Reviewing Vocabulary @ GRE High-Frequency Words @ Master Word List @ Basic Word Parts Now that you have mastered the appropriate strategies for dealing with the four basic types of questions on the Graduate Record Examination that test your verbal billy, you have the opportunity to spend some time refining your vocabulary and acquainting yourself with the fine shades of meaning that words possess, Studies show that, where the average high school graduate rec- ‘ognizes around 50,000 words, the average college grad- Late recognizes around 70,000. The increase indicates that during your four years of college you have rapidly ‘ecqulired about 20,000 new words (many of them technical terms trom a variety of disciplines), some of which may have connotations and nuances that sti escape you. The best way to develop a powerful vocabulary is to read ‘extensively and well. However, itis possible to fine-tune your vocabulary by exploring unabridged dictionaries, in which usage notes make clear the fine distinctions between related words, and by studying high-level vocab- Ulary lists, such as our 3,500-word Master Word List. ‘This chapter presents the Master Word List and a Basie Word Parts List, a chart of prefixes, roots, and suffixes that may provide you with clues to the meanings of ‘unfamiliar words. The chapter begins with the GRE. High-Frequency Word List, 933 words that have ‘occurred and reeccurted on GREs published in the 1980s and 1990s, The GRE High-Frequency Word List How many ofthe following words do you think you know? Half? Even more? First, check off those words that you recognize. Then, look up all 333 words and thelr dein tions in our Master Word List, Pay particular attention to the folowing: 1. Words you recognize but cannot use in a sentence or define. You have a feel for these words—you are on the brink of knowing them. Effort you put into master- ing these "borderine" words will pay off soon. 2, Words you thought you knevi—but didn't. See: whether any of them are defined in an unexpected way. If they are, make a special note of them. As you know from the preceding chapters, the GRE often stumps students with questions based on unfamiliar ‘meanings of familar-looking words. In the course of your undergraduate career, you have undoubtedly developed your own techniques for building your vocabulary. One familiar technique—flash cards— often is used less than effectively. Students either try to ‘oram foo much information onto a flash card or ty to cram too many flash cards into a practice session. Yyou wish to work with flash cards, ty folowing these ‘suggestions. Writing the Flash Card Be briet—but include all the information you need. On one side write the word. On the other side write a concise detiniion—two or three words ‘at mast—for each major meaning of the word you want to learn. include an antonym, too: the synonym-antonym ‘associations can help you remember both words. To fix the word in your mind, use it in a short phrase. Then write that phrase down. ‘Memorizing the Flash Card Carry a few of your flash cards with you every day. Look them over whonever you have a spare moment or two. Work in short bursts. “Try going through five flash cards at a time, shuffing through them quickly so that you can build up your rapid sight recognition of the words for the test. You want those words and their antonyms to spring to your mind instantaneously, Test your memory: don't look at the back of the card Unless you must. Go through your five cards several times a day. Then, when you have mastered two ar three of the cards and have them down pat, set those cards aside and add a couple of new ones fo your working pile, That way you will always be working with a imited ‘group, but you won't be wasting time reviewing words you already recognize on sight. ‘Never try to master a whole stack of flash cards in one long cram session. It won't work. 107‘108 Verbal Ability: Tactics, Review, a GRE High-Frequency Words Practice abate chicanery disseminate gainsay latent aberrant coagulate dissolution garruious ‘aus abeyance coda dissonance goad lethargic abscond cogent distend gouge even abstemious commensurate distil ‘granclloquent tovity admonish ‘compendium diverge gregarious log adulterate complaisant divest guileless loquacious aesthetic ‘compliant document [v1] gullible lucia aggregate conciliatory dogmatic hharangue luminous alacrity ‘condone dormant homogeneous. magnanimity alleviate ‘confound dupe hyperbole malingerer amalgamate connoisseur ebullient iconoclastic malleable ambiguous contention eclectic idolatry maverick ambivalence ‘contentious efficacy immutable mendacious ameliorate contrite effrontery impair metamorphosis anachronism ‘conundrum elegy impassive meticulous analogous: converge elicit impede misanthrope anarchy ‘convoluted. embellish impermeable mitigate anomalous craven ‘empirical imperturbable molly antipathy aunt emulate impervious morose apathy decorum endemic implacable mundane appease default enervate implicit negate apprise deference engender implode neophyte ‘approbation delineate enhance inadvertently obdurate appropriate [v.] denigrate ephemeral inchoate obsequious arduous deride ‘equanimity Incongrulty obviate artless, derivative equivocate inconsequential occlude ascetic desiccate erudite incorporate ofcious assiduous desultory esoteric indeterminate ‘onerous assuage deterrent eulogy indigence ‘opprobrium attenuate diatribe euphemism indolent oscillate audacious dichotomy exacerbate inert ostentatious austere diffidence exculpate ingenuous paragon ‘autonomous dituse exigency inherent partisan aver digression extrapolation innocuous pathological banal digo facetious insensibie paucity belie disabuse faciitate insinuate pedantic beneficent discerning fallacious insipid penchant bolster discordant fatuous insulaniy penury bombastic discredit fawning intractable perennial boorish discrepancy folictous intransigence perfidious burgeon discrete fervor inundate perfunctory burnish disingenuous fag {v] inured permeable buttress disinterested fledgling invective pervasive cacophonous disjointed flout trascible phiegmatic capricious dismiss foment irresolute piety ccastigation disparage forestall itinerary placate catalyst disparate frugality laconic plasticity caustic dissemble futile lassitude platitudeplethora propitiate rescind plummet propriety resolution porous proscribe resolve pragmatic pungent reticent preamble qualifies reverent precarious quibbie sage [x] precipitate (Ao..) quiescent salubrious precursor rarefied ‘sanction presumptuous recalcitrant satiate prevaricate recant saturate pristine recluse savor probity recondite secrete problematic refractory shard prodigal refute skeptic profound relegate solictous prohibitive reproach soporifc proliferate reprobate specious Propensity repudiate spectrum Reviewing Vocabulary 109 sporadic tractable stigma transgression sint VJ truculence stipulate vacilate stolid venerate striated veracious strut (x verbose ‘subpoena viable subside viscous substantiate vituperative supersede volatile ‘supposition warranted tacit wary tangential welter tenuous whimsical tirade zealot torpor tortuous SU CC ee ‘The 3,500:Word Master Word List begins on the follow: ing page. As a graduate student you should be familiar with the majority of trese words. You do not, however, need to memorize every word. The best way to enlarge your vocabulary is to read extensively in a variety of fields. You can, however, assess the extent of your vocabulary by exploring spe- cialized word lists such as this one, For those of you who wish to work your way through the Word list and feel the need for a plan, we recommend that you folow the procedure described below in order {o-use the lists and the exercises most profitably 1. Allot a definite time each day for the study of a list 2, Devote at least one hour to each list 3. First go through the lst looking atthe shor, simple~ looking words (seven letters at most). Mark those you don’t knew, In studying, pay particular attention to them 4. Go through the list again looking atthe longer words. Pay particular attention to words with more than one meaning and familiar looking words with unusual beguiled poor Kyle of his money. Broke, he beguied him- self during the lang hours by playing solitaire. behemoth x. huge creature; something of monstrous size or power. Sportscasters nicknamed the linebacker “The Behemoth.” beholden acy. obligated; indebted. Since | do not wish to be beholden to anyone, | cannot accept this favor. behoave v, be necessary or proper for; be incumbent upon. Because the interest of the ruler and the ruled are incompatible, it behooves the ruler to trust no one; to be suspicious of sycophants; fo permit no one to gain undue power or influence; and, above all, to use guile to Unearth plots against the throne. belabor v. explain or go over excessively or to a ridicus ous degree; assail verbally. The debate coach warned her student not to bore the audience by belaboring his, point belated sou. delayed. He apologized for his belated note Cf condolence to the widow of his friend and explaned that ne had just learned of her husband's untimely death, beleaguer v. besiege or attack; harass. The babysitter ‘was surrounded by a crowd of unmanageable brats who relentlessly beleaguered her 1m belie v. contradict, give a false impression. His coarse, hard-bitten exterior belied his innate sensitity beltle v. disparage; deprecate, Parents should not belitie their children’s early attempts at drawing, but should encourage their efforts. belicose Acs. warlike; pugnacious; naturally inclined to fight, Someone who Is spoling for a fight is by definition belicose, belligerent roy. quarrelsome. Whenever he had too uch to drink, he became belligerent and tried to pick fights with strangers. beligerence, w. bemoan v. lament: express disapproval of. The widow bemoaned the death of her beloved husband. Although critics bemoaned the serious flaws in the author's novels, ‘each year his latest book topped the best seller ist. bemused oy. confused; lost in thought; preoccupied. ull studied the garbled instructions with a bemused look on her face. benediction x. blessing. The appearance of the sun after the many rainy days was like a benedictionbenefactor x. gift giver; patron. Scrooge later became Tiny Tim's benefactor and gave him gifs. beneficent A0.. kindly; doing good. The overgenerous philanthropist had to curb hs beneficent impulses before hho gavo away all his money and loft himeoif with nothing, beneficial cy, helpful; useful. Tiny Tim's cheerful good nature had a. beneficial influence on Scrooge's once- uncharitable disposition. beneficiary x. person entitled to benefits or proceeds of an insurance policy o will. In Scrooge’s will, he made Tiny Tim his Beneficiary: everything Re left would go to young Tim, benevolent oy. generous; charitable, Mr. Fezziwig was ‘a benevolent employer who wished to make Christmas merrier for young Scrooge and his other employees, benevolence, benign pu, kindly: favorable; not malignant. Though her benign smile and gentle bearing made Miss Merple ‘seem a sweet litle old lady, in realty she was a tough minded, shrewd observer of human nature. benignity, benison nu. blessing. Let us pray that the benison of peace once more shall prevail amiong the nations of the world bent Ao. v. determined; natural talent or inclination Bent on advancing in the business world, the secre lany-heroine of Working Girl had a true bent for high finance, bequeath v. leave to someone by means of a will; hand down. In his wil, Father bequeathed his watch to Philp the bequest meant a great deal to the boy. bequest, berate _v. scold strongly. He feared she would berate him for his forgettuiness, bereavement 1. state of being deprived of something valuable or beloved. His friends gathered to console him Upon his sudden bereavement bereft aos. deprived of; lacking. The foolish gambler ‘8007 found himselt bereft of funds. berserk aov. frenzied. Angered, he went berserk and began to wreck the room, beseech v. beg; plead with, The workaholic executve's wile beseeched him to spend more time with their son, beset v. harass oF trouble; hem in. Many vexing prob- ems beset the American public school system. Sieeping Boauly’s caslie was beset on all sides by dense thickets that hid it from view. besiege v, surround with armed forces; harass. (with requests). When the bandits besieged the vilage, the vi lagers holed up in the town hall and prepared to with stand a long siege. Members of the new administration were besieged with job applications from people who had worked on the campaign. besmirch v. sol, dete. The scandalous remarks in the newspaper besmirch the reputations of every member of the society. bestial 20s. beastike; brutal; inhuman. According to legend, the werewolf was able to abandon its human shape and assume a bestial form, The Red Cross sought Reviewing Vocabulary 125 to put an end to the bestia! treatment of prisoners of wat, bestow v. confer, He wished to bestow great honors upon the hero, betoken v. signify; indicate. The wellequipped docks, tall piles of cargo containers, and numerous. vessels being loaded all betoken Oakland's importance as a por. betray _v. be unfaithful; reveal (unconsciously or unwil- ingly). The spy betrayed his country by selling miltary secrets fo the enemy. When he was taken in for ques- tioning, the tightness of his lips betrayed his lear of incriminating himself. betrayal, betroth v. become engaged to marry. The announcement that they had become betrotned surprised their friends who had not suspected any romance. betrothal, bev. large group. The movie actor was surrounded by a bevy of starlets bicameral cv. two-chambered, as a legislative body, ‘The United States Congress is a bicameral body bicker v. quarrel. The children bickered morning, noon ‘and night, exasperating their parents, biennial 0s. every two years. Seeing no need to meet mote frequently, the group held biennial meetings instead of annual ones. Plants that bear flowers biennially are known as biennials, bifurcated 20), divided into two branches; forked. With a bifurcated branch and a piece of elastic rubber, he made a crude but effective slingshot. bigotry. stubborn intolerance, Brought up in a democ- ralic atmosphere, the student was shocked by the bigotry and narrowness expressed by several of his. classmates, billows. 40. suffering from a liver complaint; peevishly ill humored. It your tummy's feeling bilous, ty Carter's Little Liver Pils for fast reli. Brilish linguistic purists regard Americanisms with a bilous eye, pouncing on ‘each supposed barbarism viciously. Dik. swindle; cheat, The con man specialized in bik- ing insurance companies. billowing 0.. swelling out in weves; surging. Standing (over the air vent, Marilyn Monroe tried vainly to cortral her billowing skits. bivouac_n. temporary encampment. While in bivouac, we spent the night in our sleeping bags under the stars. also v bizare Ac. fantastic: violently contrasting. The plot of the novel was too bizarre to be believed, blanch v, bleach; whiten, Athough age had blanched his hair, he was sill vigorous and energetic. bland oy. soothing or mild; agreeable. Jil tied a blanc tintment for her sunburn. Howaver, when Jack absent- mindedly patted her on the sunbumed shoulder, she couldn't maintain her bland persona. blancness, n. biandishv. cajole; coax with flattery. Despite all their sweet-talking, Suzi and Cher were unable to bfanaish the doorman into letting them into the hot new club.126 Verbal Ability: Tactics, Review, and Practice blandishment 1. flattery. Despite the salesperson’s blan- ishments, the customer did not buy the outfit blare loud, harsh roar or screech; dazzling blaze of light. 