IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 2 | Issue 12 | June 2016

ISSN (online): 2349-784X

A Stability Improvement of Power System using

by Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor and
Flexible AC Transmission System with Single
Machine Infinite Bus System
Prakash Narayan Tiwari
ME Student
Department of Power System
IES College of Engineering & Technology Bhopal M.P.

Nand Lal Shah

ME Student
Department of Power System
IASSCOM Engineering College Bhopal M.P.

Vikash Kumar
ME Student
Department of Power System
IES College of Engineering & Technology Bhopal M.P.

Kaushal Prasad Tiwari

Assistant Professor & Head of Department
Department of Electrical Engineering
BITS Engineering College, Bhopal M.P.

Kumar Prabhakar
Assistant Professor
IES College of Engineering & Technology Bhopal M.P.

Abstract
In This paper introduces comprehensive fast control characteristics and continuous compensation Flexible AC Transmission
System, FACTS devices have been investing) the, and adopted in power system engineering area. There are so many advantaging
of the using FACTS controller devices.[2] It can be increase dynamic stability of power system, loading capability of transmission
lines improves power quality as well as the system security. has led to an Increasing complexity in the study of power systems,
and also Presents the new challenges to the power system stability, and Particular, The Stability of a two-area power system Which
is the, affective FACT Flexible AC Transmission System, device capable of controlling active and reactive power flows in the
transmission line, the Series Compensator, of, SSSC and also Thyristor, Controlled Series. Capacitor in This behavior can be using,
to improve the stability of the power. System following a, disturbance. The voltage Regulation mode of shunt inverter of TCSC FACTS is investigated for the transient stability improvement of Single Machine Infinite Bus, SMIB. System. The Four control
modes, like perpendicular to the voltage or phase angle control etc. They have also discussed. With a three phase fault on single
machine infinite bus, SMIB is examined for them. Transient stability is Improvement parameters using single machine infinite bus
SMIB.
Keywords: Thyristor control series capacitor (TCSC) - flexible AC Transmission System (FACT) - Single machine infinite
bus system (SMIB), Eigen value, transient stability power transient stability
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I.

INTRODUCTION

The potential benefits of using different types of them. Controllers, for them. Efficient shunt and the. Series is the compensation.
Thus, FACTS controllers by thyristor controlled reactors, is (TCSC), the, Thyristor Controlled Series Rector (TCSR), are the and
techniques and designs has been the proposed. for the damping power oscillations, to the improve system dynamic response,
whereas the steady state and control, the main interest of the using and searchers has been the using of the controller for power
Flow control in transmission lines, usually considering, optimal scheduling strategies .the Most of the available technical
literature[5] in TCSC usually deals with steady state and dynamic control and the its applications The potential benefits of using
Flexible AC Transmission system particular, have been widely , the main value, of the power transient stability, It is a reported in
the technical literature, The transmission lines, variety of the loads and transformers[4]. However, to the. Fully understanding was
using how to highly cost efficient characteristics the key factor of the having sustained or growing oscillations is the deficiency of
the adequate system damping. Power system stabilizer is possibly the first measuring. That has been used to improve the damping
area. In the last few decades flexible ac transmission systems FACTS,[2] the. Devices have been increasing. And. the damping in
the presence of FACTS devices are stated in the power system. The Most of the above methods defined the controller designing
for damping enhancement.

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A Stability Improvement of Power System using by Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor and Flexible AC Transmission System with Single Machine Infinite Bus
System
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 12 / 012)

II. TCSC MODELLING AND BASIC CONTROL SCHEME

The (TCSC), module consists of a fixed series capacitor (FC) in the parallel with a thyristor controlled reactor (TCR).[10] The
TCR is the formed by a reactor in series with a bi-directional thyristor valve that is the fired with a phase angle , between 90 and
180 with respect to the capacitor. Voltage and the Vector diagram. the Study of the TCSC Controller Design for Power System
Stability Improvement Typically, of the principal, . This signal is the put through the. First order lags to represent in the natural
response of the device and the delay introduced by[6] The internal control loop in this paper,( X e >0).

Fig. 1: Transfer function for th e TCSC controlle

Fig. 2: model of tcsc stability analysis

Is the model. the valid for the dynamic power of stability [15]. Which are the yields, the equivalent capacitive reactance X e, of
the (TCSC) Frequency system them. Control, as the opposed to the just modeling them with a first order, lag function,.[11]. Never
the less, since the between them. Angle e, and the equivalent fundamental frequency of the. Impedance, X e is a unique-valued
function

Fig. 3: graph of transfer function of TCSC ontroller

Impedance of TCSC
A TCSC is the parallel combination of TCR and a fixed capacitor. , The TCR reactance as a function of firing angle is given by as
this variable reactance comes in parallel with the fixed capacitor [12].

