Complete the passage with the correct word form.

Penang, commonly (1). (refer) to as the Pearl of

the Orient, is the second largest city and metropolitan area in Malaysia
and the eighth most (2) .. (populate). The name Penang
found its origin from a modern Malay name, Pulau Pinang, (3)
.. (mean) the island of the areca nut tree. George Town or
Georgetown, named after Britain's King George 111, is the capital of
Penang.
The history of Penang dates back to the sixteenth century when
the Portuguese (4 ) (trade) from Goa, India found a small
island when they(5 ) . (sail) far east in search of spices.
This island soon became the landmark for the traders to get fresh water
supplies from the nearby river. The traders named the place Pulo
Pinaom.
Penang was the (6) .. (nature) harbour for the Indians,
Arabians, Chinese, Dutch, Danish and French ships in the 17 th century.
In the 18th century, the spice and opium trade between the East and
West had become (7) .. (extreme) lucrative. 1he Dutch
dominated the far east spice trade and the British too needed to
establish themselves in the region. Thus, in1765 Francis Light (8)
. (instruct) by his company, Jourdain Sullivan and de Souza
to establish better trade relations in this part of the world. Francis Light
landed in Penang in July 1786 with a small group of civilians and naval
staff. On 11th August 1786, the Union Jack (9) (hoist) as
Captain Francis Light, known as the (10) .. (found) of

Penang, officially took (11) .. (possess) of the island

for the Crown.
At the end of the 19th century, rich deposits of tin from (12)
.. (neighbour) states and relentless demands of the
Industrial Revolution in Britain saw Penang (13) (enjoy)
a trade boom. This also included trading of rubber, nutmeg, clove, sugar,
coconut and pepper. Penangs (14) . (prosper) attracted
immigrants from various parts of the world, especially (15)
(this) from Europe, China and India.
In 1905 the first hydro-electric scheme in Penang was completed
and Penang got its first electric tramway in 1906. By mid-20 th century,
other modes of transport such as rickshaws, bullock carts and horsecarts gradually disappeared from the roads of Penang. By the 1930s,
Penang (16) .. (become) a busy port with ocean liners and
coastal steamers (17) .(dock) at its pier or anchoring in
the waters of the channel. Penang became an entertainment centre, with
cabarets, cinemas, amusement parks and gambling (18)
(establish).
On 8th December 1941, during the Second World War, Malaya was
invaded by the Japanese and Penang was heavily bombed. The British
fled to Singapore and Penang was under the Japanese Kempettai. Ihe
(19) . (reside) of Penang lived in fear during those days of
executions, torture and horror. On 4th September 1945, the Japanese
gave in to the British Forces. On 31st August 1957, Malaya got its (20)
(independent) and Penang became a part of its
thirteen states. Today, Penang is officially called as Negeri Pulau Pinang.