs & le~ $ y{;~ $ deZokP;] yV~ydkj] iz-iq- ,-o-] fn[kkbZ
ns jgh gSA
leq}h{;rs & le~ $ mr~ $ fo $ bZ{k~ deZokP;] yV~ydkj] iz-iq-]
fn[kkbZ ns jgh gSA
foèoalchte~ & foèoalL; chta] "k- rRiq#"k] fouk'k dk chtA
foKkuukSdk 53
lek;ksT;rs & le~ $ vk $ ;qt~ $ f.kp~ $ deZokP; yV~]

iz-iq-] ,-o- cks;k tk jgk gSA
loZuk'kkFkZfo|k & loZuk'k $ vFkZfo|k lHkh inkFkks± dk fouk'k
djus okyh fo|kA
fo|ksrrs & fo- milxZ] |qr~ /krq] yV~ ydkj iz-iq-
,-o-] ped jgh gS] fn[kkbZ ns jgh gSA
LokFkZj{kkoyEcks¿fi & LokFkZj{kk $ voyEc% $ vfi] LokFkZL;
j{kk;k% voyEc%] "k- rRiq-] LokFkZj{kk dk
vkJ; HkhA
rkjdk;q¼lEHkkouk & rkjdk.kka ;q¼L; lEHkkouk] felkbyksa dh
yM+kbZ dh lEHkkouk] (LVkj okj)A
vk/h;rs & vk $ /k $ deZokP;] yV~] iz-iq- ,-o-]
fl[kkbZ tk jgh gS] dh tk jgh gSA
xksiuh;k;q/kuka & xksiuh; vk.kfod vL=k&'kL=k vkfnA
fo'olagkjuhfr;ZFkksikL;rs & fo'olagkjuhfr% $ ;Fkk $ mikL;rs] tSls
fo'o osQ fouk'k dh uhfr fl[kkbZ tk
jgh gSA
mikL;rs & mi~ $ vkl~ yV~ iz-iq-] mikluk dh tk
jgh gSA
ifj{kh;rs & ifj $ f{k $ deZokP;] yV~] iz-iq- ,-o-
{kh.k gks jgh gSA
thouk'kk¿Urfj{ks¿uqlU/h;rs & thou $ vk'kk $ vUrfj{ks $ vuqlUèkh;rs]
thou dh vk'kk vkdk'k esa <w¡<+h tk jgh gSA
vuqlU/h;rs & vuq $ le~ $ /k] deZokP;] yV~] iz-iq-
,-o-] vuqlU/ku fd;k tk jgk gSA
crkLraxre~ & cr $ vLra xre~] [ksn gS fd u"V gks xbZA
foØh;rs & fo $ Øh $ deZokP;] yV~] iz-iq- ,-o-]
cspk tk jgk gSA
;U=keqX/kU/rk & ;U=kksa osQ eksg dk vU/dkjA
vgfuZ'ka & vg% p fu'kk p] }U} lekl] fnu jkrA
lf×pUR;rs & le~ $ fpUr~ $ deZokP;] yV~ iz-iq-] ,-o-]
lkspk tk jgk gSA
54 'kk'orh
vH;kl%
(d) ,"kk xhfrdk dLekr~ iqLrdkr~ lax`ghrk\
([k) vL;k% xhfrdk;k% ys[kd% d%\
(x) v=k dk nfjnzhÑrk\
(?k) fu"oqQVs"kq dk vkfgrk\
(Ä) okfVdk;kstuk;ka osQ"kka dkLkka p j{kk u Ñrk\
(p) jktuhfr&'e'kkus"kq ¯d u Kk;rs\
(N) ekuokuka Ñrs oÙkZeku&fLFkfr% dhn`'kh lay{;rsA
(t) vk/qfud;qxs dL;k% voyEc% u fpUR;rs\
(>) fo'o'kkfUriz;Rus"kq dk mikL;rs\
(×k) tuS% vgfuZ'ka dk lsO;rs\
(d) KkuxÄõk ------------- ukyksD;rs\
([k) osQ dFka oqQ=k ok ------------- oqQoZrs\
(x) ;=k oqQ=kkfi ------------- leq}h{;rsA
(?k) xksiuh;k;q/kuka ------------- Jw;rsA
(Ä) Hkwrys ------------- ifj{kh;rsA
3- ^laLÑrks|kunwokZ ------------- fufeZrk* vL; 'yksdL; vk'k;% fgUnhHkk"k;k
Li"VhfØ;rke~
4- v/ksfyf[krinkuka laLÑrokD;s"kq iz;ksxa oqQ#r
KkuxÄõk] Kk;rs] 'kkfUr%] fo|ksrrs] lan`';rs thoj{kk] foØh;rsA
5- ôrZeku ------------ lek;ksT;rs* vL; 'yksdL; vUo;a oqQ#r
6- v/ksfyf[krins"kq lfU/a lfU/PNsna ok oqQ#r
foyqIrsfr] d.Vfduh $ vkfgrk] izR;ga] cr $ vLra] vUrfj{ks $ vuqlU/h;rs]
;FkksikL;rsA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
1- foKkua u osQoya lq[kdje~ vfLr vfirq nq%[kL; ewye~ vfi vfLrA ;Fkk
JhjFkegksn;% dFk;fr&;kfu midj.kkfu vUrfj{ke.Mys iz{ksfirkfu lfUr]
foKkuukSdk 55
rs"kq osQfpr~ mixzgk% rq lUns'koguk; mi;qDrk% HkofUr ija vU;s vusosQ

mixzgk% èkweosQro bo [kxksyd{kklq HkzeUr% fr"BfUrA y{kkfèkdk% dUnqdkdkjk%
vodjlewgk% fofoèks"kq oy;s"kq i`Foha ifjr% HkzefUrA ‡fpr~ Øe'k% d{kkUrja
lk/f;Rok xq#Rokd"kZ.ko'kkr~ rkn`'k% vodj% /wfyd.k:is.k HkwekS vkirfrA
2- izkphuHkkjrs foKkue~
izkphudkys le;L; lw{ekfrlw{ea Lo:ia Kkrqa ;U=kk.kka lgk;rk x`g~;rs LeA
,rL; Ñrs os/'kkykuka fuekZ.ka fØ;rs LeA rRdkyhukuka ;U=kk.kka mYys[k%
'kkL=ks"kq miyH;rsA ;Fkk
fnuxrdkyko;ok Kkrqe'kD;k ;rks fouk ;U=kS%A
o{;s ;U=kkf.k rr% LiQqVkfu lÄ~{ksir% dfrfpr~A
xksyks ukMhoy;a ;f"V% 'kÄ~oqQ?kZVh pØe~A
pkia rq;± iQyda /hjsda ikjekfFkZda ;U=ke~AA
lw;Zfl¼kUrkfn'kkL=ks"kq Hkwxksy&[kxksyfo"k;da Kkue~ miyH;rsA ;Fkk
Hkxou~! fdEizek.kk Hkw% fdekdkjk fdekJ;kA
¯d foHkkxk dFka pk=k lIrikrkyHkwe;%AA
vgksjk=kO;oLFkka p fon/kfr dFka jfo%A
dFka i;sZfr olq/ka Hkqoukfu foHkko;u~AA
dFka i;sZfr olq/ka Hkqoukfu foHkko;u~A
Hkwes#i;qZi;wZèokZ% fdeqRls/k% fdeUrjk%AA
U;k;oS'ksf"kd'kkL=ks"kq vfi lIrekSfydinkFkkZuke~ mYys[k% iworZ % ,o miyH;rsA
r=k nzO;&xq.k&deZ&lkekU;&fo'ks"k& leok;&vHkkoknhuka HksnizHksnkfnØe%
lfoLrja orZrsA
3- JhJhfuokljFkfojfprL; vL; xhrL; rFkSo v/ksfyf[krL; vU;L;
xhrL;kfi vH;kl% JO;&lk/uS% drZaq 'kD;rs&
thouxfrjuqfnueijk
rnso xxua lSo /jkAA
ikiiq.;fo/qjk /j.kh;a
deZiQya Hkork¿¿nj.kh;e~A
uSr}pks¿/quk je.kh;e~
rFkkfi lnln~ foospuh;e~AA
n'ke% ikB%
dUFkkekf.kD;e~
izLrqr ikB vk/qfuddky osQ izfrf"Br laLÑr lkfgR;dkj vfHkjkt
jktsUnzfeJ osQ ,dkadh&laxgz :i#nzh;e~ ls ladfyr gSA
^dUFkkekf.kD;e~* dk vFkZ gS& xqnM+h dk yky! uxj osQ tkus&ekus
gkbZdksVZ osQ odhy HkokuhnÙk dks LoHkkor% fp<+ gS xjhcksa dh cLrh lsA
og ugha pkgrs fd mudk cPpk flU/q xUnh cLrh dh vksj tk;sA ijUrq
la;ksxo'k flU/q dk fe=k lkse/j mlh cLrh esa jgrk gSA
nq?kZVuk esa flU/q osQ vkgr gksus ij ,d fnu ogh lkse/j flUèkq dks
fjD'ks ij cSBkdj ?kj ykrk gSA b/j flU/q osQ ?kj lc fpfUrr gSa fd cPpk
vHkh rd ?kj D;ksa ugha ykSVk\ iQksu ij iQksu gksrs gSAa HkokuhnÙk Lo;a irk
yxkus tkuk gh pkgrs gSa fd ,d fjD'kk ?kj osQ ykWu esa vkrk gS ftl ij
lkseèkj flU/q dks xksn esa l¡Hkkys cSBk nh[krk gSA
lkse/j osQ bl ln~O;ogkj ls HkokuhnÙk dh vk¡[ksa [kqy tkrh gSaA
og mls xqnM+h dk yky eku ysrs gSa vkSj mldh f'k{kk dk lkjk Hkkj
vius Åij ys ysrs gSaA vc mUgaas xjhcksa ,oa mudh cLrh ls cM+h
lgkuqHkwfr gks tkrh gSA
(leqRizsjoaQ f'k'kqtuSdkÄeï )~
AA izFkea n`';e~ AA
uxjL; l?kuolrkS iz[;krkf/oDrqHkZokuhnÙkL; Hkoue~A HkoukUrjs
ifjtukuka okrkZèofu% Jw;rsA
HkokuhnÙk% & jkenÙk! vf; Hkks jkenÙk! gj.k!
(lsodkS jkenÙkgj.kkS llEHkzea /koUrkokxPNr%)
dUFkkekf.kD;e~ 57
gj.k% & (vÄiõ zPNnsu gLrkS ektZ;u~)

vUunkr%! jloR;kekle~A ¯d drq± ;qT;rs\
jkenÙk% & (opksfHk% izlkn;u~)
Lokfeu~! 'khryeku;kfu fdf×pr~ m".ka ok\
vkgksfLor~ iDoofVdknhfu [kkfnrqfePNfr Hkoku~\
HkokuhnÙk% & (jks"kksÙkIrka eq[kkÑfra fdf×pUeLk`.k;u~)
vye~ vye~A losZ¿fi ;w;a fez;èos\ vkgwrks¿fi u
Ük`.kksfr df'pr~\ x`gefLr dL;fpr~ Hknziq#"kL;
HkXuko'ks"kks ok iszrkuke~\
jkenÙk% & (lkijk/eqnze)~
l~ ! l~ Lokfeu~ dk;Z O ;ki` r S j LekfHkuZ Jq r e~ A
rR{keUrkeÂnkrkj%A
HkokuhnÙk% & HkorqA vya ukVosQuA xPN] flU/qeku; rkor~A
fu"ks/a ukV;sPpsr~ d.kZxzkgeku;A
gj.k% & (Hk;HkhrLlu~)
Lokfeu~! ¯d HkrZn` kjosQ.k fdf×pnijk¼e~\ bnkuh&
eso =kQhfMRok lks¿fi lekxr%A LokfeU;k% ik'osZ
Hkfo";frA
HkokuhnÙk% & (dBksjLojs.k)
gj.k! fd;n~okja fufnZ"Vks¿fl ;r~ izopua u dk;ZeA~
;nqP;rs rnso Ük`.kq! fdeoxre~\
gj.k% & (luSjk';e~)
;qÙkQesrr~ Lokfeu~! ,"k xPNkfeA
(gj.kks xPNfrA jkenÙkks¿fi reuqljfrA dfr&
i;fues"kkuUrja }kofi Hk`R;kS HkokuhnÙkL; iqLrdky&
;ekxPNr%A i'pkPpkf/oÙkqQ% iRuh jRukfi nkjosQ.k
lk/Zek;kfr)
jRuk & ¯d o`Ùke~\ v|kxrizk; ,o okR;kpØeqRFkki;fl\
dfLaef'pn~ okns ijkftrks¿fl fde~\
58 'kk'orh
HkokuhnÙk% & ck<e~A x`gs'ofj! ijkftrks¿fLe ro U;k;ky;sA

(gj.kjkenÙkkS eq[ks djizks×Nuha foU;L;k¿V~Vgkla jks¼qa
iz;rsr)s
HkokuhnÙk% & (lsodkS izfr)
Hkks ;qoka r=k fdeqitiFk%\ iyk;sFkka rr%A
(Hk`R;kS glUrkS x`gkH;Urja iyk;srs)
jRuk & (lfLere~)
vforFka Hk.k] ¯d o`Ùke~\ eu%fLFkfr% dFke|
laL[kyfr\
HkokuhnÙk% & (iz{kkyunzks.;ka eq[ka iz{kkY;] izPNnsu p gLra eq[ka
ektZ;u~)
Hk.kkfe] Hk.kkfeA flU/ks! brLrkor~A
flU/q% & (lHk;a dkrjn`"V~;k tuuha i';u~)
vEc!
HkokuhnÙk% & (dBksjn`"V~;k i';u~)
flU/ks! brLrkor~ A rkr vkà;fr ukEckA vkxPNA
jRuk & (nkjoaQ yky;Urh lfoLe;e~)
Hkks ¯d Ñroku~ flU/q%! dFkesoa O;ogjfl]
lekxPNUuso vfXua o"kZ;fl\ vgefi rkonk&
d.kZ;kfuA
HkokuhnÙk% & nsfo! rnso ofPe ;Ùko flU/quk lekpfjre~A dFka
Hkks%] vlH;kuka olrkS fdeFk± xrokufl\
flU/q% & (lHk;e~) rkr! ee l[kk lkse/jLr=k fuolfrA
rr% LoiqLrda xzghraq xrks¿fLeA
HkokuhnÙk% & ¯d djksfr rL; firk\
flU/q% & rL; firk prq'pØs 'kdVs fu/k; 'kkdku~ iQykfu
p foØh.khrsA
HkokuhnÙk% & ro firk p ¯d djksfr\
flU/q% & l rq mPpU;k;ky;s¿f/oDrk¿fLrA
dUFkkekf.kD;e~ 59
HkokuhnÙk% & dhn`'ka ro Hkoue~\

flU/q% & vfrlqUnja fo'kkya ekftZra p ee Hkoue~ A
HkokuhnÙk% & lkseèkjL; p dhn`'ke~\
flU/q% & (grizHk% lu~\)
rL; x`ga ukfrnh?kZeA~ vLoPNohfFkdk;k×p fLFkre~A
u ekftZra u pkI;yÑre~A
HkokuhnÙk% & (lØks/e~)
ew[kZ! rL; x`gefi ukfrnh?kZe~A vLoPNohfFkdk;ka
fLFkre!A rL; firk¿fi 'kkdiQyfoØsrk] u ro
rkr bo f'kf{kr%A ,oEHkwr¿s fi fdeFk± r=kk¿xeLRoe~\
flU/q% & (lnSU;e~)
rkr! lkse/j% ee lqânfLrA l iBus¿fi rh{.k%A
eÕ;frrjka fLuÞ;R;lkSA rLeknko;ks% izxk<k fe=krkA
l xf.krs ee lkgkÕ;a djksfrA
HkokuhnÙk% & Hkks% i`PNkE;ga ;Ùksu lg Ro;k l[;eso dLekRÑre~A
rLeS LoiqLroaQ dLekn~ nÙke~\ fdeqPpoqQyksRi&
Âk'Nk=kk% d{kk;ka u lfUr\
flU/q% & (fu#ÙkjLlu~)
rkr! lkse/jks ef; fLug~;frA l eáefi jksprsA
vU;s Nk=kkLrq nq"Vk%A eekè;kfidk lkse/ja d{kk;k&
ekU;rja (ekuhVj) ÑrorhA
HkokuhnÙk% & (lks}sosxe~)
Roa dFka u ekU;rj% Ñr%\ iQy'kkdfoØsrqnkZjd%
dFka Rokefr'ksrs\
(flU/ks% d.k± fdf×pRoqQCthoqQoZu)~
i';] brks¿xzs rL;kelH;olrkS u xfe";flA vr%
ija f'k{kdks HkoUra xf.kreè;kif;";frA voxra
u ok\ lkse/js.k lkoaQ eS=kho/ZuL; u dkI;ko&
';drkA
(flU/qjLiqqQVa #nu~ x`gkH;Urja izfo'kfr)
60 'kk'orh
jRuk & (ljks"ke~)

lk/q lk/q! foy{k.ka fir`ân;eokIre~A dkseyân;a
ckyda fo}s"kHkkoa f'k{k;fr Hkoku~\ v;s] ;ks
xq.koku~ l ,o lH;% l ,o /fud%] l ,o
vknj.kh;%A rL; xq.kor% firk ;fn 'kkdiQykfu
foØh; oqQVqEca iky;fr] rfgZ fde=k ikie~\ Lo&
ladh.kZn`f"Veiyfirqa ojkdL; nkjdL; d.kZeso
Hk×tf;rqa izoÙ` kks¿flA (nqeuZ k;ekuk x`gkH;Urja izfo'kfr)
AA tofudkikr%AA
AA f}rh;a n`';e~AA
lUè;kdkyL; prqokZnuosyk vf/oÙkQk HkokuhnÙk%
LoiqLrdky;s fu"k..kks nwjHkk"k;U=ka cgq'k% izorZ;frA
Hkk;kZ jRukfi ik'oZLFkkeklUnheqifo'; fpUrka
ukV;frA
HkokuhnÙk% & (;U=keqi;kst;u~)
Hkks% fdfena Hkj}ktfo|kfuosQrue~\ dk uq [kyq
Hkorh czohfr\ (Jqfra ukV;u~) izkpk;kZ\ 'kksHkua
'kksHkue~A v;ega HkokuhnÙkks czohfeA ueLdjksfe
rkor~A Jw;rka rkor~A prqofnua tkre~A ijUrq ee
nkjdfLlUèkq% bnkuha ;kon~ x`ga uksiko`Ùk%A ¯d
fo|ky;s¿| df'pUegksRloks orZrs\
(JqfrefHkuh;) fdeqDre~\ liknf=koknu ,okodk'kks
tkr%A losZ¿fi Nk=kk xrk! ck<e~A i';kfeA
jRuk & (llEHkzee~!)
fdeqÙkQorh izkpk;kZ\ f=koknus¿odk'kks tkr%\ Hkks
ee ân;a dEirsA flU/q% Do orZr\s Hkoku~ Rofjreso
LowQVj;kusu xPNrqA i';rq rkoUeè;sekx± fo|ky;&
okgua Do orZrs\ gs ijes'oj! j{k ee nkjde~!
(bfr jksfnfr)
dUFkkekf.kD;e~ 61
HkokuhnÙk% & (lkURo;u~)

xPNkfe] xPNkfeA Roa iqu% f'k'kqfjo /S;gZ huk tk;lsA
dLekUeufl veÄõyeso fpUr;fl\
jRuk & HkokÂ tkukfr jktiFko`Ùke~A e|ik okgupkydk
>×>osxsu ;kua pky;fUrA dks¿fi fez;sr ok
thosn~okA rs"kka grdkuka fda tk;rs\ ,rRlo± Lekja
Lekja fueTtrho ee ân;e~A
HkokuhnÙk% & HkorqA 'kkUrk HkoA RofjrekxPNkfeA
(bfr izLFkkrqeqiØersA vdLeknso fjD'kk;kuesda
HkouizkÄõ.ks izfo'kfrA df'pn~ckyd% flU/qeÄïs fuèk;k
fjD'kk;kus fr"BUukLrs)
HkokuhnÙk% & (lRojeqil`R;)
v;s fdfene~\
(flU/qa foyksD;)
oRl! lkse/jLRoesokfl\
lkse/j% & (lfou;e~)
firÒ;! vgesokfLe lkse/j% flU/ksfeZ=ke~A flU/ks&
foZ|ky;okgue| osQufpr~ Vªd;kusu n`<ekgre~A
VªdpkydLRoiØkUr%A loZ¿s fi ckydk% {krfo{krk
tkrk%A
HkokuhnÙk% & oRl! Roa iqu% oqQ=kk¿lh%\
lkse/j% & firÒ;! vga iqu% izfrfnufeo v|kfi ink&
frjsokxPNÂkle~A nq?kZVukeuq i×pfues"kkuUrjeso
r=kklkfnroku~A egku~ tulEenZLr=kk¿lhr~A flU/qa
izR;fHkKk;] vga iquLra fjD'kk;kuef/jksI; Rofjra
izpfyr%A firÒ;%! ukR;kfgra fdefiA flU/q% osQoya
ewPNkZeqixr%A
(okrkZykia JqRok Hk`R;kS jRuk p cfgjk;kfUrA jRuk flUèkqa
fuLlaKa n`"V~ok Hk`'ka jksfnfr)
62 'kk'orh
lkse/j% & vEc! vya psruka [kyhÑR;A MkWDVj/wfy;kegksn;&

eku;kehnkuhesoA izfros'k ,o fuolR;lkSA
HkokuhnÙk% & oRl lkse/j! ek xk% oqQ=kkfi Roe~A ekr`lehieso
fr"BA vga nwjHkk"k;a=ks.kSo fHk"ktekg~o;kfeA
(eè; ,o flU/q'psrukeuqHkofrA lks¿Eckà;fr)
lkse/j% & (lg"kZe~)
firÒ;pj.k! vya fHk"kxkg~okusuA flUèkq'pSrU;ekxr%A
(HkokuhnÙk% nkjdlehia xPNfrA jRukus=ks vkuUnkJqifw jrs
tk;srs)
flU/q% & (vEcka rkra lkse/j×p n`"V~ok)
vEc! dFkega x`gekxr%\ ee okguUrq Vªd;kusu
n`<ekgreklhr~A o;a losZ¿fi rkjLojs.kkØks'kkeA
okgueLekda foi;ZLreklhr~A
jRuk & (nkjoaQ izpqEcUrh)
,oesrr~ oRl! foi;ZLra ro okgue~A lkseèkj&
LRokekuhroku~ fjD'kk;kusuA
flU/q% & (liz.k;e~)
lksew\
(vdLeknso firjeqifLFkra n`"V~ok flU/q% f'kfFkyhHkofrA
HkokuhnÙkks¿xzsljhHkw; lkse/j'kh"ksZ djrya lkj;frA
flUèkqn`f"VnhZfIreqixPNfr)
lkse/j% & (lLusge~)
flU/ks! vya Hk;suA loZFkkukgrks¿fl izHkqÑi;kA
'o vkoka iqufoZ|ky;a xfe";ko%A Hkorq] firÒ;!
xPNkfe bnkuhe~A ueLrsA vEc! ueLrs!!
HkokuhnÙk% & (lekfn'kfÂo)
oRl lkse/j! fe=kx`gkUuSoa xUrO;e~A fr"B rkor~A
o;a losZ¿fi lgSokYikgkja fuoZrZf;";ke%A lihR;&
uUrja xPNflA
dUFkkekf.kD;e~ 63
lkse/j% & firÒ;pj.k! Lofirq% 'kkd'kdV~;k% lTtk e;So

dj.kh;k orZrsA l eka izrh{kek.kks Hkfo";frA
HkokuhnÙk% & (grizHk% lu~)
oRl lkse/j! lR;esokfl Roa dUFkkekf.kD;e~A
flUèkqLRokefrrjka iz'kalfrA br% izHk`fr ro f'k{k.k&
O;oLFkkega lEiknf;";kfeA
(Hk`R;kS vYikgkjeku;r%A losZ¿fi fu"khnUR;f'krqe)~
ck<e~A lkse/j! 'o ,okga ;qo;ks% Ñrs f}pfØosQ
Øs";kfeA ;qokaa}kofi lko/kua izorZ;re~A lgSok&
xPNra lgSo xPNre~A oRl! 'kqYdefi nnkfl\
lkse/j% & u [kyqA 'kqYdLrq eqÙkQ%A fu/ZuPNk=fufèkr% i×p&
foaa'kfr:I;dkf.k izfrekla izkI;UrsA
HkokuhnÙk% & 'kksHkue~A oRl! rFkkfi ;fn /ueis{;rs rfgZ eka
Hkf.k";flA (jRuk ifra lxo± i';fr)
lkse/j% & (pk;is;a ifjlekI; leqfÙk"Bu~)
firÒ;pj.k! xPNkfe rkor~A ueLrsA
(jRuka izfr)
vEc! iz.kekfeA
(flU/qa yky;u~)
fe=k flU/ks! 'oks fefy";ko%A
HkokuhnÙk% & (lg"k± jRuka izfr)
jRus! mn~?kkfVra Ro;k¿| ee us=k;qxye~A lR;eso
lEizfr flUèofHk#fpa iz'kalkfeA lkse/jLrq dUFkk&
ekf.kD;eso orZrsA bnkuheuqHkwrEe;k ;n~xq.koUr
,o lH;k% /fudk% lEekuuh;k'pA u es }s"kLlEizfr
xzkE;olfra izfrA iÄsï¿fi deya fodlfrA jRus!
v|izHk`R;ga RoÂs=kkH;ka lalkja nz{;kfeA
AA 'kuStZofudk irfr AA
64 'kk'orh
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
jloR;ke~ & ikd'kky;ke~ (jlorh l-,-o-)] jlksbZ ?kj esaA
izlkn;u~ & eksn;u~ (iz $ ln~ $ 'kr`)] izlUu djrs gq,A
vkgksfLor~ & vFkok (vO;;)] ;kA
iDoofVdk & [kk|inkFkZfo'ks"k%] idkSM+hA
el`.k;u~ & el`.ka oqQoZu~ (el`.kinsu uke/krqiz;ksx%)] dksey
cukrs gq,A
HkXuko'ks"k% & HkXuHkoue~] [kaMgjA
dk;ZO;ki`rS% & dk;sZ"kq O;ki`rS%] dk;Z esa yxs (O;Lr) gksus lsA
luSjk';e~ & uSjk';s.k lfgre~] fujk'kk ls ;qDr (gksdj)A
nkjosQ.klk/Ze~ & iq=ks.k lfgre~] iq=k osQ lkFkA
okR;kpØe~ & >a>kokr%] rwiQkuA
djizks×Nuhe~ & gLrizks×Nuhe~] rkSfy;k dks (gkFk ikasNus osQ
oL=k dks)A
mitiFk% & okrkZykia oqQ#Fk%] dkukiQwlh dj jgs gksA
vforFka Hk.k & lR;a on_ lp crkvksA
iz{kkyunzks.;ke~ & eq[kiz{kkyuik=ks_ iz{kkyuk; nzks.kh rL;ke~] eq¡g /ksus
osQ fy, ik=k ijkr] rlyk vkfnA
ofPe & onkfe] cksyrk gw¡A
fu"k..k% & mifo"V% (fu $ ln~ $ Dr)] cSBk gqvkA
vklUnhe~ & vklfUndk;ke~] oqQlhZ ijA
miko`Ùk% & izR;kxr% (mi $ o`×k~ $ Dr)] ykSVk gSA
izR;fHkKk; & KkRok vocqn~è;] igpkudjA
izfros'ks & lehiLFks x`gs] iM+ksl esaA
fHk"kte~ & oS|e~ (fcHksfr vLekr~ jksx% Hkh $ "kqo~Q ßLo'p)]
oS| dksA
foi;ZLre~ & O;qRØkUre~ nq?kZfVre~ (fo $ ifj $ vl~ $ Dr)]
myV x;kA
dUFkkekf.kD;e~ & th.kZoL=ks"kq jRue~] xqnM+h dk ykyA
dUFkkekf.kD;e~ 65
vH;kl%
(d) jkenÙk% opksfHk% izlkn;u~ Lokfeua fda i`PNfr\
([k) HkokuhnÙkL; LoHkko% dhn`'k% of.kZr%\
(x) HkokuhnÙkL; iRU;k% uke fde~ vfLr\
(?k) lkseèkjL; x`ga dhn`'ke~ vklhr~\
(Ä) d;ks% eè;s izxk<k fe=krk vklhr~\
(p) dL; foyEcsu vkxeus jRuk fpfUrrk\
(N) jRuk jktiFkfo"k;s fda dFk;fr\
(t) d% izfrfnua inkfr% xeukxeua djksfr Le\
(>) d% oS|a nwjHkk"ks.k vkg~o;fr\
(×k) lkseèkj% dFka /ughuks¿fi lEekuuh;%\
2- fgUnhHkk"k;k vk'k;a O;k[;ka ok fy[kr
(d) ¯d o`Ùke~\ v|kxrizk; ,o okR;kpØe~ mRFkki;fl\ jRuk;k% vusu
okD;su HkokuhnÙkL; pfj=ka mn~?kkfVra HkofrA
([k) i';] brks¿xzs rL;kelH;olrkS u xfe";flA
(x) Hkoku~ u tkukfr jktiFko`Ùke~A
(?k) flU/ks ! vya Hk;suA loZFkkukgrks¿fl izHkqÑi;kA
3- vL; ikBL; 'kh"kZdL; mn~ns';a la{ksis.k ,dfLeu~ vuqPNsns fgUnhHkk"k;k
fy[kr
4- v/ksfyf[krs"kq fo'ks";ins"kq fo'ks"k.kinkfu ikBkr~ fpRok ;kst;r

(d) --------------- eq[kkÑfre~A
([k) --------------- vLekfHk%A
(x) --------------- Hk`R;kSA
(?k) --------------- fe=krkA
(Ä) --------------- nkjdL;A
(p) --------------- ckydk%A
66 'kk'orh

ektZ;u~] vku;] ik'os]Z nkjosQ.k] iz{kky;fr] lfoLe;e~] ofPe] 'kdVs] fLug~;fr]
vklUnh
6- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka lfU/a lfU/foPNsna p oqQ#r
(d) HkXuko'ks"k% ¾ ------------------------------
([k) }kS $ vfi ¾ ------------------------------
(x) i'pkPp ¾ ------------------------------
(?k) ijkftr% $ vfl ¾ ------------------------------
(Ä) pkI;yÄ~Ñre~ ¾ ------------------------------
(p) d% $ fpr~ ¾ ------------------------------
7- ikBekfJR; jRuk;k% lkse/jL; p pkfjf=kdoSf'k"V~;e~ lksnkgj.ka
fgUnhHkk"k;k fy[kr
8- dks"BkfÄïrs"kq ins"kq mi;qDrina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r
(d) Hkoku~A iDookfVdknhfu [kkfnrqe~ ------------------- (bPNfl@bPNfUr@bPNfr)A
([k) ----------------------------- u Jqre~A (vge~@vLekfHk%@eke~)
(x) gj.kjkenÙkkS vV~Vgkla jks¼aq ----------------------------- A (iz;rrs@iz;rsr@s iz;rls)A
(?k) us=kkH;ka lalkja ----------------------------- (nf'kZ";kfe@nz{;kfe)
(Ä) lkse/j% Roka ----------------------------- (vkuhr% vkuhroku~@vkuhre~)A
9- v/ksfyf[krkuka dFkukuka oDrk d%@dk\
dFkue~ oDrk
(d) rR{keUrkeUunkrkj% &
([k) rkr! lkse/j% ef; fLug~;fr &
(x) v;s ;ks xq.koku~ l ,o lH;%
l ,o /fud% l ,o vknj.kh;% &
(?k) Roa iqu% f'k'kqfjo /S;Zghuk tk;ls &
(Ä) firÒ;pj.k! Lofirq% 'kkd'kdV~;k%
lTtk e;So dj.kh;k orZrsA &
(p) oRl lkse/j! lR;esokfl Roa
dUFkkekf.kD;e~A &
dUFkkekf.kD;e~ 67
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
1- ikBxrL; vk'k;L; fLFkjhdj.kk; v/ksfyf[krlwÙkQ;% nh;Urs
(d) lEiÙkkS p foiÙkkS p egrkesd:irkA
([k) vkiRlq fe=ka tkuh;kr~A
(x) mRlos O;lus pSo nqfHkZ{ks jk"VªfoIyosA
jkt}kjs 'e'kkus p ;fLr"Bfr l ckUèko%AA
(?k) u df'pRdL;fpfUe=ka u df'pRdL;fpfnziq%A
O;ogkjs.k fe=kkf.k tk;Urs fjioLrFkkAA
(Ä) u ekrfj u nkjs"kq u lksn;sZ u pkRetsA
fo'oklLrkn`'k% iqalka ;kn`Ä~fe=ks LoHkkotsAA
(p) fe=ka izhfrjlk;ua u;u;ksjkuUnua psrl%
ik=ka ;Rlq[knq[k;ks% lg HkosfUe=ks.k rn~nqyZHke~A
;s pkU;s lqân% le`f¼le;s nzO;kfHkyk"kkoqQyk&
Lrs loZ=k feyfUr rÙofud"kxzkok rq rs"kka foir~AA
2- vL; :idL; laoknkuka ukV~;izLrqr;s vH;kl% dk;Z%
,dkn'k% ikB%
bZ'k% oqQ=kkfLr
izLrqr ikB ukscy
s iqjLdkj fotsrk dohUnz johUnzukFk VSxksj dh fo'ofo[;kr
Ñfr xhrk×tfy osQ laLÑr vuqokn ls ladfyr gSA blesa dfo us bZ'oj
dh okLrfod lÙkk dks fdlkuksa] etnwjksa vkSj xjhcksa esa n'kkZ;k gSA blosQ
vuqoknd dks- y- O;kljk; 'kkL=kh gSaA
nsokxkjs fifgr}kjs
rekso`rs¿fLeu~ Hktls de~ \
R;t tiekyka R;t ro xkua
ukLR;=ks'k% LiQqV; n`'ke~AA
r=kkLrh'k%] dfBuka Hkwfea

;=k fg d"kZfr ykÄfõ yd%A
;=k p tuinjF;kdrkZ
izLrj[k.Mku~ nkj;rsAA
bZ'k% oqQ=kkfLr 69
bZ'kfLr"Bfr o"kkZri;ks&
LrkH;ka lk/± efyuoiq%A
nwjs f{ki ro 'kq¼ka 'kkVh&
esfg l bo ikalqjHkwfee~AA
eqfÙkQ%\ Douq lk n`';k eqfÙkQ%!

lyhyeh'k% l`tfr Hkqoe~A
fr"Bfr pkLef¼rkfHkyk"kh
lfo/ss¿Lekda fe"ku~ lnkAA
èokua fgRok cfgjsfg Roa

R;t ro oqQlqea R;t /wie~A
i';afLr"B LosntyknzZ&
LrfÂdVs dk;Z{ks=ksAA
;fn ro olua /wlfjra L;kr~

;fn p lgÏfPNæa L;kr~A
dk ok {kfrfjg rsu HkosÙks
rÙofena fpUr; fpÙksAA
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
nsokxkjs & nsoL; vkxkjs] nsoefUnj esaA
fifgr}kjs & fifgra }kja ;L; rr~ rfLeu~] cUn njokts okys (esa)A
rekso`rs & relko`rs] vU/dkj ls vkPNkfnr (esa)A
tiekyke~ & tik; ekyke~] eU=kkfn osQ tius dh ekyk dksA
ukLR;=ks'k% & u $ vfLr $ v=k $ bZ'k%] ;gk¡ bZ'oj ugha gSA
LiQqV; & [kksyksA
n`'ke~ & n`f"V (vk¡[ksa) dksA
r=kkLrh'k% & r=k$ vfLr $ bZ'k%] bZ'oj ogk¡ gSA
70 'kk'orh
d"kZfr & gy pykrk gSA

ykÄõfyd% & gyokgkA
tuinjF;kdrkZ & tuinL; jF;k;k% drkZ] tuin dh lM+d cukus
okykA
izLrj[k.Mku~ & izLrjk.kka [k.Mku~] iRFkjksa osQ VqdM+ksa dksA
nkj;rs & rksM+rk gSA
bZ'kfLr"Bfr & bZ'k% $ fr"BfrA
o"kkZri;ks% & o"kkZ p vkri'p o"kkZrikS r;ks%] o"kkZ vkSj èkwi esaA
efyuoiq% & efyua oiq% ;L; l% vFkkZr~ nhu%] eSy;qDr 'kjhj
okyk vFkkZr~ nhuA
'kq¼ke~ & lkiQ (LoPN)A
'kkVhe~ & lkM+h dksA
ikalqjHkwfee~ & /wfy/wlfjr] tehu ijA
lyhye~ & yhy;k lg] yhyk (ØhMk) osQ lkFkA
pkLef¼rkfHkyk"kh & p $ vLen~ $ fgr $ vfHkyk"kh] vLekoaQ fgrL;
vfHkyk"kh] gekjk fgr pkgus okykA
lfo/s & lehi esaA
fe"ku~ & ns[krk gqvkA
cfgjsfg & cfg% ,fg] ckgj vkvksA
i';afLr"B & i';u~ $ fr"B] ns[krs jgksA
LosntyknZz% & Losntysu vknzZ%] ilhus ls yriFkA
rfUudVs & rr~ $ fudVs] mlosQ lehi esaA
dk;Z{ks=ks & dk;ZL; {ks=ks] dk;Z djus dh txg ijA
olue~ & oL=kA
lgLkzfPNnze~ & lgÏkf.k fNnzkf.k ;fLeu~ rr~] gtkjksa fNnzksa okyk
(iQVk&iqjkuk)A
{kfr% & gkfuA
rÙofene~ & rRoe~ $ bne~] bl rÙo dksA
fpUr; & fopkj djksA
fpÙks & fpÙk esa (eu esa)A
bZ'k% oqQ=kkfLr 71
vH;kl%
1- laLÑrHkk"k;k mÙkja nh;rke~
(d) bZ'k% oqQ=kkfLr\ bfr ikB% dLekn~ xzUFkkRlÄïfyr%\
([k) ykÄõfyd% fda djksfr\
(x) izLrj[k.Mku~ d% nkj;rs\
(?k) bZ'oj% dkH;ka lk¼± fr"Bfr\
(Ä) dfo% tuku~ oqQ=k xUrqa izsj;fr\
(p) dfo% fda fpUrf;rqa dFk;fr\
2- ^^r=kkLrh'k% dfBuka Hkwfea ------------ nkj;rs**A bR;L; dkO;ka'kL; O;k[;k
fgUnhHkk"k;k drZO;k
(d) vfLeu~ ---------------------------- oaQ HktlsA
([k) LosntyknzZ% ---------------------------- fr"BA
(x) è;kua fgRok ---------------------------- ,fg A
(?k) ;fn ro ---------------------------- èkwlfjra L;kr~ A
lk¼Ze~] lfo/s] fgRok] ,fg] /wlfjre~] Hkosr~ A
5- v/ksfyf[krs"kq lfU/a oqQ#r
rekso`rs $ vfLeu~ ¾ -------------------
bZ'k% $ fr"Bfr ¾ -------------------
cfg% $ ,fg ¾ -------------------
6- v/ks¿fÄïrs"kq lfU/foPNsna oqQ#r

ukLR;=ks'k% ¾ ------------ $ ------------
i';afLr"B ¾ ------------ $ ------------
rfÂdVs ¾ ------------ $ ------------
7- bZ'kfLr"Bfr ---------- ikalqjHkwfee~] bR;L; 'yksdL; vUo;a fy[kr

72 'kk'orh
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
ikBxrL; vk'k;L; fLFkjhdj.kk; v/ksfyf[kr & lwDr;% nh;Urs
eu% {kksHka u dL;kfi
izoqQohZr dFk×puA
vkrksZPN~oklSfgZ nhukuka
txr~ lo± iz.k';frAA1AA
c¼k×tfyiqVk Hk`R;k
foÙks'kku~ leqikLkrsA
rsH;Lrq rs egh;kal%
oqQoZrs ;s JekpZue~AA2AA
lEHkj.ksu nhukuka
foink'kq foyh;rsA
fß;Urs¿nkr` & foÙkkfu
fgalosQnZL;qfHkcZykr~AA3AA
nhua izfr ?k`.kkHkko%
dÙkZO;ks u dnkpuA
Ñikik=ka l rs HkDr%
ikidekZ HkoUufiAA4AA
v'kDrefi dk;sZ"kq
v'kDra ekoxPN eke~A
leFkZ bfr eRok eka
O;ogkja oqQ#"o Hkks%AA5AA
ikBL; Hkkoa psrfl izo/Zuk; dkfufpr~ leHkkoxhrkfu vfi JkO;lk/uS%
Jkof;rO;kfuA
}kn'k% ikB%
xkfU/u% laLej.ke~
jk"Vªfirk egkRek xk¡/h us 36 o"kZ dh vk;q esa vius laLej.kksa dks
,df=kr dj viuh vkRedFkk ekr`Hkk"kk xqtjkrh esa fy[khA blosQ vuUrj
fo'o dh vusd Hkk"kkvksa esa bldk vuqokn fd;k x;kA Lo;a xk¡/h th
us Jhfuokl 'kkL=kh osQ lg;ksx ls bldk ifj'kksèku fd;kA xk¡èkh th osQ
vuqlkj mudh vkRedFkk vkReijh{k.k osQ :i esa gSA
if.Mr gkslosQjs ukxIi 'kkL=kh th us xk¡/h th dh vkRedFkk dks
laLÑr Hkk"kk esa ^lR;'kks/ue~* uked xzUFk osQ :i esa vuwfnr fd;kA
izLrqr ikB blh xzUFk ls fy;k x;k gSA blesa ;g of.kZr fd;k x;k
gS fd cpiu esa xk¡/h th fdl izdkj Jo.koqQekj dh ekr`&fir`HkfÙkQ
,oa lR;oknh jktk gfj'pUnz dh lR;fu"Bk ls vfHkHkwr gq,A
ee fi=kk ØhRok LFkkfirL; Jo.kfir`HkDR;k[;ukVdxzUFkL;ksifj

dFkefi es n`f"Vjirr~A resua rRijr;kgeiBe~A rRdkyeso xzkekn~xkz ea
74 'kk'orh
i;ZVUr% iqÙkfydkizn'kZuksithfou% osQfpnLen~xkz eeqikxeu~A rRiznf'kZr&

iqÙkfydklq ;k=kkeqfí'; LdU/koyfEcoho/su LoekrkfirjkS ogekuL;
Jo.kL; izfrÑfrjsdk voyksfdrkA ,rRiqLroaQ iqÙkfydk psfr };a
fefyRok Jo.kdFkka es eul% dnkI;izektZuh;kedjksr~A Jo.kL;
fir`HkfÙkQjkn'kZ:is.k Ro;k LFkkiuh;sR;kReukRekuecks/;e~A Jo.kL;
ej.ksu lUrI;eku;ksLrfRi=kksfoZykiks¿|kfi es eufl iqu%iqu% Jw;rs
boA enFksZ fi=kk forh.ksZu ok|su regekyki;e~A l jkxks es ân;a
rUe;edjksr~A
ukVdkUrjlEcfU/U;ijk rRln`'kh ?kVuSdk lao`ÙkkA ,rRdkyeso
d;kfi ukVde.MY;k iz;qÙkaQ ukVdeoyksdf;rqa firqjuqKke~
vè;xPNe~A rÂkVoaQ gfj'pUnzpfjrkRedeklhr~A rnsrYykspuklspuda
ee ekuled"kZr~A fdURouqKka dfrÑRo% izkI; xUrqa 'kD;srA
rFkkI;srfÂfeÙka O;lua uSo ekeeq×pr~A fuLla[;okjfena ukVda e;k
Lo;a eulk iz;Dq ra L;kr~A gfj'pUnz.s kso loSjZ fi dLekRl& R;ofn~HkuZ
HkforO;e~A bR;s"k iz'uks fnokfu'ka es eufl iqu%iqu% vLiQqjr~
lR;kuqlj.ka lR;L;kFksZ gfj'pUnzofÂfoZdYisu eulk Dys'kkukeuqHko%A
bR;s"k vkn'kZ ,d ,o es euL;kfojHkwr~A gfj'pUnzdFkk;ke{kj'k%
lR;Roizrhfrjklhr~A loZL;kL; Lej.keusd'kks es us=kkH;keJwf.k
fuLlkfjrkfuA gfj'pUnzJo.kkoqHkkofi ee ân;s fuR;lafufgrkS Lr%A
v|kfi rÂkVdikBsu iwoZoUes ân;a foyh;r bR;ga tkusAA
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
ØhRok & [kjhnh gqbZA
LFkkfirL; & j[kh gqbZ] lqjf{krA
Jo.kfir`HkDR;k[; & Jo.kfir`HkfÙkQ bfr vk[;k ;L; rr~ ukVde~]
^Jo.kfir`HkfÙkQ* uke okysA
i;ZVUr% & ifj $ vV~ $ 'kr` iz-fo-c-o-] ?kwers gq,A
xkfU/u% laLej.ke~ 75
iqÙkfydk$izn'kZu$mithfou% & dBiqryh dk ukp fn[kk dj thfodk

pykus okysA
mikxeu~ & mi $ vkÄ~ $ xe~ $ yq Ä ~ iz - iq -
c-o-] vk;sA
LdU/$voyfEc$oho/su & dU/s ij yVdh dk¡oM (c¡gxh)A
ogekuL; & og~ $ 'kkup~ "k"Bh ,- o-] <ksrs gq,] mBkrs
gq,] ys tkrs gq,A
izfrÑfr% & fp=k] iQksVksA
voyksfdrk & ns[khA
dnkfi$vizektZuh;ke~ & dHkh u feVus okyh (vfeV)A
LFkkiuh;k $ bfr $ vkReuk & LFkkfir djuk pkfg;s ,slk Lo;a dks
$ vkRekue~ vcks/;e~ Lo;a ls gh le>k;kA
lUrI;eku;ks% & le~ $ ri~ /kkrq deZokP; $ 'kkup~]
rM+irs gq, (dk) "k"Bh f}-o- nq[kh gksrs
gq, (dk)A
rfRi=kks%$foyki%$v|kfi & mlosQ ekrk&firk dk jksnu vkt Hkh
forh.kZ;k & iznÙk;k] nh xbZA
vkyki;e~ & (vkÄ~ $ yi~ f.kp~ $ m-iq- ,-o-)] xk;kA
vuqKke~ & vkKk dks (vuq $ Kk $ vÄ~ Vki~
f}- ,-o-)A
vè;xPNe~ & izkIr fd;kA
rr~$,rr~$ykspu$vklspude~ & vk¡[kksa dks 'khry djus okys ,sls ml
ukVd dks] us=kkuUnnk;d ml ukVd dksA
vd"kZr~ & vkÑ"V fd;kA
dfrÑRo% & dfr $ ÑRol~ vO;;] fdruh ckjA
xUrqa 'kD;sr & 'kd~ $ deZokP; $ fof/ iz-iq-,-o-]
tk;k tk ldrk gSA
O;lue~ & yxu] vklfÙkQA
fuLla[;okje~ & vusd ckj] cgqr ckjA
fnokfu'ke~ & fnok p fu'kk p] r;ks % lekgkj%]
}U}lekl%] fnu&jkrA
76 'kk'orh
iqu%iqu% vLiqQjr~ & LiqQj~ $ yÄ~ (iz-iq- ,-o-) ckj&ckj mHkjrk gqvkA
gfj'pUnzor~ fufoZdYisu & gfj'pUnz osQ leku lPps (lR;fu"B)A
eufl $ vkfojHkwr~ & eu esa izdV gqvkA
fuLlkfjrkfu & cgk;s gSaA
foyh;rs & yhu gks jgk gSA
vH;kl%
(d) izLrqr% ikB% dLekn~ xzUFkkr~ lÄïfyr%\
([k) xkfU/u% vkRedFkk ewyr% dL;ka Hkk"kk;ka fyf[krk \
(x) xkfU/u% vkRedFkk;k% laLÑrHkk"kk;ke~ vuqoknd% d%\
(?k) egkRek xk¡/h fdÂke ukVde~ viBr~ \
(Ä) xkfU/u% xzkea osQ mikxPNu~\
(p) xkfU/u% eufl d;ks% foyki% iqu% iqu% Jw;rsLe\
(N) egkRek xkU/h gfj'pUnz ukVoaQ nz"Vqa dL; vuqKke~ vè;xPNr~\
(t) dL; dFkk;ka lR;Roizrhfr% vklhr~\
(>) dkS xkfU/u% ân;s fuR;lfÂfgrkS vkLrke~\
(×k) dhn`'kL; Jo.kL; izfrÑfr% xkfU/uk voyksfdrk\
(V) xkfU/u% eulk ¯d iz;qÙkQe~ vklhr~\
(B) d% iz'u% xkfU/u% eufl iqu% iqu% LiQqjfrLe\
2- fjDr LFkkukfu iwj;r
(d) xzkekr~ xzkea ----------------------------------- iqÙkfydk izn'kZuksithfou% mikxPNu~\
([k) Jo.kL; fir`HkfÙkQ% --------------------- Ro;k LFkkiuh;kA
(x) l jkx% es --------------------- rUe;edjksr~A
(?k) vusd'k% es us=kH;ke~ --------------------- foLlkfjrkfuA
(Ä) gfj'pUnzJo.kkS --------------------- ee ân;s fuR;lfÂfgrkSA
3- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ;FkkfunsZ'ka inp;ukfnda oqQ#r
(d) vLekr~ ikBkr~ vO;;inkfu fpuqrA
([k) ,rs"kka 'kCnkuka laLÑrokD;s iz;ksxa oqQ#r
i;ZVue~] mfí';] lao`Ùkk] izkI;] HkforO;e~
(x) vfLeu~ ikBs deZokP;s iz;qÙkQfu fØ;kinkfu fpuqrA
(?k) v/ksfyf[kr 'kCnkuka lekukFkZda 'kCna fy[kr
ykspue~] firjkS] eu%
xkfU/u% laLej.ke~ 77
4- v/ksfyf[krins"kq lfU/a lfU/foPNsna ok oqQ#r

(d) n`f"Vjirr~ ¾ ---------------------- $ ----------------------
([k) xzkekr~ $ xzkee~ ¾ --------------------------------------------------
(x) dnk $ vfi $ vizektZuh;ke~ ¾ --------------------------------------------------
(?k) ?kVuSdk ¾ ---------------------- $ ----------------------
(Ä) rr~ $ ukVde~ ¾ --------------------------------------------------
(p) bR;s"k ¾ ---------------------- $ ----------------------
(N) eufl $ vkfojHkwr~ ¾ --------------------------------------------------
5- fgUnhHkk"k;k vk'k;a Li"VhoqQ#r
(d) lR;kuqlj.ka lR;L;kFksZ gfj'pUnzofÂfoZdYisu eulk Dys'kkukeuqHko%A
([k) fuLla[;okjfena ukVoaQ e;k Lo;a eulk iz;qÙkaQ L;kr~A
(x) Jo.kL; fir`HkfÙkQjkn'kZ:is.k Ro;k LFkkiuh;sR;kReukReku& ecks/k;e~A
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
xkfU/u% laLej.ke~ bfr ikBe~ vuql`R; ekr`HkDrs% fir`HkDrs% ,oa lR;fu"Bk;k% Hkkoa
n`<hdj.kk; bes 'yksdk% izLrw;UrsA
1- ekrèku~ firèku~ vkpk;Zoku~ iq#"kks osnA ('kriFkczkã.kkr~)
2- mikè;k;ku~ n'kkpk;Z%
vkpk;kZ.kka 'kra firkA
lgÏa rq fir`ù~ ekrk
xkSjos.kkfrfjP;rsAA (euqLe`rs%)
3- ekr`nsoks Hko] fir`nsoks Hko] vkpk;Znsoks HkoA (mifu"kn%)
4- ekrk xq#rjk Hkwes% firksPprjLrFkk [kkr~A (egkHkkjrkr~)
5- lR;esos'ojks yksosQ lR;s /eZ% lnkfJr%A
lR;ewykfu lokZf.k lR;kÂkfLr ija ine~AA (jkek;.kkr~)
6- Hkwfe% dhfrZ;Z'kks y{eh% iq#"ka izkFkZ;fUr fgA
lR;a leuqorZUrs lR;eso HktsÙkr%AA (jkek;.kkr~)
7- cya loZcysH;ks¿fi lR;esokfrfjP;rsA
lR;okucy% Js;ku~ lcykr~ lR;oftZrkr~AA (jkek;.kkr~)
ifjf'k"V &1
NUn
NUn
i| fy[krs le; o.kks± dh ,d fuf'pr O;oLFkk j[kuh iM+rh gSA ;g
O;oLFkk NUn ;k o`Ùk dgykrh gSA
o`Ùk osQ Hksn
izk;% izR;sd i| osQ pkj Hkkx gksrs gSa] tks ikn ;k pj.k dgykrs gSaA
ftl o`Ùk osQ pkjksa pj.kksa esa cjkcj o.kZ gksa] os leo`Ùk dgykrs gSaA
ftlosQ izFke vkSj r`rh; rFkk f}rh; vkSj prqFkZ pj.k o.kks± dh n`f"V ls
leku gksa] os v/Zleo`Ùk gSaA ftlosQ pkjksa pj.kksa esa o.kks± dh la[;k
leku u gkss] os fo"keo`Ùk dgs tkrs gSaA
xq# y?kq O;oLFkk
NUn dh O;oLFkk o.kks± ij vk/kfjr jgrh gS] eq[;r% Loj o.kZ ijA ;s
o.kZ NUn dh n`f"V ls nks izdkj osQ gksrs gSa& y?kq vkSj xq#A lkekU;r%
ßLo Loj y?kq gksrk gS vkSj nh?kZ Loj xq#A fdUrq oqQN ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa
ßLo Loj y?kq u gksdj xq# ekuk tkrk gSA NUn esa xq#&y?kq O;oLFkk dk
fu;e bl izdkj gS& vuqLokj;qDr] nh?kZ] folxZ;qDr] la;qDro.kZ osQ iwoZ
dk o.kZ xq# gksrk gSA 'ks"k lHkh o.kZ y?kq gksrs gSaA NUn osQ fdlh ikn dk
vafre o.kZ y?kq gksus ij Hkh vko';drkuqlkj xq# eku fy;k tkrk gSA
lkuqLokj'p nh?kZ'p folxhZ p xq#HkZosr~A
o.kZ% la;ksxiwoZ'p rFkk iknkUrxks¿fi pAA
xq# ,oa y?kq osQ fy, v/ksfyf[kr fpÉ iz;qDr gksrs gSa&
xq# & ¿
y?kq & A
NUn 79
;fr O;oLFkk
NUn esa ftl&ftl LFkku ij fdf×pn~ fojke gksrk gS] mldks ^;fr*
dgrs gSaA foPNsn] fojke] fojfr vkfn blosQ ukekUrj gSaA
;frftZàs"VfoJkeLFkkua dfofHk#P;rsA
lk foPNsnfojkek|S% inSokZP;k futsPN;kAA
x.k O;oLFkk
vkfneè;kolkus"kq Hktlk ;kfUr xkSjoe~A
;jrk yk?koa ;kfUr eukS rq xq#yk?koe~AA
rhu o.kks± dk ,d x.k ekuk tkrk gSA xq#&y?kq osQ Øe ls x.k vkB
izdkj osQ gksrs gSaA
Hkx.k & ¿AA tx.k & A¿A
lx.k & AA¿ ;x.k & A¿¿
jx.k & ¿A¿ rx.k & ¿¿A
ex.k & ¿¿¿ ux.k & AAA
d- oSfnd NUn
oSfnd eU=kksa esa xs;rk dk lekos'k djus osQ fy, ftu NUnksa dk iz;ksx
gqvk gS muesa xk;=kh] vuq"Vqi~ rFkk f=k"Vqi~ izeq[k gSaA
xk;=kh y{k.k % ftl NUn osQ rhu pj.k gksa] izR;sd pj.k esa vkB o.kZ
gksa og xk;=kh NUn gksrk gSA bldk ik¡pok¡ o.kZ y?kq rFkk NBk o.kZ xq#
gksrk gSA mnkgj.k&
ikodk u% ljLorh oktsfHkokZftuhorhA
;Ka o"Vq f/;k olq%AA
(;tqosZn% &40@1)
vuq"Vqi~ y{k.k % vuq"Vqi~ NUn esa pkj pj.k gksrs gSa] izR;sd pj.k esa
vkB o.kZ gksrs gSaA
lÄ~xPNèoa laonèoa la oks eukafl tkurke~A
nsok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwosZ l×tkukuk miklrs AA
80 'kk'orh
f=k"Vqi~ y{k.k % ftl NUn osQ pkj pj.k gksa vkSj izR;sd pj.k esa X;kjg
v{kj gksa og f=k"Vqi~ NUn gksrk gSA mnkgkj.k&
lekuks eU=k% lfefr% lekuh lekua eu% lg fpÙkes"kke~
lekua eU=kefHkeU=k;s o% lekusu oks gfo"kk tqgksfeAA
(½Xosn% 10@192@3)
[k- ykSfdd NUn
izLrqr iqLrd osQ ikBksa esa vusd ykSfdd NUnksa dks Hkh ladfyr fd;k
x;k gSA vr% ladfyr 'yksd a ksa osQ NUnksa osQ y{k.k rFkk mnkgj.k izLrqr gS&a
1- vuq"Vqi~ y{k.k&vkB o.kks± okyk leo`Ùk
vuq"Vqi~ NUn osQ lHkh pkjksa pj.kksa dk ik¡pok¡ o.kZ y?kq] NBk o.kZ
xq# rFkk izFke ,oa r`rh; pj.k dk lkrok¡ o.kZ xq# vkSj f}rh; ,oa
prqFkZ pj.k dk lkrok¡ o.kZ y?kq gksrk gSA bls 'yksdNUn Hkh dgrs
gSA mnkgj.k&
ifrrS% irekuS'p] ikniLFkS'p ek#r%A
oqQlqeS% i'; lkSfe=ks! ØhMfUuo leUrr%AA
(jkek;.ke~)
2- bUnzotzk y{k.k& (X;kjgo.kks± okyk leo`Ùk)
ftl NUn osQ izR;sd ikn esa nks rx.k] ,d tx.k vkSj nks xq# o.kZ
Øe ls gksa og bUnzotzk NUn gksrk gSA
L;kfnUnzotzk ;fn rkS txkS x%A
mnkgj.k&
galks ;Fkk jktri×tjLFk%] flagks ;Fkk eUnjdUnjLFk%A
ohjks ;Fkk xfoZroqQ×tjLFk'pUnzks¿fi cHkzkt rFkkEcjLFk%AA
(jkek;.ke~)
3- misUnzotzk y{k.k& (X;kjg o.kks± dk leo`Ùk)
ftl NUn osQ izR;sd ikn esa Øe'k% ,d tx.k] ,d rx.k] ,d
tx.k vkSj nks xq# o.kZ gksa og misUnzotzk NUn gksrk gSA
NUn 81
misUnzotzk trtkLrrks xkSA mnkgj.k&