1 don’t know which is worse: the steady biare of a boom box deafening your ears or @ sudden blare of flashbulbs dazzling your eyes. also v. blasé Ao1, bored with pleasure or dissipation. although Beth was as thlled with the idea ofa trip to Paris as her classmates were, she tried to act supercool and blasé, fs if she'd been abroad hundreds of tmes. blasphemy. ireverence; sacrilege; cursing. In my father’s house, the Dodgers were the holest of holies: to cheer for anather team was to utter words of blasphemy. blasphemous, cv. blatant sou. extremely obvious; loudly offensive. Caught in a blatant tie, the scoundrel had only one regret: he wished that he had lied more subtly. blatancy, w. bleak Au. cold or cheerless; unikely to be favorable, The frigid, inhospitable Aleutian Islands are bleak ritary outposts. i's no wonder that soldiers assigned there have a bleak atitude toward their posting, Dighted x2y. suffering from a disease; destroyed. The extent of the blighted areas could be seen only when viewed from the air. Test biihe acy. caretree and unconcerned (pethaps foolishly so); cheerful and gay Mcawbers bine optimism that something would lum up proved unfounded, and he wound Up in debtors’ prison. Marie Antoinete's famous remark, “Let them eat cake!” epitomizes her bine ignorance of the harsh reaities endured by the common people. bloated 404. swollen oF pulted as with water or air. Her Dloated stomach came from drinking so much water. bloward . talkative boaster. After all So's talk about his big show ousiness connections led nowhere, Sally decided he was just another blowhard, bludgeon. club; heavy-headed weapon Attacked by Dr, Moriarty, Holmes used his walking stick as a blud- {goon to defend himself. “Watson,” he said. “I fear ! may have bludgeoned Moriarty 10 death bluff aov. rough but good-natured. Jack had a blif and hearty manner that belied his actual sensitvity; he never let people know how thin-skinned he really was. blu. pretense (of strength); deception: high lit. Claire thought Lard Byron's boast that he would swim the Hellespont was just a bluff: she was astounded when he dove ‘fom the high bluff into the waters below. Word List 6 Antonyms Each of the questions below consists of a word in capi- {al loters, followed by five letered words or phrases. Choose the letlered word o- phrase that is most neariy ‘opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters and wile the ltt of your choice en your answer paper 76. BAROQUE (A) polished (6) constant (©) transiormed (0) simple (E) aglow 77. BEATIFIC (A) glorious (B) dreadiul (C) theatrical (0) crooked (E) handsome 72, BELITTLE (A) cisobey (B) forget (C) magnity (©) ext (€) envy 79, BELLICOSE (A) peaceful (8) naval (C) amusing (O) piecemeal (E) errant 80, BENIGN (A) tenfold (8) peacetul(C) blessea (©) wavering (E) malignant 82. BERATE (A) grant (B) praise (C) refer (©) purchase (€) deny 83, BESTIAL (A) animaled (8) noble (C) zoological (O) clear (E) dusky 84, BIGOTRY (A) arrogance (B) approval {C) mourning (0) prompiness (E) tolerance BIZARRE (A) roomy (B) veiled (C) subdued (0) triumphant (E) normal 86. BLANCH (A) bleech (B) scatter (C) darken (©) analyze (E) subdivide 87, BLAND (A) causte (B) meager (C) soft (©) uncooked (E) helpless 88. BLASE (A) fiery (B) clever (C) intriguing {0} slim (E) ardent 89. BLEAK (A) pale (8) sudden (C) dry (D) narrow ©) cheerful B 81, BENISON (A} curse (B) bachelor (C) wedding : 90. BLITHE (A) spiritual (8) profuse (C) cheeriess ($)oray ) wageey (0) hybrid (E) comtontabie Word List? —_ blunder-canter blunder. error, The criminal capture. also v. blurt v. utter impulsively. Before she could stop him, he Dlurted out the news, bluster v. blow in heavy gusts; threaten emptily: bully, “Let the stormy winds bluster,” cried Jack, ‘we'll set sail tonight.” vill let Jack bluster: she wasn't going anywhere, no matter what he said. also w fatal blunder led to his bode _v. foreshadow: portend. The gloomy skies and the sulfurous odors from the mineral springs seemed to ‘bode evil to those who settled in the area bogus ou. counterfiet; not authentic. The police quickly found the distributors of the bogus twenty-dollar bis, bohemian a0. unconventional (in an artistic way) Gerirude Stein ran off to Paris to live an eccentric,bohemian lite with her writer friends, Oakland was not bohemiarr itwas too bourgeois, 100 middle-class. boisterous 04. violent: rough; noisy. The unruly crowd became even more boisterous when he tried to quiet them. bolster. support; reinforce. The debaters amassed file boxes full of evidence to bolster their arguments, bolt 1. door bar; fastening pin or serews; length of fabric ‘The carpenter shut the workshop door, siding the heavy ‘metal bolt into place. He sorted through his toolbox for the nuts and Bolts and nails required for the job. Before he cult into the bott of canvas, he measured how much {abric he would need, bolt v. dash or dart of. fasten (a door); gobble down. Jack ‘was set to Bolt aut the front door, but ul bolted the door. “Eat your breaklast," she said, “don't bolt your food.” bombardment n. aitack (as with missiles). The enemy bombardment demolished the town. Members of the ‘opposition party bombarded the prime minister with ques- tions about tne enemy attack 1m bombastic oy. pompous; using inflated language Pulled up with conceit, the orator spoke in such a bombastic manner that we longed to defiate him. bombast, v. ‘boon. blessing: benefit. The recent rains that filed our empty reservoirs were a b00n to the whole community. 1m boorish apy, rude; insensitive. Though Mr. Potts constantly interrupted his wife, she ignored his boorish bonavior, for she had lost hope of teaching him courtesy bouillon, clear beet soup. The cup of bouton served by the stewards was welcomed by those who had been chilled by the cold ocean breezes, bountiful acy, abundant; graciously generous. Thanks to the good harvest, we had a bountiful supply of food and we could be as bountiful as we liked in distributing food tothe needy. bourgeois aos. middle class; selfishly materia'stic; dully conventional. Technically, anyone who belongs to the middle class is bourgeois, but, given the word's conno- lations, most people resent itif you call them that bovine «nu. cowlke: placid and dull. Nothing excites Esther; even whien she won the state lottery, she slil pre- served her air of bovine calm bowdlerze v. expurgate. Alter the film editors had bowd- Jerized the language in the script, the motion picture's rating was changed {rom *R* to "PG. boycott v. refrain from buying of using. To put pressure (on grape growers to stop using pesticides that harmed the farm workers’ health, Cesar Chavez called for con- ‘sumers to boycott grapes. aso N. brackish ny. somewhat saline. He found the only wells in the area were brackish; drinking the water made him nauseous. braggadociov. boasting. He was disliked because his ‘manner was always full of braggadocio. ragga. boaster. Modest by nature, she was no braggart, preferring to let her accomplishments speak {or themselves, Tot Reviewing Vocabulary 127 brandish v. wave around: flourish. Alarmed, Doctor Watson wildly brandlsed his gun until Holmes told him to put the thing awey before he shot himself. bravado 1. swagger; assumed alr of defiance. The bravado of the young criminal disappeared when he was confronted by the victims of his brutal attack brawny, muscular strength; sturdiness. It takes brawn to become a champion weight-ifter. brawny, aos brazen nou, insolent. Her brazen contempt for authority angered the officials breach _N. breaking of contract or duty: fissure or gap. Jill sued Jack for breach of promise, claiming he had broken their engagement. The attackers found a breach in the enemy's fortifications and penetrated their lines, also v. breadth x, width; extent. We were impressed by the breadth of her knowledge. brevity \. conciseness, Brevity 's essential when you send a telegram or cablegram; you are charged for every word, brindled acy. tawny or grayish with streaks or spots. He ‘was disappointed in the liter because the puppies were brindled, he had hoped for animals of @ uniform color. bristling «ov. rising like bristles; showing ination. The dog slood there, bristiing with anger. britle Abs. easily broken; dificult. My employer's brite personality made it dificull for me to get along with her broach v. introduce: open up. Jack did not even try 10 broach the subject of religion with his in-laws. If you broach a touchy subject, the result may be a breach. brocade n. rich, figured fabric. The sofa was covered with expensive brocade. brochure N. pamphlet. This brochure of farming was issued by the Department of Agriculture. brooch. ornamental clasp. She treasured the brooch because it was an heirloom, brook v. tolerate; endure. The dean would brook no interference with his disciplinary actions. (secondary meaning) browbeat v, bully: intimidate, Bily resisted Ted's attempts to browbeat him into handing over his iunch money, browse v. graze; skim or glance at casually. "How now, brown cow, browsing in the green, green grass.” | remember lines of verse thal I carne across while brows- ing through the poetry section of the local oookstore. brunt. main impact or shock. Tom Sawyer claimed credit for painting the fence, but the brunt of the wor fell fon others. However, Tom bore the brunt of Aunt Polly's ‘complainis when the paint began to peel brusque acy. blunt; abrupt. She was offended by his brusque reply. Dbuccaneer nN. pirate. At Disneyland the Pirates of the Caribbean sing a song about their lives as bioody buccaneers.128 Verbal Ability: Tactics, Review, and Practice bucolic soy. rustic; pastoral. Filled with browsing cows land bleating sheep, the meadow was a charmingly ‘bucolic sight. buffet» table with food set out for people to serve themselves; meal at which poople help themselves to food that's been set out. (Buffet hymes with tray.) Please convey the soultlé on the tray to the buffet buffet v. slap; batter; knook about. To butfet something is fo rough it up. (Buffet chymes with Muffett) Was Miss Mutfett buffeted by the crowd on the way to the bultet tray? butfoonery n. clowning. In the Ace Ventura movies, Jim Carrey's buffocnery was hilarious: like 8020 the Clown, he's a natural buffoon. bugaboo x. bugbear; object of baseless terror. It we become frightened by such bugaboos, we are no wiser than the birds who fear scarecrows, bullion n. gold and silver in the form of bars. Much bullion is stored in the vaults at Fort Knox. bulwatk wv. earthwork or other strong defense; person who defends. The navy is our principal bulwark against bbungle_v. mismanage: blunder. Don't botch this assign- ‘ment, Bumstead: if you bungie the job. you're fired! buoyant a0y, able to float; cheerful and optimistic, When the boat capsized, her buoyant ile jacket kept Jody afloat. Scrambling back on board, she was stil in a buoyant mood, certain that despite the delay she'd win the race. buoyancy, W. bureaucracy n. overregulated administrative system ‘marked by red tape. The Internal Revenue Service is the utimate bureaucracy: taxpayers wasted so much paper filing out (RS forms that the IRS bureaucrats printed up ‘a new set of rules requiring taxpayers to comply with the Paperwork Reduction Act, bureaucratic, Aa. @ burgeon v. grow forth; send out buds. In the spring, the plants that burgeon are a promise of the bezuty that isto come, burlesque v_give an imitation thal ridicules. In Galaxy (Quest, Aian Rickman buriesques Mr. Spock of Star Trek, ‘outrageously parodying Spock's unemational manner and slif bearing, also n. m burtish_v. rake shiny by rubbing; polish. The maid burnished the brass fixtures until they reflected the lamplight ‘m buttress v. support, prop up. Just as architects buttress the walls of cathedrals with flying buttresses, debaters buttress their arguments with facts. also n. buxom 04. full-bosomed: plump; jolly. High fashion models usually are slender rather than buxom. ‘abal_N. small group of persons secretly united 0 promote their own interests. The cabal was deteated when its scheme was discovered. ‘ache w. hiding place. The detectives followed the sus- pect until ne led them to the cache where he had stored his loot. also v. 1m cacophionous 04. discordant; inharmanious. Do the students inthe orchestra enjoy the cacophonous sounds they make when they're tuning up? | don't know how they ccan stand the rackel. cacophony, cadaver x. corpse. In some states, itis legal to dissect cadavers. ccadaverous »0u. ike a corpse: pale, From his cadaver- ‘ous appearance, we could see how the disease had ravaged him cadence. rhythmic rise and fall (of words or sounds) ‘beat. Marching down the road, tne troops sang cut, fol- Jowing the cadence sel by the sergeant cage v. beg; mooch; panhandle. While his car was in the shop, Bob had to cadge a ride to work each cay. Unwiling to be @ complete mcocher, however. he offered 10 pay for the gas. ajole_v. coax; wheedle. Cher tried to cajole her father into letting her drive the family car. cajolery, x ‘calamity N disaster, misery As news of the calamity spread, ofers of relief poured in to the stricken community, calculated ao. deliberately planned; tkely. Lexy's ‘choice of clothes to wear to the debate tournament was ccarefuly calculated. Her conventional suit was calcu- lated to appeal to the conservative judges. ‘aldron w. large kettle. ‘Why, Mr Crusoe,” said the savage heating the giant caldron, "we'd love to have you for dinner!" caliber n. ability: quality. Einstein's cleaning the black- boards again? Albert, quit it! A man of your caliber shouldn't have to do such menial tasks, caligraphy x. beauttul writing: excellent penmanship. ‘As we examine ancient manuscripts, we become impressed with the caligraphy of the scribes. ‘callous soy. hardened: unfesting. He had worked in the hospital for so many years that he was callous 10 the ‘suffering in the wards. callus, callow 0s. youthful: immature: inexperienced. As a freshman, Jack was sure he was a man of the world: as ‘a sophomore, he made fun of reshmen as callow youths. In both cases, his judgment showed just how catlow he was. calorie 204. beat-producing. Coal is much more calorific than green wood, calumny nN. malicious misrepresentation; slander. He ‘could endure his financial failure, put he could not bear the calurnny that his foes heaped upon him. According to Herodotus, someone cafumniated is doubly injured, first by the parson who utters the calumny, and then by the person who believes the slander ‘camaraderie v. good-fellowship. What he loved best ‘about his job was the sense of camaradene he and his ‘coworkers shared ‘cameo N. shell or jewel carved in relief: star's special ‘appearance in a minor role in a film, Don't bother buying ‘cameos tom the street peddlers in Rome: the carvings they sell are clumsy jobs. Did you enjoy Bill Murray's cameo in Litle Shop of Horrors? He was onscreen for only a minute, but ne cracked me up.camouflage v. disguise; conceal. In order to rescue Han Solo, Princess Leia camouflaged herself in the helmet and cloak of a space bandit. also n. canard, false or unfounded story: fabricated repor, Father than becoming upset by the National Enquirer story about Tony's supposed infidelity, Tina refused to take the canard seriously. To call a lying tale a base ‘canard or a vile canard is to descend to a cliché. candor. frankness: open honesty. Jack can cary ‘candor too far: when he told Jill his honest opinion of ner, she nearly slapped his face. candid, a0. canine 0s. related to dogs; doglike, Some days the canine population of Berkeley seems almost to out- number the human population, canker. any ulcerous sore; any evil. Poverty Is a canker in the body politic: it must be cures. canny ADJ. shrowd: thrifty, The canny Scotsman was ‘more than a match for the swindlers. canon, collection or authortative list of books (e.9., by an author, or accepied as scripture). Scholars rotly debated whether the newly discovered sonnet should be accepted as part of the Shakespearean canon, Test Reviewing Vocabulary 129 canon. rule of principle, frecuently religious. “One cat astrophe, one locality, one day'—~these are Aristotle's tules for tragedy, and classic French plays strictly follow them; Shakespeare, however, disregaras all these canons. & born rebel, Kalya was constitutionally inca- able of abiding by the canons of polite society. cant, insincere expressions of piety: jargon of thieves. Shocked by news of the minister's extramarital love alas, the Worshippers dlsrrissed his tak about the sacredness of marriage as mere cant. Cant is a form ‘of hypocrisy: those who can, pray: those who cant, pretend, cantankerous Ao.. ill-humored; itvtable. Constantly complaining about his treatment and refusing to co- operate with the hospital staf, he was a cantankerous patient cantata. story set to music, to be sung by a chorus. The choral society sang the new cantata composed by its leader, canter. slow gallop. Because the racehorse had out distanced Its competition so easily, the reporter wrote that the race was wen in a canter also v. Word List 7 Synonyms Each of the questions below consists of a word in capi {al letters, followed by five letlered words o° phrases, Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly similar in meaning to the word in capital letters and wite the leer of your Choice on your answer paper. 