Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fauquier County
DRAFT
OCTOBER 2016
DESIGN NINE
broadband planners
Contents
Appendix A: Glossary...................................................................................................86
Appendix B: Residential SurveyOther items used ..................................................88
Appendix C: Residential Survey Other needs .......................................................92
Appendix D: Business Survey Affordable broadband and speed ..................... 103
Appendix E: Business Survey Other needs............................................................ 105
Appendix F: Business Survey Other Comments ...................................................106
ii
Remove
Barriers
Update/modify
ordinances,
permitting, and
planning rules
Fiber Strategy
Plan to take
fiber access
into all rural
areas that
need it
Increased
Wireless
Access
Update utility
pole ordinances,
provide towers
and tower space
to WISPs
Work with
Providers
Coordinate grant
opportunities,
provide demand
information,
create incentives
Page 1 of 106
all solution for Fauquier. Instead, a set of successful solutions should be pursued and
developed as a set of complementary activities conducted in parallel.
The County can be eective at low cost by removing barriers as an early win. Fauquier
residents already have the by right ability to place wood utility poles on their property (within
specified guidelines) which makes it easier for service providers to make a business case to oer
improved access in rural areas of the county, as well as providing resident and rural businesses
with an aordable solution.
A fiber strategy would be to oer fiber to the home and/or fiber to the edge of the road in rural
areas of the County, using a demand-based strategy that only placed fiber in neighborhoods
and down rural roads where residents agreed in advance to buy services. While the capital
expenditure for such a venture would be substantial, this would generate a revenue stream over
the long term that would pay back bonds or other funds used to support the build out.
Because some areas of the county already have adequate Internet service from the cable
provider, we estimate that only about 10,000 households in the County would be candidates for
a rural fiber build out, and this approach could cost $20 million or more, spent over several
years.
It is worth noting that this could be funded by a $1/day strategy: if each household in an
rural fiber improvement zone agreed to pay $1/day for twelve years (about $32/month), the
entire capital cost of the eort would be fully funded.
Increased wireless access is an intermediate strategy that could produce improved access in a
year or less, providing space for WISPs on existing county towers and placing new towers in
underserved and unserved areas of the region and leasing space to wireless providers. This
would be most eective when coupled with ordinance changes that would give rural residents
and businesses by right ability to place wood utility poles on their property.
In all cases, the County or a newly formed Broadband Authority will find it necessary and
important to work with providers, especially providers that are open about their plans and
demonstrate a willingness to be flexible in their approach to collaboration.
Page 2 of 106
Municipal
Retail
Wholesale
Infrastructure
Page 3 of 106
If the County is determined to move forward with a broadband initiative, there are two
business model options: municipal retail or wholesale infrastructure.
Features
Municipal
Retail
Basic
Concept
Government
Involvement
Governance
Competition
Service
Options
Service Area
Expansion
Risks
Wholesale Infrastructure
In the wholesale infrastructure business model, local government investments are designed to
provide local transport only. Services for businesses and residents are oered by private sector
providers oering Internet, TV, telephone and other data services. The components of the
transport network include conduit, handholes, cabinets and shelters, splice closures, and
network equipment.
Page 4 of 106
Funding Options
Bonding
County G.O.
bonds or
Authority
revenue bonds
General
Fund/CIP
Allocations
from the
General Fund
Lease Fees
Special
Assessment
Grants
Private sector
providers pay
appropriate
fees to use the
infrastructure
Similar to a tax
increase but a
special, termlimited
assessment solely
for broadband
Seek grants
where available,
including DHCD,
USDA, FCC funds,
other sources
BONDING
Revenue bonds are repaid based on the expectation of receiving revenue from the network, and
do not obligate the local government or taxpayers if financial targets are not met. In that
respect, they are very dierent from general obligation bonds. Many kinds of regional projects
(water, sewer, solid waste, etc.) are routinely financed with revenue bonds. We believe most
community projects will finance a significant portion of the eort with revenue bonds.
Obtaining funding using revenue bonds requires an excellent municipal credit rating and an
investment quality financial plan for the operation and management of the network. In
Virginia, broadband authorities can bond, and the Roanoke Valley Broadband Authority used
the Virginia Resource Authority to assist with their bonding.
Revenue bonds must be used carefully, and a well-designed financial model is required to show
investors that sucient cash flow exists to pay back the loans.
Page 5 of 106
General obligation bonds are routinely used by local governments to finance municipal projects
of all kinds. G.O. bonds are guaranteed by the good faith and credit of the local government,
and are not tied to revenue generated by the project being funded (i.e. revenue bonds). G.O.
bonds obligate the issuing government and the taxpayers directly, and in some cases could lead
to increased local taxes to cover the interest and principal payments. Some bond underwriters
have indicated a willingness to include telecom funds as part of a larger bond initiative for
other kinds of government infrastructure (e.g. adding $1 million in telecom funds to a $10
million bond initiative for other improvements).
In discussions with bond underwriters, it has been suggested that it would be easier to obtain
bond funds for telecom if the telecom costs were rolled into a larger water or sewer bond, or
some other type of bond request that are more familiar to the bond market.
LEASE FEES
Initiatives like tower access and access to local government or Authority-owned conduit and
fiber can create long term revenue streams from lease fees paid by service providers using that
infrastructure. The City of Danville has recovered their entire initial capital investment from
lease fees paid by providers on the nDanville fiber network.
SPECIAL ASSESSMENT
Communities like Bozeman, Montana and Leverett, Massachusetts have been funding
broadband infrastructure improvements with special assessments (in Leverett, $600/year for
five years), and in Bozeman, TIF (Tax Increment Funding) is being used in some areas to add
telecom conduit, handholes, and dark fiber.
GRANTS
Grant funding is limited and should be viewed as part of a larger basket of funding. Federal
funds from sources like the USDA and the FCC are highly competitive and often come with
substantial limitations on who can qualify and how the funds can be used. DHCD (VA Dept.
of Housing and Community Development) provides some funding for planning, and they also
administer CDBG (Community Development Block Grant) funds. CDBG funds can support
telecom infrastructure construction but must be tied to job creation and/or job retention. In
2017, DHCD will have $1.25 million in funds that can be requested by localities to give to
service providers to support their improvements. Rules for how to apply for and spend those
funds are still under development.
Fauquier Broadband Study DRAFT
Page 6 of 106
Page 7 of 106
Page 8 of 106
Overall, the respondents felt a need for better cellular telephone service, Internet/data service,
and Cable/TV service. 94% of the respondents desired better Internet/data service and 77% of
the respondents desired better cellular telephone service. In addition, over half of the
respondents felt the need for better Cable/TV service as well. 94% of the respondents are not
satisfied with all of their services. This data indicates that residents generally are in need of
better services that can oer reliability, speed, and a better price point.
Fauquier Broadband Study DRAFT
Page 9 of 106
From the sample, 17% of the respondents live in a household of three individuals. 23% of the
respondents also live in a household of four individuals. 39% of the respondents live in a
household with two computer users and 17% of the respondents live in a household with 3
computer users. 95% of the respondents have an Internet connection.
Of the respondents who have an Internet connection, 28% used wireless Internet and 10% were
on a DSL line. 2% of the respondents were still on a dial-up connection. 68% of the
respondents who were still on a dial-up connection said that they had no other options in the
area to switch to a dierent or better service. In terms of cost, 11% of the respondents paid
between $41 to $60 per month for Internet access. More than half of the respondents paid
more than $80 per month for Internet access.
The respondents of the survey used the Internet for a variety of reasons. Some of the main uses
of the Internet include checking and sending email, accessing news and current events,
performing homework and schoolwork, working from home, social networking, researching,
shopping, and banking online.
An open response question was asked following this question about any other additional uses of
the Internet. Many of the respondents who answered this question commented that they
essentially use the Internet for all of the activities listed. 43% of the respondents indicated that
at least one individual in their household use the Internet to complete school assignments or
job training at least several times a week.
When asked if the respondents work from home, 26% of the respondents need nights and
weekends access for the company business. 80% of the respondents work either part time or full
time from home remotely as self-employed or for another company.
The survey also indicates that the respondents do not seem to have diculties in finding help
and training on the computer or Internet. 54% of the respondents said that it was not dicult
to find help or training on the computer or Internet. Furthermore, 96% of the respondents
found accessibility to the Internet to be very important.
The respondents used personal computers, gaming consoles, hand held gaming consoles, ereaders, cell phones, smartphone, and iPads or other tablets to connect to the Internet. 27% of
the respondents connected to the Internet via a personal computer like a desktop, laptop,
netbook, or tablet. 10% of the respondents also connected to the Internet through a cell phone.
Only 40% of the respondents were somewhat satisfied with their current telephone service, and
26% were not at all satisfied with their current telephone services. Similarly, 45% of the
respondents answered that they were only somewhat satisfied with their current TV service.
28% of the respondents also answered that they were only somewhat satisfied with their current
Fauquier Broadband Study DRAFT
Page 10 of 106
Internet service and 63% of the respondents indicated that they were not at all satisfied with
their current Internet service.
22% of the respondents pay between $150 to $200 for local and long distance telephone, TV,
and Internet per month. 43% of the respondents pay more than $200 per month for all three
services. 27% of residents use Verizon Internet. The majority of residents use Verizon telephone
service and Direct TV satellite cable/TV service. As for internet service, the majority of
residents use a variety of companies which includes Verizon, Hughes, or Comcast. The residents
of Fauquier County seem to lack satisfactory options in terms of price and providers.
WILLINGNESS TO PAY
When asked if the respondents would be willing to pay more for faster, higher quality Internet
access, 37% of the respondents said that they would be somewhat willing and 41% were very
willing to pay more.
SERVICE DESIRED
Respondents were asked if there were any additional telecommunication needs that were not
covered in the survey. A number of the respondents stated that they desired better, reliable
cellular phone coverage. In addition, almost all respondents desired a reliable Internet
connection that is not limited due to geographic location and oered at a fair price. Lastly,
many respondents indicated they would like to work from home, but can not due to slow,
unreliable internet speeds. The map below shows the distribution of residential survey responses
in the county.
Page 11 of 106
The map below shows the distribution of residential survey responses in the county.
Broadlands
Shenandoah
Farms
C
ar
la
r
re
ke
C
ou
ou
nt
nt
Lo u d
oun
Co u
Fauq
nty
u ie r
Co u
n ty
17
Brambleton
Loudoun
Valley
Estates
Middleburg
50
At o ka
Rd
Shenandoah
Shores
Arcola
Rd
a id
rC
ty
un
Gr
o
ve
Marshall
600
Ln
55
The Plains
15
245
i
H
st
re
Rd
ll
Chester
Gap
o
ier C unty
qu
au
Rd
ie
qu
Bull Run
Mountain
Estates
66
nt y
ty
F au
C ou
un
Co
n
rr e
nty
Wa
ou
ia
50
nC
ill
eR
st on
eW
in c
55
Pr
Skyland
Estates
Stone
Ridge
Lo
Halfw ay
66
ou
ud
Apple
Mountain
Lake
234
29
Haymarket
Bl
an
tyr
eR
Hu m e
600
66
66
Gainesville
15
Bull Run
17
Bl a
522
ck
well Rd
Flint
Hill
New Baltimore
Linton
Hall
600
28
Rt
Du
m
Rd
215
fr
ies
Bristow
Nokesville
Me
s R
d
Taylor R
d
Rd
Warrenton
211
Ol
Rd
S pr
ing
etz
Du
m
211
ir
l
Rd
Catlett
ay
es
la
h Rd
fri
d Dr
672
W
K eit
ie
Rd
605
Rd
Eastern Byp
Ra m p
Fr
yt
ow
n
Duhollow Rd
Bro
ve
D
r
Rd
Remington
Su
17
15
Love
rs Ln
C olle g
o Rd
e St
id
la n d
Rd
er
du
ck
Morrisville
15
G
re
15
Culpeper
en
Rd
Ln
17
Rd
oo
nt
643
d
ge R
s Rid
ro
nw
ou
15
av erly
h Rd
So w eg
15
Midland
Old A
ub
ur
L ee
L e ig
nD
r
Bealeton
229
522
El
Opal
t
un
Co
er
ui
uq
r
Fa
pe
lp e
Cu
Ln
Rd
802
Ru
Rd
t
hS
ard
s
Springs
n ton S
t
st
Ha
Av
e
vie
w
ad
ah
an
no r
lp
ep
ck
er
Co
Co
un
un
ty
ty
pp
Ra
St
H il
Brent To wn Rd
Cu
Warrenton
Le e
Le o
n
y
em
sR
es
R d
Av
e
t
Falm ou
S ai
nt
rle
y
Ac ad
St
c
Ac
k R un
Wate
rlo o
lker Dr
Sh
i
211
te
r
Wa
Rd
Lee Hwy
Rd
28
Rd
Waterloo
Sp
ur
Calverton
Jeffersonton
Pl
ix
D
pa
Rd
Th
St
ra
fal g a
17
Wa
llo
w
Winche s
gs
dar
Ce
in
Bea
r
Nor
d
Ivy H il l D
r
By p
Ln
17Th
ty
Lignum
Interstate
Secondary Highway
522Highway
Primary
Local Road
unty
ford C o
Goldvein
Staf
600
29
F a u q u ie r C o u n
29
09/07/2016
17
Credits: ESRI, Design Nine
15
Place
10
Miles
Page 12 of 106
SUMMARY DATA
Check the items you agree with below.
Question
Yes
No
27%
73%
77%
23%
94%
6%
67%
33%
6%
94%
7+
103
493
243
326
143
52
29
7%
35%
17%
23%
10%
4%
2%
7+
114
533
237
317
120
40
24
8%
38%
17%
23%
9%
3%
2%
No
5%
No
1315
74
95%
5%
Yes
95%
Page 13 of 106
29
2%
Cable Modem
182
13%
Satellite
489
34%
DSL Line
138
10%
T1 Line
19
1%
Dont Know
14
1%
Fiber
0%
Cellular wireless
398
28%
Broadband WISP
72
5%
Other
82
6%
How much do you pay now for Internet Access each month:
No Internet
$10-20
$21-40
$41 to $60
$61-80
More than
$80/month
Use free
local
hotspots
Dont
Know
46
10
53
149
286
798
19
41
3%
1%
4%
11%
20%
57%
1%
3%
Very important
96%
Somewhat Satisfied
Satisfied
Very Satisfied
350
535
409
58
26%
40%
30%
4%
Page 14 of 106
Somewhat Satisfied
Satisfied
Very Satisfied
226
614
426
100
17%
45%
31%
7%
Somewhat Satisfied
Satisfied
Very Satisfied
865
381
106
24
63%
28%
8%
2%
Lack of help/support
Not interested
No other options in my
area
20
10
42
154
9%
4%
19%
68%
Would you be willing to pay more for faster, higher quality Internet access?
Not at all willing
Somewhat willing
Very willing
Not sure
178
509
561
128
13%
37%
41%
9%
1,305
27%
Gaming console
335
7%
162
3%
E-reader
495
10%
Cell phone
478
10%
Smartphone
1,006
21%
985
20%
Other
138
3%
Page 15 of 106
1,383
11%
1,285
10%
Homework / Schoolwork
693
5%
988
8%
700
5%
771
6%
360
3%
696
5%
Telemedicine, telehealth
189
1%
Online Gaming
328
3%
1,130
9%
Personal research
1,176
9%
Download books/audiobooks
722
6%
Shopping
1,254
10%
Online banking
1,185
9%
Other
73
1%
Does anyone in your household use the Internet to complete school assignments or job
training course work?
