Creep Material Models

Contents - 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 CREEP MATERIAL MODELS
1.1
1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description of Creep Constitutive Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.1 Classical Viscoelasticity (Maxwell Substance) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.2 Burgers Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.3 The Two-Component Power Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.4 A Reference Creep Law for Nuclear-Waste Isolation Studies . . . . . . . . .
1.2.5 The Burgers-Creep Viscoplastic Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.6 The Power-Law Viscoplastic Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.7 The WIPP-Creep Viscoplastic Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.8 A Crushed-Salt Constitutive Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.8.1 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.8.2 Constitutive Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.8.3 Viscous Compaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.8.4 Viscous Shear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.8.5 Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Solving Creep Problems with 3DEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.2 Creep Timestep in 3DEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.3 Automatic Adjustment of the Creep Timestep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.4 Temperature Dependency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.5 Modified Damping Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Input Instructions for Creep Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4.1 3DEC Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4.2 FISH Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Properties for Creep Constitutive Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5.1 Classical Viscoelastic (Maxwell Substance) ZONE model viscous . . .
1.5.2 Burgers Model ZONE model burgers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5.3 Power Law ZONE model power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5.4 WIPP Model ZONE model wipp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5.5 Burgers-Creep Viscoplastic Model ZONE model cvisc . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5.6 Power Law Viscoplastic Model ZONE model cpow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5.7 WIPP-Creep Viscoplastic Model ZONE model pwipp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5.8 Crushed Salt Model ZONE model cwipp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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1.6

1.7

Creep Material Models

Verification and Example Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.6.1 Parallel-Plate Viscometer Classical Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6.2 Parallel-Plate Viscometer WIPP Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6.3 Cylindrical Cavity Power Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6.4 Cylindrical Cavity Viscoplastic Power Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6.5 Cylindrical Cavity WIPP Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6.6 Viscoelastic Response of the Burgers-Creep Viscoplastic Model . . . . . .
1.6.7 Viscoplastic Response of the Burgers-Creep Viscoplastic Model . . . . . .
1.6.8 Plastic Response of the WIPP-Creep Viscoplastic Model . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6.9 Compression Test with the WIPP-Creep Viscoplastic Model . . . . . . . . .
1.6.10 Creep Response of a Bedded Salt Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6.11 Compression Tests with the Crushed-Salt Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6.11.1Hydrostatic Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6.11.2Shear Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6.12 Loaded Block Burgers Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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TABLES
Table 1.1
Table 1.2
Table 1.3

Notation for the WIPP formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 11

Elastic, strength and creep properties of salt materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 88
Elastic and strength properties of non-salt materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 88

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Creep Material Models

FIGURES
Figure 1.1
Figure 1.2
Figure 1.3
Figure 1.4
Figure 1.5
Figure 1.6
Figure 1.7
Figure 1.8
Figure 1.9
Figure 1.10
Figure 1.11
Figure 1.12
Figure 1.13
Figure 1.14
Figure 1.15
Figure 1.16
Figure 1.17
Figure 1.18
Figure 1.19
Figure 1.20
Figure 1.21
Figure 1.22
Figure 1.23
Figure 1.24
Figure 1.25
Figure 1.26
Figure 1.27
Figure 1.28
Figure 1.29
Figure 1.30

Figure 1.31
Figure 1.32
Figure 1.33
Figure 1.34

Schematic of the Burgers model, with definition of variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

y-velocity history at top of block regular damping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
y-velocity history at top of block combined damping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parallel-plate viscometer showing velocity streamlines (Jaeger 1969) . . . . . .
3DEC x-velocity contours for parallel-plate viscometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Analytic x-velocity contours for parallel-plate viscometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contours of x-velocity from the 3DEC WIPP model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3DEC grid for cylindrical cavity test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radial velocity at hole edge vs time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steady-state radial velocity (u r ) vs distance from hole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steady-state radial stress (r ) and hoop stress ( ) vs distance from hole . . .
Radial and hoop stress at steady state comparison between viscoplastic solutions (lines) and viscoelastic solutions (symbols) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastic state at steady state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comparison of radial velocity at steady state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comparison of radial and hoop stress at steady state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comparison between analytical and numerical stress values Maxwell cell
Comparison between analytical and numerical strain values Maxwell cell
Comparison between analytical and numerical stress values Kelvin cell . .
Comparison between analytical and numerical strain values Kelvin cell . .
Experiment 1: Horizontal stress versus time for slow compression test . . . . .
Experiment 2: Horizontal stress versus time for rapid compression test . . . .
Experiment 3: Creep unloading after less plastic flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Experiment 4: Creep unloading after more plastic flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Experiment 5: Horizontal stress versus time for several loading excursions .
Contours of maximum shear strain increment for slow compression test . . . .
Contours of maximum shear strain increment for rapid compression test . . .
Model stratigraphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3DEC grid for bedded salt formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Material models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Room closure histories: vertical convergence at two locations (vclo and
vcloq); and horizontal convergence (hclo) at the room mid-height (xaxis units are years, and y-axis units are inches) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Numerical and analytical predictions for fractional density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Numerical and analytical predictions for fractional density for uniaxial compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Numerical and analytical predictions for fractional density for biaxial compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Histories of axial and lateral displacement for uniaxial compression . . . . . . .

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Figure 1.35
Figure 1.36
Figure 1.37
Figure 1.38

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Histories of axial and lateral displacement for biaxial compression . . . . . . . .

Vertical displacement versus time, for the Burgers model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vertical displacement versus time, for Maxwell section only active . . . . . . . .
Vertical displacement versus time, for Kelvin section only active . . . . . . . . . .

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Creep Material Models

EXAMPLES
Example 1.1
Example 1.2
Example 1.3
Example 1.4
Example 1.5
Example 1.6
Example 1.7
Example 1.8
Example 1.9
Example 1.10
Example 1.11
Example 1.12
Example 1.13
Example 1.14
Example 1.15
Example 1.16
Example 1.17
Example 1.18

Function to set Kelvin strains according to stresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

von Mises stress invariant (MISES.FIS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local damping in elastic block with imposed velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Combined damping in elastic block with imposed velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parallel plate test classical viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parallel plate test WIPP model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cylindrical cavity power law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cylindrical cavity viscoplastic power law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cylindrical cavity WIPP model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oedometer test on a Maxwell material comparison with the analytic solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oedometer test on a Kelvin material comparison with the analytic solution
Comparison of the Burgers-creep viscoplastic model and the Mohr-Coulomb
model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comparison of the viscoplastic model and the Drucker-Prager model . . . . .
Compression test using the WIPP-creep viscoplastic model . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creep response of a bedded salt formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hydrostatic compression test using the crushed-salt model . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unconfined and biaxial compression tests using the crushed-salt model . . .
Loaded block composed of the Burgers model material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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