As an educational researcher, would like to know whether high school

students perceptions about mathematical utility changed between their freshman

and senior year. Each respondent is asked the same series of questions about the
utility of mathematics in their future during their freshman and senior year. These
questions are combined to form one variable of mathematical utility; higher values
indicate higher levels of mathematical utility. Using the High School Longitudinal
Survey, please provide: a 12 APA style paragraph statement that furnishes an
answer to this question, note the relevant statistics, comment on meaningfulness,
and include your relevant SPSS output.

Paired Samples Statistics

Mean
Pair 1

T1 Scale of student's
mathematics utility
T2 Scale of student's
mathematics utility

Std. Deviation

-.0096

16021

.99040

.00782

.0059

16021

1.00682

.00795

Paired Samples Correlations

N
Pair 1

Correlation

Sig.

T1 Scale of student's
mathematics utility & T2
Scale of student's
mathematics utility

Std. Error Mean

16021

.285

.000

Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences
95% Confidence
Interval of the

Mean
Pair

T1 Scale of

student's
mathematics utility
- T2 Scale of

Std.

Std. Error

Deviation

Mean

-.0155

1.19384

Difference
Lower

.00943

Sig. (2t

df

tailed)

Upper

-.03404

.00293 -1.649 16020

.099

student's
mathematics utility

As an international development researcher, you would like to know African

Citizens perceptions about current levels of democracy. Your working hypothesis is
that a series of reforms have increased African views of the level of democracy
today. You do not have a good research design to compare attitudes before and after
the reforms, but know that leaders and development experts would like to see a
value of 6, on the scale of 110. Using the data from the 2015 Afrobarometer,
determine whether perceptions about current levels of democracy statistically differ
from a value of 6. Please provide: a 12 APA style paragraph statement that
furnishes an answer to this question, note the relevant statistics, comment on
meaningfulness and include your relevant SPSS output.

One-Sample Statistics
N
Q46a. Level of democracy:
today

46940

Mean
5.52

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

2.883

.013

One-Sample Test
Test Value = 6

95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference
t
Q46a. Level of democracy:

df

-35.924

today

Sig. (2-tailed)

46939

Mean Difference

.000

Lower

-.478

Upper
-.50

-.4

1. As an international development researcher, you have already tested

whether perceptions about the current levels of democracy differ from a
value of 6.
Given recent social change movements in North Africa, you now want to
determine whether there is a statistical difference in these perceptions
between North Africa and Southern Africa. Using the data from the 2015
Afrobarometer, please provide: a 12 APA style paragraph statement that
furnishes an answer to this question, note the relevant statistics, comment
on meaningfulness, and include your relevant SPSS output.
The United Nations definition of "North Africa" includes seven countries and
territories; Algeria, Egypt, Libya,Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, and Western Sahara.

Group Statistics
NorthAfricaSouthAfrica

Mean

Std. Deviation

Q46a. Level of democracy:

19438

5.82

2.789

.020

today

5418

4.90

3.092

.042

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances

t-test for Equality of Means

Std. Error Mean

95%
Confidence
Interval of the

Sig.
(2F

Sig.

df

Mean

Std. Error

Difference

tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper

Q46a. Level Equal

of

variances

democracy:

assumed

today

Equal
variances
not
assumed

137.492

.000 20.967

24854

.000

.920

.044

.834

1.006

19.785 8037.204

.000

.920

.047

.829

1.012