34%
43%
12% 11%
Yes, several times a week
Yes, at least once a week
Yes, at least once a month
No
Page 16 of 106
598
43%
145
11%
163
12%
No
471
34%
How difficult is it to find help and training for things you would like to do on the computer or on the Internet?
Very Difficult
Somewhat
Difficult
Not Difficult
230
391
736
17%
29%
54%
For your household, how much do you spend each month for local and long distance
telephone, TV, and Internet? (Do NOT include cellphones)
$50 or less
$50-75
$75-100
$100-150
$150-200
75
60
112
228
301
592
5%
4%
8%
17%
22%
43%
110
8%
All Points
0%
AOL
1%
AT&T
76
5%
Blaze Broadband
43
3%
Comcast
189
13%
Direct TV
0%
DishNet
56
4%
Earthlink
10
1%
Exede
171
12%
Freedom Pop
0%
0%
HughesNet
185
13%
Page 17 of 106
Juno
0%
MSN
0%
NA
29
2%
Netscape
0%
Netzero
0%
25
2%
Nova
10
1%
Piedmont
15
1%
RCN
0%
Sprint
61
4%
Straight Talk
0%
T1
0%
VA Broadband
1%
Verizon
378
27%
Wave 2 Net
0%
Wildblue
21
1%
Zonet
0%
101
7%
AT&T
0%
Comcast
138
10%
DIRECTV
739
52%
Dish Network
273
19%
Excede
0%
Hughes Net
11
1%
NA
27
2%
None
89
6%
Verizon
0%
Regular Antenna TV
30
2%
Wave 2 Net
0%
Wild Blue
0%
Page 18 of 106
116
8%
AT&T
69
5%
Bell
0%
Clear Rate
0%
Comcast
93
7%
Excede
1%
Hughes Net
0%
Juno
0%
Magic Jack
0%
NA
55
4%
None
71
5%
Ooma
0%
Sprint
30
2%
Straight Talk
0%
Tracphone
0%
Verizon
841
59%
Vonage
1%
106
7%
Do you use a VPN (Virtual Private Network) to obtain remote access for your work or for
access to a company network?
Yes
No
Dont Know
483
742
123
36%
55%
9%
Page 19 of 106
20%
7%
26%
16%
11%
20%
Page 20 of 106
Overall, respondents felt a need for better telephone service, Internet/data service, and TV
service. 75% of the respondents desired better cellular telephone service and 87% of the
respondents desired better Internet/data service. 87% of the respondents were not satisfied with
all of their services. This data indicates that businesses generally are in need of better services
that can oer reliability, speed, and a better price point.
99% of the businesses that responded to the survey indicated that an Internet connection
existed at the establishment. There are 1247 employees that are employed by the 118 businesses
that took the survey. There is an average of 12 employees per establishment that took the survey.
Fauquier Broadband Study DRAFT
Page 21 of 106
Of the 1246 employees, there are 1925 computer users at these businesses. In addition, each
establishment typically has an average of 18 employees who use computers.
A variety of establishments responded to the survey, which include professional, government,
retail, medical, non-profit, educational and other. Professional (35%) made up the majority of
the establishments that responded followed by Other (21%) and Retail (14%). Other
establishments included agriculture, construction, government, manufacturing, and recreational.
A DSL line provided Internet access to 11% of the respondents. Wireless Internet provided an
Internet connection to 22% of the respondents. Satellite provided Internet access to 23% of
respondents. More than half of the respondents pay between $61 and up for Internet access
each month. The largest proportion of respondents paid generally $61 to $100 for Internet
access each month. 14% of the respondents had Internet speeds between 1-3Mb, while 12% of
the respondents had Internet speeds between 3-10Mb. In addition, 50% of the respondents were
not at all satisfied with the current speed of their Internet service, while only 4% were very
satisfied with their current speed.
Respondents were asked how they currently used the Internet to serve their needs at their
respective establishments. The most common uses of the Internet were for communication via
email, access to news and current events, online backup, transfer of large files, research,
maintaining a web presence and ordering and managing inventory. 9% of the respondents used
the Internet to maintain a web presence with a blog or other site.
WILLINGNESS TO PAY
While only 14% were not at all willing to pay for faster, higher quality Internet access, 47%
were somewhat willing and 31% were very willing to pay more.
Phone: Verizon provided phone service to 53% of the respondents and Comcast provided
phone service to 19% of respondents. Others service providers included AT&T, Hughes Net
and Sprint . 5% of the respondents answered they only use their cellphone.
Internet: Verizon provided Internet access to 25% of the respondents with Internet followed by
Comcast at 24%. Other providers included AT&T, Blaze Broadband, Dish Network, Excede
Fauquier Broadband Study DRAFT
Page 22 of 106
and Hughes Net. None of these providers had more than 8% of the respondents use their
Internet services.
Television: The largest providers of cable/satellite TV were Comcast, Dish Network and Direct
TV. Comcast provided service to 20% of those with television service, while Dish Network
provided service to 25% of the respondents. 17% of the respondents either indicated no TV or
NA. 16% of respondents left the question blank.
SERVICES DESIRED
Respondents were asked if there were other telecommunication needs that they desired that
was not covered in the survey. This was an open ended question. Many respondents expressed
the need for more reliable Internet that was faster and oered at a fair price. Other respondents
commented the need for more reliable cell service.
The survey found that a portion of respondents generally work from home full time or part
time. Only 9% of the respondents stated that they never work from home. 25% of the
respondents stated that they are self employed and work part time from home. In addition, 29%
of the respondents noted that they are self employed and hold full time positions at home. The
map below shows the distribution of survey responses from businesses in the town and the
county.
Page 23 of 106
The map below shows the distribution of business survey responses in the county.
Broadlands
Cl
a
W
ar
Shenandoah
Farms
re
Co
un
ou t y
nt
y
Moorefield
Station
do u
n Co
unt y
Fau q
uier
Co u
nty
50
rk
e
Lo u
X
Brambleton
Middleburg
Loudoun
Valley
Estates
Arcola
X
17
st
Co
Rd
e
tyr
Linton
Hall
X
15
Rd
XX
XX
X
X
X
X
XX
X
X
X
X
X
Warrenton
X
XX
X
D um fries
Rd
l ie
Bull Run
Rd
Bristow
Rt
ir
Gainesville
New
Baltimore
Bla
c k well R d
X
X
XX
X
600
V
U
Bla
n
X
X
Haymarket
Co unty
ty
17
Flint
Hill
un
W illiam
Hu m
X
X
Lo
Fa
ud
i rf
ou
ax
n
Co
Co
un
un
ty
t
Co y
un
ty
yR
d
Rd
Recto rtow n
lfw
a
XU
55
V
245
V
U
es
tH
ill R
u ie r
Rd
The
Plains
Prince
X
X
F au q
Chester
Gap
Ha
ai
d
M
d
Rd
X
X
XX
Bull Run
Mountain
Estates
ty
Ln Marshall
un
Co
n ty
i am
ou
ov
nC
South
Riding
ou
Stone
Ridge
ud
Rd
Gr
r Co
n ty
ill
un t y
F a u qu ie
L e eds Ma n
one
ka
to
eW
X X
X
Apple
Mountain
Lake
o
en C
ar r
Lo
nc
P ri
Skyland
Estates
Rd
Shenandoah
Shores
qu
ie
rC
ou
n ty
kC
oun
ty
15
X
X
Morrisville
e St
C o lleg
Rd
rs Ln
d
u
Aq ia R
en
Ln
Love
ck
Culpeper
17
X
Goldvein
10/07/2016
Credits: ESRI, Design Nine
Lignum
Business
Interstate
Secondary Highway
Place
Primary Highway
Local Road
Culpep
er C
ou
an g
nt
eC
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17
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28
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15
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Page 24 of 106
SUMMARY DATA
Check the items you agree with below.
Question
Yes
No
30%
70%
75%
25%
87%
13%
48%
52%
13%
87%
Number of employees:
Total number of employees
1247
12
1925
18
14%
Professional
35%
Government
4%
Educational
11%
Medical
4%
Non Profit
10%
Other
21%
Page 25 of 106
Yes
99%
!
Cable
Modem
DSL
Line
Fiber
Satellite
T-1 Line
Cellular
Wireless
Broadband
WISP
Dont Know
26
14
29
27
10
4%
21%
11%
2%
23%
6%
22%
8%
2%
How much do you pay now for Internet access each month?
NoInternet
$0-20
$2140
$4160
$61100
$101150
$151-300
$301500
$5011000
$1001$5000
$5000
I dont
know
32
30
21
11
1%
2%
2%
3%
27%
26%
18%
9%
7%
2%
1%
3%
Dial
up
only
56-2
56k
256512k
512-1
Mb
1-3
Mb
1.5-3
Mb
3-10
Mb
1050
Mb
50-1
00M
b
100+
Mb
Gigabit
I dont
Know
16
14
10
33
1%
3%
4%
6%
6%
14%
6%
12%
9%
7%
2%
1%
29%
Page 26 of 106
How satisfied are you with the speed of your current Internet service?
Not at all Satisfied
Somewhat Satisfied
Satisfied
Very satisfied
56
35
17
50%
31%
15%
4%
Very satisfied
Satisfied
4%
15%
Not at all satisfied
50%
Somewhat satisfied
31%
!
Check all the items you use the Internet for now:
Email
14%
13%
Business videoconferencing
6%
5%
4%
9%
9%
4%
Telemedicine, telehealth
1%
4%
7%
Page 27 of 106
Research
9%
Ordering/managing inventory
8%
9%
6%
6%
Other
1%
Would you be willing to pay more for faster, higher quality Internet access?
Not at all willing
Somewhat willing
Very willing
Not sure
16
54
36
14%
47%
31%
8%
Very willing
8%
Not at all willing
14%
Somewhat willing
47%
How important do you think Internet technology will be for the success of your company
over the next five years?
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not
important
107
92%
7%
1%
Not important
1%
Somewhat important
7%
Very important
92%
Page 28 of 106
How difficult is it to find personnel with the needed computer, software, and Internet
skills from the local area?
Very difficult
Somewhat difficult
Not difficult
23
46
44
20%
41%
39%
No
112
98%
2%
No
2%
Yes
98%
8%
All Points
1%
AT&T
3%
Blaze Broadband
5%
Century Link
1%
Comcast
28
24%
DishNet
3%
Earthlink
2%
Exede
5%
Fiber Light
1%
HughesNet
8%
MSN
1%
NA
2%
Page 29 of 106
None
2%
Nova
2%
Novec
1%
Piedmont
2%
Sprint
2%
Verizon
30
25%
Wave 2 Net
2%
Wildblue
1%
Comcast
Direct
TV
Dish
Network
Hughes
Net
N/A
None
Piedmont
Verizon
Regular
TV
Antenna
19
23
29
20
11
10
16%
19%
25%
17%
1%
9%
8%
1%
3%
1%
AT&T
Blaze
Boardband
Comcast
N/A
None
Hughes
Net
Sprint
Use
Cellphone
Verizon
10
22
62
8%
4%
1%
19%
2%
6%
1%
1%
5%
53%
Do you use a VPN (Virtual Private Network) to obtain remote access for your work or for
access to a company network?
Yes
No
I Dont
Know
40
63
36%
56%
8%
Page 30 of 106
Occasionally
No
34
59
20
30%
52%
18%
Do the existing Internet service options in the county impact your decision to locate in or
stay in the county?
Yes
No
60
51
54%
46%
What other telecommunications needs do you have that were not covered in this survey?
There was a very large response to this question, and many businesses provided detailed
answers. Please see Appendix F for this data.
7%
6%
23%
25%
29%
9%
Page 31 of 106
Description
Large Business
Small Business
A larger business
with about 50
workstations.
A small business
with 10 to 15
employees, and
7-10
workstations.
Home Based
Worker
Concurrent
Concurrent
Concurrent
Mbps
Mbps
Mbps
Use
Use
Use
Telephone
TV
HDTV
Credit Card Validation
Security System
Internet
VPN Connection
Data Backup
Web Hosting
Workforce Training
(online classes)
HD
Videoconferencing
Telecommuting
workers
Totals
5 years from now
(megabits)
10 years from now
(megabits)
20
1.28
0
0
4
0.25
30
4
1
20
5
5
1
25
7.5
2
0.32
0
0
1
0.25
10.5
1
1
7
1
0
1.5
0
Business From
Home
0.064
0
0
0
0.25
1.5
1
1
1
1
5
1.5
0
Concurrent
Use
Mbps
0.064
0
0
0
0.25
1.5
1
1
1
0
1.5
0
20
10
10
10
100
20
10
10
15
205.0
49.6
18.3
23.3
615
149
55
70
1845
446
165
210
Page 32 of 106
Description
Intermittent
Television and
Internet use across
a small percentage
of households.
Concurrent
Mbps
Use
Early Evening
Increased video,
voice and Internet
use as children
arrive home from
school and
employees from
work.
Snow Day
Concurrent
Use
Mbps
Concurrent
Use
Mbps
Concurrent
Mbps
Use
Telephone
0.064
0.064
0.064
0.064
Standard Definition TV
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
HD TV
12
Security System
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
Internet
1.5
Online Gaming
VPN Connection
Data Backup
Telehealth (subscriber)
Distance Learning /
Workforce Training
HD Videoconferencing
1.5
0.25
0
1
0.5
4.5
10
10
20
14
Totals
12.6
33.8
35.8
58.3
38
101
107
175
113
304
322
525
Page 33 of 106
$49.95/mo for 10 mbps. 10 mbps and 2.0 mbps Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem:
$10/mo
$39.99/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps and 5.0 mbps 1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $69.95.
Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo
$82.95/mo for 150 mbps. 150 mbps and 10 mbps Some areas have a 1TB data cap.
Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo.
Page 34 of 106
$49.95/mo for 10 mbps. 10 mbps and 2.0 mbps Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem:
$10/mo
$39.99/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps and 5.0 mbps 1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $69.95.
Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo
$82.95/mo for 150 mbps. 150 mbps and 10 mbps Some areas have a 1TB data cap.
Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo.
Fauquier Broadband Study DRAFT
Page 35 of 106
$49.95/mo for 10 mbps. 10 mbps and 2.0 mbps Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem:
$10/mo
$39.99/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps and 5.0 mbps 1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $69.95.
Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo
$82.95/mo for 150 mbps. 150 mbps and 10 mbps Some areas have a 1TB data cap.
Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo.
SHENTEL
$99.95/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps and 5.0 mbps w/ a 500 GB/mo data cap.
$139.95/mo for 50 mbps. 50 mbps and 10 mbps w/ a 750 GB/mo data cap.
$199.95/mo for 101 mbps. 101 mbps and 10 mbps w/ a 1000 GB/mo data cap.
$49.95/mo for 10 mbps. 10 mbps and 2.0 mbps Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem:
$10/mo
$39.99/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps and 5.0 mbps 1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $69.95.
Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo
$82.95/mo for 150 mbps. 150 mbps and 10 mbps Some areas have a 1TB data cap.
Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo.
Fauquier Broadband Study DRAFT
Page 36 of 106
SHENTEL
$99.95/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps and 5.0 mbps w/ a 500 GB/mo data cap.
$139.95/mo for 50 mbps. 50 mbps and 10 mbps w/ a 750 GB/mo data cap.
$199.95/mo for 101 mbps. 101 mbps and 10 mbps w/ a 1000 GB/mo data cap.
$49.95/mo for 10 mbps. 10 mbps and 2.0 mbps Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem:
$10/mo
$39.99/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps and 5.0 mbps 1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $69.95.
Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo
$82.95/mo for 150 mbps. 150 mbps and 10 mbps Some areas have a 1TB data cap.
Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo.
SHENTEL
$99.95/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps and 5.0 mbps w/ a 500 GB/mo data cap.
Fauquier Broadband Study DRAFT
Page 37 of 106
$139.95/mo for 50 mbps. 50 mbps and 10 mbps w/ a 750 GB/mo data cap.
$199.95/mo for 101 mbps. 101 mbps and 10 mbps w/ a 1000 GB/mo data cap.
$199.00/mo for 15 mbps. 15 mbps and 4.0 mbps w/ no data cap. Contract Term: 1 year.
Setup: $49.00 (Includes installation and equipment.)
SHENTEL
$99.95/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps and 5.0 mbps w/ a 500 GB/mo data cap.
$139.95/mo for 50 mbps. 50 mbps and 10 mbps w/ a 750 GB/mo data cap.
$199.95/mo for 101 mbps. 101 mbps and 10 mbps w/ a 1000 GB/mo data cap.
Page 38 of 106
CENTURYLINK
$34.95/mo for 10 mbps. 10 mbps and -- mbps 1-year promo rate. Contract Term: 1 year.
AutoPay enrollment and paperless billing required. Setup: $0 (Free internet activation. Free
modem shipping for self-installation option. Standard tech installation is $59.99.) Modem w/
WiFi: $9.99/mo or one-time $99.99
$44.95/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps and -- mbps . 1-year promo rate. Contract Term: 1 year.
AutoPay enrollment and paperless billing required. Setup: $0 (Free internet activation.
Standard tech installation is $59.99.) Modem w/ WiFi: $9.99/mo or one-time $99.99
SHENTEL
$99.95/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps and 5.0 mbps w/ a 500 GB/mo data cap.
$139.95/mo for 50 mbps. 50 mbps and 10 mbps w/ a 750 GB/mo data cap.
$199.95/mo for 101 mbps. 101 mbps and 10 mbps w/ a 1000 GB/mo data cap.
VERIZON DSL
$29.99/mo for 3 Mbps. 768 Kbps 1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $34.99. Verizon home
phone service required. Setup: Activation: Waived. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time
purchase
$19.99/mo for 1 Mbps. 384 Kbps Regular rate is $24.99. Verizon home phone service
required. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase.
WINDSTREAM
$69.99/mo for 25 mbps and -- mbps . Bundled with unlimited phone. Setup: $0 (Free
professional installation. Activation is $50.) Modem w/ WiFi: $9.99/mo
$59.99/mo for 25 mbps and -- mbps . Bundled with unlimited phone. Setup: $0 (Free
shipping of equipment and self-install kit. Professional installation is $35. Activation is $50.)
Modem w/ WiFi: $9.99/mo
Page 39 of 106
$269.99/mo 500 mbps and 500 mbps w/ no data cap. 1-year promo rate. Regular rate is
$279.99. Contract Term: 2 years with $165 ETF. Setup: $80. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo or
one-time $199
XFINITY
$49.95/mo for 10 mbps. 10 mbps and 2.0 mbps Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem:
$10/mo
$39.99/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps and 5.0 mbps 1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $69.95.
Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo
$82.95/mo for 150 mbps. 150 mbps and 10 mbps Some areas have a 1TB data cap.
Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo.
$49.95/mo for 10 mbps. 10 mbps and 2.0 mbps Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem:
$10/mo
$39.99/mo for 25 mbps. 25 mbps and 5.0 mbps 1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $69.95.
Some areas have a 1TB data cap. Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo
$82.95/mo for 150 mbps. 150 mbps and 10 mbps Some areas have a 1TB data cap.
Modem w/ WiFi: $10/mo.
VERIZON DSL
$29.99/mo for 3 Mbps. 768 Kbps 1-year promo rate. Regular rate is $34.99. Verizon home
phone service required. Setup: Activation: Waived. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time
purchase
$19.99/mo for 1 Mbps. 384 Kbps Regular rate is $24.99. Verizon home phone service
required. Modem w/ WiFi: $59.99 one-time purchase.
Fauquier Broadband Study DRAFT
Page 40 of 106
Page 41 of 106
is very bad, poor cell phone service. Cell cards are useless. Ike owns a software company with
many remote workers. Ike acquired a T1 service for $350/month and then replaced the T1 line
with Blaze Broadband.
Miles Friedman, Beverly Pullen, Catherine Payne, Laura Torpy from Fauquier County EDC
Miles emphasized the importance of better broadband for business development needs. Many
areas of Fauquier County are underserved with broadband business services. Comcast has
refused to improve broadband services to businesses. Mile said that County Commissioner
Gerhardt was committed to better broadband in the county. A creative solution is required to
create a viable public/private partnership. Miles said that fiber management will be a problem
since the county cannot get accurate fiber inventory status from the current fiber owners (ILEC
& CLEC).
Kevin Greeley, CEO OSSI, an IT management company in Marshall, VA
Kevin said Comcast is the primary cable provider in the county. There are few reliability or
latency problems for most Comcast users. T1 connections are available for $550/month for 1.5
Megabit/second connections. Exede Internet can provide connectivity with 12 Megabit/sec
download and 4 Megabit/second upload speeds for $130/month with up to 50 Gig/month
transmission cap. The biggest problem is in the residential market, but the topography is not
suited to wireless.
Broadband providers are not likely to be attracted to the low population density in much of the
county. If a network was installed and operated independent of the county, then it might be
successful. Many residents are opposed to tower construction and to business development in
general. Kevin feels that there are already adequate communications facilities for the
government sector. A new network needs to be apolitical. Thomasville, Georgia is a good
example of a municipal broadband network that functions well. Thomasville installed a fiber
ring that benefits all the residents of the town.
Dennis Taylor, Paradigm Solutions
Dennis is a member of the countys broadband committee and lives in Catlett. He had
Adelphia cable installed before Comcast acquired Adelphia. He now has a Comcast bundle
with VoIP, TV for $250/month. Broadband has a burst rate up to 100 Megabit/second. Hes
able to work successfully from home. The cost for new cable installations is high. Dennis feels
that the broadband committee has been very successful. The county has now become very probusiness. Previously residential growth was restricted to 3%/year.
Judy Olsen, Judy Olsen Design
Judy lives in Orlean and uses Exede for broadband wireless. She worked from home until two
years ago when she decided to move her business into Warrenton for better Internet
connectivity. She now has a 10 Gig/month transmission cap connection for $120/month and
reaches her data cap in about a week. She now makes her Internet connection at the Innovation
Center and gets better service with AT&T on her iPad. Judy cannot subscribe to Blaze
Fauquier Broadband Study DRAFT
Page 42 of 106
Broadbands wireless service at home because she lives in a hollow. She thinks that Verizon
might have installed fiber in her house at some point. Judy lives nine miles outside of
Warrenton and evaluated every option available, even a T1 at $550/month, but none were
feasible or aordable.
Jennifer Goldman, Owner of Resonance
Jennifer manages two county enterprise centers in Vint Hill and Marshall where she lives. She
uses Exede Internet for broadband connectivity at $60/month, but finds the service unreliable.
Other services at higher speeds are cost prohibitive. The business incubators in Marshall now
has high speed Comcast service. The incubators have seven to eight oces each and could
have ten to twelve constant broadband users. The businesses include life insurance, digital
marketing, a Navy contractor, and a medical doctor. Blaze Broadband is used at the winery in
Marshall. Jennifer said many students in Marshall have diculty making useful Internet
connections to complete homework assignments.
Martha Kelly, U.S. State Department Consultant
Martha lives in a private community eight miles east of Warrenton near Rte 29. There are 15
land owners on 158 acres of land and 13 houses with no broadband service. She bought her
property 20 years ago when she worked in Washington, D.C. and she worked from home one
day a week using a T1 line. Her service at home is now very poor; she cannot use a modem.
Verizon said that it will not maintain the copper wire and the DSL service needs a boosting
station. Her house is in a hollow with no towers and no wireless connection. Some houses have
satellite service while some have a Comcast connection for which they paid a $10,000
installation fee.
Martha complained that Verizon was given a monopoly to provide ecient landline service, but
now all they want to sell is their wireless service. Martha has no TV at home and the copper
landline is more than forty years old. Martha now has a consulting practice and uses a George
Mason University facility for which she pays $200/month. For this she has a desk in an open
area, but also has a decent Internet connection.
Martha had previously been stationed in war-torn Goma in the Central African Republic
while she worked at the State Department. Her email service there was better than her current
service at home. She is currently working for the Congressional Quarterly and Highland
Financial Services but cant use her Internet connection to load and deliver product pictures.
She feels its ironic that she lives 45 miles west of Washington, D.C. and cant get a decent
Internet connection.
Joe Martin, President of Fauquier County Chamber of Commerce, Natalie Howard,
Warrenton Chamber of Commerce
Joe is also on the broadband committee with Rick Gerhardt. Joe is hoping to change height
restrictions on wireless towers 80 maximum to 120. Joe lives in Manassas and pays about $500/
Page 43 of 106
month for a Verizon FiOS bundled service. He pays $260 for a Comcast business service to his
oce in Warrenton.
Joe said that Marshall was bigger than the three incorporated municipalities (The Plaines,
Remington, Warrenton) in Fauquier County.
Joe would like to increase the partnership with the county and its municipalities. An
organization was formed to purchase most of Vint Hill. There are nine service districts
designated for growth, but there has not been much activity so far. The districts should have all
the services needed for growth, and high-speed broadband is one of those needs. Joe says the
Chamber wants to bring desirable businesses government contractors, light manufacturing,
tech companies to the county and increase telecommuting opportunities which could increase
the number of satellite or branch oces of larger businesses. The county needs more bricks and
mortar. Joes wife works for a company in North Carolina and all the sta work from home.
She rarely travels to North Carolina from Manassas.
Natalie has HughesNet satellite service at home for $91/month with Internet only. DirectTV
provides television.
Angie Thomas, Mgr Forecasting NERC; Bob Bisson, PE, VP Electric System Development
at Northern Virginia Electric Cooperative
Angie and Bob agreed that the broadband study is needed and that improved broadband
service will stimulate additional business in the county. NOVEC, Rappahannock and
Dominion provide electrical service in the county. NOVEC does not directly sell electrical
power; it only provides transmission. It has no conduit.
Ann Greene, Marshall Real Estate
Marshall Real Estate pays $310/month for Comcast internet and three phone lines. Comcast is
the primary broadband provider, but potential subscribers cant get them to move beyond the
providers current, static footprint.
Verizon DSL is also available, but only to existing customers in Marshall. Verizon also provides
Home Fusion rooftop antenna service costing $130/month for 30 Gig/month data caps and
additional $20/Gig beyond the basic data cap. This service can stream video acceptably but data
cap is reached rapidly.
Cell phone service can transmit data to some extent, but its very slow in rural areas. Piedmont
Broadband provides direct line of sight service for $80/month with unlimited data and a $400
equipment setup fee.
Marshall is currently undergoing a major Main Street renovation project and this would be an
ideal time to install additional broadband infrastructure. Real estate businesses in the area are
losing business because of the poor broadband service available.
