Drug

Mechanism of action

Generic name:
Tramadol

Tramadol and its Odesmethyl metabolite (M1)

are selective, weak OP3- Indicated
for
the
receptor agonists. Opiate management
of
receptors are coupled with moderate to moderately
G-protein receptors and severe pain in adults.
function as both positive
and negative regulators of
synaptic transmission via Contraindication
G-proteins that activate contraindicated
in
effector proteins. As the
any situation where
effector system is adenylate
opioids
are
cyclase and cAMP located
contraindicated,
at the inner surface of the
including
acute
plasma membrane, opioids
intoxication with any
decrease
intracellular
of the following:
cAMP
by
inhibiting
alcohol, hypnotics,
adenylate
cyclase.
narcotics, centrally
Subsequently, the release of
acting
analgesics,
nociceptive
opioids
or
neurotransmitters such as
psychotropic drugs.
substance
P,
GABA, Hypersensitivity
dopamine,
acetylcholine
and
noradrenaline
is
inhibited. The analgesic
properties of Tramadol can
be
attributed
to
norepinephrine
and
serotonin
reuptake
blockade in the CNS, which
inhibits pain transmission
in the spinal cord. The (+)
enantiomer has higher

Drug class:
Analgesic
Dosage:
50mg 1 tab q6 RTC

Indication
Contraindication
Indication

and

Side effect and Adverse effect

headache,
dizziness,
drowsiness, tired feeling;
constipation, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, stomach pain; or.
feeling nervous or anxious.
itching, sweating, flushing
(warmth, redness, or tingly
feeling).

Nursing Considerations
Assessment & Drug Effects
Assess for level of pain
relief and administer prn
dose as needed but not to
exceed the recommended
total daily dose.
Monitor vital signs and
assess
for
orthostatic
hypotension or signs of CNS
depression.
Discontinue drug and notify
physician
if
S&S
of
hypersensitivity occur.
Assess
bowel
and
bladder function;
report
urinary
frequency
or
retention.
Use seizure precautions for
patients who have a history
of seizures or who are
concurrently using drugs
that lower the seizure
threshold.
Monitor ambulation and take
appropriate
safety
precautions.
Patient & Family Education
Exercise
caution
with
potentially
hazardous
activities until response to
drug is known.
Understand potential adverse

affinity for the OP3

receptor and preferentially
inhibits serotonin uptake
and enhances serotonin
release. The (-) enantiomer
preferentially
inhibits
norepinephrine reuptake by
stimulating
alpha(2)adrenergic receptors.

effects and report problems

with
bowel
and
bladder function,
CNS
impairment, and any other
bothersome adverse
effects to physician.
Do not breast feed while
taking this drug.

Precautions:
Pregnancy,