91. BOISTEROUS (A) conticting (B) noisy (C) testimo- rial (D) grateful €) adolescent 92. BOMBASTIC (A) sensitive (3) pompous (C) rapid (0) sufficient (E) expensive 93. BOORISH (A) brave (8) oafish (C) romantic (0) speody (E) dry 94. BOUILLON (A) insight (B) chowder (C) gold (0) clear soup (E} stew 95. BRACKISH (A) careful (8) salty (C) chosen (©) tough) wer 96, BRAGGADOCIO (A) weaponry (B) boasting (C) skirmish (D) encounter (E) position 97. BRAZEN (A) shameless (8) quick (C) modes (0) pleasant (E) melodramatic 98, BRINDLED (A) equine (8) pathetic (C) hasty (0) spotted (€) mid tasting 99, BROCHURE (A) opening (B) pamphlet (C) censor (0) bureau (E) pin 100, BUCOLIC (A) diseased (8) repulsive (C) rustic (0) twinkling) cold 101. BUXOM (A) voluminous (B) ndacisive (C) con- vineing (D) plump (E) bookish 102. CACHE (A) lock (8) hiding place (C) tde (0) auto- mobie (E) grappling hook 103. CACOPHONY (A) discord (B) dance (C) applause () ype of telephone (E) cooster 104. CALLOW (A) youthful (8) holy (C) mile (D) colored (€) seated 105, CANDID (A) vague (8) outspoken (C) experienced (0) anxious (€} salow Word List8 canto-chameleon canto 1. division of a long poem. Dante's poetic master. plece The Divine Comedy is divided into cantos. catwvass _v. determine or seek opinions, votes, etc. After canvassing the sentiments of his constituents, the con ‘gressman was confident that he represented the major. ‘ty opinion of his district. also capacious 0), spacious. in the capacious areas of the railroad terminal, thousands of travelers lingered while wailing for their trains capacity wv. mental or physical abiity; role; ability to accommodate. Mike had the capaci to handle several jobs at once. In his capacity as president of SelecTronics he marketed an electronic dictionary with a capacity of 200,000 words, capillary 404. having a very fine bore. The changes in surface tension of liquids in capillary vessels is of special interest to physicists. also w.130 Verbal Ability: Tactics, Review, and Practice ‘capitulate v. surtender. The enemy was warned to capitulate or face annitilation. ‘coprice x. whim, She was an unpredictable creature acting on caprice, never taking thought of the ‘consequences, ‘m capricious 20. unpredictable; fickle. The storm was capricious: it changed course constantly. Jil was capri= cious, too: she changed boyiriends almost as often as she changed ciothes. caption 1 title: chapter heading: tex! under illustration The captions that accompany The Far Side cartoons are almost as funny a5 the pictures. also v. captious 404. fauitfinding. His criticisms were always captious and frivolous, never offering constructive suggestions, carale _n. glass water botile; decanter. With each dinner, the patron receives a carafe of red or white wine carapace 1. shell covering the back (of a turtle, crab, etc.) At the children’s 200, Richard perched on top of the giant turle’s hard carapace as the creature siowly made its way around the enclosure. ‘carat. unit of weight for precious stones: measure of fineness of goid. He gave her a diamond that weighed three carats and was mounted in an eighteen-carat gold band, carcinogeni¢ 21. causing cancer. Many supposedly harmiess substances have been revesled to be carcinogenic. cardinal 0. chief. you want to increase your word ower, he cardinal rule of vocabulary building is to read, ‘cardiologist. doctor specializing in ailments of the heart, When the pediatrician noticed Philip had a slight heart murmur, she reterred him to a cardiologist for fur- ther tests, ‘areen_v. lurch; sway ftom side to side. The taxicab Ccareened wily as it rounded the corner caricature. distortion; burlesque. The caricatures he drew always emphasized personal weaknesses of the people he butlesqued. also v. ‘arilon Ww. a set of belis capable of being played. The Carillon in the bell tower of the Coca-Cola pavilion at the New York World's Fair provided musical entertainment ‘every hour. ‘camage 1. destruction of life. The film The Killing Fields vividly depicts the carnage wreaked by Pol Pat's followers: in Cambodia ccamal_s0u. fleshly. Is the public more interested in Carnaf pieasures than in spiritual matters? Compare the umber of people who read Playboy daily to the number Of those who read the Bile every day. camivorous acs. meat-eating. The lion's a carnivorous beast; a hunk of meat makes up his feast. A cow ig not a camivore; she likes the taste of grain, not gore arousal. drunken revel, Once the beer-chugging con- tests started, the drinking got out of control, and the party degenerated into an ugly carousal carping _n. petycitcism; fal-tinding. Welcoming con- sive chicism, Lery appreciated ner edifor’s com ments, finding them free of carping, also a0 carrion. rong flesh of a dead body. Buzzards are nature's scavengers: they eat the carrion left behind by other predators. cartographer. map-maker. Though rot a protessionel cartographer, Token was able to construct a map of his fictional word cascade 1. small wateral. We were too tired to appreck ate the beauty ofthe many cascades because we had to detour around them to aveid being drenched by the torrents cascading down caste_x, one ofthe hereditary classes in Hindu society, social straification; prestige. The diferences created by caste in India musi be wiped oul if rue democracy i 10 prevail in that country wm castigaion x. punishment; severe cfitcism. Sensitive even to mild eticism, Waoit could not bear the castiga- tion that she found in certain reviews. Ben Jonson was @ highly moral playaright: in hs plays, his purpose was to ccastigate vice and hypocrisy by exposing them pubicly casual x. serious or fatal accident. The number of automotive casualties on ths holiday weekend was high ‘alacysm_n. deluge: upheaval. A cataciysm such as the French Revolution affects all countries. catacysric, ny. ‘m-catayst_s. agent that influences the pace of a chemi- ‘cal reaction while it remains unaffected and unchanged, person o° thing that causes action. Aft a banana is har- vested, certain enzymes within ts cell continue to act as a catalyst for the biachemical processes of ripening, thereby causing the banana eventually tort. n 1968 the JRA spill into two factions: the “oticials,” who advocated 4 united socialist Ireland but disavowed terrarist activi ties, and the “provisionas,” who argued that terrorism was a necessary catalyst for unification ‘atapult_n, slingshot; hurting mactine. Airplanes are sometimes launched irom battleships by catapults. also ‘alaract_n. great waterfall; eye abnormality. She gazed with awe at ihe mignty calaract known as Niagara Falls. calastropie . calamity; disaster. The 1908 San Francisco earthquake was a catastrophe that destroyed ‘most ofthe city. similar earthquake striking today could have even more catastrophic results. catcall_v. shout of disapproval; boo, Every major league Pilcher has off days during which he must ‘earn to ignore Ceatcals and angry hisses from the crowd Catechism». book tor relgious instruction; instruction by question and answer. He taught by engaging his pupils ina catechism untl they gave him the cortect answer categorical _20u, without exceptions; unqualified: absolute. Though the captain clamed he was never, Never sick at sea, he tinally quailied his categorical denial: he was "hardly ever" sick at sea. catharsis x. purging or cleansing of any passage ol the body. Arisotle maintained that tragedy created a cathar- sis by purging the soul of base concepts.cathartic. purgative, Some drugs act as laxatives when taken in small doses but act as cathartics when taken in much larger doses. also Ans catholic abu, universal; wide-ranging liberal. He was extremely catholic in his taste and read everything he could find in the brary caucus w, private meeting of members of a party to select officers or determine policy. At the opening of Congress the members of the Democratic Party held a ‘caucus to elect the majority leader of the House and the arly whip, caulk v, fo make watertight (by plugging seams). When water from the shower leaked into the basement, we knew it was time to caulk the tes at the edges of the shower stall causal acs. implying a cause-and-effect relationship. The psychologist maintained there was a causal rela tionship between the mature of one's early childhood experiences and one’s adult personality. causality, wm caustic Av. burning; sarcastically biting, The critic's ‘caustic remarks angered the hapless aciors wo were the subjects of his sarcasm, caulerze_v. bum with hot iron or caustic, n order to pre- vent infection, the doctor cauterized the wound, cavalcade 1. procession; parade. As described by Chaucer, the cavalcade of Canterbury pilgrims was a motley group. ‘cavalier acu. casual and offhand; artogant, Sensitive about having her ideas teken lightly, Marcia fot insulted by Mark's cavatier dismissal of her suggestion. cavil_ v. make trivolous abjections. | respect your sen: sible criticisms, but | dislike the way you cavil about Uunimportant details. also w, cede v. yield (tile, territory) to; surrender formally. Eventually the descendants of England's Henry Il were forced to cede their French teritaries to the King ot France. cession, n. celerly x. speed: rapidity. Harriet resented his mother’s celery in remartying within a month after his father's death, celestial anu. heavenly. She spoke of the celestial joys thal awaited virtuous souls in the hereafter. Celbate ay, abstaining from sexual intercourse; unmat- ried. Though the late Havelock Ellis wiote extensively ‘about sexuel customs and was considered an expert in such matters, recent studies maintain he was celibate throughout his life. colibacy, n. censor nN. overseer of morale: person who eliminates inappropriate matter. Soldiers disike having their mail read by a censor but understand the need for this pre- caution. also v. censorious Ao, critical. Censorious people delight in casting blame. censure v, blame; criticize, The senator was censured for ‘behavior inappropriate to a member of Congress. also n centaur 1, mythical figure, half man and half horse. | was particularly impressed by the statue of the centaurin the omen Hall of the museum, Reviewing Vocabutary 131 cemigrade aos. denoting a widely used temperature scale (basically same as Celsius), On the centigrade thermometer. the freezing point of water is zero degrees centrifugal ans, raciating: departing from the center. Many automatic drying machines remave excess mois tute from clothing by centritugat force. centrifuge n. machine that separales substances by whirling them. At the dairy, we employ a centrituge to separate cream from milk. also v centripetal 0s. tending toward the center. Does centri- petal force or the force of gravity bring arbiting bodies to the earth’s surface? centurion. Roman army officer. Because he was in command of a company of one hundred soldiers, he was called a centurion, Cerebral 404. pertaining to the brain or intellect. The con- tent of philosophical works is cerebral in nature and requires much thought. ‘cerebration x. thought. Mathematics problems some- times require much cerebration, ceremonious Aci. marked by formality. Ordinary dross ‘would be inappropriate at $0 ceremonious an affair. certitude x. certainty. Though there was no certiude of his getting the job, Lou thought he had @ good chance of being hired cessation n. stoppage. The airline's employees threat ‘ened a cessation of all work if management failed to ‘meet their demands, cease, v. cession W. yielding (something) to anather. ceding. The Batlle of Lake Erie, a major US. naval victory in the War of 1812, ensured US. contro! over Lake Erie and ruled out any territorial cession in the Northwest to Great Britain in the peace settlement, haley. warm by rubbing: make sore (by rubbing). Chilled, he chafed his hands before the fire The collar of his school uniform chated Tom's neck, but nat as much the schools strict rules chafed his spirit. also ». chatt 1. worthiess products of an endeavor. When you ‘separate the wheat from the chaff be sufe you throw out the chaff chatting soy. bantering: joking. Sometimes Chad's tip ppant, chaffing remarks annoy us. Stil, Chad's chaffing keeps us laughing, chagrin. vexation (caused by humiliation or injured pride); disappointment. Embarrassed by his parents’ shabby, working-class appearance, Doug felt their Visit to his school would bring him nothing but chagrin, A person filed with chagrin doesnt grin: he’s too moritied. chalice n. goblet; consecrated cup. In a small room adjoining the cathedral, many ornately decorated Cchalices made by the most famious European goldsmiths were on display chameleon 1. lizard thet changes color in diferent situa tions. Like the chameleon, he assumed the politcal coloration of every group he met132, Verbal Ability: Tactics, Review, and Practice Test Word List 8 Antonyms Each of the questions below consists of a word in Capital letters, followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is ‘most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capi- tal letters and write the letter of your choice on your answer paper 108, CAPAGIOUS (A) ware (B) cordial (C) curious (2) net spacious (E} not capable 107. CAPRICIOUS (A) satisfied (B) insured (C) photographic (D) scattered (E) steactast 108. CAPTIOUS (A) tolerant (B) capable (C) frivolous (©) winning (E) recollected 109, CARNAL (A) impressive (B) minute (C) spiritual (©) actual (} private 110, CARNIVOROUS (A) gloomy (8} tangential (©) productive (D) weak (E) vegetarian 111, CARPING (A) rapid (B) uncritical (C) urintellectual (0) legal (E) terse 112, CASTIGATION (A) commendation (B) patience (©) generosity (D) understatement (E) nonesty 118. CATEGORICAL (A) negative (8) onic (©) impartial () qualified (E) permanent 114, CATHOLIC (A) religious (B) pacific (C) narrow (©) weighty () funny 115. CELERITY (A) assurance (B) state (C) acerbity (©) delay (E) infamy 118, CELIBATE (A) investing (B) married (C) rered (©) commodious (E) dubious 1117, CENSURE (A) process (B) enclose (C) interest (0) praise (F) penetrate 118. CENTRIFUGAL (A) centripetal (B) ephemeral {€) lasting (0) barometric (E) algebraic 119. CESSATION (A) premium (8) gravity (©) beginsing (D) compesiton (E) apathy 120, CHAFFING (A) achieving (8) serious (©) capitalsic (D) sneezing (E) expensve Word List 9 champion-colander champion v. support miftantly. Martin Luther King, J. ‘won the Nobel Peace Prize because he championed the ‘oppressed in their struggle for equality. also v. chaotic