Page 44 of 106
Page 45 of 106
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V
U
ou n
C ou
nty
50 Fau q u
ier C
o unty
Nokesville
ld
Du
f ri
600
V
U
r i ngs
n
Fo
Fo x T l
r
Leeton CtR d
522
Me
e tz
Rd
Old Aubu
rn
R
15
L e es Ri
Rd
17
dge
Rd
Culpeper
Run
Morrisville
15
15
10 - 61
Fire Station
Oakpark
522
Culpeper Co
College / University
O
ran g
Fire/Rescue Station
Government Office
Police Station
Hospital/Polyclinic
unt
y
e C o u n ty
3
V
U
Interstate
Primary Highway
Secondary Highway
62 - 111
112 - 161
230
V
U
15
Lake
of the
Woods
10/07/2016
Credits: ESRI, VGIN
Wilderness
Rescue Squad
Library
Local Roads
School
Railroad
162 - 212
20
V
U
17
Place
Sp
O
ot
r
s y a ng
lv
an e C
ou
ia
n
C
o u ty
nt
y
Household Density
Goldvein
Lignum
er d ck Rd
u
Stafford County
Brightwood
3
600 V
U
V
U
ge St
C ol le
F a uq u i e r C o u n t y
rs Ln
Rd
d
A qui a R
E lk
Su
Love
Rd
Remington
29
29
id
la
n
to
w
hto
Bealeton
Rd
Fr
y
Rd
r
D
O ld
ig
15
29
o n St
re s
Leigh
Jack
so
Eq
u
ee
p
Ga
yR
Do
d
ve
N o r Rd
rfo
lk
Dr
842
Fox
Iro e w D
sL
n
onard
Le
Sain
East St
Sow ego
bu
rg
Midland
nt To wn Rd
Bre
ty
un y
C o unt
er
o
ep n C
lp
o
Cu a dis
M
Dr
ill
pma
Ma
d is
Ln
Le
a ve rl y
St
H
em y
ca d
Duhollow Rd
28
V
U
Rd
or
ee
Dr
Rd
s
dill
od
Rd
Rd
Ho
EL
al
Shi
wo
i ll
alker Dr
W
Warrenton
pit
V
U
229
St
211
Calverton
tz
e
rs
ste
Bri
St
Kin
ee
Opal
overn
F
an s
em
re
ty
un
y
Co
nt
er
ui
ou
uq
rC
Fa
pe
lp e
Cu
t er
x
Ale
15
29
ate
Est
ik e
a P ve
d ri A
an
Jeffersonton
Rd
29
N H ill D
r
Catlett
l
pa
y
nt
y
nt
ou
sR
C
er
es
cc
r A
Ln
ep
lp
arr
Cu
ou
C
n St
ck
Ra
no
Dr
p Dr
a
pp
n
ha
he
678
k Sw
Go ld Cu
er
ch
231
V
U
Bla
c
17
W in c
522
Flet
15
Sp
M
69 0
Bea
rW
Fa
r
uq
allo
wR
uie
d
Dr
rR
Rd
vi
Bit
d
ian
n
str
Rd
es R
Rd
211
Sperryville
Lake
Wilderness
600
V
U
32.5
U
V
Five
Mile
Fork
Miles
Page 46 of 106
nty
Fred erick Cou
nty
Warren Cou
Broadlands
C
l
W ark
e
ar
C
re
o
n
C un t
ou
y
nt
y
Shenandoah
Farms
Shenandoah
Shores
50
L oud
oun
C oun
Fau q
ty
uier
Co u
nty
Middleburg
Brambleton
17
Arcola
Rd
Rd
t
un
ai
ds
to
Co
ty
m
ia
oun
ill
R e ctor t
ow
Bull Run
Mountain
Estates
600
U
V
The
Plains
55
V
U
Marshall
Ln
Rd
es
tH
ill
R
nC
Chester
Gap
ou
ud
rC
ty
e
Grov
ie
uqu
n
ou
Rd
s Manor
ed
Le
Fa
u nt
Co
Stone
Ridge
Lo
55
V
U
66
n
r re
Wa
ne
ce
At
Front
Royal
ka
in
Pr
Skyland
Estates
Halfwa y R d
Riverton
245
U
V
Rd
Cr
Hu m
Pr
Haymarket
Rd
y
un t
Co
am
ty
il li
un
e W er Co
in c
i
qu
F au
600
V
U
an
ty
re
17
Bla c
kwell R d
Bl
Flint
Hill
New
Baltimore
Bull Run
Gainesville
Linton
Hall
15
Rd
211
Washington
Ra
pp
Fa
uq
ah
an
uie
no
s Rd
Bristow
rC
ou
Co
Warrenton
nt
29
211
Du
un t
y
Nokesville
Old
ck
D umfrie
Rt
ie
Ai
rl
ings
Rd
f ri
es
Rd
15
Catlett
Sp
r
Sperryville
Rd
R un
f ield Dr
er
El
ui Rd
Aq a
St
Morrisville
Duhollow Rd
Rd
O ld
ee
tz
e Culpeper
Rd
Fo
Fo x
T rl
R
Leeton Ct d
Old Aub
ur
17
S
n
Rd
rd
uc
k Rd
L ees Ri
Goldvein
ty
Ln
S t af f o r d C o u n
ht
on
on St
dis
15
Fr
y to
en
S
S t
5T
h
t
ith
S
Ke
St East S t
G
re
Remington
Le
Rd
17
i ll
eep
Jack
so
Fox
T im Ir
ew D
be o
Eq r F
ue
Ga
yR
Do
d
ve
No r Rd
rfo
lk D
r
M os
Ln
onard s
Town Rd
an
Bealeton
nt
Sain
Rd
B re
Sowego
R
d
ee
re s
Leigh
15
dge R
Brightwood
s ters
Bri
EL
Ma
Ln
Le
ig
R
ill
id l
yH
15
29
Fr
ee
e
um
bu
rg
a ve rl y
rL
F ry
pma
di
lly
he
Fis
Rd
al
l
pa
Ho
ty
un y
C o unt
er
o
ep n C
lp
o
Cu a dis
M
pit
Dr
er
ov n
dem
A ca
St
Hig h
29
Warrenton
Shi
nd
xa
dR
or
ns F
ma
nt y
ou
y
nt
ou
rC
211
A le
St
oo
rC
King
w
i ll
ui e
St
ate
Est
e
P ik e
ria Av
uq
Fa
29
r
alke
W
Cup
D
Rd
s
ce
Ac
pe
l pe
c k Sw
Gold
Wat erloo
n St
211
678
17
rR
Ln
B la
uie
Rd
S p r i ng s D
Winches ter
ky
D re P Rd
B ite nc ian
r
st
Calverton
tz
e
28
V
U
d
sR
Cu
8 42
Opal
Midland
arr
M
Fa
uq
vi
Oa
k
ee
Jeffersonton
ty
un
Co
ty
c k ou n
no
C
n
r
ha
pe
pa
pe
ap Cu l
R
Lignum
Rd
St
lege
C ol
rs Ln
lp eper Co
Cu
re
en
Love
Or
a ng
unt
y
e C ou n t y
Oakpark
Interstate
Secondary Highway
Place
Primary Highway
Local Roads
Railroad
10/07/2016
Credits: ESRI, VGIN
Lake of
the Woods
Wilderness
Lake
Wilderness
10
Five
Mile
Fork
Miles
Page 47 of 106
Cl
W a rk
e
ar
Co
re
n
C unt
ou
y
nt
y
340
50
Lou
dou
n Co
Fau qu
unty
ier C
ount
y
50
Rd
ai
ds
to
m
ia
ow
15
R e ctor t
Ln
ll R
d
Rd
600
V
U
The
Plains
55
V
U
Marshall
234
V
U
245
V
U
66
tH
i
Rd
y
u nt
ty
Co
un
Co
ill
Gro v
u
r Co
n ty
Manor
eds
F au q u i e
ty
Le
C o un
un
do
Rd
rr en
Wa
522
ce
340
ne
in
Pr
600
V
U
55
V
U
u
Lo
66
R
Hal f way d
55
V
U
Ato k
a Rd
17
s
re
Hu m
re
nt y
B la
29
600
U
V
New
Baltimore
Bla kwell Rd
c
522
ty
un
Co
liam
ty
un
Wil
Co
ce
er
Pr in uqu i
Fa
Rd
17
215
V
U
15
Ai
rl
ie
Rd
Rd
28
V
U
Rt
Rd
211
D umfries
211
522
Ra
pp
a
Fa
ha
uq
uie
nn
o
rC
ou
nty
29
un t
y
Co
Ol
ck
Warrenton
Du
fri
es
Me e
211
d
tze R
229
V
U
231
V
U
Rd
15
Catlett
O
pa
Calverton
lR
Opal
d
Rd
d
nR
Frytow
Ln
Old Au
bu
rn
600
Goldvein
3
V
U
15
u nty
V
U
Rd
ford Co
Staf
Le
Rd
Run
ern
Mov
ield Dr
illf
er D r
G
re
en
a lk
St
S
S t
5T
h
Ln
ona rds
M os
er
h Vie w
Fox
T imIr o
ew D
be n
Eq r F
ue
s
eep
Ga
yR
d
Do
ver
Rd
No
rfo
lk D
r
Nort
Morrisville
F a uq u ier C ou n t y
Brent To w n Rd
Sain
Rd
15
ee
tz
e
d
u
A q ia R
k R
Le es
17
Remington
du
m er
Su
Rd
Leeton Ct
El
29
Leigh
di son St
29
Fo
Tr l
Rd
re s
Fo x
ill
rd
Fo
St East St
O ld
hto
Duhollow Rd
Ma
m
ade
Ac
ns
ee
ma
EL
ty
e St
Ln
Rd
17
29
15
ree
ty
Bealeton
F
a verl y
Ln
Le
ig
rL
n
ou
pm a
dil
ly
he
o un
Fis
rC
al
Shi
17
R i d ge
Rd
C ol
522
St
lege
Culpeper Cou
Rd
rs Ln
en
Love
G
re
15
Or
an g
nty
e C o u nty
10/07/2016
Credits: ESRI, Paetec, Zayo,
MBC, Lumos
230
V
U
3
U
V
Lumos
Zayo Fiber
Interstate
Secondary Highway
Place
MBC Fiber
PAETEC Fiber
Primary Highway
Local Road
Railroad
20
Rd
Fr y
ty
un y
C o unt
er
o
ep n C
lp
o
Cu a dis
M
Ho
W Le
p it
522
Dr
rC
Warrenton
211
un
dl
an
d
ui e
St
ik
St
Hig h
P
ria
nd
xa
uq
A le
Kin
rR
28
V
U
Fa
St
St
15
211
Cir
N Hil l D
r
pe
Rd
l pe
Wa terloo
r in g s D r
oe
Bla
ck Sw
678
Fletc
h
Oak S p
Rd
Cu
rR
Ce d a
17
uie
Dr
Fa
uq
Winch est e r
bling St
Bea
rW
r
al lo
w
y Rd
Pk
D rc e Rd
Bit en ian
tr
Soweg
o
bu
rg
Midland
er
vi
te rs
522
B ri s
ty
un
Co
ty
c k ou n
no
C
n
r
a
e
ah
ep
p p u lp
C
Ra
V
U
600
U
V
2.5
Miles
Page 48 of 106
TOWER ASSETS
There are a number of towers in the county, split between county ownership and private
ownership. The majority of the cell towers are clustered along the major roads (e.g. Route 29,
Route 15, Route 17, and Route 8). Rural areas of the county, therefore, lack both reliable cell
phone service and cellular data service). Cellular data service as the primary home or business
means for Internet access can be very expensive. One home-based businessperson we
interviewed indicated their monthly cellular bill exceeded $700 most months. At their location,
they had no other option for the bandwidth needed to conduct routine business and meet
nominal personal Internet use.
In the map below, one can see that the primary distribution of towers is along the primary
routes through the county, especially Route 29, Route 15 and Route 17. Cell coverage is poor
in large parts of the county because household density is low and it is dicult for the cellular
companies to make a business case to build additional towers.
The County can play an important role by making space available on existing county-owned
towers and building additional towers for broadband wireless services.
ty
Frederick Coun
ty
Warren Coun
340
Shenandoah
Shores
Loud
oun
Coun
Fauq
ty
uier
Co un
ty
50
Rd
Rd
ow
d
eR
tyr
1206654
ie r
no
ck
Co
un
ty
Rd
Bristow
f ri
es
ee
un
ty
d
tze R
Co
231
V
U
15
O
l
pa
g St
bl i n
Dr
Roe
St
Fairf
ax
C le
nd
yS
Cla
St
St
Goldvein
Lignum
ep er
Cu lp
Coun
u nt
O ra n g e C o
Place
#
# ## #
3
V
U
10/07/2016
Credits: ESRI, FCC,
AT,Fauquier County
Wilderness
Secondary Highway
ty
Interstate
*Tower230
owned by Fauquier County **Green and Blue ID numbers relate to separte Entity Tables
Primary Highway
20
V
U
S p O ra
o ts ng
ylv e C
ou
an
n
ia
C o ty
un
ty
V
U
#
#
17
d
ui
Aq a R
522
Oakpark
#
#
#
US-VA-2220
iar
la
El k
##
St
ve
tis St
Dr
600
y St
Av
Madison St
lor
St
on
il s Je
W
ffe
rs
M
on
on
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ro
eS
t
15
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vo
Ln
Tay
ire
D
un
Morrisville
4T
h
Lo
cu
st St
Elm
St
sh
nd
88314
St
St
5T
h
St
Oak
Av
e
ett
M
off
u se
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ok
1228316
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k
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re
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ty
ith
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en
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pah
ann
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r
uc
Rd
e rd
ur
g
nt Tow n Rd
Bre
um
East St
Dr
id
la
Bro
St
17
1231158
US-VA-2224
ngton
1257143
US-VA-2179
Rd
Rd
Ln
##
1227051
Br
1234743
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15
rs b
er
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ma
ug
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rn
#
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1240611
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# ##
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ith
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1209660
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eld
irfi
Fa
s St
#
#
ay
Cha
ad
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Fis
N o rth St
522
Warrenton
Ln
t on D r
nW
Dr
Pres
St
ge
rria
Ca
Kin g St
Dr
Erin
St
an
sD
29
o
nn
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Calverton
375725
Midland
28
V
U
Bealeton
High
er
e
Sir
Men
Sh
ip
r
alker D
ch St
Gai
ne
ay
ty
Ho
un y
C o unt
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o
ep n C
lp
o
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Vet
rriage
Ca
se
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229
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15
ner
Ch ur
1017847
ita
l
V
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ds
B en
n
ou
u nt y
sp
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Ha iti
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er Co
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p
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Brenda
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Cu
s Ct
St
pp
a
Fo rbe
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er
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Stuyv
Dr
ill
V ie w C ir
est
Cup
NH
r th
Win ch
Gold
St
Rd
iste
Rd
1232393
pell
1029336
Nokesville
Catlett
Jeffersonton
Ch ap
Bull Run
28
1016110
R
#
## #
##
## #
# U
V#
#
#
US-VA-2224
Du
er
211
Linton
Hall
215
V
U
1018735
1237733
ies Rd
p
lp e
#
#
Sperryville
D umfr
1209660
Fau
qu
Count
y
ier
ty
# #
Rd
29
Old
Co
un
###
1017847
ie
15308
29
Gainesville
ty
qu
an
ah
Cu
Fau
pp
gs
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211
ir
l
Warrenton
15
1062715
Rt
Washington
##
88337
1242426
New
Baltimore
Rd
2491
# #
600
V
U
an
Bl a ckwell Rd
US-VA-8500
Bl
234
S t a f f or d C o u n
R e cto r t
Flint
Hill
F au qu ier C ou nty
st
o
aid
17
522
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V
Haymarket
um
66
410238
ty
245
V
U
un
es
Cr
Co
55
V
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600
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U
US-VA-2197
15
88302
The
Plains
ty
un
Co
am
ty
illi
un
Co
eW
nc
ier
Pri
qu
Fau
Rd
1024355
un t
Marshall
Ln
Rd
i am
Manor
eds
Chester
Gap
ill
375143
Arcola
Stone
Ridge
Co
ty
600
V
U
Bull Run
Mountain
Estates
Rd
oun
Le
ie r C
ne
ce
in
C ou nty
rren
F a u qu
e
Grov
Wa
522
375005
Skyland
Estates
ka
Brambleton
n
ou
ud
to
Pr
55
V
U
Lo
Front
Royal
Apple Mountain
Lake
Half way Rd
17
66
340
522
Middleburg
l Rd
Riverton
50
H il
55
V
U
##
Broadlands
C
la
r
W
ar ke C
re
o
n
C un
Shenandoahoun ty
ty
Farms
0
Lake
Wilderness
600
U
V
3
V
U
10
Five
Mile
Miles
Fork
Page 49 of 106
Calverton VA
Delaplane
Delaplane II
The Plains VA
Morrisville @ Route 651
Warrenton 2
Morrisville VA
Warrenton (FIRST VA)
Moonrock
Warrenton Po VA
Sumerduck Po VA
Hume Po VA
Bealeton Po VA
Campbell Revocable Living Trust VA
Haymarket
Page 50 of 106
Broadband Strategies
Fauquier County has a variety of options and strategies available to improve broadband
availability.
The following pages provide a set of strategies: some can be applied to meet very specific needs
in individual areas. Other strategies can be applied more broadly. These include:
Form an Authority The County would benefit from collaborating on broadband initiatives,
and collaboration with adjacent counties could also be very beneficial.
Public/Private Partnerships All telecom, at varying levels, involve both public and private
collaboration.
Tower Leasing Where space is available on existing county-owned towers, make that space
available to wireless providers. In rural areas where there are no towers, consider constructing
new towers for fixed wireless broadband use.
Encourage the Use of Wooden Utility Poles Wider use of wooden utility poles for access to
wireless fixed point broadband could improve Internet connectivity in rural areas of the county.
Fiber/Wireless Hybrid Network In some areas of the county, placing fiber on rural roads
and using a high performance wireless connection for the connection between the rural home
and the road could reduce costs and oer performance similar to an all fiber design.
Meet-me Box and Fiber Drop Strategy Meet-me boxes and inexpensive fiber drops to
nearby homes or business/retail locations could attract improved wireless services from service
providers and/or promote increased competition.
Demand Aggregation A simple ongoing Web-based survey managed by the County that
collects customer demand information (including location) could be distributed periodically to
service providers.
Referendum It may be useful to have a public vote on allocating funds for broadband
improvements in the county.
Nano-cell Cellular Strategy In some parts of the county where broadband service to the
home is adequate but cellular service is poor, wider use of nano-cell equipment can provide
improved cellular phone service in homes and rural businesses.