Roeso ekrk p firk Roeso
Roeso cU/q'p l[kk RoesoA
Roeso fo|k nzfo.ka Roeso
Roeso lo± ee nso&nsoA
4- mitkfr y{k.k& (X;kjg o.kks± okyk leo`Ùk)
ftl NUn esa bUnzotzk rFkk misUnzotzk osQ pj.kksa dk feJ.k gksrk gS
og mitkfr NUn gksrk gSA
vuUrjksnhfjry{eHkktkS iknkS ;nh;koqitkr;Lrk%A
bRFka fdykU;kLofi fefJrklq onfUr tkfrf"oneso uke AA
bl NUn dk izFke rFkk r`rh; pj.k misUnzotzk NUnkuqlkj rFkk
f}rh; ,oa prqFkZ pj.k bUnzotzkuqlkj gSaA vr% bls mitkfr NUn
dgk tk ldrk gSA
mnkgj.k&
vLR;qÙkjL;ka fnf'k nsorkRek] (bUnzotzk)
fgeky;ks uke uxkf/jkt%A (misUnzotzk)
iwokZijkS rks;fu/hoxkg~;]
fLFkr% i`fFkO;k bo ekun.M%AA (oqQekjlEHkoe~)
5- ekfyuh y{k.k& (iUnzg o.kks± okyk leo`Ùk)
ftl NUn osQ izR;sd pj.k esa Øe'k% nks ux.k] ,d ex.k rFkk nks
;x.k gksa og ekfyuh NUn gksrk gSA blosQ izR;sd pj.k esa vkBosa
rFkk rnuUrj lkrosa vFkkZr~ pj.k osQ vfUre o.kZ iUnzgosa o.kZ osQ
ckn ;fr (fojke) gksrh gSA uue;;;qrs;a ekfyuh HkksfxyksosQ%A
mnkgj.k&
ee fg fir`fHkjL; izLrqrks KkfrHksn&
Lrfng ef; rq nks"kks oÙk`QfHk% ikruh;%A
vFk p ee l iq=k% ik.Mokuka rq i'pkr~
lfr p oqQyfojks/s ukijk/;fUr ckyk%AA (i×pjk=ke~)
ifjf'k"V &2
vyÄkï j
yksd esa ftl izdkj vkHkw"k.k 'kjhj dh 'kksHkk c<+kus esa lgk;d gksrs gSa
mlh izdkj dkO; esa miekfn vyadkj mldh pk#rk dh vfHko`f¼ djrs
gSaA oLrqr% dkO; osQ 'kksHkk/k;d rRo dks gh vyadkj dgrs gSaA
'kCnkFkZ;ksjfLFkjk ;s /ekZ% 'kksHkkfr'kf;u%A
jlknhuqioqQoZUrks¿yÄïkjkLrs¿Äõnkfnor~AA
'kCn rFkk vFkZ dks dkO; dk 'kjhj dgk x;k gSA vr% dkO;&'kjhj
dk vyadj.k Hkh 'kCn rFkk vFkZ nksuksa :iksa esa gksrk gSA tks vyadkj
'kCnksa osQ }kjk dkO; esa pk#rk dh vfHko`f¼ djrs gSa os 'kCnkyadkj dgs
tkrs gSa tSls vuqizkl] ;ed vkfnA tks vyadkj vFkZ osQ }kjk dkO; dh
pk#rk dh vfHko`f¼ djrs gSa os vFkkZyadkj dgs tkrs gSa] tSls miek]
:id vkfnA bu nksuksa izdkj osQ vyadkjksa dk izLrqr ladyu osQ ikBksa
esa iz;ksx gqvk gSA oqQN mnkgj.k izLrqr gSa&
vuqizkl%
o.kZlkE;euqizkl%A (dkO;izdk'k%)
leku o.kks± dh vko`fÙk dks vuqikz l vyadkj dgk tkrk gSA
mnkgj.k &
ogfUr o"kZfUr unfUr HkkfUr è;k;fUr u`R;kfUr lek'olfUrA
u|ks ?kuk eÙkxtk oukUrk% fiz;kfoghuk% f'kf[ku% Iyoaxk%AA
(jkek;.ke~)
bl 'yksd esa vk, gq, ogfUr] o"kZfUr] unfUr] HkkfUr] è;k;fUr]
u`R;fUr rFkk lek ÜÒlfUr bu 'kCnksa esa vusd o.kks± dh leku vko`fÙk gS
tks 'yksd dh pk#rk dh vfHko`f¼ esa lgk;d gSA vr% ;gk¡ ij
vuqizkl vyadkj gSA
vyÄïkj 83
;ed%
lR;FksZ i`FkxFkkZ;k% LojO;×tulagrs%A
Øes.k rsuSoko`fÙk;Zeda fofux|rsAA (lkfgR;niZ.ke~)
tc o.kZ lewg dh mlh Øe ls iqujko`fÙk dh tk, fdarq vko`Ùk
o.kZ leqnk; ;k rks fHkUukFkZd gks ;k va'kr% vFkok iw.kZr% fujFkZd gks rks
;ed vyadkj dgykrk gSA mnkgj.k&
izÑR;k fgedks'kk<Ôks nwjlw;Z'p lkEizre~A
;FkkFkZukek lqO;ÙkaQ fgeoku~ fgeoku~ fxfj%AA
bl 'yksd esa fgeoku~ 'kCn dh vko`fÙk gqbZ gS vkSj nksuksa in
fHkÂkFkZd gSaA vr% ;gk¡ ij iz;qDr vaydkj ;ed gS tks 'yksd osQ lkSan;Z
dh vfHko`f¼ esa lgk;d gSA
miek%
lk/E;Zeqiek HksnsA (dkO;izdk'k%] 10] 87)
nks oLrqvksa esa] Hksn jgus ij Hkh] tc mudk (lekurk) izfrikfnr
fd;k tkrk gS rks ogk¡ miek vyadkj gksrk gSA mnkg.kμ
jfolaØkUrlkSHkkX;Lrq"kkjk#.ke.My%A
fu%ÜoklkU/ bokn'kZ'pUnzek u izdk'krsAA (jkek;.ke~)
;gk¡ ij lw;Z osQ izdk'k ls efyu pUnzek dh miek fu% Üoklksa ls
efyu vkn'kZ (niZ.k) ls nh xbZ gSA ;g miek 'yksd osQ vFkZ dh
pk#rk dh o`f¼ esa lgk;d gSA
miek esa pkj rÙo gksrs gSa
1- mies; & ftldh lekurk crkbZ tk,
2- mieku & ftlls lekurk crkbZ tk,
3- lk/kj.k /eZ & mDr nksuksa esa leku xq.k
4- okpd 'kCn & lekurk izdV djus okys 'kCn& bo ;Fkk
vkfnA
84 'kk'orh
:id%
rnzwideHksnks ; miekuksies;;ks%A (dkO;izdk'k%] 10]93)
vfr'k; lkn`'; osQ dkj.k tgk¡ mies; dks mieku dk :i ns
fn;k tk;s vFkok mies; ij mieku dk vkjksi dj fn;k tk;s ogk¡
:id vyadkj gksrk gSA mnkgj.k&
vuyaÑr'kjhjks¿fi pUnzeq[k vkuUn;fr ee ân;e~A
lkSo.kZ'kdfVdk ikB osQ bl okD; esa iz;qDr pUnzeq[k 'kCn esa
:id vyadkj gSA ;gk¡ ij eq[k ij pUnzek dk vkjksi gksus ls :id
vyadkj gSA
mRizs{kk%
^^Hkosr~ lEHkkouksRizs{kk izÑrL; ijkReukAA
(lkfgR;niZ.ke~)
ij (mieku) osQ }kjk izÑr (mies;) dh lEHkkouk (mRdV
lUnsg) dks mRizs{kk vyadkj dgrs gSaA
mnkgj.k&
oqQlqeS% i'; lkSfe=ks! ØhMfÂo leUrr%AA (jkek;.ke~)
;gka ij ok;q osQ }kjk iq"iksa osQ lkFk dh tkus okyh ØhMk dh
lEHkkouk esa mRizs{kk vyadkj gSA
vFkkZUrjU;kl%
HkosnFkkZUrjU;klks¿uq"kDrkFkkZUrjkfHk/kA
(pUnzkyksd%] 5-66)
eq[; vFkZ dk leFkZu djus okys vFkkZUrj (nwljs okD;kFkZ) dk
izfriknu (U;kl) vFkkZUrjU;kl dgykrk gSA mnkgj.k&
vyÄïkj 85
;% LoHkkoks fg ;L;kfLr l fuR;a nqjfrØe%A

'ok ;fn fØ;rs jktk rfRda uk'ukR;qikuge~AA
;gk¡ ij iwokZ¼Z osQ okD;kFkZ dk leFkZu mÙkjk¼Z osQ okD;kFkZ }kjk
fd;k x;k gSA vr% ;gk¡ vFkkZUrjU;kl vyadkj gSA
vfr'k;ksfDr%
fl¼Ros¿è;olk;L;kfr'k;ksfDrfuZx|rsA
(lkfgR;niZ.ke~] 10-46)
vè;olk; osQ fl¼ mies; osQ fy, osQoy mieku dk gh dFku
gksus ij vfr'k;ksfDr vyadkj gksrk gSA vè;olk; dk rkRi;Z gS& mies;
osQ fuxj.k osQ lkFk mieku ls vHksn dk vkjksi vFkkZr~ mies; rFkk
mieku esa vHksn dh LFkkiuk A
mnkgj.k&
;wFks¿i;krs gfLrxzg.kks|rsu osQu dyHkks x`ghr%A
;gk¡ ij vtquZ dks gLrh rFkk vfHkeU;q dks dyHk (gkFkh dk
cPpk) osQ :i esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA bl izdkj mies; vtqZu o
vfHkeU;q dk fuxj.k dj mUgsa mieku gLrh rFkk dyHk osQ :i esa
izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA vr% ;gk¡ vfr'k;ksfDr vyadkj gSA
ifjf'k"V&3
vuq'kaflr xzUFk
Ø-la- xzUFkuke ys[kd lEiknd@izdk'kd
1- ½Xosn la iz- ,u- ,l- lksuVDosQ] oSfnd
la'kks/u e.My] iwuk & 2] 1946
2- ;tqosZn mOoVegh/jHkk"; pkS[kEck izdk'ku] okjk.klh] 1912
3- vFkoZosn lkroysdj] ikjMh] 1957
4- jkek;.k okYehfd pkS[kEck izdk'ku] okjk.klh] 1977
5- egkHkkjre~ O;kl Hk.Mkjdj izkP;fo|kla'kks/u
laLFkkue~ iq.;iÙkue~ (iwuk) 1975
6- tkrdekyk vk;Z'kwj lw;Zukjk;.k pkS/jh] eksrhyky
cukjlhnkl] fnYyh] 1971
7- e`PNdfVde~ 'kwnzd fu.kZ;lkxj izsl] eqEcbZ
8- e`PNdfVd 'kwnzd eksgu jkosQ'k (fgUnh vuqoknd)
jktdey izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh]
1962
9- pjdlafgrk pjd pkS[kEck laLÑr laLFkku] okjk.klh]
1984
10- Hkokuh Hkkjrh vjfoUn vjfoUnkJe] ikf.Mpsjh
a11- iq#"kijh{kk fo|kifr [ksejkt JhÑ".knkl] eqEcbZ
12- lR;'kks/ue~ ia- gkslosQjs xk¡/h Lekjd fuf/] ubZ fnYyh
ukxIi'kkL=kh (Hkkjrh; fo|k Hkou] eqEcbZ] 1965)
13- :i#nzh;e~ izks- jktsUnz feJ oSt;Ur izdk'ku] bykgkckn
14- rnso xxua izks- Jhfuokl jFk jkf"Vª; laLÑr laLFkkue~] ubZ fnYyh
lSo/jk
vuq'kaflr xzUFk 87
15- xhrk×tfy dks-y- O;kljk; 'kkL=kh

(laLÑrkuqokn)
16- Sanskrit Drama
in its Origin,
Development
and Theory A.B.Keith Oxford Press,
London, 1924
17- laLÑr ukVd ,-ch-dhFk mn; Hkkuq flag (fgUnh

vuqokn)] eksrhyky cukjlhnkl]
fnYyh]
18- laLÑr lkfgR; cynso mikè;k; 'kkjnk efUnj] okjk.klh] 1973
dk bfrgkl
19- oSfnd lkfgR; cynso mikè;k; 'kkjnk eafnj] okjk.klh] 1973
vkSj laLÑfr
20- History of M.Krishnamacharya Moti Lal Banarsidas, Delhi
Classical
Sanskrit
Literature
21- A History of A.A. Macdonell Moti Lal Banarsidas, Delhi

Sanskrit 1962
Literature
22- laLÑr lkfgR; okpLifr xSjksyk pkS[kEck fo|kHkou] okjk.klh]
dk bfrgkl 1978
23- laLÑr lkfgR; jk/koYyHk f=kikBh fo'ofo|ky; izdk'ku] pkSd]
dk vfHkuo okjk.klh] 2001
bfrgkl
24- laLÑr vkSj jk/koYyHk f=kikBh] v{k;oV
jk"Vª dh ,drk izdk'ku cyjkeiqj gkÅl
bykgkckn] 1991
25- laLÑr johUnze~ ohjk?kou~] lkfgR; vdkneh]
johUnzHkou] ubZ fnYyh] 1966
fo"k;kuqØef.kdk
i`"BkÄïk%
iqjksoko~Q V
Hkwfedk IX
eÄõye~ 1
izFke% ikB% vuq'kklue~ 3
f}rh;% ikB% u Roa 'kksfprqegZfl 8
r`rh;% ikB% ekrqjkKk xjh;lh 16
prqFkZ% ikB% iztkuqj×tdks uì% 27
i×pe% ikB% nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk 34
"k"B% ikB% lwfDr&lkSjHke~ 43
lIre% ikB% uSoQs ukfi lea xrk olqerh 52
v"Ve% ikB% gYnh?kkVh 63
uoe% ikB% enkylk 72
n'ke% ikB% izrh{kk 82
ifjf'k"V vuq'kaflr xzUFk 87
eÄõye~
¬ LofLr iUFkkeuqpjse lw;kZpUnzelkfooA
iqunZnrk?urk tkurk laxesefg AA1AA
(ÍXosn & 5-51-15)
vXus u; lqiFkk jk;s vLeku~ fo'okfu nso o;qukfu fo}ku~A
;q;ksè;LeTtqgqjk.kesuks Hkwf;"Bka rs ue mfDra fo/se AA2AA
(;tqosZn & 5-36)
vHk;a fe=kknHk;efe=kknHk;a KkrknHk;a iqjks ;%A
vHk;a uDreHk;a fnok u% lokZ vk'kk ee fe=ka HkoUrq AA3AA
(vFkoZosn & 19-15-6)
HknzfePNUr ½"k;% LofoZnLriks nh{kkeqifu"ksnqjxzsA
rrks jk"Vaª cyekst'p tkra rnLeS nsok milaueUrq AA4AA
(vFkoZosn & 19-41-1)
HkkokFkZ%
lw;Z vkSj pUnzek osQ leku ge dY;k.k ds iFk dk vuqxeu djsAa fujUrj nku djrs
gq,] Vdjko/¯glk dks NksM+ dj ijLifjd rkSj ij ,d nwljs dks tkurs/le>rs gq,
lkFk&lkFk pysa AA1AA
gs vfXunso! gesa /u o ,s'o;Z dh izkfIr osQ fy, vPNs ekxZ ls ys pyaAs vki lEiw.kZ
mÙke ekxks± ds Kkrk gSAa vr% gesa ikikpj.k ,oa oqQfVy ekxZ ls cpk,¡A ge vkidks
cgqr izdkj ls ueLdkj djrs gSa AA2AA
2 HkkLorh
fe=kks]a 'k=kqvksa rFkk izR;{k vkSj vizR;{k vfu"Vksa ls gesa fdlh izdkj dk Hk; u gksA
gesa fnu vkSj jkf=k esa fuHkZ;rk dh izkfIr gksA vHk; osQ fy, lHkh fn'kk,¡ fe=kor~
dY;k.kdkjh gksa AA3AA
lcosQ fgrfpUrd vkReKkuh Íf"k l`f"V osQ izkjEHk esa ri vkSj nh{kkfn fu;eksa dk
ikyu djus yxsA mlh ls jk"Vªh; Hkkouk] cy vkSj lkeF;Z dh mRifÙk gqbAZ vr,o
Kkuh yksx ml (jk"Vª) osQ le{k fouez gksa (jk"Vª lsok djs)a AA4AA
izFke% ikB%
vuq'kklue~
izLrqr va'k oSfnd okÄ~e; esa vf}rh; LFkku j[kus okys rSfÙkjh; mifu"kn~ osQ X;kjgosa vuqokd
(f'k{kkoYyh) ls ladfyr gSA mifu"knksa dk izknqHkkZo oSfnd Kku osQ fodkl :i esa gqvk gSA
mifu"kn~ dk vFkZ gS (KkukFkZ) xq# osQ lehi cSBukA bl xq#f'k"; ijEijk esa vè;;u osQ
mijkUr vkpk;Z osQ }kjk f'k"; dks thouksi;ksxh ;g mins'k fn;k x;kA ;g euksje mins'k brus
lgtHkko ls izLrqr fd;k x;k gS fd lh/k ân; dks Li'kZ djrk gSA
osneuwP;kpk;ks¿Z Ursokflueuq'kkfLrA lR;a onA /e± pjA Lokè;k;kUek izen%A vkpk;kZ;

fiz;a /uekâR; iztkrUrqa ek O;oPNsRlh%A lR;kÂ izefnrO;e~A /ekZUu izefnrO;e~A
oqQ'kykUu izefnrO;e~A HkwR;S u izefnrO;e~A Lokè;k;&izopukH;ka u izefnrO;e~A
nsofir`dk;kZH;ka u izefnrO;e~A ekr`no s ks HkoA fir`no
s ks HkoA vkpk;Zno
s ks HkoA
vfrfFknsoks HkoA ;kU;uo|kfu dekZf.k] rkfu lsforO;kfu] uks brjkf.kA ;kU;LekoaQ
lqpfjrkfu rkfu Ro;ksikL;kfu] uks brjkf.kA vFk ;fn rs deZfofpfdRlk ok
o`ÙkfofpfdRlk ok L;kr~A ;s r=k czkã.kk% lEef'kZu%] ;qDrk vk;qDrk%] vyw{kk
/eZdkek% L;q%] ;Fkk rs r=k orsjZ u~ rFkk r=k orsFZ kk%A ,"k vkns'k%A ,"k mins'k%A
,"kk osnksifu"kr~A ,rnuq'kklue~A ,oeqikflrO;e~A ,oa pSrnqikL;e~A
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
vuq'kklue~ & vuq $ 'kkl~ $ Y;qV~] vkns'k (f'k{kk)A
vuwP; & vuq $ op~ $ Y;i~ (i<+kdj)A
vUrsokflue~ & xqjksjUrs lehis olrhfr vUrsoklh lIreh vyqo~Q f}rh;k ,dopu]
f'k"; dksA
vuq'kkfLr & vuq $ 'kkl~ $ yV~ iz-iq- ,dopu] mins'k nsrk gSA
4 HkkLorh
Lokè;k;kr~ & Lo $ vè;k;kr~] ia- ,dopu] Lokè;k; lsA

ek izen% & vkyL; er djksA
vkâR; & vk $ â $ Y;i~] ykdjA
iztkrUrqe~ & iztk;k% rUrq%] f}rh;k ,dopu] oa'kijEijk dksA
ek O;oPNsr~lh% & fo $ vo~ $ fNn~] yqÄ~ e-iq- ,dopu] er rksM+ks
HkwR;S & Hkwfr prqFkhZ ,dopu] ,s'o;Z (/u) osQ fy,A
vuo|kfu & u $ vo|kfu] u×k~ rRiq-] izFkek cgqopu] vfuU|A
brjkf.k & nwljsA
lqpfjrkfu & lRdeZA
mikL;kfu & mikflrqa ;ksX;kfu] izFkek cgqopu] mikluk osQ ;ksX;A
Js;kal% & dY;k.k djus okys] vf/d Js"BA
vklusu & vklu osQ }kjkA
iz'oflrO;e~ & iz $ 'ol~ $ rO;r~] mfpr lEeku djuk pkfg,A
J¼;k & J¼k lsA
lafonk & ln~Hkko ls (dÙkZO;Hkko ls)A
deZfofpfdRlk & deZf.k fofpfdRlk] lIreh rRiq#"k] mfpr vuqfpr deZ osQ fo"k;
esa lUnsgA
laef'kZu% & fopkj'khy] lgu'khyA
;qÙkQk% & Kku foKku esa rÌrA
vk;qÙkQ% & LorU=k fu.kZ; esa leFkZA
vyw{kk% & v:{kk%] dkseyA
/eZdkek% & /eZL; dkek%] dÙkZO;ijk;.kA
orsZju~ & o`r~ fof/fyÄ~] iz-iq- cgqopu] O;ogkj djsaA
orsZFkk% & o`r~ fof/fyÄ~] e-iq- ,dopu] O;ogkj djksA
vkns'k% & vkKkA
osnksifu"kr~ & osnL; mifu"kr~] "k-r-lekl] Kku dk lkjA
mikflrO;e~ & mi $ vkl~ $ rO;r~] mikluk osQ ;ksX;A
mikL;e~ & mi $ vkl~ $ ;r~] mikluk djuh pkfg,A
vuq'kklue~ 5
lfU/foPNsn%
vkpk;ksZ¿Ursokflue~ & vkpk;Z% $ vUrsokflue~
Lokè;k;kUek & Lokè;k;kr~ $ ek
O;oPNsRlh% & fo $ voPNsRlh%
lR;kÂ & lR;kr~ $ u
;kU;uo|kfu & ;kfu $ vuo|kfu
;kU;Lekde~ & ;kfu $ vLekde~
Ro;ksikL;kfu & Ro;k $ mikL;kfu
pkLePNsª;kal% & p $ vLer~ $ Js;kal%
Ro;k¿¿lusu & Ro;k $ vklusu
osnksifu"kr~ & osn $ mifu"kn~
pSrnqikL;e~ & p $ ,rr~ $ mikL;e~
vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mÙkjr&
(d) v;a ikB% dLekn~ xzUFkkr~ ladfyr%\
([k) lR;kr~ ¯d u dÙkZO;e~\
(x) vkpk;Z% de~ vuq'kkfLr\
(?k) Lokè;k;&izopukH;ka ¯d u dÙkZO;e~\
(Ä) vLekoaQ dkfu mikL;kfu\
(d) vkpk;ZL; dhn`'kkfu dekZf.k lsforO;kfu\
([k) f'k";% ¯d ÑRok iztkrUrqa u O;oPNsRlh%\
(x) f'k";k% deZfofpfdRlk fo"k;s dFka orsZju~\
(?k) dkH;ka u izefnrO;e~\
(Ä) czkã.kk% dhn`'k% L;q%\
6 HkkLorh
3- fjDrLFkkuiwfr± oqQ#r&
(d) osneuwP;kpk;ksZ ----------------------- vuq'kkfLrA
([k) lR;a ----------------------- /e± -----------------------A
(x) ;kU;uo|kfu ----------------------- rkfu lsforO;kfuA
(?k) ;Fkk rs r=k orsZju~ -----------------------A
(Ä) ,"kk -----------------------A
4- ekr`Hkk"k;k O;k[;k;srke~&
(d) nsofir`dk;kZH;ka u izefnrO;e~A
([k) ;kU;uo|kfu dekZf.k rkfu lsforO;kfuA
5- vèkksfufnZ"Vinkuka lekukFkZdinkfu dks"Bdkr~ fpRok fy[kr&

(d) vuwP; -----------------------
([k) lafonk -----------------------
(x) fß;k -----------------------
(?k) vyw{kk -----------------------
(Ä) mikL;e~ -----------------------
(ln~Hkkou;k] lEcksè;] yTt;k] vuqikyuh;e~] v#{kk)
6- foijhrkFkZdinS% ;kst;r&
(d) lR;e~ vyw{kk
([k) /eZe~ vJ¼;k
(x) J¼;k vuo|kfu
(?k) vo|kfu v/eZe~
(Ä) yw{kk vlR;e~
7- vèkksfufnZ"Vs"kq ins"kq izÑfr&izR;;&foHkkxa oqQ#r&

izefnrO;e~] vuo|e~] mikL;e~] vuq'kklue~
vuq'kklue~ 7
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
mifu"kn~ & ekuofpUruL; ijeksiyfCèkLo:ik% mifu"kn% fuf'pr:is.k Hkkjrh;laLÑrs%
vf}rh;k fu/;% lfUrA mifu"kRlq laoknekè;esu thotxn~cã z fo"k;drÙokuka
fu:i.kefLrA ,rklke~ mifu"knka izknqHkkZo% oSfndKkuL; fodklijEijk;ka
tkr%A vLekr~ dkj.kkr~ fofo/oSfnoQ'kk[kkuka nk'kZfudfpUrufodklØes
mifu"knka fof'k"Va LFkkue~ vfLrA
prq.kk± osnkuka i`Fko~Q i`Fko~Q mifu"kn% lfUrA izeq[kksifu"knka ifjx.kufeRFka
Ñre~A bZ'k&osQu& dB&iz'u&eq.Mdek.MwD;frfÙkfj% c`gnkj.;dNkUnksX;a pA
bZ'kkokL;ksifu"kn~] dsuksifu"kn~] dBksifu"kn~] iz'uksifu"kn~] eq.Mdksifu"kn~]
ek.MwD;ksifu"kn~] rSfÙkjh;ksifu"kn~] c`gnkj.;dksifu"kn~] NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~]
,srjs;ksifu"kn~] 'osrk'orjksifu"kn~ bfrA
rSfÙkjh;ksifu"kn~ & mifu"kfn;a Ñ".k;tqosZnL; rSfÙkjh;lafgrk;k% czkã.kxzUFkL; vfUreks Hkkx%
rSfÙkjh;kj.;dfefr dF;rsA vfLeu~ vkj.;osQ n'kizikBdk% lfUrA ,rs"kq
izikBosQ"kq lIrer% uoeizikBoQi;ZUra ;ks Hkkx% l ,o rSfÙkjh;ksifu"kn~ bfr
dF;rsA f'k{kkoYyh czãkuUnoYyh Hk`xqoYyh p rs"kka Øe'k% ukekfuA
f'k{kkoYyh & v;a ikB% f'k{kkoYyhr% ladfyrks¿fLrA f'k{kkoYyh izikBosQ vksadkjL;
egÙo& o.kZua /ekZpj.klEcfU/fopkj'p fo'kn:is.k izLrqr%A
czkã.k% & czã'kCnkr~ fu"iUu%A czã'kCnks Kkuokpd%A vr% czkã.k% ¾ KkuhA
f}rh;% ikB%
u Roa 'kksfprqegZfl
laLÑr lkfgR; esa v'o?kks"k dh x.kuk Hkkl ,oa dkfynkl tSls mPPdksfV osQ egkdfo;ksa esa dh
tkrh gSA nk'kZfud egkdfo v'o?kks"k dh Ñfr cq¼pfjre~ dk laLÑr lkfgR; esa vf}rh; LFkku
gSA v'o?kks"k dk y{; cq¼ osQ mins'kksa dks dkO; osQ ekè;e ls tulk/kj.k rd igq¡pkuk FkkA
izLrqr ikB cq¼pfjre~ osQ NBs lxZ ls ladfyr gSA
blesa tc fl¼kFkZ egkfHkfu"Øe.k osQ fy, x`gR;kx djrs gSa] rc lkjFkh NUnd mUgsa
HkkxZo vkJe rd igq¡pkrk gSA os ogk¡ ls vkxs vosQys tkus dk gh fu'p; djrs gSaA NUnd dks
jktegy dh vksj tkus osQ fy, dgus ls iwoZ os mldh LokfeHkfDr dh iz'kalk djrs gSaA
rrks eqgwrkZH;qfnrs txPp{kqf"k HkkLdjsA

HkkxZoL;kJeina l nn'kZ u`.kka oj% AA1AA
lqIrfo'oLrgfj.ka LoLFkfLFkrfogÄ õee~A
foJkUr bo ;n~n"` V~ok ÑrkFkZ bo pk¿Hkor~ AA2AA
l foLe;fuo`Ù;Fk± ri% iwtkFkZeso pA
Loka pkuqofrZrka j{kÂ'oi`"Bknokrjr~ AA3AA
vorh;Z p iLi'kZ fuLrh.kZfefr okftue~A
NUnoaQ pkczohRizhr% Luki;fÂo p{kq"kk AA4AA
bea rk{;ksZietoa rqjÄ õeuqxPNrkA
nf'kZrk lkSE; e‰fDrfoZØe'pk;ekReu% AA5AA
u Roa 'kksfprqegZfl 9
dks tuL; iQyLFkL; u L;knfHkeq[kks tu%A

tuhHkofr Hkwf;"Ba Lotuks¿fi foi;Z;s AA6AA
bR;qDRok l egkckgqjuq'kalfpdh"kZ;kA
Hkw"k.kkU;oeqP;kLeS larIreuls nnkS AA7AA
eqoqQVkíhidekZ.ka ef.keknk; HkkLoje~A
czo
q UokD;fena rLFkkS lkfnR; bo eUnj% AA8AA
vusu ef.kuk NUn iz.kE; gq'kks uì%A
foKkI;ks¿eqDrfoJEHka larkifofuo`Ùk;s AA9AA
10 HkkLorh
tjkej.kuk'kkFk± izfo"Vks¿fLe riksoue~A

u [kyq LoxZr"ksZ.k ukLusgsu u eU;quk AA10AA
rnsoefHkfu"ØkUra u eka 'kksfprqegZflA
HkwRokfi fg fpja 'ys"k% dkysu u Hkfo";fr AA11AA
/zqoks ;LekPp fo'ys"kLrLekUeks{kk; es efr%A
foiz;ksx% dFka u L;kn~Hkw;ks¿fi Lotukfnfr AA12AA
;nfi L;knle;s ;krks ouelkfofrA
vdkyks ukfLr /eZL; thfors p×pys lfr AA13AA
,oekfn Ro;k lkSE; foKkI;ks olq/kf/i%A
iz;rsFkkLrFkk pSo ;Fkk eka u Lejsnfi AA14AA
vfi uSxqZ.;eLekoaQ okP;a ujirkS Ro;kA
uSxqZ.;kÙ;T;rs Lusg% LusgR;kxkÂ 'kksP;rs AA15AA
'kCnkFkkZ%
'kksfprqe~ & 'kqp~ $ rqequ~] 'kksd djus osQ fy,A
vH;qfnrs & vfHk $ mn~ $ b $ Dr $ lIreh ,dopu] mn; gksus ijA
nn'kZ & ns[kkA
foJkUr bo & FkosQ gq, dh rjgA
vuqofrZrka & vuq $ o`r~ $ bu~ $ ry~] vuqofrZu% Hkko% vuqofrZrk (vkpj.k
dks)A
vokrjr~ & vo $ rì $ yÄ~] iz-iq- ,dopu] mrj x;kA
vorh;Z & vo $ rì $ Y;i~] mrjdjA

iLi'kZ & Li`'k~ $ fyV~] iz- iq- ,dopu] Li'kZ fd;kA
fuLrh.kZe~ & ful~ $ rì $ Dr] ikj yxk;kA
rqjÄõeuqxPNrk & ?kksM+s dk vuqlj.k djrs gq,A
tuhHkofr & vtuks tu% Hkofr bfr] (foijhr) Lotu dk lkekU; gks
tkukA
Hkwf;"Ba & vfr'k;su cgq $ b"Bu~ Hokns'ks ;qo~Q p] vR;f/dA
foi;Z;s & foijhr voLFkk esaA
fpdh"kZ;k & djus dh bPNk lsA
larIreuls & nq%[kh euokys dks (nkukFksZ prqFkhZ)A
HkkLojef.ke~ & pedhyh ef.k dksA
rLFkkS & fLFkr gq,A
cgq'k% & ckj&ckjA
LoxZr"ksZ.k & LoxZ dh bPNk lsA
u eU;quk & Øks/ ls ughaA
'ys"k% & la;ksx (feyu)A
foiz;ksx% & fo $ iz $ ;qt~ $ ?k×k~] fo;ksxA
;kr% & ;k $ Dr] x;kA
thfors & tho~ $ Dr] lIreh ,dopu] thouA
foKkI;% & fo $ Kk $ f.kp~ $ iqo~Q $ ;r~] fuosfnr (fd;k tk;s)A
iz;rsFkk% & iz $ ;r~ $ fof/yÄ~] e-iq- ,dopu] iz;Ru djksA
uSxqZ.;e~ & fuj~ $ xq.k $ .;r~] fuxq.Z krkA
u 'kksP;rs & 'kksd dk ik=k ughaA
12 HkkLorh
lfU/foPNsn%
txPp{kqf"k & txr~ $ p{kqf"k
pkuqofrZrke~ & p $ vuqofrZrke~
j{kUu'o% & j{ku~ $ v'o%
Luki;fUuo & Luki;u~ $ bo
rk{;ksZie & rk{;Z $ mie
vfHkeq[kks tu% & vfHkeq[k% $ tu%
Lotuks¿fi & Lotu% $ vfi
bR;qDRok & bfr $ mDRok
Hkw"k.kkU;oeqP; & Hkw"k.kkfu $ voeqP;
cgq'kks uì% & cgq'k% $ uì%
izfo"Vks¿fLe & izfo"V% $ vfLe
riksoue~ & ri% $ oue~
L;kn~Hkw;ks¿fi & L;kr~ $ Hkw;% $ vfi
ouelkfofr & ouelkS $ bfr
iz;rsFkkLrFkk & iz;rsFkk% $ rFkk
vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mÙkjr&
(d) v;a ikB% dLekr~ xzUFkkr~ ladfyr%\
([k) cq¼pfjrL; jpf;rk d% vfLr\
(x) u`.kka oj% d% vfLr\
(?k) v'oi`"Bkr~ d% vokrjr~\
(Ä) Luki;fÂo p{kq"kk izhr% de~ vczohr~\
(d) LotuL; foi;Z;s dk fLFkfr% Hkofr\
([k) egkckgq% larIreuls ¯d nnkS\
(x) cq¼% fdeFk± riksoua izfo"V%\
(?k) Roa dhn`'ka eka u 'kksfprqegZfl\
(Ä) dfLeu~ lfr dL; vdky% ukfLr\
3- vèkksfyf[krs"kq lfU/a oqQ#r&

R;kxkr~ $ u] p $ ,o] fo'ys"k% $ rLekr~] u $ vLusgsu] cgq'k% $ uì%
4- vèkksfyf[krs"kq izÑfrizR;;foHkkxa oqQ#r&

lqIr%] foJkUr%] n`"V~ok] vorh;Z] Hkwf;"Be~] vknk;] foKkI;] okP;e~
5- vèkksfyf[kr'yksd;ks% fgUnh vkM~yHkk"k;k vuqokn% dk;Z%

(d) eqoqQVkn~nhidekZ.ka ef.keknk; HkkLoje~A
czqoUokD;fena rLFkkS lkfnR; bo eUnj%AA
([k) tjkej.kuk'kkFk± izfo"Vks¿fLe riksoue~A
u [kyq LoxZr"ksZ.k ukLusgsu u eU;qukAA
6- û Roa 'kksfprqegZfl* bfr ikBL; lkjka'k% ekr`Hkk"k;k ys[kuh;%A
(d) u Roa --------------- vgZflA
([k) l nn'kZ --------------- vkJeine~A
(x) l foLe;fuo`R;Fk± --------------- pA
(?k) tuhHkofr Hkwf;"Be~ --------------- foi;Z;sA
(Ä) vdky% --------------- /eZL;A
14 HkkLorh
8- fo'ks";&fo'ks"k.k;ks% ;kstua oqQ#r&

(d) HkkLdjs (d) vfHkeq[k%
([k) tu% ([k) HkkLoje~
(x) ef.ke~ (x) txPp{kqf"k
(?k) thfors (?k) vfHkfu"ØkUre~
(Ä) eke~ (Ä) p×pys
9- mnkgj.kkuqlkja foxzginkfu vk/`R; leLrinkfu jp;r&

u fLuX/% vfLuX/%
vkfnR;su lg ---------------
LoxkZ; r"kZ% ---------------
u dky% ---------------
egkUrkS ckgw ;L; l% ---------------
olq/k;k% vf/i% ---------------
10- vèkksfyf[krinkuka foijhrkFkZdinS% esyua oqQ#r&

inkfu foijhrkFkZdinkfu
(d) lqIr% (d) p×py%
([k) vorh;Z ([k) jad%
(x) Lotu% (x) tkx`r%
(?k) uì% (?k) vk#á
(Ä) /zqo% (Ä) ijtu%
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
v'o?kks"k% & v'o?kks"k% laLÑrlkfgR;L; lqizfl¼% dfo%A vL; dky% bZ'kk;k%
izFke'krkCnh LohfØ;rsA v;a lezkV~ dfu"dL; ledkfyd% vklhr~A
vL; dos% lkSUnjuUne~A cq¼pfjre~ 'kkfjiq=kizdj.ka p jpuk=k;a fo|rsA
vL; jpuklq cq¼ksins'k ,o izeq[k:is.k n`';rsA egkdos% v'o?kks"kL;
jpuk% frCcrs phuns'ks p izfl¼k%A lkSUnjuUne~ v"Vkn'klxkZReoaQ izFkea
egkdkO;e~ miyH;rsA vfLeu~ egkdkO;s cq¼ksins'kL; dFkk;k o.kZue~
vfLrA cq¼% foekr`ta LoHkk;kZizseik'k c¼a uUne~ mifn'kfrA uUn%
cq¼ksins'kizHkkos.k lkalkfjdlq[ka ifjR;T; izoTz ;ka LohdjksfrA 'kkfjiq=kizdj.ke~
bfr ukfVdk [kf.MrkoLFkk;ka yH;rsA
cq¼pfjre~ & cq¼pfjre~ v'o?kks"kL; izfl¼a egkdkO;e~ vfLrA vfLeu~ egkdkO;s

lIrn'k lxkZ% miyH;UrsA r=k egkReu% cq¼L; lok±xh.kpfjra
fuc¼efLrA ;Fkk&vfHkfu"Øe.ka] riksouxeua] ;'kks/jkfoyki%] ex/
;k=kko.kZue~] fl¼kFkZL; cq¼Roizki.ke~] /eZizpkj%] f'k{kkizlkj% bR;kn;%
fo"k;k% ljy;k Hkkoifjiw.kZ;k ân;kotZd'kSY;k of.kZrk%A
Hkk"kkKkue~ & u eka 'kksfprqegZfl&rqequUrisnu vgZ/krks% iz;ksxs.k vuqjks/% fuosnua ok

izdVhHkofrA ,oeso vU;kfu okD;kfu jpuh;kfuA
1- jkf=ktkZrk] vr% Roa LoIrqe~ vgZflA
2- xq#% bea ee vijk/a {kUrqegZfrA
3- bnkuha ;w;a xUrqegZFkA
txPp{kqf"k HkkLdjs & lw;Z% lalkjL; us=k:is.k fu:fir% ;Fkk JqrkS & ^^rPp{kqnsZofgra
iqjLrkPNqoQz eqPpjr~A**
r`rh;% ikB%
ekrqjkKk xjh;lh
Hkkjrh; laLÑfr ekrk&firk rFkk xq# dks nsork dh rjg iwtuh; ,oa nsorqY; ekurh gSA mifu"kr~
dky ls gh bu dh egÙkk izfrikfnr dh xbZ gSA u osQoy Hkkjrh; laLÑfr vfirq leLr fo'o
esa ekrk dks vR;Ur iwtuh; rFkk muosQ vkKkikyu dks ije /eZ osQ :i esa izfrikfnr fd;k
x;k gSA egkHkkjr osQ ;{kksik[;ku esa Hkh ekrk dks tks Hkwfe ls Hkh xq#rj cryk;k x;k gS] mlosQ
ihNs Hkh ;gh jgL; gSA
izLrqr ikB egkdfo Hkkl fojfpr izfrek&ukVd ls fy;k x;k gSA laLÑr osQ egku~
ukVddkj Hkkl us oSQosQ;h osQ izfr tks jke dh fu"Bk ,oe~ vknjHkkouk izLrqr dh gS&og
bfrgkl esa vf}rh; gSA jke osQ jkT;kfHk"ksd u gksus nsus esa rFkk mUgsa ouokl fnykus esa oSQosQ;h
dkj.k gS&;g tku dj Hkh jke oSQosQ;h ekrk dh ml vkKk dks Hkh fgrdkfj.kh gh ekurs gSaA
(izfo';)
dk×pqdh;% & ifj=kk;rka ifj=kk;rka oqQekj%A
jke% & vk;Z! d% ifj=kkrO;%A
dk×pqdh;% & egkjkt!
jke% & egkjkt% bfrA vk;Z! uuq oDrO;e~A ,d'kjhj&laf{kIrk i`fFkoh
jf{krO;sfrA vFk oqQr mRiUuks¿s ;a nks"k%\
dk×pqdh;% & Lotukr~A
jke% & LotukfnfrA gUr! ukfLr izrhdkj%A
'kjhjs¿fj% izgjfr ân;s LotuLrFkkA
dL; Lotu'kCnks es yTtkeqRiknf;";frAA1AA
dk×pqdh;% & r=k HkoR;k% oSQdÕ;k%A
ekrqjkKk xjh;lh 17
jke% & fdeEck;k%] rsu fg mnds.Z k xq.ksuk=k HkforO;e~A

dk×pqdh;% & dFkfeo\
jke% & Jw;rke~]
;L;k% 'kØleks HkrkZ e;k iq=korh p ;kA
iQys dfLeu~ Li`gk rL;k ;sukdk;± dfj";frAA2AA
dk×pqdh;% & oqQekj! vyeqigrklq L=khcqf¼"kq LoektZoeqifu{ksIrqeA~ rL;k ,o
[kyq opukr~ HkonfHk"ksdks fuo`Ùk%A
jke% & vk;Z! xq.kk% [kYo=kA
dk×pqdh;% & dFkfeo\
jke% & Jw;rke~]
ouxeufuo`fÙk% ikfFkZoL;So rko&
Uee firìjoÙkk ckyHkko% l ,oA
uouìfrfoe'ksZ ukfLr 'kÄïk iztkuk&
eFk p u ifjHkksxo S fZ ×prk Hkzkrjks esAA3AA
dk×pqdh;% & vFk p r;k¿ukgwrksil`r;k Hkjrks¿fHkf"kP;rka jkT; bR;qDre~
v=kkI;yksHk%\
jke% & vk;Z%! Hkoku~ [kYoLeRi{kikrknso ukFkZeos{krsA oqQr%]
'kqYosQ foif.kra jkT;a iq=kkFksZ ;fn ;kP;rsA
rL;k yksHkks¿=k ukLekoaQ Hkzkr`jkT;kigkfj.kke~AA
dk×pqdh;% & vFk--------------
jke% & vr% ija u ekrq% ifjokna Jksrfq ePNkfeA egkjkTkL; o`ÙkkUrLrkon&
fHkèkh;rke~A
dk×pqdh;% & rrLrnkuhe~]
'kksdknopukn~ jkKk gLrsuo S folftZr%A
fdeI;fHkera eU;s eksga p uìfrxZr%AA5AA
18 HkkLorh
jke% & dFka eksgeqixr%A

(usiF;s)
dFka dFka eksgeqixr bfrA
;fn u lgls jkKks eksga /uq% Li`'k ek n;ke~AA
jke% & (vkd.;Z iqjrks foyksD;)
v{kksH;% {kksfHkr% osQu y{e.kks /S;l Z kxj%A
;su #"Vsu i';kfe 'krkdh.kZfeokxzr%AA6AA
(rr% izfo'kfr /uqckZ.kikf.kyZ{e.k%)
y{e.k% & (lØks/e~) dFka dFka eksgeqixr bfrA

;fn u lgls jkKks eksga /uq% Li`'k ek n;ka
LotufuHk`r% loksIZ ;soa e`n%q ifjHkw;rsA
vFk u jQfpra eq×p Roa ekega Ñrfu'p;ks
;qofrjfgra yksoQa dr±q ;r'Nfyrk o;e~AA7AA
ekrqjkKk xjh;lh 19
lhrk & vk;Zi=q k! jksfnrO;s dkys lkSfef=k.kk /uqxgZ` hre~A viwo%Z [kYoL;k;kl%A
jke% & lqfe=kkekr%! fdfene~\
y{e.k% & dFka dFka fdfena ukeA
ØeizkIrs ârs jkT;s Hkqfo 'kksP;klus uìAs
bnkuhefi lUnsg% ¯d {kek fueZufLorkAA8AA
jke% & lqfe=kkekr%! vLenzkT;Hkz'a kks Hkor m|ksxa tu;frA vk% vif.Mr%
[kyq Hkoku~A
Hkjrks ok Hkosn~ jktk o;a ok uuq rr~ lee~A
;fn rs¿fLr /uq''yk?kk l jktk ifjikY;rke~AA9AA
y{e.k% & u 'kDuksfe jks"ka /kjf;rqeA~ Hkorq HkorqA xPNkeLrkor~A (izfLFkr%)
jke% & =kSyksD;a nX/qdkeso yykViqVlafLFkrkA
Hkò
` Qq fVyZ{e.kL;S"kk fu;rho O;ofLFkrkAA10AA
lqfe=kkekr%! brLrkor~A
y{e.k% & vk;Z! v;efLeAA
jke% & Hkor% LFkS;eZ Rq ikn;rk e;SoefHkfgre~A mP;rkfenhuke~A
rkrs /uquZ ef; lR;eos{;ek.ks
eq×pkfu ekrfj 'kja Lo/ua gjUR;ke~A
nks"ks"kq ckáeuqta Hkjra gukfu
¯d jks"k.kk; jQfpja f=k"kq ikrosQ"kqAA11AA
y{e.k% & (lok"ie~) gk f/d~! vLekufoKk;ksikyHklsA
;RÑrs egfr Dys'ks jkT;s es u euksjFk%A
o"kkZf.k fdy oLrO;a prqn'Z k ous Ro;kAA12AA
20 HkkLorh
jke% & v=k eksgeqixrLr=kHkoku~A gUr! fuosfnreizHkqRoe~A eSfFkfy!

eÄõykFks¿Z u;k nÙkku~ oYdykaLrkonku;A
djksE;U;SuiZ` /
S eZ ± uSokIra uksiikfnre~AA13AA
lhrk & x`ÊkRok;Zi=q k%A
jke% & eSfFkfy! ¯d O;oflre~\
lhrk & uuq lg/eZpkfj.kh [kYoge~A
jke% & e;Sdkfduk fdy xUrO;e~A
lhrk & vrks uq [kYouqxPNkfeA
jke% & ous [kyq oLrO;e~A
lhrk & rr~ [kyq es izklkn%A
jke% & 'oJw'o'kqj'kqJ"w kkfi p rs fuoZrfZ ;rO;kA
lhrk & ,ukeqfí'; nsorkuka iz.kke% fØ;rsA
jke% & y{e.k! ok;Zrkfe;e~A
y{e.k% & vk;Z! uksRlgs 'yk?kuh;s dkys okjf;rqe=kHkorhe~A
'kCnkFkkZ%
ekrqjkKk & ekrq% $ vkKk] ekrqjkns'k% ¾ ekrk dh vkKkA
xjh;lh & Js"Bk] Js"B gSA
ifj=kk;rke~ & j{;rke~] cpkvksA
ifj=kkrO;% & j{k.kh;% j{kk osQ ;ksX;A
oDrO;e~ & dFkf;rO;e~] dguk pkfg,A
,d'kjhjlaf{kIrk & ,dek=kfLFkrk] ,d 'kjhj esa fLFkrA
Lotukr~ & LolnL;kr~] vius (gh) O;fDr lsA
izrhdkj% & fuokj.ke~] fuokj.k (jksdFkke)A
ekrqjkKk xjh;lh 21
'kjhjs¿fj% & 'kjhjs $ vfj%A

'kjhjs & nsgs] 'kjhj esaA
vfj% & 'k=kq%] 'k=kqA
izgjfr & izgkja djksfr] izgkj djrk gSA
mRiknf;";fr & tuf;";fr] mRiUu djsxkA
r=kHkoR;k% & lEeku;ksX;k;k%] vknj.kh;k dk@dsA
oSQdsÕ;k% & oSQosQ;h dkA
mnosZQ.k & ifj.kke okysA
xq.ksu & vPNs xq.kokysA
Jw;rke~ & vkd.;Zrke~] lqfu,A
'kØle% & bUnzrqY;%] bUnz osQ lekuA
Li`gk & dkeukA
vktZoe~ & lkjY;e~] lh/kiuA
mifu{ksIrqa & jf{krqe~] j[kukA
fuo`Ùk% & vo#¼] #d x;kA
firìjoÙkk & firqj/hurk] firk dh v/hurkA
vukgwrksil`r;k & vukgwrizkIr;k u $ vkgwr;k $ mil`r;k fcuk cqyk, lehi igqp ¡ h
gqbZA
bR;qDre~ & bfr fuxfnre~] bfr mDre~ ¾ ,slk dgkA
v=kkI;yksHk% & v=kkfi yksHkkHkko%] v=k $ vfi $ vyksHk%] blesa Hkh yksHk ughaA
[kYoLeRi{kikrknso & [kyq $ vLer~ $ i{kikr ls gh] ;FkkFk± u i';frA
ukFkZes{krs & u $ vFkZe~ $ vos{krs (i';fr) okLrfodrk dks ugha ns[krkA
foif.kre~ & nkrqa izfrKkre~] nsus osQ fufeÙkA
iq=kkFksZ & iq=kfufeÙke~] iq=k osQ fufeÙkA
;kP;rs & vF;Zrs] ek¡xk tk jgk gSA
yksHkks¿=k & yksHk% $ v=k ¾ ;gk¡ yksHkA
22 HkkLorh
ukLekde~ & u $ vLekde~ ¾ gekjk ughaA

Hkzkr`jkT;kigkfj.ke~ & Hkzkr`jkT;L; vigkfj.ke~ HkkbZ osQ jkT; dk vigj.k djus
okyksa dkA
ifjokne~ & fuUnke~] fuUnk dksA
o`ÙkkUr% & okrkZ] lekpkjA
vfHk/h;rke~ & dF;rke~] dfg,A
rkor~ & rks] vHkhA
'kksdkr~ & nq%[kkr~] nq[k lsA
vopukr~ & opu jkfgR;kr~] u dgus lsA
gLrsuSo & gLrsu $ ,o] djs.kSo] gkFk ls gh (b'kkjs ls gh)A
folftZr% & fuofrZr%] fonk fd;kA
fdefi & fde~ $ vfi] dksbAZ
vfHkere~ & vHkh"Ve~] vHkh"VA
eU;s & Lohdjksfe] eSa (,slk) ekurk gw¡A
eksge~ & ewPNkZe~] ewPNkZ dksA
xr% & izkIr%] izkIr gqvkA
mixr% & vf/xr%] izkIr gqvkA
v{kksH;% & {kqC/ u gksus okykA
/S;Zlkxj% & /S;Zleqnz%] /S;Z dk leqnzA
#"Vsu & ozqQ¼su] ozqQ¼ lsA
'krkdh.kZe~ & lSdM+ksa yksxksa ls O;kIrA
lgls & lgua djksf"k] lgu djrs gSaA
LotufuHk`r% & vkReh;tuksa osQ izfr fou;;qDrA
loksZ¿I;soe~ & loZ% $ vfi $ ,oe~] lc gh ,slkA
e`nq% & dkseyA
ifjHkw;rs & frjfLØ;rs] frjLdkj dks izkIr gksrk gSA
Ñrfu'p;% & fofgrfu'p;%] dj fy;k gS fu'p; ftlusA
ekrqjkKk xjh;lh 23
;qofrjfgre~ & L=khjfgre~] ;qofr;ksa ls jfgrA

Nfyrk% & of×prk%] Bxk;s x;sA
viwoZ% [kYoL;k;kl% & [kyq $ vL; $ vk;kl%] bldk iz;kl fu'p; gh
vk'p;Ztud gSA
ØeizkIrs & Øe'k% izkIrA
'kksP;klus & 'kksd;qDrs vklus 'kksd ;ksX; vklu ijA
fueZufLork & fuLrstfLork] ân;'kwU;rkA
vLen~jkT;Hkza'k% & gekjs jkT; dk fouk'k gksxkA
/uq%'yk?kk & /uqfoZ|k esa vkReLrqfrA
ifjikY;rke~ & j{kk dhft,A
nX/qdkeso & nX/qdkek $ bo] HkLelkRdrZqdkek] ekuksa tykus dh bPNk
okyhA
LFkS;Ze~ & fLFkjrkA
mRikn;rk & mRiÂ djus okys osQ }kjkA
e;SoefHkfgre~ & e;k $ ,oe~ $ vfHkfgre~] eSaus ,slk dgkA
vfoKk;ksikyHkls & vfoKk; $ mikyHkls] fouk tkus mikyEHk nsrs gksA
fuosfnre~ & dfFkre~] izdV dj fn;kA
vizHkqRoe~ & vlkeF;Z dksA
uSokIre~ & u $ ,o $ vkIre~] uSo izkIre~] izkIr ugha fd;kA
uksiikfnre~ & u miikfnre~] u lEikfnre~ ugha fd;kA
x`ÊkRok;Ziq=k% & x`g~.kkrq $ vk;Ziq=k% ¾ vk;Z iq=k Lohdkj djsaA
vk;Ziq=k% & ifr osQ fy, lEcks/uA
e;Sdkfduk & e;k $ ,dkfduk] eq>s vosQys osQ }kjkA
fuoZrZf;rO;k & fuorZuh;k] djuh pkfg,A
ok;Zrke~ & fuok;Zrke~] jksdksA
24 HkkLorh
vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mÙkjr&
(d) ,d'kjhjlaf{kIrk dk jf{krO;k\
([k) 'kjhjs d% izgjfr\
(x) Lotu% oqQ=k izgjfr\
(?k) oSQosQÕ;k% HkrkZ osQu le% vklhr~\
(Ä) d% ekrq% ifjokna Jksrqa u bPNfr\
(p) osQu yksoaQ ;qofrjfgra oQr±q fu'p;% Ñr%\
(N) izfrek ukVdL; jpf;rk d%\
(d) jkeL; vfHk"ksd% dFka fuo`Ùk%\
([k) n'kjFkL; eksga JqRok y{e.ksu jks"ks.k fde~ mDre~\
(x) y{e.ksu ¯ddrq± fu'p;% Ñr%\
(?k) jkes.k =khf.k ikrdkfu dkfu mDrkfu\
(Ä) jke% y{e.kL; jks"ka dFka izfrikn;fr\

(d) e;k ,dkfduk xUrO;e~A
([k) nks"ks"kq ckãe~ vuqta Hkjra gukfuA
(x) jkKk gLrsu ,o folftZr%A
(?k) ikfFkZoL; ouxeufuo`fÙk% Hkfo";frA
(Ä) 'kjhjs vfj% izgjfrA
4- vèkksfyf[krs"kq laokns"kq d% oaQ izfr dFk;fr bfr fy[kr&

laokn% d% dFk;fr\ oaQ izfr dFk;fr
(d) ,d'kjhjlaf{kIrk i`fFkoh jf{krO;kA --------------------- ---------------------
([k) vyeqigrklq L=khcqf¼"kq LoektZoeqifu{ksIrqe~ --------------------- ---------------------
ekrqjkKk xjh;lh 25
(x) uouìfrfoe'ksZ ukfLr 'kÄïk iztkuke~ --------------------- ---------------------

(?k) jksfnrO;s dkys lkSfef=k.kk /uqxgZ̀ hre~ --------------------- ---------------------
(Ä) u 'kDuksfe jks"ka /kjf;rqe~ --------------------- ---------------------
(p) ,ukeqfí'; nsorkuka iz.kke% fØ;rs --------------------- ---------------------
(N) ;RÑrs egfr Dys'ks jkT;s es u euksjFk% --------------------- ---------------------
5- ikBekfJR; ^jkeL;* ^y{e.kL;* p pkfjf=kd&oSf'k"V~;a fgUnh@vaxzsth@laLÑr Hkk"k;k

fy[kr&
6- ikBkr~ fpRok vO;;inkfu fy[kr& mnkgj.kkfu uuq] r=k -------------------A
7- vèkksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq izÑfr&izR;;kS i`Fko~Q ÑRok fy[kr&
ifj=kkrO;%] oDrO;e~] jf{krO;k] HkforO;e~] iq=korh] Jksreq ]~ folftZr%] xr%] {kksfHkr%] èkkjf;rqeA~
8- vèkksfyf[krkuka inkuka laLÑr&okD;s"kq iz;ksx% dj.kh;%&

'kjhjs] izgjfr] HkrkZ] vfHk"ksd%] ikfFkZoL;] iztkuke~] gLrsu] /S;Zlkxj%] i';kfe] djs.kq%]
xUrO;e~A
9- vèkksfyf[krkuka LoHkk"k;k HkkokFk± fy[kr&

(d) 'kjhjs¿fj% izgjfr ân;s LotuLrFkkA
([k) uouìfrfoe'ksZ ukfLr 'kÄïk iztkuke~A
(x) ;fn u lgls jkKks eksga /uq% Li`'k ek n;ke~A
(?k) ;RÑrs egfr Dys'ks jkT;s es u euksjFk%A
10- vèkksfyf[krins"kq lfU/PNsn% dk;Z%&

jf{krO;sfr] xq.ksuk=k] 'kjhjs¿fj%] LotuLrFkk] ;sukdk;Ze~] [kYoLer~] fdeI;fHkere~ gLrsuSo]
nX/qdkesoA
26 HkkLorh
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
^dkO;s"kq ukVoaQ jE;e~* bR;uqHkw; egkdfo&Hkklsu je.kh;Roa izfrikn;rk ukVdkfu ,o jfprkfuA
ukVdh;k;k% ijEijk;k% izorZua Hkklknso izkI;rsA ;|fi HkklL; izkekf.koaQ thou&o`Ùka uSoksiyH;rs
rFkkfi osQpu~ fo}kal% egkdfoe~ mTtf;uhde~ eU;UrsA HkklukVdpozsQ&LoIuoklonRre~]
izfrKk;kSxUèkjk;.ke~] izfrekukVde~] vfoekjde~] ckypfjre~] vfHk"ksde~] i×pjk=ke~] eè;eO;k;ksx%]
Å#HkÄeõ ~] nwr?kVksRdpe~] d.kZHkkje~] nwrokD;e~] pk#nÙke~ p =k;ksn'k ukVdkfu x.;UrsA
izfrekukVde~ & ,rÂkVde~ lIrkÄiï fjfere~ fo|rsA vfLeu~ jkeouoklknkjH; jko.koèki;ZUra dFkk
of.kZrk orZrsA ekrqyx`gkr~ fuorZeku% Hkjr% ;nk ekxsZ v;ksè;k;k% ik'osZ izfrek&efUnjs LofnoÄõrs"kq
iwoZts"kq egkjkTkL; n'kjFkL; izfreka i';fr rnk l% firq% ej.kfo"k;s tkukfrA rnSo jkejko.k;ks%
;q¼L; lans'k% izkI;rs] Hkjr% jkeL; lgk;rkFk± lSU;cya izs"k;frA izfre;k ukVosQu firq% ej.kL;
lwpuk;k% dkj.kkr~ vL; ukVdL;kfHk/kue~ izfrekukVde~ tkre~A
prqFkZ% ikB%
iztkuqj×tdks uì%
izLrqr ikB egkdfo dkfynkl fojfpr j?kqoa'k osQ izFke lxZ ls fy;k x;k gSA bu vkjfEHkd
'yksdksa esa dkfynkl egku~ j?kqoqQy osQ jktkvksa osQ xq.kksa osQ o.kZu osQ ekè;e ls lalkj dks ;g
crkus dh ps"Vk djrs gSa fd 'kkldksa esa dkSu&dkSu ls xq.k gksus pkfg,\ jktk dk eq[; /eZ
iztk dk vuqj×tu djuk gSA jktk dks iztk osQ dY;k.k osQ fy, gh iztk ls dj ysdj dks"k
,df=kr djuk pkfg;sA dj&xzg.k djus dk mís'; vkifÙk vkus ij iztk dk d"Vfuokj.k djuk
gksrk gSA jktk dks fo}ku~] lR;oknh] bfUnz;fuxzgh rFkk iztkikyd gksuk pkfg,A bl lalkj esa os
gh jktoa'k fpjdky rd jkT; djrs gSa] ftuesa j?kqoa'kh jktkvksa osQ leku xq.k ik, tkrs gSaA
dkfynkl bl osQ ekè;e ls u osQoy Hkkjr osQ vfirq fo'o osQ 'kkldksa osQ le{k ;s vuqdj.kh;
vkn'kZ izLrqr djrs gSaA iztkikyu] iztkuqj×tu gh 'kkld dk izeq[k /eZ gS&;g èofu bl ls
izdV gksrh gSA
28 HkkLorh
R;kxk; laHk`rkFkkZuka lR;k; ferHkkf"k.kke~A