A0y. in uttor disorder. He tied to bring order into the chaotic state of affairs. chaos, w charisma. divine gift; great popular charm or appeal Political commentators have deplored the importance ‘of a candidate's charisma in these days of television campaigning charlatan_n. quack; pretender to knowledge. When they realized that the Wizard didn't know how to get them back to Kansas, Dorothy and her friends were sure they'd been duped by a chariatan. chary ou, cautious; sparing or restrained about giving, AA prudent, thrity New Englander, DeWitt was as chary of investing money in junk bonds as he was chary of paying people unnecessary compliments, chase _v. ornament a metal surface by indenting, With his hammer, he carefully chased! an intricate design onto the surlace of the chalice. (secondary meaning) chasm 1, abyss, They could not see the bottom of the chasm, chassis _n. framework and working parls ol en auto- mobile. Examining the car after the accident, the owner \iiscovered that the body had been ruined but that the chassis was unharmed, ‘chaste 0.. pure; vrginal: modest. To ensure tha his bride ‘would stay chaste while he was off to the wars, the eu sader had her fed out wih a chastity bol. chastity, w. hasten v. correct by punishment or scolding; restrain. No matter how much a child deserves to be chastened for doing wrong, the maxim “Spare the rod and spoil the chit” never justiies physical abuse, Someone sadcer but wiser has been chastened or subdued by exper chastened aby. humbled; subdued, rebuked. After a series. of medalesome and unsuccessiu attempts at matchmaking among her friends. a chastened Emma finds her destiny in marriage to her protective neighbor George Knightiey, long her mentor and triond. chastise v. punish or scold; reprimand, Miss Watson liked nathing better than to chastise Huck for his alleged offenses, chawvinist_. blinly devoted patriot, zealous adherent of fa group or cause. A chauvinist cannot recognize any faults in his country, no matter how flagrant they may be. Likewise, @ male chauvinist cannot recognize how biesed he is in favor of his own sex, no matter how flagrant that bias may be. chawvinistic, ao check _v. stop motion; curb or restrain, Thrusting out her arm, Grandma checked Bobby's lunge at bis sister "Young man,” she said, “you'd better check your tem- per.” (secondary meaning) checkered aos. mared by changes in fortune. During his ‘checkered career he had lived in palatial mansions and in dreary boardinghouses, cherubic 201. angelic; innocentlooking, With her cheer= {ul smile and rosy cheeks, she was a particularly cheru- bic childm chicanery 9. tickery, deception. Those sneaky lawyers misrepresented what occurred, made up all sors of implausible atemative scenarios to contuse the jurors, and in goneral depended on chicanery to win the case. chide v. scold. Grandma began to chide Steven for his ving, chimerical sou. fantastically improbable: highly unrealis- tic; imaginative. As everyone expected, Ted's chimerical scheme to make a fortune by raising ermines in his back- yard proved a dismal failure. chimera, x. chisel _n, wedgelike tool for cutting. With his hammer and ‘chisot, the sculptor chipped away at the block of marble, chisel _v. swindle or cheat: cut with a chisel. That crook chiseled me out of a hundred collars when he sold me that “marble” statue he'd chiseled out of some cheap bunk of rock. chivaltous 04. courteous; faithful; brave. Chivarous: ‘behavior involves noble words and good deeds choleri¢ 0s. hot-tempored. His flushed, angry face indi cated a choleric nature. choreography w. art of representing dances in written symbols; arrangement of dances. Merce Cunningham Uses a computer in designing choreography. a software program allows him to compose arrangements of pos- sible moves and immediately view them onscreen. chortle v. chuckle with delight. When she heard that her rival had just been jailed for embezzlement, she chortled ‘with joy, She was not a nice lady. chronic a2. ong established, as a disease. The doctors were finally able to attribute his chronic headaches and nausea to traces of formaidehyce gas in his apartment. chronicle. report; record (in chronological orden). The gossip columnist was paid to chronicle the latest escapades of the socially prominent celebrities, also Ww ‘chutish ap, boorish; rude. Dismayed by his churlish manners at the patty, he girls vowed never to invite him again ciated Dy. having minute hairs. The paramecium is a ciliated, one-celled animal. cipher n nonentity; worthless person or thing. She Claimed her ex-husband was a total cjpher and won- ‘ered why she had ever married him. cipher 1. secret cade. Lacking his code book, the spy ‘was unable to decode the message sent to him in cipher. circlet x. small ring: band. This tiny citcletis very costly because itis set wth precious stones. ieuitous acu, roundabout. Because of the tratfic con- gestion on the main highways, she took a circufous route. circuit, 1 circumlocution nx. unnecessarily wordy and indirect ‘speech; evasive language. Don't beat about the bush, but just say what you want to say: I'm fed up with listen- ing to your circuracutions. ciroumseribe limit narrowly; confine or restrict; define, ‘The great lords of state tried to circumscnbe the queen's power by having her accept a set of conditions that left Reviewing Vocabulary 133, the decisive voice in all important matters to the privy council circumspect soy. prudent; cautious. Investigating betore acting, she lied always to be cizcumspect, oumvent v, outwit; baffle. In order to circumvent the enemy, we will make two preliminary attacks in other sections before starting our major campaign cistern _n. reservoir or water tank, The farmers were able to withstand the ary season by using rainwater they had stored in an underground cistern. citadel». forress. The citadel overlooked the city lke a protecting ange! cite v. quote; commend, She could cite passages in the Bible from memory. citation, n. ‘ivi A0u, having to do with citizens or the state; courte- ‘ous and polite, Although intemal Revenue Service agents are civil servants, they are not always civil 10 suspected tax evaders, clairvoyant aos., x. having foresight; fortunetetier. Cassandra's clairvoyant warning was not heeded by the Trojans. clairvoyance, w. clamber v. climb by crawling, Sre clambered over the wall clamor ws. noise, The clamor of the children at play out- side made it impossible for her to take a nap. also v. clandestine any. secret. After avoiding thoir chaperon, the lovers had a clandestine meeting, clangor w. loud, resounding noise, The blacksmith was accustomed {o the clangor of hammers on steel clapper ni. striker (tongue) of a bell. Wishing to be un: isturbed by the bel, Dale wound his scarf around the clapper to mute its striking. clarion Abu. shri, trumpetike sound. We woke to the clarion call of the bugle. claustrophobia w. fear of being locked in. His fellow classmates laughed at his claustrophobia anc otten threatened to lock him in his room, clavicle_n. collarbone. Even though he wore shoulder ‘pads, the football player broke his clavicle during a prac tice scrimmage, cleave. split or sever; cling to; remain faithful 1o. With her heavy cleaver, Julia Child can cleave a whole roast ‘duck in two, Soaked through, the soldier tugged at the uniform that cleaved annoyingly to his body. He would cleave to his post, come rain or shine. cleavage, ¥. loven, soy. cle 1. split Trying for a fresh handhold, the mountain climoer grasped the edge of a cleft in the sheer rock- face, als0 ADs Clemency _n. disposition to be lenient; mildiress. as of the weather. Why did the defense lawyer look pleased wien his case was sent to Judge Blana’s chaminers? Bland ‘was noted for her clemency to fist offenders. clichés. phrase dulled in meaning by repetition. High ‘schoo! compositions are often marred by such clichés as, “strong as an ox"184 Verbal Ability: Tactles, Review, and Practice GlenteleN. body cf customers. The rock club attracted a young, styish clentete. climactic 04. relating to the highest point. When he reached the climactic portions of the book, he could not stop reading. climax, lime. region; climate. His doctor advised him to move toa milder clime, clique. smal, exclusive group. Fitzgerald wished that he belonged to the clique of popular athletes and big men on campus who seemed to run Princeton's social life Cloister. monastery or convent. The nuns lived in the cbister. clout. great influence (especially political or social) Gatsby wondered whether he had enough clout 12 be admitted to the exclusive club. cloying 404. distasteful (because excessive): excessively ‘sweet 0° sentimental. Dislking the claying sweetness of standard wedding cakes, Jody and Tom chose a home- ‘made carrot cake for their reception. cioy, v. 'm coagulate. thicken; congeal; clot, Even alter you remove the pudding from the burner, it will continue to coagulate as it stands. coagulant, W. coalesce v. combine; use. The brooks coalesce into one large river. When minor poitical parties coalesce, their coalescence may create a major coalition. coalition. partnership; league; union. The Rainbow Coalition united people of all races in a commen cause. ‘m coda_x. concluding section of a musical or fiterary ‘composition, something that rounds out, summarizes, or ‘concludes. The piece concluded with a distinctive coda that strikingly brought togetner various motifs. Several months alter Charlie Chaplin's death, nis body was brielly kidnapped from a Swiss cemetery by a pair of bungiing thieves—a macabre coda that Chaplin right have concocted for one of his own two-realers. ‘coddle_v. treat gently: pamper. Don't codale the children 50 much they need a taste of discipline. ‘codicil. supplement to the body of a will. Miss Havisham kept her lawyers busy drawing up cadicils to her already complicated wil codlly v. arrange (laws, rules) as a code: classy. We need to take the varying rules and regulations of the dif- ‘erent health agencies and coalty them into a national health code, ‘coercion. use of force to get someone to obey. The inquisitors used both physical and psychological coer- clon to force Joan of Arc to recant her assertions thet her visions were sent by God. coerce, v. coeval Anu. living at the same time as; contemporary. Coeval with the dinosaur, the pterodactyl flourished during the Mesozoic era 09 N. tooth projecting from a wheel, & bicycle chain ‘moves through a series of cogs in order to propel the bie. @ cogent «24. convincing. It was inevitable that David cchose to go to Harvard: he had several cogent reasons for doing 0. including a ful-tuion scholarship. Katya ‘argued her case with such cogency that the jury had to decide in favor of her cient cogitate_v. think over. Cogitate on this problem; the solu tion will come, cognate 104, related lingusstically;alted by blood: simitar (or akin in nature. The English word "mother" is cognate to the Latin word “mater.” whose influence is visible in the words "maternal’ and maternity.” also n. cognitive acy. having to do with knowing or perceiving related 10 the mental processes. Though Jack was emotionally immature, his cognitive development was admirable; he was very advanced intellectually. ‘cognizance. knowledge. During the election campaign, the two candidates were kept in full cognizance of the international situation ‘cohabit ¥. live together. Many unwed couples who cohabit peacefully for years wind up fighting night and day once they marry, cohere v. stick together. Solids nave a greater tendency to cohere than liquids, cohesion w. tendency to keep together. A fm believer in the maxim *Divide and conquer,” the emperor, by lies and trickery, Sought to disrupt the cohesion of the tree nations. cohorts wi. armed band, Caesar and his Roman cohorts conquered almost all of tne known world colfure ni, hairstyle. You can make a statement with your choice of coiffure: in the ‘60's many A\tican-Americans, affirmed their racial hertage by wearing their hair in Atos, Goin v, make coins; invent or fabricate. Mints coin good money; counierieters coin fakes. Slanderers coin nasty rumors; writers. coin words. A neologism is a newly coined expression coincidence. the chance occurrence, at the same time, of hwo or more seemingly connected events. Was it ust fa coincidence that John and she had met at the market for three days running, or was he deliberately trying to seek her out? coincidental, ani colander. utensil with perforated bottom used for straining. Belore serving the spaghetti, place it in a colander to arain itTest Reviewing Vocabulary 135 Word List 9 Synonyms Each of the questions below consisis of a word in capi- tal laters, followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly similar in meaning to the word in capital letters and write the letter of your choice on your answer paper. 121. CHASTE (A) loyal (B) timid (C) curt (0) pure () outspoken 122. CHIDE (A) unite (B) fear (C) record (D) skid (€) scold 4123, CHIMERICAL (A) developing (B) brief (C) distant (0) economical (E) fantastic 124, CHOLERIC (A) musical (B) episodic (C) hotheaded (0) global (E) seasonal 125. CHURLISH (A) marine (B) economical (C) impolite (©) compact (E) young 126. CILIATED (A) foolish (B) swift (C) early (©) constructed (E) hairy 127. CIRCUITOUS (A) indirect (B) complete (©) obvious (D) aware (E) tortured 428, CITE (A) gaivanize (8) visualize (C) locate (©) quote (€) signal 29. CLANDESTINE (A) abortive (B) secret (C) tangible (0) doomed (E) approved 30. CLAUSTROPHOBIA (A) lack of confidence (8) fear of spiders (C) love of books (D) fear of ‘grammar (E) fear of closed places 181. CLEFT (A) split (B) waterfall (C) assembly (O) adherence (E) surplus 192. CLICHE (A) increase (8) vehicle (C) morale (©) platitude (E) pique 193, COERCE (A) recover (B) begin (C) force (D) hcense (E) ignore 134, COGNIZANCE (A) policy (B) knowledge (C) advance (D) omission (E) examination 185, COHERE (A) hold together (8) occur simultaneously (C) recollect (0) materialize (€) understand Word List 10 collaborate v, work together. Two writers collaborated in preparing this book. collage. work of art put together from fragments Scraps of cioth, paper doles, and old photographs al went into her collage. collate v. examine in order to verily authenticity; arrange In order. They collated the newly found manuscripts 10 determine their age collateral. security given for loan, The sum you wish to borrow is so large that it must be secured by collateral collation x, a light meal. Tea sandwiches and cookies were olferad at the cofation. colloquial 01, pertaining to conversational or common speech, informal. Some of the new cooguial reading pas: sages on standardized tests have a conversational tone intended to make them more appealing to test-takers. colloquy x. informal discussion. While @ colloquium often is @ formal seminar or conference, a colloquy traci- tionally is merely a conversational exchange. collusion x. conspiring in a fraudulent scheme. The swindlers were found guilty of coitusion, colossal sou, huge. Radio City Music Hall has a colos- sal stage. colossus v. gigantic statue. The legendary Colossus of hodes, a bronze statu of the sun god that dominated the harbor af the Greek seaport, was one of the Seven Wonders of tho Wortd comatose ov, in a coma; extremely sleepy. The long- winded orator soon had nis audience in a comatose state. collaborate-congenital combustible 0). easily burned, After the recent out break of fires in private homes, the fire commissioner ordered that all combustible materials be kept in safe containers, also x. comely ty. attractive; agreeable. | would rather have a oor and comely wife than a rich and homely one, comestible w. something fit to be eaten, The roast turkey end other comestibies, the wines, and the excellent service made this Thanksgiving dinner particularly memorable. comeuppance . rebuke; deserts After his earlier rudeness, we were delighted to seo him get his comeuppance. comity n. courtesy; cil. A spirit of comity should exist ‘among nations, commandeer_v. to draft for miliary purposes: 10 take for public use. The policeman commandeered the first car that approached and ordered the driver to go to the nearest hospital commemorative 01. remembering; honoring. The new commemorative stamp honors the late Martin Luther king, J ‘m commensurate avs, corresponding in extent, degree, amount, etc.; proportionate. By the close of Worid Wer I! ‘much progress had been made in assigning nurses rank and responsibiliies commensurate with their training and abities. Critics in the industry charged thal impos ing new meat inspection regulations without dismanting the traditional system would raise costs without bringing ‘bout a commensurate improvement in safely,136 Verbal Ability: Tactics, Review, and Practice commiserate_v, fee! or express pity or sympathy ‘or. Her friends commiserated with the widow. commodious pu. spacious and comfortable. Alter sleeping in small roadside cabins, they found the'r hotel suite commadious. communal oy, held in common; a group of people. When they were divorced, they had trouble dividing their communal property. ‘compact ¥. agreement; contract, The signers of the Mayflower Compact were establishing a form of government ‘compact ov. lightly packed: firm; brief. His short, compact body was better suited t0 wrestling than to basketball compatible aos. harmonious; in harmany with, They were compatible neighbors, never quarreling aver unimpor- tant matters. compatibilt compelling abs. overpowering; iresistible in effect. The Prosecutor presented a well-reasoned case, Dut the defense attomey’s compelling arguments for leniency won over the jury. = compendium v. brief, comprehensive summary. This text can serve as a compendium of the tremendous: ‘amount of new material being developed in this fel. compensatory any. making up for: repaying. Can a com- ensatory education program make up for the inade- {quate schooling he received in earlier years? compilation». listing of statistical information in tabular ‘oF book form. The compilation af available scholarships serves a very valuable purpose. compile v. assemble; gather; accumulate. We planned to compile a ist of he words most frequently used on the GRE. complacency w. self-satistaction; smugness. Full of com- lacency about his latest victories. he looked smugly at the row of trophies on his mantelpiece. complacent, ADs wm complaisant cv. trying to please: overy polite; obiig- ing. Fearing that the king might become enraged if his wil were tnwarted, the complaisant Parliament recog- nized Henry Vill as king of Ireland, Someone com- laisant is not smug or complacent, he yields to others, because he has an excessive need to please. complement v. complete; consummate; make perfect ‘The waiter recommended a glass of port to complement the cheese. also n. complementary 0s. serving to complete something, John's land Lexy sails are complementary. he's good at folow- ing a daily routine, wile she's great at improvising and handing emergencies. Together they make a great team, compliance. readiness to yield: conformity in fulfiling ‘requirements. Bullhoaded Bill was not noted for his easy ‘compliance to the demands of others. As an architect, however, Bill ecognized that his design for the new school had to be in compliance with the local bulging code, ‘@ compliant 04. yielding: conforming to requirements. Because Joel usually gave in and went along with what lever his friends desired. his mother worried that he might ’be too compliant complicity . involvement in a. crime; participation (Queen Mary’s marriage to Lord Darniey, her suspected ‘compicity in his murder, and her hasty marriage to the earl of Bothwell stired the Protestant lords to revolt Although Spanish complicity in the sinking of the batle- ship Maine was not proved, US. public opinion was ‘aroused and war sentiment rose. Component x. element; ingredient. | wish all the compo- nentsof my stereo system were working al the same time. comport v. bear one’s self; behave. He comported himself with great dignity composure x mental calmness. Even the lates! work crisis faled to shake her composure. ‘compound v. combine; constitute: pay interest; increase. ‘The makers of the popular cold remedy compounded a ‘nasal decongestant with an antihistamine. also v. ‘comprehensive aby. therough; inclusive. This book pro- vides a comprehensive review of verbal and math skils for the GRE. ‘compress v. squeeze or press together, make more ‘compact. Miss Watson compressed her lips in disap- proval as she noted the bedraggled stale of Huok’s| ‘clothes. On farms, rollerpackers are used in dry sea- sons to compress and pack down the sol after plowing. ‘comprise v. include; consist ol. Ifthe District of Columbia were 10 be granted statehood, the United States of America would comprise fity-one states, not just fit. ‘compromise v. adjust or settle by making mutual con- cessions; endanger the interests or reputation of ‘Sometimes the presence of a neutral third party can help adversaries compromise their differences, Unfortunately, you're not neutral Thetelore, your presence here con ‘promises our chances of reacning an agreement, also W, ‘compunction . remorse. The judge was especially severe in his sentencing because he felt thal the criminal had shown no compunctian for his heinous crime, ‘compute v. reckon, calculate. He failed to compute the Interest, so his bank balance was nol accurate. concatenate v. ink as in a chain, It is cifficult to under= sland how these events could concatenate as they did without outside assistance, concave any. hollow. The back-packers found partial shelter from the storm by huddling against the concave wall of the ci concede v. admit yield. Despite all the evidence Monica had assembled, Mark refused to concede that she was fight. conceit. vanity or sellove; whimsical idea; extra. vagani metaphor. Although Jack was smug and pufled up with conceit, he was an entertaining companion, always expressing himself in amusing conceits and witty tums of phrase. concentrie aou. having a common center. The target was made of concentric circles conception x. beginning; forming of an idea, At the first conception of the work, he wes consulted. conceive, v concerted ao. mutually agreed on; done together. All the Girl Scouts made a concerted effort to raise funds fortheir annual outing. When the movie star appeared, his fans let out a concerted sigh ‘concession Wan act of yielding, Belore they could reach an agreement, both sides had to make certain concessions. ‘@ concilatory acy. reconciling; soothing. She was stil angry despite his concilaiery words. concilate, v. ‘concise ov. brief and compact. When you define a now ‘word, be concise: the shorter the definition, the easier it Is to remember Conclave _n. private meeting. He was present at all their conclaves a8 an unofficial observer. conclusive apy. decisive; ending all debate, When the stolen books turned up in John’s locker, we finaly had conclusive evidence of the identity of the mysterious thie. concoct v. propare by combining: make up in concert How did the inventive chef ever cancact such a strange dish? concoction, w. concomitant x. that which accompanies. & decrease of ‘gastric juice secretion may be a congenital abnormality (oF a concomitant of advanced age. The word hubbub ‘emphasizes turbulent activity and concomitant din: the hubbub of Wall Street traders shouting out buy orders, for example. concord. harmony. Watching Tweediedum and Tweecledee battle, Alice wondered why the two brothers, could not manage to live in concord. concur v, agree. Did you concur with the decision of the ‘court oF did you find it untair? concurrent Abu. happening at the same time. in America, the colonists were resisting the demands of the mother ‘country; at the concurrent moment in France, the middle class was sowing the seeds of rebelion condescend v. bestow courtesies with a superior air. The king condescended to arant an audience to the friends of the condemned man. condescension, » condign 404. appropriate; deserved (almost always, in the sense of deservedly severe, as in candign punish- ‘meni, To be concemed about a possible miscarriage of justice is rational; to brood over a quity man’s just and Cconaign punishment makes no sense condiment. food seasoning; spice. Failure is the condi- ‘ment that gives success its flavor. Many condiments— cayenne pepper, hot mustard, horseradish, wasabi—are too strong for small children, who prefer a less highly spiced diet, Test Reviewing Vocabulary 137 condole v. express sympathetic sorrow. His friends gathered to condole with him over his loss. condo- lence, n. 1m condone v. overlook; forgive, give tacit approval excuse. Unlike Widow Douglass, who condoned Huck’s ‘minor offenses, Miss Watson did nothing but scold. conducive Ans. helpful: contributive, Rest and proper diet are conducive to good health conduit n. aqueduct; passageway for fluids. Water was brought to the army in the desert by an improvised ‘condi from the adjoining mountain. confidant w. trusted friend. He had no confidants with whom he could discuss his problems at home. confine v. shut in, restrict. The terrorists had confined their prisoner in @ small room. However, thay had not chained him to the wall or done anything else to confine his movements. confinement, coniscate_ v. seize; commander. The army contiscaied ail available supplies of uranium. conlagration x. great fie. In the conflagration that fol- lowed the 1906 earthquake, much of San Francisco was destroyed conflate _v. meld or fuse: confuse; combine into one. In his painting White Crucifixion, which depicts German Jews tertorzed by a Nazi mob, Chagall carflates Jewssh land Christian symbols, portraying the crucified Christ wrapped in a talith, a Jewish prayer shaw, The anthro- polagist Mahmood Mamdani maintains that terrorism is a Unique product of the moder world and should nat be conflated with Islam. confluence 1. flowing together: crowd. They built the city at the confluence of two rivers, conformity N. harmony; agreement. In conformity with our rules and regulations, | am calling a meeting of our organization, ‘m confound v. confuse: puzzle. No mystery could con- found Sherlock Holmes for long. congeal_v. freeze; coagulate. His blood congealedtin nis veins as he caw the dread monster rush toward him. congenial oy, pleasant; friendly My father loved to go cout for a meal with congenial companions congenital 40v, existing at birth, Doctors are able to cure some congenital deformities such as cleft palates by performing operations on infants, Word List 10 Each of the following questions consists of a word in capital letters, followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly similar or apposite in meaning to the word in capital letters and write the letter of your choice on your answer paper, Synonyms and Antonyms 496. COLLATION (A) furor (B) emphasis (C) distillery (0) spree (E) lunch 187. COLLOQUIAL (A) burnt (8) polished (C) poltical (0) gited (€) problematic 498. COLLOQUY (A) dialect (B) diversion (©) announcement (0) discussion (€) expansion138 Verbal Ability: Tactics, Review, and Practice 138, COMATOSE (A) cozy (B) restrained (C) alert (D) dumb (E) grin 140, COMBUSTIBLE (A) flammable (B) industrious (C) waterproof (0) specific (E) plastic 441, COMELY (A) yielding (B) unattractive (C) extremely sleepy (D) equal in extent (E} roving 142, COMMIISERATE (A) communicate (B) expand (©) repay (0) diminish (E) sympathize 143, COMMODIOUS (A) numerous (8) yielding (©) leisurely (D) limited (E) expensive 144. COMPLIANT (A) numerous (B) veracious (C) soft (O) adamant (E) livid 445, CONCILIATE (A) defend (B) activate (C) integrate (©) quarrel (©) react 446, CONCOCT (A) thrive (B) wonder (C) intrude (©) drink (E) invent 147, CONDONE (A) build (B) evaluate (C} pierce (0) inturiate (E) overlook 148, CONFISCATE (A) discuss (B) discover (C) seize (O) exist (©) convey 149, CONFORMITY (A) agreement (B) ambition (C) confinement (D) pride (E) restraint 150, CONGENITAL (A) sight (B) obscure (0) thorough (@)existing at bith (E) classified Word List 11 conglomeration‘. mass of material sticking together. In such a conglomeration of miscellaneous statistics, twas impossible to find a single area of analyss. congruence _N. correspondence of parts; harmonious rela: tionship. The student demonstrated the congruence of the ‘two triangles by using the hypotenuse-eg theorem. ‘congruent 40u. in agreement; corresponding. In formu lating a hypothesis, we must keep it congruent with what we know of the real world; it cannot disagree with our experience. conifer. pine tree; cone-bearing tree. According to geol- ogists, the contr were the fis! plants to bear lowers, conjecture v. infer on the basis of insufficient data: sur- mise; guess. in the ebsence of any eyewitness reports, we can onty conjecture what happened in the locked room on the night of the 13th. Would il be a reasonable conjecture to decide that the previous sentence is an excerpt from a mystery novel? ‘conjugal 20, pertaining to marriage. Their dreams of conjugal bliss were sheltered as scon as their tempera mens clashed ‘conjure _v. summon a devi, practice mage; imagine or invent. Sorcerers conjure devis to appear. Magicians conjure white rabbits out of hats. Political candidates con- jure up images of reformed cities and a world at peace, ‘connivance. pretense of ignorance of something lwrong; assistance; permission to olfend. With the con: nivance of his friends, he plotted to embarrass the teacher. connive, v ‘m connoisseur w. person competent to act as a judge of art, elc.; 2 lover of an art. Bernard Berenson, the American art critic and connoisseur of Italian art, was hired by wealthy art lovers to select paintings for their collections, connotation n. suggested or implied meaning of an ‘expression. Foreigners frequently are unaware of the connotations of the words they use. Connubial A. pertaining to marriage or the matrimonial sate. Inhis telegram, he wished the newlyweds a lifetime (of connubial Biss, Consanguinity 5. kinship, Wanting to be rid of yat anoth= fe vile, Henry Vill sought a divorce on the grounds of conglomeration-countermand consanguinity, claiming their blood relationship was improperly close conscientious by. scrupulous; carelul. A conscientious editor, she checked every definition for its accuracy. conscript N, draflee: person forced into military service Did Rambo volunteer to fight in Vietnam, or was he @ conscript, drafted against his wil? also. consecrate v. dedicate; sancily. In 1808, Napoleon forced Pope Pius VI to come to Paris to consecratehim as emper- (or, only to humiliate Pius at the last minute by taking the crown Irom the pope's hands and crowning hist consensus 1. general agreement, opinion reached by a group as a whole. Lelly Cottin Pogrebin argues thal athough the ullra-ight would like us to believe that fam: ilies disintegrate because of secular education and sex al liberation, the consensus of Americans is that what tears families apart is unemployment, inflation, and finan- lal worries, consequential 23. pompous: self-mportant. Convinced Cofhis own importance, the actor strutted about the dress- ing room with a cansequental air conservatory. school ofthe fine arts (especially music or drama). A gilted violinist, Marya was selected to study at the conservatory. consign v. deliver officially: entrust set apart. The court consigned the child to her paternal grandmother's care, consignment, . consistency 1. absence of contradictions: dependability: Uniformity: degree of thickness. Holmes judged oud dings and explanations on their consisiency he liked his puddings without lumps and his explanations without