Service District Funding Strategy Coupled with the demand aggregation strategy, some
areas of the county could be designated as broadband service districts to provide a funding
mechanism for broadband infrastructure improvements.
Page 51 of 106
Page 52 of 106
dictional authority, each locality typically appoints one or two members. Board members
should have substantial management and business experience. Not all members need to have a
telecom background.
COST DISCUSSION
The direct cost of forming an authority is nominal. On an ongoing basis, an authority needs to
have some funds available for a variety of projects if it is to be eective. Each participating locality should be prepared to provide a fair share of funding, with amounts based on mutually
agreed upon projects and initiatives.
If Authority investments are largely limited to passive infrastructure (e.g. dark fiber, conduit,
wireless towers), the operational costs and responsibilities will be limited. Conduit and dark
fiber would be leased to the private sector and lease prices would be structured to cover most or
all of the ongoing operational costs.
FUNDING OPTIONS
Authorities, as a political subdivision, are eligible to apply for many kinds of state and Federal
funding. For large projects with an appropriately identified revenue stream, an authority can
bond directly. The VRA (Virginia Resource Authority) is able to assist broadband authorities
with revenue bond development, but bonding is probably not an early funding possibility.
ARC and DHCD/CDBG grants may be the best first phase funding opportunities. Local
governments that choose to be members may need to make modest annual contributions. A key
reason for the region to form an broadband authority is to be able to show regional collaboration on broadband improvements. There is a marked preference in grant programs at both the
state and Federal level for collaborative funding requests.
RECOMMENDATION
Rural businesses and residents in the region need a strong advocate for broadband. Improvements to broadband access and aordability are more likely to be successful if there is a single
entity in the region that has primary responsibility for those improvements. Current activities
relating to broadband are spread across several several localities with limited individual resources. The local governments of the region (i.e. Fauquier county and the surrounding counties) should form an Authority and provide an appropriate level of initial funding.
Fauquier Broadband Study DRAFT
Page 53 of 106
FORMING AN AUTHORITY
The legal formation of the Authority is straightforward, with a simple registration form and fee
submitted to the Virginia State Corporation Commission. Other steps prior to submitting the
application should include:
Consensus among leadership on whether or not to pursue a multi-jurisdictional Authority to include Fauquier County, and some or all of the adjacent/nearby counties of
Loudoun, Staord, Prince William, Warrenton, Culpeper, and Rappahannock.
Resolution passed by the Board of Supervisors/Town Council in each locality to create
the Authority.
A charter for the authority has to be created. The charter is relatively short, and there are
many samples available from existing authorities.
A set of bylaws are required. As with the charter document, many examples are available
from other authorities. Single county authorities typically appoint board members by
magisterial districts (e.g. each BoS member appoints a representative from their own district). Multi-jurisdictional authorities typically have one or two members from each participating locality. Authority boards meet monthly or quarterly depending on stang,
operational responsibilities, and funding.
The Authority will require both initial funding and some ongoing financial support from
the participating locality or localities. These funds may be relatively modest, but will be
needed to support early costs (e.g. hiring a grant writer on an as-needed basis for grant
opportunities, technical advice, and other start up expenses).
For many Virginia broadband authorities, locality sta often provide significant technical,
financial, and administrative support. Sta who are going to be directed to provide support will need direction on amount of time to allocate to the Authority and the kind of
support to provide. Some authorities have a part or full time sta member to provide
leadership and to manage day to day interactions with service providers, incumbents,
County/Town sta, citizens, and other stakeholders (e.g. economic development entities,
state agencies, etc.).
Page 54 of 106
PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
Because virtually any modern broadband network (and most older telecom networks) use
public right of way for a large portion of network distribution, ALL business models are
public/private partnerships. The notion of the public/private partnership is not a distinct
business model, but rather exists along a continuum, with minimal public involvement on one
end (i.e. only use of public right of way) to full public ownership on the other end.
SERVICE PROVIDERS
In the County, service providers have to be part of the solution, and some service providers have
been participating as part of the Broadband Advisory Committee. No matter what investments
the county chooses to make, service providers will have to use the new infrastructure to make
the local government investments successful. While in many respects telecom infrastructure
investments share many similarities with other public utilities (e.g. roads, water, sewer) there is
one fundamental dierence. Other public utilities like water and sewer have a captive audience
and the utility is able to operate as a monopolymeaning the customer base can be taken for
granted. Early discussions with service providers have been positive, with at least several
providers expressing a readiness to oer services if the county makes new infrastructure (like
tower access for WISPs) available at fair prices.
Regional telecom investments will be a public/private enterprise, and service providers are the
primary customers of the infrastructure. Service providers cannot be taken for granted.
Instead, a fair fee structure, high quality infrastructure, excellent maintenance and operations
(where needed), and flexibility on business agreements and pricing will be required to recruit
and retain service providers.
Projects that are not successful in attracting service providers will fail. Aordable lease rates for
tower space and/or fiber connections will attract service providers. Other open access projects
(Danville, The Wired Road, FastRoads, Utopia) have not had any diculty getting service
providers to use the infrastructure.
Page 55 of 106
TOWER LEASING
Existing government-owned towers that have spare vertical space could be upgraded to support
wireless providers on those towers at relatively low cost. In unserved and underserved areas of
the County where there are no public safety towers, new towers could be erected and oered to
wireless service providers. Increased coordination among public service uses and broadband
uses could also reap benefits, with fewer towers providing better services for public safety, K12
broadband use, and general residential and business use.
Any placement of new towers should be preceded by a careful viewshed analysis (how much
area/users are likely to be able to receive service). Site acquisition and site preparation costs can
aect the overall cost of such a project. Existing local government properties (e.g. fire/rescue
stations, county parks, dump transfer sites, etc.) may be candidates for towers.
Tower space leased to wireless service providers (WISPs) can generate a small revenue stream,
but the high cost of acquiring new wireless customers and the relatively low profit margins for
in the wireless business will require only modest fees at best. The payback for the initial cost of
a new tower could be fifteen years or more. At least one Virginia county is contemplating
providing free or very low fee access to their towers with the goal of rapidly improving
broadband access in their underserved areas.
The maps on the following pages show what kind of service coverage would be possible by using either existing towers or placing new towers in some locations where service is currently
poor.
Fauquier County government already successfully manages towers. There are no special
challenges to adding more towers (six to eight as a maximum).
COST DISCUSSION
Upgrades to existing towers typically may include adding or upgrading generators, additional
cabinet or shelter space for service provider equipment, and sometime fencing and physical
access changes.
Page 56 of 106
COST DISCUSSION
The cost of placing an eighty foot pole can range from a low of about $2,000 to $7,000 or
more, depending on permitting, engineering requirements, and the location of the pole.
Fauquiers by right permitting of these poles is a substantial benefit; it reduces the cost of
installing them. Some other Virginia localities have onerous permitting and engineering
requirements that make it more expensive for property owners to pursue this option.
FUNDING OPTIONS
Because these are placed on private land, local government would not have to provide any direct
funding. However, the County could encourage wider use of this option with a public
awareness campaign developed in partnership with wireless providers. Local banks could be
encouraged to provide low cost financing of the poles so that property owners could make a
small interest and principal payment monthly over several years to reduce the financial impact.
Given that this strategy requires minimal financial support from the County and has the
potential of improving broadband access in rural areas quickly, the County should promote the
use of this option. Existing wireless providers would also benefit, as they would be able to
provide service to more customers.
Page 57 of 106
COST DISCUSSION
For a meet-me box installed in a main street area (e.g in an alley behind commercial/retail
buildings) with relatively inexpensive and short fiber drop cables into nearby buildings, the
lower end of an installation might start at $35,000. For a box installed in a rural sub-division
that requires distribution conduit/fiber and drop cables, the cost to connect 25 homes might
start at $175,000 on the low end and increase as the number of homes connected increases.
Larger numbers of homes or businesses will each add to the cost, but adding more connected
premises also increases the value of the infrastructure and increases the revenue potential.
FUNDING OPTIONS
In some areas, where it can be shown that this infrastructure is going to keep existing jobs and/
or add new jobs, CDBG funds may be available to support the initial capital costs. Some local
match (e.g. 10% to 20%) may also be required.
Providers will pay monthly lease fees for the fiber strands they use to connect customers, and
these fees will cover some or all of the ongoing operational costs. The greater the number of
connected customers, the larger the revenue potential.
Page 58 of 106
For routine and emergency break-fix maintenance on the fiber or the cabinet HVAC, a small
as-needed repair contract would be required with a firm qualified to make fiber splicing repairs
and related service work.
Emergency repairs would be rare, and routine maintenance would also be very limited. It
would be possible for the county IT department to support some of the routine management of
this infrastructure. Monitoring and repair management could also be outsourced. If an
Authority were formed, the Authority would probably choose to outsource all responsibilities
except contract management (i.e. contracts with repair and monitoring firms).
Page 59 of 106
DEMAND AGGREGATION
A very brief survey that collects address information and bandwidth needs can collect valuable
demand data that can be passed on to ISPs and/or help direct County infrastructure
investments. For both wireline and
wireless services, neighborhoods (often
as few as a handful of homes) can
aggregate their demand to attract
improved service from ISPs. The
current broadband surveys that are part
of this study have collected responses
from more than 544 responses by midJuly.
The Commonwealth recently
announced a broadband survey
( RUOnline.virginia.gov) that collects
similar information. If that data is
available from the state or Virginia Tech
(Tech is managing the survey site), there
may not be a need to duplicate that
survey at the county level.
COST DISCUSSION
A small amount of County sta time would be needed to support the data collection/
distribution task and the public awareness eort.
FUNDING OPTIONS
No special funding required.
Page 60 of 106
REFERENDUM
It may be useful to have a public vote on allocating funds for broadband improvements in each
of the localities. Properly presented to the public, it could be an excellent opportunity to educate the public on the cost of demanding that local government do something. This approach
could have two very dierent but positive outcomes.
If the voters were asked to support a tax increase or special assessment to support improved broadband in rural areas and they voted no, it could take some of the pressure o
Supervisors to do something.
The special assessment could be allocated by creating service districts. By using the demand aggregation strategy to identify areas where homeowners and businesses are willing
to pay an extra fee for improved broadband, the assessment would only be levied based on
demand.
If the voters agreed to support a tax increase or special assessment, then the Supervisors
would have a mandate to fund solutions.
COST DISCUSSION
Sta time would be needed to develop the cost proposition that would be placed on the ballot.
Additional eort would be required to provide an appropriate public awareness campaign to
educate the public on the meaning and purpose of the referendum.
FUNDING OPTIONS
No special funding required.
Page 61 of 106
COST DISCUSSION
This strategy does not require any direct funding from the County, but if an Authority is
formed, the Authority could develop play role educating residents and businesses about this
option. Prior to formal development of the Authority, the County could post information on
its Web site, and the local libraries could provide information about this as well.
FUNDING OPTIONS
No special funding required.
Page 62 of 106
COST DISCUSSION
The County attorney will be required to assist elected ocials with the creation of the service
district.
FUNDING OPTIONS
No special funding required.
Page 63 of 106
Page 64 of 106
The map below shows the potential coverage areas for 180 foot towers in the same locations as
the previous map, but this study assumes that the customer receiving antenna is located 70 feet
o the groundattached to a wooden utility pole. The area covered by the towers is
significantly increased when the receiving antenna can be located above existing tree cover.
Page 65 of 106
COST DISCUSSION
Upgrades to existing towers typically may include adding or upgrading generators, additional
cabinet or shelter space for service provider equipment, and sometime fencing and physical
access changes.
BEST ESTIMATE
(WEIGHTED
AVERAGE)
$6,000
$6,000
$6,000
$6,000
$800
$800
Spare Fuses
$20
$20
$40
$40
$450
$450
$300
$300
$350
$350
$60
$60
$45
$45
$1,000
$1,000
$500
$500
$1,700
$1,700
ITEM/PROJECT
UNITS
Estimated Cost
(Conservative)
18%
$3,108
$20,373
New towers have a range of configurations and cost options. If located on existing County
property, the time needed to plan for construction can be shortened. If site acquisition or a site
lease (of private property) is required, purchase or lease negotiations can add several months to
the process.
BEST
ESTIMATE
(WEIGHTE
D AVERAGE)
$3,000.00
$3,000
$6,000.00
$6,000
$800.00
$800
$1,250.00
$1,250
$22,000.00
$22,000
7 Spare Fuses
$20.00
$20
$40.00
$40
$450.00
$450
$300.00
$300
ITEM/PROJECT
COST(HIGH
)
UNITS
Page 66 of 106
$350.00
$350
$60.00
$60
$45.00
$45
$12,500.00
$12,500
$26,000.00
$26,000
$1,000.00
$1,000
$500.00
$500
$1,700.00
$1,700
$1,500.00
$1,500
20 Construction Total:
$77,515
21
$23,260
22
$9,500
23
$7,500
24
$5,000
25
Contingency
$12,280
26
TOTAL:
$135,055
Notes/Assumptions:
Site work - Land acquisition and leases are not included in tower estimate. Site preparation is estimated and
assumes a typical site with some small vegetation and work needed. If a site will require more extensive land
clearing or road improvement work it should be estimated on a site by site basis.
Generator - a small liquid propane generator is included in the estimate for this tower. The estimate does not
27 include a tank and tank install because in our experience this cost is typically covered by the local gas
company as long as there is a service contract.
Cellular Carriers and Upgrades - Towers at this size must be specifically engineered for their location and
equipment load. The pricing shown above is estimated at a size which will support WISP and Public Safety
equipment. Designing to accommodate cellular providers should be expected to increase the cost by $75,000
to $150,000.
Page 67 of 106
Mostly flat, or gently sloping sites cost less to develop than sites with steep terrain. When
considering tower sites look for flat areas to place the tower and compound. It may be
worth sacrificing some altitude or doing some additional clearing to avoid major ground
disturbances and earth work.
It is common to clear some trees and vegetation while developing a tower site, but excessive clearing requirements will raise costs. If sites are in a wooded area look for locations
where vegetation is sparse and the tree growth is somewhat young (e.g., 8-10 in diameter). Large trees or very dense brush will be more expensive to clear.
Look for secure sites with limited access. Sites are better o in an area that doesnt get
frequent visitors.
Look for tower sites with the potential to connect to fiber networks. Access to multiple
fiber providers on a wireless network will be very important to potential tenants and the
economic viability of the network.
Things to avoid
Avoid dense residential areas and retail areas when evaluating tower sites.
Avoid parcels with creeks or other water features that could be an impediment to
construction.
Large concrete trucks will have to access the site while constructing the towers. During
site evaluation consider the entire route that trucks will have to take.
Avoid locating tower sites near areas where permitting could be an issue. Historic
Districts, airports, scenic locations, and areas with strict zoning should be avoided.
FUNDING OPTIONS
The relatively low cost of tower upgrades and new tower construction suggests the most
expedient funding is direct financial support from the County. If grant funds are needed (e.g.
several new towers are proposed), working with public safety ocials to combine public safety
grant opportunities and public safety capital funds could be very beneficial.
