You are on page 1of 17

Tsunami Simulations using Dashboard and Delft3D

13 June 2012 Deepak Vatvani, Deltares, OSS Webinar

Tsunami generation within Dashboard


Investigate the importance of resolution and time step
Advice on which solver to use
.

We start this session by setting up a Delft3D model

Select working folder

First step in Dashboard:

File
Select Working directory

Model input

Set RuniD and Attrib.


names
Generate grid
Generate bathymetry
(before doing this
set: Depth to grid cell
centre)
Create open
boundaries
Make
Make
grid
grid
Set
simulation time
6 (or 4) hours; Map
Make
Maketobathymetry
bathymetry
to 10 or 5
Make
Maketime
open
open
boundary
boundary
minutes
(depending
on the speed and HD
Stations
Toolbox
capacity
of your PC)

Tide Stations
Make observation points
33.75

Save all

Model definition; other important input


Stations definitions (Tide stations
toolbox)
Fourier file (Output)

Then go to tsunami toolbox (a newer


version is available; with new feature
to load and save EQ-parameters)

Tsunami Generation

Most important for tsunami simulation is defining of the source.

The source in Delft3D is prescribed as initial condition (IC), through the so-called
initial condition file containing water elevations (and zero velocities) at t = 0

This file can be generated in Dashboard (only EQ generated tsunami) through the
tsunami toolbox

The model used to generate the IC is the so-called Okada model (1985)

It requires a number of parameter: strike, dip, slip/rake angles

And Moment magnitude, Mw, rupture length, L, and width, W (i.e. Rupture area).

Empirical relation between L, W, A and Mw is also built in the tsunami toolbox

Example relation between L, W or A with Mw


Source: Wells &
Coppersmith,
Bulletin of the
Seismological
Society of America,
Vol. 84, No. 4, pp.
974-1002, August
1994

Similar simplified
relation has
been built in the
Delft Dashboard
tsunami toolbox.

Earthquake parameters; meaning of the parameters


Strike, slip, dip, Length and Width
N

Le
ng

th

h
idt

Earthquake parameter values; e.g. from USGS site

Test cases
Max. extensional strain (T)
Max. compressional strain (P)

Historical parameters http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eq_depot/2011/eq_110311_c0001xgp/neic_c0001xgp_m.html

Tsunami Toolbox

Shao, G., Li, X., Ji, C., and


Maeda, T. (2011).

Adjust to get appropriate initial tsunami


height and distribution if necessary

Initial condition for Delft3D; water level displacement

Start Simulation
Start Simulation; after preparing and saving the input file
Using batch file start the simulation
View results using Quickplot

Simulations

tst1: 100*100 grid points;


tst2: 400*400 grid points;
tst2a: 400*400 grid points;
tst2b: 400*400 grid points;
tst3: 666*666 grid points;

dx = dy = 0.10;
dx = dy = 0.0250;
dx = dy = 0.0250;
dx = dy = 0.0250;
dx = dy = 0.0150;

dt = 1 min
dt = 1 min
dt = 0.5 min
dt = 0.25 min
dt = 0.5 min

Model resolution required to represent a


tsunami wave
using the criterion of 40 grid cells per wavelength

10 min
15 min

10000

30 min
5 min
1000

100

0.8

T + 2:00 hours

RMS error = 0.11427

Satellite (TOPEX/Poseidon)
Delft3D simulation (w1r)

0.4
Water elevation (m)

Minimum resolution (m)

100000

10
1

10

100
depth (m)

1000

10000

-0.4

-0.8
-10.0

-8.0

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

Latitude (degrees)

dots: TOPEX data

20.0

Solver
If only propagation is important: Cyclic is sufficient
When flooding is equally essential (high reolution model required)
then Flood solver is required
Other parameters:
Depth at DP point

Solver tsunami flooding


LEFT: Cyclic Solver & RIGHT: Flood Solver (conservation of momentum for rapidly varying
flows Stelling & Duijnmeijer 2003).

Inundation level
higher

Propagation speed
higher; deeper
flood penetration

Results
tst1
tst2
tst2a
tst2b
tst3

Phenomena that may also


have influence on the
wave form:
Reflection
Diffraction

Wave guidance

Peak tsunami wave heights


2.5-3.5 m

2.5 - 3 m

1.5 1.9 m
2.2 m

X, 10 m
Too Low
0.15
13 m
11 m

X, 7 m

X, 2 to 7 m

2.2 m

1.2 - 2 m

X 0.6m
Too Low

Animation

You might also like