i`B 181&184

CHAPTER 14

fufonkvksa dk ewY;kadu] ; izLrkoksa dk

lw=hdj.k rFkk vuqcU/k dk LFkkuu
EVALUATION OF TENDERS,
FORMULATION OF PURCHASE
PROPOSAL AND PLACEMENT OF
CONTRACT
foRrh; fufonkvksa dk ewY;kadu rFkk izfrBk&e

(Evaluation and Ranking of

Financial Bids)

14-17
1
vuqekfur@iz{ksfir (projected) vko;drkvksa rFkk vkiwfrZ dh krksaZ
ds vk/kkj ij fufonk esa vafdr ewY; ds leLr vak] fufonk dk vafre :i ls ewY; fudkyus
ds fy, kkfey fd;s tk;saxsA bl ewY;kadu ds nkSjku ykxw djksa o kqYdksa dks Hkh fufonk esa
vafdr ewY; esa lek;ksftr fd;k tk;sxkA blds vfrfjDr] ;fn ,sls fufonk vfHkys[k esa ,l,l-vkbZ-@ih-,l-;w- gsrq ewY;&ojh;rk rFkk@vFkok ;&ojh;rk dk mYys[k fd;k tkrk gS rks
,slh fufonkvksa dk ewY;kadu djrs le; mDr rF; dks Hkh /;ku esa j[kk tk;sxkA
2
;nk&dnk] tfVy ,oa egaxs midj.kksa] ekhujh vkfn dk ; djrs le; srk
laxBu] mPp xq.koRrk O;ogkj (high quality performance)] i;kZoj.k ds vuqdwy fokskrk;sa
(environmental friendly features)] pykus dh de ykxr (low running cost)] j[kj[kko
dh de ykxr (low maintenance cost) vkfn fcUnqvksa dks foksk egRo nsrs gSAa mDr gsrq]
fufonk vfHkys[k esa bl lEcU/k esa izklafxd fooj.k vafdr fd;s tk;saxs rFkk izLrkoksa ds
ewY;kadu ds nkSjku ,slh fokskrkvksa ds ykHk dks vkadus ds fy, viuk;s tkus okys rjhdksa dks
Hkh fufonk vfHkys[k esa LiV :i ls vafdr fd;k tk;sxk ftlls fufonkdrkZ bl fok; esa
voxr jgsa rFkk rnuqlkj vius izLrko izLrqr djsaA bl izdkj ds izLrkoksa dk ewY;kadu djrs
le; bu igyqvksa dk Hkh laKku fy;k tk;sxkA fufonk vfHkys[k esa vafdr fd;s tkus gsrq
,sls fooj.k] tgka vko;d le>s tk;sa] l{ke rduhdh vf/kdkjh }kjk ewY;kafdr fd;s tk;saxs
ftlls blesa dksbZ vLiVrk (ambiguity) rFkk@vFkok vfufprrk (vagueness) dh fLFkfr uk
jgsA

3
mijksDrkuqlkj] U;k;ksfpr vk/kkj ij mRrjnk;h (responsive) fufonkvksa dh
lEiw.kZ ewY;kadu izf;k lekIr djus ds mijkUr] izfrBk&e fooj.k (ranking statement)
esa vkjksgh&e (ascending order) esa ewY;kafdr dh xbZ dher ;Fkk ,y&1] ,y&2]
,y&3 vkfn ,oa vU; lEcfU/kr fooj.k vafdr fd;s tk;saxs ftlls muds izfrBk&e dh
lkQ rLohj lkeus vkus ds lkFk&lkFk ,d ut+j esa mudk rqyukRed foRrh; izHkko Hkh lkeus
vk ldsA
;fn vko;drkvksa ds lwphi= (schedule) esa ,d ls vf/kd lwph
(schedule) gS rks izR;sd lwph ds izLrkoksa dk ewY;kadu rFkk mUgsa izfrBk&e esa j[kus dk
dk;Z] mDr iafDr;ksa ds vk/kkj ij vkRefufgr rjhds ls (self contained manner)
vyx&vyx fd;k tk;sxkA ;fn dksbZ fufonkdrkZ] ,d ls vf/kd lwph ds vknsfkr fd;s tkus
ij foksk NwV dk izLrko izLrqr djrk gS rFkk ;fn ;g fufonk vfHkys[k ds fu;e o krksaZ ds
vuqlkj tk;t+ gS] rks blds lEcU/k esa izfrBk&e fooj.k (ranking statement) esa fVIi.kh
vafdr dh tk;sxhA
4

ewY;kadu esa dher@; vf/keku

(Price/Purchase preference in Evaluation)