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A Stability Improvement of Power System using by Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor and Flexible AC Transmission System with Single Machine Infinite Bus
System
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 12 / 012)

in For the range of 0 to 90 of , XL() start vary from actual reactance XL to infinity.[8]. This is the controlled reactor is
connected to the series rector capacitor, so that the variable capacitive reactance is possible on across the TCSC to the modify the
transmission line impedance
III. THYRISTOR CONTROLLED REACTOR
The ,bidirectional thruster controlled switch which is fired with a phase angle (),ranging, between the(90 and 180),with respect
to the voltage The overall action of the action control the linear, the reactor is to the enable the reactor to act as a controllable
acceptance, in the inductive sense, which is a function of the firing angle. However, this action is not trouble free, since TCR
achieves its fundamental frequency steady-state of the. Operating point the expense of generating harmonic distortion, is the.
Except for the condition of full conduction they first, consider the condition when no harmonic distortion is the. Generated by the
TCR, which takes place, when the Thyristor are the, gated in to the conduction, precisely at the peaks of the supply voltage. The
reactor conducts fully, and one could think of the Thyristor controller as the. Being short-circuited. Reactor contains little resistance
and the current the essentially.

Fig. 4: Thyristor controlled reactor

IV. STABILITY ANALYSIS

The system considered for the study is the.14 bus system[2]. The system is modified by adding the Automatic voltage regulators
to all generators. , The test system as seen in the fig The Steady state analysis of the system is the performed using Eigen-value
analysis available in TCSC. The obtained results show two positive,

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A Stability Improvement of Power System using by Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor and Flexible AC Transmission System with Single Machine Infinite Bus
System
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 12 / 012)

Graph. 1: Voltage profile for Transient stability

Eigen-values which are the generator the, excitation, the system is steady state unstable mode. An analysis is the generator
speeds, of power and the. voltage profile shows that, the generator 1, is the contributing the maximum
V. STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR (SVC)
The Static var systems are the applied by utilities in transmission applications for the several purposes. The primary purpose is the.
Usually for the rapid control of the voltage at the. Weak points in then the work. Installations may be at the midpoint of the
transmission, the. Generators absorbers whose outputs are varied so that, the control voltage of the electric power system[3]. The
connected to at the coupling transformer that is the connected directly to the ac bus system, whose the voltage is to be regulated.

Fig. 5: Configuration of SVC

VI. PARAMETER TUNING OF TCSC

A number of THE alternative techniques may be used for the, selection of TCSC control parameters. The most popular ones, which
are based on the linear systems theory, are phase and gain margin voltage. Techniques, the Eigen value placement based on
residues, and optimal selection of the control parameters based on the[11]. Eigen values sensitivities However, the TCSC is the,
damping effect and associated control parameters behave highly nonlinearly hence, linear techniques can the only guarantee
adequate controller operation locally.

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A Stability Improvement of Power System using by Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor and Flexible AC Transmission System with Single Machine Infinite Bus
System
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 12 / 012)

Fig. 6: Pre-fault and post-fault TCSC set point strategy

The carried out using any of the aforementioned linear techniques[1], but the control system parameters should then the adjusted
using the full time-domain simulations that the incorporate all the, system non linearitys and the limit settings, as well as consider
multiple realistic large-is turbine scenario

Graph 2: Illustration of controllability of power systems

Graph 3: Illustration of the speed of power system control

The Studies of the; power quality phenomena have emerged as the main subject in the recent years due to renewed interest in the
improving the excellence of the generation of power.[12] System As the sensitive electronic equipment continues to the proliferate,
the studies of power quality have been further emphasized[16]

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A Stability Improvement of Power System using by Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor and Flexible AC Transmission System with Single Machine Infinite Bus
System
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 12 / 012)

VII. SINGLE MACHINE INFINITE BUS SYSTEM

A single machine infinite bus system the considered for transient analysis is shown in the phase and single phase fault in
MATLAB/SIMULINK software.[7] When the SMIB is simulated it three phase fault and the LLG fault, the critical clearing time
is the noted that, the reading Then the haze control mode of the series inverter and voltage regulation mode of the shunt inverter
of SMIB is inserted in one of the lines[9]. It is clearly observed that with phase control mode of the critical- clearing time is

Fig. 7: Single machine infinite bus system SMIB

Input Signals SMIB:

The selection of the appropriate input signal is the fundamental issue in the design of the effective and robust controller. The
following are some of the. Main characteristics of a proper input sign the and input signal is the preferably to be locally measurable
The oscillation modes to the, damped should be observable in the input signal. Mode observes ability analysis can be used to
sale.[11]
VIII. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
The step change in the excitation reference voltage, the waveforms of rotor angle deviation and, speed deviation without TCSC
are shown in the graph [3]. And the. Corresponding characteristics with optimized parameters using TCSC and FACTS.

Graph 6: Rotor angle deviation with TCSC

IX. CONCLUSIONS
This paper, the power system stability improving in enhancement, of the power system by various FACTS, [15] devices is the,
presented and the discussed. The power stability of the system is compared with different FACTS devices. The performance of the
is better compared with the other devices such as, SVC, TCSC, and SMIB [4]. ,This paper provides a detailed analysis of some of
the fundamental aspects of proper TCSC[6], therefore continuity of power supply will be is the prime concern for effective and
economic operation of the power system is simulated for a step change in the reference voltage without and with optimized The
single machine infinite bus system with line impedance mode of series inverter The simulation results show the effectiveness of
the, line impedance mode on the first swing stability of the SMIB with THE, three phase fault. The single machine infinite bus
system, the-, three phase and single phase fault, the effect of phase control mode. This paper, A TCSC, and SMIB, are used to
improve power quality. The best type of FACTS used to improve [13]

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A Stability Improvement of Power System using by Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor and Flexible AC Transmission System with Single Machine Infinite Bus
System
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 12 / 012)

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