3WireSensors SLI PDF

Operation and Diagnosis of 3-Wire
Sensors
Global Service Learning & Performance Division
Overview
Correct Operation of Analog Sensors
Overview
Correct Operation of Digital Sensors
Overview
Diagnosis of Typical Sensor in a Circuit
Internal Components of an Analog Sensor
Internal Components of a Digital Sensor
Diagnosing Pressure and Temperature Sensors
Symptoms Leading to Diagnosing Sensors
Active and/or logged faults

Action lamp or other alert indicators on

Action lamp or other alert indicators on
Other performance indicators (cranks
but will not start, low power, etc.)
Inspect Electrical Connectors and

Wiring
Determine What Condition is Present
Monitor Active Diagnostic Codes

Troubleshooting With Diagnostic Codes
Always start at suspect sensor

If the code indicates a voltage high, or
open, short the signal circuit to ground

If the code indicates a voltage high, or
open, check supply voltage, then short
the signal circuit to ground
If the code indicates a voltage low, or
short, check supply voltage, then open
the signal circuit
Diagnosing Voltage Low or Short
Check for power; If OK then

Disconnect suspect sensor
Check for an active voltage high
(open) diagnostic code. Allow 15
seconds for any codes to activate.
Results
OK A voltage low code was active before

disconnecting the sensor. A voltage high code
became active after disconnecting the sensor.
Results
OK A voltage low code was active before

disconnecting the sensor. A voltage high code
became active after disconnecting the sensor.
Repair: Temporarily connect a new sensor. Check
for active diagnostic codes. If the new sensor fixes
the problem, reconnect the suspect sensor. If the
problem returns, permanently install the new sensor.
Verify that the repair eliminates the problem.
Results
Not OK There is a short in the

harness between the sensor and the
ECM or the ECM is faulty.
Results
Not OK There is a short between the

sensor and the ECM or the ECM is
faulty.
Repair: Leave the suspect sensor
disconnected
Results
Not OK There is a short between the

sensor and the ECM or the ECM is
faulty.
Repair: Leave the suspect sensor
disconnected
Create an open circuit at the ECM
Create an Open Circuit at the ECM
Remove signal wire of the suspect sensor from the

ECM
Check for active diagnostic codes
Results
OK A voltage high code (open circuit) became

active after disconnecting the signal wire.
There is a short in the wiring between the ECM and
the sensor
Repair: Inspect the wiring between the ECM and the
sensor. Repair or replace the faulty harness. Verify
that the repair eliminates the problem
Results
Not OK There is still a voltage low

diagnostic code (short)
Results
Not OK There is still a voltage low diagnostic code

(short)
Repair: Connect a test ECM. If the test ECM fixes
the problem, reconnect the suspect ECM. If the
problem returns, permanently install the new ECM.
Diagnosing Voltage High or Open
Check for power; If OK then

Disconnect suspect sensor
Create a short circuit at the harness side of the
sensor
Create a Short Circuit at the Sensor
Monitor active diagnostic code screen

Install a jumper wire between terminal C (signal)
and terminal B (sensor common) on the harness
side of the sensor connector. Wait 15 seconds for
activation of voltage low code.
Results
OK A voltage low diagnostic code (short)

is active when the jumper is installed. The
engine harness and the ECM are OK.
Repair: Temporarily connect a new sensor.
If the new sensor fixes the problem,
reconnect the suspect sensor. If the problem
returns, permanently install the new sensor.
Results
Not OK The voltage high diagnostic

code (open) remains active when the
jumper wire is installed.
Results
Not OK The voltage high diagnostic

code (open) remains active when the
jumper wire is installed.
Repair: Remove the jumper wire.
Create a short at the ECM
Creating a Short at the ECM
Install a jumper wire between the terminal for the

signal of the suspect sensor and the sensor common
at the ECM
Monitor the active code screen. Wait 15 seconds for
activation of any code.
Results
OK The ECM is operating properly. There is an

open in the wiring between the ECM and the sensor.
Repair: Inspect the wiring and connectors between
the ECM and the sensor. Repair or replace faulty
harness components. Verify that the repair
eliminates the problem.
Results
Not OK The voltage high code (open) is still active

when the jumper wire is installed.
Results
Not OK The voltage high code (open) is still active

when the jumper wire is installed.
Repair: Temporarily connect a test ECM. If the test
ECM fixes the problem, reconnect the suspect ECM.
If the problem returns, permanently install a new
ECM. Verify that the repair eliminates the problem
Invalid Signal Codes
Codes that do not indicate open or shorted state
Monitor Supply Voltage at