14-18
foRrh; fufonkvksa dk ewY;kadu djrs le; v/;k; 3 ds iSjk 3-2 esa
mfYyf[kr fu;eksa ds vuqlkj ljdkj }kjk vf/klwfpr ewY; rFkk@vFkok ; ojh;rk rFkk fufonk
vfHkys[kksa esa of.kZr rF;ksa dk /;ku j[kk tk;sxkA

ewY; dh rdZlaxrrk

(Lack of Competition)

vuqcU/k dks U;wure ewY;kafdr mRrjnk;h fufonk (L-1) (lowest evaluated

responsive tender, L-1) ds i{k esa fn;s tkus ls iwoZ srk laxBu dks lqfufpr djuk
pkfg, fd tks ewY; fn;k tkuk gS] og rdZlaxr gSA ewY; dh rdZlaxrrk dks r; djus ds
fy, O;kid fnkkfunsZk fuEufyf[kr gSa &
14-19

mDr oLrq vFkok mldh vuqifLFkfr esa] leku oLrq dk fiNyk ; ewY;

mDr oLrq vFkok mldh vuqifLFkfr esa] leku oLrq dk orZeku cktkj ewY;

dPps eky dk ewY;] tks oLrq ds mRiknu esa tkrk gS

fofHkUu L=ksrksa ls izkIr izfrLi/khZ izLrko

ek=k] tks kkfey gks

vkiwfrZ dh krsaZ

vkiwfrZ dh vof/k

(quantity involved)

dher dk foysk.k lkexzh dh dher] fuekZ.k dh dher] vfrfjDr dk;Z]

ykHk dk ekftZu

uksV
%
vkikr fLFkfr esa ; djus vFkok fdlh fufonkdrkZ }kjk etcwju fch ds
varxZr izLrkfor dher ij oLrqvksa dk ; djus esa pqdkbZ xbZ dher mnkgjk.kkFkZ] tc
fufonkdrkZ vius vfrfjDr Hk.Mkj dks vR;f/kd fupyh dherksa ij csp dj] eky ys tkus dh
ykxr vkfn dks cpkrk gS dks Hkfo; ds fy, vk/kkj cukuk mfpr ugha gS (not accurate
guidelines for future use)A

ewY; dh rdZlaxrrk

(Price Not Reasonable)

14-20
;fn U;wure ewY; L-1 rdZlaxr ugha gS rks izFker%] srk laxBu dks Lo;a ds
MsVk (data) rFkk fooj.k dh leh{kk djds iqu% psd (check) djuk pkfg, fd tks rdZlaxr
dher fn[k jgh gS og lgh gS vFkok ughaA ;fn og lgh gS rks srk laxBu] ;fn pkgs rks]
n`<rk ls vioknLo:i] ek= U;wure ewY;kafdr mRrjnk;h fufonk (L-1) (lowest evaluated
responsive tender, L-1) ds lkFk mDr oLrq ds ewY; dks vkSj de djus dk iz;kl djus
ds fy, okrkZyki dj ldrk gSA
;fn L-1 ewY; dks okafNr rdZlaxr Lrj rd de djrk gS rks mlds i{k esa
vuqcU/k fn;k tk ldrk gS] ijarq ;fn og lger ugha gksrk gS rks srk laxBu }kjk xq.k&nksk
ds vk/kkj ij iqu% fufonk djus vkfn tSlh vxzrs j dk;Zokgh djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k tk ldrk
gSA

izfrLi/kkZ dk vHkko

(Lack of Competition)

14-21
dHkh&dHkh srk laxBu dks Ik;kZIr ek=k esa fufonk;sa izkIr ugha gksrha gSaA
,slh fLFkfr ogka Hkh mRiUu gks ldrh gS tgka] fufonkvksa dk foysk.k djus ds mijkUr] srk
laxBu ds ikl ek= ,d mRrjnk;h fufonkdrkZ (ends up with one responsive tenderer)
gh jg tk;sA ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa srk laxBu dks igys ;g ns[kuk (check) pkfg, fd
fufonk&i`PNk tkjh (while floating/issuing tender enquiry) djrs le; leLr t:jh
vko;drk;sa ;Fkk ekud ds vuq:i fufonk&i`PNk ifjfLFkfr;ka (standard tender enquiry
conditions)] m|ksx vuqdwy fofunsZk (industry friendly specifications)] O;kid izpkj
(wide publicity)] fufonk ds lw=hdj.k gsrq Ik;kZIr le; (sufficient time for
formulation of tenders)] ;ksX;rk ds ekun.M (qualification criteria) bR;kfn ifjiw.kZ
fd;s x;s Fks vFkok ughaA ;fn ugha] rks mDr deh dks lq/kkjrs gq, fufonk dks iqu% tkjh
(re-issue/re-float) fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

