Conexpo 2014 PPT Aem

Evolution Of Tier 4 Regulations &
Project Specific Diesel Engine

Emissions Requirements
Association of Equipment Managers (AEM)
CONEXPO / CON-AGG 2014
Las Vegas, NV
March 5, 2014
www.conexpoconagg.com
1
Topics To Be Covered Today

Alpha & Omega (Tier 0 to Tier 4 Final).
Evolution of Tier 4 Regulations.
Engine & Equipment Manufacturers.
Equipment Owners/Operators.
Project Specifications and Local Initiatives are

Often More Stringent than Federal or State
Regulations.
2
Alpha & Omega

(Tier 0 To Tier 4 Final)
3
Engine Tiers
4
EPA Non-Road Emission Regulations
Exhaust
After
Treatment
Required
5
Evolution Of EPA Off-Highway

Emission Standards
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Evolution of Tier 4 Regulations
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Evolution Of Tier 4 Regulations

Engine & Equipment Manufacturers Were the
Initial Focus.
United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA).
California Air Resources Board (CARB).
A Nearly 20-Year Process to Get From Tier 0 to

Tier 4 Final.
First Tier 1 engines introduced in 1996.
All horsepower ranges required to be Tier 4 Final
beginning in 2015.
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Dramatic Emission Reduction Requirements.
Pollutant
Tier 1 (g/bhp-hr)
Tier 4 Final (g/bhp-hr)
Percent Reduction (%)
Hydrocarbons
1.0
0.14
86
Nitrogen Oxides (NOX)
6.9
0.3
96
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
8.5
2.2
74
Particulate Matter (PM)
0.4
0.015
96
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10

Historically, state and local air quality agencies
have waited for mobile equipment meeting new
manufacturers emissions limits to cycle into the
field naturally as older equipment was replaced
and retired.
California has changed that approach with two
regulations that require Contractors to
accelerate the introduction of newer equipment:
In-Use Off-Road Vehicle Regulation (Off-Road
Regulation).
On-Road Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (In-Use)
Regulation (Truck & Bus Regulation).
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A Look At The Future For Older

Off-Road Equipment
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CARB Off-Road Regulation

Reliance On Tier 4
Long-term Compliance with CARB Off-Road
Regulation Depends Largely on Tier 4: NOX
Requirements.
Compliance Date:
January 1 of Year
2014 (Large Only)
2015 (Large Only)
2016 (Large Only)
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
25-49
hp
5.8
5.6
5.3
5.0
4.7
4.4
4.1
3.8
3.5
3.3
NOx Targets for Each Max Hp Group
50-74
hp
6.5
6.2
5.8
5.4
5.0
4.6
4.2
3.8
3.4
3.0
75-99
hp
7.1
6.7
6.2
5.5
4.8
4.1
3.4
2.7
2.0
1.4
100-174
hp
6.4
6.0
5.5
4.9
4.3
3.7
3.1
2.5
1.9
1.3
175-299
hp
6.2
5.8
5.3
4.7
4.1
3.5
2.9
2.3
1.7
1.5
300-599
hp
5.9
5.5
5.1
4.5
4.0
3.4
2.8
2.2
1.7
1.5
: Tier 1
: Tier 2
: Tier 3
: Tier 4 Interim
600-750
hp
6.1
0.6
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.4
2.9
2.3
1.7
1.5
>750 hp
7.2
6.8
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.4
: Tier 4 Final
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Why You Should Care What

California Does
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California Does
Section 209(e)(2) of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C.
7543(e)(2) specifies that EPA must authorize
California to adopt and enforce covered nonroad emission standards if California determines
that its standards are, in the aggregate, at least
as protective of public health and welfare as
applicable Federal standards.
Unless EPA makes one of three findings specified
under the Clean Air Act:
1. Californias protectiveness finding is arbitrary and
capricious;
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16

California Does
2. That California does not need such standards to meet
compelling and extraordinary conditions; or
3. That Californias standards and accompanying
enforcement procedures are not consistent with the Clean
Air Act.
When California asks EPA for a waiver

EPA says yes
Virtually all of the time.
EPA Granted California Authorization to Enforce

the Off-Road Regulation on:
September 13, 2013
And yes, this was Friday the 13th!
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17