improbabiltes. console_v. lessen sadness or disappointment: give com- fort When her father died, Marius did his best to console Cosette. consolation, consoldation 1. unification; process of becoming firmer or stronger. The recent consolidation of several small air- lines into one major company has left observers of the industry wondering whether room sill exists forthe “ite uy" in aviation. consolidate, v ‘consonance N. harmony; agreement. Her agitation seemed oul of consonance with her usual calm. The1815 so-called “Holy Alliance’ of the emperors of Russia and Austria and the king of Prussia accomplished noth ing, since it was merely a vague agreement that the sov- fereigns would conduct themselves in consonance with Christian principles. consort. v, associate with, We frequently judge people by the company with whom they consort consort x. husband or wife, The search for a consort for the young Queen Vicloria ended happily, conspiracy. treacherous plot. Brutus and Cassius Joined in the conspiracy to kill ulus Caesar. Constituent 1. supporter. The congressman received hundreds of letlers from angry constituents after the Equal Rights Amendment failed to pass, constraint. compulsion; repression of feelings. There was a feeling of constraint in the room because no one dared to criticize the speaker. constiain, v. construe v. explain; interpret. If | construe your remarks correctly, you disagree with the theory already advanced consummate Ao). wholly without flaw; supremely skilled complete and utler. Free of her father’s autocratic rule, safely married to the man she loved, Elizabeth Barceit Browning felt consummate happiness. Da Vinci depicted inhis drawings, wth scientiic precision and consummate artistry, subjects ranging from flying machines to intricate anatomical studies of peopie. animals, and plants. There is no one as boring as Boris, he is a consummate bore contagion. infection, Fearing contagion, they took drasiic steps to prevent the spread of the disease. contaminate _v. pollute, The sewage system of the city so Contaminated the water that swimming was forbidden, contempt x. scorn; disdain. The heavyweight boxer looked on ordinary people with contempt, scorning them as weaklings who couldn't hurt a fly We thought it was Contemptibte of him to be contemptuous of people for being weak. contend v. struggle: compete: assert eamestly. In Revolt of the Black Athiote, sociologist Harry Edwards contends that young black athletes have been exploited by some college recruiters. contention, w. ‘contentions. claim; thesis. It's our contention that, if you folow our tactics, you will boost your score on the GRE. contend, v. 1 contentious any. quarrelsome. Disagreeing violently with the referees’ ruling, the coach became so con- tentious that the referees threw hin out of the gare. conlest_v, dispute. The defeated candidate attempted to contest the election results, context x. writings preceding and following the passage quoted. Because these lines are taken out of context, they do not convey the message the author intended. contiguous bs, adjacent to; touching upon. The two countries are contiguous for a few mies; then they are separated by the gulf, continence. sel-restraint; sexual chastity. Al the con- vent, Connie vowed to lead a life of continence. The question was. could Connie be content with always being continent? Reviewing Vocabulary 139 contingent aos. dependent on; conditional. Cher's father informed her that any increase in her allowance was con- tingent on the quality of her final grades. contingency, v Contingent 1. group that makes up part of a gathering, ‘The New York contingent of delegates at the Democratic National Convention was a boisterous, sometimes rowdy lot contortions ni. twistings: distortions, As the effects of the ‘opiate wore away, the cantortions of the patient became more violent and demonstrated how much pain she was enduring. contraband . illegal wade; smuggling; smuggled goods. The Coast Guard tries to prevent contraband in USS. waters, also anv. contravene v. contradict; oppose: infringe on or trans- gress, Mr. Barrett did not expect his trail daughter Elizabeth to contravene his will by eloping with Robert Browning contrite ADs. penitent, Her contrite tears did not inf lence the judge when he imposed sentence. contrition, contrived A2y, forced; artificial; not spontaneous. Feeling il at ease with his new in-laws, James made a few con rived attempts at conversation and then retreated into silence. controvert_v. oppose with arguments; attempt to refute; coniradict, The witness's testimony was co clear and her reputation for honesty so well established thet the detense attorney decided it was wiser to make no allempt to controvert what she said contumacious as. d'sobedient: resisting authority. The Ccontumacious mob shouted defiantly at the police, con- tumacy, x contusion, bruise, Black and blue after her fall, Sue was treated for contusions and abrasions. conundrum ~. ride: dificult problem. During the long car fide, she invented conundrums to entertain the children comene v. assemble, Because much needed legisiation| had to be enacted, the governor ordered the legisiature to convene in special session by January 15. convention. social or moral custom: established prac- tice. Flying in the face of convention. George Sand (Amandine Dudevant) shocked her contemporaries by taking lovers and wearing men’s clothes. ‘conventional Dv. ordinary; typical. His conventional upbringing left him wholly unprepared for his wite’s eccentric family ‘m converge _v. approach; tend to meet; come together. Atrican-American men from all over the United States converged on Washington to take part in the historic Million Man Maren. convergence, 1 conversant abu, familiar with. In this age of specializa- tion, someone reasonably conversant with modern French literature may be wholly unacquainted with the novels of Latin America and Spain, comerse 1. opposite. The inevitable converse of peace is not war but annihilation140 Verbal Ability: Tactics, Review, and Practice convert. one who has adopted a ditterent religion or pinion. On his trip to Jaoaan, though the president spoke al length about the meris of American aulomobiles, ne made few converts to his boliefs. also v. comex 204, curving outward. She polished the convex lens of ner telescope. ‘conveyance 1, vehicle; ransfer. During the transit strike, commuters used various kinds of conveyances conviction. judgment that someone is guity of a crime: strongly held belief. Even her conviction for murder did not shake Lord Peter's conviction that Harriet was inno- cent of the crime. convivial _A0u, festive; gay; characterized by jovialty. The convivial celebraiors af the victory sang their collage songs. convoke v. call tagether. Congress was convoked at the outbreak of the emergency convocation, n. ‘m convoluted acu. coiled around; involved: intricate. His argument was so convoluted that few of us coud follow itinteligenty copious 0s. plentiful. She had copious reasons for rejecting the proposal coquette w. flrt, Because she refused to give hm an answor to his proposal of marriage, he called her @ coquette. also v cordial nos. gracious; heartfelt, Our hosts greeted us at the alport with a cordial weleome and a hearty hug cordon w. extended line of men oF fortifications to pre- vent access or egress. The police cordon was so tight that the criminals could not leave the area. also v. comice Xi. projecting moiding on building (usually above columns}. Because the stones forming the cornice had been loosened by the storms, the police closed the building untl repairs could be made. comucopia 1. horn overflowing with fruit and grain: sym- bol of abundance, The encyclopedia salesman claimed the new edition was a veritable cormucopia of informa- tion, an inexhaustible source of knoweedge for the entire family Test corollary. consequence; accompaniment. Brotherly love is a complex emation, with sibling rivalry its natural coralary. corporeal 0,. bodily; material. The doctor had no patience with spiritual matters: his job was to altend to his patients’ corporeal problems, not to minister to their souls corpulent acy. very fat. The carpulent man resolved to reduce. coroulence, n. correlation 1. mutual relationship. He sought to determine the correlation thal existed between ability in algebra and billy 10 interpret reading exercises. correlate, V. corroborate v. confirm; support, Though Huck was quite uilling to corroborate Tom's story, Aunt Polly knew better than to believe either of them, corrode v. destroy by chemical action. The girders ‘supporting the bridge corroded so gradually that no one suspected any danger until the bridge suddenly col lapsed. corrosion, corrosive Ao. eating away by chemicals or disease ‘Slainloss steel is able to withstand the effects of corro- ‘sive chemicals. corrugated Apu. wrinkled; ridged. Crack open the rough shell of the walnut and you will find within ita ridged and cornigated edible seed or nut. ‘cosmic A0u. pertaining to the universe: vast. Cosmic rays derive their name from the fact that they bombard the earth's atmosphere from outer space. cosmos, N coterie _n. group that meets socially; select circle. After his book had been published, he was invited to join the rary coterie that tunched daily atthe hotel ‘countenance v. approve; tolerate. Miss Manners refused to countenance such rude behavior on their part, ‘countenance x. face. When José saw his newborn daughter, a proud smile spread across his countenance, ‘countermand v. cancel, revoke. The general counter _manded the orders issued in his absence. Word List 11 Synonyms Each of the questions below consists of a word in capi tal letters, folowed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that 's most nearly simiar in meaning to the word in capital etters and write the letter of your choice on your answer paper. 151. CONJECTURE (A) magie (B) guess (C) position (0) form (©) place 152, CONNOISSEUR (A) gourmand (B) lover of art (C) humidor (D) dolinquont (E} intorproter 4153. CONSANGUINITY (A) kinship (B) friendship (C) bloodletting (0) reliet (E) understanding 194, CONSENSUS (A) general agreement (6) project, (C) insignificance (D) sheaf (E) crevice 185, CONSTRUE (A) explain (B) promote (C) reserve (D) erect (E) block 186, CONTAMINATE (A) arrest (B) prepare (C) pollute (D) beam (E) inform 187. CONTENTIOUS (A) squealing (B) surprising (C) quarrelsome (D) smug (E) creative 188. CONTINENCE (A) humanity (8) research {C) embryology (D) bodies of land (E) selfrestraint 159. CONTRABAND (A) purpose (B) rogue {C) rascality (0) dificuty (E) smuggling160, CONTRITE (A) smart (8) penitent (C) est (O) recognized (€) perspiring 161. CONTROVERT (A) turn over (B) contaadict {C) mind (O) explain (E) swing 162. CONVENE (A) propose (B) restore (C) question (©) gather (€) motivate Reviewing Vocabulary 141 163. CONVERSANT (A) ignorant (B) speaking (C) incorporated (0) famiiar(E) pedantic 164, COPIOUS (A) plentiful (B) cheating {C) ishonorable (D) adventurous (E) inspired 165, CORPULENT (A) regenerate (8) obese: (C) aitferent (0) hungry (E) bloody Word List 12 Counterpart 1. a thing that completes another; things very much alike. Nght and day are counterparts coup». highly successful action or sudden allack. AS the news of his coup spread throughout Wall Street, his Fellow brokers dropped by to congratulate him. couple v. join: unite. The Flying Karamazovs couple ‘expert juggling and amateur joking in their nightetub act, courier x messenger. The publisher sent a special courier to pick up the manuscript. covenant 1. agreement, We must comply with the terms of the covenant covert acy. secret; hidden; implied. Investigations of the Central Inteligence Agency and other secret service net- works reveal thal such covert operations can get out of control covetous Ans, avaricious; eagerly desirous of. The poor rman wants many things; the covetous man, all. During the Civil War, the Confederates cast covetous eyes on California, hoping to seize ports lor orivateers, as weil as geld and silver to replenish the South's sagging treasury covet, v. cow. v. terrarize, intimidate. The ile boy was so cowed by the hulking bully that he gave up his lunch money without a word of protest. cower _v. shrink quivering. as from fear. The frightened child covered in the comer of the room coy Adu. shy; modest; coquettish. Reluctant to commit herself so early in the gamne, Kay was coyin her answers to Ken's offer, coten_v. cheat; hoodwink: swindle. He was the kind of individual who would cozen his friends in a cheap card game but remain eminently ethical in all his business dealings. ‘rabbed anv. sour; peevish. The children avoided the crabbed oid man because he scolded them when they made nose. crass A0v. very unrefined; grossly insensible. The film critic deplored the crass commercialism of moviemakers who abandon artiste standards in order to make a quick buck mcraven ans. cowardly. Lillan's craven relusal to oin the protest was erticized by her comrades, who had expected her to be brave enough to stand up for her betiets credence n. belief. Do not place any credence in his promises. counterpart-decelerate credo. creed. Just two months betore his death, as he talked about life wih some friends, the writer Jack London proclaimed his credo: “The proper function of rman i 10 lve, not to exist. | shall not waste my days in trying to prolong them. | shall use my time." credulity. belief on sight evidence: guilty; naivets Con artists take advantage of the credulity of inoxper enced investors to swindle them cut of their savings. ccrediulous, Ao ‘creed. system of religious or ethical belle! | nave a {dream that one day this nation wil rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed “We hod these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal."(Martin Luther King, J.) crescendo. increase in the volume or intensity, as in a musical passage; climax. The overture suddenly ‘changed irom a quiet pastoral theme to a crescendo lea- turing blaring trumpets and clasting cymbals. crestialen aps. dejected; dispirited. We were eurprised at his reaction to the failure of his project: instead of being crestfain, he was busily engaged in planning new actvilies crevice. crack; fissure. The mountain climbers found {ootholds in the tiny crevices in the mountainside. cringe _v. shrink back, as if in fear, The dog cxnged, ‘expecting a blow, criteria Ww. FL. slandards used in judging. What criteria did you use when you selected this essay as the prize winner? enterian, sts, ‘rone x, hag. The toothless crone frightened us when she smiled. crotchety ani. eccentric: whimsical. Although he was feputed 10 be & crotchety ald gentleman, | found his ideas substantially sound and sensible ‘crux. essential or main point, This is the orux of the ‘entire problem: everything centers on its being resolved, ‘crucial, aa, erypt N. secret recess or vault usually used for burial, Until recently only bodies of rulers and leading states- ‘men were interred in this crypt. cryptic Ay. mysterious; hidden; secret. Thoroughly battled by Holmes's cryptic remarks, Watson wondered whether Holmes was intentionally concealing his thoughts about the crime.142 Verbal Ability: Tactics, Review, and Practice Cubicle». small chamber used for sleeping, Alter her many houts of intensive study in the library, she retired to her cubicle. ‘cuisine. style of cooking. French cuisineis noted for its se of sauces and wines. culinary «24. relating to cooking. Many chefs attribute their culinary success to the wise use of spices. cull v, pick out; reject. Every month the farmer culls the rnontaying hens ftom his flock and sells ther to the local butcher. also ‘culmination x. attainment of highest point. His inaugura- tion as President of the United States marked the culm pation of his political career. culpable Aci. deserving blame. Corrupt politicians who condone the activities of the gamblers are equally culpabe. culvert. artificial channel for water. If we build a culvert under the road at this point, we will educe the possibilty Of the road's being flooded during the rainy season, cumbersome by, heavy; hard to manage. Sho was bur- dened with cumbersome parcels. cumulative 40), growing by addition Vocabulary- buliding is a cumulative process: 8s you go through your flash cards, you will add new words to your vocabulary, ‘one by one. ‘cupidily N. greed. The deleated people couid not satisty the cupiaity of the conquerors, who demanded exces- sive tribute. ‘curators. superintendent; manager. The members of the board of trustees of the museum expected the new curator to plan events and exhibits that would make the museum more popular. ‘curmudgeon N. churlsh, miserly individual. Although many regarded him as a curmudgeon, a tew ot us were aware of the many kindnesses and acts of charity that he secretly performed. cursive c¥. flowing, running. In normal writing we run ‘our letters together in cursive form; in printing, we sepa- rate the letters, ‘cursory Abs casual; hastily done. Because a cursory ‘examination ofthe ruins indicates the possibilty of arson, we believe the insurance agency should undertake a more extensive investigation of the fire's cause. ‘urtail_v. shorten; reduce. When Eiton asked Cher for a date, she said she was really sorry she couldnt go out with him, but her dad had ordered her to curtail her social life, gynical Abs. skeptical or distrustful of human motives. Cynical from birth, Sidney was suspicious wherever anyone gave him a gift "with no strings attached,” cynic, cynicism, n, ‘gynosure x, objoct of general attention. As soon as the movie star entered the room, she became the cynosure of all eyes dabble v. work at in a nanserious fashion; splash ‘around. The amateur painter dabbled al art, but seldom produced a finished piece. The chidien dabbied their hhands in the bird bath, splashing cne anether gleetuly dais raised platorn for quests of honor. When sho approached the dais, she was greeted by cheers from the people who had come to honor her daly title wih; procrastinate. Laertes told Ophelia that Hamlet would oniy dey with her affections. amp _v. lessen in intensity; diminish: mute. Not even the taunts of his brother, who considered ballet no proper pursuit for alad, could damp Bily Eliots enthusiasm for dancing dank 103, damp. The walls of the dungeon were dank and sly. dapper 204. neat and trim, In The Odd Couple, Tony Randall played Felix Unger, an excessively dapper soul who could not sland to have a hair out of place dappled £03. spotted. The sunlight fitering through the scteens created a dappled eftect on the wall daub v. smear (2s with paint). From the way he daubed his peint on the canvas, | could tell he knew nothing of oils. also n 1 Gaunt v. intimidate: fighton, "Boast all you like of your prowess. Mere words cannot daunt me," the hero answered the vilain daunless an. bold. Despite the dangerous nature ofthe undertaking, the dauriless soldier volunteered for the assignment. awdle_v. iter; waste time. We have to meet a dead- line. Don't dave just get down to work deadlock n. stands; stalerrate, Because negotiations had reached a deadlock, some of the dlegates had bbogun to mutter about breaking off the talks. also v Geadpen a0, wooden, impassive, We wanted to see how long he could maintain his deadpan expression. dearth. scarcity. The dearth of skited labor compelled the empioyers to open trade schools debacle x. sudden downtalt; complete disaster. In the Arplane movies, every Tight turns into a debacle, with passengers and crew members collapsing, engines falling apart, and carry-on baggage popping aut of the overhead bins, debase_v. reduce the quality or value; lower in esteem: degrade. In The King and |. Anna refuses to kneel down and prostate hersof before the king, she feels that to do 0 would debase her postion, and she will not submit 10 such debasement debauch v. corrupt; sec.ice trom virtue. Did Socrates’ tecctings lead the young men of Athens to be Wituous citizens, or did they debauch the young men, causing them to question the customs of their fathers? Clearly, Sosrales’ philosophical talks were nothing like the wild ‘debauchery ofthe toga parties in Anima House, deblitatev. weaken; enfeoble, Michact's severe bout of the flu debited him so much that he was oo tied to go to work for a week debonair ov. urbane and suave: amiable; cheerful and carelree. Reporters frequenlly describe polished and charrring leading mer—Cary Grant or Pierce Brosnan, for example—as debonairdebris rubble. A full year after the earthquake in Mexico City, workers were sill cafting away the debris, debunk v. expose as false, exaggerated, worthless, etc.; ridicule. Pointing out that he consistently had voted against strengthening antipollution legislation, reporters debunked the candidate's claim that he was a fervent environmentalist debutante x. young woman making formal entrance into sociely. As a debutante, she was often mentioned in the society columns of the newspapers. Test Reviewing Vocabulary 143, decadence v, decay. The moral decadence of the peoole was reflected in the lewd literature of the period, decant v. pour off gently. Be sure to decant this wine before serving it ‘ecaptate v. behead. They did not hang Lady Jane Grey; they decapitated her. "Ot with her head!” cried the Duchess, eager lo decapitate poor Alice decelerate _v, slow down, Seeing the emergency binkors in the road ahead, he decelerated quickyy Word List 12 Antonyms Each of the questions below consists of a word in capi- tal letters, folowed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters and write the lelter of your choice on your answer paper. 166. COY (A) weak (B) ary (C) brazen (D) old (tiresome 167. COZEN (A) amuse (B) reat honesily (C) prate (0) shackle (E} vity 168. CRAVEN (A) desivous (B) cect (C) bold {D) civiized (E) contrted 169. CRUX (A) allicion (B) spark (C) everts {(0) tival point (€) bate! 170, CRYPTIO (A) tombike (6) futile (C) famous (0) candid (€) inctferent 171. CUPIOITY (A) anxiety (B) tragedy (C) generosity (0) entertainment (E) love 172, CURTAIL (A) matter (B) lengthen (C) express (0) burden (€) shore up 173. CYNICAL (A) trusting (8) effortless (C) conclusive (0) gallant) vertical 174, DANK (A) dy (B) guilless (C) warm (D) babbling (8) reserved 175. DAPPER (A) unintelligent (8) untidy (C) uncertain (0) ungrateful (E) unheaty 176. DAUNTLESS (A) stolid (B) cowardly (C) inelevart (©) peculiar (E) particular 177, DEARTH (A) ite (B) abundance (C) brightness {D) terror (2) wieth 178. DEBACLE (A) progress (B) refusal (C) masque (0) cowardice (E) trafic 179, DEBILITATE (A) bedevil (8) repress (©) svvengthen (0) animate (€) ceaden 180, DEBONAIR (A) awkward (B) windy (C) balmy (0) strong (E) stormy Word List 13 deciduous A0u. falling off, as of ieaves. The oak is a deciduous tree, decimate v. Kil, usualy one out of ten. We do more to decimate our population in automobile accidents than we do in war. decipher v. decode. | could not decipher the doctor's hhandiweting decivitly x. downward siope. The children loved to ski down the dectiviy. décolleté 20. having @ low-cut neckline. Fashion decrees that evening gowns be décolleté this season bare shoulders are again the vogue. ‘decompositions. decay. Despite the body's advanced slate of decomposition, the police were able to identity the murdered man, decorum. propriety; orderliness and good taste in manners. Even the best-mannered students have trouble behaving with decorum on the last day of school. deco- decoy». lure or bat. The wild ducks were nat fooled by the decoy. also v. —T aot) deciduous-dermatologist decrepitude state of collapse caused by illness or old age. | was unprepared for the state of decrepitude in which I had found my od friend: he seemed to have aged twenty years in six months. decry v. express strong disapproval of: disparage. The founder of the Chiren’s Defense Fund, Marian Wright Edelman, strongly decries the lack of financial and moral support for children in America today. \deduelble 404. derived by reasoning. If we accept your promise, your conclusions are easily deducible. deface v, mar; disfigure. If you deface a lirery book you will have to pay a hetty fine ddsfamev. harm someone's reputation; malign; slander. Ifyou try to defame my good name, my lawyers will see you in court. If rival candidates persist in defaming one another, the voters may conclude that all politicians are ‘erooks. defamation, t. ‘@ default n. failure to act. When the visiting team failed to show up for the big game, thay lost the game by ‘default. When Jack failed to rake the payments on his Jaguar, the dealership took back the car because he had defaulted on his debt144 Verbal Ability: Tactics, Review, and Practice deleaist sou resigned to deteat; accepting deleal as a natural outcome, It you maintain your dota attude, you will never succeed. aso election, desertion, The chicken, who had made him an il, ware hur mest by his detection from our cause Alor v delay til lator: exempt temporary. in wartene, some young men immediately volunteer to sere; others Gofor making plans unti they hear trom their draft boards, During the Vietnam War, many young men, hop- ing to be deterred, requested student deferments deter. gve in espectuly, submit. When t comes to making decisions about purchasing sottware, we must dofer to Michael, our computer guru he has the final wor. Michae), nowever, can defer these questions to no ‘ne; only he can decide Wm deerence_. courteous regard for srother's wish. In deference io the ministers request, please do not take photographs during the wedding serice. delance_n rotusalo ye resistance, When John reached the "terble two's he responded to every narontal request with howls of Gofance. dy v. data, defie v. pollute; profane. The hoodiums died the church with their scurious wring, definitive 403, most reliable or complete. Car Sandburg's Abraham Linco may be regarded as the otinitve work on the life othe Great Emancipator. deflect v. tur aside. His ite was saved when his cigarette case deflected the bulet defolate v. destoy leaves. In Vietnam the army made extensive uae of chemical agente to defolate the woodlands {etray_v. provide for he payment of. Her employer otered to defray he costs of her postaraduate education delrock v.10 sip a priest cr minster of church autho. Wo knew the minister had violated church regulations but we had not realized his offense was serous enough to cause nim to be detrockeds deft 201. nest; skilful. The dott walter uncorked the champagne without spiling a drop. defunct ens. dead: no longer in use oF existence. The lawyers sought to examine the books of the defunct corporation, degenerate v. become worse; deteriorate, As the fight dragged on, te champion’s style degenerated unt he could barely keep on hs feet degradation x. humiliation: debasement: degeneration Some secretaries abject to fetching the boss a cup of coffee because they resent the degradaton of beng made to perform such lowly tasks. degrade, v dehydrate. remove water tom: dry out. Running under a hot sun quickly dehydrates the body: joggers avoid hydration by canying water botles and drinking trom them trequenty deity v. turn into a god; idolize. Admire the rock star all yu want; just dont ely hn deian v. condescend) stoop. The celebrated fashion designer would not deign to speak toa more seams: bis overburdened assistant had fo convey the master's \wishes to the lowly workers assembing his great designs. delete v. erase, strke out If you delete this paragraph, the composition will have mare appeal deleterious aru. harmful. If you believe that smoking is deleterious to your health (and the Surgeon General ‘surely does}, then quit! deliberate v. consider; ponder. Offered the new job, she asked forme to deliberate before she made her decision, wm delineate v. portray; depict; sketch. Using only a few descriptive phrases, Austen delineates the character of Mr. Coling so well that we can predict his every move. delineation, 1. delirium 1, mental disorder marked by confusion. In his, elrium, the drunkard saw pink panthers and talking igs. Peraps he wasn't defrious: he might just have wandered into a movie house. delta, flal plain of mud or sand between brancnes of a river. His dissertation discussed the effect of intermittent flooding on the fertility of the Nile certs delude v. deceive. The mistress deiudes herself into believing that her lover will leave bis wife and marry her deluge 1. flood; rush. When we advertised the position we received a deluge of applications, also v. delusion n. false belief; hallucination. Don suffers from delusions of grandeur: he thinks he’s a world-famous ‘author when he's published just one paperback book. elusive a0. deceptive; raising vain hopes. Do not raise ‘your hopes on the basis of his delusive promises. delve v. dig; investigate. DeWing into old books and manuscriats is part of a researchers job. demagogue 1. person who appeais to people's preju- dice; false leader. He was accused of being a emagogue because he made promises thal aroused {utile hopes in nis listeners. demean v. degrade; humiliate. Standing on his dignity he refused to cemean himself by replying to the offensive letter. If you ttuly believed in the dignity of labor, you ‘would not think it would demean you to work as a janitor demeanor. behavior; bearing. His sover demeanor quieted the noisy revelers, demented 10. insane, Doctor Demento was a radio per- sonality who liked to act as he ware truly cemented. It you're demented, your mental stale is cut of whack; in other words, you're wacky. demise x. death. Upon the demise of the dictator, a bitter dispute about succession to power developed. demographic ou. related to population balance. In con- ‘ducting @ survey, one should take into account demo- graphic trends in the region. demography, n. demolition 1. destruction. One of the major aims of the air force was the complete demolition of al means of transportation by the bombing of ral ines and terminals. demolish, v. demoniae cu. fiendish. The Spanish Inquisition devised many démoniac means of torture. demon.demotio abu, pertaining to the people. He lamented the passing of aristocratic society and maintained that a demotic society would lower the nation’s standards. demur n. objection; protest. Michelangelo regularly ened that Leonardo Da Vine’ had influenced him, and cites have usually accepted his statements without demur demur v, object (because of doubts, scruples); hesitate When offered a post on the board of drectors, David demurred he had scruples about taking on the job because he was unsure he could handle itn addition to his other responsibilities demure ans, grave; serious; coy She was demure and reserved, a nice modest gil whom any young man would bbe proud to take home to his mother, 1m denigrate _v. blacken. All attempts to denigrate the character of our late president have failed; the people sill ove him and cherish his memory. denizen ni. inhabitant or resident; regular visitor. In The Untouchables, Eliot Ness fights Ai Capone and the other denizens of Chicage's underworld. Ness's fight against ‘corruption was the tak ofall the denizensof the local bars, denotation 1. meaning; distinguishing by name. A dictio- nary will always give us the derotation of a word: fre- quently, i will also give us its connotation, enuement x. autcome; final development of the plot of a play or other literary work. The play was childishly writen; the denouement was obvious 1o sophisticated thoatergoers as early as the midcle of the lirst act denounce v. condemn; efticize. The reform candidate denounced the corrupt city officers for having betrayed the public's trust. denunciation, 6 ‘epic v. portray. In this