;'kls foftxh"kw.kka iztk;S x`gesf/uke~ AA1AA
'kS'kos¿H;Lrfo|kuka ;kSous fo"k;Sf"k.kke~A
ok¼ZoQs eqfuo`Ùkhuka ;ksxus kUrs ruqR;tke~ AA2AA
j?kw.kkeUo;a o{;s ruqokfXoHkoks¿fi lu~A
rn~x.q kS% d.kZekxR; pkiyk; izpksfnr% AA3AA
oSoLorks euqukZe ekuuh;ks euhf"k.kke~A
vklhUeghf{krkek|% iz.ko'NUnlkfeo AA4AA
rnUo;s 'kqf¼efr izlrw % 'kqf¼eÙkj%A
fnyhi bo jktsUnqfjUnq% {khjfu/kfoo AA5AA
vkdkjln`'kizK% izK;k ln`'kkxe%A
vkxeS% ln`'kkjEHk vkjEHkln`'kksn;% AA6AA
iztkukeso HkwR;Fk± l rkH;ks cfyexzghr~A
lgÏxq.keqRÏ"VqeknÙks fg jla jfo% AA7AA
Kkus ekSua {kek 'kDrkS R;kxs 'yk?kkfoi;Z;%A
xq.kk xq.kkuqcfU/RokÙkL; lizlok bo AA8AA
iztkuka fou;k/kuknz{k.kk‰j.kknfiA
l firk firjLrklka osQoya tUegsro% AA9AA
}s"s ;ks¿fi laer% f'k"VLrL;krZL; ;FkkS"k/e~A
R;kT;ks nq"V% fiz;ks¿I;klhnÄ~xyq hoksjx{krk AA10AA
iztkuqj×tdks uì% 29
l osykoizoy;ka ifj[khÑrlkxjke~A
vuU;'kklukeqoh± 'k'kklSdiqjhfeo AA11AA
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
lEHk`rkFkkZuke~ & laHk`r% vFkZ% ;S% rs"kke~ cgqohz fg lf×p¼ukuke~] /u bdV~Bk
djus okys (j?kqoaf'k;ksa dk)A
ferHkkf"k.kke~ & fera Hkk"kUrs ;s rs rs"kke~] miin rRiq#"k] lhferHkk"k.kdrZ.Ï kke~]
lhfer cksyus okys (j?kqoaf'k;ksa dk)A
fotxh"kw.kke~ & fo $ ft $ lu~ $ m] "k-c-o-] fot;L;&bPNqdkuke~]
fot; dh bPNk j[kus okys (j?kqoaf'k;ksa dk)A
x`gesf/uke~ & x`gs es/Urs rs"kke~] miin rRiq#"k] nkjifjxzgk.kke~] fookg
djus okys (j?kqoaf'k;ksa dk)A
fo"k;Sf"k.kke~ & fo"k;ku~ bPNfUr rs"kke~] miin rRiq#"k] HkksxkfHkykf"k.kka]
Hkksx dh bPNk j[kus okys (j?kqoaf'k;ksa dk)A
ruqR;tke~ & ruqa R;tfUr rs"kke~] miin rRiq#"k] nsgR;kfxuke~] 'kjhj
dk R;kx djus okys (j?kqoaf'k;ksa dk)A
vUo;e~ & oa'ke~] oa'k osQ fo"k; esaA
ruqokfXoHko% & ruq oko~Q ,o foHko% ;L; l% cgqohz fg] LoYiok.khizlkj%]
ok.kh dk FkksM+k oSHkoA
pkiyk; & piyL;Hkko%] piy $ v.k~] pkiye~] piyrk osQ fy,A
izpksfnr% & iz $ pqn~ $ Dr iq-iz-,-o-] izsfjr%] izsj.kk fd;k gqvkA
euhf"k.kke~ & eu"k% bZf"k.k% euhf"k.k% rs"kke~ fonq"kke~] fo}kuksa esaA
eghf{krke~ & egha f{k;fUr bfr eghf{kr% rs"kke~ f{krh'ojk.kke~] jktkvksa
esaA
iz.ko% & vksÄïkj%] vks¿e~ 'kCnA
NUnlke~ & osnkuke~] osnksa esaA
vUo;s & oa'ks] oa'k esaA
30 HkkLorh
'kqf¼efr & 'kqf¼ $ erqi~ iq- lIreh ,-o-] 'kqf¼jL;kfLr bfr 'kqf¼eku~
rfLeu~ (ifo=k oa'k esa)A
izlwr% & iz $ lw $ Dr] tkr%] mRiÂ gqvkA
jktsUnq% & jkKke~ bUnq%] "k"Bh rRiq#"k iq-iz- ,-o-] jktJs"B] jktkvksa esa
Js"BA
bUnq% & pUnzek%] pUnzekA
{khjfu/kS & {khjleqnzs] {khj lkxj esaA
vkdkjln`'kizK% & vkdkjs.k ln`'kh izKk ;L; l%] vkdkj osQ leku cqf¼
okysA
izK;k ln`'kkxe% & izK;k ln`'kk% vkxek% ;L; l% cgqozhfg] izK;k vuq:i%
'kkL=kifjJe%] cqf¼ osQ vuq:i 'kkL=k dk vH;klA
vkxeS% ln`'kkjEHk% & 'kkL=kS% ln`'k vkjEHk%] 'kkL=kksa osQ vuqlkj (deZ) vkpj.k
djus okykA
vkjEHkln`'kksn;% & vkjEHks . k ln` ' k% mn;% ;L; l% cgq c z h fg] iz k jEHk&
ln`'kflf¼;qDr%] izkjEHk osQ leku iQy dh flf¼ okykA
HkwR;FkZe~ & HkwR;S bfr] vFkZ osQ ;ksx es prqFkhZ rRiq#"k] o`nè~ ;FkZe]~ (mUufr)
HkykbZ osQ fy,A
cfye~ & dje~] dj dks (VSDl dks)A
lgÏxq.keqRÏ"Vqe~ & lgÏ/k nkrqe~] gtkj xquk nsus osQ fy,A
mRÏ"Vqe~ & mn~ $ l`t~ $ rqequ~] nsus osQ fy,A
vknRrs & vk $ nk] yV~ iz-iq- ,-o- x`g~.kkfr] xzg.k djrk gSA
'yk?kkfoi;Z;% & 'yk?kk;k foi;Z;%] "k"Bh rRiq#"k] fodRFkuk;kHkko%] viuh
cM+kbZ u djus okykA
xq.kkuqcfUèkRokr~ & xq.kku~ vuqcèufUr] xq.kkuqcfUèku%] rs"kka Hkko% rLekr~]
Kkukfnxq.kkuqlkfjRokr~] Kkukfn xq.kksa osQ vuqdj.k djus lsA
lizlok bo & lksnjk bo] lgksnj osQ lekuA
fou;kèkkukr~ & fouezrkf'k{k.kkr~] fouezrk vkfn dh f'k{kk nsus lsA
j{k.kkr~ & =kk.kkr~] j{kk djus osQ dkj.k lsA
Hkj.kkr~ & iks"k.kkr~] Hkj.k&iks"k.k osQ gsrq lsA

tUegsro% & tUeu% ,o gsro%] tUeek=kdÙkkZj%] tUe ek=k nsus osQ dkj.kA
mjx{krk & mjxs.k {krk] liZ] lk¡i ls dkVh xbZA
vÄq õyho & vaxqyh osQ lekuA
osykoizoy;ka & osyk ,o oizoy;% ;L;k% lk rka cgqczhfg] leqnz&
owQyizkdkjk;ka] leqnz dk fdukjk gh ftl uxj dh izeq[k
nhokj dk ijdksVk gSA
ifj[khÑrlkxjke~ & ifjr% [kkrk% ifj[kk%] ifj[kk% Ñrk% lkxjk% ;L;k% lk rke~]
leqnz dh pgjnhokjh dksA
vuU;'kkluke~ & u vfLr vU;L; 'kklua ;L;ka lk rke~] cgqczhfg lekl u
vU;'kklosQu 'kkflrke~] vU; jktk osQ }kjk 'kklu u dh
xbZA
mohZe~ & i`fFkohe~] i`Foh dksA
'k'kkl & 'kklua Ñroku~] 'kklu fd;kA
vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mÙkjr&
(d) osQ"kke~ vUo;% dkfynklsu foof{kr%\
([k) j?kqoaf'ku% vUrs osQu ruqa R;tfUr\
(x) eghf{krke~ vk|% d% vklhr~\
(?k) dklka firj% osQoya tUegsro%\
(Ä) d% fiz;% vfi R;kT;%\
(p) fnyhi% iztkuka HkwR;Fk± de~ vxzghr~\
(N) jktsUnq% fnyhi% j?kw.kkeUo;s {khjfu/kS d% bo izlwr%\
(d) egkdfodkfynklsu oSoLorks euq% eghf{krke~ dhn`'k% fuxfnr%\
([k) dkfynkl% ruqokfXoHko% lu~ vfi rn~xq.kS% dFka izpksfnr%\
32 HkkLorh
(x) osQ ra (j?kqoa'ka) JksrqegZfUr\

(?k) fnyhiL; dk;kZ.kke~ vkjEHk% dhn`'k% vklhr~\
(Ä) jfo% jla fdeFkZe~ vknÙks\

(d) l% iztkukeso HkwR;Fk± cfye~ vxzghr~A
([k) iztkuka fou;k/kukr~ l% firk vklhr~A
(x) euhf"k.kka ekuuh;% euq% vklhr~A
(?k) 'kqf¼efr vUo;s fnyhi% izlwr%A
(Ä) firj% tUegsro% vklu~A
4- v/ksfyf[krkuka HkkokFk± fgUnh@vkaXy@laLÑr LoHkk"k;k fy[kr&

(d) iztkukeso HkwR;Fk± l rkH;ks cfyexzghr~A
([k) vkxeS% ln`'kkjEHk% vkjEHkln`'kksn;%A
(x) l firk firjLrklka osQoya tUegsro%A
(?k) vuU;'kklukeqoh± 'k'kklSdiqjhfeoA
5- v/ksfyf[krs"kq foijhrkFkZesyua oqQ#r&

;kSous piyrke~
ekSue~ 'kklue~ u vdjksr~
R;kT;% v{krk
'k'kkl xzká%
{krk ok/ZosQ
6- v/ksfyf[krs"kq izÑfr&izR;;&foHkkx% fØ;rke~&

vkxR;] mRÏ"Vqe~] laer%] R;kT;%] f'k"V%
7- lfU/e~ lfU/&foPNsna ok oqQ#r&

ruqokfXoHkoks¿fi] ;ksxsukUrs] rkH;% $ cfye~] 'k'kklSdiqjhfeoA
8- v/ksfyf[krL; 'yksd};L; vUo;a oqQ#r&

iztkuka fou;k/kuknz{k.kk‰j.kknfiA
l firk firjLrklka osQoya tUegsro%AA
l osykoizoy;ka ifj[khÑrlkxjke~A
vuU;'kklukeqoh± 'k'kklSdiqjhfeoAA
9- v/ksfyf[krs"kq fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks";;ks% esyua oqQ#r&

ekuuh;% vÄy õ h
q
jktsUnq% vkrZL;
tUegsro% euq%
mjx{krk fnyhi%
rL; firj%
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
^j?kqoa'ke~* egkdfodkfynklL; jpuklq egkdkO;s"kq x.;rsA lkfgR;niZ.ks egkdkO;L; y{k.kfena
izkI;rs&^lxZcU/ks egkdkO;e~* ,rfLeu~ nso%] mnkÙkxq.k;qDr%] mPpoqQyksRiÂ% {kf=k;ks ok uk;dks
Hkosr~A ,dfLeu~ oa'ks leqRiÂk% cgoks jktkuks¿fi uk;dk% Hkforqe~ vgZfUrA jls"kq Ük`Äkõ jks] ohj%
'kkUrks ok jl% izk/kU;su] 'ks"kjlk% vÄ: õ is.k p iz;qT;UrsA prqfoZ/iq#"kkFkkZuka /ekZFkZdkeeks{kk.kka
ykHk% egkdkO;L; iQy:is.k LohÑr%A egkdkO;L; ,dfLeu~ lxsZ ,dL;So NUnl% iz;ksx%]
lxkZUrs p NUnfl ifjorZua bfr egkdkO;L; y{k.ks fufnZ"Ve~A ,rr~ lo± j?kqoa'kegkdkO;s izkI;rsA
vusu egkdfouk izÑrs% fp=k.ka Loh;s egkdkO;s eqÙkQHkkosu ewÙkZ:is.k Ñre~A v=k vklw;kZr~ vfXuo.k±
;kor~ uìk.kka xzkáxq.kkuka R;kT;nks"kk.kka pksYys[k% fo|rsA egkdkO;fene~ ,dksu¯o'kfrlxs"Z kq fuc¼efLrA
dkfynklL; }s egkdkO;s j?kqoa'ke~ oqQekjlEHkoe~] ukVd=k;a ekyfodkfXufe=ke~] foØeksoZ'kh;e~]
vfHkKku'kkoqQUrye~ [k.MdkO;s"kq p es?knwre~] ½rqlagkj×p foJqrkfuA
i pe% ikB%
nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk
izLrqr ikB f’kojktfot; uked laL r Hkk"kk osQ izFke miU;kl ls fy;k x;k gS] ftl osQ
ys[kd ia- vfEcdkn kO;kl gSAa O;kl th dk tUe ml le; gqvk] tc Hkkjr ijk/hurk dh
csfM+;ksa esa tdM+k gqvk FkkA 1857 dk LorU=krk laxzke vliQy gks pqdk Fkk] turk fujk’k gks
pqdh Fkh] vaxt zs ksa osQ vR;kpkj c<+rs tk jgs FksA ,sls le; esa LorU=krk&izkfIr dh vy[k txkus
osQ fy, tgk¡ jktuSfrd eap ij usrk lf ; Fks] ogha rRdkyhu ys[kd Hkh bl dk;Z esa ihNs
ugha jgsA caxkyhHkk"kk esa fy[ks x, miU;klksa dh yksdfiz;rk ls izsj.kk izkIr dj vfEcdkn k O;kl
us laL rHkk"kk esa f’kojktfot; uked miU;kl dh jpuk dhA blesa ys[kd us f’kokth ,oe~
vkSjaxtsc osQ la?k"kZ dks vk/kj cuk;k gSA izLrqr laikfnr ikB esa nqxZ osQ }kjiky dh bZekunkjh
rFkk LokfeHkfDr dh eg kk izfrikfnr djrs gq, cM+s gh ukVdh; <ax ls mldh ijh{kk iznf’kZr
dh xbZ gSA bl ikB osQ laokn cM+s gh jkspd gSa rFkk ikBd dh mRlqdrk dks lrr v{kq..k
cuk, j[krs gSaA
lao‘ ks fdf pnU/dkjs Hkq’kq.Mha LdU/s fu/k; fuiq.ka fujh{kek.k%] vkxr&izR;kxra

p fon/ku%] izrkinqxnZ kSokfjd% dL;kfi ikn{ksiŁofufeokJkS"khr~A rr% fLFkjhHkw;
nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk 35
iqjr% i’;u~ lR;fi nhiizdk’ks deI;uoyksd;u~ xEHkhjLojs.kSoe~ voknhr~&^^d%

dks¿=k Hkks%\ d% dks¿=k Hkks%\** bfrA
vFk {k.kkuUrja iqu% l ,o iknŁofujJkohfr Hkw;% lk{ksieokspr~&^^d ,"k
ekeuq kj;u~ eqe"w kZ%q lek;kfr cf/j%\
rrks ^^nkSokfjd! ’kkUrks Hko fdfefr O;Fk– eqe"w kqfZ jfr cfŁkj bfr p onfl\**
bfr oDrkjei’;rSok¿¿df.kZ eUnzLojesnjq k ok.khA vFk ^^rr~ fld ukKkf; v|kfi
Hkork izHkqo;kZ.kkekns’kks ;n~ nkSokfjosQ.k izgfj.kk ok f=k%i‘"Vks¿s fi izR;q kjennn~
gUrO;% bfr** bR;soa Hkk"kek.ksu }k%LFksu {kE;rkes"k vkxPNkfe] vkxR; p fuf[kya
fuosn;kfe** bfr dFk;u~ }kn’ko"ks.Z k osQukfi fHk{kkoVqukuqxE;eku% dks¿fi
dk"kk;oklk% /‘rrqEchik=k% HkO;ewfrZ% laU;klh n‘"V%A rrLr;ksjo s e~ vHkwnkyki%&
laU;klh & dFkeLeku~ laU;kfluks¿fi dBksjHkk"k.kSfLrjLdjksf"k\
nkSokfjd%& Hkxou~! laU;klh rqjh;kJelsohfr iz.kE;rs] ijUrq izHkw.kkekKkeqyy ~ ?a ;
futifjp;ennnsok¿¿;krhR;kozQq ’;rsA
laU;klh & lR;a {kkUrks¿;eijk/%] ija laU;kfluks czªpkfj.k% if.Mrk%] fL=k;ks
ckyk’p u fdefi iz"VO;k%A vkRekue~ vifjpk;;Urks¿fi izo"s VO;k%A
nkSokfjd%& laU;kflu~! laU;kflu~! cgwDre~] foje u o;a nkSokfjdk czª.kks¿I;kKka
izrh{kkegs] osQoya egkjktf’koohjL;kKka o;a f’kjlk ogke%A izkg~.ks
egkjktL; lUŁ;ksiklule;s Hkokn‘’kkuka izo’s kle;ks Hkofr] u rq
jk=kkSA
laU;klh & rr~ fld dks¿fi u izfo’kfr jk=kkS\
nkSokfjd%& (lk{ksie~) dks¿fi dFka u izfo’kfr\ ifjfprk ok] izkIrifjp;i=kk
ok] vkgwrk ok izfo’kfUr] u rq ;s osQ¿fi lekxrk Hkokn‘’kk%A
laU;klh & nkSokfjd! br vk;kfg fdefi d.ksZ dFkf;";kfeA
nkSokfjd%& (rFkk ROkk) dF;rke~A
36 HkkLorh
laU;klh & ;fn Roa eka izfo’kUra u izfr#U/s% rn/quo S ifj" rikjnHkLe rqH;a
n|ke~ ;Fkk Roa xq tkek=ks.kkfi }ki pk’kRla[;kdrqykifjfera rkeza
lqo.k– fo/krqa ’kDuq;k%A
nkSokfjd%& gagks] diVlaU;kflu~! dFka fo’okl?kkra Lokfeo pua p f’k{k;fl\
rs osQpukU;s HkofUr uhpk ;s mRdkspyksHksu Lokfeua o pf;Rok
vkRekue~ vU/refl ikr;fUr u o;a f’kox.kkLrkn‘’kk%A (laU;kfluks
gLra /‘Rok) brLrq lR;a dFk; dLRoe~\ oqQr vk;kr%\ osQu ok izfs "kr%\
laU;klh & vga rq Roka dL;kfi ns’knzkfs g.kks xw<pja eU;sA (gLrek ";) rnkxPN
nqxkZŁ;{klehis] l ,okfHkKk; Ro;k ;Fkksfpra O;ogfj";frA
rr% laU;klh rq ^R;t! ukga iqujk;kL;kfe] ukga iqujsoa dFkf;";kfe]
egk’k;ks¿fl n;Lo bfr cgq/k vdFk;r~] nkSokfjdLrq rek "; u;´so
izpfyr%A
vFk nhiL; lehiekxR; laU;kfluksDre~ ^^nkSokfjd! u eka
izR;fHktkukflA** rr% iqufuZi.q ka fujh{kek.kks nkSokfjdLra i;Zfpuksr&~
^vk%! dFka Jheku~ xkSjfllg%\ vk;Z! {kE;rkeuqfprO;ogkj ,rL;
xzkE;ojkdL;A rnoŁkk;Z rL; i‘"Bs gLra foU;L;u~ laU;kfl:iks xkSjfllg%
leokspr~&
^^nkSokfjd! e;k n‘<a ijhf{krks¿fl] ;Fkk;ksX; ,o ins fu;qDrks¿fl]
Rokn‘{kk ,o oLrqr% iqjLdkj&Hkktukfu HkofUr] yksd};a p fot;UrsA**
’kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;’p
lao‘ ks & gksus ijA
fdf pnU/dkjs & fdf pr~ $ vUŁkdkjs oqQN v¡/sjk (gksus ij)A
Hkq’kq.Mhe~ & cUnwd dksA
LdUŁks & dU/s ijA
nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk 37
fu/k; & j[kdj (fu milxZ /k /krq] Y;i~ izR;;)A

fuiq.ke~ & Hkyh&Hkk¡frA
fujh{kek.k% & ns[krs gq, (fu milxZ bZ{k~ /krq] ’kkup~ izR;;)A
vkxr&izR;kxra & vkuk&tkukA
fon/ku% & vPNh rjg tkurs&le>rs gq,A
izrkinqxZnkSokfjd% & izrkinqxZ dk }kjiky (izrkinqxZL; nkSokfjd%)A
dL;kfi & fdlh osQ (dL; $ vfi)A
ikn{ksiŁofufeokJkS"khr~ & ikn{ksiŁofue~ $ bo $ vJkS"khr~] iknkuke~ {ksiL; Łofue~
ikn{ksiŁofue~] iSjksa osQ j[kus tSlh vkokt dks lqukA
rr% & rcA
fLFkjhHkw; & fLFkj gksdj (pkSdUuk gksdj)A
iqjr% & vkxsA
i’;u~ & ns[krs gq, (n‘’k~ /krq ’kr‘ izR;;)A
lR;fi & lfr $ vfi (dh fLFkfr es)a A
nhiizdk’ks & nhikuke~ izdk’ks] nhi osQ izdk’k esaA
deI;uoyksd;u~ & de~ $ vfi $ vuoyksd;u~] fdlh dks u ns[krs gq,A
voknhr~ & cksykA
d% dks¿=k Hkks%\ & d% $ d% $ v=k] gs! dkSu] dkSu gS ;gk¡\
vFk & blosQ ckn (fiQj)A
{k.kkuUrje~ & {k.kL; vuUrje~A
iqu% & fiQjA
l ,o & l% $ ,o] oghA
iknŁofujJkohfr & iknŁofu% $ vJkfo $ bfr] inŁofu lquh xbZA
lk{ksieokspr~ & lk{ksie~ $ vokspr~] Mk¡Vrs gq, dgkA
d ,"k ekeuq kj;u~ & d% $ ,"k% $ eke~ $ vuq kj;u~] ;g dkSu eq>s fcuk
m kj fn,A
eqew"kqZ% & e‘R;q dk bPNqdA
38 HkkLorh
lek;kfr & pyk vk jgk gSA

cf/j% & cgjkA
nkSokfjd & gs }kjikyA
’kkUrks Hko & ’kkUr% Hko & ’kkUr gksb,A
fdfefr & fde~ $ bfr] ;g D;kA
O;FkZe~ & O;FkZ ghA
onfl & dg jgs gks\
oDrkjei’;rSok¿df.kZ & oDrkje~ $ vi’;rk $ ,o $ vkdf.kZ] cksyus okys
dks u ns[krs gq, lqukA
vi’;rk & n‘’k~ /krq] ’kr‘ izR;;] r‘rh;k ,dopu] u k~ vFkZ es]a u
ns[krs gq, ds }kjkA
oDrkje~ & oDrk dksA
vkdf.kZ & lquk x;kA
eUnzLojesnqjk ok.kh & eUnzLojs.k esnjq k ok.kh] xEHkhj Loj ls ifjiw.kZA
ukKkf; & u $ vKkf;] ugha igpkuk x;kA
f=k%i‘"Vks¿fi & f=k% i‘"V% $ vfi] rhu ckj iwNs tkus ij HkhA
izR;q kjennn~ & izR;q kje~ $ vnnn~] m kj u fn, tkus okykA
gUrO;% & oŁ; gSA
bR;soe~ & bfr $ ,oe~] bl izdkjA
Hkk"kek.ksu & Hkk"k~ /krq] ’kkup~ izR;;] cksyrs gq, (osQ }kjk)A
}k%LFksu & }kj ij fLFkr ls] }kjs fLFkr% ;% l% rsuA
{kE;rkes"k% & {kE;rke~ $ ,"k%] {kek djsa] ;gA
fHk{kkoVqukuqxE;eku% & fHk{kkoVquk $ vuqxE;eku%] fHk{kqd czªpkjh }kjk vuqxeu
fd;k tkrk gqvkA
dk"kk;oklk% & dk"kk;kf.k oklakfl /kj;fr ;% l%] dk"kk; oL=k ŁkkjhA
rrLr;ksjsoeHkwnkyki% & rr% $ r;ks% $ ,oe~ $ vHkwr~ $ vkyki%] rc mu
nksuksa esa bl izdkj dk okrkZyki gqvkA
nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk 39
laU;kfluks¿fi & laU;kflu% $ vfiA

dBksjHkk"k.kSfLrjLdjksf"k & dBksjHkk"k.kS% $ frjLdjksf"k] dBksjkf.k p rkfu Hkk"k.kkfu
rS%] dBksj Hkk"k.kksa ls frjL r dj jgs gksA
rqjh;kJelsohfr & rqjh;k $ vkJelsoh $ bfr] rqjh;% p vlkS vkJe%]
ra lsors ;% l%] prqFkZ vkJe dk vuqikyu djus
okysA
izHkw.kkekKkeqYya?; & izHkw.kke~ $ vkKke~ $ mYya?;] jktk dh vkKk dk
mYya?ku djosQA
futifjp;ennnsok¿¿;krhR;kozQq ’;rs & futifjp;e~ $ vnnn~ $ ,o $ vk;kfr $ bfr $
vkozQq ’;rs] viuk ifjp; u nsrs gq, gh pys vk jgs
gks (vr%) ks/ fd;k tk jgk gSA
{kkUrks¿;eijk/% & {kkUr% $ v;e~ $ vijk/%] ;g vijk/ {kek fd;k
x;kA
vkRekueifjpk;;Urks¿fi & vkRekue~ $ vifjpk;;Ur% $ vfi] viuk ifjp;
u fn, tkus ij HkhA
izos"VO;k% & iz milxZ] fo’k~ /krq f.kp~ izR;;$rO;r~ izR;;] izfo"V
djok nsuk pkfg,A
cgwDre~ & cgq $ mDre~] cgqr cksy fn;kA
izos’kle;% & izos’kL; le;%] izos’k dk le;A
izkIrifjp;i=kk% & izkIrkfu ifjp;i=kkf.k ;S% rs ftUgksua s ifjp;&i=k izkIr
dj fy, gSaA
izfr#U/s% & jksdksA
mRdkspyksHksu & mRdkspL; yksHksu] ?kwl osQ yksHk lsA
i;Zfpuksr~ & igpku fy;kA
40 HkkLorh
vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu m kjr&
(d) izrkinqxnZ kSokfjd% dL; Łofue~ bo vJkS"khr~\
([k) dk"kk;oklk% /‘rrqEchik=k% HkO;ewfrZ% bfr ,rs ’kCnk% dL; fo’ks"k.kkfu lfUr\
(x) d% rqjh;kJelsoh vfLr\
(?k) egkjktL; lUŁ;ksiklule;% dnk Hkofr\
(˜) osQ mRdkspyksHksu Lokfeua o p;fUr\
(p) R;t! ukga iqujk;kL;kfe] ukga iqujsoa dFkf;";kfe] egk’k;ks¿fl] n;Lo bfr d%
vonr~\
(N) nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk osQu ijhf{krk\
2- ,dokD;su m kje~ nh;rke~&

(d) jk=kkS osQ osQ izfo’kfUr\
([k) nhiL; lehiekxR; laU;kfluk fde~ mDre~\
(x) egkjkta izR;fHkKk; nkSokfjd% fde~ vonr~\
(?k) d% de~ dBksjHkk"k.kS% frjLdjksfr\
(˜) ^nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk* v;e~ ikB% dLekr~ xzUFkkr~ x‘ghr%\
(p) f’kox.kk% dhn‘’kk% vklu~\
(N) nkSokfjd% laU;kflue~ de~ veU;r\
3- iz’ufuekZ.ke~ js[kkafdrinkU;k/‘R; oqQ#r&

(d) egkjktf’koohjL; vkKka o;a f’kjlk ogke%A
([k) uhpk mRdkspyksHksu Lokfeua o pf;Rok vkRekue~ vU/rels ikr;fUrA
(x) nqxkZŁ;{k% ,o ;Fkksfpre~ O;ogfj";frA
(?k) nkSokfjd% laU;kflue~ vk "; u;Uuso izpfyr%A
(˜) nkSokfjdL; i‘"Bs gLra foU;L;u~ laU;kfl:iks xkSjfllg% vonr~A
(p) nhiL; lehiekxR; laU;kfluk mDre~A
(N) laU;klh rqjh;kJelsoh bfr iz.kE;rsA
(t) izrkinqxZnkSokfjd% dL;kfi ikn{ksiŁofue~ vJkS"khr~A
nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk 41
4- leklfoxzg% f ;rke~&
(d) izrkinqxZnkSokfjd% ([k) nhiizdk’ks
(x) {k.kkuUrje~ (?k) iknŁofu%
(˜) }k%LFksu (p) dBksjHkk"k.kS%
(N) xEHkhjLojs.k
5- lfUŁkPNsn% f ;rke~&
(d) fdf pnU/dkjs ([k) ’kkUrks Hko
(x) v|kfi (?k) bR;s oe~
(˜) dks¿=k (p) rn/quSo
(N) {kkUrks¿;eijk/% (t) cgwDre~
6- milxZ&iz fr@iz fr&izR;;&foHkkxa n’kZ;r&

(d) fu/k; ([k) izR;kxre~
(x) fon/ku% (?k) fujh{kek.k%
(˜) Hkk"kek.ksu (p) vfHkKk;
(N) i’;u~ (t) vuq kj;u~
7- fo’ks"k.ka fo’ks";su lg ;kst;r&

xEHkhjs.k tu%
eqew"kqZ% xw<pj%
dBksjS% ikjnHkLe
ifj" re~ Lojs.k
diVh Hkk"k.kS%
mRdkspyksHkh vH;kxrk%
ns’knzkfs g.k% lU;kflu~
vkgwrk% uhp%
42 HkkLorh
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
yksdks kjkuUnnkrk izcU/% dkO;ukeHkko~QA
n‘’;a JO;fefr }s/k rRdkO;a ifjdhfrZre~ AA1AA
dkO;L; izdkjk%&x|i|Hksnsu vkdkjHksnsu p

x|a i|a rFkk x|i|a JO;fefr f=k/kA
lUnHkZxUz FkHksnus izR;soQa rn~ f}/k Hkosr~ AA2AA
vYi% lUnHkZ bR;qDr% i=ka ok¿fi Lroks ;FkkA

xzUFkLrq c‘gnkdkjks yksoQs iqLrdukeHkko~Q AA3AA
x|SfoZ|ksfrra ;r~ L;kn~ x|dkO;a rnhfjre~A

xzUFk:ia rnsok¿=k JO;a fdf pfUu:I;rs AA4AA
miU;klinsuk¿fi rnso ifjdF;rsA

;Fkk dknEcjh ;}k f’kojktfot;ks ee AA5AA
brj’kq…x|dkO;ys[kdk%
vLekoaQ egkekU;k /U;k% lqcU/q&ck.k&nf.Muks egkdo;ks oklon kkdknEcjhn’koqQekjpfjrkfu
lqŁkkeŁkqjkf.k lnk lnuqHkO;kfu x|dkO;kfu fojP; HkkjrOk"k– lcgq ekueoqQoZu~
v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka lekukFkkZfu inkfu ikBs¿Uos"VO;kfu&

Vgydneh (taking round)
dkSu gS m/j (who is there)
iSjksa dh vkgV] inpki
"k"B% ikB%
lwfDr&lkSjHke~
fdlh Hkh Hkk"kk dh lwfDr;k¡ ml lekt osQ euhf"k;ksa }kjk 'krkfCn;ksa rd vuqHkwr mu osQ nSfud
thou osQ vuqHkoksa dks izdV djrh gSaA ;s lwfDr;k¡ dysoj esa LoYi gksrs gq, Hkh vius esa
fo'kky Hkko&xkEHkh;Z dks lesVs gq, gksrh gSaA oLrqr% bUgha lqHkkf"krksa rFkk lwfDr;ksa ls gh ml
Hkk"kk dh le`f¼ |ksfrr gksrh gSA oSfnd dky ls ysdj orZeku dky rd ukuk dfo;ksa us bu
esa vius nh?kZdkyhu vuqHkoksa dks 'kCnc¼ fd;k gSA pk.kD;] HkrZ̀gfj] fo".kq'kekZ osQ lqHkkf"kr
tgk¡ fpjdky ls izfl¼ jgs gSa] ogha vk/qfud ys[kd Hkh blosQ ihNs ugha jgsA bl ikB esa
izkphu ,oe~ vokZphu nksuksa dfo;ksa dh pquh gqbZ oqQN lwfDr;ksa dks mifuc¼ fd;k x;k gSA
Nk=kksa dks bu lwfDr;kas dks d.BLFk djuk pkfg;sA okn&fookn] Hkk"k.k&izfr;ksfxrk rFkk nSfud
O;ogkj osQ fy, ;s furkUr mi;ksxh rFkk izHkkoksRiknd gksrh gSaA
Lok;ÙkesdkUrxq.ka fo/k=kk
fofufeZra NknueKrk;k%A
fo'ks"kr% loZfonka lekts
foHkw"k.ka ekSueif.Mrkuke~AA1AA
(Hkr`Zgfj%)
:ia izfl¼a u cq/kLrnkgq&

foZ|korka oLrqr ,o :ie~A
vis{k;k :iorka fg fo|k
ekua yHkUrs¿frrjka txR;ke~ AA2AA
(eÄõynso 'kkL=kh)
44 HkkLorh
u nqtuZ % lTturkeqifS r 'kB% lgÏSjfi f'k{;ek.k%A

fpja fueXuks¿fi lq/k&leqnsz u eUnjks eknZoeH;qifS r AA3AA
(Hk^jkeukFk 'kkL=kh)
d.kkZer` a lwfDrjla foeqP; nks"ks"kq ;Ru% lqegku~ [kykuke~A
fujh{krs osQfyoua izfo'; Øesyd% d.Vdtkyeso AA4AA
(egkdfo foYg.k)
mRlkg&lEiUuenh?kZl=w ka fØ;kfof/Ka O;lus"olDre~A
'kwja ÑrKa n`<lkSân×p y{eh% Lo;a ;kfr fuoklgsrks% AA5AA
(fo".kq'kekZ)
nh?kZi;
z klsu Ñra fg oLrq fues"kek=ks.k Hktsn~ fouk'ke~A
dr±q oqQykyL; rq o"kZeo
s Qa HksÙkqa fg n.ML; eqgrw eZ k=ke~ AA6AA
(lwfDreqDrkoyh)
vkjHksr fg dekZf.k JkUr% JkUr% iqu% iqu%A
dekZ.;kjHkek.ka fg iq#"ka JhfuZ"ksors AA7AA
(dL;fpr~)
,osQukfi lqi=q ks.k fo|k;qDrsu lk/qukA

vkÈkfnra oqQq ya lo± ;Fkk pUns.z k 'koZjh AA8AA
(pk.kD;uhfr%)
lwfDr&lkSjHke~ 45
xq.kh xq.ka osfÙk u osfÙk fuxq.Z k%

cyh cya osfÙk u osfÙk fucZy%A
fidks olUrL; xq.ka u ok;l%
djh p ¯lgL; cya u ew"kd% AA9AA
(pk.kD;uhfr%)
vth.ksZ Hks"kta okfj th.ksZ okfj cyizne~A

Hkkstus pke`ra okfj HkkstukUrs fo"kkige~ AA10AA
(oS|dh; lqHkkf"kr laxgz )
vusdla'k;ksPNsfn ijks{kkFkZL; n'kZde~A

loZL; ykspua 'kkL=ka ;L; ukLR;U/ ,o l% AA11AA
(fgrksins'k)
vYiK ,o iq#"k% izyiR;tÏa
ikf.MR;lEHk`refrLrq ferizHkk"khA
dakL;a ;Fkk fg oqQjQrs¿frrjka fuukna
r}r~ lqo.kZfeg uSo djksfr ukne~ AA12AA
(lwfDr%)
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
Lok;Ùke~ & Lok/huA
fo/k=kk & bZ'oj osQ }kjkA
Nknue~ & vkoj.kA
loZfonke~ & lo± osfÙk bfr rs"kke~] lc oqQN tkuus okyksa osQA
cq/k% & fo}ku~ yksxA
vkgq% & dgrs gSaA
txR;ke~ & lalkj esaA
46 HkkLorh
foeqP; & NksM+dj osQA

[kykuke~ & nq"Vksa dkA
fujh{krs & ns[krk gSA
osQfyoue~ & vkeksn&izeksn dk ouA
Øesyd% & Å¡VA
O;lus"kq & foifÙk;ksa esaA
vlDre~ & u yxk gqvkA
;kfr & tkrk gSA
iz;klsu & iz;Ru lsA
fues"k.kek=ks.k & {k.k ek=k lsA
oqQykyL; & oqQEHkdkj dkA
'koZjh & jkrA
osfÙk & tkurk gSA
djh & gkFkhA
Hks"kte~ & vkS"kf/A
okfj & tyA
izyifr & cdrk gSA
vtÏe~ & fujUrjA
lEHk`refr% & fuf'pr cqf¼ okykA
fuukne~ & vkoktA
lfU/foPNsn%
Lok;ÙkesdkUrxq.ke~ & Lok;Ùke~ $ ,dkUr $ xq.ke~
NknueKrk;k% & Nknue~ $ vKrk;k%
ekSueif.Mrkuke~ & ekSue~ $ vif.Mrkuke~
cq/kLrnkgqfoZ|korke~ & cq/k% $ rn~ $ vkgq% $ fo|korke~
lwfDr&lkSjHke~ 47
yHkUrs¿frrjke~ & yHkUrs $ vfrrjke~

lTturkeqiSfr & lTturke~ $ miSfr
lgÏSjfi & lgÏS% $ vfi
fueXuks¿fi & fueXu% $ vfi
eknZoeH;qiSfr & eknZoe~ $ vfHk $ mi $ ,fr
mRlkglEiUuenh?kZlw=ke~ & mRlkg $ lEiUue~ $ vnh?kZlw=ke~
O;lus"olDre~ & O;lus"kq $ vlDre~
n`<lkSân×p & n`<lkSâne~ $ p
dekZ.;kjHkek.ke~ & dekZf.k $ vkjHkek.ke~
,osQukfi & ,osQu $ vfi
vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mÙkjr&
(d) d% d.Vdtkye~ i';fr\
([k) 'koZjh osQu Hkkfr\
(x) d% xq.ka osfÙk\
(?k) vth.ksZ ¯d Hks"kte~ vfLr\
(Ä) loZL; ykspua fde~ vfLr\
(p) d% fujUrja izyifr\
(d) osQ"kka lekts vif.Mrkuka ekSua foHkw"k.ke~\
([k) osQ loZyksdL; nklk% lfUr\
(x) osQu oqQya foHkkfr\
(?k) ¯lg% osQu foHkkfr\
(Ä) HkkstukUrs fde~ fo"ke~\
48 HkkLorh

(d) fo/k=kk vKrk;k% Nknua fofufeZre~A
([k) fo|korka fo|k ,o :ie~ vfLrA
(x) y{eh% 'kwja izkIuksfrA
(?k) cyh cya osfÙkA
(Ä) 'kkL=ka ijks{kkFkZL; n'kZde~ vfLrA
(p) dkaL;e~ vfrrjka fuukna djksfrA
4- mfprinS% lg fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) ;s ------------ nklk% rs loZyksdL; ------------ (HkofUr)A ;s"kke~ vk'kk ------------ (Hkofr)
rs"kka ------------ nklk;rsA
([k) ,osQu vfi ------------ lk/quk lqiq=ks.k ------------ lo± vkÈkfnra ;Fkk ------------ 'koZjhA
(x) y{eh% mRlkg&lEiUue~ vnh?kZlw=ka ------------ O;lus"kq vlDra ------------ ÑrKa -----------
p fuoklgsrks% Lo;a ;kfrA
5- izÑfrizR;;foHkkxa oqQ#r&
'kCn% izR;;% foHkfDr%

;Fkk& :iorke~ :i erqi~ "k"Bh
(d) Ñre~ ------------ ------------ ------------
([k) izfo'; ------------ ------------ ------------
(x) foeqP; ------------ ------------ ------------
(?k) HksÙkqe~ ------------ ------------ ------------
(Ä) dÙkqZe~ ------------ ------------ ------------
6- i;kZ;okfpfHk% lg esyua oqQ#r&

;Fkk& Lok;Ùke~ Lok/hue~
(d) foeqP; {k.kek=ke~
([k) Øesyd% m"Vª%
lwfDr&lkSjHke~ 49
(x) ;kfr ifjR;T;

(?k) oqQykyL; jkf=k%
(Ä) 'koZjh tkukfr
(p) osfÙk oqQEHkdkjL;
(N) djh xt%
(t) vtlze~ fujUrje~
(>) izyifr dFk;fr
(×k) eqgwreZ k=ke~ xPNfr
7- foykseinS% lg ;kst;r&
;Fkk& Lok;Ùke~ if.Mrkuke~
(d) vKrk;k% lTtukuke~
([k) vif.Mrkuke~ ew[kkZ%
(x) cq/k% viekue~
(?k) ekue~ vk;kfr
(Ä) [kykuke~ vÑrKe~
(p) ;kfr fujk'kk;k%
(N) ÑrKe~ fo}Ùkk;k%
(t) vk'kk;k% vuklDre~
(>) vklDre~ vÑre~
(×k) Ñre~ vth.ksZ
(V) th.ksZ ijk/hue~
8- fo'ks"k.ka fo'ks";s.k lg ;kst;r

;Fkk& 'kwje~ iq#"ke~
(d) ,osQu oqQye~
([k) vYiK% lqiq=ks.k
50 HkkLorh
(x) loZe~ iq#"k%

(?k) ,de~ ;Ru%
(Ä) lqegku~ yksde~
9- d% osQu foHkkfr
(d) xq.kh pUnzs.k
([k) 'koZjh xq.ksu
(x) fo}ku~ cysu
(?k) ¯lg lqi=q ks.k
(Ä) oqQye~ fo|;k
10- vèkksfyf[krkfu inkfu mfpr:is.k la;ksT; okD;kfu jp;r&
fo/k=kk loZfonke~ vfLr
y{eh% vk'kk;k% Hkw"k.ke~ foHkkfr
ekSue~ d.Vdtkye~ ,o lfUr
'koZjh 'kwje~ lqiq=ks.k i';fr
xq.kh rq 'kksHkrs
yksdk%
Øesyd% fofufeZre~
oqQye~ Nknue~ nklk% Hkkfr

xq.ksu i';fr
lwfDr&lkSjHke~ 51
11- ikBL; fp=ka n`"V~ok mfprka iafDra fpRok fy[kr&

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;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
HkkofoLrkj%
1- olkfe fuR;a lqHkxs izxYHks
n{ks ujs deZf.k orZekus
vØks/us nsoijs ÑrKsA
ftrsfUnz;s fuR;eqnh.kZlÙosAA
2- ojesdks xq.kh iq=kks u p ew[kZ'krkU;fiA

,d'pUnzLreks gfUr u p rkjkx.kks¿fi pAA
3- lnk pjfr [ks Hkkuq% lnk ogfr ek#r%A

lnk /Ùks Hkqoa 'ks"k% lnk /hjks¿fodRFku%AA
4- :i;kSoulEiUuk fo'kkyoqQylEHkok%A
fo|kghuk u 'kksHkUrs fuxZU/k bo ¯d'kqdk%AA
lIre% ikB%
uSosQukfi lea xrk olqerh

izLrqr ikB cYyky lsu jfpr HkkstizcU/ osQ ^HkkstjktL; jkT;izkfIrizcU/* va’k dk lEikfnr
,oa laf{kIr :ikUrj.k gSA euq"; osQ eu esa tc yksHk Nk tkrk gS] rc og fdlh izdkj fu"Bqj
gksdj ?k‘f.kr ls ?k‘f.kr dk;Z djus ls ugha fgpfdpkrk ;g bl dFkkud }kjk izfrikfnr fd;k
x;k gSA bl ikB esa Hkkst osQ pkpk eq t] ckyd Hkkst dks ejokus dk "kM~;U=k cukrs gSa] ijUrq
Hkkst ml e‘R;qdky esa eq t osQ uke ,d lUns’k nsrs gSa] ftl esa ekUŁkkrk] jko.k vkfn dk
mnkgj.k iznf’kZr djrs gq, lalkj dh u’ojrk iznf’kZr dh xbZ gSA bl ’yksd dks i<+dj u
osQoy Hkkst dk o/ djus okys dk eu ifjofrZr gks x;k] vfirq eq t dks Hkh oSjkX; vk
x;k rFkk Hkrhts osQ o/ ls nq%[kh gksdj izk;f’p kLo:i vfXu esa izos’k djuk pkgrk gSA
ijUrq oRljkt rFkk cqf…lkxj dh ;kstuk ls Hkkst iqu% thfor ?kksf"kr dj fn;k tkrk gSA
ekUŁkkrk p eghifr% ;g ’yksd laL r lkfgR; dh vewY; fuf/ osQ :i esa izfl… gks
x;k gSA
iqjk /kjkjkT;s flU/qy&laKks jktk fpja iztk% i;Ziky;r~A rL; ok/ZD;s Hkkst bfr
iq=k% letfuA l% ;nk i pokf"kZdLrnk firk ÆkReuks tjka KkRok eq[;kekR;kukgw;kuqta
eq ta egkcyekyks D ; iq = ka p ckya la o h{; fopkj;kekl&;|ga
jkT;y{ehHkkj/kj.kleFk– lgksnjeigk; jkT;a iq=kk; iz;PNkfe] rnk yksdkiokn%A
vFk ok ckya es iq=ka eq tks jkT;yksHkkf}"kkfnuk ekjf;";fr rnk n kefi jkT;a
o‘FkkA iq=kgkfuo–’kksPNsn’p bfr fopk;Z jkT;a eq tk; n ok rnqRl˜~xs HkkstekRekua
eqekspA
rr% ekn~ jktfu fnoaxrs laikz IrjkT;&laif keZq tks eq[;kekR;a cqf…lkxjukekua
O;kikjeq n z ; k nw j h R; rRins ¿ U;a fu;kst ;keklA vFk dnkpu lHkk;ka
T;ksfr%&’kkL=kikjaxr% d’pu czkª.k% lekxE; jktkue~ vkg & nso! yksdk% eka
uSosQukfi lea xrk olqerh 53
loZKa dFk;fUrA rfRdefi ;FksPNa i‘PNA

rrks eq t% izkg&HkkstL; tUeif=kdka fo/sfg bfrA foiz% tUeif=kdka fo/k;
mDroku~&
i pk’kRi po"kkZf.k lIreklfnu=k;e~A
Hkkstjktsu HkksDrO;% lxkSMks nf{k.kkiFk%AA
Hkkstfo"kf;.khe~ beka Hkfo";ok.kha fu’kE; eq tks foPNk;onuks¿HkwrA~ rrks jktk
czkª.ka lai"sz ; fu’khFks ’k;ueklk| O;fpUr;r~&;fn jkty{ehHkkst Z oqQekja xfe";fr]
rnkga tho´fi e‘r%A rr’p vHkqDr ,o l% ,dkdh fdefi fpUrf;Rok
cñ ı ’s kkŁkh’oja oRljkta lekdkfjroku~A oRljkt’p /kjkuxjha lEizkI; jktkua
izf.kiR;ksifo""V%A jktk p lkSŁka futZua fo/k; oRljkta izkg&Ro;k Hkkstks
Hkqous’ojh&fofius jk=kkS gUrO;%] fNUua p rL; f’kj% eRik’osZ vUr%iqje~ vkusrO;e~A
,rfUu’kE; oRljkt% mRFkk; u‘ia uRok izkokspr~& ;|fi nsokns’k% izek.ke~] iqujfi
fldfpn~ oDrqdkeks¿fLe] lkijk/efi es op% {kUrO;e~A nso! iq=ko/ks u dnkfi
fgrk; HkorhfrA
oRljktL; bna opuekd.;Z oqQfirks jktk izkg&Roa ee lsodks¿fl] e;k
;RdF;rs Ro;k rn~ fo/s;e~A iqu% oRljkt% jktkKk ikyuh;Sofs r eRok rw".kha
cHkwoA vuUrje~ vfuPNUufi oRljkt% Hkksta jFks fuos’; jk=kkS oua uhroku~A r=k
vkReuks oŁk;kstuka KkRok Hkkst% fdefi oRljkta dfFkroku~A rn~opuS% oSjkX;ekiUuks
oRljkt% ra u groku~] vfirq x‘gekxR; Hkksta x‘gkH;Urjs HkwekS fuf{kI; jj{kA
iqu% f=ke:is.k HkkstL; eLroaQ dkjf;Rok jktHkoua xRok oRljktks jktkua
izkg&Jherk ;nkfn"Va rRlkfŁkrfefrA rrks jktk Hkksto/a KkRok ra i‘"Voku~&oRljkt!
[kM~xizgkjle;s rsu fdeqDre~\
54 HkkLorh
oRljktsu p jkKs HkkstL; vfUrelUns’k:is.k rRizn k% ’yksd% lefiZr%&
ekU/krk p eghifr% r;qxky˜ kjHkwrks xr%

lsr;
q uZs egksnŁkkS fojfpr% DoklkS n’kkL;kUrd%AA
vU;s okfi ;qfŁkf"BjizHk‘r;ks ;krk fnoa Hkwirs!
uSosQukfi lea xrk olqerh uwua Ro;k ;kL;frAA
’yksdfeee~ v/hR; ’kksdlUrIrks eq t% izk;f’p ka drq– vkReuks og~ukS izo’s kua
fuf’proku~A jkK% of izo’s kdk;Z ea JqRok oRljkt% cqf…lkxja uRok ’kuS%&’kuS%
izkg&rkr! e;k Hkkstjktks jf{kr ,okfLrA iqu% cqf…lkxjs.k rL; d.ksZ fdefi
dfFkre~] ;fUu’kE; oRljkt% rrks fu" kUr%A iqu% jkKks of izo’s kdkys d’pu
dkikfyd% lHkka lekxr%A lHkkekxra dkikfyoaQ n.Mor~ iz.kE; eq t% izkokspn~&gs
;ksxhUnz! egkikfiuks e;k grL; iq=kL; izk.knkusu eka j{ksfrA vFk dkikfydLra
izkokspn~&jktu~! ek HkS"kh%A f’koizlknsu l thforks Hkfo";frA rnk ’e’kkuHkwekS
dkikfydL; ;kstukuqlkja Hkkst% r=k lekuhr%A ^;ksfxuk Hkkstks thfor%* bfr dFkk
yksoQs "kq izlr‘ kA iqu% xtsUnzk:<ks Hkkstks jktHkouexkr~A lar"q Vks jktk eq t% Hkksta
futfllgklus fuos’; futi^jkKhfHk’p lg riksouHkwfle xRok ija riLrsiAs Hkkst’pkfi
fpja iztk% ikfyroku~A
’kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;’p
letfu & mRiUu gqvkA
tjke~ & cq<+kis dksA
laoh{; & ns[k djosQA
vigk; & NksM+ djosQA
o‘Fkk & O;FkZA
mPNsn% & uk’kA
mRl˜~xs & xksn esaA
fnoaxrs & e‘R;q dks izkIr djus ijA
laizs"; & Hkst djosQA
foPNk;onu% & dkfUrghu eq[kokykA
fu’khFks & jkr esAa
izf.kiR; & ueLdkj djosQA
lkS/e~ & egyA
fofius & ou esaA
eRik’osZ & esjs iklA
fo/s;e~ & djuk pkfg,A
lkf/re~ & fd;kA
r;qxkyadkjHkwr% & lR;;qx osQ vkHkw"k.k Lo:iA
v/hR; & i<+dj osQA
;krk% & pys x, gaSA
fnoe~ & LoxZ dksA
fu’kE; & lqudjA
ek HkS"kh% & er MjksA
izl‘rk & iSQyh gqbZA
vk:<% & p<+k gqvkA
n’kkL;kUrd% & n’kkL;L; jko.kL; vUrd% uk’kd% jko.k
56 HkkLorh
dk uk’k djus okykA
lfU/foPNsn%
i pokf"kZdLrnk & i pokf"kZd% $ rnk
ÆkReuks & fg $ vkReu%
eq[;kekR;kukgw;kuqte~ & eq[; $ vekR;ku~ $ vkgw; $ vuqte~
iq=kgkfuoZa’kksPNsn’p & iq=kgkfu% $ oa’k $ mPNsn% $ p
rnqRl˜sı & rr~ $ mRl˜~xs
rRins¿U;e~ & rr~ins $ vU;e~
foPNk;onuks¿Hkwr~ & foPNk;onu% $ vHkwr~
jkty{ehHkksZtoqQekje~ & jkty{eh% $ HkkstoqQekje~
rnkge~ & rnk $ vge~
thoUufi & thou~ $ vfi
izf.kiR;ksifo"V% & izf.kiR; $ mifo"V%
,rfUu’kE; & ,rr~ $ fu’kE;
ikyuh;Sosfr & ikyuh;k $ ,o
lsrq ;sZu & lsrq% $ ;su
n’kkL;kUrd% & n’k $ vkL; $ vUrd%
uSosQukfi & u $ ,osQu $ vfi
;fUu’kE; & ;r~ $ fu’kE;
j{ksfr & j{k $ bfr
,okfLr & ,o $ vfLr
jktHkouexkr~ & jktHkoue~ $ vxkr~
riLrsis & ri% $ rsis
Hkkst’pkfi & Hkkst% $ p $ vfi
vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu m kjr&
(d) /kjkjkT;s dks jktk iztk% i;Ziky;r~\
([k) flU/qy% dLeS jkT;e~ v;PNr~\
(x) flU/qy% dL; mRl˜~xs Hkksta eqeksp\
(?k) eq t% oaQ eq[;kekR;a nwjh roku~\
(˜) d% foPNk;onu% vHkwr~\
(p) eq t% oaQ lekdkfjroku~\
(N) oRljkt% Hkksta jFks fuos’; oqQ=k uhroku~\
(t) r;qxkyadkjHkwr% d vklhr~\
(>) egksn/kS lsrq% osQu jfpr%\
( k) d% o kS izos’ka fuf’proku~\
2- iw.kZokD;su m kjr&
(d) Hkkst% dL; iq=k% vklhr~\
([k) flU/qy% fld fopkj;kekl\
(x) lHkk;ka dhn‘’k% czkª.k% vkxroku~\
(?k) d% HkkstL; tUeif=kdka fufeZroku~\
(˜) eq t% fde~ vfpUr;r~\
(p) oRljkt% Hkksta oqQ=k uhroku~\
(N) oRljkt% de~ vuer~\
(t) eq t% dkifyoaQ fde~ mDroku~\
3- js[kkf˜rinkfu vk/‘R; iz’ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) flU/qyL; Hkkst% iq=k% vHkor~A
58 HkkLorh
([k) flU/qy% jkT;a eq tk; v;PNr~A

(x) ,dnk ,d% czkª.k% lHkk;ke~ vkxPNr~A
(?k) eq t% HkkstL; tUeif=kdka vn’kZ;r~A
(˜) oRljkt% Hkksta x‘gkH;Urjs jj{kA
(p) eq t% og~ukS izos’ka fuf’proku~A
(N) eq t% lHkkekxra dkikfyoaQ n.Mor~ izk.ker~A
(t) Hkkst% fpja iztk% ikfyroku~A
4- iz frizR;;foHkkxa oqQ#r&
;Fkk & KkROkk milxZ% /krq% izR;;%
Kk & Kk DRok
(d) vkyksD;
([k) laoh{;
(x) vigk;
(?k) n ke~
(˜) fopk;Z
(p) nwjh R;
(N) lekxE;
(t) fo/k;
(>) HkksDrO;
( k) lEiz"s ;
5- iz fr&izR;;a fu;qT; ’kCna fy[kr&

;Fkk & vk $ lhn~ $ Y;i~ vklk|
(d) tho~ $ ’kr‘
([k) e‘ $ Dr
(x) fpUr~ $ DRok
(?k) gu~ $ rO;r~

(˜) vk $ uh $ rO;r~
(p) fu $ ’ke~ $ Y;i~
(N) ue~ $ DRok
(t) vk $ d.kZ~ $ Y;i~
(>) fu $ f{ki~ $ Y;i~
( k) eu~ $ DRok
(V) Kk $ DRok
(B) uh $ Drorq
(M) vk $ in~ $ Dr
(<) gu~ $ Drorq
(.k) vk $ fn’k~ $ Dr
6- mfpr vFkkS%Z lg esyua oqQ#r&

;Fkk& olqerh & i‘Foh
(d) fu’khFks & xfe";fr
([k) izf.kiR; & leqnzs
(x) fu’kE; & jk=kkS
(?k) ik’osZ & iz.kE;
(˜) fofius & JqRok
(p) n’kkL;kUrd% & lehis
(N) fnoe~ & ous
(t) v/hR; & jke%
(>) egksn/kS & LoxZe~
( k) ;kL;fr & ifBRok
60 HkkLorh
7- e tw"kk;ka izn kS% vO;;’kCnS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
rq ,o rnk fdeFkZe~ iqjk fpje~
-------------- flU/qy% uke jktk vklhr~A l% -------------- iztk% i;Ziky;r~A o‘…koLFkk;ka rL;
,d% iq=k% vHkor~A -------------- l% vfpUr;r~ -------------- u Loiq=ka Hkzkrq% eq tL; mRl˜ıs
leiZ;kfeA flU/qy% iq=ka eq tL; mRl˜~xs leI;Z -------------- ijyksde~ vxPNr~A flU/qys
fnoaxrs eq tL; eufl yksHk% leqRiUu%A yksHkkfo"V% l% -------------- eq tL; fouk’kkFk–
mik;a fpfUrroku~A
8- mnkgj.kkuqlkja fy[kr&
(d) ;Fkk & i;Ziky;r~
milxZ% /krq% ydkj% iq#"k% opue~
ifj iky~ y˜~ izFke iq#"k ,dopu
(1) iz;PNkfe
(2) O;fpUr;r~
(3) ;kL;fr
(4) ekjf;";fr
(5) dFk;fUr
(6) Hkofr
(7) vfl
([k) ;Fkk & vkReu% ’kCn fy˜ı foHkfDr opue~

vkReu~ iqa- "k"Bh cgqopue
(1) iq=kk;
(2) yksdk%
(3) op%
(4) HkwekS
(5) Jherk
(6) egksn/kS
(7) og~ukS
9- fo’ks"k.ka fo’ks";s.k lg ;kst;r&

;Fkk & egkcye~ eq te~
(d) ckye~ jkT;e~
([k) n ke~ iq=ke~
(x) fnoaxrs Hkfo";ok.khe~
(?k) T;ksfr%’kkL=kikjaxr% jktfu
(˜) beke~ oRljkte~
(p) cñı s’kk/h’oje~ czkª.k%
(N) lUrIr% oRljkte~
62 HkkLorh
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuke~ vkHkk.kdkuka lekukFkZdkfu okD;kfu ikBs vUos"VO;kfu