Page 68 of 106
MONTH ONE
Project kick-o
Site identification
Network design
MONTH TWO
MONTH THREE
MONTH FOUR
Foundation construction
Inspection
Tower construction
Construction wrap-up
MONTH FIVE
Equipment installation and network testing
Project close out
Fauquier Broadband Study DRAFT
Page 69 of 106
CORE NETWORK
The core network is often referred to as the backbone network. It is a high capacity route or
set of routes throughout a community or region that provides transport between towns,
neighborhoods, business districts, and other major facilities.
Ideally, the core network is designed as a redundant fiber ring, which provides both capacity
and gives the network the ability to continue operating even if the fiber is cut or damaged in
one location. A fully redundant ring can be expensive to construct, so the ring feature may be
a long term design goal. In Fauquier, an initial Phase One project could be built to connect
downtown businesses, and additional extensions could be added over two or three years of
development to create a highly resilient network.
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
Distribution networks are connected to the core network, and provide primary network paths
through a county, town, neighborhood or business district. Distribution networks are generally
part of what is called middle mile. Fiber-based distribution networks generally are built along
most streets and roads, and can be aerial fiber (mounted on utility poles) or underground fiber
(installed in underground duct or fiber cable that is buried directly without duct).
The distribution network connects the core network (the network backbone) with the
individual connections within a neighborhood or business district that connect to home and
businesses. This portion of the network can be fiber-based or wireless, but fiber will be required
over the long term to support video services and other kinds of high bandwidth applications
like telemedicine, IP TV, business videoconferencing, and other emerging services.
ACCESS NETWORK
The access network is what is commonly called the last mile, although the first mile might
be more appropriate, since customers should be a primary consideration when designing a
Fauquier Broadband Study DRAFT
Page 70 of 106
network. The access network is a direct fiber link between a fiber switch located within a
neighborhood or business district, or it may also be a direct point to point wireless link from a
wireless access point on a tower or building and the home or business. Network subscribers
have to have Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) to get a network connection, and this is
simply a small box that looks like a hub or switch.
In a fiber network, the fiber cable is connected to one port on the CPE, and one or more
copper Ethernet RJ45 ports allow users to connect computers, phones, and TV set top boxes to
it.
In rural areas of the county where homes and businesses may be a long distance from the road
where fiber passes, a utility pole with a high performance broadband radio and antenna could
provide the last few hundred feet of connectivity to an external antenna is mounted on a side
of the home or business with clear line of sight to the pole on the road with fiber connectivity.
Page 71 of 106
CPE (Customer
Premise Equipment)
wireless
Access fiber
Tower-mount
radio/antennas
Neighborhood
cabinet or hut
Internet
Colo Facility
Core network
Distribution
fiber
Backhaul routes
Colo contains
network
management
servers.
Backhaul routes
COLOCATION
AND
Neighborhood
cabinet or hut
CPE
Access fiber
NETWORK FACILITIES
A colocation facility is a controlled environment (i.e. heated and air-conditioned) room with
Internet access through wired and/or wireless systems. The colocation facility will be a place
where fiber, wireless, and copper-based network facilities meet. It will be equipped to house
high-end network equipment, servers, and other electronic gear. A variety of middle layer
network components and services can be located within the colo including, for example,
directory services, replicated content servers, routing services, and other elements needed to
deliver new multimedia services to the home and small oce from multiple, competing
providers.
Fauquier Broadband Study DRAFT
Page 72 of 106
In Fauquier, only a modest pre-fab colocation facility is needed, primarily to house the
networks own equipment. Fiber would be terminated at the colocation facility which would be
placed in a location where existing existing service providers (e.g. MBC, Zayo, Paetec) could
meet the network.
Characteristics of a colocation facility include:
A reliable source of AC electric power is required, with backup UPS (Uninterruptible
Power Supply) service available by an onsite generator.
Controlled access to the facility (e.g. by electronic keycard) 24 hours/day, seven days a
week.
Racks for locating network equipment and servers, and optionally locked cages for
equipment racks.
Functions of colocation facilities include:
Hub for new broadband infrastructure development for the community.
Location for a regional and community network exchange point for local service
providers. Also called a peering point or inter-exchange point, this kind of facility can
reduce costs and increase performance in a win-win-win scenario (because it helps
keep local trac local and reduces service provider costs, thereby reducing the price of
services). In Fauquier, a modest colo facility would provide the meet point for private
fiber and community/city owned duct/fiber.
Insertion point for multimedia services from multiple competing providers to reach
subscribers over single broadband medium (fiber, wireless, other).
Community, campus, or building point of presence for new middle layer components
required to implement next generation Internet (directory services, caching, routing).
Focal point for technical resources and management of community infrastructure.
Aggregation point for low cost access to gigabit scale network services.
BACKHAUL
Every community network requires one or more paths (routes) out of the community to carry
voice, video, and data trac (in both directions). Backhaul network connections can be
purchased from a local incumbent telephone company. In some communities, there may be
other backhaul providers available. Backhaul connections are usually terminated at the
community-owned colocation facility. Any additional infrastructure constructed in the County
would meet service provider networks at a mutually convenient colocation facility or meet
point.
Page 73 of 106
AP3
Distribution Network
Co-location
Service Provider
Service Provider
Backhaul Connections
Internet
AP2
Provider 1
AP1
Network Monitoring
Tower Access
Point Top View
Telehealth
Services
Provisioning
Backup & Config
Core Router
CAB
Business or
Residential Fiber Wireless Backhaul
e
ur r
ct ve
ite ilo
ch Fa
Ar tic
g a
in
R tom
Au
Provider II
Video Storage
FTTx Access
Equipment
Battery Backup
Equipment
Patch Panels and
Cable Management
Data Backup
Fauquier
Schools
VoIP Service
less
than
CAB
ile
.5 m
Customer
Fiber ONT &
Power Equipment
Customer
Customer Customer
Wireless Pole
at Each Cluster
Video
Surveillance
FTTx Access
Equipment
Battery Backup
Equipment
Patch Panels and
Cable Management
Fauquier
County
Fiber
DESIGN NINE
Bandwidth for services will be managed on the edge of the network and service assurance can
be managed through bandwidth reservation on protected rings. This simple architecture will
allow County to start the network with relatively low capital expenditures on network
equipment. As the network grows there are many ways in which a core routed (IP or MPLS)
layer can be added.
For customers that are connected by wireless, Calix indoor equipment can be installed to tie in
the customers with the fiber BSS/OSS systems.
Page 74 of 106
Specialized legal counsel will be required to review contracts with service providers, contractors,
and other participants in the project. Legal costs can vary with a particular location and tend to
go down over time. The most legal work is needed early in the first construction phase to
develop business contracts with service providers, to review construction and vendor contracts,
and to broker lease agreements for use of public or private property (where network equipment
like cabinets or shelters have to be located).
Some costs will be incurred based on the permitting requirements of the project. If Fauquier
County is able to place the colocation facility and any tower sites public right of way or on
county properties at no charge, the cost of leases will be lower. If cabinets or shelters have to be
placed on private property, the cost of the land or long term leases will increase. The cost of
permits needed for crossing wetlands, streams, other sensitive areas, and VDOT permits are
also included in this category. Formal leases and negotiated lease payments are more desirable
than providing some form of free access to services. Since Fauquier County would not be a
service provider, it has no services to give away for free.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Project management for a community network build requires thorough and detailed planning,
experience in procuring construction materials for the project, and the ability to oversee and
convey project information to contractors through the duration of the project, including
construction inspection work (ensuring construction contractors have done their job properly).
This work include a full design of the outside plant network, cabinet and shelter specifications,
and extensive detail (blueprints) that specifies how all fiber cable, towers, buildings, and
network equipment is to be installed. These documents have to be completed prior to bidding
out any construction work, and are usually included as part of a construction bid package. The
detail includes fiber optic cable route determination and size determination, active and passive
network equipment selection and placement planning, splicing layouts and documentation,
network configuration planning, and all engineering necessary to complete construction.
Page 75 of 106
This category includes any buildings and shelters constructed as well as improvements to the
buildings such as redundant HVAC systems, power improvements, fire suppression systems,
security and surveillance systems, etc.
Network construction includes the outside plant materials needed to build the network. Items
like conduit, pedestals, cabinets, hand holes, and splice enclosures are all included in network
construction.
Labor is typically included with network construction for the bidding process but is separated
here to help identify money that could be saved by leveraging local labor resources. Labor
includes the placement of pedestals and hand holes, the underground or aerial placement of
conduit, the construction of foundations (pads) for various structures throughout the network,
and more. Several material costs such as concrete and gravel are included in labor depending on
the type of job to be performed.
Network equipment includes any network electronics that will be used in the network such as
routers, switches, and CPE. Network equipment also includes some items that do not use any
AC power but fall into a similar category such as patch panels, and patch cables. The equipment
cost will vary widely depending on the type of architecture chosen.
Some configuring and testing will take place after the network is built and before it is ready for
use. In a dark network this involves labeling and documenting the routes of individual fiber
strands, and testing of any other features of the network such as generators, air conditioners,
and locks. In an active network the testing and integration includes integration requirements
for a dark fiber network plus the configuring and installation of switches, routers, and other
network equipment. Work in this category requires a skilled professional who is familiar with
the network architecture and the business model (e.g. open access).
MISCELLANEOUS
This category provides a small budget for miscellaneous expenses that will arise during the
course of construction (e.g., bid advertisement costs, inventory tags, etc.).
CONTINGENCIES
The Contingency category is included and calculated as a percentage of the total estimated cost
(e.g., 5% of total cost) to provide flexibility in managing the overall budget. Equipment costs
can and do change between the time an estimate is made and construction commences. Labor
costs can vary depending upon the time of year the work starts, the state of the local economy,
Fauquier Broadband Study DRAFT
Page 76 of 106
and the state of the national economy. Material costs and lead times can vary based on demand
on certain industries, energy costs, and location.
Infrastructure Overview
1
2
3
4
5
6
ITEM/PROJECT
Miles of Fiber / Conduit Installed
Number of Handholes Installed
Splice Closures Installed
Cabinets Installed
Number of Customers Connected
VALUE
10
66
53
1
80
Infrastructure Analysis
1
ITEM/PROJECT
ESTIMATED
$105,799.59
$80,519.15
Summary of Costs
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
ITEM/PROJECT
Extension Construction Materials
Extension Distribution Labor
Extension Structures, Cabinets, and Equipment
Extension Drop Construction
Network Construction Subtotal
Project Management, Network Engineering, Integration, and Testing
Engineering, Permitting
Misc Fees, Advertising, Technical Services
Bookkeeping and Administration
Other Costs Subtotal
Project Total
Contingency at 10%
Project Total (with contingency)
ESTIMATED
$205,036.50
$483,940.00
$22,215.00
$94,000.00
$805,191.50
$96,622.98
$45,000.00
$10,000.00
$5,000.00
$156,622.98
$961,814.48
$96,181.45
$1,057,995.93
Page 77 of 106
Page 78 of 106
Page 79 of 106
$2,500,000
-$151,782
$6,825,000
$273,000
$441,000
$810,000
$1,000,000
$1,810,000
$4,000,000
$0
$4,200,000
$168,000
$168,000
$939,708
New Debt
Principal Payments Per Year
Total Cumulative Debt (minus
principal paid)
Interest Payments Per Year
Cumulative Interest Payments
$115,655
$371,929
$812,929
$9,298,218
$2,500,000
-$252,717
$945,000
$0
$3,340,000
$590,651
$235,781
$371,929
$1,198,361
$88,690
$915,075
$217,964
$118,012
$0
$0
$36,000
$1,287,050
Year 3
$616,102
$466,820
$1,279,749
$11,670,500
$2,500,000
-$357,690
$720,000
$0
$4,060,000
$556,589
$260,715
$466,820
$1,284,124
$578,797
$1,323,000
$312,152
$191,769
$0
$0
$36,000
$1,862,921
Year 4
$2,041,617
$537,512
$1,817,261
$13,437,811
$2,000,000
-$470,656
$405,000
$0
$4,465,000
$512,223
$292,443
$537,512
$1,342,178
$1,071,430
$1,678,556
$433,525
$265,526
$0
$0
$36,000
$2,413,608
Year 5
$1,845,727
$518,686
$2,335,947
$12,967,155
$0
-$489,482
$315,000
$0
$4,780,000
$503,527
$360,266
$518,686
$1,382,480
$1,500,790
$1,956,965
$580,524
$309,780
$0
$0
$36,000
$2,883,270
Year 6
$3,065,659
$499,107
$2,835,054
$12,477,672
$0
-$509,061
$0
$0
$4,780,000
$448,716
$328,955
$499,107
$1,276,778
$1,736,170
$2,042,051
$625,118
$309,780
$0
$0
$36,000
$3,012,948
Year 7
Copyright 2008-2016 Design Nine, Inc. Company confidential. Reproduction and distribution prohibited. All rights reserved.
$1,002,351
$585,000
$0
$2,395,000
$470,356
$173,175
$273,000
$916,531
-$144,940
$415,963
$98,322
$168,000
$682,285
-$376,149
EXPENSES:
Expenses (SG&A)
Expenses (OPEX)
Interest Expense
Total Expenses
EBTIDA
$540,225
$125,121
$70,245
$0
$0
$36,000
$771,591
Year 2
$198,450
$43,588
$28,098
$0
$0
$36,000
$306,136
Year 1
REVENUE:
Residential Revenue
Business Revenue
Government/Inst. Revenue
Other Revenue - Fiber Leases
Other Revenue - Services
Other Revenue - Wireless
TOTAL PROJECTED REVENUE
Financial Overview
$3,270,001
$478,744
$3,313,799
$11,968,611
$0
-$529,424
$315,000
$0
$5,095,000
$506,939
$338,243
$478,744
$1,323,927
$1,817,865
$2,127,136
$668,876
$309,780
$0
$0
$36,000
$3,141,792
Year 8
$6,550,594
$435,543
$4,206,910
$10,888,586
$0
-$572,625
$0
$0
$5,095,000
$460,740
$385,965
$435,543
$1,282,248
$2,209,193
$2,322,832
$807,339
$325,269
$0
$0
$36,000
$3,491,441
Year 10
Page 2
$4,913,415
$457,567
$3,771,366
$11,439,187
$0
-$550,601
$0
$0
$5,095,000
$456,697
$382,677
$457,567
$1,296,942
$2,194,499
$2,322,832
$807,339
$325,269
$0
$0
$36,000
$3,491,441
Year 9
Page 80 of 106
1,500
900
60%
100
25
25%
4
4
100%
Business
Customers Passed
Customers Served (year end)
Take Rate
Government/Institutional
Customers Passed
Customers Served (year end)
Take Rate
Year 1
Residential
Customers Passed
Customers Served (year end)
Take Rate
Fiber Network
6
6
100%
150
53
35%
2,500
1,550
62%
Year 2
10
10
100%
175
79
45%
4,000
2,600
65%
Year 3
16
16
100%
200
110
55%
5,000
3,400
68%
Year 4
20
20
100%
250
150
60%
5,500
3,850
70%
Year 5
20
20
100%
300
180
60%
6,000
4,200
70%
Year 6
20
20
100%
300
180
60%
6,000
4,200
70%
Year 7
20
20
100%
300
180
60%
6,500
4,550
70%
Year 8
20
20
100%
300
180
60%
6,500
4,550
70%
Year 9
20
20
100%
300
180
60%
6,500
4,550
70%
Year 10
Page 81 of 106
$0
$0
$3,317,000
$3,931,260
$371,250
$5,400
$0
$0
$0
$3,668,985
$371,250
$267,675
$4,307,910
Year 3
$189,500
$303,239
$189,500 $492,739.06
$5,805,680 $9,542,676
$2,620,505
$237,500
$3,400
$0
$0
$0
$2,440,680
$237,500
$183,225
$2,861,405
Year 2
$22
$260,715
$52,500
$15,000
$193,215
$41,400
$125,588
$52,500
$556,589
$337,102
Year 4
$18
$292,443
$56,500
$15,000
$220,943
$40,150
$74,100
$57,500
$512,223
$340,473
Year 5
$17
$360,266
$60,500
$60,000
$239,766
$40,150
$57,000
$62,500
$503,527
$343,877
Year 6
$1,544,485
$157,250
$2,470
$0
$0
$0
$1,434,360
$157,250
$112,595
$1,704,205
Year 5
$1,396,475
$128,750
$1,900
$0
$0
$0
$1,297,000
$128,750
$101,375
$1,527,125
Year 6
Year 7
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$15
$328,955
$64,500
$15,000
$249,455
$38,900
$0
$62,500
$448,716
$347,316
Year 7
$1,281,725
$121,250
$1,750
$0
$0
$0
$1,198,750
$121,250
$84,725
$1,404,725
Year 8
$15
$338,243
$64,500
$15,000
$258,743
$41,150
$52,500
$62,500
$506,939
$350,789
Year 8
Year 9
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$15
$382,677
$64,500
$50,000
$268,177
$39,900
$0
$62,500
$456,697
$354,297
Year 9
Year 10
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$15
$385,965
$64,500
$50,000
$271,465
$40,400
$0
$62,500
$460,740
$357,840
Year 10
Page 4
$475,531
$637,323
$706,278
$767,133
$767,133
$823,329
$823,329
$968,270.11 $1,605,593.17 $2,311,871.28 $3,079,004.11 $3,846,136.94 $4,669,466.17 $5,492,795.39
$11,940,310 $12,894,597
$13,614,069
$12,846,936
$13,399,803 $12,576,474 $11,753,145
$2,783,965
$276,750
$4,185
$0
$0
$0
$2,596,415
$276,750
$191,735
$3,064,900
Year 4
$32
$235,781
$45,000
$35,000
$155,781
$42,350
$162,038
$52,500
$590,651
$333,764
Year 3
Copyright 2008-2016 Design Nine, Inc. Company confidential. Reproduction and distribution prohibited. All rights reserved.