California Does
49-State Adoption of California Standards.
The Clean Air Act allows other states to adopt
Californias emission standards under Section 177.
Section 177 requires that when another state adopts
Californias standards, the standards must be
identical to Californias.
Other states are not required to seek EPA
authorization to adopt a California standard.
The states rule must provide for a minimum two year
lead time after adoption.
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States With Ozone Nonattainment

Areas (2008 Standard)
19
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Project Specifications and Local

Initiatives are Often More Stringent
than Federal or State Regulations
20
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Project Specifications Beyond

The Regulations
This is for a Container Terminal Construction
Project in California.
21
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The Regulations
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22

The Regulations
These are Excerpts from Permit Conditions
Related to a Wind Turbine Construction Project
off the Coast of Rhode Island and
Massachusetts.
23
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The Regulations
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The Regulations
This is from a Bridge Project in New York.
25
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City Of Chicago Clean

Contracting Ordinance
Ordinance Applies to Contractors and
Subcontractors Performing Work Under Contract
to the City of Chicago.
Section 1, Chapter 2-92-595 of the Municipal
Code of Chicago.
Requirements:
2014
Tier 1 or newer to avoid particulate filters.
2.1 or higher Clean Fleet Score
2017
Clean Fleet Score of 3.0 or higher.
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2020
Clean Fleet Score of 4.0 or higher.
Scoring Summary
0 points for any non-road vehicle and non-road
equipment meeting US EPA's Tier 1 Non-road Diesel
Standards and not fitted with any verified diesel
emission control retrofit device;
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Scoring Summary (continued)
2.25 points for any non-road vehicle and non-road
28
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Massachusetts DOT
Revised Specifications for Non-road Diesel
Equipment on Massachusetts DOT Job Sites
as of September 2, 2009.
Most Current Tier Applies to Equipment
Greater than 50 hp.
If not Tier 4, the Equipment Must Retrofit with
an EPA or CARB Verified Device.
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Massachusetts DOT
No grandfathering.
If the emissions from diesel equipment comply with
the most current EPA emission standards for
particulate matter in effect at the time, but are
superseded by newer Tier emission standards (i.e.
Tier 3 emission standards replaced by Tier 4
emission standards), then the superseded diesel
equipment will have to be retrofitted prior to the end of
the contract with emission control technology.
This will not be an issue much longer.
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Virginia - Army Relocation Of

National Capitol Region
Facilities To Fort Belvoir, VA
The Following Requirements Were Included in
the Bid Specification:
All Contractor and Sub-contractor diesel powered
non-road construction equipment with engine
horsepower (hp) ratings of 50 hp and aboveshall be
retrofitted with Emission Control Devices in order to
reduce diesel emissions. The Retrofit Emission
Control Devices shall consist of oxidation catalysts, or
similar retrofit equipment control technology that (1) is
included on the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) Verified Retrofit Technology List and (2) is
verified by EPA or certified by the manufacturer to
provide a minimum emissions reduction of 20% PM10,
40% CO, and 50% HC.
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Virginia - Army Relocation Of

National Capitol Region
Facilities To Fort Belvoir, VA
Tier 2, Tier 3 and Tier 4 engines exempt from this
requirement.
No Contractor will allow any diesel-fueled commercial

motor vehicles or diesel non-road construction
equipment to idle for a period greater than 5 minutes.
32
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Northeast Diesel Collaborative

Model Contract Specification
Released in April, 2008.
Guidance for Hospitals, Universities,
Municipalities and Transportation Agencies.
Until December 31, 2012, all diesel non-road
construction equipment with engines 75 hp and
greater on site more than 10 total days must
have either (1) engines that meet EPA Tier 4
non-road emissions standards, or (2) emission
control technology verified by EPA or CARB for
use with non-road engines to reduce PM
emissions by a minimum of 20%.
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Northeast Diesel Collaborative

Model Contract Specification
Beginning January 1, 2013, all diesel non-road
construction equipment on site for more than 10
total days must have either (1) engines meeting
EPA Tier 4 non-road emission standards or (2)
emission control technology verified by EPA or
CARB for use with non-road engines to reduce
PM emissions by a minimum of 85% for engines
75 hp and greater and by a minimum of 20% for
engines between 25 and 75 hp.
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New York City Local Law 77

