Introduction:

End Plate connection

Input forces:
Fx1 =
Fy1 =
Fz1 =
Mx1 =
My1 =
Mz1 =

0
0
150
0
250
0

KN
KN
KN
KN-m
KN-m
KN-m

Axial force may be both compression or tension

comp
Fx1 =
0
KN tension

For compression
Fx
Fy
Fz
Mx
My
Mz

=
=
=
=
=
=

For tension
Fx
Fy
Fz
Mx
My
Mz

=
=
=
=
=
=

Fx1. cos a - Fz1 . sin a

Fy1
Fx1. sin a - Fz1. cos a
Mx1 + Mz1 . sin a
My1
Mz1. cos a

=
=
=
=
=
=

0.0
0
150.0
0.0
250
0.0

KN
KN
KN
KN-m
KN-m
KN-m

Fx1. cos a - Fz1 . sin a

Fy1
Fx1. sin a - Fz1. cos a
Mx1 + Mz1 . sin a
My1
Mz1. cos a

=
=
=
=
=
=

0.0
0
150.0
0.0
250
0.0

KN
KN
KN
KN-m
KN-m
KN-m

Connection Details
Connected beam details:

UB-914x305x253
Over all depth of section, d
Width of the section, b
Thickness of web, t w

=
=
=

Thickness of flange, t f

769.8
268
15.6

mm
mm
mm

25100
16.5

mm
mm

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

20
40
100
205
92
4
4

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

=
Grade 8.8
=
=

M16

Area
r
End Plate Details:

thickenss of end plate

Minimum edge distance
Maximum edge distance
pitch
gauge
no. of bolt columns
no. of bolt rows

t
p
g
nc
nr

Fy

25.4

355

mm

N/mm

Bolt Details

cl 6.3.1

Bolt size
Bolt Grade
Diameter of bolt
Hole diameter

cl 6.3.2

Tensile stress area

Shear Strength:

cl 6.3.4

Tensile Strength:

cl 6.3.3

Bearing Strength:

=
=

Dh

As

16
18

157
375

1000
560

mm
mm
mm

N/mm

N/mm

N/mm

References
Table 29-BS
5950-1

Check for arrangement of bolts

Minimum edge distance
=
1.4 x Dia of hole

Remarks

Minimum edge distance required

Cl 6.2.2.5 -BS Minimum Provided edge distance
5950-1
Maximum edge distance

=
=
=

25 mm
40 mm
40 mm +4t

Maximum edge distance

=40+4*20
Maximum Provided edge distance
Cl 6.2.1.1 -BS Minimum bolt spacing
=
2.5 x dia of bolt
5950-1
Minimum bolt spacing
=2.5*24
Minimum provided spacing
Cl 6.2.1.2 -BS Maximum spacing of bolt =
14 x t
5950-1
Maximum spacing of bolt
=14*20
Maximum provided spacing

=
=

120 mm
100 mm

Hence ok

=
=

60 mm
148 mm

Hence ok

=
=

280 mm
205 mm

Hence ok

Steel Grade:
Connected beam:

S355

Design Strength:
Web Strength:

Flange Strength:

355

345

N/mm
N/mm

2
2

Table 9
Table 9

Hence ok

Maximum Moment acting on the connection,Myy

250 kNm

Maximum Tensile force acting on the connection, T =M/(d-t f )

=250/((769.8-25.4)*0.001)
=
Maximum Compressive force acting on the connection, C =M/(d-t f )
=250/((769.8-25.4)*0.001)

B
es

=
=

268
38

e t2

65

e t1
nr

=
=

e b1 =
S
=
S2

13

(Number of bolt rows)

336 kN
336 kN

65
205

92

1 Tension forces in bolts

a) Tension/ Compression force in bolt due to axial loads
Tension in bolt due to axial load
=0/(4*2)
Compression in bolt due to axial load
=0/(4*2)

b) Tension force in individual group due to Moment My

Tension force in individual group =
Moment x Dist from the compression Zone

0.0 kN
0.0 kN

(Distance of individual group from compression Zone) 2

Tension Force in 1st group(B1)
= 222 kN
=250*1000*(3*205+65)/((65)^2+(65+205)^2+(65+2*205)^2+(65+
3*205)^2)

