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  • Single-phase motor theory

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    pradhapd
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    The document discusses the construction and operating principle of single-phase induction motors. It describes the motor's main components - the stator, which produces a rotating magnetic field from a single-phase AC supply, and the squirrel cage rotor. It then explains the double field revolving theory, where the single-phase alternating stator flux is resolved into two equal counter-rotating components, which induce torque in opposite directions in the rotor and cause it to lag slightly behind the synchronous speed. At start, the torques cancel out, which is why single-phase motors require an external torque to start rotating.

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    double field revolving theory

    Original Title

    Single-phase Induction Motor - Double Field Revolving Theory - Electrical Machines III

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    The document discusses the construction and operating principle of single-phase induction motors. It describes the motor's main components - the stator, which produces a rotating magnetic field from a single-phase AC supply, and the squirrel cage rotor. It then explains the double field revolving theory, where the single-phase alternating stator flux is resolved into two equal counter-rotating components, which induce torque in opposite directions in the rotor and cause it to lag slightly behind the synchronous speed. At start, the torques cancel out, which is why single-phase motors require an external torque to start rotating.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    418 views4 pages

    Single-phase motor theory

    Uploaded by

    pradhapd
    The document discusses the construction and operating principle of single-phase induction motors. It describes the motor's main components - the stator, which produces a rotating magnetic field from a single-phase AC supply, and the squirrel cage rotor. It then explains the double field revolving theory, where the single-phase alternating stator flux is resolved into two equal counter-rotating components, which induce torque in opposite directions in the rotor and cause it to lag slightly behind the synchronous speed. At start, the torques cancel out, which is why single-phase motors require an external torque to start rotating.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 4

    Singlephaseinductionmotordoublefield

    revolvingtheory
    FromElectricalMachinesIII
    ConstructionofSinglePhaseInductionMotors
    Similartoad.c.motor,singlephaseinductionmotorhasbasicallytwomainparts.onerotatingandother
    stationary.Thestationarypartinsinglephaseinductionmotorsiscalledstatorwhiletherotatingpartis
    calledrotor.

    Thestatorhaslaminatedconstruction,madeupofstampings.Thestampingsareslottedonitsperipheryto
    carrythewindingcalledstatorwindingormainwinding.Thisisexcitedbyasinglephasea.c.supply.The
    laminatedconstructionkeepsironlossestominimum.Thestampingsaremadeupofmateriallikesilicon
    steelwhichminimisesthehysteresisloss.Thestatorwindingiswoundforcertaindefinitenumberofpoles
    meanswhenexcitedbysinglephasea.c.supply,statorproducesthemagneticfieldwhichcreatestheeffect
    ofcertaindefinitenumberofpoles.Thenumberofpolesforwhichstatorwindingiswound,decidesthe

    synchronousspeedofthemotor.ThesynchronousspeedisdenotedasNsandithasafixedrelationwith
    supplyfrequencyfandnumberofpolesP.Theinductionmotorneverrotateswiththesynchronousspeed
    butrotatesataspeedwhichisslightlylessthanthesynchronousspeed.
    Therotorconstructionisofsquirrelcagetype.Inthistype,rotorconsistsofuninsulatedcopperor
    aluminiumbars,placedintheslots.Thebarsarepermanentlyshortedatboththeendswiththehelpof
    conductingringscalledendrings.Theentirestructurelookslikecagehencecalledsquirrelcagerotor.
    Asthebarsarepermanentlyshortedtoeachother,theresistanceoftheentirerotorisveryverysmall.The
    airgapbetweenstatorandrotoriskeptuniformandassmallaspossible.Themainfeatureofthisrotoris
    thatitautomaticallyadjustsitselfforsamenumberofpolesasthatofthestatorwinding.
    Doublefieldrevolvingtheory
    Accordingtothistheory,anyalternatingquantitycanberesolvedintotworotatingcomponentswhich
    rotateinoppositedirectionsandeachhavingmagnitudeashalfofthemaximummagnitudeofthe
    alternatingquantity.
    Incaseofsinglephaseinductionmotors,thestatorwindingproducesanalternatingmagneticfieldhaving
    maximummagnitudeof1m.
    Accordingtodoublerevolvingfieldtheory,considerthetwocomponentsofthestatorflux,eachhaving
    magnitudehalfofmaximummagnitudeofstatorfluxi.e.(1m/2).Boththesecomponentsarerotatingin
    oppositedirectionsatthesynchronousspeedNswhichisdependentonfrequencyandstatorpoles.
    Letfisforwardcomponentrotatinginanticlockwisedirectionwhilebisthebackwardcomponent
    rotatinginclockwisedirection.Theresultantofthesetwocomponentsatanyinstantgivestheinstantaneous
    valueofthestatorfluxattheinstant.Soresultantofthesetwoistheoriginalstatorflux.

    TheFig.showsthestatorfluxanditstwocomponentsfandb.Atstartboththecomponentsareshown
    oppositetoeachotherintheFig.1(a).ThustheresultantR=0.Thisisnothingbuttheinstantaneousvalue
    ofthestatorfluxatstart.After90o,asshownintheFig.1(b),thetwocomponentsarerotatedinsucha
    waythatbotharepointinginthesamedirection.HencetheresultantRisthealgebraicsumofthe
    magnitudesofthetwocomponents.SoR=(1m/2)+(1m/2)=1m.Thisisnothingbutthe
    instantaneousvalueofthestatorfluxat=90o
    Thuscontinuousrotationofthetwocomponentsgivestheoriginalalternatingstatorflux.
    Boththecomponentsarerotatingandhencegetcutbythemotorconductors.Duetocuttingofflux,e.m.f.
    getsinducedinrotorwhichcirculatesrotorcurrent.Therotorcurrentproducesrotorflux.Thisflux
    interactswithforwardcomponentftoproduceatorqueinoneparticulardirectionsayanticlockwise
    direction.Whilerotorfluxinteractswithbackwardcomponentbtoproduceatorqueintheclockwise
    direction.Soifanticlockwisetorqueispositivethenclockwisetorqueisnegative.
    Atstartthesetwotorqueareequalinmagnitudebutoppositeindirection.Eachtorquetriestorotatethe
    rotorinitsowndirection.Thusnettorqueexperiencedbytherotoriszeroatstart.Andhencethesingle
    phaseinductionmotorsarenotselfstarting.

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