1
rFkkfi] ;fn leh{kk (scrutiny) ds Ikpkr ;g ik;k tk;s fd ,sls leLr
igyqvksa dk iwjk /;ku j[kk x;k gS] rFkk tks vuqcU/k fd;k tkuk gS mldk fufonk
ewY; :Ik;s 50 ipkl yk[k ls vf/kd ugha gS] rFkk
v

fufonkdrkZ }kjk izLrqr@m)`r

(assessed to be reasonable) gS;;
c
gS;;

fufonk fcuk&krZ

(quoted)

(unconditional)

dh xbZ nj ;Fkksfpr

ds gS rFkk lHkh ekeyksa esa iw.kZ

fufonkdrkZvksa ds e/; xqVcUnh dk dksbZ LiV lwpd (obvious

indicator) ugha gS] rks fufonk ewY;kadu lfefr] srk bdkbZ ls vxys
mPprj izkf/kdkjh dk vuqeksnu izkIr djus ds fy, ,d vkSfpR;iw.kZ fVIi.kh
rS;kj dj izLrqr djsxh ftuds }kjk ;g fu.kZ; fy;k tk;sxk fd ;k rks
,dy&fufonk dh eatwjh nh tk;s vFkok dkj.k nkkZrs gq, iqu% fufonk;sa
vkeaf=r dh tk;saA
l

2
vuqcU/k dk vuqekfur ewY;] :Ik;s 50 ipkl yk[k ls vf/kd gksus ijarq
:Ik;s 5 ikap djksM ls de gksus dh fLFkfr esa fufonk iqu% tkjh (re-float) dh
tk;sxh] rFkk ;fn srk laxBu ds ikl iqu% ek= ,d mRrjnk;h fufonkdrkZ gh jg
tkrk gS] rks mDr izf;kvksa dks lqfufpr djrs gq, vuqcU/k mDr fufonkdrkZ dks ns
fn;k tk;sxkA
3
vUr es]a vuqcU/k dk vuqekfur ewY; :Ik;s 5 ikap djksM ls vf/kd gksus
dh fLFkfr esa iqu% fufonk;sa vkeaf=r dh tk;saxha rFkk ;fn bl ckj Hkh ek= ,d
mRrjnk;h fufonkdrkZ gh jg tkrk gS] rks mijksDrkafdr vk/kkjksa ij vuqcU/k dks vafre
:Ik fn;k tk;sxk (contract may be finalized on the same basis as above)A
CkkrsZ fd] ;fn srk bdkbZ] ljdkj dk izkklfud foHkkx gS rks vxys mPprj
izkf/kdkjh dk vuqeksnu izkIr djuk vko;d ugha gSA

i`B 120&126
CHAPTER 11

ewY; ds rRo ,oa Hkqxrku dh krsaZ

(Elements Of Price And Terms Of
Payment)

ewY; ds rRo

(Elements of Price)

11-1
fufonkdrkZ }kjk m)`r dh xbZ nj&lwph esa lfEefyr ewY; ds rRo] vkiwfrZ dh
tkus okyh oLrqvksa dh izd`fr (nature) rFkk lqlaxr lsokvksa (allied services) ij] vkiwfrZdrkZ
ds LFkku (location) ij] iz;ksxdrkZ ds LFkku (location) ij] vkiwfrZ dh krksaZ (terms of
delivery) ij] kqYdksa rFkk djksa vkfn ds lEcU/k esa rRle; srk ,oa fosrk ds nsk esa
izpfyr fu;eksa (extant rules & regulations about taxes, duties etc) vkfn ij fuHkZj
djrs gSAa
11-2 1
Lonskh oLrqvksa dh fLFkfr esa] ewY; ds eq[; rRo] dPps eky dh dher]
mRiknu ykxr] vfrfjDr [kpsZ (overhead)] iSfdax rFkk QkWjofMZax O;; (packing &
forwarding charges)] ykHk dk vUrj (margin)] ikjxeu chek (transit insurance)]
,DlkbZt+ M~;wVh rFkk vU; ykxw kqYd o dj] gksrs gSaA
2
vk;kfrr oLrqvksa dh fLFkfr esa] mijksDrkuqlkj ewY; ds leku rRoksa ds
vfrfjDr ,DlkbZt+ M~;wVh rFkk djksa dks NksM dj] dLVe M~;wVh] bEiksVZ M~;wVh] ySf.Max rFkk
Dyh;fjax O;; rFkk Hkkjrh; ,ts.Vksa dk dehku] Hkh gks ldrs gSaA
blds vfrfjDr] oLrq dh izd`fr ds vk/kkj ij fd og Lonskh gS fd
vk;kfrr] vf/kBkiu rFkk lapkyu] vkWijsVj ds izfk{k.k vkfn dh dher ds rRo Hkh blesa gks
ldrs gSaA
11-3
11-3 fcUnq ls 11-8 fcUnq rd dksbZ [kkl rF; vafdr ugha gSa vr% bu
fcUnqvksa dks vHkh translate ugha fd;k gSA