No of bolts in 1ST group

Tension Force in Single bolt`
Tension Force in 2nd group(B2)
Tension Force in 3rd group(B3)
Tension Force in 4th group(B4)

=
=
=222*(65+(4-2)*205)/(205*(4-1)+65) =
=222*(65+(4-3)*205)/(205*(4-1)+65) =
=222*(65+(4-4)*205)/(205*(4-1)+65) =

4
56
155
88
21

kN
kN
kN
kN

222kN
155kN
88kN
21kN
487kN

Lever arm = gauge length

Total tension force in bolt =

Tension due to axial force+ tension due to

My + Tension due to Mz
Max

Tension on 1

st

row

55.5 kN

Tension on 3

rd

row

22.1 kN

Tension on 2 nd row
Tension on 4 th row

Tension capacity of single M24 bolt

92 mm

Min

55.5

kN

22.1

kN

38.8 kN

38.8

5.3 kN

5.3

kN
kN

90 kN

2 End plate or Main beam plate bending or bolt yeilding

2
Py (t 16 mm)
=
355 N/mm
Py ( 16 mm)

2
345 N/mm

Connection Geometry

Thickness of Main beam end plate,Tc

Thickness of connecting beam end plate,tp
Width of main beam end plate,Bc
Thickness of main beam stiffner,tc
Bolt c/c distance,g
Thickness of connecting beam web tb
Leg length of flange weld s fw
Leg length of flange weld

s ww

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

20
20
280
20
92
16
6

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

6 mm

Assume
Assume

Main Beam end plate

g/2-t c /2-o.8r c
m =

23 mm

=
=
=
=

94
94
29
29

mm
mm
mm
mm

=
g/2-t b /2-o.8s ww
=92/2-16/2-0.8*6
=
33
B p /2-g/2
e
=
=280/2-92/2
=
94
n=Smallest of e (Main beam plate),e (end plate) or 1.25 x m (Main beam plate)
e (end plate)
=
94
1.25 x m
=1.25*33
=
42
n
=
42

mm
mm

B c /2-g/2

=92/2-20/2-0.8*16.5
=280/2-92/2

n = Minimum(e of main beam, e beam, 1.25x m of end plate)

Edge distance of main beam
Edge distance of connecting beam
1.25 x m of end plate
=1.25*23
n
Beam side

94 mm

Potential resistance of bolts in tension zone

The potential resistance in tension of the column flange or end plate is taken
as the minimum value obtained from the given three mode of failure

mm
mm
mm

Where Mp =Plastic moment capacity of the equivalent T-sub represnting

the column flange or end plate
Mp =
(L eff x t 2 x P y )/4
Where Leff= Effective length of yeild line in equivalent T-stub
Assume yeild lines in end plate due to tension forces are any of the
following cases.

2.1 Bolt Row - 1

2.1.1 Main beam side plate bending
Effective length of yeild line for end plate will be the min of following pattern
L eff = 2 m
=2*3.14*23
=
143 mm
L eff = 4m+1.25e
L eff = m1

=
L eff

Mp =

=4*23+1.2*94

(L eff x t x P y )/4

204 mm

143 mm

=2*3.14*33

(As per Fig 2.16 SCI)

2

210 mm

5083.03 kNmm

Critical mode of failure in the minimum of

P r = 4M p /m
mode 1
P r = (2Mp + nPt') /(m+n)
mode 2

=
=

892 kN
398 kN

mode 3, P r = P t '
=4*90
=
360 kN
Crtical failure force = 360 kN
and mode of failure is bolt failure with
flange yeilding
2.1.2 Main Beam stiffner tension
The potential resistance in tension of the web for a row or a group of bolt
rows is taken as
Pt = Lt xtw xPy
L t = Effective tensile length of web assuming a maximum spread at 60

from the bolts to the center of the web

tw-Thickness of the web under consideration
Lt = 2x(g/2-tc/2)*tan60
=2*(92/2-20/2)*TAN((3.14*60)/(180))
=
125 mm
Pt
=125*20*355/10^3
=
884
kN
2.1.3 Beam web tension
If the bolt group under consideration lies out side the web length of beam,
or if the flange of the beam lies with in the effective tensile length of
web, beam web tension does not apply.
Other wise
Pt = Lt xtw xPy
2.1.4 End plate Bending
Effective length of yeild line for end plate will the min of following pattern
L eff = 2 m
=
143 mm
L eff = 4m+1.25e
L eff = m1
L eff
Mp =
(L eff x t 2 x P y )/4
Critical mode of failure in the minimum of
Pr = 4M p /m
mode 1
mode 2