1- psgjk iQhdk iM+ x;k 2- tSlh vkidh vkKk 3- yksxksa esa ckr iSQy xbZ
2- ikSjkf.kdijEijk;ka pRokj% ;qxk% erk%A rs ;Fkk&
r;qx% (lR;;qx%)
=ksrk;qx%
}kij ;qx%
dfy;qx%
3- ekU/krk lw;oZ ’a kL; izrkih jktk vHkor~A rsu iztk;k% ikyua lE;o~Qr;k re~A l% Lo;qxL;
vy˜kjHkwr% u‘i vklhr~A
v"Ve% ikB%
gYnh?kkVh
HkkjrHkwfe 'krkfCn;ksa rd ijk/hu jgh] fons'kh vkØkUrkvksa osQ }kjk neu fd;s tkus ij Hkh
Hkkjrh;ksa dh LorU=krk izkfIr dh bPNk lnSo cyorh jghA egkjk.kk izrki eqxy 'kkldksa ds
lkFk vkthou la?k"kZ djrs jgs rFkk vR;f/d lk/u&lEiUu u gksus ij Hkh fo'kky eqxy
lkezkT; ls yksgk ysrs jgsA jktLFkku esa gYnh?kkVh uked LFkku ij fo'kky eqxy lsuk dks
eqV~Bh Hkj egkjk.kk izrki ds lSfudksa us ukdksa pus pcok,& ;g rF; bfrgkl ls ifjiq"V gSA
gYnh?kkVh dh yM+kbZ dks vk/kj cuk dj ys[kdksa us vusd jpuk,¡ izLrqr dj mu 'kghnksa dks
J¼k×tfy nhA izrkifot; uked bl [k.MdkO; esa ys[kd JhbZ'knÙk'kkL=kh gYnh?kkVh osQ
izR;sd d.k dks ml la?k"kZ dk lk{kh ekurs gq, lqUnj euksje 'yksdksa esa bl ,sfrgkfld
dFkkud dks mifuc¼ djrs gSaA ;g ikB fuf'pr gh vkt ds ;qodksa dks izsj.kk nsxk rFkk
muesa LokfHkeku dh Hkkouk HkjsxkA
64 HkkLorh
Lok/hurk¿¿;ZHkqfo ewfrZerh lekuk

jk.kkizrki&cyoh;ZfoHkklekukA
vkVhdrs leqiek ufg ;ka lq'kksfp%
'kkVho lk t;fr dkpu gfYn?kkVh AA1AA
izkph ;nk glfr gs fiz;! eUneUna
ok;q;nZ k ogfr uUnuta ejUne~A
;k izR;ga fdy rnk efrekuuh;ka
'kksHkka n/kR;q"kfl dk×pudk×puh;ke~ AA2AA
ek dkrjk%! Li`'kr eka fiz;&ikjrU=;k%!
v|kfi ;Uu fofgrk tuuh LorU=kkA
;=ksneso xnrho rfrLr:.kka
'kk[kkdnEc&Ñr&eeZjekruksfr AA3AA
ohjkxz.khjHk;&;q¼dykdyki%
Dok¿Lrs¿| gk! l ru;% lu;% izrkihA
v=kR;&futZuous¿Fk ;nk dnkfpn~
ekrso jksfnfr l[ks! oqQjjh uq dkfpr~ AA4AA
iq"ia iQya rnuq xU/og% lehj%
[k|ksr&iafDrjeyk p fidkfy&xhfr%A
v|kfi ;=k ljy&izÑfr&iz.khra
i×pksipkjfeo iwtuefLr ekrq% AA5AA
gYnh?kkVh 65
uhysu i{k&fuogsu [kekglUr%

p×p~ok iQykfu foeykfu le×p;Ur%A
^Jhjke* uke e/qja e/qja Do.kUr%
v|kfi ;=k lq'kqdk foylfUr lUr% AA6AA
v=k izrki&uìrs% izdV&izrkik
,dk¿fi gUr! 'kr/k¿HkonÏ&/kjkA
;q¼¿s f/dks'kefi 'k=kqo/s Øes.k
T;ksRLuk re% &lgpjh piysfr fp=ke~ AA7AA
lS"kk LFkyh pfdr&psrdpÄ~Øek.kka
lS"kk LFkyh oqQfVyoqQUrijkØek.kke~A
lS"kk LFkyh fiz;rek¿I;lqrks¿ejk.kka
lS"kk LFkyh Hk;djh uj&ikejk.kke~ AA8AA
oh{; izHkk gflr&pkjQ&iqjUnjk.kka
lÄaõ l u`R;eeya f'kf[klqUnjk.kke~
lEHkklrs ojHkqo% lq"kekR;qnkj%
g"kkZfÄïrks gfjrghjd&d.Bgkj% AA9AA
66 HkkLorh
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
vk;ZHkqfo & vk;kZ.kka Hkw% vk;ZHkw% rL;ka] vk;ZHkwfe] vk;kZorZA
ewfrZerh & ewfrZ $ erqi~ L=kh- iz- ,- o-] lk{kkr~] lkdkjA
oyoh;Z&foHkklekuk & oysu oh;sZ.k p foHkklekuk] 'kfDr&ijkØe&'kksHkekuk] 'kfDr
vkSj ijkØe ls pedrh gqbAZ
vkVhdrs & vk $ Vhd~] yV~] iz-iq-,-o-] orZrs] fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA
leqieka & lekuh miek ;L;k% lk rke~] ftlds leku miek fdlh dh
gksA
lq'kksfp% & nsnhI;eku] pednkjA
'kkVh & lkM+hA
dkpu & dksbZ (vO;;)A
izkph & iwoZ fn'kkA
uUnuta & uUnus tk;rs bfr rr~] uUnu ou esa gksus okykA
ejUne~ & iq"ijle~ & ijkxA
izR;ga & vgfu vgfu vO;;hHkko lekl] izfrfnuA
fdy & (vO;;) fu'p; lsA
m"kfl & m"kl~] lIreh ,-o- izkr%dkyA
efrekuuh;ka & eR;k ekuuh;ka r`- rRiq- cqf¼lEerka] fo}kuksa ls lEekfurA
dk×pu&dk×puh;ke~ & dk×pue~ bo deuh;ke~] Lof.kZe~ lksus dh rjg pedus okyhA
dkrjk% & Hkhrk% Mjiksd] dk;jA
fiz;&ikjrU=;k% & fiz;e~ ikjrU=;e~ ;s"kka rs ijk/hurkfiz;k%] ijk/hurk esa #fp
j[kus okysA
fofgrk & fo $ /k $ Dr] Ñrk] dh xbZA
xnrho & xnfr $ bo] dFk;fr] cksy jgh gSA
rfr% & lewg%] iafDrA
gYnh?kkVh 67
eeZje~ & 'kq"di=k&èofu%] lw[ks iÙkksa dh vkoktA

vkruksfr & foLrkj;fr] iQSykrh gSA
ohjkxz.kh% & ohjs"kq vxz.kh%] ohjksa esa Js"BA
;q¼dyki% & ;q¼L; dyk;ka dyki%] ;q¼dyk esa fuiq.kA
Do & dq=k] dgk¡A
vkLrs & vfLr] gSA
ru;% & iq=k%] iq=kA
lu;% & u;su lfgr% lu;%] uhfrKA
v=kR; & ;gk¡ dsA
dqjjh & ØkS×p i{khA
xU/og% & xU/e~ ogfr] miin rRiq-] ok;qA
[k|ksr & tqxuwA
veyk & 'kq¼k] 'kq¼A
fidkfy & fidkuka vkfy%] "k- rRiq-] dksfdy&iafDr%] dks;y dh iafDrA
i×pksipkjfeo & i×pkuka mipkjk.kka lewg%] f}xq l-A
mipkj% & lRdkjfof/%] lRdkj lkexzhA
i{kfuogsu & i{kk.kka fuogsu] "k- rRiq-] ia[kksa dk lewgA
[ke~ & vkdk'ke~] vkdk'k dksA
vkglUr% & bZ"kr~ glUr%] frjLÑr djrs gq,A
le×p;Ur% & le~ $ v×p~ $ f.kp~ $ 'kr`] 'kksHk;Ur%] pedkrs gq,A
Do.kUr% & Do.k~ $ 'kr`] iq- iz- c- o-] 'kCna dqoZUr%] 'kCn djrs gq,A
lq'kqdk% & lqUnjk% dhjk%] lqUnj rksrsA
foylfUr & 'kksHkUrs] lq'kksfHkr gksrs gSaA
'kr/k vL=k/kjk & lkS izdkj dh vk¡lqvksa dh /kjkA
vf/dks'kefi & dks'ks bfr] dks'k (E;ku) esaA
T;ksRLuk & pfUnzdk] pk¡nuhA
68 HkkLorh
lgpjh & ;qxin~ vuqxkfeuh] lkFk pyus okyhA

piysfr & piyk bfr] fctyhA
pÄ~Øek.kke~ & xfr] ?kksM+s dh VkiA
dqUr% & HkkykA
fp=ke~ & fofp=ke~] vk'p;Z dh ckrA
oqQfVye~ & oØe~ ] Vs<+kA
vlqr% & vlqH;% bfr vlqr%] vlq $ rfly~] izk.kksa ls c<+djA
vejk.kka & nsokuke~] nsorkvksa dkA
ikejk.kke~ & uhpkuka] uhpksa dkA
oh{; & fo $ bZ{k~ $ DRok > Y;i~] n`"V~ok] ns[kdjA
iqjUnjk.kka & bUnzk.kka] Js"BA
gflre~ & migflre~] migkl djukA
u`R;eeye~ & u`R;e~ $ veye~] ifo=k ukpA
lEHkklrs & lE;d~ Hkklrs] pedrh gSA
ojHkqo% & ojk Hkw% ojHkw% rL;k%] Js"B HkwfedkA
lq"kek¿R;qnkj% & lq"ke;k vR;qnkj% bfr lq"kekR;qnkj%A
gfjrghjde~ & gfjra ghjde~] deZ/kj;] gjk ghjkA
vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mÙkja nnr &

(d) vk;ZHkqfo 'kkVhr% dk fojktrs\
([k) m"kfl gYnh?kkVh dhn`'kha 'kksHkka n/kfr\
(x) lu;% ru;% d% vfLr\
(?k) ds uhysu i{ks.k [ke~ vkglfUr\
(Ä) ojHkqo% lq"kek dFka lEHkklrs\
gYnh?kkVh 69
(p) re% lgpjh dk dfFkrk\

(N) izrkiuìrs% vlz/kjk dfr/k vHkor~\
(d) ewfÙkZerh gYnh?kkVh dFke~ vkVhdrs\
([k) dnk gYnh?kkVh efrekuuh;ka 'kksHkka n/kfr\
(x) fidkfyxhfr% fdfeo ekrq% iwtua djksfr\
(?k) dFka Do.kUr% lq'kqdk% foylfUr\
(Ä) gYnh?kkVh ds"kka LFkyh vfLr\
(p) ojHkqo% vR;qnkjk lq"kek dhn`'kh Hkklrs\
(N) izÑfr% ds"kka i×pinkFkkZukeqipkjs.k iwtua djksfr\
3- v/ksfyf[krokD;s"kq js[kkfÄïrinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka dq#r&

(d) ewfrZerh gYnh?kkVh t;frA
([k) ;k m"kfl 'kksHkka n/kfrA
(x) r:.kka rfr% dnEcÑreeZje~ vkruksfr
(?k) futZuous oqQjjh ekrso jksfnfrA
(Ä) ekrq% i×pksipkja iwtua djksfrA
(p) vÏ/kjk 'kr/k vHkor~A
(N) vlqr% vfi fiz;rek LFkyhA
4- v/ksfyf[krins"kq lfU/a lfU/PNsna ok dq#r&

(d) Lok/hurk;ZHkqfo
([k) n/kfr $ m"kfl
(x) rfrLr:.kke~
(?k) futuZous $ vFk
(Ä) lq'kqdk foylfUr
(p) rnuq
70 HkkLorh
5- v/ksfyf[krins"kq izÑfra izR;;a p i`Fkd~ dq#r&

(d) rfr%
([k) Hkklekuk
(x) fofgrk
(?k) izrkih
(Ä) glUr%
(p) f'k[kh
(N) iz.khre~
6- v/% iznÙka 'yksda e×tw"kkiznÙkinS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwjf;Rok iqu% fy[kr&
izkph ;nk glfr gs fiz; ------------------------------------
ok;q;Znk ------------------------------ uUnuta------------------------------A
;k ----------------------------------- fdy rnk efrekuuh;ka
-------------------------n/kR;q"kfl --------------------------dk×puh;ke~AA
e×tw"kk
izR;ge~] eUneUna] ejUna] ogfr] 'kksHkka] dk×puA

gYnh?kkVh 71
7- fo'ks"k.kkfu fo'ks";kf.k p ;kstf;Rok iqu% fy[kr&

fo'ks"k.kkfu fo'ks";kf.k
(d) lq'kksfp% ru;%

([k) ikjrU=;k% lq'kqdk%
(x) izrkih 'kkVh
(?k) Do.kUr% vlz/kjk
(Ä) 'kr/k dkrjk%
(p) uhysu [k|ksriafDr%
(N) veyk i{kfuogsu
8- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka O;kdj.kkuqlkja inifjp;% nh;rke~&

Lok/hurk] ekuuh;k] lUr%] re%] lEHkklrs] LFkyh] ekrk
9- gYnh?kkVh;q¼L; ,sfrgkfld% ifjp;% fgUnh@vkaXy@laLÑrHkk"k;k ns;%A
10- egkjk.kkizrkiL; LokrU=;la†"k± fgUnh@vkaXy@laLÑrHkk"k;k o.kZ;rA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
lkfgR;s lekt izfrfcfEcr% HkofrA dfo% Loifjos'ksu ,okIykforks HkofrA dkO;deZ drqZa dfo%
dYiukekJ;sr] ,sfrgkflda ok o`Ùka ifjoR;Z fp=k;frA Hkkjra ijk/hurk;k% ekspf;rqa le;s le;s uSds
ohjk% Loizk.kksRlxZa fofgroUr%A ,rkn`'ks"kq egkHkVs"kq jk.kklkaxk] egkjk.kkizrki%] y{ehckbZ] rkR;kVksis]
bR;kn;ks¿xzx.;k% lfUrA cgq/k le;s le;s¿usds dkO;drkZj% ,rkn`'kka lsukuhuka dFkk% vkfJR;
dkO;fo/k% iz.khroUr%A laLÑrokÄ~e;s fo|rs ,rf}/kuka jpukuka egrh ijEijkA ;L;ka f'kojktfot;e~]
Hkkjrfot;e~ bR;kn;% izeq[kk% lfUrA ,rs"kq LorU=krk;k izsIlk] gqrkReohjku~ izfr p J¼k llEekua
iznf'kZrkA
uoe% ikB%
enkylk
izLrqr ikB tEewfo'ofo|ky; ls vodk'k izkIr vkpk;kZ osnoqQekjh ?kbZ }kjk jfpr îqjU/zhi×pde~*
uked :idlaxgz ls ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA îqjU/zhi×pde~* vk/qfudukV~;ijEijk esa ,d
lkef;d fo"k;ksa ls lEcfU/r jkspd ,oa f'k{kkizn :idksa dk laxgz gSA izLrqr ikB esa îqjUèkzhi×pde~*
osQ r`rh;&:id ênkylk* osQ oqQN va'kks dk ladyu fd;k x;k gS ftlesa jktoqQekj ½rèot
rFkk enkylk osQ laokn osQ ekè;e ls jktoqQekjh enkylk osQ LokfHkeku ,oa ukjh vfLerk dk
,d u, ifjizs{; esa lqUnj fp=k.k fd;k x;k gSA
enkylk 73
(rr% izfo'kfr izÑfrlkSUn;Zeoyksd;u~ egkjktL; 'k=kqftr% iq=k% Írèot%)

½rèot% & vgks 'kksHkua xU/oZjktfo'okolks% jktks|kue~A vkezeTjh.kka ijka
'kksHkka n`"V~ok dksfdykuka p e/qjopkafl JqRok dL; ;wuks ân;a
lglk mRdf.Bra u Hkfo";fr\
okeik'osZ je.khukekyki bo Jw;rsA v=kSo fLFkRok Jks";kfeA
oqQ.Myk & lf[k enkyls! Roa rq osQoya fo|kè;;us ,o jrk fd;Ura dkya
;kor~ czãp;Zorz a /kjf;";fl\
enkylk & Kkuksnf/Lrq vuUrikjks xHkhj'pA e;k lkxjrVs fLFkRok dfri;fcUno
,o izkIrk v|kof/A
oqQ.Myk & fou;'khys ! fo|k nnkfr fou;e~ vr ,o ,oa Hk.kflA
oqQyxq#&rqEc#egkHkkxSLrq xUèkoZjktk; vU;nso lwfpre~A
enkylk & ¯d Jqra Ro;k ;n~ xq#o;S%Z eke~ vf/ÑR; fi=ks dfFkre~\
oqQ.Myk & vFk fde~A jktoqQekjh enkylk loZfo|kfu".kkrk tkrk ija r;k
Lo;a oj% u izkIr% vr% rL;S ;ksX;ojL; vUos"k.ka dk;Ze~ bR;klhn~
xq#iknkuka ere~A
enkylk & (gflRok) ufg tkufUr rs ;nga rq fookgcU/ua Lohdrq± u bPNkfeA
oqQ.Myk & ¯d dfj";fl rnkA
enkylk & czãokfnuh Hkfo";kfeA vkpk;sfZ rina izkI; f'k";sH;% thoudyka
f'k{kf;";kfeA
oqQ.Myk & tkus rs ¿ fHk#fpe~ vè;;us vè;kius pA ija ;Fkk yrs ; a
lgdkjeoyEcrs rFkSo ukjh thou;k=kk;ka defi lgpje~ vis{krs
;% rL;k% voyEcua L;kr~A
enkylk & ukfLr eRÑrs vko';drk voyEcuL;A Lo;a leFkkZ thouiFks
pfyrqega u dL;kfi lVr%S ufrZraq ikj;kfeA
oqQ.Myk & ufrZ";fl rnk ,dkfduh ,oA
74 HkkLorh
enkylk & (fogL;) ;fn Roa 'kh?kzeso ifrx`ga xfe";fl rnk ,dkfduh
Hkfo";kfe ija ,d% mik;% vfi fpfUrr% e;kA
oqQ.Myk & d% mik;\
enkylk & lÄõhrlkfgR;ekè;esu czãfo|ka ljlka fo/k; cgqH;% f'k'kqH;%
f'k{k.ka iznkL;kfeA
oqQ.Myk & x`gLFkkJea izfo'; Lof'k'kwuka pfj=kfuekZ.ka ekrqj/hue~A r=k dk
fopkj.kk\
enkylk & ;Fkkga i';kfe iq#"k% Hkk;kZ;ka Lokf/iR;a LFkki;frA nzkiS nha Loh;ka
lEifÙka eU;eku% ;qf/f"Bj% rka |wrs gkfjroku~ ;Fkk lk futhZoa
oLrq vklhr~A
oqQ.Myk & futhZoa rq uklhr~ ija ;qf/f"BjL; ,"kk ,o fpUruljf.k% vklhr~
bfr izrh;rsA
enkylk & gfj'pUnz% LoiRuha 'kSO;ka] iq=ka jksfgra p tulÄysïq vki.ks foØhr
oku~A ukfLr es euksjFk% bZn'` ka iRuhineÄõhdrZeq A~
oqQ.Myk & dVqlR;a [kYosrr~A ija lf[k! vfLeu~ lalkjs fofHkUuizÑfrdk% iq#"kk
olfUrA LoizÑR;uqoQw y% oj% vfi izkI;rsA ROak rq uouoksUes"k'kkfyU;k
izfrHk;k fofgrS% uwruS% iz;ksxS% vLeku~ lokZu~ foLeki;flA
x`gLFkkJeks¿fi ,dk iz;ksx'kkyk ;L;ka Roa LoKkufoKku;ks% iz;ksxa
drq± 'k{;flA
enkylk & oqQ.Mys! nqyHZ kks tu% bZn'` k% ;% x`gLFkiz;ksx'kkyk;ka LoiRU;S LorU=krka
n|kr~A
½rèot% & (Loxre~) voljks¿;ekRekua izdk'kf;rqeA~ (izdk'ke~) mifLFkrks¿ga
'k=kqftr% iq=k% ½rèot% vkKk psr~ vgefi vL;ka ifjppkZ;ka
lfEefyrks Hkos;e~A
oqQ.Myk & Lokxre~ vfrFk;sA vfi Jqrk% Hkofn~Hk% ee l[khfopkjk%\
enkylk 75
½rèot% & vke~! vr ,o iz"VqeRq lgs ¯d xU/oZjktfo'okolqegkHkkxk% vfi

LoiRuha ;qf/f"Bj bo gkfjroUr% gfj'pUnz bo foØhroUr%\
oqQ.Myk & enkyls rw".kha fdeFk± fr"Bfl\ nsfg izR;qÙkje~A
½rèot% & ,dL; vijk/su lokZ tkfr% n.M~;k bfr fofp=kks U;k;% ro l[;k%A
enkylk & v=kHkoUr% ukjhLok/hurkef/ÑR; ¯d dFk;fUr\
½rèot% & ekrk ,o izFkek vkpk;kZ bR;fLr es vo/kj.kkA ukjh ,o leLrl`"Vs%
fuekZ=khA ija dFkusu fde~\ ijh{; ,o KkL;fr v=kHkorhA ijh{kk&
FkZe|q rks¿fLe x`gLFkkJeiz;ksx'kkyk;ke~A
enkylk & LohÑr% izLrko%A
oqQ.Myk & fn"V~;k o/sFZ kka ;qoke~A fe=koj] xU/oZdU;k enkylk xkU/oZfookg&
fof/uk o`.kksfr v=kHkoUre~A vkdkj;s vga oqQyxq#a rqEcq#e~A vlkS
vfXua lk{khÑR; vk'khoZpkafl o{;frA
½rèot% & izFkea rq l[khopua Jks";ko%A rnuq Lo;eso oqQyxq#a firjkS p
lHkktf;rqa xfe";ko%A
oqQ.Myk & ijLijizhfrerks% Hkorks% mins'kL; ukfLr dks¿fi vodk'k% rnkfi
l[khLusg% eka Hkk"k;fr&Hk=kkZ lnSo Hkk;kZ HkrZO;k jf{krO;k pA ;rks
fg /ekZFkZdkelafl¼;s ;Fkk Hkk;kZ HkrZ%q lgkf;uh Hkofr rFkk u
dks¿fi vU;%A ijLijeuqorz kS ifriRU;kS f=kox± lk/;r%A ifr% ;fn
izHkwra /ue~ vtZf;Rok x`geku;fr rr~ [kyq iRU;Hkkos oqQik=ks"kq nh;ekua
{k;esfrA
½rèot% & y{E;k% j{kkFk± iRU;k% lg;ksx% vfuok;Z%A
enkylk & oqQ.Mys! y{ehiwtk;ka u es izof` Ùk%A ;fn y{eh% iwT;k fiz;k p
vfrfFko;ZL;] rnk bnkuheso es ueLdkj%A
½rèot% & LokfHkekfufu fiz;!s le{ka rs dFka dkfi liRuh LFkkrqa 'kDuksfr\
y{ehLrq ro nklh Hkfo";fr uSo liRuhA en~xkgZLF;a rq Ron/hua
Hkfo";frA vkRekua HkkfolUrfra p KkufoKkukuqlU/k=;k gLrs
leiZf;rqehgsA vkxE;rke~ xq#H;% fir`H;ka p lekpkja Jko;ko%A
76 HkkLorh
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
jktks|kue~ & jktk $ m|kue~] jkK% mioue~] jktk dk m|kuA
vkezeTjh.kke~ & vkezL; eTjh.kke~ "k- rRiq-] vke dh ckSjksa dkA
e/qjopakfl & e/qjkf.k opakfl] deZ/kj;] e/qjopuksa dksA
;wu% & ;qou~ 'kCn] "k-,-o-] r#.kL;] ;qod dkA
je.khuke~ & L=kh.kke~] ;qofr;ksa dkA
vkykibo & vkyki% $ bo] okrkZyki lkA
jrk & je~ $ Dr] L=kh-iz-,-o-] layXuk%] rRijA
Jw;rs & Jq $ deZ ok- yV~] iz-iq-,-o-] lquk tkrk gSA
fLFkRok & LFkk $ DRok] BgjdjA
fd;Ura & fd;r~ f}-,-o-] oqQNA
vuUrikjks & u vUrikjkS ;L; l%] c-ozh- lekl] vkfn vUr jfgrA
xHkhj'p & xHkhj% $ p] xaHkhjA
dfri; fcUno% & dfri;s fcUno%] deZ/kj;] oqQN va'kA
lwfpre~ & lwp~ $ Dr] fuosfnre~] lwfpr fd;kA
loZfo|kfu".kkrk & lokZlq fo|klq fu".kkrk rRiq-] lHkh fo|kvksa esa fuiq.kA
tkrk & tu~ $ Dr] L=kh- iz- ,-o- gks xbZ gSA
vUos"k.ka & vuq $ b"k~ $ Y;qV~] uiqa- iz-,-o-] xos"k.ke~] [kkstA
czãokfnuh & czãofnrqa 'khya ;L;k% lk czãu~ $ on~ $ f.kp~ $ f.kfu
L=kh-] iz-,-o-] osnkUr esa fuiq.kA
izkI; & iz $ vki~ $ DRok $ Y;i~] vf/xR;] ikdjA
f'k{kf;";kfe & f'k{k $ f.kp~] y`V~] m-iq-] ,-o-] f'k{kk nawxhA
rs¿fHk#fpe~ & rs $ vfHk#fpe~] rqEgkjh yxu dksA
vè;;us & vf/ $ b $ Y;qV~] l-,-o-] iBus] i<+us esaA
vè;kius & vf/ $ b $ f.kp~ $ Y;qV~] l-,-o-] ikBus] i<+kus esaA
vis{krs & vi $ bZ{k] yV~ iz-iq-,-o-] vko';drk dk vuqHko djrh gSA
enkylk 77
thouiFks & thouL; iUFkk% thouiFk%] "k-rRiq-] rfLeu~] thou ekxsZ] thou
osQ jkLrs ijA
ufrZrqe~ & u`r~ $ rqequ~] ukpus osQ fy,A
,dkfduh & ,dkfdu~] L=kh- iz-,-o-] vosQyhA
ljlka & jlsu lfgrka] cgqozhfg lekl] jl;qDrA
fo/k; & fo $ /k $ DRok] Y;i~] ÑRok djosQA
Lokf/iR;a & LoL; vkf/iR;e~] "k-rRiq-] viuk LokfeRoA
gkfjroku~ & â $ f.kp~ $ Dror~] iq-iz-,-o-] gjok fn;kA
;qf/f"BjL; & ;qf/ $ fLFkj%] ;qf/f"Bj% vyqo~Q rRiq-] rL;A
ljf.k% & ekxZ%] jkLrkA
izrh;rs & izfr $ b] deZokP;] yV~ iz-iq-,-o- izrhrks Hkofr] izrhr gksrk gSA
tulÄïys q & tuS% lÄïysq ] r`-rRiq-] HkhM+ ls Hkjs gq,A
fofHkUu izÑfrdk% & fofHkUu izÑfr% ;s"kka rs c-ozh-] fHkUuLoHkko%] fHkUu&fHkUu LoHkko
okysA
LoizÑR;uqowQy% & LoizÑfr $ vuqowQy%] LoL; izÑR;k vuqowQy%] vius vuqowQy
LoHkko okykA
uouoksUes"k'kkfyU;k & uouosu mUes"ks.k 'kkyrs ;k lk r;k] ubZ ubZ pedokyhA
foLeki;fl & fo $ fLe $ f.kp~ $ yV~] e-iq-] ,-o-] pfdre~ djksf"k]
vk'p;Zpfdr dj jgh gksA
'k{;fl & 'ko~Q $ y`V~] e-iq-,-o-] leFkZ gksaxsA
iz"Vqe~ & izPN~ $ rqequ~] iwNus osQ fy,A
vo/kj.kk & vo $ /` $ f.kp~ $ Y;qV~] /kj.kk] fopkj /kjkA
fuekZ=kh & fuj~ $ ek r`p~ $ L=kh-] fuekZ.k djus okyhA
vkdkj;s & vk $ Ñ $ f.kp~] yV~] iz-iq-,-o-] cqykrk gw¡A
firjkS & ekrk p firk p] }U}] ekrk vkSj firkA
/ekZFkZdkelafl¼;s & /eZ% p vFkZ% p dke% p /ekZFkZdkek%] rs"kka lafl¼;s] /eZ]
vFkZ] dke dh flf¼ osQ fy,A
78 HkkLorh
ifriRU;kS & ifr% p iRuh p }U} lekl] ifr iRuhA

nh;ekue~ & nk $ deZokP;] 'kkup~] uiqqa-iz-,-o-] fn;k tkrk gqvkA
le{ke~ & v{.kks% lEeq[ke~] vO;;hHkko] leklA
liRuh & leku% ifr% ;L;k% lk] lkSrA
Ron/hue~ & ro v/hue~ "k-rRiq-] rqEgkjs v/huA
KkufoKkukuqlU/k=;k & KkuL; foKkuL; p vuqlUèkk=;k%] "k-rRiq-] "k-,-o- Kku foKku
dh [kkst djus okyh dkA
bZgs & bZg~ /krq] yV~ m-iq-] ,-o-] pkgrk gw¡A
vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mÙkjr&
(d) m|kua dL; vklhr~\
([k) d% vkeze×tjh.kka 'kksHkka n`"V~ok owQtfr\
(x) dk fo|kè;;us jrk vklhr~\
(?k) dk fou;a nnkfr\
(Ä) dk loZfo|kfu".kkrk vklhr~A
(p) enkylk ¯d Lohdrq± u bPNfr\
(N) f'k'kwuka pfj=kfuekZ.ka dL;k% v/hue~\
(t) d% Hkk;kZ;ka Lokf/iR;a LFkki;fr\
(>) ;qf/f"Bj% dka |wrs gkfjroku~\
(×k) d% ifjppkZ;ka lfEefyr% vHkor~\
2- iw.kZokD;su mÙkja nnr&
(d) oqQyxq#rqEc#% enkylk;k% fo"k;s ¯d dfFkroku~\
([k) enkylk fookgcU/ua frjLÑR; ¯d drqeZ ~ bPNfr\
(x) ½rèot% Loifjp;a dFka nnkfr\
enkylk 79
(?k) ½rèotL; ukjha izfr dk /kj.kk vklhr~\

(Ä) dL;k% j{kkFk± iRU;k% lg;ksx% vfuok;Z% vfLr\
(p) ½rèot% y{E;k% o.kZua dFka djksfr\
(d) ;wuks% ân;a m|kuL; 'kksHkka n`"V~ok mRdf.Bra HkofrA
([k) enkylk KkuL; dfri;fcUnwu~ ,o izkIrorhA
(x) oqQyxq#rqEc#egkHkkxS% xUèkoZjktk; lwfpre~A
(?k) enkylk f'k";ku~ thoudyka ikBf;rqe~ bPNfrA
(Ä) enkylk thous lVrS% ufrZrqa u bPNfr LeA
(p) iq#"k% Hkk;kZ;ka Lokf/iR;a LFkki;frA
(N) ;qf/f"Bj% nzkiS nha |wrs gkfjroku~A
(t) gfj'pUnz% iq=ka tulÄq y ï s vki.ks foØhroku~A
(>) vfLeu~ lalkjs fofHkUuizÑfrdk% iq#"kk% olfUrA
(×k) y{E;k% j{kkFk± iRU;k% lg;ksx% vfuok;Z%A
4- fo'ks"k.ka fo'ks";s.k lg ;kst;r&
(d) xHkhj% /ue~
([k) loZfo|kfu".kkrk ½rèot%
(x) fofHkUuizÑfrdk% vki.ks
(?k) futhZoe~ Kkuksnf/%
(Ä) tulÄ~oqQys iq#"kk%
(p) 'k=kqftr% enkylk
(N) vuqozrkS oLrq
(t) izHkwre~ ifriRU;kS
80 HkkLorh
5- izÑfrizR;;;ks% foHkkxa oqQ#r&

;Fkk & LFkkrqe~ ¾ LFkk $ rqequ~
(d) n`"V~ok
([k) JqRok
(x) fLFkRok
(?k) vf/ÑR;
(Ä) LohdrqZe~
(p) ufrZrqe~
(N) fo/k;
(t) eU;eku%
(>) drqZe~
(×k) jf{krO;k
6- v/ksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu oQ% oaQ izfr dFk;fr

d% dFk;fr de~ izfr
;Fkk & Roa rq osQoya fo|kè;;us ,o jrk enkylk oqQ.Myke~
(d) vkpk;kZina izkI; f'k";ku~ thoudyka f'k{kf;";kfe --------------- ---------------
([k) ukjh thou;k=kk;ka defi lgpjeis{krs --------------- ---------------
(x) vge~ u dL;kfi lÄsïr%S ufrZrqa ikj;kfe --------------- ---------------
(?k) ¯d xU/oZjktfo'okolqegkHkkxkk% vfi LoiRuha
;qf/f"Bj% bo gkfjroUr% gfj'pUnz bo foØhroUr%\--------------- ---------------
(Ä) ,dL; vijk/su lokZ tkfr% n.M~;k bfr fofp=kks
U;k; ro l[;k% --------------- ---------------
7- gfj'pUnz% lekts oSQ% xq.kS% izfl¼ vklhr~A
8- ukjha izfr ½rèotL; dk /kj.kk vklhr~A

enkylk 81
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
enkylk ikSjkf.kd dFkklq vkn'kZuk;kZ mnkgj.ka izLrkSfrA
r;k Loiq=kL; pfj=kfuekZ.kk; egku~ iz;kl% Ñr%A rFkkfg 'kS'kos iq=kk; dfFkr% rL;k% v;a 'yksd%
funzkxhrs% (yksjh xhrs%) izfl¼e~ mnkgj.ke~A
'kq¼ks¿fl cq¼ks¿fl] fujatuks¿flA

lalkjek;k ifjoftZrks¿flA
lalkjLoIua R;t eksgfunzka
enkylk okD;eqokp iq=ke~AA
n'ke% ikB%
izrh{kk
vk/qfud mfM+;k ys[kdksa esa Jh jekdkUr jFk dk ew/UZ ; LFkku gSA vki dh vusd dfork,¡
ns'k&fons'k dh Hkk"kkvksa esa vuwfnr gks pqdh gSaA laLÑr Hkk"kk esa budh dforkvksa dk vuqokn
¶Jhjk/k¸ ds :i esa izdkf'kr gqvk gSA blds vuqoknd Jh xksfoUn pUnz mn~xkrk gSaA xhrxksfoUn
dh Hkk¡fr bl esa Hkh jk/k ,oa Ñ".k ds l[;Hkko dks jgL;okn dh Nk;k esa cgqr lqUnj izdkj
ls of.kZr fd;k x;k gSA jk/k Ñ".k dh izrh{kk djrh gS vkSj vR;Ur O;kdqy gks tkrh gSA
fnu&jkr izrh{kk esa mls fofHkUu :iksa dh tks Nfo fn[kkbZ nsrh gS] og oLrqr% vfuoZpuh; gSA
mu ds :i dk lkdY;su o.kZu djuk vlEHko gh gSA d.k&d.k esa fo|eku og mikL;] HkDr
dks fofHkUu :iksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gS & ;g rF; cM+s gh izrhdkRed izdkj ls bl xhr esa
izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gSA
izrh{kk 83
izrh{ks¿ga ro Ñrs fnua fnue~

jtuha jtuha p
u tkrq n'kZua nnkfl es]
¯d rkoUes lk izrh{kk\
rL;ka es pkapY;ifjiwfjrk;ka izrh{kk;ke~
dq=k ok fo|rs LFkkue~
voLFkkuk; ro iw.kZr;k\
;nk ok n`';rs]
:iL;k/kZf/da rnk ro
ykspufo"k;krhra HkwRok fr"BfrA
;r~ fdafpnfi n`';rs
rFkkfi u Hktfr Li"V:irke~
;rLrr~ lekPNÂeso Hkofr
v'kkfUr&izlwrSesZ
Le`fr&n`';kfHkyk"kScZgqfo/S%]
vFk ok n`';rs LiqQjTtyo{kfl

Nk;so iknikukeqidwyofrZuke~A
n`"Vs lfr dL;fpÂkEuks :is
LFkkus rL;ksitk;ekua n`';rs
vU;Ppu foaQpu :ia ukekUrj&fpfÉre~A
,deso #ia HkwRokA
gUr ukga HkktueHkoesrkork¿fi dkysu

,deso :ia drqZekReu% iw.kZr;kA
fd;ku~ iqu% dkyks orZrs 'ks"k%

;nga fpUrf;";kfe
;nfl Roa rnwzir;k¿¿xR;
,dnk leqiLFkkL;fl enfUrosQ
futZuosyk;ka es ijek;q"k%\
84 HkkLorh
'kCnkFkkZ% fVi.;'p
izrh{ks & izrh{kk djrh gw¡A
jtuhe~ & jkf=ke~] jtuh] f}-fo-,-o-] jkr dksA
tkrq & vO;;e~] dHkh HkhA
nnkfl & ;PNfl] nk] yV~] e-iq-,d o-] nsrs gksA
izrh{kk;ke~ & izrh{kk 'kCn] lIreh fo- ,- o- (L=kh-)] izrh{kk esaA
fo|rs & gS (fo|eku gS)A
voLFkkuk; & vo $ LFkk $ Y;qV~ (vu)] prqfo-,d-o-] Bgjus osQ
fy,A
lekPNÂe~ & le~ $ vk $ Nn~ $ Dr] <dk gqvkA
izlwrS% & iz $ lw $ Dr] r`-fo-cgq o-] mRiÂksa lsA
vfUrosQ & lehis] lehiA
osyk;ke~ & osyk] l-fo-,-o-] (L=kh-)] le; esaA
vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mÙkjr&
(d) dk izrh{kka djksfr\
([k) izrh{kk dhn`'kh vfLr\
(x) d% n'kZua u nnkfr\
(?k) îzrh{kk* ikB% dLekr~ xzUFkkr~ vuwfnr%\
(d) vga dFka izrh{ks\
([k) jk/k iw.kZr;k vkReu% fda drqaZ ok×Nfr\
(x) ,dnk dq=k leqiLFkkL;fl\
izrh{kk 85
(?k) ,deso :ia HkwRok dFka fpfÉre~\

(Ä) Nk;so l% dq=k n`';rs\
(p) ;nk ok n`';rs rnk dFka HkwRok fr"Bfr\
3- js[kkfÄïrkfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka dq#r &

(d) rFkkfi u Hktfr Li"V:irke~A
([k) vFkok n`';rs LiqQjTtyo{kflA
(x) LFkkus rL; mitk;ekua n`';rsA
(?k) futZuosyk;ka enfUrosQ leqiLFkkL;flA
(Ä) iqu% dkyks orZrs 'ks"k%A
4- fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks";inkuka leqfpra esyua dq#r&

pk×pyiwfjrk;ke~ dky%
midwyofrZuke~ :ie~
ukekUrjfpfÉre~ n`';kfHkyk"kS%
'ks"k% izrh{kk;ke~
cgqfo/S% iknikuke~
5- v/ksfyf[krs"kq lfU/PNsna dq#r&

v/kZf/de~] Nk;so] rL;ksitk;ekue~] vU;Ppu] dL;fpÂkEu%] rnzwir;k] izrh{ks¿ge~] rkoUesA
6- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka okD;s"kq iz;ksxa dq#r&

HkwRok] LFkkus] n`';rs] fo|rs] izrh{kk] n'kZue~] vfUrosQA
7- v/ksfyf[krkuka inifjp;ks ns;%A

nnkfl] HkwRok] n`"Vs] o{kfl] vk;q"k%] vkReu%] drqZe~] lekPNÂe~A
86 HkkLorh
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
îkB dk mfM+;k ewy* Jh jekdkUr jFk iz.khr ^Jh jk/k* iqLrd ls m¼`rA
eq¡ reoqQ fnu fnu jkfr jkfr pfg¡ jgs fdUrq

res tek ns[kk fnv ukfg¡A
eks pkfg¡ jfgck d.k\ ukuk papyrk
iw.kZ pkfg¡ jfgckjs res iqjkiwfj
jfgckoqQ ,rs tkxk dkfg¡\
tsrscsysck fn'kqN re psgsjkj
v/kZf/d jgs n`f"V cfgHkqZr gksb]
;kgk fn'ks rkgk fc eks v'kkfUrizlwr
ukuk n`'; ukuk Le`fr ukuk vkdka{kkjs
vkPNkfnr gksb Li"V ns[kk;k, ukfg¡]
ck fn'kqfN gypy ikf.kjs ;sifj

owQys fFkck xNadj NkbA
xksfV, ukvk¡j :i fnf'kck ek=k osQ
vU; ,d ukvk¡ fFkck vU; :ifV,
ls tkxkjs fn'ks ,dek=k :i gksbA
xksfV, :ijoqQ eè; vki.kkj dfjck Hkktu
,rsdky /fj gsfy ukfg¡A
vkm dsrs dky ckdh vfN ;s Hkkfcfc

res ;kgk lsifj Hkkcjs
fnus vkfl ig¡fpc eks ijek;qj
vkm dsfg ufFkck csyjs\
ifjf'k"V
vuq'kaflr xzUFk

1- vFkoZosn% & lkroysdj ikjMh] 1957
2- vfHkKku'kkoqQUrye~ dkfynkl eksrhyky cukjlhnkl] fnYyh&07
3- ÍXosn% & la-iz-,u-,l-lksuVDds] oSfnd la'kks/u
e.My] iwuk&egkjk"Vª&02
4- dFkklfjRlkxj lksenso eksrhyky cukjlhnkl] fnYyh&07
5- dFkklfjRlkxj 'kwnzd fgUnh :ikUrj izks- jk/koYyHk f=kikBh]
us'kuy cqd VªLV] ubZ fnYyh&07
6- dknEcjh ck.kHk^ eksrhyky cukjlhnkl] fnYyh&07
7- pjdlafgrk pjd pkS[kEck laLÑr laLFkku] okjk.klh
8- tkrdekyk vk;Z'kwj lw;uZ kjk;.k pkS/jh] eksrhyky cukjlhnkl]
fnYyh&07
9- n'koqQekjpfjre~ n.Mh Jh fo'oukFk >k] eksrhyky cukjlh nkl]
fnYyh&07
10- i×pjk=ke~ Hkkl HkklukVdpØe] la - lh-vkj-ns o /j]
vksfj,.Vy cqd ,tsUlh] iwuk&1945
11- iqjU/zhi×pde~ osnoqQekjh ?kbZ jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] tudiqjh] ubZ fnYyh
12- izrkifot;% bZ'knÙk% ok.khfoykl] okjk.klh
13- cq¼pfjre~ v'o?kks"k pkS[kEck lqjHkkjrh] okjk.klh
14- Hkkjr fot;ukVde~ eFkqjkizlkn nhf{kr eksrhyky cukjlhnkl] fnYyh&07
15- HkkstizcU/% cYykylsu pkS[kEck laLÑr laLFkku] ubZ fnYyh
16- egkHkkjre~ O;kl eksrhyky cukjlhnkl] fnYyh&07
88 HkkLorh
17- egkHkk";e~ ir×tfy pk#nso 'kkL=kh] eksrhyky cukjlhnkl]

fnYyh&07
18- e`PNdfVde~ 'kwnzd fu.kZ;lkxj izsl] eqEcbZ
19- e`PNdfVde~ 'kwnzd fgUnh vuqokn eksgu jkds'k] jktdey
izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh&1962
20- ;tqZosZn% mOoVegh/j Hkk"; pkS[kEck izdk'ku] okjk.klh] 1912
21- j?kqoa'ke~ dkfynkl eksrhyky cukjlhnkl fnYyh&07
22- jkek;.ke~ okYehfd ukx ifCy'klZ] tokgjuxj] fnYyh&07
23- oSfnd lkfgR; vkSj laLÑfr cynso mikè;k; 'kkjnk eafnj] okjk.klh
24- f'kojktfot;% vfEcdknÙk O;kl lkfgR; iqLrd Hk.Mkj] esjB
25- Jh jk/k jekdkUr jFk
26- laLÑr ukVd ,-ch-dhFk] mn;Hkkuqflag (fgUnh vuqokn)] eksrhyky cukjlh nkl]
fnYyh&07
27- laLÑr lkfgR; dk MkW- jk/koYyHk f=kikBh fo'ofo|ky; izdk'ku] pkSd okjk.klh
vfHkuo bfrgkl
28- laLÑr lkfgR; dk bfrgkl cynso mikè;k; 'kkjnk efUnj] okjk.klh
29- fgrksins'k% ukjk;.k'kekZ eksrhyky cukjlhnkl] fnYyh&07

fo"k;kuqØef.kdk
i`"BkÄïk%
iqjksoko~Q III
Hkwfedk VII
eÄõye~ 1
izFke% ikB% fo|;k¿e`re'uqrs 2
f}rh;% ikB% j?kqdkSRllaokn% 11
r`rh;% ikB% ckydkSrd q e~ 27
prqFkZ% ikB% deZxkSjoe~ 38
i×pe% ikB% 'kqduklksins'k% 47
"k"B% ikB% lwfDrlq/k 57
lIre% ikB% foØeL;kSnk;Ze~ 67
v"Ve% ikB% Hkw&foHkkxk% 74
uoe% ikB% dk;± ok lk/;s;a nsga ok ikr;s;e~ 78
n'ke% ikB% nhucU/q% Jhuk;kj% 86
,dkn'k% ikB% mn~fHkTt&ifj"kn~ 92
}kn'k% ikB% fdUrks% oqQfVyrk 98
ifjf'k"V
1- NUn 107
2- vyÄkï j 112
3- vuq'kaflr xzUFk 117
eÄõye~
Hknza d.ksfZ Hk% Ük`.kq;ke nsok%
Hknza i';sek{kfHk;Zt=kk% A
fLFkjSjÄLõS rq"VqokalLruwfHk&
O;Z'ksefg nsofgra ;nk;q% AA1AA
e/q okrk Írk;rs e/q {kjfUr flU/o%A
ekèohuZ% lURoks"k/h% AA2AA
e/q uDreqrks"klks e/qeRikfFkZoa jt%A
e/q |kSjLrq u% firk AA3AA
e/qekUuksouLifreZ/eq k¡ vLrq lw;%Z A
ekèohxkZoks HkoUrq% u% AA4AA
HkkokFkZ%
gs nsox.k! ge dkuksa ls dY;k.kdkjh (opu) lqu]as vk¡[kksa ls dY;k.kdkjh (n`';)
ns[ksAa lHkh fLFkj vÄõkas (LoLFk bfUnz;ks)a ls Lrqfr djrs gq, fnO; vk;q dks izkIr djsa
AA1AA
lqjfHkr ok;q cgsA ufn;k¡ e/qj ty ls ;qDr gksaA vks"kf/;k¡ gekjs fy, eèkqe;
gksa AA2AA
jkf=k;k¡ e/qe; gksAa izkr% dky e/qj (lqiHz kkr) gksA i`fFkoh dh /wy Hkh e/qe;
vFkkZr~ e/qj vUuiznkf;uh gksA |qyksd (u{k=kyksd) izdk'ke; gksA ijes'oj gekjs fy,
dY;k.kdkjh gksa AA3AA
ouLifr;k¡ gekjs fy, e/qj gkso]as lw;Z e/qj (vUukfn nsus okys) gksoAas xk;sa gesa eèkqj
(nw/ nsus okyh) gksa AA4AA
izFke% ikB%
fo|;k¿e`re'uqrs
izLrqr ikB bZ'kkokL;ksifu"kr~ ls ladfyr gSA ^bZ'kkokL;e~* in ls vkjEHk gksus osQ dkj.k bls
bZ'kkokL;ksifu"kr~ dh laKk nh x;h gSA ;g mifu"kr~ ;tqosZn dh ekè;fUnu ,oa dk.o lafgrk dk
40ok¡ vè;k; gS] ftlesa 18 eU=k gSaA
bl ladyu osQ vk| nks eU=kksa esa bZ'oj dh loZ=k fo|ekurk dks n'kkZrs gq,] drZO; Hkkouk
ls deZ djus ,oa R;kxiwoZd lalkj osQ inkFkks± dk mi;ksx ,oa laj{k.k djus dk funsZ'k gSA
vkReLo:i bZ'oj dh O;kidrk dks tks yksx Lohdkj ugha djrs gSa muosQ vKku dks r`rh; eU=k
esa n'kkZ;k gSA prqFkZ eU=k esa pSrU; Lo:i] Lo;a izdk'k ,oa foHkq loZO;kid vkRe rÙo dk
fu:i.k gSA i×pe ,oa "k"B eU=kksa esa vfo|k vFkkZr~ O;kogkfjd Kku ,oa fo|k vFkkZr~ vkè;kfRed
Kku ij lw{e fpUru fufgr gSA vfUre eU=k O;kogkfjd Kku ls ykSfdd vH;qn; ,oa vè;kReKku
ls vejrk dh izkfIr dks crykrk gSA
bl ikB~;ka'k ls ;g lUns'k feyrk gS fd ykSfdd ,oa vè;kRe fo|k ,d nwljs dh iwjd
gS rFkk ekuo thou dh ifjiw.kZrk ,oa lokZÄõh.k fodkl esa leku :i ls egÙo j[krh gSaA
bZ'kkokL;fena lo± ;fRd×p txR;ka txr~ A

rsu R;Drsu Hkq×thFkk ek x`/% dL;fLon~/ue~ AA1AA
oqQoZUusogs dekZf.k ftthfo"ksPNra lek% A
,oa Rof; ukU;Fksrks¿fLr u deZ fyI;rs ujs AA2AA
vlq;kZ uke rs yksdk vU/su relk¿¿o`rk% A
rk¡Lrs izRs ;kfHkxPNfUr ;s osQ pkReguks tuk% AA3AA
fo|;k¿e`re'uqrs 3
vustnsoQa eulks toh;ks uSun~no

s k vkIuqoUiwoeZ "kZr~ A
r¼korks¿U;kuR;sfr fr"BÙkfLeUuiks ekrfj'ok n/kfr AA4AA
vU/Ure% izfo'kfUr ;s¿fo|keqiklrs A
rrks Hkw; bo rs reks ; m fo|k;ka jrk% AA5AA
vU;nsokgqfoZ|;k vU;nkgqjfo|;k A
bfr 'kqJeq /hjk.kka ;s uLrf}ppf{kjs AA6AA
fo|ka pkfo|ka p ;Lrn~os nksHk;a l g A
vfo|;k e`R;qa rhRokZ fo|;k¿e`re'uqrs AA7AA
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
bZ'kkokL;e~ & bZ'kL; bZ'ksu ok vkokL;ke~A bZ'k osQ jgus ;ksX; vFkkZr~ bZ'oj ls O;kIrA
txr~ & xPNfr bfr txr~A lrra ifjorZeku% izi×p%A lrr ifjorZu'khy lalkjA
Hkq×thFkk% & Hkksxa oqQ#A Hkksx djksA fo"k; oLrq dk xzg.k djksA Hkqt~ (ikyus vH;ogkjs
p) èkkrq] vkReusinh] fof/fyÄ~] eè;e iq#"k] ,dopuA
ek x`èk% & yksyqi% ek HkoA yksyqi er gksA yksHk er djksA x`èk~ (vfHkdka{kk;ke~)
/krqA yÄ~ ydkj] eè;e iq#"k% ,dopu esa ^vx`/%* :i curk gSA
O;kdj.k fu;ekuqlkj fu"ksèkkFkZd vO;; êkÄ~* osQ ;ksx esa ^vx`èk%* osQ
vkjEHk esa fo|eku ^v* dkj dk yksi gksrk gSA
dL;fLon~ & fdlh dkA bl osQ lekukFkZd in gSa&dL;fpr~] dL;puA vO;;A
oqQoZUuso & djrs gq , ghA Ñ $ 'kr` iqaf yÄ õ ] iz F kek foHkfDr] ,dopu
oqQoZu~ $ ,oA
ftthfo"ksr~ & thforqe~ bPNsr~A thus dh bPNk djsaA tho (izk.kèkkj.ks) èkkrq] bPNkFkZd
lu~ izR;; ls fof/ fyÄ~A tho $ lu~ $ fof/fyÄA~
4 'kk'orh
deZ u fyI;rs & deZ fyIr ugha gksrkA fyi (minsgs) /krq] yV~] deZf.k iz;ksxA ^deZ
ujs u fyI;rs&;g ,d fof'k"V oSfnd iz;ksx gSA rqyuk dhft;s&^fyI;rs
u l ikisuA* (Hkxon~xhrk&5-10)
vlq;kZ% & izdk'kghuA vFkok vlqj lEcUèkhA vfo|kfn nks"kksa ls ;qDr] izk.kiks"k.k
esa fujrA vlqj $ ;_ vlq $ jk $ ;A cgqopuA
vUèksu relk & vR;Ur vKku :ih vUèkdkj lsA ^re%* 'kCn vKku dk cksèkdA
vko`rk% & vkPNkfnrA vk $ o` (oj.ks) $ DrA
izsR; & ej.ka izkI;] ej.k izkIrdjA b.k~ (xrkS) /krqA iz $ b $ Y;i~A
vkRegu% & vkRekua ;s ?ufUrA vkRek dh O;kidrk dks tks Lohdkj ugha djrsA
^vkRekua ¾ bZ'ka loZr% iw.k± fpnkuUna ?ufUr ¾ frjLoqQoZfUr ('kkÄjï Hkk";s)*A
vustr~ & dEiu jfgrA fodkj jfgr] fLFkj] vpyA ,t` (dEius) /krqA
u $ ,t~ $ 'krÀ uiqald fyÄ]õ izFkek foHkfDr ,dopuA
toh;% & vfr'k;su toor~A vf/d osxokykA to $ erqi~ $ bZ;l~A uiqald
fyÄ]õ izFkek foHkfDr ,dopuA
u vkIuqou~ & izkIr ugha fd;kA vkIy` (O;kIrkS)] yÄ~ ydkj izFke iq#"k cgqopuA
v"kZr~ & xPNr~A xeu'khyA ½"kh (xrkS) /krqA 'kr` izR;;] uiqald fyÄ]õ izFkek
foHkfDr ,dopuA vFkok ½ (xrkS) /krq] ysV~ ydkjA
fr"Br~ & fLFkj jgus okykA ifjorZu jfgrA LFkk $ 'kr`] uiqald fyÄ]õ izFkek
foHkfDr ,dopuA
ekrfj'ok & ok;qA izk.kok;qA ekrfj ¾ vUrfj{ks Üo;fr ¾ xPNfr bfr ekrfj'okA
udkjkUr iqafyÄõ] izFkek foHkfDr ,dopuA
izfo'kfUr & izos'k djrs gSaA iz $ fo'k~ (izos'kus) yV~ ydkj izFke iq#"k cgqopuA
miklrs & mikluk djrs gSaA mi $ vklrsA vkl~ (mios'kus) èkkrq yV~ ydkj
izFke iq#"k cgqopuA vkLrs vklkrs vklrsA
rrksHkw; bo & mlls vf/dA rhuksa in vO;; gSaA
jrk% & je.k djrs gSAa fujr gSAa je~ (ØhMk;ka) $ DrA izFkek foHkfDr cgqopuA
osn & tkurk gSA fon~ (Kkus) /krq] yV~ ydkj izFke iq#"k ,dopuA
mHk;e~ & nksuksaA
fo|;k¿e`re'uqrs 5
rhRokZ & rj.kdjA rÏ (Iyourj.k;ks%) $ DRokA vO;;A

ve`re~ & vejrk dksA tUe&e`R;q osQ nq%[k ls jfgr vejRo dksA
v'uqrs & izkIr djrk gSA v'k~ (Hkkstus) /krqA HkkstukFkZd èkkrq bl lUnHkZ esa
izkfIr osQ vFkZ esa gSA (v'uqrs izkfIrdekZ_ fu?k.Vq% 2-18)
vkgq% & dgrs gSaA czw×k~ (O;Drk;ka okfp) yV~ ydkj izFke iq#"k cgqopuA
'kqJqe & lqu pqosQ gSaA Jq (Jo.ks) /krq] fyV~ ydkj mÙke iq#"k cgqopuA
foppf{kjs & Li"V mins'k fn;s FksA fo $ pf{kÄ~ (vk[;kus) èkkrq] fyV~ ydkj
izFke iq#"k cgqopuA pp{ks pp{kkrs ppf{kjsA
fo|k & Kku] vè;kRe KkuA fon~ (Kkus) $ D;i~ $ Vki~A ;gk¡ ^vè;kRe
fo|k* osQ vFkZ esa ^fo|k* 'kCn dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA bl pjkpj txr~
esa loZ=k O;kIr vkReLo:i bZ'oj osQ Kku dks ^vè;kRefo|k* dh
laKk nh x;h gSA ;g ;FkkFkZ Kku ^fo|k* gSA eks{k fo|k uke ls Hkh
tkuk tkrk gSA
vfo|k & vè;kResrj fo|k] O;kogkfjd fo|kA vè;kRe Kku ls fHkÂ lHkh
KkuA u $ fo|kA û* dk vFkZ gS ^brj* vFkok ^fHkÂ*A vFkkZr~ ^vkRefo|k
ls fHkÂ* tks Hkh Kkujkf'k gS tSls l`f"VfoKku] ;Kfo|k] HkkSfrd
foKku] vk;qfoZKku] izk| S ksfxdh] lwpuk&rU=k&Kku vkfn vfo|k in esa
lekfgr gSaA
vH;kl%
1- laLÑrHkk"k;k mÙkja fy[kr&
(d) bZ'kkokL;ksifu"kn~ dL;k% lafgrk;k% Hkkx%\
([k) txRlo± dhn`'ke~ vfLr\
(x) inkFkZHkksx% dFka dj.kh;%\
(?k) 'kra lek% dFka ftthfo"ksr~\
(Ä) vkReguks tuk% dhn`'ka yksoaQ xPNfUr\
(p) eulks¿fi osxoku~ d%\
6 'kk'orh
(N) fr"BÂfi d% /kor% vU;ku~ vR;sfr\

(t) vU/Ure% osQ izfo'kfUr\
(>) /hsjsH;% ½"k;% ¯d JqroUr%\
(×k) vfo|;k ¯d rjfr\
(V) fo|;k ¯d izkIuksfr\
2- ^bZ'kkokL;e~------dL;fLo¼ue~* bR;L; Hkkoa ljylaLÑrHkk"k;k fo'kn;rA
3- ^vUèkUre% izfo'kfUr------fo|k;ka jrk%* bfr eU=kL; Hkkoa fgUnhHkk"k;k vkaXyHkk"k;k

ok fo'kn;rA
4- ^fo|ka pkfo|ka p------¿e`re'uqrs* bfr eU=kL; rkRi;± Li"V;rA
(d) bna lo± txr~ -------------------------A
([k) ek x`/% ------------------------- A
(x) 'kra lek% ------------------------- ftthfo"ksr~A
(?k) vlq;kZ uke yksdk ------------------------- vko`rk%A
(Ä) vfo|ksikldk% ------------------------- izfo'kfUrA
6- vèkksfyf[krkuka lizlÄaõ fgUnhHkk"k;k O;k[;k dk;kZ&

(d) rsu R;Drsu Hkq×thFkk%A
([k) u deZ fyI;rs ujsA
(x) rfLeUuiks ekrfj'ok n/kfrA
(?k) vfo|;k e`R;qa rhRokZ fo|;k¿e`re'uqrsA
(Ä) ,oa Rof; ukU;Fksrks¿fLrA
(p) rkaLrs izsR;kfHkxPNfUr ;s osQ pkReguks tuk%A
(N) vustnsoaQ eulks toh;ks uSuísok vkIuqou~ iwoZe"kZr~A
fo|;k¿e`re'uqrs 7
7- mifu"kUeU=k;ks% vUo;a fy[kr&

vU;nsokgqfoZ|;k vU;nkgqjfo|;k A
bfr 'kqJqe /hjk.kka ;s uLrf}ppf{kjs AA
vustnsoaQ eulks toh;ks uSun~nsok vkIuqoUiwoZe"kZr~ A
r¼korks¿U;kuR;sfr fr"BÙkfLeUuiks ekrfj'ok n/kfr AA
8- izÑ¯r izR;;a p ;kstf;Rok injpuka oqQ#r&
R;t~ $ Dr_ Ñ $ 'kr`_ rr~ $ rfly~
9- izÑfrizR;;foHkkx% fØ;rke~&
izsR;] rhRokZ] /kor%] fr"Br~] toh;%
10- vèkksfyf[krkfu inkfu vkfJR; okD;jpuka oqQ#r&

txR;ka] /ue~] Hkq×thFkk%] 'kre~] dekZf.k] relk] Rof;] vfHkxPNfUr] izfo'kfUr] /hjk.kka]
fo|k;ke~] Hkw;%] lek%A
11- l¯U/ lfU/foPNsna ok oqQ#r&

(d) bZ'kkokL;e~ -------------------- $ --------------------
([k) oqQoZÂsosg -------------------- $ -------------------- $ --------------------
(x) ftthfo"ksr~ $ 'kra --------------------
(?k) rr~ $ /kor% --------------------
(Ä) vustr~ $ ,oaQ --------------------
(p) vkgq% $ vfo|;k --------------------
(N) vU;Fksr% -------------------- $ --------------------
(t) rkaLrs -------------------- $ --------------------

8 'kk'orh
12- v/ksfyf[krkuka leqfpra ;kstua oqQ#r&

/ue~ && ok;q%
lek% && vkRekua ;s ?ufUr
vlq;kZ% && JqroUr% Le
vkRegu% && relk¿¿o`rk%
ekrfj'ok && o"kkZf.k
'kqJqe && vejrka
ve`re~ && foÙke~
13- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka i;kZ;inkfu fy[kr&

ujs] bZ'k%] txr~] deZ] /hjk%] fo|k] vfo|k
14- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka foykseinkfu fy[kr&