$4,295,000
$417,000
$25,000
$400,000
$0
$38,500
$2,900,000
$417,000
$1,420,000
$4,737,000
Year 1
$98,322
$42
$38,500
$173,175
$18,000
$92
$15,000
$119,675
$37,550
$101,925
$52,500
$470,356
$0
$80,322
$278,381
$34,925
$139,350
$24,500
$415,963
Year 2
$217,188
Year 1
Operating Expenses
Support and Equip. Replacement Fees
Network Operations Costs
Total Outside Plant (OSP)
Maintenance
Total Operating Expenses
SG&A
Total Staff Expenses (salary +
benefits)
Total Office Expenses
Marketing Expenses
Other External Expenses
Total SG&A expenses
Governance Model - formal governance model is determined and legal arrangements between governing entities
are negotiated and contracts signed. In Fauquier, this
could take the form of an Authority, or it could be done
as an internal project of the County.
Funding Sources - Funding sources are identified and
fund raising commences.
Business Administration Planning - Identify roles and
responsibilities for participating sta and leadership.
Survey and Route Engineering An on the ground survey is
needed to complete a final route design or tower site assessment. This work is performed by an firm that also has the responsibility to produce the engineered design and obtain required permitting. The
field survey confirms that the final route or tower site can be built to the necessary
standards and regulations.
Construction Methodology selected (Design vs. Design/Build) - One method to
shorten the design and build phases of a project are to award up front a design
build contract where the project management firm is also responsible for construction. This can shorten the project (because of simplified procurement) and is
often recommended for projects where time is of the essence.
Engineering Drawings - After the survey work is completed, engineers produces a
complete set of engineered drawing that meet DOT and other local requirements.
Engineered Cost Estimates A detailed cost estimate is developed from the engineered drawings. The full drawing set is attached to the construction bid documents
and becomes the basis for the awarded construction contract.
Page 82 of 106
Permitting - The engineer will prepare all required permit forms and submit the
permits with the plans. It is important to start the permitting process early to
avoid delays.
Network Architecture Design (Detailed) Final analysis of vendor equipment is performed and selection is made.
Materials and Equipment Selection -Analysis is performed to determine which
equipment oers the lowest Total Cost of Ownership (typically analyzed over ten
years or more).
Detailed Network Design - The detailed network design starts with the completed
network architecture and completely specifies all of the conduit, handholes, cabinets, patch cables, power supplies, generators, batteries, and all other necessary
parts and equipment needed to complete the engineered design.
Equipment and Materials Specifications The engineer also completes a detailed list of
all equipment required for the construction.
Bill Of Materials produced for fiber, conduit, handholes, fiber splice enclosures,
and related hardware needed to install the fiber cable underground and/or on utility poles. If towers are being built, the Bill of Materials specifies all of the towerrelated equipment needed (e.g. cabinet, generator, electric service, etc.).
Service Provider Development In an open access network, service providers have to
be recruited and formally signed to a contract to lease space on a tower or to lease dark
fiber. Providers usually need coaching because they are typically unfamiliar with
open access networks and need help understanding the unique business opportunities
they represent for private sector companies.
Page 83 of 106
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
The documents produced in the Implementation Phase are used to bid
out the construction work and to procure the network equipment
needed to produce an operational network.
Network Equipment Installation Network equipment is ordered from a vendor that meets the technical specifications.
Equipment must be tested, installed in cabinets or shelters,
powered up, and connected to the fiber cable. After installation and
,
,
,
,
,
, ,
Contracts, Agreements, and Leases The construction phase will generate the need for
a variety of legal documents. Some will be related directly to the construction (e.g. an
easement agreement to have conduit cross property). Typical documents include the
development of the Master Network Agreement that is used to sign service providers
to the network. Other contracts would include the development of a draft network
operations agreement if network operations is outsourced, and a similar agreement for
outside plant maintenance and repairs.
Marketing and Public Awareness As the network is constructed, a modest but ongoing public awareness and publicity eort is required to ensure that business customers,
schools, local government agencies and other potential users of the network are aware
of the project and the possibility of reducing costs and obtaining more and better services.
Page 84 of 106
OPERATIONS PHASE
Once the network is completed, service providers are connected first and
then their customers receive connections. At that point, the enterprise
becomes operational and a variety of ongoing tasks and activities begin
to take place.
Service Provider Management Service providers sell directly to
ment) may be limited in the first year or two, non-routine/emergency maintenance support must be in place as soon as the network has customers. Fiber is occasionally damaged (e.g. tree limb falling on aerial fiber, backhoe damaging buried fiber), and a qualified
firm must be available to back repairs within two to four hours. This service is usually
outsourced to a qualified private sector company.
Business Administration An open access network only has a small number of customers,
which are the connected service providers and a handful of local government agencies.
Prudent and careful financial management is needed for accounts receivables and accounts payables, along with other normal bookkeeping activities--chart of accounts
maintenance, bank deposits, check writing, and other tasks. A part time bookkeeper may
be viable in the early days of operations.
Marketing and Awareness While service providers will be responsible for their own mar-
nior manager responsible for day to day oversight. The senior manager should have a
strong business background with experience in successfully starting and managing new
businesses.
Fauquier Broadband Study DRAFT
Page 85 of 106
Appendix A: Glossary
Active network:
Typically a fiber network that has electronics (fiber switches and CPE)
installed at each end of a fiber cable to provide lit service to a customer.
Passive network:
Refers to infrastructure that does not have any powered equipment
associated with it. Examples include wireless towers, conduit (plastic duct), handholes, and
dark fiber.
Dark fiber:
Dark fiber is fiber cable that does not have any electronics at the ends of the
fiber cable, so no laser light is being transmitted down the cable.
Lit network: A litnetwork (or lit fiber) is the same as an active network. Lit refers to the
fact that the fiber equipment at each end use small lasers transmitting very high frequency light
to send the two way data trac over the fiber.
FTTH/FTTP/FTTx: Fiber to the Home (FTTH), Fiber to the Premises (FTTP), and Fiber
to the X (FTTx) all refer to Internet and other broadband services delivered over fiber cable to
the home or business rather than the copper cables traditionally used by the telephone and
cable companies.
Symmetric connection: The upload and download bandwidth (speed) is equal. This is
important for businesses and for work from home/job from home opportunities.
Asymmetric connection: The upload and download bandwidth (speed) are not equal. Cable
Internet and satellite Internet services are highly asymmetric, with upload speeds typically 1/10
of download speeds. Asymmetric services are problematic for home-based businesses and
workers, as it is very dicult to use common business services like two way videoconferencing
or to transfer large files to other locations.
IP video:
Video in various forms, including traditional packages of TV programming,
delivered over the Internet rather than by cable TV or satellite systems.
Latency:
The time required for information to travel across the network from one point
to another. Satellite Internet suers from very high latency because the signals must travel a
round trip to the satellite in stationary orbit (22,500 miles each way). High latency makes it
very dicult to use services like videoconferencing.
Fiber switch:
CPE: Customer Premises Equipment, or the box usually found in a home or business that
provides the Internet connection. DSL modems and cable modems are examples of CPE, and
in a fiber network, there is a similarly-sized fiber modem device.
Handhole:
Handholes are open bottom boxes with removable lids that are installed in the
ground with the lids at ground level. The handholes provide access to fiber cable and splice
closures that are placed in the handhole. Handholes are also called pull boxes.
Fauquier Broadband Study DRAFT
Page 86 of 106
Pull boxes: Pull boxes (also called handholes) are used to provide access to fiber cable and
splice closures. They are called pull boxes because they are also used during the fiber cable
construction process to pull the fiber cable through conduit between two pull boxes.
Splice closures: Splice closures come in a variety of sizes and shapes and are used to provide
access to fiber cable that has been cut open to give installers access to individual fiber strands.
Splice closures are designed to be waterproof (to keep moisture out of the fiber cable) and can
be mounted on aerial fiber cable or placed underground in handholes.
Splicing: The process of providing a transparent joint (connection) between two individual
fiber strands so that laser light passes through. A common use of splicing is to connect a small
drop cable of one or two fiber strands to a much larger (e.g. 144 fiber strand) cable to provide
fiber services to a single home or business.
SCADA:
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. Used by the electric utility industry
and some other utilities (e.g. water/sewer) to manage their systems.
Colo facility: Colo is short for Colocation. Usually refers to a prefab concrete shelter or data
center where network infrastructure converges. A colo or data center can also refer to a
location where several service provider networks meet to exchange data and Internet trac.
Backhaul:
Typically refers to a high capacity Internet path out of a service area or locality
that provides connectivity to the worldwide Internet.
Page 87 of 106
Page 88 of 106
I would be using it for more but the increased cost based on cellular access keeps me from taking advantage of other possible
uses
I would do more, like stream videos and movies, but I have HughesNet and the extra data would break the bank!
I WOULD DO MUCH MORE IF I HAD FASTER INTERNET!
I would like to watch movies and games and such but the internet is so slow I am not able.
I would use for more things such as movies, music, download books, etc., however I have limits with my satellite coverage.
I would use for working from home and streaming; however the current service is too slow and data limits are too limited.
I would use it for many more things if I could, but the connection is terrible, the service is terrible, and the speed is terrible.
The cost is already outrageous and they know they can get away with it because they are my only option.
I would watch movies and Skype if we had reliable internet.
"I'M a farmer and use it for crop futures and reports, etc
"
Internet is very limiting to children and adult school work and working from home.
Job hunting
Links in. Games like scrabble. We don't stream movies since we don't have the bandwidth 20 gig a month
Maintain website for family. Family has annual reunion and like to read family updates, see historical photos and documents,
news articles etc. on the family website. Satellite upload speed is sometimes so slow that I can't upload material to the family
website and it times out. Frustrating and time consuming!
Manage 4 Non-Profit sites
Manage investments
Micro cell for phone service
"Monitor security system
Control thermostat when away"
Most business services communicate with their customers via the internet. Having reliable high speed internet service is no
longer an option -- it's an absolute need in the 21st century. Most businesses provide paperless invoices and statements at no
cost and we are required to pay for paper statements. Hospitals and doctors oces now use on-line systems that require patients to use for making appointments and completing medical forms. The demands and needs for internet are endless.
Music Production
Nearly everything we do revolves around the internet. The kids homework is to be done online but the service cannot support
4 kids on internet at the same time.
online bill pay, maintain website
Online Investments
Our internet is not strong enough to download movies, etc.
Pay monthly Credit Card bill. Monthly/annual/semi-annual billings.
paying bills
Photography
Product research
Pure living, life in the 21st century
satellite internet is not sucient to watch movies online.
Secondary education for adult as well as primary education for the kids
Security camera, File Server, Web server, etc
SHOOL SCHOOL SCHOOL. WE HAVE A RISING HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT TO HEAVILY DEPENDS ON
HAVING INTERNET ACCESS
Some of the above items are only desired, because my satellite internet cannot facilitate them, such as downloading music,
videos, movies, and gaming. Our satellite service is very poor and slow. It also goes out in any inclement weather.
Stock trading
the volunteer groups that I am involved with use Facebook and the Websites as means of communication
There is not enough room for comments at the end of this survey!! I have so much to say on the subject!!
These are all things we would like to do on the internet but the reality is we cannot access the majority of it because to the
bandwidth on our satellite service. We cannot download music, movies, gaming, VOIP, limited Facebook, etc.
To check my work schedule and search for new positions at work, resumes.
Fauquier Broadband Study DRAFT
Page 89 of 106
Page 90 of 106
What do we not use the internet connection for? Growing our garden veggies. Even for that, we research how to do it better
online.
Wish we could do online movies and music...but DISH limits ability to do so
Work
Work from home
Working from Home has a lot of unloads and downloads of all types of files. Need better unlimited internet options!!!
would like to watch movies and online videos, stream and/or download movies, utilize online backup, etc. but with satellite the
speed/bandwidth is not sucient.
Would use for movies, books if service was better.
would use it for more - streaming music and video but cost /performance prohibits this use
would use it more but it is not reliable or fast enough
Would use more if we had better service and not paying per gig
Page 91 of 106
Page 92 of 106
Comcast "oered" to hook my house to their system for $25000 since I'm "just outside" their service area..
Comcast came halfway down my road and won't come to my house.
Comcast charges way too much because they know there is nothing else really available. How come we don't have FIOS available?
Comcast just installed service a few months ago. Trenched over 600 ft. At no cost. Was that subsidized?
Comcast monopoly = high priced bundles
Comcast service is OK, but it is expensive.
Comcast stops in one mile in either direction of my house. My wife and I desperately want high speed internet for Netflix
Comcast won't come to my house, but they will serve my neighbors who are just a few hundred feet away
Comcast's unreliable and over priced service needs competition that would cause competitive pricing and improved service.
Comcast/xfinity is awful, truly awful. Terrible customer service, high cost, unreliable. Make sure to survey businesses too.
