Sacro, Christian Jade B.

Differential Calculus

10-04-16

1.From rest, a car accelerated at 8 m/s2 for 10 seconds.

a) What is the position of the car at the end of the 10 seconds?
b) What is the velocity of the car at the end of the 10 seconds?
a).The car starts from rest therefore the initial speed u = 0. Nothing is said about the
initial position and we therefore assume it is equal to 0. Hence the position x is given
by the equation
x = (1/2) a t 2
where a is the acceleration (=8 m/s2) and t is the period of time between initial and final
positions
x = (1/2)8 (10)2 = 400 m
b) The velocity v of the car at the end of the 10 seconds is given by
v = a t = 8 * 10 = 80 m/s
2.With an initial velocity of 20 km/h, a car accelerated at 8 m/s 2 for 10 seconds.
a) The car has an initial velocity of 20 km/h, therefore the initial speed u = 20 km/h.
Nothing is said about the initial position and we therefore assume it is equal to 0. Hence the
position x is given by the equation
x = (1/2) a t 2 + u t
where a is the acceleration (=8 m/s2) and t is period of time between initial and final positions
and u is the initial velocity.
Since the time is given in seconds, we need to convert 20 km/h into m/s as follows:
20 * 1km 1000 m
1 hour
u = 20 km/h = 1 hour 1 km 3600 seconds
= 5.6 m/s
We now have
x = (1/2) (8) 102 + 5.6*10 = 456 m

3. A car accelerates uniformly from 0 to 72 km/h in 11.5 seconds.

a) The acceleration a is a measure if the rate of change of the velocity within a period
of time. Hence
change in velocity v - u
72 km/h - 0
u=
change in time
t
11.5 seconds
=
=
We now convert 72 km/h into m/s
72 * 1km 1000 m
1 hour
1 hour 1 km 3600 seconds
= 20 m/s
We now calculate the acceleration a
u = 72 km/h =

a = (20 m/s) / (11.5 s) = 1.74 m/s2 (approximetd)

4.An object is thrown straight down from the top of a building at a speed of 20 m/s. It hits the
ground with a speed of 40 m/s.
v2 = u2 + 2 a (x - x0)
(-40 m/s)2 = (-20 m/s)2 + 2 (-9.8 m/s0) (0 - x0)
Solve the above for x0
x0 = 1200 / 19.6 = 61.2 m
b) x - x0 = (1/2)(u + v)t
-61.2 = 0.5(-20 - 40)t
t = 61.2 / 30 = 2.04 s
5.A train brakes from 40 m/s to a stop over a distance of 100 m.
a) We are given the initial velocity u = 40 m/s, the final velocity v = 0 (train stops) and the
distance. Hence the formula that relates these 3 quantities and the acceleration is given by
v2 = u2 + 2 a x
02 = 402 + 2 a (100)
Solve for the acceleration a
a = -1600 / 200 = - 8 m/s2

6.An airplane accelerates down a runway at 3.20 m/s 2 for 32.8 s until is finally lifts off the
ground. Determine the distance traveled before takeoff.
Given:
a = +3.2 m/s2

Find:
t = 32.8 s

d = ??

vi = 0 m/s

d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t2
d = (0 m/s)*(32.8 s)+ 0.5*(3.20 m/s2)*(32.8 s)2
d = 1720 m
7.Upton Chuck is riding the Giant Drop at Great America. If Upton free falls for 2.60 seconds,
what will be his final velocity and how far will he fall?
Given:
a = -9.8 m

Find:
t = 2.6 s

vi = 0 m/s

d = ??
vf = ??

d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t2
d = (0 m/s)*(2.60 s)+ 0.5*(-9.8 m/s2)*(2.60 s)2
d = -33.1 m (- indicates direction)
vf = vi + a*t
vf = 0 + (-9.8 m/s2)*(2.60 s)
vf = -25.5 m/s (- indicates direction)

8.A feather is dropped on the moon from a height of 1.40 meters. The acceleration of gravity
on the moon is 1.67 m/s2. Determine the time for the feather to fall to the surface of the moon.
Given:
vi = 0 m/s

Find:
t = ??

a = -1.67 m/s2

d = -1.40 m

d = vi*t + 0.5*a*t2
-1.40 m = (0 m/s)*(t)+ 0.5*(-1.67 m/s2)*(t)2
-1.40 m = 0+ (-0.835 m/s2)*(t)2
(-1.40 m)/(-0.835 m/s2) = t2
1.68 s2 = t2
t = 1.29 s
9.A bullet leaves a rifle with a muzzle velocity of 521 m/s. While accelerating through the
barrel of the rifle, the bullet moves a distance of 0.840 m. Determine the acceleration of the
bullet (assume a uniform acceleration).
Given:
vi = 0 m/s

Find:
vf = 521 m/s

a = ??

d = 0.840 m
vf2 = vi2 + 2*a*d

(521 m/s)2 = (0 m/s)2 + 2*(a)*(0.840 m)

271441 m2/s2 = (0 m/s)2 + (1.68 m)*a
(271441 m2/s2)/(1.68 m) = a
a = 1.62*105 m /s2
10.A baseball is popped straight up into the air and has a hang-time of 6.25 s. Determine the
height to which the ball rises before it reaches its peak. (Hint: the time to rise to the peak is
one-half the total hang-time.)
Given:
a = -9.8 m/s2

Find:
vf = 0 m/s

t = 3.13 s

d = ??

(NOTE: the time required to move to the peak of the trajectory is one-half the total
hang time - 3.125 s.)
First use: vf = vi + a*t
0 m/s = vi + (-9.8 m/s2)*(3.13 s)
0 m/s = vi - 30.7 m/s
vi = 30.7 m/s (30.674 m/s)
Now use: vf2 = vi2 + 2*a*d
(0 m/s)2 = (30.7 m/s)2 + 2*(-9.8 m/s2)*(d)
0 m2/s2 = (940 m2/s2) + (-19.6 m/s2)*d
-940 m2/s2 = (-19.6 m/s2)*d
(-940 m2/s2)/(-19.6 m/s2) = d
d = 48.0 m