,de~] fr"Br~] relk] mHk;e~] toh;%] e`R;qe~
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
lexzs¿fLeu~ fo'os KkuL;k|a Ïksrks osnjkf'kfjfr lqf/;% vkeufUrA rkn`'kL; osnL; lkj% mifu"kRlq
lekfgrks orZrsA mifu"knka ^czãfo|k* ^Kkudk.Me~* ôsnkUr%* bR;fi ukekUrjkf.k fo|UrsA
mi&fu bR;qilxZlfgrkr~ ln~ ("kn~y`) /krks% f‡i~ izR;;s Ñrs mifu"kr~&'kCnks fu"i|rs] ;su
vKkuL; uk'kks Hkofr] vkReuks Kkua lkè;rs] lalkjpØL; nq%[ka f'kfFkyhHkofr rkn`'kks Kkujkf'k%
mifu"kRinsu vfHk/h;rsA xqjks% lehis mifo'; vè;kRefo|kxzg.ka HkorhR;fi dkj.kkr~ mifu"kfnfr
ina lkFkZoaQ HkofrA
izfl¼klq 108 mifu"kRLofi 11 mifu"kn% vR;Ura egÙoiw.kkZ% eguh;k'pA rk% bZ'k&osQu&
dB&iz'u&eq.Md&ek.MwD;&,srjs;&rSfÙkjh;&NkUnksX;&c`gnkj.;d&'osrk'orjk[;k% osnkUrkpk;kZ.kka
VhdkfHk% ifjef.Mrk% lfUrA
vk|k;ke~ bZ'kkokL;ksifu"kfn ^bZ'kk/hua txRloZe*~ bfr izfrik| HkxoniZ.kcq¼;~ k Hkksxks fufnZ';rsA
bZ'kksifu"kfn ^txR;ka txr~* bfr dFkusu leLrczãk.ML; ;k xR;kRedrk fu:firk lk
vkèkqfudxos"k.kkfHkjfi lR;kfirkA lrra ifjorZekuk czãk.Mxrk pyuLoHkkok ;k l`f"V%&i'kwuka
izkf.kuka] rst%iq×tkuka] unhuka] rjÄõk.kka] ok;ks% ok_ ;k p fLFkjRosu voyksD;ekuk l`f"V%&ioZrkuka]
fo|;k¿e`re'uqrs 9
o`{kk.kka] Hkouknhuka ok lk lokZ vfi l`f"V% bZ'ojk/huk lrh pyRLoHkkok ,oA bZ'ojL; foHkwR;k
lokZ vfi l`f"V% ifjiw.kkZ pyRLoHkkok p pdkLrsA rnqDra Hkxon~xhrk;ke~&
;|f}HkwfreRlÙoa JhenwftZreso ok A
rÙknsokoxPN Roa ee rstks¿a 'klEHkoe~ AA bfr AA
Hkxon~xhrk&10-41
mifu"kRizLFkkujgL;a fo|k;k vfo|k;k'p leUo;eq[ksu v=k mn~?kkfVrefLrA ;s tuk
vfo|kinokP;s"kq ;K;kxkfndeZlq] HkkSfrd&'kkL=ks"kq] ykSfdds"kq Kkus"kq nSufUnulq[klk/ul×p;ukFk±
layXuekulk HkofUr rs ykSfddhe~ mÂ¯r izkIuqoUR;so_ fdUrq rs"kka rs"kka tukuke~ vkè;kfReoaQ cye~]
vUrLlÙoa ok fuLlkja HkofrA ;s rq fo|kinokP;s vkReKkus ,o osQoya layXueul% HkofUr]
HkkSfrdKkuL; lk/ulkexzh.kka p frjLdkja oqQoZfUr rs thoufuokZg]s ykSfdosQ¿H;qn;s p Dys'keuqHkofUrA
vr ,o vfo|;k HkkSfrdKkujkf'kfHk% ekuodY;k.kdkjhf.k thou;k=kklEikndkfu oLrwfu
lEizkI; fo|;k vkReKkusu&bZ'ojKkusu tUee`R;qn%q [kjfgre~ ve`rRoa izkIuksfrA fo|k;k vfo|k;k'p
Kkusu ,o bg yksosQ lq[ka ij=k p ve`rRofefr dY;k.kha okpe~ mifn'kfr mifu"kr~ ^vfo|;k
e`R;qa rhRokZ fo|;k¿e`re'uqrs* bfrA
ikBÔka'ksu lg HkkolkE;a i;kZyksp;r&
fu;ra oqQ# deZ Roa deZ T;k;ks¿ádeZ.k%A
'kjhj;k=kkfi p rs u izfl¼~;sndeZ.k% AA Hkxon~xhrk&3-8
v'kCneLi'kZe:ieO;;a rFkk¿jla fuR;exUèkoPp ;r~A
vuk|uUra egr% ija èkzqoa fupkÕ; rUe`R;qeq[kkRizeqP;rsAA dBksifu"kr~&3-15
dBksifu"kfn izfrikfnra Js;% izs;'p vf/ÑR; lÄ~x`Êhr&
fnÄ~ek=ka ;Fkk&
Js;'p isz;'p euq";esrLrkS
laijhR; fofoufDr /hj%A
Js;ks fg /hjks¿fHkizs;lks o`.khrs
izs;ks eUnks ;ksx{ksekr~ o`.khrsAA
dBksifu"kr~&2-2
10 'kk'orh
fofo/klq mifu"kRlq izfrikfnrke~ vkReizkfIrfo"k;dftKklka fo'kn;r&

uk;ekRek izopusu yH;ks
u esèk;k u cgquk JqrsuA
;esoS"k o`.kqrs rsu yH;LrL;S"k
vkRek foo`.kqrs ruwa Loke~AA
dBksifu"kr~&2-23
oSfndLojk%
oSfndeU=ks"kq mPpkj.kn`"V~;k f=kfoèkkuka ^Lojk.kka* iz;ksxks HkofrA eU=kk.kke~ vFkZefèkÑR; fpUrua
izÑfrizR;;;ks% ;ksxa] lekla okfJR; HkofrA r=k vFkZfuèkkZj.ks Lojk egÙow.kkZ HkofUrA ^mPpS#nkÙk%*
ûhpSjuqnkÙk%* ^lekgkj% Lofjr%* bfr ikf.kuh;kuq'kklukuq:ie~ mnkÙkLoj% rkYokfnLFkkus"kq mifjHkkxs
mPpkj.kh;%] vuqnkÙkLoj% rkYoknhuka uhpS% LFkkus"kq] mHk;ks% Loj;ks% lekgkj:is.k (leizèkkuRosu)
Lofjr mPPkkj.kh; bfr mPpkj.kØe%A oSfnd'kCnkuka fuoZpukFk± izoÙ` ks fu#Drk[;s xzUFks ikf.kuh;f'k{kk;ka
p LojL; egÙoe~ bRFkeqDre~&
eU=kks ghuLLojrks o.kZrks ok
feF;kiz;qDrks u reFkZekgA
l okXotzks ;tekua fgufLr
;FksUnz'k=kqLLojrks¿ijk/kr~AA
eU=kk% Lojlfgrk% mPpkj.kh;k bfr ijEijkA vr% LofjrLoj% v{kjk.kke~ mifj fpÉsu] vuqnkÙkLoj%
v{kjk.kka uhpS% fpÉsu] mnkÙkLoj% fdefi fpÉa fouk p eU=kk.kka iBu&lkSd;kZFk± izn';ZrsA
f}rh;% ikB%
j?kqdkSRllaokn%
izLrqr ikBÔka'k egkdfo dkfynkl }kjk fojfpr j?kqoa'k egkdkO; osQ i×pe lxZ ls ladfyr gSA
blesa egkjkt j?kq ,oa ojrUrq ½f"k osQ f'k"; dkSRl uked czãpkjh osQ eè; lkosQr uxjh esa
gqvk laokn of.kZr gSA
dkSRl osn] iqjk.k] osnkÄõ] n'kZu vkfn 14 fo|kvksa dk vè;;u lekIr djosQ xq#nf{k.kk
nsus dh bPNk ls vius xq# ojrUrq ls ckj&ckj xq#nf{k.kk ysus dh izkFkZuk djrk gSA xq# }kjk
xq#HkfDr dks gh xq#nf{k.kk :i esa ekuus ij Hkh dkSRl dh fujUrj izkFkZuk ls #"V gksdj ojrUrq
mls xq#nf{k.kk osQ :i esa 14 djksM+ Lo.kZeqnzk;sa nsus dh vkKk nsrs gSaA
dkSRl fo'oftr~ uked ;K esa loZLo nku dj pqosQ egkjkt j?kq osQ ikl xq#nf{k.kk osQ
fy, èku ek¡xus vkrk gSA egkjkt j?kq /uifr oqQcsj ij vkØe.k djus dh ;kstuk cukrs gSaA
Hk;Hkhr oqQcsj j?kq osQ dks"kkxkj esa lqo.kZ&o`f"V dj nsrs gSaA j?kq dkSRl dks /u iznku dj lUrq"V
gksrs gSa vkSj dkSRl Hkh xq# dks nsus osQ fy, xq#nf{k.kk izkIr dj lUrq"V gks tkrs gSaA
izLrqr ikBÔka'k ls ;g lUns'k feyrk gS fd 'kkld dks loZlk/kj.k tu osQ izfr mnkj ,oa
dY;k.kdkjh gksuk pkfg, rFkk ;kpd dks viuh vko';drk ls vf/d izkIr djus dh bPNk
ugha j[kuh pkfg,A
12 'kk'orh
reèojs fo'oftfr f{krh'ka

fu%'ks"kfoJkf.krdks"ktkre~ A
mikÙkfo|ks xq#nf{k.kkFkhZ
dkSRl% izins s ojrUrqf'k";% AA1AA
l eÙe;s ohrfgj.e;Rokr~
ik=ks fu/k;k?;Zeu?kZ'khy% A
Jqrizdk'ka ;'klk izdk'k%
izR;qTtxkekfrfFkekfrFks;% AA2AA
repZf;Rok fof/of}f/K%
riks/ua eku/ukxz;k;h A
fo'kkaifrfoZ"VjHkktekjkr~
Ñrk×tfy% ÑR;fofnR;qokp AA3AA
j?kqdkSRllaokn% 13
vI;xz.kheZU=kÑrke`"kh.kka
oqQ'kkxzc¼ q s oqQ'kyh xq#Lrs A
;rLRo;k Kkue'ks"kekIra
yksoQs u pSrU;feoks".kj'es% AA4AA
rokgZrks ukfHkxesu rÌra
euks fu;ksxfØ;;ksRlqoQa es A
vI;kK;k 'kkflrqjkReuk ok
izkIrks¿fl lEHkkof;rqa oukUeke~ AA5AA
bR;?;Zik=kkuqferO;;L;
j?kks#nkjkefi xka fu'kE; A
LokFkksiZ ifÙka izfr nqcy
Z k'k&
LrfeR;oksp}jrUrqf'k";% AA6AA
loZ=k uks okrZeosfg jktu~!~
ukFks oqQrLRoÕ;'kqHka iztkuke~ A
lw;Zs riR;koj.kk; n`"Vs%
dYisr yksdL; dFka rfeÏk AA7AA
'kjhjek=ks.k ujsUnz fr"Bu~
vkHkkfl rhFkZifz rikfnrf¼Z% A
vkj.;dksikÙkiQyizlfw r%
LrEcsu uhokj bokof'k"V% AA8AA
rnU;rLrkonuU;dk;ksZ
xqoFZ kZekgrqeZ ga ;fr";s A
LoLR;Lrq rs fuxZfyrkEcqxHk±
'kjn~?kua uknZfr pkrdks¿fi AA9AA
14 'kk'orh
,rkonqDRok izfr;krqdkea
f'k";a eg"ksuZ iZ` frfuZf"kè; A
¯d oLrq fo}u~! xqjos izn; s a
Ro;k fd;}sfr reUo;qƒ AA10AA
rrks ;Fkkof}fgrkèojk;
rLeS Le;kos'kfooftZrk; A
o.kkZJek.kka xqjos l o.khZ
fop{k.k% izLrqrekpp{ks AA11AA
lekIrfo|su e;k egf"kZ&
foZKkfirks¿Hkwnx~ #q nf{k.kk;S A
l es fpjk;kL[kfyrksipkjka
rka HkfDresokx.k;RiqjLrkr~ AA12AA
fucZU/l×tkr#"kkFkZdk';Z&
efpUrf;Rok xq#.kkgeqDr% A
foÙkL; fo|kifjla[;;k es
dksVh'prÏks n'k pkgjsfr AA13AA
bRFka f}tsu f}tjktdkfUr&
jkosfnrks osnfonka ojs.k A
,uksfuo`ÙksfUnz;o`fÙkjsua
txkn Hkw;ks txnsdukFk% AA14AA
xqoFZ kZeFkhZ Jqrikjn`'ok
j?kks% ldk'kknuokI; dkee~ A
xrks onkU;kUrjfeR;;a es
ek HkwRijhoknuokorkj% AA15AA
j?kqdkSRllaokn% 15
l Roa iz'kLrs efgrs enh;s

ola'prqFkks¿Z fXufjokXU;xkjs A
f}=kk.;gkU;gZfl lks<eq gZu&~
;ko|rs lk/f;rqa RonFkZe~ AA16AA
rFksfr rL;kforFka izrhr%
izR;xzghRlÄõjexztUek A
xkekÙklkjka j?kqjI;os{;
fu"Ø"VqeFk± pdes oqQcsjkr~ AA17AA
izkr% iz;k.kkfHkeq[kk; rLeS
lfoLe;k% dks"kx`gs fu;qDrk% A
fgj.e;ha dks"kx`gL; eè;s
o`f"Va 'k'kal%q ifrrka uHkLr% AA18AA
ra HkwifrHkkZljq gsejkf'ka
yC/a oqQcsjknfHk;kL;ekukr~ A
fnns'k dkSRlk; leLreso
ikna lqejs ksfjo otzfHkUue~ AA19AA
tuL; lkosQrfuokfluLrkS
}koI;HkwrkefHkuU|lÙokS A
xq#izn;s kf/dfu%Li`gks¿FkhZ
uìks¿fFkZdkeknf/dizn'p AA20AA
16 'kk'orh
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
fo'oftfr vèojs & fo'oftr~ uked ;K esaA
dks"ktkre~ & /u lewgA lEiw.kZ /ujkf'kA
foJkf.kre~ & iznÙk_ nku esa fn;k gqvkA fo $ J.kq (nkus) $ Dr_ nÙke~A
mikÙkfo|% & fo|k dks izkIr fd;k gqvkA fo|klEiÂA
xq#nf{k.kkFkhZ & xq#nf{k.kk nsus dh bPNk ls izkFkZuk djus okykA
izisns & igq¡pkA iz $ in~ (xrkS) fyV~ $ iz-iq- ,dopu
e`.e;s & fe^h osQ cus gq,A e`r~ $ e;V~A
ohrfgj.e;Rokr~ & lksus osQ cus gq, ik=kksa osQ u jgus lsA fgj.;L; fodkj% ¾ fgj.e;e~A
fo $ b.k~ $ DrA
fuèkk; & j[kdjA laLFkkI;A fu $ /k $ Y;i~A
v?;Ze~ & v?kZ fufeÙkd nzO;A v?kkZFkZe~ ;ksX;e~ bna nzO;e~ v?kZ $ ;r~A
vu?kZ'khy% & vlk/kj.k vkpkjoku~A eguh; LoHkkookykA vewY;LoHkko%] vlkèkkj.k&
LoHkkoks okA u×k~ $ v?kZ%A vewY;e~A
Jqrizdk'ka & osnkfn 'kkL=kksa osQ vè;;u ls izfl¼A Jqr ¾ 'kkL=kA Jqrsu izdk'k%A
re~A
Jqre~ & osnkfn 'kkL=kA Jw;rs bfr Jqra&osnkfn'kkL=ke~A Jq $ DrA
izR;qTtxke & ikl mBdj x;kA izfr $ mr~ $ xe~ $ fyV~A izFkeiq#"k ,dopuA
vkfrFks;% & vfrfFk lRdkj djus okykA vfrFk;s lk/q%A vfrfFk $ <×k~A
vpZf;Rok & iwtu djosQA vp~Z (iwtk;ka) $ f.kp~ $ DRokA LokFksZ f.kp~A
fof/or~ & 'kkL=kksDr fu;eksa osQ vuq:iA ;Fkk'kkL=ke~A fof/ $ or~A
fof/K% & 'kkL=kKA 'kkL=k fu;eksa osQ osÙkkA
riksèkua & ½f"k dksA ftldk ri gh /u gSA ri% /ua ;L;A cgqchz fg leklA
eku/ukxz;k;h & vkRe xkSjo dks gh /u ekuus okyksa esa vxzx.; @ vxzsljA
fo'kkEifr% & jktkA fo'k~ ¾ iztkA ifr ¾ LokehA
fo"VjHkktke~ & vklu ij @ ihB ij cSBs gq,A fo"Vje~ ¾ vklue~ vFkok ihBe~A
j?kqdkSRllaokn% 17
vkjkr~ & lehi esaA nwj vkSj lehi nksuksa vFkks± esa ^vkjkr~* in dk
iz;ksx gksrk gSA vO;;A
ÑR;for~ & vius drZO; ,oa mÙkjnkf;Ro dks le>us okykA Ñ $ ;r~ $
fon~ $ fDoi~A
mokp & op (ifjHkk"k.ks) /krq] fyV~] izFke iq#"k] ,dopuA
eU=kÑrke~ & eU=knz"Vkvksa esaA euu djus okyksa esaA fpUru djus okyksa esaA
izFke vFkZ esa Ñ&/krq dk vFkZ gS ^n'kZu* u fd fuekZ.kA
½"k;ks eU=knz"Vkj%A
oqQ'kkxzcq¼s & gs lw{en'khZ ! oqQ'kL; vxz oqQ'kkxza oqQ'kkxzfeo cqf¼;ZL; l%
oqQ'kkxzh;e~A rRlEcks/ue~A oqQ'k ,d fo'ks"k izdkj dh rh[kh
ukasd okyh ?kkl gksrh gS ftldk mi;ksx ;K&;kxkfn esa fd;k
tkrk gSA
v'ks"ke~ & lEiw.kZA vfo|eku% 'ks"k% ;fLeu~ rr~A u $ 'ks"ke~A 'ks"k u
jgus rdA
yksosQu & yksxksa lsA lewgokph inA
m".kjf'e% & lw;ZA m".k% jf'e% ;L; l%A cgqozhfg leklA
vkIre~ & izkIr fd;k x;kA vkIy` (O;kIrkS) $ DrA
vgZr% & iz'kalk osQ ;ksX; dkA vg~Z (iwtk;ke~) $ 'kr`] "k"Bh ,dopuA
vgZ~&èkkrq ls îz'kalk* osQ vFkZ esa gh 'kr` izR;; gksrk gSA
vfHkxesu & vkxeu lsA
rÌre~ & lUrq"VA rì~ (izh.kus) $ DrA
fu;ksxfØ;;k & vkKk lsA
mRlqoaQ & mRdf.BrA
lEHkkof;rqe~ & ÑrkFkZ djus osQ fy,A le~ $ Hkw $ f.kp~ $ rqequ~A
v?;Zik=kkuqferO;;L; & (e`.e;) v?;Zik=k ls gh ftlosQ lEiw.kZ /u osQ O;; gks
tkus dk irk yxrk gS mldkA v?;ZL; ik=ke~A v?;Zik=ks.k
vuqfer% O;;% ;L; l%A rL; ¾ j?kks%A
xke~ & ok.kh dksA xks 'kCn vusdkFkZd gSA bl LFkku ij ok.kh dk
okpd gSA
18 'kk'orh
fu'kE; & lqudjA fu $ 'ke~ $ Y;i~A

LokFkksZiifÙke~ & vius iz;kstu (dk;Z) dh flf¼ dksA ;gk¡ vFkZ 'kCn iz;kstu
okpd gSA
nqcZyk'k% & fujk'k gksrs gq,_ f'kfFky euksjFk gksrs gq,A nqcZyk vk'kk ;L;
l%A
vokspr~ & cksykA op~ $ (ifjHkk"k.ks) yÄ~ izFkeiq#"k] ,dopuA
okrZe~ & oqQ'kyrk] uhjksxrkA ôkr±] LokLF;e~] vkjksX;e~] vuke;e~* bfr
i;kZ;inkfuA
vosfg & tkuksA vo $ bfg (b.k~ xrkS) yksV~ eè;eiq#"k ,dopuA
lw;sZ rifr (lfr) & lw;Z osQ izdk'keku gksus ijA lrh lIreh iz;ksxA rifr & ri
$ 'kr` lIreh foHkfDr ,dopu (iqa-)
dFka dYisr & oSQls i;kZIr gksxk (leFkZ ugha gksxk) Dyì~ (lkeF;sZ) fofèk
fyÄ~A izFke iq#"k ,dopuA
rfeÏk & vUèkdkj lewgA ^rfeÏk rq reLrrkS*A
'kjhjek=ks.k & osQoy 'kjhj lsA osQoya 'kjhja 'kjhjek=ke~A ek=kp~ izR;;A
vkHkkfLk & lq'kksfHkr gks jgs gksA vk $ Hkk (nhIrkS) yV~ eè;e iq#"k
,dopuA
rhFkZizfrikfnrfèkZ% & lRik=kksa dks lkjh lEifÙk nku djus okysA rhFksZ&lRik=ks
izfrikfnrk&nÙkk ½f¼%&le`f¼% (lEir~) ;su l%A
vkj.;dk% & vj.; esa fuokl djus okys eqfutu vkfn vj.;s Hkok%
vkj.;dk%A
LrEcsu & MkaB (MaBy) ek=k lsA r`rh;k foHkfDr ,dopuA
uhokj% & èkkU; fo'ks"kA taxy esa Lor% mRiUu gqvk èkkU; fo'ks"kA
vuU;dk;Z% & ftls fufnZ"V mís'; osQ vfrfjDr vU; dk;Z u gksA iz;kstukUrj&
jfgr%A u fo|rs vU;dk;± ;L; l%A vU;Pp rr~ dk;Z×p
vU;dk;Ze~A
vkgrqZe~ & xzg.k djus osQ fy;sA vk $ â (gj.ks) $ rqe~A
;fr";s & iz;Ru d:¡xkA ;rh (iz;Rus) $ y`V~ mÙke iq#"k cgqopuA
j?kqdkSRllaokn% 19
fuxZfyrkEcqxHk± & ftlosQ xHkZ ls ty fudy pqdk gksA vECoso xHkZ% vEcqxHkZ%A
fuxZfyr% vEcqxHkZ% ;Lekr~ l%A
'kjn~/ue~ & 'kjr~ dkfyd es?kA
uknZfr & ;kpuk ugha djrk gSA u $ vnZfrA vn~Z (xrkS ;kpus p) yV~
izFke iq#"k ,dopuA
pkrd% & iihgk (i{kh fo'ks"k) pkrd i{khA
izfr;krqdkee~ & ykSV tkus dh bPNk okys dksA izfr;krqa dke% ;L; l% re~A
izfr $ ;k (izki.ks) $ rqe~A ^rqadkeeulksjfi* bl vuq'kklu
ls ^rqe~* izR;; osQ edkj dk yksi gksrk gSA
fuf"kè; & fuokj.k djA fuok;ZA fu $ f"kèk~ (xR;ke~) $ Y;i~A
izns;e~ & nsus ;ksX;A iz $ nk (nkus) $ ;r~A
fd;r~ & fdrukA ¯d ifjek.ke~\A
vUo;qÄ~Dr & iwNkA vuq $ ;qt~ $ yÄ~ izFke iq#"k ,dopuA v;qÄ~Dr
v;q×tkrke~ v;q×trA
;Fkkor~ & fof/or~A 'kkL=kksa osQ fu;ekuq:iA
Le;kos'kfooftZrk; & tks xoZ osQ vkos'k ls oftZr gksA xokZfHkfuos'k'kwU;k;A Le;% ¾
xoZ%A
o.khZ & czãpkjhA o.kZ $ bu~A
vkpp{ks & dgus yxk FkkA vk $ pf{kÄ~ (O;Drk;ka okfp) fyV~ izFkeiq#"k
,dopuA
xqjos & fu;ked dksA iztkuka fu;kedk;A
xq#nf{k.kk;S & xq#nf{k.kk Lohdkj djus gsrqA
fpjk; & fpjdky ls (cgqr o"kks± ls@cgqr fnuksa ls)A ;g ,d vO;;
gS ftl osQ vUr esa ukuk foHkfDr;ksa osQ :i fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSaA
tSls fpje~] fpjkr~] fpjL;A ;s LkHkh lekukFkZd gSaA
vx.k;r~ & fxu fy;kA x.k~ (la[;kus) $ f.kp~ $ yÄ~A pqjkfn x.kA
iqjLrkr~ & lc ls igysA vO;;A
fucZUèksu & ckj ckj izkFkZuk fd;s tkus lsA izkFkZukfr'k;suA
20 'kk'orh
vFkZdk';Ze~ & vFkZ ladV] nkfjn~z;A

vfpUrf;Rok & fcuk lkspsA u×k~ $ fprh (laKkus) $ f.kp~ $ RokA
fo|kifjlÄ~[;;k & fo|k dh x.kuk (la[;k) osQ vuqlkjA
vkgj & ykvksA vk $ â $ yksV~A eè;e iq#"k ,dopuA
,uksfuo`ÙksfUnz;o`fÙk% & ftrsfUnz;A ikiksa ls fuo`Ùk bfUnz; o`fÙk okysA ,u% ¾ iki]
vijkèkA
txkn & dgkA xn~ (O;Drk;ka okfp) $ fyV~A izFkeiq#"k ,dopuA
Jqrikjn`'ok & 'kkL=kK] 'kkL=keeZKA JqrL; ikja n`"Voku~A Jqr $ ikj $ n`'k~
$ ‡fui~A
ldk'kkr~ & ikl lssA vO;;A
onkU;kUrje~ & nwljs nkrkA onkU;% ¾ nkuhA vU;% onkU;% onkU;kUrje~A
ekHkwr~ & u gksosA ekÄ~ $ vHkwr~A
ijhokn% & fuUnkA îfjokn* 'kCn Hkh fuUnkFkZd gSA
olu~ & jgrs gq,A ol~ (fuokls) $ 'krÀ izFkek foHkfDr] ,dopuA
prqFkZ% vfXu% bo & pkSFkh vfXu tSlkA nf{k.kkfXu] xkgZiR;kfXu vkSj vkgouh;kfXu
uke ls vfXu osQ rhu izdkj gSaA
vXU;xkjs & vfXu'kkyk esaA ;K'kkyk esaA
RonFk± lkèkf;rqa ;ko|rs & rqEgkjk iz;kstu iwjk djus osQ fy, ;Ru d:¡xkA ro $ vFkZe~]
¾ RonFkZe~ ;kor~ $ ;rsA ^;fr";s* bl vFkZ esa ^;rs* dk
iz;ksxA ;rh (iz;Rus) $ yV~] vkReusinhA mÙkeiq#"k ,dopuA
vforFke~ & lR;A forFke~ ¾ feF;k] u forFke~ ¾ vforFke~A
lÄõje~ & izfrKk dksA ^laÄõj* ukukFkZd 'kCn gSA
xke~ & Hkwfe dksA vusdkFkZd 'kCnA
pdes & bPNk dhA de~ (dkUrkS)] fyV~] vkReusinh] izFke iq#"k ,dopuA
dks"kx`gs & [ktkus esaA ^dks'kx`g* in Hkh izpkj esa gSA
'k'kalq% & dgk FkkA dFk;keklq%A 'kal~ $ fyV~ izFke iq#"k cgqopuA
uHkLr% & vkdk'k dh vksj lsA uHkl~ $ rfly~A vO;;A
j?kqdkSRllaokn% 21
Hkklqje~ & pedrs gq,A pedhykA HkkLoje~A

vfHk;kL;ekukr~ & vkØe.k fd;s tkus okys (oqQcsj ls)A vfHk $ ;k (izki.ks)
$ y`V~ (deZf.k) ;o~Q $ 'kkup~A vfHkxfe";ek.kkr~A
fnns'k & ns fn;kA fn'k~ (vfrltZus) fyV~ izFke iq#"k ,dopuA
lqesjks% & lqes# ioZr dkA iqjk.kksa osQ vuqlkj ;g Lo.kZe; ioZr gSA
otzfHkUue~ & otzk;q/ ls dVk gqvkA ôtz* bUnz dk vk;qèk gSA mlus otzk;qèk
ls ioZrksa osQ ia[k dkV fn;s] ,slh ikSjkf.kd dFkk gSA
ikne~ & fxfjikn%A rygVhA izR;UrioZrfeo fLFkre~A
vfHkuU|lÙokS & iz'kaluh; O;ogkj okys (nksuksa)A vfHkuU|a lÙoa ;;ks% rkSA
xq#izns;kf/dfu%Li`g% & xq# dks nsus ls vf/d nzO; dks ysus esa bPNk u j[kus okyk
(vFkh±)
vfèkdizn% & vf/d nsus okykA vf/oaQ iznnkfr bfrA
lkosQrfuokflu% & v;ksè;k osQ fuoklh yksxA lkosQr $ fuokl $ bu~A "k"Bh
foHkfDr ,dopuA
vH;kl%
1- laLÑrHkk"k;k mÙkja fy[kr&
(d) dkSRl% dL; f'k"; vklhr~\
([k) j?kq% de~ vèoje~ vuqfr"Bfr Le\
(x) dkSRl% fdeFk± j?kqa izki\
(?k) eU=kÑrke~ vxz.kh% d% vklhr~\
(Ä) rhFkZizfrikfnrf¼Z% ujsUnz% dFkfeo vkHkkfr Le\
(p) pkrdks¿fi oaQ u ;kprs\
(N) dkSRlL; xq#% xq#nf{k.kkRosu fd;¼ua ns;fefr vkfnns'k\
(t) j?kq% dLekr~ ijhoknkr~ Hkhr% vklhr~\
(>) dLekr~ vFk± fu"Ø"Vqe~ j?kq% pdes\
(×k) fgj.e;ha o`¯"V osQ 'k'kalq%\
(V) dkS vfHkuU|lÙokS vHkwrke~\
22 'kk'orh
2- dks"Bdkr~ leqfpra ineknk; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) ;'klk ------------------------- vfrfFka izR;qTtxkeA (izdk'k%] Ñ".k%] vkfrFks;%)
([k) eku/ukxz;k;h ------------------------- riksèkue~ mokpA (fo'kkEifr%] vÑrk×tfy%] dkSRl%)
(x) oqQ'kkxzcq¼s! ------------------------- oqQ'kyhA (rs f'k";%] rs xq#%] vxz.kh%)
(?k) gs jktu~ loZ=k ------------------------- vosfgA (nq%[ke~] okrZe~] vlq[ke~)
(Ä) LrEcsu vof'k"V% ------------------------- bo vkHkkflA (èkkU;e~] uhokj%] o`{k%)
(p) gs fo}u~! ------------------------- xqjos fd;r~ izns;e~A (Ro;k] e;k] yksosQu)
(N) ------------------------- vfpUrf;Rok xq#.kk vgeqDr% ('kjhjDys'ke~] vFkZdk';Ze]~ jksxDys'ke~)
3- vèkksfyf[krkuka lizlÄaõ fgUnhHkk"k;k O;k[;k dk;kZ&

(d) dksVh'prÏks n'k pkgjA
([k) ekHkwRijhoknuokorkj%A
(x) f}=kk.;gkU;gZfl lks<qegZu~A
(?k) fu"Ø"VqeFk± pdes oqQcsjkr~A
(Ä) fnns'k dkSRlk; leLresoA
4- vèkksfyf[krs"kq fjDrLFkkus"kq fo'ks"; fo'ks"k.kinkfu ikBÔka'kkr~ fpRok fy[kr&

(d) ------------------------- vèojsA
([k) ------------------------- dks"ktkre~A
(x) ------------------------- vuqferO;;L;A
(?k) ------------------------- iQyizlwfr%A
(Ä) ------------------------- fooftZrk;A
5- foxzg iwoZoaQ lekluke fufnZ'kr&

(d) mikÙkfo|% ([k) riks/u%a
(x) ojrUrqf'k";% (?k) egf"kZ%
(Ä) fofgrkèojk; (p) txnsdukFk%
(N) uìfr% (t) vuokI;
j?kqdkSRllaokn% 23
6- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka leqfpra ;kstua oqQ#r&

(v) (vk)
(d) rs (1) prqnZ'k
([k) prÏ% n'k p (2) xq#nf{k.kkFkhZ
(x) vL[kfyrksipkjka (3) vgkfu
(?k) pSrU;e~ (4) LofLr vLrq
(Ä) dkSRl% (5) izcksèk% izdk'kks ok
(p) f}=kkf.k (6) HkfDre~
(d) vFkhZ ([k) e`.e;e~ (x) 'kkflrq% (?k) vof'k"V% (Ä) mDRok (p) izLrqre~
(N) mDr% (t) vokI; (>) yCèke~ (×k) vos{;A
8- foHkfDr&fyÄõ&opukfnfunsZ'kiwoZoaQ inifjp;a oqQ#r&

(d) tuL; ([k) }kS (x) rkS (?k) lqesjks% (Ä) izkr% (p) ldk'kkr~ (N) es
(t) Hkw;% (>) foÙkL; (×k) xq#.kk
9- vèkksfyf[krkuka fØ;kinkuke~ vU;s"kq iq#"kopus"kq :ikf.k fy[kr&

(d) vxzghr~ ([k) fnns'k (x) vHkwr~ (?k) txkn (Ä) mRlgrs (p) vnZfr
(N) ;kprs (t) vokspr~
10- vèkksfyf[krkuka inkuka foykse inkfu fy[kr&

(d) fu%'ks"ke~ ([k) vlÑr~ (x) mnkjke~ (?k) v'kqHke~ (Ä) leLre~
11- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka okD;s"kq iz;ksxa oqQ#r&

(d) uì% ([k) vFkhZ (x) Hkklqje~ (?k) o`f"V% (Ä) foÙke~ (p) onkU;% (N) f}tjkt%
(t) xoZ% (>) ?ku% (×k) okrZe~
24 'kk'orh
12- v/ksfyf[krkuke~ vUo;a oqQ#r&

(d) l e`.e;s ohrfgj.e;Rokr~ ------------------------- vkfrFks;%A
([k) lekIrfo|su e;k egf"kZ% ------------------------- iqjLrkr~A
(x) l Roa iz'kLrs efgrs enh;s ------------------------- RonFkZe~A
13- vèkksfyf[krs"kq iz;qDrkuke~ vyÄïjk.kka funsZ'ka oqQ#r&

(d) ^;rLRo;k Kkue'ks"kekIra yksosQu
pSrU;feoks".kj'es%*AA
([k) 'kjhjek=ks.k ujsUnz! fr"BÂ Hkkfl ------------------------- bokof'k"V%AA
(x) ra HkwifrHkkZlqjgsejkf'ka ------------------------- otzfHkÂe~AA
14- vèkksfyf[krs"kq NUn% fufnZ';rke~&

(d) reèojs fo'oftfr f{krh'ka ------------------------- ojrUrqf'k";%AA
([k) xqoZFkZeFkhZ Jqrikjn`'ok ------------------------- uokorkj%AA
(x) l Roa iz'kLrs efgrs ------------------------- RonFkZe~AA
15- ^j?kq&dkSRllaokna* ljylaLÑrHkk"k;k Lodh;S% okD;S% fo'kn;rA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
dkfynklh;k dkO;'kSyh lân;kuka euks furjka j×t;frA izfregkdkO;a lqyfyrS% lqeèkqj%S izlknxq.kHkfjrS%
p 'kCnlUnHkSZ% euksgkfj.k% laoknku~ dfo% lek;kst;frA r=k ân;Äõek% ifjljlfUuos'kk%
vkJeksioukn;%] yrkxqYekn;%] 'kqd&fid&e;wj&ejUn&gfj.kkn;% LoHkkoje.kh;k% dfouk fp=;UrsA
rkn`'kk% laoknk% dkfynklh;egkdkO;;ks% lUR;usosQA ;Fkk&j?kqoa'ks ,o f}rh;lxsZ ¯lg&fnyhi;ks%
laokns&
^vya eghiky ro Jes.k iz;qDreI;L=kferks o`Fkk L;kr~A
u ikniksUewyu'kfDrjag% f'kyksPp;s ewPNZfr ek#rL;AA**
j?kqoa'ke~ 2-34
lEcUèkekHkk"k.kiwoZekgqoZ̀Ùk% l ukS lÄõr;ksoZukUrsA
rn~HkwrukFkkuqx! ukgZfl Roa lEcfU/uks es iz.k;a fogUrqe~AA
j?kqoa'ke~ 2-58
j?kqdkSRllaokn% 25
dkfynkl% miekyÄïkjfiz;%A rL; losZ"kq dkO;s"kq miek;k% ân;gkjhf.k mnkgj.kkfu yH;UrsA ;Fkk&
oU;o`fÙkfjeka 'k'onkRekuqxeusu xke~A
fo|keH;lususo izlknf;rqegZflAA
j?kqoa'ke~ 1-88
v?;Ze~ & v?;Ze~ bfr insu vfrfFklRdkjkFk± lÄ~xkz áa nzO;e~ vfHk/h;rsA Hkkjrh;k;ke~ vfrfFklRdkj
ijEijk;ke~ ,rs"kka nzO;k.kka furjka egÙoa orZrsA rkfu nzO;kf.k nwjknkxrL; vfrfFktuL;
v?oJee~ viusraq leFkkZfu_ vr ,o rkfu v?;ZnzO;s"kq LFkkua HktUrsA v?kZL;] v?;ZL;
ok nzO;kf.k rq & nwokZ] v{krkfu] l"kZ;k%] iq"ikf.k lqxU/hfu] pUnukfnlqxfU/nzO;kf.k]
Loknq 'khrya ty×pA v?kZ% v?;± ok vfrFkhuke~ mipkjkFk±] vknjkFk± ok fo/h;r bfr
;kKoyD;% izkgA r|Fkk&
^nwokZ l"kZiiq"ik.kka nÙok?k± iw.kZe×tfye~* bfrA
fo|k & izkphudkys prqnZ'k fo|k% ikB~;Urs LeA rk% Le`fr"kq mfYyf[krk% lfUrA r|Fkk
vÄkõ fu osnk'pRokjks ehekalk U;k;foLrj%A

iqjk.ka /eZ'kkL=ka p fo|k ásrk'prqnZ'kAA
f'k{kk] O;kdj.ka] NUn%] fu#Dra] T;kSfr"ka] dYi% bfr "kV~ osnkÄõkfu_ ½o~Q] lke]
;tq%] vFkoZ.k bfr pRokjks osnk%A osnkFkZfopkjk; izoÙ` ka ehekalk'kkL=ke~] U;k;foLrj'kCnsu
Kk;ekuk vkUohf{kdh] n.Muhfr%] okrkZ] p_ v"Vkn'k&iqjk.kfu_ èkeZ'kkL=k×p prqnZ'k&
fo|klq vUrHkZofUrA
eU=k% & eU=k bfr ina êf=k* (xqIrHkk"k.ks) /krks% ?k×k~ izR;;s Ñrs fu"iÂ%] ½f"kfHk% n`"Vkuke~
vkuqiwokZiz/kukuke~ ½X;tqLlkekFkokZ[;kuka lkekU;su cksèkde~A izR;soaQ osns vUrxZrkuka
eU=kk.kka cksèkdr;k fHkÂk% fHkÂk% 'kCnk% iz;qT;UrsA osQoye~ ½Ä~eU=k.kka Ñrs ^½p*
bfr lkeeU=kk.kka ^lkekfu* bfr] ;tqeZU=kk.kka ^;twaf"k* bfr vFkoZeU=kk.kka ^vkFkokZ* bfr
p laKkA
KkukFkZdkr~ êu~* /krks% vfi eU=k'kCnL; O;qRifÙka izn'kZ;fUrA è;kukoLFkk;ka eU=kku~
½"k;% vi';u~ bfr dkj.kkr~ rs êU=knz"Vkj* bR;qP;UrsA loZnk euua oqQoZfUr] è;kueXuk
HkofUr bfr dkj.kkr~ ½"k;% eU=kÑr bR;fi mP;UrsA
26 'kk'orh
cgqHkk"kkKkue~ & vèkksfyf[krkuke~ vU;Hkk"kk'kCnkuka lekukFkZdkfu inkfu ikBs vUos"VO;kfu

estcku (Host) vxokuh (to receive) ftn (insistance)
fof'k"VokD;fuekZ.kdkS'kye~
^lw;sZ rifr dFka rfeÏk*&,rRln`'kkfu okD;kfu fuesZ;kfu
1- lw;sZ vLre~ ------------------------- (xe~) pUnz mnsfrA
2- ef; ekxsZ ------------------------- (LFkk) ;kue~ vkxre~A
3- rfLeu~ ------------------------- (izPN~) vge~ mÙkje~ v;PNe~A
vusdkFkZd'kCn% & ikB~Ôka'ks n`"Vkuke~ vusdkFkZd'kCnkuka lÄ~xzga ÑRok ukuk vFkkZu~ mfYYk[krA
dkO;lkSUn;Zcks/% & dkfynklL; vU;s"kq dkO;s"kq & ½rqlagkj&es?knwr;ks%] ekyfodkfXufe=k&
foØekSo'Z kh;kfHkKku'kkoqQUrys"kq oqQekjlEHkos p Hkof‰% voyksfdrk% vyÄkï jS%
lq'kksfHkrk% 'yksdk% lÄ~xzkák%] dkO;lkSUn;± p leqiLFkkiuh;e~A
fp=kys[kue~ & dkfynklÑra izÑfrfp=k.ke~] vkJefp=k.ka] o`{kknhuka i'kqif{k.kka p fp=k.ka
'yksdksYys[kuiwoZoaQ iQyosQ"kq i=ks"kq ok o.kSZ% ysiuh;e~A
r`rh;% ikB%
ckydkSrqde~
izLrqr ikB d#.k jl osQ vuqie fprsjs egkdfo HkoHkwfr fojfpr ¶mÙkjjkepfjre~¸ uked
izfl¼ ukVd osQ prqFkZ vad ls ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA jktk jke }kjk fuokZflrk Hkxorh lhrk
osQ tqM+ok¡ iq=kksa yo ,oa oqQ'k dk egf"kZ okYehfd osQ }kjk ikyu&iks"k.k fd;k x;k] mUgsa 'kL=kksa
,oa 'kkL=kksa dh f'k{kk nh x;h rFkk Lojfpr jkek;.k osQ lLoj xku dk vH;kl djk;k x;kA
egf"kZ okYehfd osQ vkJe esa vfrfFk :i esa i/kjs jktf"kZ tud] dkSlY;k ,oa v#U/rh [ksyrs
gq, ckydksa osQ chp ,d ckyd esa jke ,oa lhrk dh Nk;k ns[krs gSaA os mUgsa cqykdj xksn esa
fcBkdj okRlY; dh o"kkZ djrs gSaA brus esa gh pUnzosQrq }kjk jf{kr jktk jke dk v'oesèkh;
v'o vkJe esa izos'k djrk gSA uxjh; v'o dks ns[kdj vkJe osQ ckydksa esa dkSrwgy mRiUu
gksrk gSA os mls ns[kus osQ fy, yo dks Hkh cqyk ykrs gSaA yo ?kksM+s dks ns[krs gh tku tkrs
gSa fd ;g v'oesèkh; ?kksM+k gSA j{kdksa dh ?kks"k.kk lqudj ckyd yo ?kksM+s dks vkJe esa ys
tkdj ck¡/us dk vkns'k nsrs gSaA bldk vR;Ur ekfeZd fp=k.k bl ikB esa gqvk gSA
(usiF;s dydy%A losZ vkd.kZ;fUr)
tud% % v;s] f'k"Vkuè;k; bR;L[kfyra [ksyrka cVwuka dksykgy%A
dkSlY;k % lqyHklkS[;fenkuha ckyRoa HkofrA vgks] ,rs"kka eè;s d ,"k
jkeHknzL; eqX/yfyrSjÄnõS kZjdks¿LekoaQ ykspus 'khry;fr\
v#U/rh % oqQoy;nyfLuX/';ke% f'k[k.Mde.Muks
oVqifj"kna iq.;Jhd% fJ;So lHkkt;u~ A
iqujfi f'k'kqHkwrZ ks oRl% l es j?kquUnuks
>fVfr oqQ#rs n`"V% dks¿;a n`'kksje`rk×tue~ AA1AA
tud% % (fpja fuoZ.;Z ) Hkks% fdeI;srr~A
efgEukesrfLeu~ fou;f'kf'kjks ekSXè;el`.kks
fonXèkSfuZxkz á
Z ks u iqujfonXèkSjfr'k;% A
euks es laeksgfLFkjefi gjR;s"k cyoku~
v;ks/krqa ;}Rifjy?kqj;LdkUr'kdy% AA
28 'kk'orh
yo% % (izfo';] Loxre~) vfoKkro;% ØekSfpR;kr~ iwT;kufi lr%

dFkefHkoknf;";s\ (fofpUR;) v;a iqujfo#¼izdkj bfr
o`¼sH;% Jw;rsA (lfou;eqil`R;) ,"k oks yoL; f'kjlk
iz.kkei;kZ;%A
v#U/rhtudkS % dY;kf.ku~! vk;q"eku~ Hkw;k%A
dkSlY;k % tkr! fpja thoA
v#U/rh % ,fg oRl! (yoeqRlÄsõ x`ghRok vkRexre~) fn"V~;k u osQoy&
eqRlÄõf'pjkUeuksjFkks¿fi es iwfjr%A
dkSlY;k % tkr! brks¿fi rkonsfgA (mRlÄsõ x`ghRok) vgks] u osQoya
ekalyksTToysu nsgcU/su] dygal?kks"k& ?k?kZjkuqukfnuk Lojs.k
p jkeHknzeuqljfrA tkr! i';kfe rs eq[kiq.Mjhde~A (fpcqd&
eqUueÕ;] fu:I;] lok"ikowQre~) jkt"ks!Z fda u i';fl\ fuiq.ka
fu:I;ek.kks oRlk;k es oèok eq[kpUnz.s kkfi laonR;soA
tud% % i';kfe] lf[k! i';kfeA (fu:I;)
oRlk;k'p j?kw}gL; p f'k'kkofLeUufHkO;T;rs]
laof` Ùk% izfrfcEcrso fuf[kyk lSokÑfr% lk |qfr% A
lk ok.kh fou;% l ,o lgt% iq.;kuqHkkoks¿I;lkS
gk gk nsfo fdeqRiFkSeeZ eu% ikfjIyoa /kofr AA
dkSlY;k % tkr! vfLr rs ekrk\ Lejfl ok rkre~\
yo% % ufgA
dkSlY;k % rr% dL; Roe~\
yo% % Hkxor% lqxg` hruke/s;L; okYehosQ%A
dkSlY;k % vf; tkr! dFkf;rO;a dFk;A
yo% % ,rkonso tkukfeA
(izfo'; lEHkzkUrk%)
ckydkSrqde~ 29
cVo% % oqQekj! oqQekj! v'oks¿'o bfr dks¿fi Hkwrfo'ks"kks tu&

ins"ouqJ; w rs] lks¿;e/quk¿LekfHk% Lo;a izR;{khÑr%A
yo% % ^v'oks¿'o* bfr uke i'kqlekEuk;s lkaxkz feosQ p iB~;rs] rn~
czrw μdhn`'k%\
cVo% % v;s] Jw;rke~μ
i'pkRiqPNa ogfr foiqya rPp èkwuksR;tÏe~
nh?kZxhz o% l Hkofr] [kqjkLrL; pRokj ,o A
'k"ik.;fÙk] izfdjfr 'kÑr~fi.Mdkukezek=kku~
fda O;k[;kuSot Zz fr l iqunwjZ esáfs g ;ke% AA
(bR;ftus gLr;ks'pkd"kZfUr)
yo% % (ldkSrd q ksijks/fou;e~A) vk;kZ%! i';rA ,fHkuhZrks¿fLeA (bfr
Rofjra ifjØkefrA)
v#U/rhtudkS % egRdkSro q Qa oRlL;A
dkSlY;k % vj.;xHkZ:ikykiS;; Zw a rksf"krk o;a pA Hkxofr! tkukfe ra
i';Urh of×prsoA rLekfnrks¿U;rks HkwRok izs{kkegs rkor~
iyk;ekua nh?kkZ;"q ke~A
v#U/rh % vfrtosu nwjefrØkUr% l piy% dFka n`';rs\ (izfo';)
cVo% % i';rq oqQekjLrkonk'p;ZeA~
yo% % n`"Veoxra pA uwuek'oesf/dks¿;e'o%A
cVo% % dFka Kk;rs\
yo% % uuq ew[kkZ%! ifBreso fg ;q"ekfHkjfi rRdk.Me~A ¯d u i';Fk\
izR;soQa 'krla[;k% dofpuks nf.Muks fu"kfÄõ.k'p jf{krkj%A
;fn p foizR;;LrRi`PNrA
cVo% % Hkks Hkks%! ¯diz;kstuks¿;e'o% ifjo`r% i;ZVfr\
30 'kk'orh
yo% % (lLi`gekRexre~) ^v'oes/* bfr uke fo'ofotf;uka {kf=k;k.kk&

ewtLZ oy% loZ{k=kifjHkkoh egku~ mRd"kZfud"k%A (usiF;s)
;ks¿;e'o% irkosQ;eFkok ohj?kks"k.kk A
lIryksoQS dohjL; n'kd.BoqQyf}"k% AA
yo% % (lxoZe~)A vgks! lanhiukU;{kjkf.kA
cVo% % fdeqP;rs\ izkK% [kyq oqQekj%A
yo% % Hkks Hkks%! rfRde{kf=k;k i`fFkoh\ ;nsoeqn?~ kks";rs\ (usiF;s)
js] js] egkjkta izfr d% {kf=k;%\
yo% % f/x~ tkYeku~A
;fn uks lfUr lUR;so osQ;e| foHkhf"kdk A
fdeqDrSjfs Hkj/quk rka irkdka gjkfe o% AA
gs cVo%! ifjo`R; yks"BSjfHk?uUr miu;rSue'oe~A ,"k jksfgrkuka eè;spjks
HkorqA
(izfo'; lØks/%)
ckydkSrqde~ 31
iq#"k% % f/o~Q piy! fdeqDrokufl\ rh{.krjk ák;q/Js.k;% f'k'kksjfi nÌrka

okpa u lgUrsA jktiq=k'pUnzoQs rqnnZq kZUr%] lks¿I;iwokZj.;n'kZukf{kIrân;ks
u ;konk;kfr] rkor~ Rofjreusu r#xgusukiliZrA
cVo% % oqQekj! Ñra Ñre'osuA rtZ;fUr foLiQkfjr'kjkluk% oqQekj&
ek;qèkh;Js.k;%A nwjs pkJeine~A brLrnsfgA gfj.kIyqr%S iyk;kegsA
yo% % ¯d uke foLiqQjfUr 'kL=kkf.k\
(bfr /uqjkjksi;fr)
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
f'k"Vkuè;k;% & f'k"Vs"kq (vkIrs"kq) vuè;k;% f'k"Vkxeuiz;qDrks¿uè;k;%A cM+s yksxksa
osQ vkus ij vodk'kA
vL[kfyre~ & vfu;fU=kre~] csjksdVksdA
lqyHklkS[;e~ & lqyHka lkS[;efLeu~A blesa (cpiu esa) lq[k lqyHk gksrk gSA
eqX/yfyrS% & eqX/S% euksgjS% yfyrS%&lqoqQekjS%A euksgj o lqoqQekjA
oqQoy;nyfLuX/& & oqQoy;e~&uhydeye~ rL; nye~&i=ke~
';ke% & rL; bo fLuX/%&el`.k% ';ke%&Ñ".ko.kZ%A uhy dey&ny osQ
leku fLuX/ (fpduk) rFkk ';keo.kZA
f'k[k.Mde.Mu% & dkdi{k'kksfHkr%A dkdi{kksa (?kq¡?kjkys ckyksa) ls vyÄ~ÑrA
iq.;Jhd% & iq.;k&vykSfddh Jh 'kksHkk ;L;A vykSfdd 'kksHkk& lEiUuA
n`'kksje`rk×tue~ & n`'kks%&us=k;ks%] ve`rk×tue~&ve`re;e~ v×tue~] vk¡[kksa esa ve`re;
v×tuA
fou;f'kf'kj% & fou;su&fouezr;k] f'kf'kj%&'khry%A fou; ls 'khry (efgEukefr'k;%
dk fo'ks"k.k)A
ekSXè;el`.k% & ekSXè;su&e/qjLoHkkor;k] el`.k%&dksey% loZHkkoqd& tuLi`g.kh;%A
eèkqj LoHkko osQ dkj.k dksey] Li`g.kh;A
fonX/S% & lw{eefrfHk%A foosfd;ksa osQ }kjkA
32 'kk'orh
lEeksgfLFkje~ & lEeksgsu&'kksdk?kkrsu] fLFkje~&tMhHkwrfeo] lhrk fuokZlu

osQ dkj.k 'kksdk?kkr ls laKk'kwU; lk tM+A
v;LdkUr'kdy% & v;LdkUr/krks%&pqEcdL; 'kdy%&vo;o% ([k.M%)]
pqEcd dk NksVk&lk VqdM+kA
vfoKkro;%ØekSfpR;kr~ & vfoKkre~ o;% ØekSfpR;e~&voLFkk Øe (vk;q esa NksVs
cM+s dk Øe) dk Kku u gksus lsA
iz.kkei;kZ;% & ;FkkØea iz.kkeijaijkA vkSfpR; Øe osQ vuqlkj iz.kkeA
mRlÄõs & ØksMsA xksn esaA
ekalyksTToysu & ekalysu&ifjiq"Vsu cyork mTToysu&izdk'k;qDrsu] rstfLoukA
cfy"B vkSj rstLohA
dygal?kks"k?k?kZjkuqukfnuk & dygalL; ;ks ?kks"k%&'kCn% rL; vuqukfnuk&vuqdkfj.kkA
e/qj d.Bokys gal osQ Loj dk vuqdj.k djus okys
(Loj ls)A
eq[kiq.Mjhde~ & eq[keso iq.Mjhde~&'osrdeye~] eq[k:ih deyA
iq.;kuqHkko% & iq.;'pklkS vuqHkko% ¾ ifo=k%&izHkko%] ekgkRE;e~] iq.;
izHkkoA ¶vuqHkko% izHkkos p lrka p efrfu'p;sA¸
vfHkO;T;rs & vfHk $ fo $ v×t~ /krq $ yV~ (deZ o kP;)]
izFke iq#"k ,dopu] vfHkO;Dr gksrk gSA
mRiFkS% & mUekxSZ%A mUekxks± lsA
ikfjIyoe~ & p×pye~A
i'kqlekEuk;s & i'kqoxZo.kZuijs 'kkL=ks] i'kq'kkL=k esaA
lkaxzkfeosQ & laxzke o.kZuijs 'kkL=ks] laxzke'kkL=k esaA
/quksfr & /w × k~ $ yV~ $ iz F ke iq # "k ,dopu (Lokfnx.k]
'uqfodj.k)] fgykrk jgrk gSA
vtÏe~ & fujUrje~] yxkrkjA
nh?kZxzho% & nh?kkZ xzhok ;L; l%] ftldh xnZu yEch gSA
izfdjfr & iz $ oÏQ $ yV~ $ izFke iq#"k ,dopu (rqnkfn] 'k
fodj.k)] fc[ksjrk gSA R;kxrk gSA
'kÑr~ & iqjh"ke~A eyA
ckydkSrqde~ 33
vkezek=kku~ & vkeziQyrqY;ku~A vke osQ iQyksa tSlkA

ldkSrqdksijks/fou;e~ & dkSrqoQu] mijks/su] fou;su p lfgre~] dkSrwgy] vkxzg
vkSj fou; osQ lkFkA
vj.;xHkZ:ikykiS% & vj.;xHkkZ.kka&oufuokfluka (ckydkuka) :iS%& 'kjhjlkS"BoS%]
vkykiS%&okrkZfHk%A ouoklh ckydksa osQ 'kjhj lkSUn;Z vkSj
ckrphr lsA
iyk;ekue~ & ijk $ v;~ $ yV~ & 'kkup~ vkns ' k (/krq )
¶milxZL;k;rks¸ ijk osQ j~ dks y~ vkns'k f}rh;k ,dopu]
nkSM+rs gq, dksA
nh?kkZ;q"ke~ & nh?kZe~ vk;q% ;L; l% nh?kkZ;q%] re~A fpjk;q dks v'oes/
;K lEcU/hA
fu"kfÄ.õ k & fu"kÄkõ % lfUr ;s"kke~ rs fu"kfÄ.õ k%A fu"kÄõ $ bfu] (iq¡-)
izFkek foHkfDr cgqopuA rjdl/kjhA
foizR;;% & lUnsg] fo $ izfr $ b.k~/krq $ vp~ izR;;A
mQtZLoy% & mQtksZ¿L;kLrhfr mQtZLoy%] mQtZl~ $ oyp~A 'kfDr'kkyhA
loZ{k=kifjHkkoh & leLr ('k=kq) jktkvksa dks ijkftr djus okyhA
mRd"kZfud"k% & mRd"kZL; fudFk%] mRd"kZ dh dlkSVhA
lIryksoSQdohjL; & lIryksosQ"kq ,dohjL;] lkrksa yksdksa esa ,dek=k ohj dkA
n'kd.BoqQyf}"k% & n'kd.BL; oqQya }sf"V bfr n'kd.BoqQyf}V~&rL;A jko.k
osQ oqQy osQ }s"khA
lUnhiukU;{kjkf.k & lUnhiukfu $ v{kjkf.kA ;s v{kj (dFku) cM+s ØksèkksRiknd
gSaA
yks"BS% & <syksa lsA
vfHk?uUr% & vfHk $ gu~ $ yV~ ('kr`)] (iq-¡ ) izFkek foHkfDr cgqopu]
ekjrs gq,A
jksfgrkuke~ & e`xksa osQA
viwokZj.;n'kZukf{kIrân;% & viwokZj.;L; n'kZusu vkf{kIra ân;a ;L; l%] cgqozhfg
leklA viwoZ ou dh 'kksHkk ns[kus esa layXu eu okysA
viliZr & vi $ lì~ $ yksV~ $ eè;e iq#"k cgqopuA Hkkx tkvksA
34 'kk'orh
foLiQkfjr'kjkluk% & foLiQkfjrkfu 'kjklukfu ;SLrsA cgqozhfg leklA èkuq"kksa

dks rkus gq,A
gfj.kIyqrS% & gfj.kkuka IyqrSfjo IyqrS%A gfj.kksa dh Hkk¡fr owQnrs gq,A
iyk;kegs & Hkkx tk,¡A ijk $ v;~ /krq $ yV~ $ mÙke iq#"k
cgqopu ¶milxZL;k;rks¸ ls ijk osQ j~ dks y~] Hkkx
pyasA
foLiqQjfUr & fo $ jiqQj~ $ yV~ $ izFke iq#"k cgqopu] ped
jgs gSAa
vkjksi;fr & (/uq"k) p<+krk gSA
vH;kl
1- laLÑrsu mÙkja nh;rke~&
(d) ^mÙkjjkepfjre~* bfr ukVdL; jpf;rk d%\
([k) usiF;s dksykgya JqRok tud% ¯d dFk;fr\
(x) yo% jkeHknza dFkeuqljfr\
(?k) cVo% v'oa dFka o.kZ;fUr\
(Ä) yo% dFka tkukfr ;r~ v;e~ vk'oesf/d% v'o%\
(p) jktiq#"kL; rh{.krjk vk;q/Js.k;% fda u lgUrs\
2- js[kkfÄïrinkfu vkèk`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) v'ose/ bfr uke {kf=k;k.kke~ egku~ mRd"kZfud"k%A
([k) gs cVo%! yks"BS% vfHk?uUr% miu;r ,ue~ v'oe~A
(x) jkeHknzL; ,"k nkjd% vLekoaQ ykspus 'khry;frA
(?k) mRiFkS% ee eu% ikfjIyoa /kofrA
(Ä) vfrtosu nwjefrØkUr% l piy% n`';rsA
(p) foLiQkfjr'kjkluk% vk;q/h;Js.k;% oqQekja rtZ;fUrA
(N) fuiq.ka fu:I;ek.k% yo% eq[kpUnzs.k lhr;k laonR;soA
ckydkSrqde~ 35
3- fgUnhHkk"k;k lizlÄõO;k[;ka oqQ#r&

(d) loZ{k=kifjHkkoh egku~ mRd"kZfud"k%A
([k) ¯d O;k[;kuSot
Zz fr l iqunwjZ esásfg ;ke%A
(x) lqyHklkS[;fenkuha ckyRoa HkofrA
(?k) >fVfr oqQ#rs n`"V% dks¿;a n`'kksje`rk×tue~\
4- vèkksfyf[krkfu dFkukfu d% oaQ izfr dFk;fr&
d% oaQ izfr
(d) vfLr rs ekrk\ Lejfl ok rkre~\ ----------------------- -----------------------
([k) fn"V~;k u osQoyeqRlÄ%õ euksjFkks¿fi es iwfjr%A ----------------------- -----------------------
(x) oRlk;k'p j?kw}gL; p f'k'kkofLeÂfHkO;T;rsA ----------------------- -----------------------
(?k) lks¿;e/quk¿LekfHk% Lo;a izR;{khÑr%A ----------------------- -----------------------
(Ä) brks¿U;rks HkwRok isz{kkegs rkoRiyk;ekua nh?kkZ;q"ke~A ----------------------- -----------------------

(p) f/o~Q piy! fdeqDrokuflA ----------------------- -----------------------
5- v/ksfyf[krokD;kuka fjDrLFkkukfu funsZ'kkuqlkja iwj;r&

(d) d ,"k ----------------------- jkeHknzL; eqX/yfyrSjXSnkZjdks¿LekoaQ ykspus -----------------------
(fØ;kinsu)
([k) ,"k ----------------------- es lEeksgufLFkjefi eu% gjfrA (drZ̀insu)
(x) -----------------------! brks¿fi rkonsfg! (lEcks/usu)
(?k) ^v'oks¿'o* ----------------------- uke i'kqlekEuk;s lkaxzkfeosQ p iB~;rsA (vO;;su)
(Ä) ;q"ekfHkjfi rRdk.Ma ----------------------- ,o fgA (ÑnUrinsu)
(p) ,"k oks yoL; ----------------------- iz.kkei;kZ;% (dj.kinsu)
36 'kk'orh
6- v/% leLrinkuka foxzgk% nÙkk%A mngkj.keuql`R; leLrinkfu jp;r] leklukekfi

p fy[krA
mnkgj.ke~& i'kwuka lekEuk;%] rfLeu~ i'kqlekEuk;s&"k"Bh rRiq#"k%
(d) fou;su f'kf'kj% ----------------------- -----------------------
([k) v;LdkUrL; 'kdy% ----------------------- -----------------------
(x) nh?kkZ xzhok ;L; l% ----------------------- -----------------------
(?k) eq[ke~ ,o iq.Mjhde~ ----------------------- -----------------------
(Ä) iq.;% pklkS vuqHkko% ----------------------- -----------------------
(p) u L[kfyre~ ----------------------- -----------------------
7- v/ksfyf[krikfjHkkf"kd'kCnkuka leqfprkFksZu esyua oqQ#r&

