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1. A system with an input x(t) and output y(t) is described by the relation:
y(t) = t. x(t). This system is
(a) linear and time-invariant
(b) linear and time-varying
(c) non-linear & time-invariant
(d) non-linear and time-varying
[GATE 2000: 1 Mark]
Soln. Systems that are linear and time invariant are called LTI systems.
First check for linearity i.e. super position applies
Input output equation is
() = . ()
. () = . ()
. () = . ()
So, [ () + ()] = [ () + ()]
So, system is linear.
Check for time variance
If input is delayed then
( ) = ( )
If output is delayed then
( ) = ( ) ( )
Both are not equal, so system is time varying.
Alternative:
Since () is multiplied by t, the function of time, so system is time
varying.
Option (b)
2. Let (t) denote the delta function. The value of the integral
3
() ( )
2
(a) 1
(b) -1
(c) 0
(d) /2
[GATE 2001: 1 Mark]
() =
() . () = () . ()
,
() = ( )
() = () =
() () =
() () =
() =
Option (a)
3. The function x(t) is shown in the figure. Even and odd parts of unit-step
function u(t) are respectively,
x(t)
1
t
-1
1 1
(a) , ()
2 2
1 1
(b) , ()
2 2
(c) , ()
2
(d) , ()
2
()+()
()()
() = ()
1/2
1/2
- 1/2
Option (a)
=0
0
and
() = 1
1 =0
0
and
() = 1
1 =0
0
and
() = 1
(c) () = {
(d) () = {
() = {
() =
Option (d)
() =
. =
system. Then
(a) 0 () ( )
(b)
() ( )
0
(c) 0 |0 () ( )|
(d) 0 2 () ( )
[GATE 1995: 1 Mark]
Soln. For LTI System () is the impulse response find the response for
any input ()
() = () ()
= () ( )
() = < ( )
, () = () ( )
Option (a)
8. The unit impulse response of a linear time invariant system is the unit
step function u(t). For t > 0, the response of the system to an excitation
(), > 0 will be
(a)
(c) (1 )
(b) (1/) (1 )
(d) 1
[GATE 1998: 1 Mark]
Soln.
() = ()
() =
() = () >
() = ()()
() = [()] = (+)
() = (+) . = [
() = [ ]
Option (b)
Soln.
( ) ( ) = ( )
Then
( + ) ( ) = ( + ) = ( )
Option (c)
() = ( + ) + ( ) ( )
=
Due to the third term, after = the negative impulse will cancel
with first two terms
() = + = + =
=
() < ,
In the impulse response term note that future value of input i.e.
( + )
So system is not causal.
Option (a)
. .
|()| <
Given
() = () + ()
For stability
< >
. . <
&
> <
. .
>
Thus is +ve
So, () should be of the form shown in the figure.
<
= ,
Option (b)
13. Two systems with impulse responses h1(t) and h2(t) are connected in
cascade. Then the overall impulse response of the cascaded system is
given by
(a) product of h1(t) and h2(t)
(b) sum of h1(t) and h2(t)
(c) convolution of h1(t) and h2(t)
(d) subtraction of h2(t) from h1(t)
[GATE 2013: 1 Mark]
Soln. If the two systems with impulse responses () and () are
connected in cascade configuration as shown is the figure, then
() = {
() = [() ( )]
() = [
]
Given
() = , () =
We know that
() = () ()
= [
].
= .
[
]
( )
=
L Hospitals rule
= =
Answer : 45
16.The input 3 2 (), where u(t) is the unit step function, is applied to a
system with transfer function
+3
Given
() =
Find Laplace transform of ()
() =
,
() =
( + )
() = ()()
() =
( )
( + )( + )
=0
Answer : 0