Sensor
Install breakout T or test probes (spoons)

Measure voltage between terminals A and B
Results
OK: Measured supply voltage is supply voltage +/.5 volt. Proceed to measure signal at harness side of
connector.
Results
OK: Measured supply voltage is supply voltage +/.5 volt. Proceed to measure signal at harness side of
connector.
Not OK: Sensor is not receiving correct voltage.
Measure voltage at ECM using breakout T or
spoons. Inspect electrical connectors and wires.
Repair or replace faulty components. Verify repair
eliminates problem
Measure Signal at Harness Side

of Sensor
With breakout installed, disconnect C terminal from

harness side of connector
Using a DMM, measure the duty cycle between B
and C at the breakout while depressing and
releasing accelerator pedal
Results
OK: Duty cycle is between 10 and 22 percent
while fully released. Duty cycle is between 75
and 90 percent while fully depressed.
Reconnect C wire. Proceed to measure
signal at ECM.
Results
Reconnect C wire. Proceed to measure
signal at ECM.
Not OK: Duty cycle is not present or out of
range. Temporarily install a new sensor. If
the new sensor eliminates the problem,
reconnect the suspect sensor. If problem
returns, permanently install a new sensor.
Verify repair eliminates the problem.
Measure Duty Cycle at Harness

Side of ECM
Use appropriate ECM breakout or

spoons at ECM connector
Using a DMM, measure duty cycle
between signal and sensor return pins
while depressing and releasing pedal
Results
Temporarily connect a test ECM. If problem
is resolved with the test ECM, reconnect
suspect ECM. If problem returns,
permanently install new ECM. Verify that the
repair eliminates the problem.
Results
OK: Duty cycle is between 10 and 22 percent while
fully released. Duty cycle is between 75 and 90
percent while fully depressed. Temporarily connect a
test ECM. If problem is resolved with the test ECM,
reconnect suspect ECM. If problem returns,
permanently install new ECM. Verify that the repair
eliminates the problem.
Not OK: Duty cycle is not present or out of range.
There is a problem with the pedal position sensor
signal wire. Repair or replace faulty wiring. Verify
that the repair eliminates the problem.
Open A Pin

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Operation and Diagnosis of 3-Wire

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Correct Operation of Analog Sensors

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Internal Components of an Analog Sensor

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Correct Operation of Digital Sensors

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Internal Components of a Digital Sensor

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Diagnosing Pressure and Temperature Sensors

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Symptoms Leading to Diagnosing Sensors

Active and/or logged faults

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Symptoms Leading to Diagnosing Sensors

Active and/or logged faults

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Symptoms Leading to Diagnosing Sensors

Active and/or logged faults

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Inspect Electrical Connectors and

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Determine What Condition is Present

Monitor Active Diagnostic Codes

Troubleshooting With Diagnostic Codes

Always start at suspect sensor

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Troubleshooting With Diagnostic Codes

Always start at suspect sensor

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Troubleshooting With Diagnostic Codes

Always start at suspect sensor

Diagnosing Voltage Low or Short

Check for power; If OK then

OK A voltage low code was active before

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

OK A voltage low code was active before

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Not OK There is a short in the

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Not OK There is a short between the

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Not OK There is a short between the

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Create an Open Circuit at the ECM

Remove signal wire of the suspect sensor from the

OK A voltage high code (open circuit) became

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Not OK There is still a voltage low

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Not OK There is still a voltage low diagnostic code

Global Service Learning & Performance Division

Diagnosing Voltage High or Open

Check for power; If OK then

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Create a Short Circuit at the Sensor

Monitor active diagnostic code screen

OK A voltage low diagnostic code (short)