(d) usiF;s (d) izdV:i esa
([k) vkRexre~ ([k) ns[kdj
(x) izdk'ke~ (x) insZ osQ ihNs
(?k) fu:I; (?k) vius eu esa
(Ä) mRlXs x`ghRok (Ä) izos'k djosQ
(p) izfo'; (p) vius eu esa
(N) lxoZe~ (N) xksn esa fcBk dj
(t) Loxre~ (t) xoZ osQ lkFk
8- ikBekfJR; fgUnhHkk"k;k yoL; pkfjf=kdoSf'k"V~;a fy[kr&
9- vèkksfyf[krs"kq 'yksosQ"kq NUnksfunsZ'k% fØ;rke~&

(d) efgEukesrfLeu~ fou;f'kf'kjks ekSXè;el`.kksA
([k) oRlk;k'p j?kw}gL; p f'k'kkofeLeÂfHkO;T;rsA
(x) i'pkRiqPNa ogfr foiqya rPp /quksR;tÏe~A
10- ikBekfJR; mRisz{kkyÄ~dkjL; miekyÄ~dkjL; p mnkgj.ka fy[kr&

ckydkSrqde~ 37
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) HkoHkwfr% laLÑrlkfgR;L; izeq[kks egkdfojklhr~A
^^dfookZDifrjktJhHkoHkwR;kfnlsfor%A
ftrks ;;kS ;'kksoekZ rn~xq.kLrqfrofUnrke~AA** bfr dYg.kjfprjktrjfÄõ.khLFk'yksosQu ifjKk;rs
;n;e~ v"Ve'krkCn~;ka orZekuL; dkU;oqQCts'ojL; ;'kksoeZ.k% lelkef;d vklhr~A
vusu egkdfouk =khf.k ukVdkfu jfprkfu&
ekyrhekèkoe~] egkohjpfjre~ mÙkjjkepfjra pA
mÙkjjkepfjra HkoHkwrs% loksZRÑ"Vk jpukLrhfr fo}Rleqnk;s b;eqfDr% izfl¼k orZrs
^^mÙkjs jkepfjrs HkoHkwfrfoZf'k";rsA**
vL; ukVdL; dFkkoLrq jkek;.kkèkkfjrefLrA v=k JhjkeL; jkT;kfHk"ksdkuUrjeqÙkja pfjra
of.kZre~] iwoZpfjrUrq HkoHkwfrfojfprs egkohjpfjrs izfrikfnre~A vr ,o mÙkja jkeL; pfjra
;fLeu~ rr~ mÙkjjkepfjre~A vFkok mÙkje~ ¾ mRÑ"Va jkeL; pfjra ;fLeu~ rr~ mÙkjjkepfjre~
bfr ukVdL; ukedj.ka lehphua orZrAs lhrkifjR;kxsuk=k jkeL;ksRÑ"VjkT;èkeZikyuozrRoa lwP;rsA
;|fi HkoHkwfr% d#.kjlL;kfHkO;Dr;s lfo'ks"ka iz'kL;rs] ijUrq izLrqrs ukV~;ka'ks okRlY;L;
Hkko% eeZLi`'ka izdfVr%A rFkSo gkL;jlL;kfi #fpjk vfHkO;fDrj=k l×tkrkA
([k) v'oesèk% & v'oesèk;K% izkphudkys jkT;foLrkjk; jk"Vª&le`¼;s p dj.kh;% ;K% vklhr~A
vfLeu~ ;Ks jkKka cyL; ijkØeL; p ijh{kk Hkofr LeA ;KdrkZ uì% Lojkf"Vª;izrhde'oa
p lSU;cyS% lg Hkwe.My&Hkze.kk; isz"k;fr LeA ;ks uì% LojkT;s lekxre'oa fuckZèka xUrq
izkfn'kr~] l ;Kd=ksZ jkKs djns;rka Lohdjksfr LeA ;% re'oe#.kr~ l vk'oesfèkd&uìL;kèkhurka
ukÄhõ djksfr LeA rnk mHk;kscZy;kseZè;s ;q¼a Hkofr Le r=kSo p uìk.kka ijkØe% ijh{;rs
LeA 'kriFkczkã.ks jk"VªkFksZ iz;qDre~&
^jk"Vªa oS v'o%* bfrA
(x) ^ckydkSrqde~* bfrikBL; lkfHku;a ukV~;iz;ksxa oqQ#rA
(?k) xq#oqQyijEijk;ka ckydkuka Ñrs xq:u~ izfr vfHkoknuL; dhn`'k% f'k"Vkpkj% v=k fpf=kr%
bfr fu:I;rke~A rFkSo xqjo% dFke~ vk'khoZpkafl v;PNu~ bR;fi Ks;e~A
(Ä) okrkZykikFk± laLÑrHkk"kk;k% lqpk#iz;ksxL; mnkgj.kkfu ikBkr~ vUos"VO;kfuA
prqFkZ% ikB%
deZxkSjoe~
izLrqr ikB] Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk osQ f}rh; ,oe~ r`rh; vè;k;ksa ls lax`ghr gSA Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk og
fo'oizfl¼ xzUFkjRu gS] fTklesa JhÑ".k us fo"kknxzLr vtquZ dks dÙkZO; dk mins'k nsdj èkeZj{kkFkZ
;q¼ osQ fy, izsfjr fd;k FkkA dekasZ esa oqQ'kyrk dks gh ;ksx crk;k x;k gSA vr% lHkh dks
fu%laxHkko ls lnk loZfgr osQ dk;ksZa esa layXu jguk pkfg,A ;gh mifu"knksa dk Hkh lUns'k
gS&oqQoZUUksosg dekZf.k ftthfo"ksPNra lek%A
cq f ¼;q D rks tgkrhg mHks lqÑrnq"ÑrsA

rLek|ks x k; ;q T ;Lo ;ks x % deZ l q dkS'kye~ AA1AA
fu;ra oqQjQ deZ Roa deZ T;k;ks ádeZ.k%A
'kjhj;k=kkfi p rs u iz f ln~ è ;s n deZ . k% AA2AA
deZxkSjoe~ 39
u deZ.kkeukjEHkkUuS"dE;Ze~ iqjQ"kks¿'uqrAs
u p lUU;luknso flf¼a lef/xPNfr AA3AA
u fg df'pR{k.kefi tkrq fr"BR;deZÑr~A
dk;Zrs áo'k% deZ loZ% izÑfrtSxqZ.kS% AA4AA
rLeknlDr% lrra dk;± deZ lekpjA
vlDrks ákpjUdeZ ijekIuksfr iwjQ"k% AA5AA
deZ.kSo fg laflf¼ekfLFkrk tudkn;%A
yksdlaxzgesokfi lai';UdrqZegZfl AA6AA
;|nkpjfr Js"BLrÙknsors jks tu%A
l ;Rizek.ka oqQjQrs yksdLrnuqorZrs AA7AA
u cqf¼Hksna tu;snKkuka deZlfÄõuke~A
tks"k;sRloZdekZf.k fo}kU;qDr% lekpju~ AA8AA
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
tgkrhg & tgkfr $ bg] á /krq $ yV~ $ izFke iq#"k ,dopu] ;gk¡]
(bl yksd esa) R;kx nsrk gSA
lqÑrnq"Ñrs & lqÑra p nq"Ñra p] }U} lekl] iq.; vkSj ikiA
;qT;Lo & ;qt~ /krq (vkReusin) $ yksV~ $ eè;e iq#"k ,dopu] iz;Ru
djksA
vkfLFkrk% & vkM+ $ LFkk /krq $ Dr] izFke iq#"k cgqopu] izkIr gq, FksA
yksdlaxzgesokfi & yksdlaxzge~ $ ,o $ vfi] yksdlaxzg dks HkhA
vgZfl & vgZ~ /krq $ yV~ $ eè;e iq#"k ,dopu] ;ksX; gksA
40 'kk'orh
vkpjfr & vkM+ $ pj~ /krq $ yV~ $ izFke iq#"k ,dopu] vkpj.k
djrk gSA
brj% & vU; yksx] lc yksxA
vuqorZrs & vuq $ o`r~ /krq $ yV~ $ izFke iq#"k ,dopu] vuqlj.k
djrk gSA
u tu;sr~ & tu~ /krq $ f.kp~ $ fof/fyÄ~ $ izFke iq#"k ,dopu] mRiUu
ugha djuk pkfg,A
deZlfÄõuke~ & deZ es vklDr euq";kas dkA
tks"k;sr~ & tq"k $ /krq] f.kp~] fof/fyÄ~ $ izFke iq#"k ,dopu] djokuk
pkfg,] yxuk pkfg,A
oqQ# & MqÑ×k~ $ (ijLeSin) yksV~ $ eè;e iq#"k ,dopu] djksA
T;k;% & iz'kL; $ bZ;lqu~] uiaq $ izFke foHkfDr ,dopu] Js"B gSA
ádeZ.k% & fg $ vdeZ.k%] D;kasfd deZ u djus lsA
'kjhj;k=kkfi & ykSfddO;ogkj% ('kjhj;k=kk $ vfi) 'kjhjμfuokZg HkhA
izfln~è;sndeZ.k% & izfln~è;sr~ $ vdeZ.k%]deZ u djus ls fln~/ ugha gksxkA
deZ.kkeukjEHkkUuS"dE;Ze~ & deZ.kke~ $ vu~ $ vkjEHkkr~ $ uS"dE;Ze~] deksZa dk vkjEHk
fd;s fcuk fu"deZrk dksA
v'uqrs & v'k~ yV~ izFke iq#"k ,dopu] izkIr djrk gSA
lef/xPNfr & le~ $ vf/ $ xe~ /krq $ yV~ $ izFke iq#"k ,dopu]
izkIr djrk gSA
tkrq & (vO;;)] dHkhA
u fr"BR;deZÑr~ & fr"Bfr $ vdeZÑr~] deZ fd;s fcuk ugha jgrkA
lekpj & le~ $ vkM+ $ pj~ /krq $ yksV~ eè;e iq#"k ,dopu]
HkyhHkk¡fr djksA
vlDr% & l×t~ /krq $ Dr lDr% u lDr% vlDr%] u×k~ rRiqjQ"k lekl]
vuklDr gksdjA
vkpju~ & vkÄ~ $ pj~ $ 'kr`] izFkek ,dopu] djrk gqvkA
vkIuksfr μ vki~ /krq $ yV~ $ izFke iq#"k ,dopu] izkIr djrk gSA
deZxkSjoe~ 41
vH;kl%
1- laLÑrHkk"k;k mÙkjr&
(d) v;a ikB% dLekr~ xzUFkkr~ lÄïfyr%\
([k) vdeZ.k% ¯d T;k;%\
(x) tudkn;% osQu flf¼e~ vkfLFkrk%\
(?k) yksd% de~ vuqorZrs\
(Ä) cqf¼;qDr% vfLeu~ lalkjs osQ tgkfr\
(p) osQ"kke~ vukjEHkkr~ iq#"k% uS"dE;± izkIuksfr\
2- fu;ra oqQ# deZ Roa ----- izfl¼~;ns deZ.k% vL; 'yksdL; vk'k;a fgUnhHkk"k;k Li"VhoqQ#rA
3- ^;|nkpjfr ----- yksdLrnuqorZrs* vL; 'yksdL; vUo;a fy[krA
4- v/ksfyf[krkuka 'kCnkuka foykseku~ ikBkr~ fpRok fy[kr&

;Fkk& o'k% & vo'k%
(d) cqf¼ghu% & ------------------
([k) nq"Ñre~ & ------------------
(x) vdkS'kye~ & ------------------
(?k) U;wu% & ------------------
(Ä) deZ.k% & ------------------
(p) nqxZq.kS% & ------------------
(N) dnkfpr~ & ------------------
(t) fuÑ"V% & ------------------
5- vèkksfy[krs"kq ins"kq lfUèkfoPNsna oqQ#r&

tgkrhg] ádeZ.k%] 'kjhj;k=kkfi] iq#"kks¿'uqrs] fr"BR;deZÑr~] izÑfrtSxqZ.kS%] deZ.kSo]
yksdLrnuqorZrs] tu;snKkuke~
42 'kk'orh
6- v/ksfyf[krfozQ;kinkuka ydkjiq#"kopufunsZ'ka oqQ#r&

tgkfr] ;qT;Lo] dqjQ] v'uqrs] lef/xPNfr] fr"Bfr] vkIuksfr] vuqorZrs] tu;sr~] tks"k;sr~A
7- vèkksfy[krokD;s"kq js[kkfÄïrinkuka foHkDrhuka funsZ'ka oqQ#r&

(d) ;ksx% deZlq dkS'kye~A
([k) thous fu;ra deZ oqQ#A
(x) deZ.kk ,o tudkn;% laflf¼e~ vkfLFkrk%A
(?k) vdeZ.k% deZ T;k;%A
(Ä) deZ.kke~ vukjEHkkr~ iq#"k% uS"dE;± u v'uqrsA
8- iznÙke×tw"kk;k% leqfprinkuka p;ua ÑRok vèkksnÙk'kCnkuka izR;sdinL; =khf.k

lekukFkZdinkfu fy[kUrqA
vukjre~] euh"kk] xk=ke~] nq"deZ] izkK%] dyq"ke~] 'kseq"kh] vfojre~] dksfon%] dk;%] efr%]
ikrde~] nsg%] euh"kh] vJkUre~
(d) fo}ku~ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------

([k) 'kjhje~ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
(x) cqf¼% ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
(?k) lrre~ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
(Ä) nq"Ñre~ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
9- deZ vkfJR; laLÑrHkk"kk;ka i×p okD;kfu fy[kr&
10- ikBs iz;qDrL; NUnl% uke fy[kr&
11- tu% dhn`'kS% xq.kS% dk;± djksfr\ v/ksfyf[kra 'yksdek/`R; fy[kr&

u fg df'pR{k.kefi tkrq fr"BR;deZÑr~A
dk;Zrs áo'k% deZ loZ% izÑfrtSxq.Z kS%AA
deZxkSjoe~ 43
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
v/ksfyf[krkuka lwDrhukeè;;ua ÑRok izLrqrikBsu HkkolkE;e~ vo/Ùk&
(1) xPNu~ fiihydks ;kfr ;kstukuka 'krkU;fiA

vxPNUoSurs;ks¿fi inesoaQ u xPNfrAA
(2) m|esu fg flè;fUr dk;kZf.k u euksjFkS%A

u fg lqIrL; ¯lgL; izfo'kfUr eq[ks e`xk%AA
i×prU=ke~ @ fe=klEizkfIr & 129
(3) deZ.kk tk;rs lo±] deSZo xfrlkèkue~A

rLekr~ loZiz;Rusu] lkèkq deZ lekpjsr~AA
fo".kqiqjk.k & 1@18@32
(4) pjUoS eèkq foUnfr] pju~ LoknqeqnEcje~A

lw;ZL; i'; Jsek.ka] ;ks u rUnz;rs pju~AA
,srjs; czkã.k & 33-3-5
(5) tyfcUnqfuikrsu Øe'k% iw;Zrs ?kV%A

l gsrq% loZfo|kuka /eZL; p /uL; pAA
pk.kD;uhfr & 12@22
(6) nq"djk.;fi dk;kZf.k] flè;fUr izks|esu oSA

f'kykfi ruqrka ;kfr] izikrsuk.kZlks eqgq%AA
cq¼pfjre~ & 26@63
(7) oqQoZUusosg dekZf.k ftthfo"ksPNra lek%A

,oa Rof; ukU;Fksrks¿fLr] u deZ fyI;rs ujsAA
;tqosZn & 40@2 7
44 'kk'orh
vèkksfufeZrrkfydka n`"V~ok leLrinS% lg foxzgku~ esy;r&
2
1
v o 'k% cq
4 5 3
fn~ cq
l oZ d ekZ f.k
/ fn~
6 v d eZ .k% 8 9
10 ;q / yks
uk eZ j 'k
v l o~Q r% Hks d
j iQ r% 11 jh
Kk r% n la
e~ y v p j u~
uk e~ xz
Hkk gs ;k
uk g
r~ rq% =kk
e~ e~
7
12
d eZ l fÄ~ x uk e~
13
lq Ñ r nq "k~ Ñ rs
foxzgk%
(1) cqn~è;k ;qDr% (r`rh;k rRiq#"k%)
(2) u o'k% (u×k~ rRiq#"k% lekl)
(3) cqn~èks% Hksne~ ("k"Bh rRiq#"k% lekl)
(4) lokZf.k dekZf.k (deZ/kj; lekl)
(5) deZf.k jr% (lIreh rRiq#"k lekl)
(6) (v) u deZ.k% (u×k~ rRiq#"k)
(c) u vkjEHkkr~ (u×k~ rRiq#"k)
deZxkSjoe~ 45
(7) deZiQyL; gsrq% ("k"Bh rRiq#"k lekl)

(8) 'kjhjL; ;k=kk ("k"Bh rRiq#"k lekl)
(9) yksdk; laxzge~ (prqFkhZ rRiq#"k lekl)
(10) (v) u lDr% (u×k~ rRiq#"k)
(c) u Kkukuke~ (u×k~ rRiq#"k)
(11) u pju~ (u×k~ rRiq#"k)
(12) deZlq lfÄ~xuke~ (lIreh rRiq#"k)
(13) lqÑre~ n`"Ñre~ p (}U} lekl)
vèkksfyf[krkn'kZokD;kfu lEc¼laLFkkfHk% ;kst;r&
vkn'kZokD;e~ laLFkk
(d) lR;eso t;rs jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuql/
a ku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~
([k) fo|;k¿e`re'uqrs HkkjrloZdkj%
(x) vlrks ek ln~xe; dfri;fo|ky;s"kq
(?k) lk fo|k ;k foeqDr;s osQUnzh;ekè;kfed f'k{kk ifj"kn~
(Ä) ;ksx% deZlq dkS'kye~ jk"Vªh; vè;kid f'k{kk ifj"kn~
(p) xq#% xq#reks /ke% Hkkjrh; iz'kklfud lsok vdkneh] elwjh
(N) rRoa iw"kUuiko`.kq MkdrkjfoHkkx%
(t) vgfuZ'ka lsokegs osQUnzh; fo|ky; laxBu
(>) Je ,o t;rs HkkjrL; loksZPp U;k;ky;%
(×k) ;rks /eZLrrks t;% Jeea=kky;%
Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk
Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk egkHkkjrL; Hkh"eioZf.k fo|rsA v=k lIr'kr'yksdk% v"Vkn'kkè;k;s"kq mifuc¼k%
lfUrA ;q¼HkwekS fo"kknxzLrktqZuk; fu"dkedeZ.k% mins'ka iz;PNrk Hkxork JhÑ".ksu v=k
Kku&HkfDr&deZ.kka leUo;% izLrqr%A
46 'kk'orh
iwoZofrZuks vusosQ euhf"k.k% thous mnkÙkxq.kkuka fodklkFk± xhrk'kkL=ks.k izsj.kka izkIroUr%A rs"kq
fo}Rlq yksdekU;fryd%] egf"kZ vjfoUn%] egkRekxkU/h] fouksckHkkos bR;kn;% izeq[kk% lfUrA ,rS%
fo}f‰% xhrk'kkL=kL; LoHkkokfHkO;fDrLo:Ikk% O;k[;k% fofyf[krk%A xhrk'kkL=kL; Kku&HkfDr&deZ;ksxku~
Lothous vorkj;Ur% mUurkn'kkZu~ mnkÙkthouewY;ku~ ,rs euhf"k.k% pfjrkFkZ;fUr LeA
Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk;k% osQpu vU;s¿fi 'yksdk m¼j.kh;k%A r|Fkk&
vukfJR; deZiQya dk;± deZ djksfr% ;%A
l laU;klh p ;ksxh p u fujfXuuZ pkfØ;% AA6-1
lq[knq%[ks les ÑRok ykHkkykHkkS t;kt;kSA
rrks ;q¼k; ;qT;Lo uSoa ikieokIL;fl AA2-38
;n`PNkykHklUrq"Vks }U}krhrks foeRlj%
le% fl¼kofl¼kS p ÑRokfi u fucè;rs AA4-22
loZHkwrLFkekRekua loZHkwrkfu pkRefu
bZ{krs ;ksx;qDrkRek loZ=k len'kZu% AA6-29
vusoSQ% dfofHk% xhrk;k% egÙoa izfrikfnre~A rUegÙoa ;=k&r=k vè;srO;e~A mnkgj.kkFkZe~&
eyfueksZpua iqalka tyLukua fnus fnusA
lÑnõhrkEHkfl Lukua lalkjeyuk'kue~AA
v/ksfyf[krkuka inkukek';ks¿Uos"VO;%&
yksdlaxzge~] uS"dE;Ze~] izÑfrt%] lUU;lue~
i×pe% ikB%
'kqduklksins'k%
egkdfo ck.kHk^ laLÑr osQ lokZf/d izfrHkk'kkyh x|dkj gSaA bUgksaus dkU;oqQCt (dUukSt) osQ
jktk g"kZoèkZu osQ thou ij ^g"kZpfjr* fy[kk gSA g"kZo¼Zu dk jkT;dky 606 bZ- ls 648 bZ-
rd jgkA vr% ck.kHk^ dk Hkh ;gh le; gksuk pkfg;sA budh nks jpuk,¡ lqizfl¼ gSaμ g"kZpfjr
vkSj dknEcjhA
g"kZpfjr ck.kHk^ dh izFke x| o`Qfr gSA Lo;a ck.kHk^ us bls vk[;kf;dk dgk gSA
dknEcjh laLo`Qr lkfgR; dk loksZRo`Q"V x| dkO; gSA ;g ^dFkk* Js.kh dk dkO; gSA
pUnzkihM&dknEcjh rFkk iq.Mjhd&egk Üosrk osQ iz.k; dk fp=k.k djus okyh dFkk ^dknEcjh*
osQ nks Hkkx gSaA bldk dFkkud tfVy gksrs gq, Hkh euksje gSA blesa dFkk dk izkjEHk jktk 'kwnzd
osQ o.kZu ls gksrk gSA 'kwnzd osQ ;gk¡ pk.MkydU;k oS'kEik;u uked 'kqd dks ysdj igq¡prh gSA
'kqd lHkk esa vkRe&o`ÙkkUr lqukrk gSA bl xzUFk esa rhu&rhu tUeksa dh ?kVuk,¡ xqfEiQr gSAa
izLrqr ikB ^dknEcjh* osQ 'kqduklksins'k uked x|ka'k ls fy;k x;k gSA bl va'k dk
uk;d jktoqQekj pUnzkihM gS] tks lRo] 'kkS;Z vkSj vktZo Hkkoksa ls ;qDr gSA 'kqdukl ,d
vuqHkoh eU=kh gSa tks jktoqQekj pUnzkihM dks jkT;kfHk"ksd osQ iwoZ okRlY;Hkko ls mins'k nsrs gSaA
os mls ;qokoLFkk esa lqyHk :i] ;kSou] izHkqrk ,oa ,s'o;Z ls m‰wr nks"kksa osQ fo"k; esa lko/ku
dj nsuk mfpr le>rs gSaA bls ;qokoLFkk esa izos'k dj jgs leLr ;qodksa dks iznÙk ^nh{kkUr
Hkk"k.k* dgk tk ldrk gSA
48 'kk'orh
,oa lefrØkeRlq fnols"kq jktk pUnzkihML; ;kSojkT;kfHk"ksda fpdh"kZq%

izrhgkjkuqidj.k& lEHkkjlaxgz kFkZekfnns'kA leqifLFkr;kSojkT;kfHk"ksda p ra dnkfpn~
n'kZukFkZekxrek:<fou;efi fouhrrjfePNu~ drq± 'kqdukl% lfoLrjeqokpμ
¶rkr! pUnzkihM! fofnrosfnrO;L;k/hrloZ'kkL=kL; rs ukYieI;qins"VO;efLrA

osQoya p fulxZr ,okfrxgua reks ;kSouizHkoe~A vifj.kkeksi'keks nkjQ.kks y{ehen%A
vizcksèkk ?kksjk p jkT;lq[klfÂikrfunzk Hkofr] bR;r% foLrjs.kkfHk/h;lsA
xHksZ ÜojRoefHkuo;kSouRoe~] vizfre:iRoeekuq"k'kfDrRo×psfr egrh;a
[kYouFkZ& ijEijkA ;kSoukjEHks p izk;% 'kkL=ktyiz{kkyu&fueZykfi dkyq";eqi;kfr
cqf¼%A uk'k;fr p iq#"keR;klÄõks fo"k;s"kqA
'kqduklksins'k% 49
Hkokn`'kk ,o HkofUr HkktukU;qins'kkuke~A vixreys fg eufl fo'kfUr

lq[ksuksins'kxq.kk%A gjfr vfrefyuefi nks"ktkra xq:ins'k% xq:ins'k'p uke
vf[kyeyiz{kkyu{kee~ vtya Lukue~A fo'ks"ks.k rq jkKke~A fojyk fg rs"kkeqins"Vkj%A
jktopueuqxPNfr tuks Hk;kr~A mifn';ekuefi rs u Ük`.ofUrA vo/hj;Ur%
[ksn;fUr fgrksins'knkf;uks xq:u~A
vkyksd;rq rkor~ dY;k.kkfHkfuos'kh y{eheso izFkee~A u ásofa oèkeifjfprfeg
txfr fdf×pnfLr ;Fks;euk;kZA yC/kfi [kyq nq%[ksu ifjikY;rsA ifjikfyrkfi
iziyk;rsA u ifjp;a j{kfrA ukfHktueh{krsA u :iekyksd;rsA u dqyØeeuqorZrAs
u 'khya i';frA u oSnXè;a x.k;frA u Jqrekd.kZ;frA u /eZeuqjQè;rsA u
R;kxekfnz;rsA u fo'ks"kKrka fopkj;frA ukpkja iky;frA u lR;eocqè;rsA i';r
,o u';frA ljLorhifjx`ghra ukfyÄõfr tue~A xq.koUra u Li`'kfrA lqtua u
i';frA 'kwja d.Vdfeo ifjgjfrA nkrkja nq%LoIufeo u LejfrA fouhra uksiliZfrA
r`".kka lao/Z;frA yf?kekuekikn;frA ,oafoèk;kfi pku;k dFkefi nSoo'ksu
ifjx`ghrk% foDyok% HkofUr jktku%] lokZfou;kfèk"Bkurka p xPNfUrA
vijs rq LokFkZfu"iknuijS% nks"kkufi xq.ki{keè;kjksi;f•% izrkj.koqQ'kySèkwÙZ kS%Z
izrk;Zek.kk foÙkeneÙkfpÙkk loZtuksigkL;rkeqi;kfUrA u eku;fUr ekU;ku~]
tjkoSDyO;izyfirfefr i';fUr o`¼ksins'ke~A oqQI;fUr fgrokfnusA loZFkk
refHkuUnfUr] ra lao/Z;fUr] rL; opua Ük`.ofUr] ra cgq eU;Urs ;ks¿gfuZ'ke~
vuojra foxrkU;dÙkZO;% LrkSfr] ;ks ok ekgkRE;eq‰ko;frA
rnfroqQfVyps"VknkjQ.ks jkT;rU=ks] vfLeu~ egkeksgdkfjf.k p ;kSous oqQekj!
rFkk iz;rsFkk% ;Fkk uksigL;ls tuS%] u fuU|ls lk/qfHk%] u fèkfDØ;ls xqjQfHk%]
uksikyH;ls lqâf‰%] u o×P;ls /wr%ZS ] u foMEC;ls y{E;k] ukf{kI;ls fo"k;S%]
ukifß;ls lq[ksuA
bneso p iqu% iqujfHk/h;ls&fo}kalefi lpsrlefi] egklÙoefi]
vfHktkrefi] /hjefi] iz;RuoUrefi iq#"ka nqfoZuhrk [kyhdjksfr y{ehfjR;srk&
onfHk/k;ksi'k'kkeA
50 'kk'orh
pUnzkihMLrkfHkjQins'kokfXHk% iz{kkfyr bo] mUehfyr bo] LoPNho`Qr bo]

ifo=kho`Qr bo] m‰kflr bo] izhrân;ks LoHkouektxkeA
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
fpdh"kqZ% μ djus dh bPNkokyk] drZqfePNq%] Ñ $ lu~ $ m $ izFkek
foHkfDr ,dopuA
fou; μ fof'k"V u; (uhfr)
izrhgkjku~ μ }kjikyksa dks
midj.klEHkkjlaxzgkFkZe~ μ vko';d lkexzh&lewg osQ laxzg osQ fy,] mifØ;Urs ,fHk%
bfr midj.kkfu] midj.kkuke~ lEHkkj% ¾ midj.klEHkkj% ("k"Bh
rRiq#"k) midj.klEHkkjL; laxzgkFkZe~A mi $ Ñ $ Y;qV~ ¾
midj.ke~] lEHkkj% ¾ le~ $ Hk` $ ?k×k~A
fulxZr% μ LokHkkfod :i lsA
vifj.kkeksi'ke% μ o`n~èkkoLFkk esa Hkh u 'kkUr gksus okykA ifj.kkes mi'ke%
ifj.kkeksi'ke%A u ifj.kkeksi'ke% vifj.kkeksi'ke% (u×k~ rRiq#"k)A
fofnrosfnrO;L; μ fofnre~ osfnrO;e~ ;su vlkS fofnrosfnrO;% rL; (cgqozhfg)]
fon~ $ ÙkQ ¾ fofnre~] fon~ $ rO;r~ ¾ osfnrO;e~A
xHksZ'ojRoe~ μ tUe ls izkIr izHkqRoA xHkZr% ,o bZ'oj% ¾ xHksZ'oj% rL;
Hkko% xHksZ'ojRoe~A
Hkokn`'kk μ vki tSls gh] Hkor~ $ n`'k~ $ f‡i~] izFkek foHkfDrA
vixreys μ nks"kjfgr gksus ij] vixr% ey% ;Lekr~ rr~ vixreye~ rfLeu~
vixreys (i×peh rRiq#"k)
mins"Vkj% μ mins'k nsus okys] mi $ fn'k~ $ r`p~ izFkek foHkfDr cgqopuA
vo/hj;Ur% μ frjLÑr djrs gq,] vo $ /hj $ f.kp~ $ 'kr` izFkek foHkfDr
cgqopuA
dY;k.kkfHkfuos'kh μ eÄõy osQ vfHkyk"kh] dY;k.ks vfHkfuos"Vqa 'khya ;L; l
cgqczhfgA
'kqduklksins'k% 51
ifjikY;rs μ j[kh tk ldrh gS] ifj $ iky $ deZf.k ;o~Q yV~ ydkj
izFke iq#"k ,dopuA
iziyk;rss μ Hkkx tkrh gSA
oSnXè;e~ μ ikf.MR; dks] fonX/L; Hkkoks oSnXè;e~] fonX/ $ ";×k~A
vuq#è;rs μ vuqjks/ djrh gS] vuq $ #/~ $ yV~] izFke iq#"k ,dopuA
vocqè;rs μ tku tkrh gSA
uksiliZfr μ lehi ugha tkrh] ik'osZ u xPNfrA
laoèkZ;fr μ c<+krh gSA
yf?kekuekikn;fr μ fuEurk iznku djrh gS] yf?kekue~ ¾ y?kksHkkZo% yf?kek (y?kq
$ befup~) re~ vkikn;fr ¾ vk $ in~ $ f.kp~ $ yV~
izFke iq#"k ,dopuA
foDyok% μ foày&fodyA
vè;kjksi;f‰% μ vkjksfir djus okysA
izrkj.koqQ'kyS% μ Bxus esa oqQ'ky&fuiq.k] izrkj.kklq oqQ'kyk% izrkj.koqQ'kyk% rS%]
lIreh rRiq#"kA
izrk;Zek.kk% μ Bxs x;s] iz $ r` $ deZf.k ;o~Q $ 'kkup~ $ izFkek foHkfDr
,dopuA
tjkoSDyO;izyfire~ μ o`n~/koLFkk dh fodyrk ls fujFkZd opu osQ :i esa] tjl%
oSDyO;a ¾ tjkoSDyO;e~ ("k"Bh rRiq#"k) rsu izyfire~A
iz;rsFkk% μ iz;Ru dfj;sA iz $ ;r~ $ fyÄ~] eè;e iq#"k ,dopuA
vfHktkre~ μ oqQyhu dks] vfHk $ tu $ ÙkQ] f}rh;k foHkfDr ,dopuA
iz'kLratkra ;L; l vfHktkr% re~ vfHktkre~] cgqozhfg leklA
vfHk/h;ls μ dgk tk jgk gS vfHk $ /k $ ;o~Q $ yV~] eè;e iq#"k
,dopuA
[kyhdjksfr μ nq"V cuk nsrh gSA u [kye~ v[kya] v[kya [kya djksfr bfr]
[ky $ fPo $ Ñ $ yV~] izFke iq#"k ,dopuA
mi'k'kke μ pqi gks x;s] mi $ 'ke~ $ fyV~] izFke iq#"k ,dopuA
iz{kkfyr bo μ iw.kZr;k /ks;s gq,A iz $ {kky $ ÙkQ] izFke iq#"k ,dopuA
52 'kk'orh
vgfuZ'ke~ μ fnu&jkrA
mn~Hkko;fr μ izdV djrk gSA mn~ $ Hkw $ f.kp~ $ yV~] izFke iq#"k ,dopuA
uksikyH;ls μ mykguk u fn;s tkvksA
uksigL;ls tuS% μ yksxksa osQ }kjk migkl osQ ik=k u cuks] mi $ gl~ $ ;o~Q $
yV~] eè;e iq#"k ,dopu] ;gk¡ ^migL;ls* fØ;k esa deZf.k
;o~Q izR;; gqvk gSA vr% ^tuk%* dÙkkZ osQ vuqÙkQ gksus ls
vuqÙkQ dÙkkZ ^dr`d Z eZ.kksLr`rh;k* ls r`rh;k foHkfDr gks x;h gSA
vH;kl%
(d) y{ehen% dhn`'k%\
([k) pUnzkihMa d% mifn'kfr\
(x) vuFkZijEijk;k% ¯d dkj.ke~\
(?k) dhn`'ks eufl mins'kxq.kk% izfo'kfUr\
(Ä) yC/kfi nq%[ksu dk ifjikY;rs\
(p) osQ"kke~ mins"Vkj% fojyk% lfUr\
(N) y{E;k ifjx`ghrk% jktku% dhn`'kk% HkofUr\
(t) o`n~/ksins'ka rs jktku% fdfefr i';fUr\
2- fo'ks"k.kkfu fo'ks";S% lg ;kst;r&

(d) lefrØkeRlq rs
([k) v/hr'kkL=kL; fo}kale~
(x) nk#.kks fnols"kq
(?k) xgua re% nks"ktkre~
(Ä) vfrefyue~ y{ehen%
(p) lpsrle~ ;kSouizHkoe~
'kqduklksins'k% 53
3- v/ksfyf[krinkfu Lojfpr&laLÑr&okD;s"kq iz;qÄ~èoe~&

laxzgkFkZe~] leqifLFkre~] fou;e~] ifj.ke;fr] Ük`.ofUr] Li`'kfrA
4- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka lfU/&foPNsna oqQ#r&

(d) ,okfrxgue~ -------------- $ --------------
([k) xHksZ'ojRoe~ -------------- $ --------------
(x) xq:ins'k% -------------- $ --------------
(?k) ásoe~ -------------- $ --------------
(Ä) ukfHktue~ -------------- $ --------------
(p) uksiliZfr -------------- $ --------------
5- izÑfr&izR;;foHkkx% fØ;rke~&
'kCn% izÑfr% izR;;%
(d) fpdh"kqZ% -------------- --------------
([k) mins"VO;e~ -------------- --------------
(x) bZ{krs -------------- --------------
(?k) cqè;rs -------------- --------------
(Ä) fuU|ls -------------- --------------
(p) mi'k'kke -------------- --------------
6- leklfoxzga oqQ#r&
(d) vekuq"k'kfDrRoe~ & ------------------------------
([k) vR;klÄõ% & ------------------------------
(x) vuk;kZ & ------------------------------
(?k) LokFkZfu"iknuijS% & ------------------------------
(Ä) vgfuZ'ke~ & ------------------------------
(p) o`n~/ksins'ke~ & ------------------------------
54 'kk'orh
(d) y{eh% ---------------- u j{kfrA
([k) ---------------- nq%LoIufeo u LejfrA
(x) ljLorhifjx`ghra ---------------- A
(?k) mifn';ekuefi ---------------- u Ük`.ofUrA
(Ä) vo/hj;Ur% ---------------- fgrksins'knkf;uks xq:u~A
(p) rFkk iz;rsFkk% ---------------- uksigL;ls tuS%A
(N) pUnzkihM% izhrân;ks ---------------- vktxkeA
8- lizlÄaõ fgUnhHkk"k;k O;k[;k dk;kZ&

(d) xHksZ'ojRofHkuo;kSouRoeizfre:iRoeekuq"k'kfDrRo×psfr egrh;a [kYouFkZijEijkA
([k) gjfr vfrefyuefi nks"ktkra xq:ins'k%A
(x) fo}kalefi lpsrlefi] egklÙoefi] vfHktkrefi] /hjefi] iz;RuoUrefi iq#"ka nqfoZuhrk
[kyhdjksfr y{ehfjfrA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
^mi* milxZiow d Z kr~ vfrltZukFkZdkr~ ^fn'k~* /krks% ^?k×k~* izR;;s mins'k'kCn% fu"i|rsA leqfprdk;s"Z kq
fe=ka] cU/qa] vkfJrtua] fo|kfFkZua ok lUekxsZ izorZf;rqa osQufpr~ fgrfpUrosQu lqân~ojs.k Kkfuuk ok
nh;eku% ijke'kZ% ekxZfunsZ'k% fgropua ok ^mins'k* bfr mP;rsA laLÑrokÄ~e;s yksdizcks/dkfu
lnkpkjizfrikndkfu p lw=kkf.k ukuk&xzUFks"kq] dkO;s"kq lqHkkf"krs"kq p leqiyH;UrsA rkfu mins'klw=kkf.k
ckydku~] ;qodku~] izkS<ku~] o`n~/ku~ fofoèks"kq {ks=ks"kq dk;kZf.k oqQoZr% p vfèkÑR; lkekU;su izdkjs.k
iz.khrkfu lfUrA
v=k mn~/`rs Hkkxs 'kqduklksins'kk[;s jktoqQekja pUnzkihMa izfr 'kqduklL; mins'k% lax`ghr%A
rFkkfg&,s'o;±] ;kSoua] lkSUn;±] 'kfDr'psfr izR;soQa vuFkZdkj.kfefr eÙok pUnzkihMe~ mins"Vqa izØkUr%
'kqdukl%A ;|fi pUnzkihM% fouhr% x`ghrfo|'p rFkkfi ,s'o;kZfnfHk% vL; eu% [kyhÑra u
Hkosr~ bfr f/;k 'kqdukl% pUnzkihMe~ mifn'kfrA vr% mins'kks¿;a u osQoya pUnzkihMa izfr vfirq
rUekè;esu losZ"kka tukuka Ñrs¿fiA
'kqduklksins'k% 55
i×prU=ks¿fi ;=k&r=k bZn`'k ,o ân;Äõe% mins'k% izkI;rsA ;kSoukfndkj.kS% lEHkkO;ekueuFk±

i×prU=ke~ ,oeqfYy[kfr&
;kSoua /ulEifÙk% izHkqRoefoosfdrkA
,oSQdeI;uFkkZ; fdeq ;=k prq"V;e~AA
egkHkkjrL; m|ksxioZ.k% Hkkxs fonqjuhrkS vfi ,oefHkfgrefLr&

v"VkS xq.kk% iq#"ka nhi;fUr
izKk p dkSY;a p ne% Jqra pA
ijkØe'pkcgqHkkf"krk p
nkua ;Fkk'kfDr ÑrKrk pAA
u Øksf/uks¿FkksZ u u`'kalfe=ka
ozwQjL; u L=kh lqf[kuks u fo|kA
u dkfeuks ßhjylL; u Jh%
lo± rq u L;knuofLFkrL;AA
vU;=kkfi fgrksins'k&uhfr'krdknkS p ,oeqifn"Ve~ vfLrA r=k&r=kkfi ;ksX;rk foLrjkFkZeo';a iBuh;e~A

1- ck.kHk^L; jhfr% ik×pkyh jhfrfjfr dF;rsA rL;k% y{k.ke~ ^^'kCnkFkZ;ks% leks xqEiQ%
ik×pkyhjhfrfj";rs**A
2- ck.kHk^L; x|s ;k y;kRedrk orZrs] ikBiqjLlja rL;k% lUèkkua dk;Ze~A
ck.kfo"k;dlwDr;% iz'kLr;'p
1- ck.kksfPN"Va txRloZe~A
2- osQoyks¿fi LiqQju~ ck.k% djksfr foenku~ dohu~A
¯d iqu% DyÌrlU/ku% iqfyUnÑrlfÂf/%AA (/uiky&fryde×tjh)
3- lqcU/qckZ.kHk^ Üp dfojkt bfr=k;%A
oØksfÙkQekxZfuiq.kk ÜprqFkksZ fo|rs u okAA (eÄ~[kd&Jhd.Bpfjr)
4- Üys"ks osQpu 'kCnxqEiQfo"k;s osQfpnzls pkijs¿&
yÄïkjs dfrfpRlnFkZfo"k;s pkU;s dFkko.kZusA
vk% loZ=k xHkhj/hjdforkfoUè;kVoh pkrqjh&
l×pkjh dfooqQfEHkoqQEHkfHknqjka ck.kLrq i×pkuu%AA (pUnznso&'kkÄZõ/jin~/fr)
56 'kk'orh
5- 'kCnkFkZ;ks% leks xqEiQ% ik×pkyhjhfrfj";rsA

'khykHk^kfjdkokfp ck.kksfÙkQ"kq p lk ;fnAA (jkt'ks[kj&tYg.k&lwfDreqDrkoyh)
6- #fpjLojo.kZink jlHkkorh txUeuks gjfrA
lk ¯d r#.kh\ ufg ufg ok.kh ck.kL; e/qj'khyL;AA (/eZnkl&fonX/eq[ke.Mu)
7- ck.k% dohukfeg pØorhZ pdkfLr ;L;ksTToyo.kZ'kksHke~A
,dkri=ka Hkqfo iq.;Hkwfeoa'kkJ;a g"kZpfj=kesoAA (lksM<~ y)
8- âfn yXusu ck.ksu ;UeUnks¿fi inØe%A
HkosRdfooqQjÄkõ .kka pkiya r=k dkj.ke~AA (f=kykspu&'kkÄZ/
õ jin~/fr%)
9- ;L;k'pkSjf'poqQjfudj% d.kZiwjks e;wjks
Hkklks gkl% dfooqQyxq#% dkfynklks foykl%A
g"kksZ g"kksZ ân;olfr% i×pck.kLrq ck.k%
osQ"kka uS"kk dFk; dforkdkfeuh dkSrqdk;AA (t;nso% izlUujk?ko%)
"k"B% ikB%
lwfÙkQlqèkk
laLÑr lkfgR; esa lwfDr;ksa dk le`¼ Hk.Mkj gSA lwfDr dk vFkZ gS lqUnj opu] lqèkk dk vFkZ
gS ve`r] lwfDrlqèkk dk vFkZ gS lqUnj opu :ih ve`rA bl ikB esa if.Mrjkt txÂkFk]
egkdfo ek?k] Hkkjfo] izfl¼ ukVddkj HkoHkwfr rFkk egkdfo HkrZ̀gfj dh lwfDr;k¡ ladfyr gSaA
;s lwfDr;k¡ vkt Hkh gekjs thou osQ fy, cgqewY;] mi;ksxh ,oa iFkizn'kZd gSaA fofHkUu fo"k;ksa
ls lEc¼ lwfDr;k¡ fuf'pr :i ls Nk=kksa osQ fy, mi;ksxh fl¼ gksaxhA
izLrqr ikB osQ izFke] f}rh; ,oa r`rh; 'yksd osQ jpf;rk if.Mrjkt txÂkFk] prqFkZ
'yksd osQ egkdfo ek?k] iape 'yksd osQ HkoHkwfr] "k"B 'yksd osQ egkdfo Hkkjfo ,oa lIre]
v"Ve] uoe] n'ke] ,dkn'k o }kn'k 'yksdksa osQ jpf;rk HkrZ̀gfj gSaA
vfLr ;|fi loZ=k uhja uhjt&jkftre~A

jers u ejkyL; ekula ekula fouk AA1AA
uhj{khjfoososQ galkyL;a Roeso ruq"ks psr~A
fo'ofLeÂ/qukU;% oqQyozra ikyf;";fr d% AA2AA
rkor~ dksfdy fojlku~ ;ki; fnolku~ oukUrjs fuolu~A
;kofUeynfyeky% dks¿fi jlky% leqYylfr AA3AA
ukyEcrs nSf"Vdrka u fu"khnfr ikSjQ"ksA
'kCnkFkkSZ lRdfofjo };a fo}kuis{krs AA4AA
u fdf×pnfi oqQokZ.k% lkS[;SnqZ%[kkU;iksgfrA
rÙkL; fdefi nzO;a ;ks fg ;L; fiz;ks tu%AA5AA
58 'kk'orh
lglk fon/hr u fØ;kefoosd% ijekinka ine~A

o`.krs fg foe`';dkfj.ka xq.kyqC/k% Lo;eso lEin%AA6AA
Lok;ÙkesdkUrxq.ka fo/k=kk fofufeZra NknueKrk;k%A

fo'ks"kr% loZfonka lekts foHkw"k.ka ekSueif.Mrkuke~ AA7AA
foifn /S;ZeFkkH;qn;s {kek lnfl okDiVqrk ;qf/ foØe%A

;'kfl pkfHk#fpO;Zlua JqrkS izoQ` frfl¼fena fg egkReuke~AA8AA
ikikfÂokj;fr ;kst;rs fgrk;]

xqáa fuxwgfr xq.kku~ izdVhdjksfrA
vkin~xra p u tgkfr nnkfr dkys]
lfUe=ky{k.kfena izonfUr lUr% AA9AA
eufl opfl dk;s iq.;ih;w"kiw.kkZ&

fL=kHkqoueqidkjJsf.kfHk% izh.k;Ur%A
ijxq.kijek.kwu~ ioZrho`QR; fuR;a]
futâfn fodlUr% lfUr lUr% fd;Ur% AA10AA
osQ;wjkf.k u Hkw"k;fUr iqjQ"ka gkjk u pUnzkTs Toyk%]

u Lukua u foysiua u oqQlqea ukyaoQ` rk ew/t Z k%A
ok.;sdk leyÄïjksfr iqjQ"ka ;k laLo`Qrk /k;Zr]s
{kh;Urs [kyq Hkw"k.kkfu lrra okXHkw"k.ka Hkw"k.ke~ AA 11AA
lwfÙkQlqèkk 59
;koRLoLFkfena dysojx`ga ;koPp nwjs tjk]

;koPpsfUnz;'kfDrjizfrgrk ;koR{k;ks uk;q"k%A
vkReJs;fl rkonso fonq"kk dk;Z% iz;Ruks egku~]
izkís hIrs Hkous p owQi[kuua izR;q|e% dhn`'k% AA12AA
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
uhjtjkftre~ dey'kksfHkre~ deyksa ls lq'kksfHkr
ejkyL; galL; gal dk
ekule~ eu% ekuljksoja p eu ,oa ekuljksoj
ruq"ks (ru~ $ vkReus- foLrkj;fl foLr`r dj jgs gks
yV~] eè;e iq#"k ,dopu)
fojlku~ jljfgrku~ jljfgr ('kq"d)
;ki; O;rhra oqQ# O;rhr djks
fuolu~ (fu $ ol~ $ 'kr`) okla oqQoZu~ fuokl djrs gq,
jlky% vkezikni% vke dk o`{k
nSf"Vdrka HkkX;Roa HkkX;Ro dks
fu"khnfr voyEcrs vkJ; ysrk gSA
oqQokZ.k% (Ñ $ 'kkup~) oqQoZu~ djrs gq,
lkS[;S% lq[kiwoZoSQ% lq[kksa osQ }kjk
viksgfr nwjhdjksfr nwj djrk gS
fon/hr oqQohZr djks
(fo milxZ $ Mq/k×k~ (/k) fof/fyÄ~] izFke iq#"k ,dopu)
o`.krs oj.ka oqQoZfUr oj.k djrh gSa
foe`';dkfj.ke~ fofpUR;dkfj.ke~ fopkj dj dk;Z djus okys
dks
60 'kk'orh
Lok;Ùke~ futk/hua Lo;a osQ v/hu

fo/k=kk czã.kk czãk osQ }kjk
Nknue~ vkoj.ke~ vkoj.k
loZfonke~ loZKkuke~ loZKksa osQ
vH;qn;s mUurkS mUufr esa
(vfHk $ mn;s] ;.k~ lfU/)
lnfl lHkk;ke~ lHkk esa
(lnl~ 'kCn uiqa- lIreh foHkfDr ,dopu)
okDiVqrk okfp iVqrk ok.kh esa oqQ'kyrk
;qf/ ;q¼s ;q¼ esa
fuxwgfr vkPNkn;fr fNikrk gS
tgkfr R;tfr NksM+ nsrk gS
opfl okfp ok.kh esa
(opl~ lIreh foHkfDr ,dopu)
izh.k;Ur% izlUua oqQoZUr% izlUu djrs gq,
ijxq.kijek.kwu~ vU;s"kke~ vfrlw{eku~ xq.kku~ nwljksa osQ vfr lw{e xq.kksa dks
ioZrhÑR; fo'kkyrka uhRok c<+k p<+k dj
âfn (âr~ 'kCn lIreh ân;s ân; esa
foHkfDr ,dopu)
fodlUr% fodkla oqQoZUr% f[kyrs gq,
osQ;wjkf.k fof'k"VkHkw"k.kkfu cktwcU/] HkqtcU/
ewèkZtk% osQ'kk% flj osQ cky
{kh;Urs fou';Urs u"V gks tkrs gSa
dysojx`ga 'kjhjL; x`ga 'kjhj
("k"Bh rRiq-lekl)
tjk o`¼Roa cq<+kik
izksíhIrs izTTofyrs tyus ij
m|e% ifjJe esgur
lwfÙkQlqèkk 61
vH;kl%
1- laLÑrHkk"k;k iz'uksÙkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) loZ=k dhn`'ka uhje~ vfLr\
([k) ejkyL; ekula oaQ fouk u jersA
(x) fo}ku~ de~ vis{krs\
(?k) lRdfo% dkS }kS vis{krs\
(Ä) ;% ;L; fiz;% l% rL; Ñrs ¯d Hkofr\
(p) lglk ¯d u fon/hr\
(N) fo/k=kk ¯d fofufeZre~\
(t) vif.Mrkuka foHkw"k.ka fde~\
(>) egkReuka izÑfrfl¼a ¯d Hkofr\
(×k) ikikr~ d% fuokj;fr\
(V) lUr% dku~ ioZrhoqQoZfUr\
(B) dhn`'ka Hkw"k.ka u {kh;rs\
(M) owQi[kuua dnk u mfpre~\
2- vèkksfyf[kri|ka'kkuka lizlÄaõ fgUnhHkk"k;k O;k[;k fo/s;k&

(d) o`.krs fg foe`';dkfj.ka xq.kyqCèkk% Lo;eso lEin%A
([k) {kh;Urs [kyq Hkw"k.kkfu lrra okXHkw"k.ka Hkw"k.ke~A
(x) izksíhIrs Hkous p owQi[kuua izR;q|e% dhn`'k%A
3- fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% dj.kh;k&
(d) lRdfofjo fo}ku~ 'kCnkFkkSZ --------------- vis{krsA
([k) lUr% --------------- izonfUrA
62 'kk'orh
4- fuEufyf[kr'yksd;ks% vUo;a fy[kr&

;Fkk& ;|fi uhjt&jkftra uhja loZ=k vfLrA (ija) ejkyL; ekula ekula fouk u jersA
(d) uhj{khjfoososQ --------------- A
([k) foifn èkS;ZeFkkH;qn;s --------------- A
5- fuEufyf[kr'kCnkuke~ vFk± fyf[kRok okD;iz;ksxa oqQ#r&

uhjte~] jlky%] ikS#"k%] foe`';dkfj.k%] tjkA
6- fuEufyf[kr'kCnkuka lkFkZoaQ esyua fØ;rke~&

(d) ejkyL; (i) vkJ;rs
([k) voyEcrs (ii) czã.kk
(x) v/quk (iii) fo'knhÑR;
(?k) fo/k=kk (iv) galL;
(Ä) ioZrhÑR; (v) lkEizre~
(p) uhjta (vi) vkez%
(N) jlky% (vii) foHkwr;%
(t) lEin% (viii) deye~
(>) ;'kfl (ix) dhÙkkSZ
7- vèkksfyf[kr'kCnkuka ikBkr~ foykseinafpRok fy[kr&

(d) ew[kZ% ---------------
([k) vfiz;% ---------------
(x) iq.;kr~ ---------------
(?k) ;kSoue~ ---------------
(Ä) mis{krs ---------------
8- lfU/foPNsn% fØ;rke~&
(d) ukyEcrs & u $ ---------------
([k) fo'ofLeUuèkqukU;% & fo'ofLeu~ $ --------------- $ vU;%
lwfÙkQlqèkk 63
(x) dks¿fi & d% $ ---------------

(?k) pkfHk#fpO;Zlua & p $ --------------- $ O;lue~
(Ä) pUnzksTToyk% & --------------- $ ---------------
9- (v) vèkksfyf[kr'kCnkuka leklfoxzg% dk;Z%&

;Fkk&uhjt&jkftre~ & uhjtS% jkftre~A
(d) vfyeky%
([k) okDiVqrk
(x) pUnzksTToyk%
(?k) vizfrgrk
(Ä) okXHkw"k.ke~
(vk) vèkksfyf[kr&foxzginkuka leLrinkfu jp;r&

;Fkk&oqQyL; ozra --------------- oqQyozre~
(d) ouL; vUrjs ---------------
([k) xq.kkuka yqC/k% ---------------
(x) izÑR;k fl¼e~ ---------------
(?k) midkjL; Jsf.kfHk% ---------------
(Ä) vkReu% Js;fl ---------------
10- vèkksfyf[kr'kCns"kq izÑfrizR;;kuka foHkkx% dj.kh;e~&

;Fkk&jkftre~ & jkt~ $ Dr
(d) nSf"Vdrka & --------------- $ ry~
([k) oqQokZ.k% & --------------- $ 'kkup~
(x) iVqrk & iVq $ ---------------
(?k) fl¼e~ & --------------- $ Dr
(Ä) foe`'; & fo $ e`'k~ $ ---------------
64 'kk'orh
11- vèkksfyf[kr'yksosQ"kq NUnks fufnZ';rke~&

;Fkk&vfLr ;|fi --------------- AAvuq"Vqi~ NUn%A
(d) rkor~ dksfdy --------------- leqYylfrAA
([k) Lok;ÙkesdkUr --------------- ekSueif.Mrkuke~AA
(x) foifn /S;ZeFkk --------------- egkReuke~AA
(?k) ikikfUUkokj;fr --------------- izonfUr lUr%AA
(Ä) osQ;wjkf.k u --------------- Hkw"k.ke~AA
12- vèkksfyf[kriafDr"kq dks¿yÄkï j%\ fy[;rke~&

(d) 'kCnkFkkSZ lRdfofjo };a fo}kuis{krsA
([k) okXHkw"k.ka Hkw"k.ke~A
(x) futâfn fodlUr% lfUr lUr% fd;Ur%A
(?k) jers u ejkyL; ekula ekula foukA
(Ä) ;kofUeynfyeky% dks¿fi jlky% leqYylfrA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(v) lekukFkZd'yksdk%
1- gal% 'osrks cd% 'osr% dks Hksnks cdgal;ks%A
uhj{khjfoososQ rq galks galks cdks cd%AA
2- egktuL; lalxZ% dL; uksUufrdkjd%A
iÁi=kfLFkra okfj /Ùks eqDrkiQyfJ;e~AA
3- vkRekFksZ thoyksosQ¿fLeu~ dks u thofr ekuo%A
ija ijksidkjkFk± ;ks thofr l thofrAA
4- vK% lq[kekjkè;% lq[krjekjkè;rs fo'ks"kK%A
KkuyonqfoZnX/a czãk¿fi ra uja u j×t;frAA
5- ;koRLoLFkks á;a nsgks ;koUe`R;q'p nwjr%A
rkonkRefgra oqQ;kZr~ izk.kkUrs ¯d dfj";frAA
lwfÙkQlqèkk 65
(c) NUnlka y{k.kksnkgj.kkfu&

1- 'kknZwyfoØhfMre~&
y{k.ke~&^^lw;kZ'oSeZltkLrrk% lxqjo% 'kknwZyfoØhfMre~**A
mnkgj.ke~
(i) osQ;wjkf.k u Hkw"k;fUr-----A (ii) ;koRLoLFkfena dysojx`ge~-----A
2- vuq"Vqi~ NUn% &
y{k.ke~&^^'yksosQ "k"Ba xq#Ks;a loZ=k y?kq i×pee~A
f}%prq"ikn;ksßZLoa lIrea nh?kZeU;;ks%AA**
mnkgj.ke~
vfLr ;|fi loZ=k uhja uhjtef.Mre~-----A
3- olUrfrydk&
y{k.ke~&^^mDrk olUrfrydk rHktk txkS x%A**
mnkgj.ke~
ikikfUuokj;fr ;kst;rs fgrk;A
4- mitkfr%&bUnzotzk misUnzotzk bfr o`Ùk;ks% la;ksxsu mitkfr% o`Ùka HkofrA
y{k.ke~&^^L;kfnUnzotzk ;fn rkS txkS x%A
misUnzotzk trtkLrrks xkSAA**
mnkgj.ke~
Lok;ÙkesdkUrxq.ka
5- ekfyuh&
y{k.ke~&^ûue;;;qrs;a ekfyuh HkksfxyksoSQ%A**
mnkgj.ke~
eufl opfl dk;s iq.;ih;w"kiw.kkZ---A
6- vk;kZ
y{k.ke~&^^;L;k% izFkes ikns }kn'kek=kkLrFkk r`rh;s¿fiA
v"Vkn'k f}rh;s prqFkZosQ i×pn'k lk¿¿;kZAA**
66 'kk'orh
mnkgj.ke~
(i) uhj{khj foososQ ----A
(ii) rkor~ dksfdy ----A
vk;kZPNUnfl fof'k"V% y;% xs;rk p HkofrA

rnuqlkjs.k vk;kZ;k% xkuL; vH;kl% dk;Z%A
(l) vèkksfyf[krkuke~ fgUnhHkk"kk;k% vkHkk.kdkuka lekukFkZdk% laLÑr iaDr;% vUos"VO;k%&

1- vkx yxus ij oqQvk¡ [kksnuk
2- lcls Hkyh pqi
3- nw/ dk nw/ ikuh dk ikuh
lIre% ikB%
foozQeL;kSnk;Ze~
¶flagklu}kf=kaf'kdk¸ cÙkhl euksj×td dFkkvksa dk laxgz gSA blds osQoy x|e;] osQoy i|e;]
x|μi|e;] ;s rhu ikB ik;s tkrs gSaA laxzg esa fLFkr izR;sd dFkk /kjk uxjh osQ jktk Hkkst
dks lquk;h x;h gSA vr% bl xzUFk dk le; jktk Hkkst (1018μ1063) osQ vuUrj gh ekuk
tkrk gSA
,d Vhys dh [kqnkbZ djus ij jktk Hkkst dks ,d flagklu feykA og flagklu jktk
foozQekfnR; dk FkkA 'kqHk eqgwrZ esa jktk Hkkst ml flagklu ij cSBuk pkgrk gS rks flagklu esa
cuh 32 iqÙkfydkvksa esa ls izR;sd iqÙkfydk jktk foozQekfnR; osQ xq.kksa rFkk ijkozQe dh ,dμ,d
dFkk lqukdj jktk dks flagklu ij cSBus ls iqu%iqu% jksdrh gSA izR;sd iqÙkfydk us jktk ls
;gh iz'u fd;k fd ^D;k rqeesa foozQe tSlk xq.k gS\ ;fn gS rks bl flagklu ij cSB ldrs
gks vU;Fkk ughaA*
izLrqr ikB mi;ZqÙkQ ^flagklu}kf=kaf'kdk* ls gh mn~/`r gSA blesa crk;k x;k gS fd fdl
izdkj jktk foozQe dks ;g lalkj vlkj izrhr gksrk gSA vius vkSnk;Zo'k os lEiw.kZ jktdks"k dks
nku djuk pkgrs gSaA blosQ fy, mUgksaus ^loZLonf{k.k;K* dk vuq"Bku fd;kA ml ;K esa lc
oqQN ifjR;kx dj fn;kA ;gk¡ rd fd leqnz dh vksj ls iznku fd;s x;s vf}rh; pkj jRu Hkh
czkã.k dks iznku dj fn;sA bl izdkj ls foozQe us vR;f/d mnkjrk dk ifjp; fn;kA
iqujfi jktk flagklus leqios"Vqa xPNfrA rrks¿U;k iqÙkfydk leonr~ ¶Hkks

jktu~] ,rfRlagklus rsuSo vè;kflrO;a ;L; foozQerqY;e~ vkSnk;ZefLrA¸
HkkstsuksÙkQe~ ¶ Hkks iqÙkfyds] dFk; rL;kSnk;Ze~A¸ lk onfr] ¶jktu~ ;LRofFkZuka
iwj;fr] rL;sfIlra nso% lEikn;frA** ;PpksÙkQe~μ
mRlkglEiUuenh?kZlw=ka] fozQ;kfof/Ka O;lus"olÙkQe~ A
'kwja o`QrKa n`<fuÜp;a p] y{eh% Lo;a ok×Nfr oklgsrks% AA
68 'kk'orh
,oa ldyxq.kfuokl% l foozQeks jktk ,dnk LoeuL;fpUr;r~μ