Competitive options would be nice. My only option for reliable broadband is Comcast
Connections are so bad we still have to drive to a wifi location most of the time
Critically important that this get done and done well. Prepare for what we need in twenty to fifty years.
Current service is very expensive and limited data-wise Interestingly, Germany's internet svc is better & costs less than ours.
Current speed 29 - 31 GB Down. , 5 - 6 GB. UP
Currently paying ~$425 a month for the data to run a consulting business, makes growing business very dicult.
data cap on internet usage is unacceptable in today's world, puts my son at a disadvantage
Data metering makes Exede expensive
Dead cell zone area. Even LTE. No internet options but satellite or dial-up. Would like fiber like Fios.
Debra Fletcher
Deparately need faster & more reliable Internet service.
Depurate for faster internet
Desperately need better internet! Get rid of Comcast! Cable is at the corner of our street and they won't continue line.
Desperately need internet and cell phone service at reasonable price!
Dire need for better internet performance and lower cost than satellite
DSL is too slow for the online academic courses my kids are required to take
Elected public ocial - sometimes dicult to access needed information. Volume of data downloads impact user fees.
end of Verizon DLS line so connection very slow or not at all
Erect cell tower or cable please
Even just outside of Warrenton town there is no fiber optic network option. Very disappointing.
Excede is the only provider to my address and road, and is metered the way dial up used to be, with horrible speeds
Expanding internet and cell service is absolutely essential to the future of Fauquier County.
Expense for these services is exorbitant
Expense for these services is exorbitant.
Farming applications and supplies/ purchasing
Fauquier county defiantly need some other type of Internet service
Fauquier County needs better access to broadband services to increase competition, make rates competitive, and increase quality.
Fauquier County needs to get with the times!!
Fauquier County's rural areas desperately need true broadband!
Fauquier needs more options for tv and cable services. Also internet availability.
Fauquier needs to join the 21st Century, Thanks for doing this!
Fiber optics please
Fiber should be available to rural areas.
FIOS Please
Four letters: FiOS. Either get Verizon to drop data caps from cellular internet or have them build out FiOS.
Free Enterprise! If someone wants better Internet coverage it is available...they just have to pay for it. No tax increase!
frequent dropped calls with AT&T. Was the same with Verizon
GET COMCAST TO GET US SERVICE
Fauquier Broadband Study DRAFT
Page 93 of 106
Page 94 of 106
Page 95 of 106
I would like to see an improvement in cellular service in my area. Most times there is no signal from my AT&T provider available
I would like to see this expanded to Upperville and Marshall region and Meetze Road in Warrenton. I visit family often.
I would like to telecommute, but because of our slow internet service, I can't
I would prefer a wired fiber or cable connection and would pay for it
I would prefer a wired fiber or cable connection and would pay for it
I would really like to get Verizon FIOS. Comcast will not run a line to our house because they say there isn't enough density.
I would work from home a lot more if my Internet connection was better
I would work from home but cannot connect at a sucient speed and at reasonable cost
I would work from home more but am limited due to current Internet speed and reliability.
I would work from home more if I had reliable and fast internet. As it is, I rent oce space in town in order to have access.
I'd like to have access to internet providers like Virginia Broadband, like other Fauquier County residents.
i'd like to see more consistent service. This area has '
I'd we could at least get cell service that would be a start!!
I'm a full time county employee which my position requires me to have the above services
I'm glad you are doing this. I work in the Internet related industry (CCIE certified). I'd be glad to help. Email above.
I've had faster internet, than the 3 mb/s I get currently in Marshall, while traveling to third world countries.
I've lived in Marshall for over 20 years. The cable company is unwilling to provide access on our street. Phone lines are copp
Implement extended fiber and a wireless mesh ASAP regardless of cost.
In addition to cost, reliability is an issue. I frequently lose internet and TV service is there is rain, snow or cloudy conduit
In my area fiber or other infrastructure may be unrealistic; however, I am hopeful that more towers for wireless could be built.
In my work from home, it is often faster for me to drive to town to submit projects that it is to attempt to do it from home.
Inadequate broadband is preventing me from living in my Fauquier home full time.
internet access is essential for our work and school. No cable, fiber, or DSL. Considering moving based on this alone.
Internet access using satellite is totally unacceptable. The lack of speed combined with the increased latency
Internet access/speed is limited (can't reliably stream video; have to carefully monitor data usage). Poor service for the cost.
Internet Data seems to be getting slower and slower.
Internet is awful I Fauquier county. We regret our house purchase two years. We couldn't imagine internet in the USA this
bad.
Internet limits my ability to work from home, due to lack of coverage. so, I commute 3.5 hours daily
Internet service is not reliable which makes school work dicult and also makes keeping up with regular work hard.
Internet service via fiber or cable is long overdue in rural/suburban Fauquier County
Internet Speed and Reliability should be separated. Hughes Net is reliable but with wildly variable, but mostly snail-like
speeds
Internet speeds extremely slow, costs {and speed} prevent using for smart tv, movies, sports streaming, etc
Internet usage would be higher, but there are data caps which prevent streaming.
Is there anything we can do to bust the monopoly that Comcast has established in our area? I'd love to do business with another
Is there anything we can do to bust the monopoly that Comcast has established in our area? I'd love to do business with another
It appeared that fiber cables are in the area, but not available to home users? Is this true?
It is a crime that we are 70 miles from the nation's capital and have such lousy internet service.
it just cost to much overall
It would be great to download books, take courses but not possible with dial up
It's about time Fauquier County realized there is a need for high speed internet services.
It's disappointing to see counties around Fauquier with fiber access, giving them options for providers- we just have Comcast.
It's time for Fauquier County to embrace the technical features of the 21st century.
Lack of interest service oers
Land line phone service is poor. Verizon tech states cables are old and insulation going bad. Company will not replace. Static
Landline infrastructure sorely needs to be upgraded. Then perhaps those in rural areas might have access to fiber optic internet
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leave Fauquier County alone. We are rural for a reason. We like the country life.
Line of sight access is severely limited for cellphone and internet.
Little/no competition in our area for tv and internet. Cell WiFi poor option since adversely aected by location/weather.
Looking at opening a business in Fauquier in addition to my current employer. Prospects are poor without internet connection
Main need is for good fast aordable internet
Make towers as tall as they need to be for eective coverage.
Many of our poorest residents who would benefit from this survey cannot access it! We are disadvantaging remote, poor students.
Members of Houshold work from home twice a week.
Mesh Networks, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesh_networking, may help to spread Internet access beyond utility barriers.
Microwave internet cost eective alternative to cable/telephone broadband wiring
Moved from Dial-Up to Satellite to WISP, with cost increasing each step . $90/month for WISP - high price, out of reach?
My 4G service is good but has a 10GB cap, which I keep exceeding -- and I don't even stream videos or do games.
My area is 10 to 15 years behind in Internet and mobile cell service. I love my home but it makes it very hard to work from
home
My big problem is bandwidth limits for our internet connection. We'd like more data, but it's prohibitively expensive.
My current cost for Internet,TV & LL Phone: $308/month
My Internet connection restricts my ability to work from home with telemedicine.
My internet is not fast enough to connect.
My internet/wireless modem limits me to 5Gb/month. I would use more if I had unlimited service. I sometimes go to the
library.
My major complaint now that I live in town with internet service is the cost Comcast charges for bundled service. Furthermore,
My primary problem is slow internet UPLOAD speeds.
My son lives on Atoka Rd and has no internet. He is a volunteer fireman and fire inspector. His cell phone also has bad recent
My wife also works full time from home for another company. I also have programs that connect to me so they can do work
for me
My wife and I both work full time from home.
My wife worked full-time from home for several years. She spent many days in Panera and other local hot-spots due to poor
service
Need a cell tower in Hume
Need better access and lower cost!
NEED BETTER INTERNET
Need better service, lower costs
NEED More TV/Internet Options: FIOS! FIOS!FIOS! PLEASE
Need phone, cell, TV, and Internet service for new home being built.
Need to be working more from home. Have to go to McDonald's or library. Daughter attends LFCC. She can't do homework
at home.
Need volume insensitive pricing.
No internet service
No options for Internet at home.
Occasionally when I take college courses on line
Often our Internet is so slow as to be completely unusable aND we have to drive to a public place with Internet.
One of the two members works full time from home. One works occasional nights and weekends from home.
Only get 3 mbps download speed and 1 mbps upload speed. Need higher speed for bus inessential purposes.
Only having Comcast in the neighborhood now makes pricing extremely expensive.
Our area has MANY miles of ZERO or extremely limited cell phone reception - turn or walk a few steps & you lose connection
Our area needs internet available
Our biggest issue with our internet is the data cap and high expense
Our Cellular Service is very poor, our Satellite Internet is very slow, and very limited options for improvement.
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our choice for tv is between 2 satellite companies who have marginal service/high prices. internet is $60 for 10g!!! terrible
Our choices are limited in a rural area with poor landline and cell service. Satellite is all there is and we are limited to 25G
Our current internet option, which is through satellite, is not ecient, nor eective, for our school-age child.
Our family and our businesses are in dire need of reliable high speed internet access.
Our home service is adequate but moving around the county is the challenge. "Mobile" isn't truly mobile.
Our internet is great until the "red circle" appears - meaning we have used up out units. this is 2016 for goodness sake!
Our internet is very unreliable; constantly in and out. Phone often gets loud static/buzzing in the line.
Our land line goes down several days every year. Once it was down for over 30 days.
Our landline and DSL service provided by Verizon more often does NOT work. Of course, when a technician comes, all is
well.
Our landline telephone is awful, because Verizon doesn't adequately maintain it. Our cell phone doesn't work at home.
Our neighborhood is surrounded by other neighborhoods that have dependable internet access. We do not have it.
Our only option for internet is our cellphone hot spot. We have almost no cellphone signal, so can't connect to the internet.
Our only option is via Verizon. We ration our use to 60GB/month. We need more, but cost is prohibitive.
Our part of Warrenton is a dead zone for broadband or cable ISPs, and none have plans to come out here.
Our property is in a dip. Verizon/AT&T signal very foggy
Our speed from Blaze doesn't permit high-def video streaming.
Our use, downloading, and upgrading of Cell and internet is extremely limited due to unreliable signal.
Please - need Internet alternative to satellite
Please bring better Internet options to our area!
Please bring faster internet to The Plains or faster/reliable/unlimited Satellite internet
Please bring Fios to Fauquier county!
Please bring high speed internet!!!!
PLEASE BRING US BROADBAND!!!!!!!!!!
Please bring us into the 21 Century
Please contact me if any additional help is needed or surveys become available to fill out. I am happy to assist.
Please for the love of god get some high speed internet over here
please get a cell tower and some type of better land line services in my area
Please get me broadband internet!!!
please get new lines installed or get new cell towers that will work in my mountainous region of Fauquier county
Please get this fixed and easier for inner net connection
Please get us Comcast or the like!
Please get us good internet / cellular service!!!!
Please help us down in the Casanova area so our children can keep up with everything
PLEASE help us find other and cheaper options!! It is frustrating that only 2 miles away is CABLE that we can't get!!
Please help us get better internet service - we are desperate and so are my neighbors.
Please help us, I love VA but the internet access is the NUMBER ONE reason I would move. We have a farm here though...
PLEASE HELP US!!!! Look at the map were we live...there is Comcast to the left of us and Comcast to the right, connect it
please
Please help with faster internet access
please help!!!!
Please hurry.... selling my home due to lack of broadband... cant find a good that has broadband unless I move into town
Please look into leveraging Electric Coops to lay down fiber and the FCC Connect America Fund, ref. NY Times article
Please make the Internet faster
PLEASE MAKE THIS A PRIORITY!!! It's a huge huge issue in our area!!!
Please make this happen!
Please note cell phone and home phone service at my home are dependent on my internet service.
Please please bring us the Internet at an aordable rate!!!! We've been begging for years and are always told we're too rural.
Please please please get cable and Internet access to our area. Living here is great but there is good reason we do not have it
Please please please please please please please please
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We can't use VOIP because our bandwidth is too limited; we run out of bandwidth every month; we have no cell phone service
We deal with access issues in other spots well - its how it was when we moved here. That is why it's beautiful! So worth it : )
We desperately need fast, dependable, & unlimited internet access as we work from home full time work from home.
We do not watch movies because of limited data.
We don't game online or watch movies because the connection is too slow.
We don't need phone service, cell phones are fine in the area. Comcast supplies TV, but no internet. We need broadband.
We had internet and tv up until a few months ago when the bill became to much and we couldn't aord it anymore
We had Verizon wireless for internet and installed booster to better signal, but booster requires continuous reset.
We hate our DSL and restart the router multiple times each day.
We hate satellite connection. no reliable TV, internet, cell phone services. had to fold my life Internet business.
We have a Verizon T-1 line embedded in the front of our property but Verizon refuses to extend residential service to us
We have asked Verizon sneak times for internet service but they have declined our requests.
We have been thinking about buying our first home, and it's hard to find properties w/land that are in an internet service area
We have been trying to get another internet provider other than HughesNet
We have cable at both ends of our street but not on our street. How is this fair? Our internet access is via wireless 10G
We have much better internet access at our camp in the Adirondacks than we have seventy miles from the nation's capital.
We have zero cell service at home, no signal,,,,,.
We love living in the country but the internet issues are a huge problem!
We must have internet, and we pay over $500.00 per month. It is a terrible burden on our family financially.
We need a company that understands and provides better service
We need a constant on unlimited data broadband connection or we will move out of the county
we need access to cable phone internet that is less expensive and better quality
We need AFFORDABLE UNLIMITED options for internet - it is a must for schoolwork and my work!
We need another provider, we are held hostage by only one provider, there is no competition, there fore we have to pay very
high
We need broadband service out here! So close to DC yet we're living in the internet stone age.
We need Fiber Optic Cables out here Agent Lee
We need good reliable high speed internet!!!!!!! Please.
we need internet service
We need reliable high speed connectivity.
We need this in our county!! We pay too much for cell phones and still have to travel to McD's to use free internet.
We need this service bad all my neighbors want internet but it's not available
We need to be able to attach response letters to this survey. Please instruct.
We need uncapped broadband desperately!! They limit the amount of GB we use and I am paying through the nose for it!
We own and live on our farm. Better internet service would be very important to keep up with news and technology in farming.
We pay $$$$$$ for basic, unreliable services; it should be better
We really need cable internet! I'm tired of paying HUGE fees for very slow, unreliable satellite internet.
We really want access to unlimited internet with the capability of being able to view Netflix, etc.
We run 3 business from our home. For us, having high speed, reliable access to internet is essential. We appreciate your help!
We sure need better options in Fauquier C. Verizon is so expensive,and land line reliability is deteriorating. Thanks.
We typically pay over $500/month for service which is why we aren't willing to pay more.
We want Verizon Fios
We would be ecstatic to have the option of cable and Fios in our area
We would like better internet service to work from home, download videos/movies/books/music. Also need better cell service!
We would like to be able to stream movies
We would like to join the 21st Century. We do not have cell signal r any choice other than satellite for tv and Internet.
We would love a more reliable internet service. The $99 per month that we pay would be much more tolerable if the service
was.
Fauquier Broadband Study DRAFT