=
204
=
210
=
143
5083.03

=
=

mm
mm
mm
kNmm

892 kN
398 kN

Pr = (2Mp + nPt') /(m+n)

=398
mode 3, Pr = P t '
=4*90
=
360 kN
Crtical failure force = 360 kN
and mode of failure is bolt failure with flange
yeilding

2.2a Bolt-Row-2 alone

2.2a.1 Main beam side plate bending
The effective length of yeild line for column flange will the minimum of
L eff =2 m
=2*3.14*23
=
L eff =4m+1.25e

=4*23+1.25*94
Leffective
Mp =
(L eff x t 2 x P y )/4

=
=

143 mm

209 mm
143 mm

Grade of steel,Py
=
355
Plastic Moment capacity,Mp
=
5.E+03
Critical mode of failure in the minimum of
P r = 4M p /m
mode 1
=8.E+03*4/23
=
892
P r = (2Mp + nPt') /(m+n)
mode 2
=
398
=(2*5.E+03+29*4*90)/(23+29)
mode 3, P r = P t '
=4*90
=
360
Crtical failure force = 360 kN
and mode of failure is bolt failure with
flange yeilding
2.2a.2 Main Beam stiffner tension
The potential resistance in tension of the web for a row or a group of bolt
rows is taken as
Pt = Lt xtw xPy

N/mm 2
kNmm
kN
kN
kN

L t = Effective tensile length of web assuming a maximum spread at 60

from the bolts to the center of the web

tw-Thickness of the web under consideration
Lt = 2x(g/2-tc/2)*tan60
=2*(92/2-20/2)*TAN((3.14*60)/(180))
=
125 mm
Pt
=125*20*355/10^3
=
884.3 kN
2.2a.3 End plate Bending
The effective length of yeild line for column flange will the minimum of
L eff =2 m
=2*3.14*33
=
210 mm
L eff =4m+1.25e
=4*33+1.25*94
=
251 mm
Leffective
=
210 mm
Grade of steel,Py
Mp =
(L eff x t 2 x P y )/4

Critical mode of failure in the minimum of

P r = 4M p /m
mode 1
=9.E+03*4/33
mode 2

P r = (2Mp + nPt') /(m+n)

2
355 N/mm

9.E+03

kNmm

1067.55 kN

437 kN

=(2*9.E+03+42*4*90)/(33+42)
mode 3, P r = P t '
=4*90
=
360 kN
Crtical failure force = 360 kN
and mode of failure is bolt failure with flange
yeilding

2.2a.4 Beam web tension

If the bolt group under consideration lies out side the web length of beam,
beam web tension does not apply.
or if the flange of the beam lies with in the effective tensile length of
web, beam web tension does not apply.
The potential resistance for row 2 is min of sect(2.2a.1,2.2a.2,2.2a.3,2.2a.4)
pr2
=
360 kN
2.2b Rows 1+2 combinedly
need not be combined as per fig 2.14 SCI P2-07
2.3a Bolt-Row-3 only
2.3a.1 Main beam end plate bending
The effective length of yeild line for column flange will the minimum of
L eff =2 m
=2*3.14*23
=
L eff =4m+1.25e
Leffective

=4*23+1.25*94

Grade of steel,Py
Mp =
(L eff x t 2 x P y )/4

Critical mode of failure in the minimum of

P r = 4M p /m
mode 1
mode 2

P r = (2Mp + nPt') /(m+n)