^vgks vlkjks¿;a lalkj%] dnk dL; fda Hkfo";rhfr u Kk;rsA ;PpksikftZrkuka
foÙka rnfi nkuHkksxfS oZuk liQya u HkofrA rFkk pksDre~μ
mikftZrkuka foÙkkuka R;kx ,o fg j{k.ke~ A
rVkdksnjlaLFkkuka ijhokg bokEHklke~ AA
vfi p
nkrO;a HkksDrO;a /ufo"k;s l@;ks u dÙkZO;%A
i';sg e/qdjh.kka lf@reFk± gjUR;U;s AA
foozQeL;kSnk;Ze~ 69
bR;soa fopk;Z loZLonf{k.ka ;Ka dÙkqeZ iq ØkUroku~A rr% f'kfYifHkjrho euksgjks

e.Mi% dkfjr%A lokZfi ;Klkexzh leârkA nsoeqfuxUèkoZ;{kfl¼kn;'p lekgwrk%A
rfLeUuoljs leqnkz àkukFk± df Üpn~ckz ã.k% leqnrz hjs izfs "kr%A lks¿fi leqnrz hja xRok
xU/iq"ikfn"kksM'kksipkja foèkk;kczohr~ ¶Hkks% leqn!z foØekdksZ jktk ;Ka djksfrA
rsu izfs "krks¿ga Rokekàkrqa lekxr%A** bfr tyeè;s iq"ik×tfya nÙok {k.ka fLFkr%A
dks¿fi rL; izR;qÙkja u nnkSA rr mTtf;uha ;koRizR;kxPNfr rkoísnhI;eku'kjhj%
leqnkz s czkã.k:ih lu~ rekxR;konr~ ¶Hkks czkã.k] foØes.kkLekukàkrqa izfs "krLRoa]
rfgZ rsu ;kLekoaQ lEHkkouk Ñrk lk izkIrSoA ,rnso lqânks y{k.ka ;Rle;s
nkuekukfn fØ;rsA** mDra pμ
nnkfr izfrx`Êkfr xqáek[;kfr i`PNfr A
HkqÄD~ rs Hkkst;rs pSo "kM~fo/a izhfry{k.ke~ AA
nwjfLFkrkuka eS=kh u';fr lehiLFkkuka o/Zrs bfr u okP;e~A
fxjkS dykih xxus i;ksnks y{kkUrjs¿oZQÜp tys p iÁe~A
bUnqf}Zy{ks oqQeqnL; cU/q;ksZ ;L; fe=ka u fg rL; nwje~AA
rLeS jkKs O;;kFk± jRuprq"V;a nkL;kfeA ,rs"kka egkRE;e~&,oaQ jRua ;}Lrq
Le;Zrs rínkfrA f}rh;jRusu Hkkstukfndee`rrqY;eqRi|rsA r`rh;jRukPprqjXcya HkofrA
prqFkkZnRz ukfíO;kHkj.kkfu tk;UrsA rnsrkfu jRukfu x`ghRok jkKks gLrs iz;PNsfrA
rrks czkã.kLrkfu jRukfu x`ghRok mTtf;uha ;konkxrLrko|KlekfIrtkZrkA
jktkoHk`FkLukua ÑRok lokZufFkZtuku~ ifjiw.kZeuksjFkkudjksrA~ czkã.kks jktkua n`"V~ok
jRukU;iZf;Rok izR;soQa rs"kka xq.kdFkuedFk;r~A rrks jktkonr~] ¶Hkks czkã.k! Hkoku~
;Knf{k.kkdkya O;frØE; lekxr%A e;k loks¿Z fi czkã.klewgks nf{k.k;k rksf"kr%A
rfgZ Roesr"s kka jRukuka eè;s ;ÙkqH;a jksprs rn~xg` k.ksfrA czkã.ksuksDre~] ^x`ga xRok
x`fg.kha] iq=ka] Luq"kka p i`"V~ok losHZ ;ks ;nzkp
s rs rn~xgz h";kehfrA* jkKksDra ^rFkk
oqQ#A* czkã.kks¿fi Lox`gekxR; lo± o`ÙkkUra rs"kkexz¿s dFk;r~A iq=ks.kksDra ^;nzRua
prqjXcya nnkfr rn~xgz h";ke%A ;r% lq[ksu jkT;a dÙkqeZ fgZ";ke%A* fi=kksDra ^cqf¼erk
70 'kk'orh
jkT;a u izkFkZuh;e~A* iqu% firk onfr ^;Lek¼ua yHkrs rn~ x`gk.kA /usu loZefi
yH;rsA* Hkk;Z;ksDra ^;nzRua "kM~jlku~ lwrs rn~xá
` rke~A los"Z kka izkf.kukeUusuoS izk.kèkkj.ka
HkofrA* Luq"k;ksDra ^;nzRua jRukHkj.kkfnoaQ lwrs rn~ xzkáe~A*
,oa prq.kk± ijLija fooknks yXu%A rrks czkã.kks jktlehiekxR; prq.kk±
fookno`ÙkkUredFk;r~A jktkfi rPNªqRok rLeS czkã.kk; pRok;Zfi jRukfu nnkSA
bfr dFkka dFkf;Rok iqÙkfydk jktkueonr~] ^Hkks jktu~] RoÕ;sofa oèk& lgtekSnk;±
fo|rs psnfLeu~ flagklus leqifo'kA* rPNªqRok jktk rw".kheklhr~A
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
iqÙkfydk & iqryh
leqios"Vqe~ & le~ $ mi $ fo'k~ /krq $ rqequ~ izR;; cSBus osQ fy,A
rsuSo & rsu $ ,o] mlh osQ }kjkA
vè;kflrO;e~ & vf/ $ vkl~ /krq $ rO;r~ izR;;] cSBuk pkfg,A
;LRofFkZuke~ & (;% rq vfFkZuke~)] tks ;kpdksa dhA
bZfIlre~ & bZIl~ /krq $ Dr izR;; bfPNrA
f'kfYiu~ & dkjhxjA
;PpksDre~ & ;r~ $ p $ mDre~] ,slk dgk x;k gSA
lekgwrk% & lE;o~Q vkgwrk%] vkefU=kr fd;s x;sA
rVkdksnjlaLFkkuke~ & rVkdL; mnjs laLFkkuke~ (vofLFkrkuke~) rkykc dh xgjkbZ
esa fLFkr
ijhokg & ifj $ og~ /krq $ ?k×k~ izR;;] fudkl
e/qdjh.kke~ & e/qefD[k;ksa dk
loZLonf{k.ke~ & loZLoa nf{k.kk ;fLeu~ rr~A ;K dk uke
xqáek[;kfr & xqáe~ (xksiuh;e~) vk[;kfrA xksiuh; dks dgrk gS
dykih & dykie~ vfLr vL;] eksj
foozQeL;kSnk;Ze~ 71
y{kkUrjs¿oZQ'p & yk[kksa ;kstu] ehy dh nwjh

iÁe~ & dey
bUnqf}Zy{ks & bUnq% f}y{ks] pUnzek ls 2 yk[k ;kstu nwj (vR;fèkd nwjh
ls vk'k;)
prqjÄõcye~ & ?kqM+lokj] jFklokj gkFkhlokj] iSny lSfud] budks feykdj
pkj vÄõksa okyh lsuk
O;frØE; & fo $ vfr $ Øe~ /krq $ Y;i~ izR;; chrus ij
Luq"kke~ & iq=ko/w dks
vH;kl%
1- laLÑrHkk"k;k mÙkjr&
(d) foØeL;kSnk;Ze~ ikB% dLekr~ xzUFkkr~ lÄfï yr%\
([k) mikftZrkuka foÙkkuka j{k.ka dFka Hkofr\
(x) /ufo"k;s dhn`'k% O;ogkj% dÙkZO;%\
(?k) tyeè;s iq"ik×t¯y nRok {k.ka d% fLFkr%\
(Ä) leqnz% jkKs fdeFk± jRuprq"V;a nÙkoku~\
(p) f}rh;jRusu fde~ mRi|rs\
(N) izhfry{k.ke~ dfrfo/a Hkofr\
(d) mikftZrkuka foÙkkuka ------------------- fg j{k.ke~A
([k) nkrO;a HkksDrO;a /ufo"k;s ------------------- u dÙkZO;%A
(x) rr% f'kfYifHkjrho ------------------- e.Mi% dkfjr%A
(?k) Hkks leqn!z ------------------- ;Ka djksfrA
(Ä) rLeS jkKs O;;kFk± ------------------- nkL;kfeA
(p) ;nzRua prqjÄõcya ------------------- rn~ xzgh";ke%A
(N) losZ"kka izkf.kukeusuSo ------------------- HkofrA
72 'kk'orh
3- vèkksfyf[krkuka inkuka okD;s"kq iz;ksxa oqQ#r&

foÙkkuke~] f'kfYifHk%] fxjkS] ,rs"kke~] nkrO;e~ jksprsA
miØkUroku~] fo/k;] xRok] x`ghRok] fLFkr%] O;frØE;] nkrO;e~A
5- lfUèkfoPNsna oqQ#r&
rsuoS ] ;PpksDre~] rL;sfIlre~] pSo] ;Pp] rnfi] lokZfi] lks¿fi] izkIrSo] psnfLeu~] rPNªqRok]
RoÕ;soe~
6- lizlÄõa fgUnhHkk"k;k O;k[;k dk;kZ&

(d) mikftZrkuka foÙkkuka R;kx ,o fg j{k.ke~A
rVkdksnjlaLFkkuka ijhokg bokEHklke~AA
([k) nnkfr izfrx`Êkfr xqáek[;kfr i`PNfrA
HkqÄ~Drs Hkkst;rs pSo "kM~fo/a izhfry{k.ke~AA
7- vèkksfyf[krkuka leLrinkuka foxzga oqQ#r&

foØerqY;e~] fØ;kfof/Ke~] ldyxq.kfuokl%] ;Klkexzh] leqnrz hje~] tyeè;s] iq"ik×tfye~]
nsnhI;eku'kjhj%] ;;kFkZe~] ;KlekfIr%] xq.kdFkue~] czkã.klewg%] izk.k/kj.ke~] jktlehie~A
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
vèkksfyf[krkuka lwDrhukeè;;ua ÑRok izLrqrikBsu HkkolkE;e~ vo/ÙkA
1- fe=ke~&
(i) fe=ka izhfrjlk;ua u;u;ksjkuUnua psrl%
ik=ka ;Rlq[knq%[k;ks% lg HkosfUe=ks.k rn~nqyZHke~A
;s pkU;s lqân% le`f¼le;s nzO;kfHkyk"kkoqQykLrs
loZ=k feyfUr rÙofud"kxzkok rq rs"kka foir~AA
foozQeL;kSnk;Ze~ 73
(ii) u ekrfj u nkjs"kq u lksn;sZ u pkRetsA

fo'oklLrkn`'k% iqalka ;kn`Ä~ fe=ks LoHkkotsAA dforke`rowQi&88
(iii) u rfUe=ka ;L; dksikf}Hksfr ;}kfe=ka 'kfÄïrsuksip;Ze~A

;fLefUe=ks firjhok'olhr r}S fe=ak lÄõrkuhrjkf.kAA uhfrdYir#&9-141
(iv) osQuke`rfena l`"Va fe=kfeR;{kj};e~A

vkinka p ifj=kk.ka 'kksdlUrkiHks"kte~AA i×prU=ke~&2-60
2- vkSnk;Ze~&
v;a fut% ijks osfr x.kuk y?kqpsrlke~A
mnkjpfjrkuka fg olq/So oqQVqEcde~AA i×prU=ke~&5-305
3- nkue~&
(i) /ukfu thfora pSo ijkFksZ izkK mRl`tsr~A
lfUueÙks oja R;kxks fouk'ks fu;rs lfrAA
(ii) ijksidkjk; iQyfUr o`{kk% ijksidkjk; ogfUr u|%A

ijksidkjk; nqgfUr xko%] ijksidkjkFkZfena 'kjhje~AA foØeksZo'kh;e~&66
(iii) v"Vknk'kiqjk.ks"kq O;klL; opu};e~A

(iv) Jks=ka JqrsuSo u oqQ.Mysu] nkusu ikf.kuZrq dÄï.ksuA

foHkkfr dk;% d#.kkijk.kka ijksidkjs.k u pUnusuAA uhfr'krde~&1-72
(v) iÁkdja fnudjks fodphdjksfr

pUnzks fodkl;fr oSQjopØokye~A
ukH;fFkZrks ty/jks¿fi tya nnkfr
lUr% Lo;a ijfgrs"kq ÑrkfHk;ksxk%AA
uhfr'krde~&1-74
v"Ve% ikB%
Hkw&foHkkxk%
izLrqr ikB eqxylezkV~ 'kkgtgk¡ osQ fo}ku iq=k nkjkf'kdksg }kjk fojfpr xzUFk ^leqnzlÄeõ %* ls
ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA nkjkf'kdksg laLÑr rFkk vjch Hkk"kk osQ rRdkyhu fo}kuksa esa vxzx.;
FksA ^leqnlz Äõe%* xzUFk esa î`fFkoh fu:i.k* osQ vUrxZr mUgksaus ioZrksa] }hiksa] leqnzksa vkfn dk
fof'k"V 'kSyh esa o.kZu fd;k gSA mlh o.kZu osQ va'k ;gk¡ ^^Hkw&foHkkxk%** 'kh"kZd osQ vUrxZr
izLrqr fd;s x;s gSaA
nkjkf'kdksg eqxylezkV~ 'kkgtgk¡ osQ lcls cM+s iq=k FksA mudk thoudky 1615 bZñ ls
1659 bZñ rd gSA 'kkgtgk¡ mudks jktin nsuk pkgrs Fks ij mÙkjkf/dkj osQ la?k"kZ esa muosQ HkkbZ
vkSjaxtsc us fueZerk ls mudh gR;k dj nhA nkjkf'kdksg us vius le; osQ Js"B laLÑr
if.Mrksa] Kkfu;ksa vkSj lwiQh lUrksa dh lRlaxfr esa osnkUr vkSj bLyke osQ n'kZu dk xgu
vè;;u fd;k vkSj mUgksaus iQkjlh vkSj laLÑr esa bu nksuksa n'kZuksa dh leku fopkj/kjk dks
ysdj foiqy lkfgR; fy[kkA iQkjlh esa muosQ xzUFk gSa&lkjhurqy~ vkSfy;k] ldhurqy~ vkSfy;k]
glukrqy~ vkjiQhu (lwiQh lUrksa dh thofu;k¡)] rjhdrqy~ gdhdr] fjlky & ,&gduqek] vkyes
uklwr] vkyes eyowQr (lwiQh n'kZu osQ izfriknd xzUFk)] fljZ&,&vdcj (mifu"knksa dk vuqokn)
muosQ iQkjlh xzUFk gSaA Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk vkSj ;ksxokfl"B osQ Hkh iQkjlh Hkk"kk esa mUgksaus vuqokn
fd;sA êTe&my~&cgjSu~* iQkjlh esa mudh vej Ñfr gS] ftlesa mUgksaus bLyke vkSj osnkUr dh
vo/kj.kkvksa esa ewyHkwr lekurk,¡ cryk;h gSaA blh xzUFk dks nkjkf'kdksg us ^leqnzlÄõe%* uke
ls laLÑr esa fy[kkA
vFk i`fFkohfu:i.ke~&i`fFkO;k% lIrHksnk%A rs p Hksnk% lIriqVkU;qP;UrsA rkfu p

iqVkfu&vry&fory&lqry&rykry&jlkry&ikrkyk[;kfuA vLeUers¿fi lIrHksnk%A
;Fkk¿Le}sns Jw;rs ijes'ojks ;Fkk lIrxxukfu r}r~ i`fFkO;k% lIrfoHkkxku~ o`Qroku~A
vFk i`fFkO;k% foHkkxfu:i.ka ;=k yksdkfLr"BfUrA rL;k% nk'kZfuoSQ% lIrèkk
foHkkx% o`QrLrku~ foHkkxku~ lIr vvfDye bfr onfUrA ikSjkf.kdkLrq lIr }hikfu
Hkw&foHkkxk% 75
onfUrA ,rku~ [k.Mku~ iyk.MqRoXonqi;Zèkks Hkkosu u Kk;Urs] ^fdUrq* fu%Js.kh

lksikuoTtkufUrA lIr ioZrku~ lIr oqQykpyku~ onfUr] rs"kka ioZrkuka ukekU;srkfu
izFke% lqejs QeZè;s] f}rh;ks fgeoku~] r`rh;ks gseowQV%] prqFkksZ fu"k/% ,rs lqejs ks#Ùkjr%A
ekY;oku~ iwoZL;ka] xUèkeknu% if'pek;ka oSQykl'p e;kZnkioZrsH;ks¿frfjDr%A
;Fkk¿Le}sns Jw;rs& ¶vLekfHk% ioZrk% 'kado% o`Qrk%A ,rs"kka lIr}hikuka
izR;sdekos"Vu:ik% lIrleqnkz %A yo.kks tEcq}hiL;kojd%A b{kqjl% Iy{k}hiL;
nfèkleqn%z ØkS×Pk}hiL;] {khjleqn%z 'kkd}hiL;] Loknqtyleqn%z iq"dj}hiL;kojd%
bfrA leqnkz % lIr vLe}sn¿s fi izdVk% HkofUrA o`{kk% ys[kuh Hkos;%q leqnkz ¿s fi
elh Hkosr]~ ija Hkxo}kD;kfu lekIrkfu u HkofUrA izfr}hia izfrioZra izfrleqnza
ukuktkr;ks¿uUrk tUrofLr"BfUrA ;k i`fFkoh ;s ioZrk% ;s leqnkz lokZH;% i`fFkohH;%
losHZ ;% ioZrHs ;% losHZ ;% leqnHsz ;% mifj fr"BfUr rku~ ^LoxZ* bfr onfUrA ;k
i`fFkoh ;s ioZrk% ;s leqnzk% lokZH;% i`fFkohH;% losZH;% ioZrsH;% losZH;%
leqnzsH;ks¿èkks Hkkxs fr"BfUr l ûjd* bfr onfUrA fuf'pra fdy fln~/S%
LoxZujdkfnoaQ lo± czãk.MkÂ fdf×pˆfgjLrhfrA rs lIrxxukfJrk% lIr xzgk%
Lox± ifjrks es[kykor~ ifjHkzeUrhfr onfUr_ u LoxZL;ksifjA vFk LoxZL; ;fn
eu vkdk'ka tkufUr vLenh;kLre'kZ bfr onfUrA LoxZHkw¯e oqQ'khZfr onfUrA¸
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
iqVkfu & Hksnk%] Hksn ;k iqV
vvfDye & vowQyhu ([k.M vFkok VqdM+k)
iyk.MqRoo~Q & I;kt dk fNydk
oqQykpyk% & oqQyioZr vFkok lkr ioZrksa dh ekyk
fu%Js.kh & fulsuh vFkok lh<+h
lksiku & fulsuh esa ,d leku nwjh ij yxus okys NksV&s 2 dk"B&[k.M
'kÄïo% & dhysa
76 'kk'orh
vkos"Vu:ik & vkoj.k djus okys

b{kqjl% & xUus dk jl] lqjk vFko efnjk
vkojd% & <dus okyk
elh & L;kgh
es[kykor~ & es[kyk vFkok Ük`Ä~[kyk osQ leku
^v'kZ* & vkdk'k vFkok xxu] LoxZ osQ Åij dh Nr (iQkjlh 'kCn)
ôqQ'khZ* & ijes'oj dk ¯lgklu vFkok LoxZHkwfe] ôqQ'khZ* dks vkBok¡
vkleku Hkh dgk x;k gSA (iQkjlh 'kCn)
vH;kl%
(d) i`fFkO;k% dfr Hksnk%\
([k) i`fFkO;k% lIriqVkuka ukekfu dkfu lfUr\
(x) ioZrk% dfr lfUr\
(?k) leqnzk% dfr lfUr\
(Ä) nf/leqnz% dL; }hiL;kojd%\
(p) ^v'kZ* bfr ina dLeS iz;qDre~\
(N) ôqQ'khZ* bfr ina dfLeUuFksZ iz;qDre~\
(t) ^vLe}sn* bfr 'kCn% nkjkf'kdksgsu dL; xzUFkL; Ñrs iz;qDr%\
2- fgUnhHkk"k;k vk'k;a fy[kr&

,rku~ [k.Mku~ iyk.MqRoXonqi;Z/ksHkkosu u Kk;Urs] fdUrq fu%Js.kh&lksikuoTtkufUrA
lIrioZrku~ lIroqQykpyku~ onfUr] rs"kka ioZrkuka ukekU;srkfu&izFke% lqe#s eZè;s] f}rh;ks fgeoku~]
r`rh;ks gseowQV%] prqFkksZ fu"kèk% ,rs lqesjks#Ùkjr%A
3- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka LolaLÑrokD;s"kq iz;ksxa oqQ#r&

iqVkfu] Ñroku~] vkos"Vu:ik] losZH;%] czãk.Mkr~] ifjHkzefUrA
Hkw&foHkkxk% 77
4- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka lfU/foPNsna oqQ#r&

iqVkU;qP;Urs] vLeUers] iyk.MqRoXonqi;Z/ksHkkosu] lksikuoTtkufUr] lqesjks#Ùkjr%] leqnzks¿fi]
fdf×pˆfgjLrhfr] vLenh;kLre'kZ
5- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka i;kZ;okfpinkfu fy[kr&
i`fFkoh] ioZr%] leqnz%] xxue~] LoxZ%
6- fjDrLFkkukuke~ iwfrZ% fo/s;k&
(d) ikSjkf.kdkLrq ---------------- }hikfu onfUr
([k) lIr ---------------- lIroqQykpyku~ onfUr
(x) ---------------- tEcq}hiL;kojd%
(?k) LoxZHkw¯e ---------------- onfUr
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) laLÑrokÄ~e;s Hkwxksy&[kxksyfo"k;oaQ Kkua izkpq;sZ.k miyH;rsA
;Fkk&lw;Zfl¼kUrkfn'kkL=ks"kq&
Hkxou~! fdEizek.kk Hkw% fdekdkjk fdekJ;kA
¯dfoHkkxk dFka pk=k lIrikrkyHkwe;%AA
vgksjk=kO;oLFkka p fon/kfr dFka jfo%A
dFka i;sZfr olq/ka Hkqoukfu foHkko;u~AA
dFka i;sZfr olq/ka Hkqoukfu foHkko;u~A
Hkwes#i;qZi;ZwèokZ% fdeqRls/k% fdeUrjk%AA
([k) ôqQykpyk%* lIrioZrkuka ekyk vfLrA laLÑrokÄ~e;s ,rs lIr ioZrk%
egsUnzks ey;% lá% 'kqfDreku~ ½{kioZr%A
foUè;'p ikfj;k=k'p lIrSrs oqQyioZrk%AA
(x) vfLeu~ ikBs of.kZrkuka HkkSxksfydrF;kuka rqyuk vk/qfudHkwxksy&foKkusu izekf.krrF;S%
lg dj.kh;kA
(?k) lIr/k bfr ina vuql`R; v/ksfyf[krS% la[;kokfpfHk% 'kCnS% inkfu fuekZrO;kfu
,de~] f}] f=k] prqj~] i×p] --------
uoe% ikB%
dk;± ok lk/;s;e~] nsga ok

ikr;s;e~
iz L rq r ikB vfEcdknÙkO;kl }kjk jfpr ^f'kojktfot;* uked ,s f rgkfld
miU;kl osQ izFke fojke osQ prqFkZ fu%'okl ls ladfyr gSA
blosQ jpf;rk vfEcdknÙkO;kl cgqeq[kh izfrHkk osQ èkuh FksA
bUgksaus laLÑr o fgUnh esa 'krkf/d xz U Fkksa dh jpuk dhA
budh Ñfr;ksa esa vfHkO;Dr vn~Hkqr dYiuk'kfDr ,oa ik=kksa
osQ pfj=k esa iznf'kZr mPp vkn'kks± us fo}Ttuksa dks viuh
vksj vkÑ"V fd;kA
izLrqr ikB esa ;g n'kkZ;k x;k gS fd tks ohj] fo'oklik=k]
deZ B o n`<ladYi okys gksrs gS a ] mUgsa ekuoh; ,oa iz k Ñfrd
fdlh Hkh iz d kj dh ck/k;sa vius ladfYir y{; dks iz k Ir djus
ls ugha jksd ldrha] ladfYir dk;Z dks iwjk djus esa pkgs
muosQ iz k .k Hkh D;ksa u pys tk;asA
f'kokth dk fo'oklik=k ,oa deZB nwr (xqIrpj) vius fufnZ"V
dk;ks± dks iwjk djus osQ fy, ¯lgnqxZ ls i=k ysdj rksj.knqxZ
tkrk gSA jkLrs esa vusd iz d kj dh Hkh"k.k iz k Ñfrd ckèkkvksa
osQ ckn Hkh og rfud Hkh fopfyr ugha gksrk gS rFkk vius
ladfYir y{; dh vksj c<+rk gh tkrk gS A og dgrk gS & ^dk;± ok
lk/;s;e~] nsga ok ikr;s;e~*&vFkkZr~&^dk;Z fl¼ d:¡xk ;k
nsg R;kx dj nw¡xk*A ;gh Hkko izLrqr x|ka'k esa of.kZr gSA
eklks¿;ek"kk<%] vfLr p lk;a le;%] vLra ftxfe"kqHkZxoku~ HkkLdj% flUnwj&
nz o &Lukrkukfeo ojQ.k&fnxoyfEcukejQ.k&okfjokgkukeH;Urja iz f o"V%A
dk;± ok lk/;s;e~] nsga ok ikr;s;e~ 79
dyfoÄ ï k 'pkVoS Q j& jQrS % ifjiw . kZ s " kq uhMs " kq

iz f rfuorZ U rs A oukfu iz f r{k.kef/dkfèkdka
';kerka dy;fUrA vFkkdLekr~ ifjrks es ? kekyk
ioZ r Js . kho iz k nq j Hkw r ~ ] {k.ka lw { efoLrkjk]
ijr% iz d fVr&f'k[kfj f'k[kj&foMEcuk] vFk
n f ' k Z r & n h ? k Z &
'kq . Mef.Mr&fnxUr&nUrkoy&Hk;kudkdkjk rr%
ikjLifjd&la ' ys " k&fofgr& egkUèkdkjk p leLra
xxurya i;Z P Nnhr~ A
vfLeu~ le;s ,d% "kks M 'ko"kZ & ns ' kh;ks
xkS j ks ;q o k g;s u ioZ r Js . khjQi;q Z i fj xPNfr
LeA ,"k lq ? kfVrn` < 'kjhj%
';ke&';keS x q Z P N&xq P NS % oq Q f×pr&oq Q f×prS %
dp&dykiS % deuh;&diks y ikfy% nw j kxeuk;klo'ks u
lw { e&ekS f Drd&iVys u s o Los n fcUnq & oz t s u
lekPNkfnr&yykV&diksy&uklkxzksÙkjks"B%
iz l Â&onukEHkks t & iz n f'kZ r &n` < fl¼kUr&
egksRlkg%] jktrlw=k&f'kYio`Qr&cgqy&pkdpD;&oØ&
gfjrks " .kh"k&'kks f Hkr%] gfjrs u S o p
d×pq o s Q u&O;w < xw < pjrk&dk;Z % ] dks ¿ fi f'koohjL;
fo'oklik=ka fla g nq x kZ r ~ rL;S o i=keknk;
rks j .knq x ± iz ; kfrA
80 'kk'orh
rkondLeknq f RFkrks egku~ >×>kokr%] ,d%

lk;a l e;iz ; q D r% LoHkko& o` Ù kks ¿ Uèkdkj%] l p
f}xq f .krks es ? kekykfHk%A >×>kokrks ¼ w r S %
js . kq f Hk% 'kh.kZ i =kS % oq Q lq e ijkxS %
'kq " diq " iS ' p iq u js " k }S x q . ;a iz k Ir%A bg
ioZ r &Js . khr% ioZ r Js . kh%] oukn~ oukfu]
f'k[kjkfPN[kjkf.k iz i krkr~ iz i krku~ ] vf/
R;dkrks ¿ f/R;dk%] miR;dkr miR;dk%] u dks ¿ fi
ljyks ekxZ % ] ukuq n ~ H ks f nuh Hkw f e%] iUFkk%
vfi p ukoyks D ;rs A {k.ks & {k.ks g;L;
[kq j kf'pDd.k&ik"kk.k&[k.Ms " kq iz L [kyfUrA
ins ins nks / w ; ekuk% o` { k'kk[kk%
lEeq [ kek?ufUr] ija n` < lÄ ï Y iks ¿ ;a lknh
(v'okjks g h) u Lodk;kZ n ~ fojefrA ifjr%
l&gMgMk'kCna nks / w ; ekukuka ijLlgÏ&o` { kk.kka ]
okrk?kkr&la t kr& ik"kk.k&ikrkuka iz i krkuke~ ]
egkU/rels u xz L ;ekukukfeo lÙokuka ØUnuL; p
Hk;kuos Q u Lous u doyho` Q rfeo xxurye~ A ija
¶ns g a ok ikr;s ; a dk;± ok lkèk;s ; e~ ¸ bfr
o` Q riz f rKks ¿ lkS f'koohjpjks futdk;kZ Â
fojefrA
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
ftxfe"kq% & tkus os Q bPNq d _ xe~ $ lu~ $ m_ bPNkFkZ d
^lu~* izR;;A
flUnwjnzoLukrkuke~ & flUnwj osQ ?kksy ls Luku fd;s gq,A

Lukrkuke~ & ".kk ('kkSps) $ Dr izR;;A "k"Bh foHkfDr
cgqopuA
o#.kfno~Q & if'pefn'kk_ o#.kL; fno~Q_ o#.knso dks
if'pe fn'kk dk vf/ifr ekuk tkrk gSA
o#.kfnxoyfEcuke~ & o#.kfn'k% voyEcua 'khya ;s"kka rsA
rs"kke~A vo $ yEc~ $ bu~ izR;;A
v#.kokfjokgkuke~ & ykfyek;qDr cknyksa osQ_ v#.kk'p rs
okfjokgk'pA rs"kke~A okfj ogfUr bfr
okfjokgk% ¾ es?kk%
dyfoÄïk% & i{kh (xkSjS;k)
pkVoSQj% & if{k'kkodksa osQ }kjkA pVdL; viR;a
pkVoSQj%A pVdk $ ,jp~ izR;;A xkSjS;k
dk cPpk
izfr{k.ke~ & iy&iyA {k.ka {k.ke~ ¾ iz f r{k.ke~A vO;;A
uhMs"kq & ?kksalyksa esaA uiqaldfyÄõ] lIreh
cgqopuA
';kerke~ & dkysiu dksA ';keL; Hkko% ¾ ';kerkA
HkkokFkZ esa ^ry~* izR;;A ';ke $ ry~
dy;fUr & izkIr djrs gSaA dy (xrkS lÄ~[;kus p) $
f.kp~] yV~ ydkj iz F ke iq#"k] cgqopuA
pqjkfnx.k
vFk & vuUrje~A vO;;A
nf'kZrnh?kZ'kq.Mef.Mr & yEch&yEch lw¡Mksa ls
lq'kksfHkr fnXxtksa osQ leku
fnxUrnUrkoyHk;kudkdkjk Hk;kud vkdkj okyh (es?kekyk)
nh?kZ'pklkS 'kq.M'p ¾ nh?kZ'kq.M%A nf'kZr'pkrks
nh?kZ'kq.M'pA nf'kZrnh?kZ'kq.M%A nf'kZrnh?kZ'kq.Msu ef.Mr%A
82 'kk'orh
fn'kke~ vUrk% fnxUrk%A 'kksHkukS

nUrkS vL; bfr nUrkoy%A fnxUrk ,o
nUrkoyk% fnxUrnUrkoyk%A
nh?kZ'kq.Mef.Mrk'p rs
f n x U r n U r k o y k ' p A
nf'kZrnh?kZ'kq.Mef.MrfnxUrnUrkoyk%A
Hk;ukd'p vlkS vkdkj'p Hk;kudkdkj%A
nf'kZrnh?kZ'kq.Mef.MrfnxUr&
nUrkoyk bo Hk;kudkdkj% ;L;k lk
(es?kekyk)
izdfVrf'k[kfjf'k[kjfoMEcuk & ioZr f'k[kjksa dk
vuqdj.k djus okyh (es?kekyk)
f'k[kfj.kka f'k[kjkf.k f'k[kfjf'k[kjkf.kA f'k[kfjf'k[kjk.kka
foMEcua ¾ f'k[kfjf'k[kjfoMEcue~ A iz d fVra &
f'k[kfjf'k[kjfoMEcua ;;k lk (es?kekyk)
es?kekyk leLra xxurya & es?kekyk us leLr xxu e.My dks vkPNkfnr dj
ifjr% i;ZPNnhr~ fy;kA îfjr%* vO;; osQ iz;ksx ls ^xxurya* vkSj
^leLra* inksa esa f}rh;k foHkfDr gqbZ gS & ^vfHkr%
ifjr%le;kfud"kkgkizfr;ksxs¿fi* bl vuq'kklu lsA
ifjr% & pkjksa vksj
izknqjHkwr~ & izdV gqbZA izknql~ $ Hkw $ yqÄ~ ydkj] izFke iq#"k
,dopu
ikjLifjdla'ys"ks.k & (cknyksa osQ)ijLij fey tkus ls
i;ZPNnhr~ & <d fy;k gSA (O;kIr gks xbZ)A ifj $ vPNnhr~A
Nn (laoj.ks) yqÄ~ ydkj] izFke iq#"k ,dopu
"kksM'ko"kZns'kh;% & yxHkx lksyg o"kZ dkA ^yxHkx* bl vFkZ esa ^dYi*
^ns';* ;k ^ns'kh;j~* izR;; yxrs gSaA ;gk¡ ^ns'kh;j~*
izR;; yxk gSA "kksM'ko"kZ $ ns'kh;j~
oqQf×proqQf×prS% & ?kq?¡ kjkysA oqQ×p~ (xfr&dkSfVY;kyihHkkos"kq) $ Dr izR;;A
dpdykiS% & osQ'k lewgksa osQ }kjkA dpkuka

dykik% rS %
deuh;diksyikfy% & lqUnj xkyksa okykA deuh;s
diksyikyh ;L; l% de~ (dkUrkS ) $
vuh;j~ iz R ;;A
g;su & ?kksM+s ls
LosnfcUnqoztsu & ilhus dh cw¡nksa lsA LosnfcUnwuka
oz t % rsu
lekPNkfnryykV& & ftldk yykV] diksy] ukfldk dk
vxzHkkx rFkk
diksyuklkxzksÙkjks"B% Åijh vksBa (ilhus dh cwn¡ ksa ls) O;kIr gSA yykV'p
diksy'p uklkxz'p mÙkjks"B'p ¾ yykVdiksy&
uklkxzksÙkjks"Be~ (lekl esa ,dopu gksuk fo'ks"k gS)
lekPNkfnra yykVdiksyuklkxzkÙs kjks"Ba ;L; l% cgqohz fg
leklA
izlUuonukEHkkstsu & izlUueq[kdey ls
izlUuonukEHkkstiznf'kZr& & izlUu eq[k dey ls n`< fl¼kUr osQ egksRlkg dks
n`<fl¼kUregksRlkg% izdV djus okyk
jktrlw=kf'kYiÑrcgqy& & pk¡nh osQ rkj dh d<kbZ (f'kYi) osQ dkj.k vR;fèkd
pkdpD;oØgfjrks".kh"k'kksfHkr% pedus okyh rFkk Vs<+h c¡/h gqbZ gjh ixM+h ls
lq'kksfHkrA jktrlw=kL; f'kYisu Ñra cgqya pkdpD;a
;L; rFkkHkwra oØa gfjra p ;r~ m".kh"ka] rsu 'kksfHkr%
cgqozhfg leklA
vknk; & ysdjA vk $ nk $ Y;i~ izR;;
iz;kfr & tkrk gSA iz $ ;k (izki.ks) $ yV~ ydkj] izFke
iq#"k ,dopu
>a>kokrks¼wrS% & vk¡/h ls mBhA >a>kokrsu m¼wr%S A mr~ $ /w (dEius)
Dr izR;;
js.kqfHk% & /wyksa ls
84 'kk'orh
}Sxq.;e~ & nqxquk gks x;kA f}xq.kL; Hkko%A

f}xq.k $ ";×k~
vuqn~Hksfnuh & leryA u $ mn~HksfnuhA u $ mn~ $
fHkn~ $ bu~ $ Ähi~ iz R ;;
izikrkr~ izikrk & >jus osQ ckn >jus
vf/R;dkrks¿f/R;dk% & vf/R;dk (ioZ r osQ Åij dh Å¡ph
Hkwfe) osQ ckn vf/R;dk;sa
miR;dkr miR;dk% & ioZ r os Q ikl dh uhph Hkw f eA miR;dk
osQ ckn miR;dk;sa
nks/w;ekuk% & vR;f/d fgyus okysA iqu% iqu% vR;f/oaQ dEiekuk%A
/w×k~ $ ;Ä~ $ 'kkup~ izR;;
vk?kkr% & vfHk?kkrA pksVA vk $ gu~ $ Dr izR;;
egkU/relsu & vR;Ur vU/dkj lsA vdkjkUr uiqald 'kCn gSA
vUèk;fr bfr vU/e~A vU/a p rr~ re'pA vU/
rele~A egPp rr~ vU/rela p egkU/rele~A rsu
doyhÑre~ & xzflr gksrk gqvkA vdoya doya lEi|ekua Ñra
doyhÑre~A doy $ fPo $ Ñre~ izR;;
vk?ufUr & vk $ gu~A yV~ ydkj] izFke iq#"k] cgqopu
lknh & ?kqM+lokj
fpDd.kik"kk.k[k.Ms"kq & fpdus iRFkj [k.Mksa ij
lk/;s;e~ & fl¼ d:¡xkA lk/~ (lafl¼kS) $ f.kp~ izR;; $
fyÄ~ ydkjA mÙke iq#"k ,dopu
ikr;s;e~ & u"V dj nw¡xkA ir~ (xrkS) $ f.kp~ izR;;A fyÄ~
ydkj mÙke iq#"k ,dopu
vH;kl%
(d) lk;a le;s Hkxoku~ HkkLdj% oqQ=k ftxfe"kq% Hkofr\
([k) vLrkpyxeudkys HkkLdjL; o.kZ% dhn`'k% Hkofr\
(x) uhMs"kq osQ izfrfuorZUrs\

(?k) f'koohjL; fo'oklik=ka ¯d LFkkua iz;kfr Le\
(Ä) izfr{k.kef/dkf/dka ';kerka dkfu dy;fUr\
(p) f'koohjfo'oklik=kL; m".kh"ke~ dhn`'keklhr~\
(N) es?kekyk dFka 'kksHkrs\
2- lehphuksÙkjlÄ~[;ka dks"BosQ fy[kr&

v- f'kojktfot;L; jpf;rk d% vfLr\ ( )
(d) ck.kHk^%
([k) Jhg"kZ%
(x) vfEcdknÙkO;kl%
(?k) ek?k%
vk- dfro"kZns'kh;ks ;qok g;su ioZrJs.kh#i;qiZ fj xPNfr LeA ( )
(d) prqnZ'ko"kZns'kh;%
([k) }kn'ko"kZns'kh;%
(x) i×pn'ko"kZns'kh;%
(?k) "kksM'ko"kZns'kh;%
b- f'koohjL; fo'oklik=ka fde~ vknk; rksj.knqx± iz;kfr\ ( )
(d) laokne~ vknk;
([k) i=ke~ vknk;
(x) iq"ixqPNe~ vknk;
(?k) v'oe~ vknk;
3- fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;rA
(d) vFkkdLekr~ ifjrks es?kekyk ----------------- izknqjHkwr~A
([k) {k.ks {k.ks ----------------- [kqjkf'pDd.kik"kk.k[k.Ms"kq izL[kyfUrA
(x) ins ins ----------------- o`{k'kk[kk% lEeq[kek?ufUrA
(?k) ÑrizfrKks¿lkS ----------------- futdk;kZÂ fojefrA
4- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuke~ vFkkZu~ fofy[; okD;s"kq iz;q×trA

HkkLdj%] es?kekyk] oukfu] ekxZ%] ohj%] xxurye~] >×>kokr%] ekl%] lk;e~A
5- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka lfUèkfoPNsna ÑRok lfU/funsZ'ka oqQ#rA

n'ke% ikB%
nhucU/q% Jhuk;kj%
izLrqr ikB mfM+;k Hkk"kk osQ iz[;kr lkfgR;dkj Jh pUnz'ks[kjnkloekZ }kjk fojfpr îk"kk.khdU;k*
dFkklaxzg osQ laLÑr vuqokn ls ladfyr gSA
blosQ vuqoknd MkWñ ukjk;.k nk'k gSaA bl dFkk osQ uk;d Jhuk;kj dk ikyu&iks"k.k ,d
vukFkkJe esa gqvk gSA Jhuk;kj us viuh deZn{krk] nkf{k.; vkSj lsokeukso`fÙk ls lekt esa
vkn'kZ LFkkfir fd;k gSA og izfrekl vius osru dk vk/k ls vf/d Hkkx osQjy esa LFkkfir
vukFkkJe dks Hkstrs gSaA izLrqr dFkk esa Jhuk;kj dk yksddY;k.kdkjh vkn'kZ pfj=k of.kZr gSA
Jhuk;kj% osQUnzloZdkjr% LFkkukUrj.ksu vkxR; vksfM'kkloZdkjL; v/hus izk;%

o"kZ=k;sH;% dk;± djksfrA rFkkI;fLeu~ o"kZ=k;kReosQ dky[k.Ms ,dokjefi LojkT;a
osQjya izfr xeuk; bPNka u izdfVroku~ A l LoYiHkk"kh] vrLrL; eu%dFkk
euksO;Fkk ok cksèkxE;k ukfLrA lUrqfyrks okÙkkZyki%] lk{kkRle;s vkxeue~] rr%
lf×pdklq euksfuos'k%] dk;± lekI; Lox`ga izR;kxeu×p rL; oSf'k"V~;eklhr~A
rL; deZuiS .q ;a n`"V~ok ,o vksfM'kkloZdkjLra LFkkukUrj.ksu LohÑR; [kk|kiwfrZfoHkkxs
lfpoins fu;qDroku~ A xrL; o"kZ=k;L; vkdyukr~ Kk;rs ;n~ foHkkxL; dk;ZuiS .q ;a
n'kxq.kS% of/Zre~A [kk|s vifeJ.ka U;wuhHkwre~A vr miHkksDrÏ.kkefi vfHk;ksxks
ukfLr foHkkxL; foi{ksA efU=k.kka eè;s¿fi rL; lq[;kfr% orZrAs
Jhuk;kjL; nkf;Roxzg.kL; ,deklkH;Urjs cgqfnusH;% LFkfxrkuka fofo/
leL;kukefi lekèkkua tkre~A Lodk;± R;DRok vijL; lgdkjLrL; ije/eZ%A
l% izfrekla izFkefnols LoosruL; v/kZf/oaQ Hkkxa osQjya iz"s k;fr Le df'pr~
lEioZQ%A rsukuqeh;rs rL; jkT;su lg vfLr df'pr~ lEioZQ%A dkfupu
ey;kyeHkk"kk;k% laokni=kkf.k vfrfjP; dnkfi rL; ukEuk fdefi i=kEkkxrfefr
dks¿fi dnkfi u tkukfrA
nhucU/q% Jhuk;kj% 87
,dfLeu~ fnus Jhuk;kj% i=kesoQa /`Rok eLrdeoueÕ; iBu~ vklhr~A us=krhjkn~

foxfyrk vJq/kjk vknzhd Z jksfr Le i=kL; v/kZf/oaQ Hkkxe~ A rnkuheso rL;
dk;kZy;fyfid% Jhnkl%izfo'kfrA Jhuk;kj% reqDroku~&v/quk ee xeule;%
leqikxr ,oA ee nkf;RogLrkUrj.ki=kda lTthoqQjQA vge/quk f}=kk.kka fnolkuka
ldkj.kkodk'ka Lohdfj";kfeA iqu% rnuq Lohdfj";kfe nh?kkZodk'ke~ A ;fn
dLeSfpn~ vKkrsu e;k :{kks O;ogkj% iznf'kZr% L;kr~] rnFk± rs eáeqnkjfpÙksu
{keka iznkL;fUr bfr losHZ ;ks fuosn;rqA vuUrja losZ vJqyân;S% lkSiLz Fkkfudha
KkfiroUr%A
rL; xeuL; fnol=k;kRija dk;kZy;s i=kesdekxre~A dkSrgw yo'kkr~ Jhnkl%
rRi=keqn?~ kkfVroku~ A ysf[kdk vklhr~ lqJh esjh ;L;k% ik'osZ l% izfrekleèkkZfèkda
èkua /ukns'ksu is"z k;fr LeA i=ks ,oa fyf[kreklhr~-----
88 'kk'orh
Jhuk;kj!
Hkxoku~ ;h'kqLro eaÄõya foruksrq A ee iworZ ua i=ka Ro;k izkIra L;kr~A ro
lehis bna ee 'ks"ki=ke~A ;rks fg ee thouiznhiks fuokZfirks HkforqfePNfrA
izk;Lrokxeule;s vga u LFkkL;kfeA iwoiZ =ks&vgekJeL; loZfo/ek;O;;kdyua
iszf"krorhA dsoya ;h'kks% lehis xeukRiwo± ro n'kZufePNkfeA izFkea Ro;k
fufeZrks¿ukFkkJeks¿/quk egknzeq .s k ifj.kr%A v/quk=k 'krkf/dk vukFkf'k'koks ykfyrk%
ikfyrk'p HkofUr A ro gLr;ksLro vukFkkJea leI;Z vga lkSiLz FkkfudhfePNkfeA
v| lektLRoÙkks cgq fdefi bPNfrA ;kS dkS oka ro firjkS Hkorka uke] rkS
èkU;oknkgkSZA dnkfpÙkkH;ka Roa foLe`r% L;kr~ Roeo';esrku~ f'k'kwu~ laiks";
mÙkeeuq";ku~ dkjf;";lhfr ee dkeuk orZrAs izHkq% RoÙk bekesok'kka iks"k;frA
;ks tUe nÙkoku~] l thforqef/dkjefi nÙkoku~A Hkxoku~ Roka nh?kZthoua
dkj;rq A bfrAA
ro 'kqHkkdkaf{k.kh
lqJh% esjh
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
rFkkI;fLeu~ & rFkkfi $ vfLeu~] rc Hkh blesaA
cks/xE;k & cks/us xE;k] cks/ (Kku) osQ }kjk xE;] tkuus ;ksX;A
euksfuos'k% & eul% fuos'k%] "k- rRiq#"k lekl] nÙkfpÙk gksukA
izR;kxeue~ & izfr $ vkÄ~ $ xe~ $ Y;qV~] okfil ykSVukA
deZuSiq.;e~ & deZlq uSiq.;e~] lIreh rRiq#"k] deks± esa fuiq.krk
LohÑR; & Loh $ Ñ $ Y;i~] Lohdkj djosQ]
vifeJ.ke~ & feykoV
vuqeh;rs & vuq $ ek $ yV~ izFke iq#"k ,dopu] vuqeku
fd;k tkrk gSA
U;wuhHkwre~ & U;wuh $ Hkw $ Dr] de gks x;kA

vfrfjP; & vfrfjDr
foxfyrk & fo $ xy~ $ Dr $ Vki~] fudyh gqbAZ
voueÕ; & vo $ ue~ $ Y;i~] >qdkdj
nkf;RogLrkUrj.ke~ & nwljs dks izHkkj gLrxr djkuk
lTthoqQ# & lTt~ $ fPo $ Ñ $ yksV~ eè;e iq#"k ,dopu]
rS;kj djksA
/ukns'ksu & /uk; vkns'k%] rsu prqFkhZ rRiq#"k] euhvkMZj lsA
fuokZfir% & fuj~ $ okfi (f.kp~) $ Dr%] 'kkUr
vk;O;;kdyue~ & vk; O;; dk fooj.k
lkSizLFkkfudh & fonkbZ
firjkS & ekrk p firk p (}a} lekl) ekrk vkSj firkA
vH;kl%
1- laLÑrHkk"k;k mÙkjkf.k fy[kr&
(d) Jhuk;kj% oqQ=k xeuk; bPNka u izdfVroku~\
([k) foHkkxL; foi{ks osQ"kke~ vfHk;ksxks ukfLr\
(x) Jhuk;kj% LoosruL; v/kZf/da Hkkxa oqQ=k izs"k;fr Le\
(?k) Jhuk;kjL; us=krhjkn~ foxfyrk vJq/kjk fde~ vdjksr~\
(Ä) cgqfnusH;% LFkfxrkuka leL;kuka lek/kua dnk tkre~\
(p) Jhuk;kjL; ik'osZ i=ka d;k izsf"kre~\
(N) vkJes osQ ykfyrk% ikfyrk'p HkofUr\
(t) i=kysf[kdk dL; gLr;ks% vukFkkJea leI;Z lkSizLFkkfudhfePNfr\
90 'kk'orh
2- lizlÄaõ fgUnhHkk"k;k O;k[;ka oqQ#r&

(d) miHkksDrÏ.kkefi vfHk;ksxks ukfLr foHkkxL; foi{ks
([k) losZ vJqyân;S% lkSizLFkkfudha KkfiroUr%
(x) Ro;k fufeZrks¿;a {kqnzks¿ukFkkJeks¿/quk egknzqes.k ifj.kr%A
3- v/% leLrinkuka foxzgk% nÙkk%] rkukfJR; leLrinkfu jp;r leklukekfi fy[kr&

(d) dkyL; [k.M% rfLeu~ ¾ ---------------------------------
([k) deZlq uSiq.;e~ ¾ ---------------------------------
(x) f} p f=k p vu;ks% lekgkj%] rs"kke~ ¾ ---------------------------------
(?k) nh?kZ% vodk'k%] re~ ¾ ---------------------------------
(Ä) /uk; vkns'k%] rsu ¾ ---------------------------------
(p) thouL; iznhi% ¾ ---------------------------------
4- js[kkfÄrï inkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) Jhuk;kj% LoYiHkk"kh vklhr~A
([k) o"kZZ=k;L; vkdyukr~ Kk;rs ;r~ foHkkxL; dk;ZuSiq.;a n'kxq.kS% of/Zre~A
(x) rL; jkT;su lg df'pr~ lEioZQ% ukfLrA
(?k) i=kL; vèkkZf/oaQ Hkkxa vJq/kjk vknzhZdjksfr LeA
(Ä) Jhnkl% rRi=keqn~?kkfVroku~A
(p) Hkxoku~ Roka nh?kZthoua dkj;rqA
5- foijhrkFkZdinkfu esy;r&
(d) vkxR; (d) foLe`r%
([k) bPNke~ ([k) xRok
(x) LoYiHkk"kh (x) U;wuhHkwre~
(?k) izkjH; (?k) i{ks
(Ä) vf/dhHkwre~ (Ä) cgqHkk"kh
(p) foi{ks (p) lekI;
(N) Le`r% (N) y?kqthoue~
(t) nh?kZthoue~ (t) vfuPNke~
6- v/ksfyf[krkuka fo'ks";inkuka fo'ks"k.kinkfu ikBkr~ fpRok fy[kr&

okrkZyki%] o"kZ=k;L;] vJq/kjk] leL;kuke~] O;ogkj%] i=ke~] f'k'ko%A
7- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq izÑfrizR;;foHkkxa oqQ#r&

lekI;] tkre~] R;DRok] /`Rok] iBu~] laiks";A
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
1- izLrqrdFkk;k% ewyys[kd% JhpUnz'ks[kjnkloekZ vksfM;klkfgR;{ks=ks yCèkizfr"B% dFkkdkjks orZrAs
vL; tUe 1945 res bZ'koh;laoRljs vHkor~A vL; }kn'kdFkkxzUFkk%] ,d% ukV~;lÄ~xzg%
=k;% leh{kk&xzUFkk'p izdkf'krk% lfUrA ik"kk.khdU;k oksek p JhoeZ.k% izfl¼kS dFkklaxzgkS
Lr%A ^nhucU/q% Jhuk;kj%* bfr dFkk ik"kk.khdU;k bfr dFkklaxzgkr~ ladfyrkA
2- HkkjrL; izns'kk%& Hkkjro"ksZ v"Vk¯o'kfr&izns'kk% orZUrsA "kV~ osQUnz'kkflrizns'kk% lfUrA
3- v=kR;k% tuk% fofo/Hkk"kkHkkf"k.k% lfUr%A fgUnhe~ vkÄ~XyHkk"kka p vfrfjP; ey;kye&
rfey&mfM;k&cÄy õ k&xqtjkrh&ejkBh&dksda .kh&dUuM&vlfe;k&i×tkch Hkk"kk% v=kR;k% tuk%
onfUrA
4- i=kys[kua lkfgR;s izfl¼k fo/k orZrsA
izLrqrikBs lekxra i=ke~ voyksD; Lodh;ku~ fopkjku~ laLÑrsu fy[krA
,dkn'k% ikB%
mn~fHkTt&ifj"kn~
izLrqr ikB ^mn~fHkTt&ifj"kn~* if.Mr â"khosQ'k HkV~Vkpk;Z dh fucU/ iqLrd îzcU/ e×tjh* ls
laf{kIr djosQ fy;k x;k gSA JhHkV~Vkpk;Z dk le; 1850&1913 bZ- gSA laLo`Qr osQ vk/qfud
x|dkjksa esa budk vU;re LFkku ekuk tkrk gSA fucU/&ys[ku dh n`f"V ls rks ;s vf}rh; gSa gh]
laLo`Qr esa O;aX; 'kSyh dk izknqHkkZo buosQ gh fucU/ksa ls ekuk tk;sxkA ;s vksfj;UVy dkWyst]
ykgkSj esa laLo`Qr osQ izkè;kid FksA bUgksaus ^fo|ksn;* uked laLo`Qr if=kdk dk 44 o"kks± rd
cM+h ;ksX;rk osQ lkFk lEiknu fd;kA budk îzcU/&e×tjh* uked ys[k&laxzg&xzUFk 1930 esa
izdkf'kr gqvk FkkA bl xzUFk dh Hkk"kk vR;Ur ljy] ljl rFkk izokgiw.kZ gSA budh Hkk"kk esa
egkdfo ck.k dh 'kSyh dh Nki Li"V ns[kh tk ldrh gSA
mn~fHkTt 'kCn dk vFkZ gS& o`{k vkSj ifj"kn~ dk vFkZ gS lHkkA bl 'kCn dk vFkZ gqvk
ô`{kksa dh lHkkA* bl lHkk osQ lHkkifr gSa v ÜoRFk–ihiyA os vius Hkk"k.k esa ekuoksa ij cM+s
gh O;aX;iw.kZ izgkj djrs gSaA
mn~fHkTt&ifj"kn~ 93
vFk loZfo/foVfiuke~ eè;Hkkxs fLFkr% lqegku~ v ÜoRFknso% onfr&Hkks Hkks

ouLifroqQyiznhik egkiknik% oqQlqedkseynUrjQp% yrk& oqQyyyuk Üp!
lkofgrk% 'k`.oUrq HkoUr%A v| ekuookrSo Z kLekoaQ lekyksP;fo"k;%A ekuok uke
lokZlq l`f"V/kjklq fuo`Q"Vrek l`f"V%] thol`f"Vizokgs"kq ekuok bo ij&izrkjdk%
LokFkZlk/uijk ek;kfou% diV&O;ogkjoqQ'kyk% fgalkfujrk% thok% u fo|UrsA
HkoUrks fuR;esokj.;pkfj.k% flagO;k?kziez [q kku~ fgalRz oHkkou;k izfl¼ku~ 'okinku~
voyksd;fUrA rrks HkoUr ,o dFk;Urq ;kFkkrF;su fdesrs fgalkfnf=kQ;klq euq";sH;ks
Hk`'ka xfj"Bk%A 'okinkuka fgalkdeZ fdy tBjkuyfuokZ.kek=kiz;kstde~A
iz'kkUrtBjkuys lo`Qnqitkrk;ka LoksnjiwrkSZ ufg rs djryxrkufi gfj.k'k'kdknhu~
mi?ufUrA u ok rFkkfo/&nqcy Z thokuka ?kkrkFkZe~ vVohrks¿Voha ifjHkzefUrA
euq";k.kka fgalko`fÙkLrq fujof/%A i'kqgR;k rq rs"kke~ vkØhMue~A osQoya
foDykUrfpÙkfouksnk; egkj.;e~ mixE; rs ;FksPNa funZ;a p i'kq?kkra oqQoZfUrA
rs"kka i'kqigz kj&O;kikjekyksD; tMkukefi vLekoaQ fonh;Zrs ân;e~A
fujUrje~ vkReksUur;s ps"Vekuk% yksHkk=kQkUr&ân;k% euqtUeku% fdy izfr{k.ka
LokFkZlkèkuk; lokZReuk izorZUrsA u /eZeuq/kofUr] u lR;euqcèufUrA ija r`.kon~
mis{kUrs Lusge~A vfgrfeo ifjR;tfUr vktZoe~A veÄy õ feo mi?ufUr foÜokle~A
u LoYiefi fcH;fr ikikpkjsH;%] u fdf×pnfi yTtUrs eqgjq u`rO;ogkjkr~A ufg
{k.kefi fojefUr ijihMukr~A
u osQoyesrs i'kqH;ks fuo`Q"VkLr`.ksH;ks¿fi fuLlkjk ,oA r`.kkfu [kyq okR;;k
lg Lo'kfDrr% lqfpjefHk;qè; lEeq[klejizorZekuk ohjiqjQ"kk bo 'kfDr{k;s
f{kfrrys fuirfUr] u rq dnkfpr~ dkiqjQ"kk bo LoLFkkue~ vigk; iziyk;UrA
euq";k% iqu% Lopsrlk ,o Hkfo";r~ le;s la?kfV";ek.ka defi foiRikrekdyÕ;
ifjdEiekudysojk% nq%[k&nq%[ksu le;efrokg;fUrA ifjdYi;fUr p i;kZoQq yk
cgqfo/ku~ izfrdkjksik;ku~ ;su euq";thous 'kkfUrlq[ka euksjFkiFkknfr=kQkUresoA
vFk rs rkoÙk`.ksH;ks¿I;lkjk% i'kqH;ks¿fi fuo`Q"Vrjk ÜpA rFkk p r`.kk&
fnl`"VsjuUrja rFkkfo/thofuekZ.ka fo Üofo/krq% dhn`'ka uke cqf¼eÙkkizd"k± izdV;frA
94 'kk'orh
bR;so gsriq ez k.kiqjLlja lqfpja cgqfo/a fo'kna p O;k[;k; lHkkifrj ÜoRFknso

mn~fHkTt&ifj"kn~ foltZ;keklA
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
mn~fHkTt% & (mn~fHkT; tk;rs bfr mn~fHkTt%) ouLifr
foVih & (foVi $ bu~) o`{k
v'oRFk% & ihiy dk isM+
oqQyyyuk% & oqQyL; yyuk%] oqQy dh fL=k;k¡
lkofgrk & lko/ku
l`f"V/kjklq & l`"Vs% /kjk] "k"Bh rRiq#"k lekl l`f"V/kjk] rklq] l`f"V dh ijEijk
esa
fuÑ"Vrek & fuÑ"V $ rei~] vR;f/d uhp
ijizrkjdk% & ijL; izrkjd%] "k"Bh rRiq#"k lekl] nwljs dks ihfM+r djus okys
'okinku~ & taxyh tkuojksa dks
;kFkkrF;su & oLrqr%
Hk`'ke~ & vR;f/d
tBjkuy&fuokZ.ke~ & tBjkuyL; fuokZ.ke~ "k"Bh rRiq#"k lekl] isV dh vfXu] Hkw[k dh
'kkfUr
djryxrku~ & djryxrku~] gkFk esa vk;s gq,
mi?ufUr & mi $ gu~ $ yV~ ydkj] izFke iq#"k] cgqopu] ekjrs gSa
?kkrkFkZe~ & ekjus osQ fy,
vVohr% vVohe~ & vVoh $ rl~] ,d taxy ls nwljs taxy dks
fujof/% & vlhe
vkØhMue~ & vk $ dhM~ $ Y;qV~ izR;;] [ksy
mn~fHkTt&ifj"kn~ 95
foDykUr% & fo $ Dye~ $ Dr izR;;] Fkdk gqvk

mixE; & mi $ xe~ $ DRok (Y;i~ izR;;)] ikl tkdj
lokZReuk & iwjs eu ls (lHkh izdkj ls)
izorZUrs & iz $ o`r~ $ yV~ ydkj izR;;] izFke iq#"k cgqopu] izo`Ùk gksrs gSa
mis{kUrs & mi $ bZ{k~ $ yV~] ydkj izFke iq#"k cgqopu] mis{kk djrs gS
vktZoe~ & ½tksHkkZo% vktZoe~] lh/kiu
fcH;fr & Hkh $ yV~ ydkj izFke iq#"k cgqopu] Mjrs gSa
ikikpkjsH;% & iki'pklkS vkpkj%] ikikpkj% rsH;%] vuqfpr vkpj.k ls
fojefUr & fo $ je~ /krq $ yV~ ydkj $ izFke iq#"k cgqopu] #drs gSa
okR;;k & vk¡/h ls
vfHk;qè; & vfHk $ ;q/~ $ DRok (Y;i~) izR;; la?k"kZ djosQ
dkiq#"kk% & dk;j
iziyk;Ur & iz $ ijk $ v;~ $ yÄ~ ydkj] Hkkxrs gSa] izFke iq#"k] cgqopu
vxzr% & vxz $ rl~] vkxs
la?kfV";ek.ka & le~ $ ?kV~ $ 'kkup~ izR;;] ?kfVr gksus okys
ifjdEieku% & ifj $ dEi~ $ dkup~ izR;;] izFkek foHkfDr ,dopu] dk¡irk
gqvk
vfrokg;fUr & vfr $ og~ $ f.kp~ $ yV~ ydkj] izFkeiq#"k cgqopu fcrkrs gSa
i;kZoqQyk% & ifj $ vkoqQyk%] cspSu
vfrØkUre~ & vfr $ Øe~ $ Dr izR;;] izFke iq#"k ,dopu] ckgj tk pqdk gS
vI;lkjk% & vfi $ vlkjk%] lkjghu
izd"kZe~ & vf/drk
iqjLlje~ & iqj% ljrhfr iqjLlj% re~] vkxs
96 'kk'orh
vH;kl%
1- laLÑr Hkk"k;k mÙkjr&
(d) mn~fHkTtifj"kn~ bfr ikBL; ys[kd% d% vfLr\
([k) mn~fHkTtifj"kn% lHkkifr% d% vklhr~\
(x) v ÜoRFkers ekuok% r`.kor~ de~ mis{kUrs\
(?k) l`f"V/kjklq ekuoks uke dhn`'kh l`f"V%\
(Ä) euq";k.kka ¯glko`fÙk% dhn`'kh\
(p) i'kqgR;k osQ"kke~ vkØhMue~\
(N) 'okinkuka ¯glkdeZ dhn`'ke~\
(d) ekuok uke lokZlq l`f"V/kjklq --------------------- l`f"V%A
([k) euq";k.kka --------------------- fujof/%A
(x) ufg rs djryxrkufi --------------------- mi?ufUrA
(?k) ija r`.kon~ mis{kUrs --------------------- A
(Ä) u osQoyesrs i'kqH;ks fuo`Q"VkLr`.ksH;ks¿fi --------------------- ,oA
3- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka okD;s"kq iz;ksxa oqQ#r&

ek;kfou%] 'okinku~] fujof/%] foltZ;kekl] fcH;fr] i;kZoQq yk%] yTtUrs] fojefUr] dkiq#"kk%]
izdV;frA
4- lizlÄaõ fgUnhHkk"k;k O;k[;k dk;kZ&

euq";k.kka ¯glko`fÙkLrq fujof/%A i'kqgR;k rq rs"kke~ vkØhMue~A osQoya foDykUrfpÙkfouksnk;
egkj.;e~ mixE; rs ;FksPNa funZ;a p i'kq?kkra oqQoZfUrA rs"kka i'kqigz kj&O;kikjekyksD; tMkukefi
vLekoaQ fonh;Zrs ân;e~A
5- izo`Qfr&izR;;foHkkx% fØ;rke~&
fuo`Q"Vrek] mixE;] izorZekuk] vfrØkUre~] O;k[;k;] dFk;Urq] mi?ufUr] vkØhMue~
mn~fHkTt&ifj"kn~ 97
ekuok bo] HkoUrks fuR;e~] LoksnjiwfrZe~] fgalko`fÙkLrq] vkReksÂfre~] LoYiefi
7- v/ksfyf[krkuka leLrinkuka foxzga oqQ#r&

egkiknik%] l`f"V/kjklq] djryxrku~] ohjiqjQ"kk%] 'kkfUrlq[ke~
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(1) izpqjksndo`{kks ;ks fuokrks nqyZHkkri%A
vuwiks cgqnks"k'p le% lk/kj.kks er%AA pjdlafgrk
(2) ekuoa iq=kon~ o`{kkLrkj;fUr ij=k pA

iq=koRifjikY;kLrs iq=kkLrs /eZr% Le`rk%AA egkHkkjr vuq'kkluioZ
(3) ,rs"kka loZo`{kk.kka Nsnua uSo dkj;sr~A

pkrqekZls fo'ks"ks.k fouk ;Kkfndkj.ke~AA egkHkkjr vuq'kkluioZ
(4) ,osQukfi lqo`{ks.k iqf"irsu lqxfU/ukA

okflra oS oua lo± lqiq=ks.k oqQya ;FkkAA egkHkkjr vuq'kkluioZ
(5) ^^n'kowQilek okih n'kiq=kleks nzqe%**A

o``{kfo"kf;.;% bZn`'; vU;k lwDr;ks¿fi xos"k.kh;k%AA
}kn'k% ikB%
fdUrks% oqQfVyrk
;g ikB nsof"kZ JhdykukFk 'kkL=kh }kjk lEikfnr ia- Jh HkV~V eFkqjkukFk 'kkL=kh osQ fucU/laxzg
îzcU/&ikfjtkr%* ls ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA
ia- HkV~V eFkqjkukFk 'kkL=kh osQ firk ia- HkV~V }kjdkukFk t;iqj fuoklh FksA ia- HkV~V
eFkqjkukFk dk tUe t;iqj esa lu~ 1889 bZ- esa gqvk vkSj fu/u Hkh ogha 4 twu] 1964 bZ- dks
gqvkA vkidh iwoZt ijEijk vR;Ur izfrHkk lEiÂ jghA bUgksaus egkjktk laLÑr dkWyst ls
lkfgR;kpk;Z dh mikf/ izkIr dh vkSj ogha O;k[;krk cu x,A vki t;iqj ls izdkf'kr
^laLo`QrjRukdj* if=kdk osQ lEiknd jgsA HkV~V eFkqjkukFk 'kkL=kh iz.khr laLÑr dh jpukvksa esa
^t;iqjoSHkoe~*] ^xksfoUnoSHkoe~*] ^laLo`QrxkFkklIr'krh* vkSj ^lkfgR;oSHkoe~* fo'ks"k mYys[kuh;
gSaA buosQ vfrfjDr pkyhl dFkk,¡ vkSj lkS ls Hkh vf/d fucU/ laLÑr esa fy[ksA budh
^lqjHkkjrh*] ^lqtu&nqtZu&lUnHkZ%* vkSj ^;q¼eq¼re~* uked i| jpuk,¡ Hkh mYys[kuh; gSaA
;gk¡ ladfyr ikB esa Jh HkV~V th us fn[kk;k gS fd tc dHkh fdlh dFku ds lkFk
^fdUrq* yx tkrk gS] rc cgq/k og igys dFku osQ vPNs Hkko dks lekIr dj mls nks"kiw.kZ
vkSj lEcksf/r O;fDr osQ fy, nq%[k iSnk djus okyk] mlosQ mRlkg dk uk'kd vkSj 'k=kq:i
cuk nsrk gSA ,sls volj fojy gksrs gSa tgk¡ ^fdUrq* lEcksf/r O;fDr osQ fy, lq[knk;d fl¼
gksrk gSA
ys[k dh Hkk"kk ljy o lqcks/ gS] vyadkjksa vkSj nh?kZ leklksa vkfn dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k
x;k gSA Hkko lqLi"V vkSj lkekU; thou esa tulk/kj.k }kjk vuqHkwr gSaA
oqQfVysukequk ^fdUrq*&uk fd;Rdkykr~ Dysf'krks¿fLeA ;=k ;=kkga xPNkfe r=k r=kSokL;