?kjsyw lkeku ij kqYd o dj

(Duties and Taxes on Domestic Goods)

11-9
?kjsyw lkeku ij dj&;ksX; kqYd o njsa] ftlesa ,DlkbZt+ M~;wVh rFkk VAT
lfEefyr gSa] mRikn ds izdkj ds lkFk cnyrh (vary) jgrha gSaA lkekU; fl)kUr ds vuqlkj]
bl izdkj ds kqYd o njksa esa oS/kkfud cnyko (statutory variations) dh vuqefr] fufonk
dh frfFk ls fufonk ds Lohdkj djus dh frfFk dh vof/k ;Fkk vuqcU/k LFkkuu (placement
of contract) ,oa vuqcU/k ds ewy@iqu%&fufnZV vkiwfrZ ds le; dh vof/k ds chp ds le;
esa] nh tk;sxh ftlls nksuksa vkiwfrZdrkZ rFkk srk dks] oLrq ds ewY; esa o`f) vFkok deh ls
mDr oS/kkfud cnyko (statutory variations) ds dkj.k cjkcjh ls {kfriwfrZ feysA
uksV
%
iqu%&fufnZV vkiwfrZ ds le; dk eryc gS & vkiwfrZ dh u;h vof/k & tks
chrs le; dks n`fVxr j[krs gq, ewy vuqcU/kkRed vkiwfrZ vof/k esa fd;s x;s cnyko ds
dkj.k lkeus vkrh gS] ftlds fy, vkiwfrZdrkZ ftEesnkj ugha gS v/;k; 10 ds iSjk 10-17
dk lUnHkZ ysaA
11-10
fufonk i`PNk (tender enquiry) dh fLFkfr es]a fufonkdrkZ] tgka ykxw gks] dks
;g crk;k tkuk pkfg, fd og vius izLrko esa foksk :Ik ls bldk mYys[k djsa fd D;k og
m)`r dh tk jgh dher ds vfrfjDr (over and above the prices being quoted) kqYd
o njsa vafdr djuk pkgrs gSa\ fufonkdrkZ }kjk bl fok; esa dksbZ lwpuk uk fn;s tkus dh
voLFkk esa ;g ekuk tk;sxk fd m)`r dh xbZ dherksa esa gh bldk lekosk (the prices
quoted include these elements) fd;k x;k gS rFkk blds fy, Hkfo; esa] fufonk;sa [kqyus
ds Ipkr rFkk blls mRiUu gksus okys fdlh vuqcU/k ds izpyu (during the currency of
the resultant contract) ds nkSjku] fdlh nkos ij fopkj ugha fd;k tk;sxkA rFkkfi] ;fn
fufonkdrkZ viuh nj&lwph esa ;g vafdr djrk gS fd dherksa esa oS/kkfud kqYd o njsa
lfEefyr ugha gSa (exclusive of statutory duties and taxes) rFkk ;g vfrfjDr ds :Ik
esa ns; (will be payable extra) gSa] rks ,slh fLFkfr esa blls mRiUu gksus okys vuqcU/k
(resultant contract) esa bldk mYys[k LiV :Ik ls fd;k tk;sxkA dHkh&dHkh fufonkdrkZ]
viuh fufonk esa ;g vafdr djrs gSa fd mudh nj&lwph esa orZeku le; esa ykxw kqYd o
njksa dh x.kuk dh xbZ gS rFkk ,sls oS/kkfud cnyko (statutory variations)] vkiwfrZ ds
le; ij ;fn gksa] ykxw gksaxsA ;g fLFkfr Lohdkj&;ksX; gSA rFkkfi] fufonkdrkZ dh fufonk
ds lEcU/k esa fopkj djrs le; fufonkdrkZ }kjk mDr vof/k esa@gsrq m)`r fd;s x;s kqYd o
njksa dh kq)rk@;FkkFkZrk dks lR;kfir fd;k tkuk pkfg,A lkFk gh] ek= oS/kkfud cnyko
(statutory variations) dh gh vuqefr gS uk fd vU; fdlh izdkj ds cnykoA
uksV