143 mm

=
=

=
=

209 mm
143 mm

2
355 N/mm

5.E+03

kNmm

8.9.E+02

=
398 kN
=(2*5.E+03+29*4*90)/(23+29)
mode 3, P r = P t '
=4*90
=
360 kN
Crtical failure force = 360 kN
and mode of failure is bolt failure with
flange yeilding

kN

2.3a.2 Main beam stiffner tension

The potential resistance in tension of the web for a row or a group of bolt
rows is taken as
Pt = Lt xtw xPy
L t = Effective tensile length of web assuming a maximum spread at 60

from the bolts to the center of the web

tw-Thickness of the web under consideration
Lt = 2x(g/2-tc/2)*tan60
=2*(92/2-20/2)*TAN((3.14*60)/(180))
=
125 mm
Pt
=294*20*355/10^3
=
884.3 kN

2.3a.3 End Plate Bending

The effective length of yeild line for column flange will the minimum of
L eff =2 m
=2*3.14*33
=
L eff =4m+1.25e
Leffective

=4*33+1.25*94

Grade of steel,Py
Mp =
(L eff x t 2 x P y )/4

Critical mode of failure in the minimum of

P r = 4M p /m
mode 1
mode 2

=
=

251 mm
210 mm

2
355 N/mm

9.E+03

P r = (2Mp + nPt') /(m+n)

210 mm

kNmm

1067.55 kN

437 kN

=(2*9.E+03+42*4*90)/(33+42)
mode 3, P r = P t '
=4*90
=
360 kN
Crtical failure force = 360 kN
and mode of failure is bolt failure with
flange yeilding
2.3a.4 Beam web tension
The potential resistance in tension of the web for a row or a group of bolt
row is taken as
Pt = Lt xtw xPy

L t = Effective tensile length of web assuming a maximum spread at 60 from

the bolts to the center of the web

tw-Thickness of the web under consideration
Lt =
2x(g/2-tc/2)*tan60
=2*(92/2-16/2)*TAN((3.14*60)/(180))
=
132 mm
Pt
=129*16*355/10^3
=
732
kN
The potential resistance for row 3 is min of section(3.1.1,3.1.2,3.1.3,3.1.4)
pr3
=
360 kN
2.3b Bolt-Row-3 & 2 combined
2.3b.1 Main beam end plate bending
The effective length of yeild line for main beam end plate for bolt rows
will be consider the bolt row is not influenced by a stiffner or a free end.

Mp =

=2*(2*23+0.625*94+(205)/2)
(L eff x t 2 x P y )/4

Grade of steel,Py

Plastic Moment capacity,Mp

414 mm

2
355 N/mm

1.E+04

kNmm

Critical mode of failure in the minimum of

Mode -1 P r = 4M p /m

2577

kN

mode -2 P r = (2Mp + nPt') /(m+n)

=(2*2.E+04+45*4*90)/ (23+45)
=
773
P
=
P
'
mode 3,
=4*90
=
360.12
r
t
Critical failure forcefor Pr(1+2) =
360
kN and mode of failure is
bolt failure with flange yeilding
Pr for row 2 and 3 combinedly =Pr(2+3)-Pr2
=
0
kN

kN
kN

2.3b.2Main beam stiffner

The potential resistance in tension of the web for a row or a group of bolt
rows is taken as
Pt = Lt xtw xPy
L t = Effective tensile length of web assuming a maximum spread at 60

from the bolts to the center of the web

tw-Thickness of the web under consideration
Lt
= 2x(g/2-tc/2)*tan60+P

=2*(92/2-20/2)*TAN(60*3.14/180)+205
=330*20*355/10^3
Pt for row 2 and 3 combinedly=Pt(2+3)-Pt2
=2340-337

=
=

Pt

330 mm
2340
kN
1980

kN

2.3b.3 End plate Bending

L

effective

=4*33+1.25*94+92
Grade of steel,Py
Mp =
(L eff x t 2 x P y )/4

Critical mode of failure in the minimum of

Mode -1 P r = 4M p /m
=1.E+04*4/33
P
=
(2Mp
+
nPt')
/(m+n)
r
mode -2
P r = P t '