'k=kqrk lEeq[kfLFkrk HkofrA vL; ^fdUrks%* dkj.kkr~ dfLeÂfi dk;sZ liQyrk
nq?kZVkfLrA cgwu~ okjku~ n`"VokufLe ;Rdk;± loZFkk lTta lEi|rs] loZid z kjS%
flf¼gZLrxrk Hkofr] ;FkSo liQyrk;k ewfrZ% lEeq[kekxPNUrh foyksD;rs rFkSo
Øwjks¿;a fdUrqeèZ ;s izfo'; lo± fouk'k;frA
fdUrks% oqQfVyrk 99
jkT;rks yC/k;k Hkwejs fHk;ksxks cgks% dkykUU;k;ky;s pyfr LeA vfLeÂfHk;ksxs

izkM~fookdegksn;ks fu.kZ;a Jko;u~ vokspr~ ---ô;a i';keks ;nfHk;ksÙkqQ%
i{kknko';dkfu lokZ . ;s o iz e k.kkU;q i fLFkrkfu lfUrA jkT;rks yC/k;k
HkwesnkZui=keI;qqiLFkkfirefLrA U;k;ky;su ifjKkra ;r~ b;a HkwfejfHk;ksÙkqQjfèk&
dkjHkqÙkQk¿fLr---------A*
vga fuf ÜpUrrk;k ,oaQ 'kkUra fu% Üokleeqpe~A e;k loZFkk fLFkjhÑra ;‰kX;&
y{ehjuqineso es dU/jk;ka fot;ekY;a iznnkrhfrA ija izkM~fookdegksn;% iqujxsz
izkokspr~ --- ^--------- fdUrq jktLo&foHkkxL; iz/ku% fdySdks¿f/dkjh ,rf}jksèks
,oaQ i=ka izfs "krokufLrA ,rnqi;Zfi y{;nkueko';da eU;kegsA* ee loks¿Z I;qRlkg%
iyk;k×pØsA ^fdUrq*&oqQUrks eekUr%dj.ka leUrkr~ ÑUrfr LeA futân;eo"VH;
U;k;a iz'kalu~ x`gekxee~A
n`"Va e;k ;ns"k ^fdUrq%* n;k/ekZfn"ofi vuf/dkjps"Vkrks u fojrks HkofrA
izkr% dkyL;So dFkkfLr--- /eZ O ;oLFkkidegks n ;L; lehis ,dks nhu%
djQ.kØUnuiqj%lja U;osn;r~--- êgkjkt! uookf"kZdh es dU;kA tkrL; rL;k
fookgL; v| r`rh;ks fnol%A uk|kfi prqFkhZdeZ lEiÂa ;su fookg% iw.kZ%
ifjx.;srA rL;k% ifr% lglk¿fez;rA gk gUr! rL;k vcks/ckfydk;k vxzs ¯d
Hkkfo\ vLrdeZl[a ;ko`¼kS ¯d eeksPpoqQyefi lgk;oaQ Hkfo";fr\ vkKki;Urq
JheUr% ¯d e;k lkEizra dÙkZO;e~A*
if.Mregksn;ks xHkhjreeqn; z k¿okspr~---^vo';fena n;kLFkkue~A orZekudkys
lektL; Hkh"k.kifjfLFkrs% i;kZykspu bnesoksfpra izrh;rs ;r~ ,oafo/LFkys
iqufoZokgL; O;oLFkk nh;sr--- ^fdUrq* o;a eq[ksu dFkesrr~ dFkf;raq 'kDuqe%A
izkphue;kZnkfi rq jf{krO;k L;kr~A*
oqQ=kfpr~ lks¿;a ^fdUrq%* furkUreuqrkia tu;frA vusdo"kkZ.kka ifjJeL;
iQyLo:ia efÂfeZresda uohulaLÑriqLrdeknk; lkfgR;eeZKL; ,dL; ns'kusr%q
lehis¿xPNe~A ûsr*` & egksn;% iqLrdL; xq.kku~ lE;o~Q ijh{; izlÂ% lÂokspr~-
-- îqLroaQ okLro ,o v‰qra fufeZrefLrA cgqdkykuUrja laLo`Qrs ,oafoèkk uohurk
n`f"Vxrk¿Hkor~A --- ^fdUrq* eRlEeR;ka rfnna iqLrda Hkoku~ laLÑrs u fofy[;
;fn fgUnhHkk"kk;kefyf[k";r~ rfgZ lE;xHkfo";r~A*
100 'kk'orh
x`ga izfr fuorZekuks¿ga ^fdUrq* o`Qrk;k vL;k eeZo/ s df'k{kk;k mifj leLrs¿fi
x`gekxsZ d.k± enZ;ÂxPNe~Avusu ^fdUrq*&uk eáa lk f'k{kk nÙkkfLr ;|ga lRiqjQ"k%
L;ka rfgZ iqujfLeu~ ekxsZ infu{ksiL; ukekfi u x`g.~ kh;ke~A
dnkfpr~ dnkfpÙo;a Øwj% ^fdUrq%* eq[kL; doyeI;kfPNufÙkA LoYi&
fnukukeso okrkZfLrA vk;qonZs ekrZ.ML; Jher% LokfeegkHkkxL; vkS"kf/a fu"ksO;
v/quoS kga uhjksxks¿Hkoe~A vfLeÂso le;s fe=kxks"B~;k fueU=k.ka izkIuoe~A Hkkstuxks"B~;ka
leosraq eekihPNk'kDrkS izkcY;L; izokg% iw.kZek=kk;ka izo¼Zeku vklhr~A vga
Lokfeegksn;eizk{ke~---^fdega r=k xUrqa 'kDuksfeA* mÙkjeyH;r--- ^rkn`'kh gkfuLrq
ukfLrA ^fdUrq* xfj"BoLrquks Hkkstus vo/kueR;ko';de~ v/qukfi nkScYZ ;efLrA*
mRlkgL; Tokyk ;k iwo± izp.Mrek vklhr~ v¼Zek=kk;ka rq r=kSo fuokZ.kkHkor~A
vLrq ;su osQukfi izdkjs.k Hkkstuxks"B~;kfo'ks"kkf/os'kus¿fLeu~ lfEefyrLRoHkoesoA
HkkstuihBs vf/dkja oqQoZÂo s kgei';a ;r~ lokZÄiõ .w kkZ ,dk HkksT;O; Û“ukuka izn'kZuh
lEeq[ks orZr bfrA /hjxEHkhjØes.kkga Hkkstudk.ML;kjEHkedjoe~A vga eksndL;Sda
xzklex`Êe~A rL; Loknlw=ks.k lUnkfurks¿ga ;FkSo f}rh; xzklex`Êa rFkSo
^Lokfeegksn;L; ^fdUrq* ee d.BufydkejQ/r~A eq[kL; xzklks eq[k ,ok¿HkzkE;r~
vxzs xUrqa uk'kDuksrA~ ^fdUrks%* Hkh"k.k&foHkhf"kdk izR;sdoLrqfu xfj"Brka lEik|
Hkkstua r=kSo lekIredjksrA~ *
vga ns'klsoka drq± x`gkn~ cfgjHkoe~A e;k fuf Üpreklhr~ ^,rkofUr fnukfu
Loksnjlsok;S fDy"Vks¿Hkoe~A bnkuha fd;Ura dkya ns'klsok;kefi y{;a nnkfeA*
;FkSokga ekxsZ¿xzsljks Hkokfe] rFkSo ee ckY;kè;kidegksn;% lEeq[kks¿Hkor~A
ekLVjegksn;su izLFkkugsrkS i`"Vs lfr lEiw.kZlekpkjfuosnua eek¿¿o';deHkwrA~
vè;kidegksn;% izkokspr~---^rkr] loZfena lE;o~QA fdUrq Lox`gkfHkeq[kefi
fdf×pf}yksduh;a HkosrA~ ;s"kka Hkj.kiks"k.ka HkoR;sok;Ùke~ rku~ fda Hkoku~ fujkèkkjeso
fueqPZ ; LoSja xUrqegsrZ A~ *
iqu% fdeklhr~A v=kSo ijksidkjfopkjk.kke~ bfrJhjHkwrA~ ^fdUrq*& egksn;su
ns'klsok;k% lokZfi fopkjijEijk ijikjs ijkoR;ZrA x`gkfHkeq[ka eq[ka oqQoZu~ rLekr~
LFkkuknso ijkofrZf"kA
fdUrks% oqQfVyrk 101
e;kuqHkwrefLr ;n;a oqQfVy% ^fdUrq%* ukukns'ks"kq ukuk:ikf.k lUèkk;Z xqIra

fopjfrA ;FkSo yksdkuka dk;Zfl¼sjolj% leqifr"Brs rFkSok;a izdVhHkw; yksdkuka
dk;kZf.k ;FkkofLFkreojQ.kf¼A vgesrL; ^fdUrq*&oqQBkjL; dBksjr;k furkUreso
rkUrks¿fLeA vga ok×Nkfe ;nsrL;kØe.kkr~ lqjf{krks Hkos;e~A ija uk;a eka
R;ÙkqQfePNfrA cgoks ekfeZdk ekecks/;u~ ;r~ ^Roe~ ,ra lEeq[kek;kUra n`"V~oo S
dFka fo=kL;fl] oqQr Üp ,ueilkjf;raq iz;rls\ fdesua loZFkk vfgrdkfj.keso
fuf Üprokufl\ usna lE;o~QA i'kq?kkrdL; Nqfjdkfi ik'kifrrL; xycU/ua fNÙok
le;s izk.kj{kka oqQoZrh n`"VkA* vgefi lR;L;SdkUrrks¿iykia u dfj";kfeA ,rL;
dFkuL; lR;rk;k e;kfi ifjp;% dnkfpr~ dnkfpr~ izkIrks¿fLrA
^'kCnS% izrh;rs ;n~ x`gs pkSj% izfo"Vks¿fLr* bfr lHk;euqyiUrh x`fg.kh jk=kkS
ekecks/;r~A vga fut'kkS;± izdk'k;u~ egrk ohjnis.Z k yxqMek=keknk; vU/dkj
,o pkSjfuxzgk; izpfyrks¿Hkoe~A x`fg.kh d.kZlehi vkxR; 'kuSjonr~---
¶vUèkdkjs¿fLeu~ ;kfl Roeo';e~] ^fdUrq* n`';rke~ l 'kL=ka u izgjsrA~ ¸
iqu% fdeklhr~A ee ohjniZL; 'kkS;LZ ; p izTTofyra T;ksfrLr=kSo fuokZ.keHkwrA~
pkSjfuxzg% dhn`'k%] futizk.kifj=kk.keso es vUos"k.kh;eHkor~A yxqMa izf{kI; dks"BosQ
fuyhuks¿Hkoe~A rr ,o p dfEir&d.Bsu phRdkjedjoe~&&^yksdk%! vkxPNr]
pkSj% izfo"Vks¿fLrA*
,osQu vequk ^fdUrq* & uk pkSjL; pisVkH;ks¿oeqP; lkS[;L; lqjf{krs
izdks"BosQ¿ga izofs 'kr%A vusu fdUrquk dfLeÂfi ladVle;s dnkfpr~ fdf×pRdk;±
dkea o`Qra L;kr~ ija Hkw;lk rq vLekn~ Hk;eso HkofrA vL; fg lkoZfnd% LoHkko
,o ;r~ okrkZ dkeeqÙkekLrq v/ek ok ije;a eè;s izfo"; rL;k% dFkk;k
foPNsneo';a dfj";frA vr,o dfLeÂfi le;s dk;Zlk/dRos¿fi yksdk vLekn~
fo=kL;UR;soA oSfj.kka Hkkjkorkjk; dnkfpr~ fgrkèkjk¿fi djokyèkkjk Øwjkdkjk
iz[kjizdkjk ,o izfl¼k yksoQs "kqA foxq.k% dk"kkZi.k%] oqQfRlr Üp iq=k% ladVs
dnkfpnqi;qÙkQks Hkosr~ ijUrq tulekts };ks#i;so Z uklk& Hkzl
w Äkï p
s ks tkrks tfu";rs
pA bneso dkj.ka ;r~ ;L;ka okrkZ;ka ^fdUrq%* mRi|rs rka okrk± yksdk foxq.kka
x.k;fUrA
102 'kk'orh
'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
vfHk;ksx% & eqdnek] vfHk $ ;qt~ $ ?k×k~] iqfYyÄõ] izFke iq#"k ,dopu
vfHk;ksÙkqQ% & eqíbZ dk] eqdnek pykus okys dk] vfHk $ ;qt~ $ rÀ ½dkjkUr
iqfYyÄõ] i×peh ,dopuA
nq?kZVk & vlEHko] nq%[ksu ?kVkf;rqa 'kD;k] nqj~ $ ?kV~ $ vk
oqQUr% & Hkkyk
eqnzk & eq[kko`Qfr
izkcY;L; & izcyrk dk] osxiwoZd] iz $ cy $ ";×k~] uiqald fyÄõ] "k"Bh
,dopu
fuokZ.kk & lekIr gks pqdh] fuj~ $ ok $ Dr] L=khfyÄõ] izFkeiq#"k] ,dopu
bfrJh% & lekfIr
ekfeZd% & rÙoK] fo"k;K] eeZ $ Bo~Q] izFkeiq#"k ,dopu
izkM~fookd% & tt] U;k;k/h'k
y{;nkue~ & n`f"Vikr] è;kunsuk] y{;L; nkue~] "k"Bh rRiq#"k
prqFkhZdeZ & fookgksijkUr pkSFks fnu fd;k tkus okyk deZ] prqFksZ vgfu fØ;ek.ka
deZ] eè;ein] yksih lekl
doye~ & xzkl
vo/kue~ & lko/kuh] ijgst] vo $ /k $ Y;qV~ izR;;
foHkhf"kdk & Hk;] Mj] fo $ Hkh $ f"kp~ $ .oqy~ $ Vki~] izR;; "kqdkxe vkSj
bRo
rkUr% & ihfM+r] ijs'kku
ifjx.;sr & fxuk tk,] ifj $ x.k~ (la[;kus) $ fof/fyÄ~
dUèkjk;ke~ & xys esa] xnZu ij (esa)
lkEizre~ & vHkh] orZeku esa] lEizfr ,o lkEizre~
xHkhjree~ & xEHkhjre] xHkhj $ rei~
i;kZykspus & ns[kus ij] lexz n`f"Vikr djus ij] ifj $ vk $ yksp~ $ Y;qV~]
lIreh foHkfDr] ,dopu (n'kZu] vadu)
U;osn;r~ & fuosnu fd;k] fu $ vosn;r~] fon~ (Kkus) /krq yÄ~] ydkj
f.ktUr] izFkeiq#"k] ,dopu
infu{ksi & dnej[kuk] in;ks% fu{ksi%] "k"Bh rRiq#"k
vuqrkie~ & i'pkÙkki] iNrkok] vuq $ rkie~
foyksD;rs & ns[kk tkrk gS] fo $ ykso~Q (n'kZu] vadu) $ ;o~Q] yV~ ydkj
vkReusin] izFkeiq#"k] ,dopu Hkkos iz;ksx%
vo"VH; & jksddj] vo $ LrEHk~ (vojks/) $ Y;i~ izR;;
ifj=kk.ke~ & j{k.k] cpko] ifj $ =kSÄ~ (ikyus) $ Y;qV~] uiaqldfyÄõ izFkeiq#"k
,dopu
vUos"k.kh;e~ & <w¡<us ;ksX;] [kkstus ;ksX;] vuq $ b"k~ $ vuh;j~ izR;;
yxqMe~ & ykBh] n.M
fuyhu% & Nqik gqvk] fu $ yh $ Dr izR;;
pisVkH;% & rkMu ls] FkIiM+ksa ls
oqQfRlr% & fufUnr] xfgZr
vH;kl%

(d) Hkwfefo"k;osQ vfHk;ksxs ^fdUrq*&uk dk ck/k miLFkkfirk\
([k) okD;eè;s izfo'; lo± dk;± osQu fouk';rs\
(x) ys[kdL; ns'klsok;k% fopkjL; dFke~ bfrJhjHkwr~\
(?k) usrègksn;% iqLrdiz'kalka oqQoZu~ ^fdUrq* iz;ksxsu oaQ ijke'kZe~ vnnkr~\
(Ä) Hkkstu&xks"BhLFkys dhn`'kh izn'kZuh lek;ksftrk vklhr~\
(p) Hkkstuxks"B~;ka ys[kdL; d.Bufydka d% v#/r~\
(N) /eZO;oLFkkid% fo/ok;k% iqufoZokgeqfpra eU;ekuks¿fi O;oLFkka fdeFk± u nnkS\
(t) x`fg.kh iR;q% d.kZlehis vkxR; 'kuS% fde~ vonr~\
(>) yksdk% fdUrq ;qDrka okrk± osQu dkj.ksu foxq.kka x.k;fUr\
(×k) fdUrks% lkoZfnd% izHkko% d%\
104 'kk'orh
2- mi;qÙkQ'kCnku~ fpRok fjDrLFkkukuka iwfrZ% fo/s;k&

(nq?kZVk] vo/kue~] lUnkfur%] Lokfeegksn;e~] laLÑrs] fookgL;] 'kkUre~] iyk;kaposQz ]
dkykr~] ladVs)
(d) vge~ ------------------- vizk{ka fdega r=k xUrqa 'kDuksfeA
([k) vL; ^fdUrks%* dkj.kkr~ dfLeÂfi dk;sZ liQyrk ------------------- vfLrA
(x) rL; Loknlw=ks.k ------------------- vga ;FkSo f}rh;a xzklex`Êa rFkSo ^fdUrq%* ee
d.BufydkejQèkr~A
(?k) xfj"BoLrquks Hkkstus ------------------- vR;ko';de~A
(Ä) foxq.k% dk"kkZi.k% oqQfRlr'p iq=k% ------------------- dnkfpnqi;qDÙkQks Hkosr~A
(p) jkT;rks yC/k;k HkwesjfHk;ksxks cgks% ------------------- U;k;ky;s pyfr LeA
(N) ee loksZ¿I;qRlkg% ------------------- A
(t) vga fuf'pUrrk;k ,oaQ ------------------- fu%'okleeqpe~A
(>) tkrL; rL;k ------------------- v| r`rh;ks fnol%A
(×k) cgqdkykuUrja ------------------- ,oa fo/ka uohurk n`f"Vxrk¿Hkor~A
3- vèkksfyf[krS% mfprfØ;kinS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

ifjx.;sr] ijkofrZf"k] vkfPNufÙk] eU;kegs] nh;sr] vfyf[k";r~
(d) iz/ku% ,oaQ i=ka izsf"krokufLrA ,rnqi;Zfi y{;nkueko';oaQ -------------------A
([k) x`gkfHkeq[ka eq[ka oqQoZu~ rLekr~ LFkkuknso -------------------A
(x) ;fn fgUnhHkk"kk;ke~ ------------------- rfgZ lE;xHkfo";r~A
(?k) bnesoksfpra izrh;rs ;r~ ,oafo/LFkys iqufoZokgL; O;oLFkk -------------------A
(Ä) dnkfpr~ dnkfpÙo;a Øwj% ^fdUrq%* eq[kL; doyefi -------------------A
(p) uk|kfi prqFkhZdeZ lEiÂa ;su fookg% -------------------A
4- lfU/&foPNsna oqQ#r&
(d) r=kSokL; ------------------
([k) lokZ.;so ------------------
(x) efUufeZresde~ ------------------
(?k) fdySdks¿f/dkjh ------------------
(Ä) };ks#i;sZo ------------------
5- izÑfr&izR;;foHkkx% fØ;rke~
(d) fueqPZ ; ------------------
([k) vknk; ------------------
(x) izfo"V% ------------------
(?k) vkxR; ------------------
(Ä) ifjKkre~ ------------------
6- vèkksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq foHk¯ÙkQ opua p n'kZ;r&

(d) dk;sZ ------------------
([k) vfHk;ksÙkqQ% ------------------
(x) ckfydk;k% ------------------
(?k) U;k;ky;su ------------------
(Ä) usrq% ------------------
(p) 'kDrkS ------------------
(N) vkS"kf/e~ ------------------
7- LojfprokD;s"kq vèkksfyf[krinkuka iz;ksxa oqQ#r&

fdUrq] xUrqe~] eáe~] foHkhf"kdk] Hkj.kiks"k.ke~] n`"V~okA
106 'kk'orh
8- foykse'kCnku~ fy[kr&
(d) foxq.k% ------------------
([k) 'kkS;Ze~ ------------------
(x) lqjf{kr% ------------------
(?k) 'k=kqrk ------------------
(Ä) /hj% ------------------
(p) Hk;e~ ------------------
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
1- LodYiu;k okD;iwfr± oqQ#r&
(d) vge~ mPpkè;;ua dÙkqfZ ePNkfe] fdUrq ------------------ A
([k) Nk=kk% d{kk;keqifLFkrk%] fdUrq ------------------ A
(x) l% xUrqfePNfr] fdUrq ------------------ A
(?k) o;a rÙkqfZ PNke%] fdUrq ------------------A
(Ä) rs dk;± dÙkqZfePNfUr] fdUrq ------------------A
(p) vokZphuk% tuk vfi izkphuka Hkk"kka ifBrqfePNfUr] fdUrq ------------------A
(N) fu/Zuk vfi /ufePNfUr] fdUrq ------------------A
(t) losZ tuk vkthfodkfePNfUr] fdUrq ------------------A
(>) ewdks¿fi oÙkqQfePNfr] fdUrq ------------------A
(×k) vè;kidk vè;kiua dÙkqfZ ePNfUr] fdUrq ------------------A
2- vèkksfyf[krkuke~ vkHkk.kdkuka lekukFkZdkfu okD;kfu ikBkr~ vUos"VO;kfu&

(d) eq¡g dk dkSj NhuukA
([k) oqQN fnu igys dh ckr gSA
(x) [kksVk flDdk vkSj [kksVk csVk Hkh le; ij dke vkrs gSaA
(?k) ukd&HkkSag fldksM+ukA
ifjf'k"V &1
NUn
NUn
i| fy[krs le; o.kks± dh ,d fuf'pr O;oLFkk j[kuh iM+rh gSA ;g O;oLFkk NUn ;k o`Ùk dgykrh
gSA
o`Ùk osQ Hksn
izk;% izR;sd i| osQ pkj Hkkx gksrs gSa] tks ikn ;k pj.k dgykrs gSaA ftl o`Ùk osQ pkjksa pj.kksa esa
cjkcj o.kZ gksa] os leo`Ùk dgykrs gSaA ftlosQ izFke vkSj r`rh; rFkk f}rh; vkSj prqFkZ pj.k o.kks±
dh n`f"V ls leku gksa] os v/Zleo`Ùk gSaA ftlosQ pkjksa pj.kksa esa o.kks± dh la[;k leku u gkss] os
fo"keo`Ùk dgs tkrs gSaA
xq# y?kq O;oLFkk
NUn dh O;oLFkk o.kks± ij vk/kfjr jgrh gS] eq[;r% Loj o.kZ ijA ;s o.kZ NUn dh n`f"V ls nks
izdkj osQ gksrs gSa& y?kq vkSj xq#A lkekU;r% ßLo Loj y?kq gksrk gS vkSj nh?kZ Loj xq#A fdUrq oqQN
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ßLo Loj y?kq u gksdj xq# ekuk tkrk gSA NUn esa xq#&y?kq O;oLFkk dk fu;e bl
izdkj gS& vuqLokj;qDr] folxZ;qDr] la;qDro.kZ osQ iwoZ dk o.kZ xq# gksrk gSA 'ks"k lHkh o.kZ y?kq gksrs
gSaA NUn osQ fdlh ikn dk vafre o.kZ y?kq gksus ij Hkh vko';drkuqlkj xq# eku fy;k tkrk gSA
lkuqLokj'p nh?kZ'p folxhZ p xq#HkZosr~A
o.kZ% la;ksxiwoZ'p rFkk iknkUrxks¿fi pAA
xq# ,oa y?kq osQ fy, v/ksfyf[kr fpÉ iz;qDr gksrs gSa&
xq# & ¿
y?kq & A
;fr O;oLFkk
NUn esa ftl&ftl LFkku ij fdf×pn~ fojke gksrk gS] mldks ^;fr* dgrs gSaA foPNsn] fojke] fojfr
vkfn blosQ ukekUrj gSaA
;frftZàs"VfoJkeLFkkua dfofHk#P;rsA
lk foPNsnfojkek|S% inSokZP;k futsPN;kAA
108 'kk'orh
x.k O;oLFkk
vkfneè;kolkus"kq Hktlk ;kfUr xkSjoe~A
;jrk yk?koa ;kfUr eukS rq xq#yk?koe~AA
rhu o.kks± dk ,d x.k ekuk tkrk gSA xq#&y?kq osQ Øe ls x.k vkB izdkj osQ gksrs gSaA
Hkx.k & ¿AA tx.k & A¿A
lx.k & AA¿ ;x.k & A¿¿
jx.k & ¿A¿ rx.k & ¿¿A
ex.k & ¿¿¿ ux.k & AAA
d- oSfnd NUn
oSfnd eU=kksa esa xs;rk dk lekos'k djus osQ fy, ftu NUnksa dk iz;ksx gqvk gS muesa xk;=kh] vuq"Vqi~
rFkk f=k"Vqi~ izeq[k gSaA
xk;=kh % ftl NUn osQ rhu pj.k gksa] izR;sd pj.k esa vkB o.kZ gksa og xk;=kh NUn gksrk gSA bldk
ik¡pok¡ o.kZ y?kq rFkk NBk o.kZ xq# gksrk gSA mnkgj.k&
ikodk u% ljLorh oktsfHkokZftuhorhA
;Ka o"Vq f/;k olqAA
(;tqosZn% &40@1)
vuq"Vqi~ % vuq"Vqi~ NUn esa pkj pj.k gksrs gSa] izR;sd pj.k esa vkB o.kZ gksrs gSaA
lÄ~xPNèoa laonèoa la oks eukafl tkurke~A
nsok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwosZ l×tkukuk miklrs AA
f=k"Vqi~ % ftl NUn osQ pkj pj.k gksa vkSj izR;sd pj.k esa X;kjg v{kj gksa og f=k"Vqi~ NUn gksrk
gSA mnkgkj.k&
lekuks eU=k% lfefr% lekuh lekua eu% lg fpÙkes"kke~
lekua eU=kefHkeU=k;s o% lekusu oks gfo"kk tqgksfeAA
(½Xosn% 10@192@3)
[k- ykSfdd NUn
izLrqr iqLrd osQ ikBksa esa vusd ykSfdd NUnksa dks Hkh ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA vr% ladfyr 'yksdksa
osQ NUnksa osQ y{k.k rFkk mnkgj.k izLrqr gS&a
ifjf'k"V 109
1- vuq"Vqi~ & vkB o.kks± okyk leo`Ùk

vuq"Vqi~ NUn osQ lHkh pkjksa pj.kksa dk ik¡pok¡ o.kZ y?kq] NBk o.kZ xq# rFkk izFke ,oa r`rh;
pj.k dk lkrok¡ o.kZ xq# vkSj f}rh; ,oa prqFkZ pj.k dk lkrok¡ o.kZ y?kq gksrk gSA bls
'yksdNUn Hkh dgrs gSA mnkgj.k&
ifrrS% irekuS'p] ikniLFkS'p ek#r%A
oqQlqeS% i'; lkSfe=ks! ØhMfUuo leUrr%AA
(jkek;.ke~)
2- bUnzotzk & (X;kjg o.kks± okyk leo`Ùk)
ftl NUn osQ izR;sd ikn esa nks rx.k] ,d tx.k vkSj nks xq# o.kZ Øe ls gksa og bUnzotzk
NUn gksrk gSA
L;kfnUnzotzk ;fn rkS txkS x%A
mnkgj.k&
galks ;Fkk jktri×tjLFk%] flagks ;Fkk eUnjdUnjLFk%A
ohjks ;Fkk xfoZroqQ×tjLFk'pUnzks¿fi cHkzkt rFkkEcjLFk%AA
(jkek;.ke~)
3- misUnzotzk & (X;kjg o.kks± dk leo`Ùk)
ftl NUn osQ izR;sd ikn esa Øe'k% ,d tx.k] ,d rx.k] ,d tx.k vkSj nks xq# o.kZ gksa
og misUnzotzk NUn gksrk gSA
misUnzotzk trtkLrrks xkSA mnkgj.k&
Roeso ekrk p firk Roeso
Roeso cU/q'p l[kk RoesoA
Roeso fo|k nzfo.ka Roeso
Roeso lo± ee nso&nsoA
4- mitkfr & (X;kjg o.kks± okyk leo`Ùk)
ftl NUn esa bUnzotzk rFkk misUnzotzk osQ pj.kksa dk feJ.k gksrk gS og mitkfr NUn gksrk gSA
vuUrjksnhfjry{eHkktkS iknkS ;nh;koqitkr;Lrk%A
bRFka fdykU;kLofi fefJrklq onfUr tkfrf"oneso uke AA
bl NUn dk izFke rFkk r`rh; pj.k misUnzotzk NUnkuqlkj rFkk f}rh; ,oa prqFkZ pj.k
bUnzotzkuqlkj gSaA vr% bls mitkfr NUn dgk tk ldrk gSA
110 'kk'orh
mnkgj.k&
vLR;qÙkjL;ka fnf'k nsorkRek] (bUnzotzk)
fgeky;ks uke uxkf/jkt%A (misUnzotzk)
iwokZijkS rks;fu/hoxkg~;]
fLFkr% i`fFkO;k bo ekun.M%AA (oqQekjlEHkoe~)
5- ekfyuh & (iUnzg o.kks± okyk leo`Ùk)
ftl NUn osQ izR;sd pj.k esa Øe'k% nks ux.k] ,d ex.k rFkk nks ;x.k gksa og ekfyuh NUn
gksrk gSA blosQ izR;sd pj.k esa vkBosa rFkk rnuUrj lkrosa vFkkZr~ pj.k osQ vfUre o.kZ iUnzgosa
o.kZ osQ ckn ;fr (fojke) gksrh gSA uue;;;qrs;a ekfyuh HkksfxyksoSQ%A
mnkgj.k&
ee fg fir`fHkjL; izLrqrks KkfrHksn&
Lrfng ef; rq nks"kks oÙk`QfHk% ikruh;%A
vFk p ee l iq=k% ik.Mokuka rq i'pkr~
lfr p oqQyfojks/s ukijk/;fUr ckyk%AA (i×pjk=ke~)
6- oa'kL; & (ckjg o.kks± okyk leo`Ùk)
ftl NUn osQ izR;sd ikn esa Øe'k% tx.k] rx.k] tx.k] jx.k gksa og oa'kLFk NUn dgykrk gSA
trkS rq oa'kLFkeqnhfjra tjkSA
HkofUr uezkLrjo% iQyksn~xeS&
uZokEcqfHknwZj foyfEcuks ?kuk%A
vuq¼rk% lRiq#"kk% le`f¼fHk%
LoHkko ,oS"k ijksidkfj.kke~AA
7- 'kknwZyfoØhfMr (mUuhl v{kjksa okyk leo`Ùk)
ftl NUn osQ izR;sd ikn esa Øe'k% ex.k] lx.k] tx.k] lx.k nks rx.k ,oa ,d xq# o.kZ
gks og 'kknwZyfoØhfMr NUn dgykrk gSA blesa ckjgosa v{kj osQ ckn igyh ;fr vkSj mUuhlosa
v{kj osQ ckn nwljh ;fr gksrh gSA (lw;kZ'oS;Zfn ekltkSlrrxk% 'kknwZyfoØhfMre~A)
mnkgj.k &
oRlk;k'p j?kw}gL; p f'k'kkofLeUufHkO;T;rs]
lao`fÙk% izfrfcEcrso fuf[kyk lSokÑfr lk |qfr%A
lk ok.kh fou;% l ,o lgt% iq.;kuqHkkoks¿I;lkS]
gk! gk! nsfo fdeqR;FkSeZe eu% ikfjIyoa /kofrAA
mÙkjjkepfjre~
ifjf'k"V 111
8- olUrfrydk (pkSng v{kjksa okyk leo`Ùk)

ftlosQ izR;sd pj.k esa Øe'k% rx.k] Hkx.k] tx.k] tx.k ,oa nks xq# o.kZ gksa] og NUn
olUrfrydk dgykrk gSA mDrk olUrfrydk rHktktxkSx%
mnkgj.k&
ikikfUuokj;fr ;kst;rs fgrk;
xqáa fuxwgfr xq.kkUizdVhdjksfrA
vkin~xra p u tgkfr nnkfr dkys
lfUe=ky{k.kfena izonfUr lUr%AA
uhfr'krde~ 73
9- f'k[kfj.kh& (l=kg v{kjkas okyk leo`Ùk)
ftlosQ izR;sd pj.k esa Øe'k% ;x.k] ex.k] ux.k] lx.k] Hkx.k rFkk ,d y?kq vkSj ,d xq#
o.kZ gksa] og f'k[kfj.kh NUn dgykrk gSA NBs vkSj l=kgosa o.kZ osQ i'pkr~ blesa ;fr gksrh gSA
jlS#ZnzSf'NUuk ;eulHkykx% f'k[kfj.khA
mnkgj.k&
efãukesrfLeu~ fou;f'kf'kjks ekSXè;el`.kks
fonX/SfuZxzkáks u iqujfonX/Sjfr'k;%A
euks es laeksgfLFkjefi gjR;s"k cyoku~
v;ks/krqa ;}Rifjy?kqj;LdkUr'kdy%AA
mÙkjjkepfjre~
10- eUnkØkUrk (l=kg v{kjksa okyk leo`Ùk)
ex.k] Hkx.k] ux.k] nks rx.kksa vkSj nks xq#vksa ls eUnkØkUrk NUn gksrk gSA blesa pkSFks v{kj osQ
i'pkr~ igyh ;fr] NBs v{kj osQ i'pkr nwljh ;fr rFkk vkBosa v{kj osQ ckn rhljh ;fr
gksrh gSA
eUnkØkUrkEcqf/ jluxSeksZHkukSrkSx ;qXee~A
mnkgj.k&
i'pkRiqPNa ogfr foiqya rPp /wuksR;tÏe~
nh?kZxzho% l Hkofr] [kqjkLrL; pRokj ,oA
'k"ik.;fr izfdjfr 'kÑr~ fi.Mdkukezek=kku~
¯d O;k[;kuSozZtfr l iqunwZjesásfg ;ke%AA
mÙkjjkepfjre~
ifjf'k"V &2
vyÄïkj
yksd esa ftl izdkj vkHkw"k.k 'kjhj dh 'kksHkk c<+kus esa lgk;d gksrs gSa mlh izdkj dkO; esa miekfn
vyadkj mldh pk#rk dh vfHko`f¼ djrs gSaA oLrqr% dkO; osQ 'kksHkk/k;d rRo dks gh vyadkj
dgrs gSaA
'kCnkFkZ;ksjfLFkjk ;s /ekZ% 'kksHkkfr'kf;u%A
jlknhuqioqQoZUrks¿yÄïkjkLrs¿Äõnkfnor~AA
'kCn rFkk vFkZ dks dkO; dk 'kjhj dgk x;k gSA vr% dkO;&'kjhj dk vyadj.k Hkh 'kCn
rFkk vFkZ nksuksa :iksa esa gksrk gSA tks vyadkj 'kCnksa osQ }kjk dkO; esa pk#rk dh vfHko`f¼ djrs gSa
os 'kCnkyadkj dgs tkrs gSa tSls vuqizkl] ;ed vkfnA tks vyadkj vFkZ osQ }kjk dkO; dh pk#rk
dh vfHko`f¼ djrs gSa os vFkkZyadkj dgs tkrs gSa] tSls miek] :id vkfnA bu nksuksa izdkj osQ
vyadkjksa dk izLrqr ladyu osQ ikBksa esa iz;ksx gqvk gSA oqQN mnkgj.k izLrqr gSa&
vuqizkl%
o.kZlkE;euqizkl%A (dkO;izdk'k%)
leku o.kks± dh vko`fÙk dks vuqikz l vyadkj dgk tkrk gSA
mnkgj.k &
ogfUr o"kZfUr unfUr HkkfUr è;k;fUr u`R;kfUr lek'olfUrA
u|ks ?kuk eÙkxtk oukUrk% fiz;kfoghuk% f'kf[ku% Iyoaxk%AA
(jkek;.ke~)
bl 'yksd esa vk, gq, ogfUr] o"kZfUr] unfUr] HkkfUr] è;k;fUr] u`R;fUr rFkk lek ÜÒlfUr bu
'kCnksa esa vusd o.kks± dh leku vko`fÙk gS tks 'yksd dh pk#rk dh vfHko`f¼ esa lgk;d gSA vr%
;gk¡ ij vuqizkl vyadkj gSA
;ed%
lR;FksZ i`FkxFkkZ;k% LojO;×tulagrs%A
Øes.k rsuSoko`fÙk;Zeda fofux|rsAA (lkfgR;niZ.ke~)
ifjf'k"V 113
tc o.kZ lewg dh mlh Øe ls iqujko`fÙk dh tk, ¯drq vko`Ùk o.kZ leqnk; ;k rks fHkUukFkZd
gks ;k va'kr% vFkok iw.kZr% fujFkZd gks rks ;ed vyadkj dgykrk gSA mnkgj.k&
vfLr ;|fi loZ=k uhja uhjtjkftre~
jers u ejkyL; ekula ekula foukAA
bl 'yksd esa ekule~ 'kCn dh vko`fÙk gqbZ gS vkSj nksuksa in fHkÂkFkZd gSaA vr% ;gk¡ ij iz;qDr
vaydkj ;ed gS tks 'yksd osQ lkSan;Z dh vfHko`f¼ esa lgk;d gSA
miek%
lk/E;Zeqiek HksnsA (dkO;izdk'k%] 10] 87)
nks oLrqvksa esa] Hksn jgus ij Hkh] tc mudk (lekurk) izfrikfnr fd;k tkrk gS rks ogk¡ miek
vyadkj gksrk gSA mnkg.kμ
jfolaØkUrlkSHkkX;Lrq"kkjk#.ke.My%A
fu%ÜoklkU/ bokn'kZ'pUnzek u izdk'krsAA (jkek;.ke~)
;gk¡ ij lw;Z osQ izdk'k ls efyu pUnzek dh miek fu% Üoklksa ls efyu vkn'kZ (niZ.k) ls nh
xbZ gSA ;g miek 'yksd osQ vFkZ dh pk#rk dh o`f¼ esa lgk;d gSA
miek esa pkj rÙo gksrs gSa
1- mies; & ftldh lekurk crkbZ tk,
2- mieku & ftlls lekurk crkbZ tk,
3- lk/kj.k /eZ & mDr nksuksa esa leku xq.k
4- okpd 'kCn & lekurk izdV djus okys 'kCn& bo ;Fkk vkfnA
:id%
rnzwideHksnks ; miekuksies;;ks%A (dkO;izdk'k%] 10]93)
vfr'k; lkn`'; osQ dkj.k tgk¡ mies; dks mieku dk :i ns fn;k tk;s vFkok mies; ij mieku
dk vkjksi dj fn;k tk;s ogk¡ :id vyadkj gksrk gSA mnkgj.k&
vuyaÑr'kjhjks¿fi pUnzeq[k vkuUn;fr ee ân;e~A
lkSo.kZ'kdfVdk ikB osQ bl okD; esa iz;qDr pUnzeq[k 'kCn esa :id vyadkj gSA ;gk¡ ij eq[k ij
pUnzek dk vkjksi gksus ls :id vyadkj gSA
114 'kk'orh
mRizs{kk%
^^Hkosr~ lEHkkouksRizs{kk izÑrL; ijkReukAA
(lkfgR;niZ.ke~)
ij (mieku) osQ }kjk izÑr (mies;) dh lEHkkouk (mRdV lUnsg) dks mRizs{kk vyadkj
dgrs gSaA
mnkgj.k&
oqQlqeS% i'; lkSfe=ks! ØhMfÂo leUrr%AA (jkek;.ke~)
;gk¡ ij ok;q osQ }kjk iq"iksa osQ lkFk dh tkus okyh ØhMk dh lEHkkouk esa mRizs{kk vyadkj gSA
vFkkZUrjU;kl%
HkosnFkkZUrjU;klks¿uq"kDrkFkkZUrjkfHk/kA
(pUnzkyksd%] 5-66)
eq[; vFkZ dk leFkZu djus okys vFkkZUrj (nwljs okD;kFkZ) dk izfriknu (U;kl) vFkkZUrjU;kl
dgykrk gSA mnkgj.k&
;% LoHkkoks fg ;L;kfLr l fuR;a nqjfrØe%A
'ok ;fn fØ;rs jktk rfRda uk'ukR;qikuge~AA
;gk¡ ij iwokZ¼Z osQ okD;kFkZ dk leFkZu mÙkjk¼Z osQ okD;kFkZ }kjk fd;k x;k gSA vr% ;gk¡
vFkkZUrjU;kl vyadkj gSA
vfr'k;ksfDr%
fl¼Ros¿è;olk;L;kfr'k;ksfDrfuZx|rsA
(lkfgR;niZ.ke~] 10-46)
vè;olk; osQ fl¼ mies; osQ fy, osQoy mieku dk gh dFku gksus ij vfr'k;ksfDr vyadkj gksrk
gSA vè;olk; dk rkRi;Z gS& mies; osQ fuxj.k osQ lkFk mieku ls vHksn dk vkjksi vFkkZr~ mies;
rFkk mieku esa vHksn dh LFkkiuk A
ifjf'k"V 115
mnkgj.k&
;wFks¿i;krs gfLrxzg.kks|rsu osQu dyHkks x`ghr%A
;gk¡ ij vtqZu dks gLrh rFkk vfHkeU;q dks dyHk (gkFkh dk cPpk) osQ :i esa izLrqr fd;k
x;k gSA bl izdkj mies; vtqZu o vfHkeU;q dk fuxj.k dj mUgsa mieku gLrh rFkk dyHk osQ :i
esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA vr% ;gk¡ vfr'k;ksfDr vyadkj gSA
'ys"k%
f'ky"VS% inSjusdkFkkZfHk/kus 'ys"k b";rsA
(lkfgR;niZ.ke~) in ;k in leqnk; }kjk vusd vFkks± dk dFku 'ys"k vyÄkï j dgykrk gSA
mPNyn~ Hkwfj dhyky% 'kq'kqHks okfguhifr%A
;gk¡ ij ^dhyky* rFkk ôkfguhifr* 'kCnksa esa vusd vFkZ gksus osQ dkj.k 'ys"k vyÄïkj gSA
(dhyky ¾ #f/j@ty] okfguhifr ¾ lsukifr@leqnz)A
O;ktLrqfr%
O;ktLrqfreZq[ks fuUnk LrqfrokZ :f<jU;FkkA
(dkO;idk'k) izkjEHk esa fuUnk vFkok Lrqfr izrhr gks ijUrq okLro esa og mlosQ foijhr gks vFkkZr~
nh[kus okyh fuUnk dk Lrqfr esa vFkok Lrqfr dk fuUnk esa i;Zolku gksus ij O;ktLrqfr vyaÄïkj
gksrk gSA
mnkgj.k&
fgRok Rokeqijks/oUè;eulka eè;s u ekSfy% ijks]
yTtkotZueUrjs.k u jekeU;=k lan`';rsA
;LR;kxa ruqrsrjka eq[k'krSjsR;kfJrk;k% fJ;%
izkI; R;kxÑrkoekuuefi RoÕ;so ;L;k% fLFkfr%AA
vFkkZr~ gs jktu~! eq>s rks ;gh Li"V yx jgk gS fd vkidks NksM+ dj u rks vkfJrksa osQ vuqjksèk ls
fjDrân; vkJ;nkrkvksa dk dksbZ nwljk f'kjksef.k gS vkSj u y{eh dks NksM+ dj dgha vU;=k
(L=khtkfr esa) dksbZ fuyZTtrk fn[kkbZ nsrh gS D;ksafd vki rks ,sls Bgjs fd ukukfo/ mik;ksa ls
LokfJrk y{eh osQ vuojr ifjR;kx (nku) ls viekfur gksdj Hkh y{eh lnk vkiosQ lkFk gh jguk
pkgrh gSaA
116 'kk'orh
;gk¡ jktk dh vkikrr% fuUnk mlosQ egknku ;k y{eh le`f¼ dh Lrqfr (iz'kalk) esa ifj.kr
gks jgh gSA
vr% O;ktLrqfr vyadkj gSA
vU;ksfDr%
vlekufo'ks"k.kefi ;=k lekusfro`Ùkeqies;e~A
mDrsu xE;rs ijeqiekususfr lk¿U;ksfDr%AA
(dkO;kyÄïkj%)
tgk¡ dfFkr mieku osQ }kjk ,sls mies; dh izrhfr gks tks (mieku osQ) fo'ks"k.kksa osQ vleku gksrk
gqvk Hkh leku bfro`Ùk okyk gks] ogk¡ vU;ksfDr vyadkj gksrk gSA
mnkgj.k&
rkor~ dksfdy fojlku~ ;ki; fnolku~ oukUrjs fuolu~A
;kofUeynfyeky% dks¿fi jlky% leqYylfrAA
(jlxÄõk/j%)
gs dks;y! ou esa jgrs gq, vius cqjs le; dks rc rd fdlh izdkj fcrk yks tc rd fd
dksbZ ckSj (eatjh) ls ynk gqvk HkkSjksa ls ;qDr vke dk isM+ rqEgsa ugha fey tk,A
;gk¡ dks;y mieku gS vkSj dksbZ lTtu mies; gSA ;|fi dks;y vkSj lTtu osQ fo'ks"k.k
,dleku ugha gSa rFkkfi budk bfro`Ùk ,d leku gSA vr% ;gk¡ ij vU;ksfDr vyadkj gSA
ifjf'k"V &3
vuq'kaflr xzUFk
1- bZ'kkokL;ksifu"kn~ xhrkizsl] xksj[kiqj
2- j?kqoa'kegkdkO;e~ dkfynkl pkS[kEck lqjHkkjrh izdk'ku
okjk.klh
3- mÙkjjkepfjre~ HkoHkwfr pkS[kEck izdk'ku] okjk.klh
4- Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk osnO;kl xhrkizsl] xksj[kiqj
5- dknEcjh ck.kHk^ pkS[kEck izdk'ku] okjk.klh
6- ¯Lkgklu}k¯=kf'kdk
7- f'kojktfot;% vfEcdknÙkO;kl% lkfgR; Hk.Mkj] esjB
8- laLÑrpfUnzdkif=kdk vIik'kfL=kjkf'k oMsdj%
9- izcU/e×tjh â"khosQ'kHk^kpk;Z%
10- izcU/ikfjtkre~ HkêFkqjkukFk 'kkL=kh
11- Sanskrit Drama in its
origin, Development
and Theory A. B. Keith Oxford Press,
London 24
12- laLÑr ukVd ,- ch- dhFk mn;Hkkuq ¯lg (fgUnh
vuqokn) eksrhyky
cukjlhnkl fnYyh
13- laLÑr lkfgR; dk bfrgkl cynso mikè;k; 'kkjnk efUnj okjk.klh]
1973
14- oSfnd lkfgR; vkSj laLÑfr cynso mikè;k; 'kkjnk efUnj okjk.klh]
118 'kk'orh
1973
15- History of Classical M. Krishnamacharya Moti Lal Banarsidas
Sanskrit literature, Delhi
16- laLÑr lkfgR; dk bfrgkl okpLifr xSjksyk pkS[kEck fo/kHkou] okjk.klh]
1978
17- laLÑr lkfgR; dk jkèkkoYyHk f=kikBh fo'ofo|ky; izdk'ku
vfHkuo bfrgkl pkSd] okjk.klh f} la- 2007
18- NUnkse×tjh xaxknkl MkW czãkuUn f=kikBh] pkS[kECkk
lqjHkkjrh izdk'ku okjk.klh
1903
19- O;kdj.k lkSjHke~ jk- 'kS- vuq- vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~
20- laLÑr lkfgR; ifjp; jk- 'kS- vuq- vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~ }kjk izdkf'kr
21- pUnzkyksd t;nso la- rFkk vuq- lqcks/pUnz
iUr] eksrhyky cukjlhnkl
fnYyh 1925
22- o`ÙkjRukdj HkôsQnkj] la- vk;sZUnq 'kekZ] laLÑr
vdkneh] mLekfu;k fo'o&
fo|ky;] gSnjkckn
23- leqnzlÄõe nkjkf'kdksg fgUnh vuq- ckcw yky 'kqDy
'kkL=kh Hkkjrh; fo|k
izdk'ku] fnYyh 1995
ogh& fgUnh vuq- txUukFk
IkkBd jkdk izdk'ku]
bykgkckn 2005
24- dFkklfjr~ (if=kdk) lEiknd% dVde~] vksfM'kk
(f}rh;kÄï%) MkW- ukjk;.knk'k

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ikBkuqØef.

Nk=k% f'k{kd% Ñ"kd%

e;wj% dkd% 'kqd%

oqQDoqQj% v'o% o`"kHk%

¯lg% HkYywd% xt%

?kV% nhid% nwjHkk"k%

pUnz% lw;%Z diksr%

fcMky% ew"kd% uoqQy%

lkSfpd% jtd% o`¼%

rky% i;ZÄï% fo|qíhi%

3- mnkgj.ka n`"V~ok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

dPNi% ----------- -----------

?kV% ----------- -----------

4- fp=kkf.k n`"V~ok laLÑrinkfu fy[kr&

----------------- ----------------- -----------------

5- fp=ka n`"V~ok mÙkja fy[kr&

6- inkfu la;ksT; okD;kfu jp;r&

([k) Nk=kkS fy[kr%A & -------------- fy[kr%A

(x) okujk% ØhMfUrA & -------------- ØhMfUrA

(?k) xk;d% xk;frA & -------------- xk;frA

(Ä) o`{kkS iQyr%A & -------------- iQyr%A

Nk=kk f'kf{kdk ifjpkfjdk

pVdk vtk fiihfydk

ukSdk oqQf×pdk ?kfVdk

ikd'kkyk f}pfØdk nksyk

mRihfBdk tofudk lwfpdk

[kV~ok iz;ksx'kkyk fnunf'kZdk

ekfidk ekyk rqyk

ef{kdk o`¼k ikB'kkyk

oh.kk flDFkofrZdk yrk

2- (d) v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka o.kZfoPNsna izn'kZ;r&

([k) o.kZla;kstua ÑRok ina dks"BosQ fy[kr&

-------------------- -------------------- --------------------

-------------------- -------------------- --------------------

4- dks"Bdkr~ mfpra 'kCna fpRok okD;a iwj;r&

xhrk ----------- -----------

----------- isfVosQ -----------

----------- ----------- [kV~ok%

----------- jksfVosQ -----------

([k) lq/k onfrA & ------------- onfrA

(x) v'o% èkkofrA & ------------- èkkofrA

(?k) ckydkS i';r%A & ------------- i';r%A

(Ä) Hkzejk% xq×tfUrA & ------------- xq×tfUrA

(d) --------------- pjr%A

8- e×tw"kkr% drZ`inkuqlkja fØ;kina fpRok 'kwU;LFkkua iwj;r&

(d) jek --------------------A

i.kZe~ iQye~ lÄõ.kde~

vk;re~ fo|qnO~ ;tue~ ik=ke~

lw{en'kZde~ jsy;kue~ N=ke~

uhMe~ i×tje~ foekue~

ØhMude~ djoL=ke~ Hkoue~

nwjn'kZue~ ukfjosQye~ m|kue~

deye~ dÄrï e~ lw=ke~

,rs osQ Lr%\

,rkfu dkfu lfUr\

fde~ ,rs iq"is\

fde~ ,rkfu iqLrdkfu\

v=k ckyk% foaQ oqQoZfUr\

fde~ v=k oh.kk% lfUr\

fde~ v=k jsy;kukfu lfUr\

fde~ ,rr~ ok|e~\

fde~ ,rr~ foekue~\

,rr~ (uiq-a ) & ;g