TORSION

MOHAMAD NABIL AKLIF BIN BERO (0318783)

Group Members:
ELLIOT ANDREWS
LAI JIN HOU
TING CHERN WEI
YASIR ASHRAF

School of Engineering
Taylors University
Malaysia

Table of Contents

Date of Experiment: 25/09/15

Report due date: 20/11/15
Report submission date: 20/11/15
Checked by:

Item/marks
Format/10
Abstract and Introduction/10
Figures and Diagrams/15
Materials and Method/10
Results and Discussions/45
References/10
Total

ABSTRACT........................................................................................... 1

OBJECTIVES......................................................................................... 1
1.0 Introduction.................................................................................. 1
2.0 Experiment design.........................................................................2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

Materials.............................................................................................2
Apparatus...........................................................................................2
Methods..............................................................................................3
Procedure...........................................................................................3

3.0 Results.........................................................................................4

3.1. Sample calculations.............................................................................7

3.2. Graphs................................................................................................8

4.0 Discussion................................................................................... 10
CONCLUSION...................................................................................... 11
REFERENCES...................................................................................... 11

ABSTRACT
Torsion experiment is conducted to study and also to determine the torque per unit length twist
of three materials; aluminium, mild steel and also brass. The angle of twist as well as the torque are
recorded. Calculations are made to identify the; modulus of rigidity and yield shear stress of each
materials. From analysis, aluminium is the most ductile material among them and could withstand
higher torsion as it has the highest modulus of rigidity, followed by brass and lastly mild steel.
1

OBJECTIVES
1. To obtain the torque/unit length twist for a ductile material such as aluminium, mild steel and brass.
2. To obtain the modulus of rigidity (G) and the yield shear stress ().

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 EXPERIMENT DESIGN

2.1 Materials

Figure 1 Torsion testing machine

2.2 Apparatus

Figure 2 - Dimension of specimen

1. 3 pieces of specimen (aluminium, brass and mild steel)
2. Vernier caliper
3. Torsion testing machine

2.3 Methods

Firstly, the specimen is loaded into the torsion testing machine as shown in the apparatus setup
above. Calibration to zero is made to the digital torque meter before starting the experiment. Next, the
twisting motion is applied by turning the hand wheel of the apparatus. The increment of twisting is by
90 and up to 720 until the material break.

2.4 Procedure

3.0 RESULTS

Table 1 - Results for mild steel

Angle,
degrees
90
180
270
360
450
540
630
720

Angle
of
twist,
rad
0.025
0.051
0.076
0.101
0.127
0.152
0.177
0.203
5

Torque,
Nm
0.55
2.4
4.9
7.45
9.85
11.95
13.5
14.6

810
900
1080
1260
1440
1620
1800
1980
2340
3060
3780
4500
5200
5940
6660

0.228
0.253
0.304
0.355
0.405
0.456
0.507
0.557
0.659
0.861
1.064
1.267
1.464
1.672
1.875

15.3
15.9
16.4
16.7
16.85
17
17
16.9
16.95
16.9
16.9
17
16.95
17.05
17

Table 2 - Results for brass

Angle,
degrees
90
180
270
360
450
540
630
720
810
900
990
1080
1170
1260
1350
1440
1620
1800
1980
2160
2520
2880
3240
3600
3960

Angle
of
twist,
rad
0.025
0.051
0.076
0.101
0.127
0.152
0.177
0.203
0.228
0.253
0.279
0.304
0.329
0.355
0.38
0.405
0.456
0.507
0.557
0.608
0.709
0.811
0.912
1.013
1.115
6

Torque,
Nm
0.1
0.2
0.5
1.35
2.5
3.85
5.2
6.45
7.4
7.95
8.35
8.6
8.8
8.95
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.45
9.55
9.7
9.8
9.95
10.1
10.25
10.35

4320
4680
5400
6120
6840
7560
8280
9000
9720
10440
11160
11880
12600
13320
14040
14760
15480
16200
16920
17640
18360
19080
19800
20520
21240
22680
24120
25560
27000
28440
29880
31320
32760
34200
37080
39960
42840
45720
48600

1.216
1.317
1.52
1.723
1.925
2.128
2.331
2.534
2.736
2.939
3.142
3.344
3.547
3.75
3.952
4.155
4.358
4.56
4.763
4.966
5.168
5.371
5.574
5.776
5.979
6.385
6.79
7.195
7.601
8.006
8.411
8.817
9.222
9.627
10.438
11.249
12.06
12.87
13.681

10.5
10.55
10.75
10.95
11.1
11.4
11.6
11.85
12.05
12.2
12.4
12.55
12.75
12.9
13
13.2
13.25
13.35
13.55
13.75
13.8
13.95
14.05
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.65
14.8
15.1
15.3
15.35
15.6
15.8
15.85
16.25
16.5
16.85
17.2
17.2

3.1. Sample calculations

3.2. Graphs

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4.0 DISCUSSION

From calculations made and analysis, in theory mild steel is supposed to show the typical brittle
material fracture because it should be able to resist highest amount of shear. From the experiment, it is
proven that mild steel has the highest modulus of rigidity and shear stress among the three tested
materials in the experiment conducted. As for aluminium, the fracture is typical as it has the
characteristics of a ductile material where a smooth and clean cut can be observed because it could not
handle a great amount of torque.
From the graph obtained, the pattern is the same to the graph of stress strain graph; increase with
a slope then a curve and ended with a horizontal line. From the straight line, it shows that without
sufficient elongation, the material will be able to revert to the original length and shape; which is when
the torque is removed. If it is stretched beyond the certain length, deformation will occur and it will not
revert to its original condition even after releasing the torque. According to graph 4, different materials
showed different results and from the graph, modulus of rigidity and shear stresses are calculated. It is
clear that mild steel has the highest modulus of rigidity followed by aluminum and brass. This is
because of its ability to withstand the highest torque.
In this experiment, the theoretical value differs from the experimental value due to errors that
had occurred during the experiment. The percentage errors are calculated as below:

These errors are mainly due to human error, experimental error and zero error. However, the
impurities of the test specimen could result in the errors. Zero error in this experiment would be during
taking the reading of the torque as the meter was not digital.

11

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the modulus of rigidity and shear stresses were successfully obtained from the
data of the experiment. Mild steel has the highest modulus of rigidity compared to the other two
materials; aluminium and brass. In other words, mild steel would be able to take more torque value
before fracturing. The properties of these materials are crucial to be studied by engineering to ensure
that the designing stage would overcome fracture and failing problem before it happens during or after
construction.

REFERENCES

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