sensational expos, the author depicts Beatle Jonn Lennon as a drug-crazed neurotic. Do you question the accuracy of this depiction of Lennon? eplatev. reduce; exhaust. We must wait until we deplete ‘ur present inventory before we order replacements, deplore v. regret. Although | deplore the vulgarity af your language, | defend your right to express yourself freely Test Reviewing Vocabulary 145, deploy v. spread out [troops] in an extended though shallow battle ine. The general ordered the battalion to deploy in order to meet ihe enemy offensive. depose _v. dethrone, remave trom office. The army attempted to depose the king and set up a military government ‘deposition. festimony under oath, She made her depo- sition in the judge’s chamber. depravity . extreme corruption; wickedness. The depravity of Caligula's behavior eventually sickened ‘even those who had wilingly participated in his earlier, comparatively innocent orgies. deprave, v. eprecate_v. express disapproval of; protest against; belie. A firm believer in old-fashioned courtesy, Miss Post deprecated the modern tendency to address new ‘acquaintances by their first names. deprecatory, 20: depreciate. lessen in value, If you neglect this propery, it will depreciate, epredation . plundering, After the deprediations of the invaders, the people were penniless. derange v. make insane; disarrange. Hamlet's cruel rejection deranged poor Ophelia; in her madness. she drowned hersel Gerelict a0:. abandoned negligent. The derelict craft was a menace to navigation. Whoever abandoned it in the middle of the harbor was derelict in living up to his responsibilities as a boat owner, also W. 18 deride v. ridicule; make fun of, The critics derided his pretentious dialogue and refused to consider his, play seriausly. Despite the critics’ derision, however, audiences were moved by the play, cheering its unabashedly sentimental conclusion, derisive, 20 1m derivative 451. unoriginal: obtained from another source. Although her early poetry was clearly derivative inneture, the critics thought she had promise and even= tually would find her own voice. dermatologist 1. one who studies the skin and its dis- eases. | advise you to consult a dermatologist about your one, Word List 13 Synonyms Each of the questions below consists of @ word in capi- ‘al letters, followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly simiar in meaning to the word in capital letters and write the letter of your choice on your answer paper 181, DECIMATE (A) kill (8) disgrace (C) search (©) colle (E) conde 182, DECLIVITY (A) trap (B) quadrangle (C) quarter (0) activity €) downward slope 183, DECOLLETE (A) flavored (3) demure (C) flowery (0) low-necked (E} sweet 184. DECOROUS (A) momentary (B) emotional (©) suppressed (0) proper (E) unexpected 185, DECREPITUDE (A) feebleness (8) disease (C) coolness (D) melee (E) crowd 186, DEFAULT (A) failure to act (B) tendency to err (C) desire to remedy (0) debt (€) misunderstanding 187, DEFECTION (A) determination (8) desertion (©) invitation (D) affection (E} reservation 188, DEFILE (A) manicure (B) ride (C) pollute (0) assemble (E) order 183, DEGRADED (A) surprised (8) lowered (C) ascended (D) learned (E) prejudged 190. DELETERIOUS (A) delaying (B) experimental (C) harmtul (D) graduating (E) glorious146 Verbal Ability: Tactics, Review, and Practice 191, DELUGE (A) confusion (B) deception (C) flood (D) mountain (€) weapon 192, DENIGRATE (A) refuse (8) blacken (0) tery {D) admit (E) review 193, DENOUEMENT (A) action (8) scenery (C) resort {D) character (E) solution 194. DEPRAVITY (A) wickedness (B) saciness {C) heaviness (0) tidiness (E) seriousness 195, DERANGED (A) insane (B) systematic (C) neighborly (D) alphabetical (E) surrounded Word List 14 erage ac ese ei biter eeeatiae el word Eskimo has come under strong attack in recent years for its supposedly derogatory connotations, many ‘Americans today either avoid the term or feel uneasy using it. Wescry Vv. catch sight of. In the distance, we could barely descry the enemy vessels. desecrate. profane; violate tho sanctity of, Shattering the altar and trampling the holy objects underfoot, the invaders desecrated the sanctuary. idesiccate _v. dry up. A tour of this smokehouse will give you an idea of how the pioneers used to desiccate food in order to preserve it desolate 04. unpopulated: joyless. After six months in the crowded, bustling metropolis, David was so sick of [people that he was ready to head for the most desolate ppatch of wilderness he could fin. desolate v. r0b of joy: lay waste fo; forsake. The bandits desolated the countryside, burning farms and carying off the harvest. desperado wv. reckless outlaw. Butch Cassidy was a bold ‘desperado with a price on his nead, despise v. look on with scom; regard as worthiess or dis- tastelul. Mr. Bond, | despise spies, | look down on them as mean, despicable, honoriess men, whom | would wipe from the face of the earth with as litle concern as | would scrape dog droppings fram the bottom of my shoe, despoil_v. stip of valuables; rob, Seeking plunder, the raiders despatled the vilage, carrying off any valuables they found: esponcent abs. depressed; gloomy, To the distress of his parents, Wiliam became seriousiy despondent after he broke up with Jan. daspondency, N, despot. tyrant; harsh, authoritarian ruler. How could a benevolent king turn overnight intoa despot? despotism, destitute ao. extremely poor. Because they had no health insurance, the father’s costly iliness let the family destitute. destitution, x. desuetude wv. stale of disuse Overshadowed by the newly popular walizes znd coillions, the English country dances of Jane Austen's time fell info desuetudo until they were rediscovered during the folk dance revival of the early twentieth century m desultory Ans. aimless; haphazard; digressing at ran- dom. In prison Malcolm X set himself the task of reading straight through the dictionary; to him, reacing was pur- poseful, not desuitory derogatory-disgruntle detached acy. emotionally removed: calm and objective physically separate. A psychoanalyst must maintain a detached point of view and stay uninvolved with her Patients’ personal Ives. To a child growing up in an apart ment or a row house, to ive in a detached house was a7 unattainable dream. (secondary meaning) detachment, W. determinate 401, having a tied order of procedure: invariable. AL the royal wedding, the procession of the nobles followed a determinate order of precedence. determination 1. rescive: measurement or calculation; decision. Nothing could shake his determination that his children would get the best education that money could bbuy. Thanks to my pocket calculator, my determination of the answer fo the problem took only seconds of my time, ‘m deterrent x. something that discourages; hindrance. Does the threat of capital punishment serve as a deter- ‘onto potential killers? also AO. detonation x. explosion. The detonation of the bomb could be heard miles away, elraction _n. slandering; aspersion. Because Susan 8, ‘Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton dared to fight for women’s rights, their motives, manors, dress, personal appearance, and character were held up to ridicule and detraction. detrimental acy. harmful; damaging. The candidate's acceptance of major financial contributions from 2 well- known racist ultimately proved detrimental to his cam- paign, for he lost the backing of many of his early grassroots supporters. detriment, n deviate v. turn away from (a principle, norm); depart, diverge. Richard never deviated from his daily routine ‘every day he set off for work at eight o'clock, had his sack lunch at noon, and headed home at the stroke of five. devious Ao). roundabout; erratic; not straightiorward, ‘The Joker's plan was so devious that it was only with great dificulty we could follow ts shits and dodgos. {devise v. think up: invent; plan. How clever he must be to have devised such a devious plan! What ingenious Inventions right he have devised if he had turned his, ‘mind to science rather than crime, devoid A0y. lacking. You may think Cher's mind isa total void, but she's actually not devoid of inteligence. She lust Sounds lke an airhead, devolve _v. be transferred to another: delegate to anoth- er; gradually worsen, Because Humply Dumpty was 100 shattered by tis fall to clean up his own mess, all the ‘work of picking up the pieces devolved upon poor Alicedevotee ¥. enthusiastic follower. A devotee of the opera, she bought season lickets every year. devout A0., pious. The devout man prayed daily. dexterous 201, skilful The magician was so dexterous that we could nol follow his movements as he performed his tricks. Aiabolcal Acs. devilish, “What a fiend | am, to devise such a diabolical scheme to destroy Gotham City.” chortled the Joker fiadem x. crown. The king's diadem was on display at the museum, fialectical 20. relating to the art of debate; mutual or reciprocal. The debate coach's students grew to develop ‘great forensic and ofalectical skill. Teaching, however, is inherently a dialectical situation: the coach learned at least as much from her students as they learned from her. dialectics, w, iaphanous 04. sheer; transparent. Through the ‘iaphanous curtains, the burglar could clearly see the large jewelry box on the dressing table. Sexy nightgowns are diaphanous, wooten long johns, fortunalely, are rok 1 diatribe nN. bitter scolding; invective. During the lengthy diatribe delivered by his opponent he remained calm and selt-controled. © dichotomy. spilt; branching into two parts (espe- cially contradictory ones). Wille didn't know how to resolve the dichotomy between his ambition to go to col- lege and his childhood longing to run away and join the circus. Then he heard about Ringling Brothers Circus Collage, and he knew he'd found his schoo! ictum \. authoritative and weighty statement; saying maxim, University administrations stil falow the old dictum *Publish or perish." They don't care how good 4 teacher you are; it you don't publish enough papers, you're out of a job. didactic 404, teaching; instructional. Pope's lengthy poem An Essay an Manis too didactic tor my taste: | cis- like it when poets turn preachy and moralize. didacti- cis, w tie 1. device for stamping or impressing; mold. In coin- ing pennies, workers at the old mint squeezed sheets of sottened copper between two dies. 1m diffidence x. shyness, You must overcome your ait- fidence if you intend to become a salesperson. wdituse av. wordy; rambling: spread out (ike 2 gas). If you pay authors by the word, you tempt them to pro- duce diffuse manuscripts rather than brief ones. also v diffusion, n, 1m digression Nv. wandering away from the subject Nobody minded when Professor Renoirs lectures wan- dered away from their official theme: his aigressions were always more fascinating than the topie of the day. digress, v dilapidated a0. ruined because of neglect. The olla dated old building needed far more work than just a new coat of paint, dilapidation,w. diate v. expand. In the dark, the pupils of your eyes dilate ooo Reviewing Vocabulary 147 dilatory ns. tending to delay: intentionally delaying, If you are dilatory in paying your bils, your eredit rating may sutter. dilemma Ww. problem choice of two unsatisfactory alter- ratives, In this dilemma, he knew no one to whom he could tum for advice Gilettante 1. aimless follower of the arts; amateur; dab- bler. According to Turgenev, without painstaking work any writer or arlist remains diettante. In an age of increasing professionalism, the terms amateur and clilet- fante have taken on negative connotations they did not originally possess. Gligence v. steadiness of effort; persistent hard work. Her employers were greatly impressed by her diligence land offered her a partnership in the firm, dilute v. make less concentrated reduce in strength She prelerred her colfee diitted with milk diminution. lessening; reduction in size, Old Jack was 2s sharp at eighty as he had been at fity; increasing age led to no diminution of his mental acu. din. continued loud noise, The din of the jack- hammers outside tho classroom window drowned out the lecturer's voice, also v. dinghy N. small boat (often ship's boat). In the fim Lifeboat, an ill-assorted group oj passengers from a ‘sunken ocean liner are marooned at sea in @ dinghy. dingy a0. dull; not fresh; cheeriess, Refusing to be depressed by her dingy studio apartment, Bea spent the weekend polishing the floors and windows and hanging bright posters on the walls, dint. means: efor. By dint of much hard work, the volunteers were able to control the raging forest fre diorama x. life-size, three-dimensional. scene from nature or history, Because they dramalically pose actual sluffed animals against realistic painted landscapes, the dioramas at the Museum of Natural History particularly impress high school biology students, dire 01, disastrous. People ignored her dire predictions ‘of an approaching depression, m dirge 1. lament with music. The funeral aitge stired us to toars, 1m disabuse_v. correct a false impression; undeceive. | will attempt to disabuse you of your impression of my client's guit: | know he is innocent. disaffected acy. disloyal. Once the most loyal of Bradiey’s supporters, Senator Moynihan found himselt ‘becoming increasingly disatected disapprobation v. disapproval; condemnation, The con- servative father viewed his daughter's radical boyfriend with disapprobation disarray 1, a disorderly or untidy state. After the New ‘Year's party, the once orderly house was in total disarray. disavowal_N, denial; disclaming. The novelist André Gide was controversial both for his early support of comn- ‘munism and for his subsequent disavowal of It after a Visit to the Soviet Union. disavaw, v.‘148 Verbal Ability: Tactics, Review, and Practice disband v. dissolve; disperse. The chess club disbanded after its disastrous initial season, disburse_v. pay out. When you disburse money on the company’s behalf, be sure to get a receipt. discernible any. distinguishable; percelvable. The ships in the harbor were not discernible in the fog. 1m discerning a0.. mentally quick and observant; having insight. Though no genius, the star was sufficiently dis cerning to distinguish her true friends from the countless phonies who flattered her. discem, v. discernment, n. Aisclaim _v. disown; renounce claim to. | grant you this privilege, will you disclaim all other rights?” disclose _v. reveal. Although competitors offered him bribes, ne refused to disclose any information about his company's forthcoming product. disclosure, n Aiscombobulated 40). confused; discomposed, The novice square dancer became so discombobulated that he wandered into the wrong set iscomtt v. put to rout: defeat; disconcert. This ruse will discomft the enemy. discomfiture, 1. discomfited, acy. isconcsrt_ v. confuse; upset; embarrass. The lawyer was disconcerted by the evidence produced by her adversary. disconsolate A0y. sad, The death of his wife left him disconsolate, discord conflict; lack of harmony. Watching Tweedledum baitle Tweedledee, Alice wondered what had caused this pointless aiscor Im discordant 04, not harmonious, conflicting, Nothing is quite so discordant as the sound of a junior high schoo! ‘orchestra tuning up. discount v. disregard. Be prepared to discount what he hhas to say about his ex-wife discourse formal discussion; conversation. The young Plato was drawn to the Agora to hear the philosophical discourse of Socrates and his folowers. also v, discredit. defame: destroy contidence in; disbelieve. The campaign was highly nagative in tone; each candi- date tried to discredit the other. 'm discrepancy 1. lack of consistency; difference. The police noticed some discrepancies in his description of the crime anc dig not believe him: Test ww discrete 401. separate; unconnected; consisting of