343
=

=(2*1.E+04+42*4*90)/(42+33)
=4*90

2
355 N/mm

1.E+04

kNmm

1459

kN

=
=

524
360.12

kN
kN

Crtical failure force = 360

kN and mode of failure is bolt failure with
flange yeilding
P r for row 2 and 3 combinedly=P t(2+3) -P t2
=

360

kN

2.3b.4 Beam web tension

Not applicable as per Fig 2.17,SCI 207 ( Stiffner beam flange is within the
limit of tensile length Lt)
The potential resistance for row(2+ 3) is min of section(3.2.1,3.2.2,3.2.3,3.2.4)
=
360 kN
Capacity of group 3 row bolts=Min(2+3),Min(3)
=
360 kN
2.4a Bolt-Row-4
2.4a.1 Main beam end plate bending
Same as calculated as Row 3 alone
Crtical failure force = 360 kN
and mode of failure is bolt failure with
flange yeilding
2.4a.2 Main beam stiffner tension
Same as calculated as Row 3 alone
Pt

884.3

kN

2.4a.3End Plate Bending

Same as calculated as Row 3 alone
Crtical failure force = 360 kN
and mode of failure is bolt failure with flange
yeilding
2.4a.4 Beam web tension
Same as calculated as Row 3 alone
Pt

360 kN

Pr4 ( 4th row alone )

360 kN

2.4b Bolt-Row-4 & Row-3

2.4b.1 Main beam end plate bending
Same as calculated as Row 3 &2
Crtical failure force = 360
flange yeilding
P r(4+3) - P r3 =

kN

2.4b.2 Main beam stiffner tension

Same as calculated as Row 3 &2
Pt
P r(4+3) - P r3 =

2.4b.3End Plate Bending

Same as calculated as Row 3 &2
Crtical failure force = 360
flange yeilding
P r(4+3) - P r3 =

and mode of failure is bolt failure with

=

2340

=
kN

kN

1980

and mode of failure is bolt failure with

=

kN

kN

kN

2.4b.4 Beam web tension

The potential resistance in tension of the web for a row or a group of bolt
rows is taken as
Pt = Lt xtw xPy
L t = Effective tensile length of web assuming a maximum spread at 60

from the bolts to the center of the web

tw-Thickness of the web under consideration
Lt
= 2x(g/2-t w /2)*tan60+P
Pt

=2*(92/2-16/2)*TAN(60*3.14/180)+205
=337*16*355/10^3

P t for row 2 and 3 combinedly=P t(2+3 )-P t2

=
=

337 mm
1867
kN

=1867-360

1507

kN

P r(4+3)

1867

kN

P r(4+3) - P r3

360 kN

Summary of Bolt resistance in tension single bolt

P r1
P r2
P r3
P r4

=
=
=
=

90
90
90
90

kN

F r1

56

kN

OK

kN

F r3

22

kN

OK

F r2

kN

F r4

kN

HENCE SAFE

=
=

39
5

kN
kN

OK
OK

SCI-P207
Step 2B

Compression Check - Beam-Beam Connection

Resistance of the beam flange and vertical stiffener in the compression zone
Beam Flange Crushing -(Connected Beam)
The potential resistance of the flange in compression is taken as:
Pc
Tb
Bc
= 1.4 x P yb x
x

P yb
Tb
Bc

=
=
=

355
25.4
268

Pc
=
3383
Total compression

Mpa
mm
mm

(2.9)

Design strength of the beam.

The beam flange thickness.
The beam flange breadth.

kN
(Axial compression x A flange /A g +Compression due to moment)
=
=0.0*(268*15.6/25100)+336
336
Beam Flange Crushing Check is OK
kN
End Plate 2
Connected Beam

Vertical Stiffener
Stiffener No. 1

End Plate 1

References
SCI-P207
Step 2A

Compression Check - Stiffener

Resistance of the vertical stiffener in the compression zone
Vertical Stiffener crushing- (bearing)
The resistance in the compression zone Pc is the lesser of (2.7) or (2.8) below:
Pc
tc
Py
=
(b 1 +n 2 ) x
x

b1

77.4

mm

n2

100

mm

tc
p yc
tp
Tc
r
Weld

=
=
=
=
=
=

20
355
20
20
0
6

mm
Mpa
mm
mm
mm
mm

Remarks

(2.7)

Stiff bearing length based on 45 dispersion.

through the end plate 1 from the edge of the welds.
Length obtained by 1:2.5 dispersion through the
end plate 2 .
Vertical stiffener thickness.
Design strength of the vertical stiffener.
End plate 1 thickness.
End plate 2 thickness.
Vertical stiffener root radius.
Fillet weld thickness.

