Enzymesa.

ENZYME
areRelate
biological
QUESTION
the chemical
-catalysts.
1994 structure of an enzyme
L. PETERSON/AP
to its specificity
BIOLOGY
and ca
talytic b.
activity.
Design a quantitative experiment to investigate the influence of pH
or temperature
c. Describe
on the what
activity
information
of an enzyme.
concerning the structure of an enzyme coul
d be inferred
Since
the question
from your
askedexperiment.
students to respond with both specific facts about enzy
mes and broad conceptual statements about the design of an experiment, these sta
ndards reflect both approaches. In understanding how an enzyme could be affected
by a quantitative experiment with temperature or pH, students not only had to s
tate specific features such as the three dimensional shape of an enzyme, but the
y also had to describe how to control variables in an experiment. Finally, stude
nts were expected to apply the results of their experiment to changes in the str
ucture ofbonding
Structure
__
protein
3-D
theshape/levels
and
enzyme.
catalytic
or aminoactivity
explanation
acids
of
structure
of
(and/or
structure
of enzyme
(primary,
others,
(alpha
(maximum
such
secondary,
helix,
of hydrophobic
as
4 points)
ribozyme)
teritary,interactions,
etc.)
__
van
active
dersite
Waals("groove",
forces, etc.)
"pocket") / special shape for substrate / "lock a
nd key" substrate
__
Experimental
Experiment
modifiers
induced
activation
based
design
fit
onaltered
ofenergy
theory
(maximum
enzymatic
enzymelowered
(function
shape
ofactivity
5 (cofactors,
points)
of/enzyme
initalactivators,
-choice
substrate
of inhibitors)
temperature
fit)
or pH is b
__
inding
eliminate other variables (conc., amounts, time, pH, temp in alternate e
xperiment)
__
negative
describe
uses
measure
correct
disappearance
control
experimental
enzyme-substrate
(setupof
variable
without
substrate,
pair
(temperature
enzyme
appearance
or without
or of
pH)product,
substrate)
values orheat
range
producti
on, etc.(predicted
__
report dataresults, such as loss of activity, reduced activity or no cha
nge in activity)
__
elaboration of experiment (exemplary set-up; indep, dep variables identi
fied; bonding
Inference
__
a.
b.
c.
correct
elaboration
rate
from
range
loss
no
calculation
loss
experimental
link
shifts
ofofon
activity
in
ofor
activity
activity
changes
predicted
orandesign
explanation;
implies
explanation
implies
inimplies
results
enzyme
(maximum
denaturation
slight
noof
structure
replication
tochange
why
ofchange
changes
2nopoints)
ORchange
in
(conformation
instructure
in
ofshape
enzyme
experiment,
in activity
ORstructure
explanation,
etc.)
is predict
ed)