Requires Best Available Technology (BAT) for
Construction Equipment 50 hp or Greater
Operated by Agencies and Contractors Working
Within the City.
BAT is Technically Feasible EPA or CARB
Verified Devices, or Tier 4 Engines.
Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel fuel (ULSD) is Also
Required.
BAT Needs to be Continuously Updated to
Reflect Introduction of New Technology.
Greater Tier 4 requirements as BAT over time.
35
35
Pennsylvania DOT
Standard Special Provision for City of
Philadelphia Federal-Aid Municipal (FAM)
Projects.
Released August 26, 2009.
Implements Philadelphia Executive Order 1-07,
Which Requires the Inclusion of Clean Diesel
Specifications in Contracts for Public Works
Projects.
Applies to projects estimated to be $1,000,000 or
more.
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Pennsylvania DOT
Applies to vehicles greater than 50 hp on the project
in excess of 7 working days (consecutive or nonconsecutive).
Requires Use of Retrofits or Vehicles Meeting

Tier 4 Emissions Requirements.
37
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Philadelphia Specification Requiring

Diesel Engine Controls
Applies to $1 Million or Greater Projects from
July 1, 2013 to June 30, 2014.
Applies to All Projects Beginning July 1, 2014.
At least two business days before any covered
vehicle is brought onto the citys contract site,
the successful bidder must submit to the citys
project manager information about the vehicle
including confirmation that the appropriate
emissions control technology has been installed
on the vehicle or that the vehicle is Tier 4 or Tier
4 Interim.
38
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New Jersey Executive Order

Initially a Pilot Plan for Reducing Diesel
Emissions in Publicly Funded Projects.
After a Two Year Pilot, Expanded to all Projects
Valued at Greater than $5,000,000.
Requires Engines Meeting Tier 4 Non-road
Emission Standards or Retrofit Technology
Verified by EPA or CARB.
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List Of Projects Impacted By

New Jersey Executive Order - 2013
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List Of Projects Impacted By

New Jersey Executive Order - 2014
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Making A List, Checking It Twice

Naughty or Nice, Send Me Your Project
Requirements or Bid Specifications Promoting
the Use of Newer Off-Road Equipment or
Retrofit Control Technology.
Mike Buckantz
mbuck@associatesenvironmental.com
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Tier 4 Promotion at CONEXPO
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Tier 4 Promotion at CONEXPO
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Except for this Classic: NOT Tier 4
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Thank You For Attending

If you have any questions, please contact me:
Mike Buckantz
Associates Environmental
16882 Bolsa Chica Street, Suite 202
Huntington Beach, CA 92649
(714) 625-7020 / (714) 362-9085 Fax
mbuck@associatesenvironmental.com
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Available Formats

Evolution Of Tier 4 Regulations &

Project Specific Diesel Engine

Topics To Be Covered Today

Project Specifications and Local Initiatives are

Alpha & Omega

EPA Non-Road Emission Regulations

Evolution Of EPA Off-Highway

Evolution of Tier 4 Regulations

Evolution Of Tier 4 Regulations

A Nearly 20-Year Process to Get From Tier 0 to

Evolution Of Tier 4 Regulations

Evolution Of Tier 4 Regulations

Tier 4 Final (g/bhp-hr)

Percent Reduction (%)

Nitrogen Oxides (NOX)

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Particulate Matter (PM)

Evolution Of Tier 4 Regulations

A Look At The Future For Older

CARB Off-Road Regulation

NOx Targets for Each Max Hp Group

Evolution Of Tier 4 Regulations

Why You Should Care What

Evolution Of Tier 4 Regulations

Why You Should Care What

Why You Should Care What

When California asks EPA for a waiver

EPA Granted California Authorization to Enforce

Why You Should Care What

States With Ozone Nonattainment

Project Specifications and Local

Project Specifications Beyond

Project Specifications Beyond

Project Specifications Beyond

Project Specifications Beyond

Project Specifications Beyond

City Of Chicago Clean

City Of Chicago Clean

City Of Chicago Clean

Virginia - Army Relocation Of

Virginia - Army Relocation Of

No Contractor will allow any diesel-fueled commercial

Northeast Diesel Collaborative

Northeast Diesel Collaborative

New York City Local Law 77

Requires Use of Retrofits or Vehicles Meeting

Philadelphia Specification Requiring

New Jersey Executive Order

List Of Projects Impacted By

List Of Projects Impacted By

Making A List, Checking It Twice

Tier 4 Promotion at CONEXPO

Tier 4 Promotion at CONEXPO

Except for this Classic: NOT Tier 4

Thank You For Attending

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