P c =((77.4+100)*20*355)/1000
Pc
=
1260
kN
Vertical Stiffener buckling
The resistance in the compression zone Pc is the lesser of (2.7) or (2.8) below:
Pc
tc
Py
=
(b 1 +n 1 ) x
x

(2.8)

b1

77.4

mm

n1

759

mm

tc
pc

=
=

20
138

mm
Mpa

=
=

719
89.9

mm

Pc
Pc

Stiff bearing length based on 45 dispersion.

through the end plate 1 from the edge of the welds.
Length obtained by 1:2.5 dispersion through.
half depth of the Vertical stiffener.
Vertical stiffener thickness.
Compressive strength of the Vertical stiffener from.
BS 5950: Part 1Table 24(C) with =2.5d/t c .
Depth of vertical stiffener.

=((77.4+759)*20*138)/1000
=
2308
kN

The resistance in the compression zone Pc is the lesser of (2.7) or (2.8):

Pc
=
1260
kN
F ti

Fc

336

kN

Beam Flange Crushing Check is OK

Compression Stiffeners Weld Design:(Assume Full stength weld Grade 43 Steel)

Fc
L wL
Lw

=
336
kN
=
1438 mm
=
1438 mm
F weld =
0.23
KN/mm
USE Weld
6
mm
From weld capacity table
Capacity of
8 mm weld
Capacity of weld connection
D b1 =
W b1 =
T b1 =
t w1 =

769.8
268
25.4
15.6

mm
mm
mm
mm

Design Force for stiffener weld

Weldlength longitudnal
Effective weld length. (1.0 L wL + 1.25 L wt )
Force in mm per weld:
=
=

6=< Fillet wled <12

0.9 kN/mm
1337 kN
r b1
d b1
A

=
=

OK
16.5
686

25100

mm
mm
mm 2

4. Weld check between beam and end plate

k
=
1.25
Ff = Fv =
335.8 kN
Force on flange ( tension/ compression)
F W1 = Fy = 150.0 kN
Force on web (Shear in major axis)
F w2 = Fx t
0.0
kN
Tension on web
Weld length to resist force in flange
=
504.8 mm
Weld length to resist force in web
=
1438 mm
Capacity of
10 mm weld =
1.4 kN/mm
Capacity of weld connection to resist force on flange
=
712
Capacity of weld connection to resist force in web
=
2028

kN
kN

OK
OK

References
SCI-P207
Step 5

Design for Vertical shear on bolts

Design shear force should be less than :
nt
V =< n s
x P ss +
x

V
ns
nt
P ss

=
=
=
=

150
0
12
75

kN
no.
no.
kN

=
=
=

75
147
147

kN
kN
kN

P ts

141

kN

ps
As
Tc
tp
Pb

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

141
147
147
375
201
20
20
460

kN
kN
kN
Mpa
mm^2
mm
mm
Mpa

16

mm

Shear Capacity =

1692

Remarks
P ts

Design shear force.

Number of bolts not in the tension zone (shear zone).
Number of bolts in the tension zone.
Shear capacity of a single bolt in shear zone only.
which is the least of:
psA s
For Bolt shear.
dt p P b
For Bolt bearing on the endplate 1.
dT c P b
For Bolt bearing on the endplate 2.
Shear capacity of a single bolt in tension zone only.
which is the least of:
For Bolt shear.
dt p P b
For Bolt bearing on the endplate 1.
dT c P b
For Bolt bearing on the endplate 2.
Shear strength of the bolt.
Shear area of the bolt.
End Plate 2 thickness.
End plate 1 thickness.
Minimum value of bearing strength for either the bolt, p bb
or the connected parts, pbs
Diameter of bolt.
kN

Vertical shear Check is OK