vk;kr ds nkSjku fch ds ysu&nsu ij

Sales Tax/VAT

(not leviable on transactions of sale in the course of

vk;kr ds nkSjku fch ds ekeys lekfgr

course of import) gS]a fuEu izdkj gSa &

dj&;ksX; ugha gSa

import)A Jsf.k;ka] ftlesa

(categories of cases constituting sale in

1 tgka fonsk ls Hkkjr ds fy, oLrq dk xeu&vkxeu

ds ifj.kkeLo:Ik gh gqvk gksA

(movement)]

lh/ks ;

2 tgka fonskh vkiwfrZdrkZ rFkk srk foHkkx ds e/; vuqcU/k esa dksbZ Hksn@xqIr
voLFkk (privity) gksA
3 tgka Hkkjrh; vkiwfrZdrkZ] fch&vuqcU/k esa fonskh fuekZrk QeZ ds ,ts.V ds
:Ik esa dk;Z dj jgk gksA

?kjsyw bdkbZ;ksa ls dj olwyh

(Levies of Local Bodies)

foHkkxksa }kjk tkjh fd;s x;s vuqcU/kksa ds e esa vkiwfrZ (supplied against
contracts) dh xbZ oLrq;sa lkekU;r;k ?kjsyw bdkbZ;ksa dks djksa ls NwV (exempted from
levies of local bodies) iznku djrha gSAa
fufonk i`PNk vfHkys[kksa ,oa blls mRiUu gksus okys
vuqcU/k (resultant contract) esa ;Fkksfpr fnkkfunsZk vfHkfyf[kr djrs gq, blds fok; esa
vkiwfrZdrkZvksa dks crk;k tkuk pkfg,A tgka vko;drk gks] ogka vkiwfrZdrkZ ,sls djksa o kqYd
ds Hkqxrku ls ls cpus ds fy, srk foHkkx ls Exemption Certificate izkIr dj ldrk
gSA ;fn uxjikfydk vFkok vU; ?kjsyw bdkbZ;ka ,sls Hkqxrku djus ij t+ksj nsrha gSa srk
foHkkx }kjk Exemption Certificate fn;s tkus ds mijkUr Hkh] rks vkiwfrZdrkZ dks vkiwfrZ
esa nsjh ls cpus ds mn~ns; ls ;g Hkqxrku dj nsuk pkfg, rFkk bl izdj.k dks] Hkqxrku dh
jlhn ds lkFk srk foHkkx dks izfriwfrZ ds lkFk&lkFk] srk foHkkx }kjk bl fok; esa vxzsrj
vko;d dk;Zokgh gsrq vxzlkfjr dj nsuk pkfg,A
11-11

vk;kfrr lkeku ij dLVe M~;wVh

(Customs Duty on Imported Goods)

11-12
vk;kfrr lkeku ds fok; esa] fufonkdrkZ m)`r fd;s x;s ewY; esa dLVe
M~;wVh dk dqy ewY; vyx ls Hkh vafdr djasxs (shall also specify separately the total
amount of customs duty included in the quoted price)A fufonkdrkZ] mDr oLrq rFkk
rn~fok;d Indian Customs Tariff Number ij ykxw dLVe M~;wVh dh njksa dks Hkh
lgh&lgh nkkZ;saxsA tgka dLVe M~;wVh ns; gS ogka vuqcU/k esa ns; M~;wVh dh ek=k dks LiV
:Ik ls o LiV krksaZ ds lkFk vuqif.kZr (stipulate) fd;k tk;sA bl mn~ns; ds fy, iz;qDr
gksus okys ekud [k.Mksa dks fufonk i`PNk vfHkys[kksa esa lfEefyr fd;k tk;sxkA Hkkjr ljdkj
}kjk fuEukafdr laxBuksa ds iz;ksx gsrq fofkV izdkj dh oLrqvksa ds fy, dLVe M~;wVh ds
Hkqxrku ls NwV iznku dh xbZ gS &
1 vuqla/kku laLFkkuksa
midj.kksa dk vk;krA
2

(Research Institutes)

}kjk oSKkfud o rduhdh

ljdkjh vLirkyksa }kjk vLirky lEcU/kh midj.kA

lkoZtfud for&iksfkr vuqla/kku laLFkkuksa vFkok egkfo|ky;ksa (Research

Institutions or Universities) }kjk miHkksT; oLrqvksa (consumable stores) dk
vk;krA
3

11-13
rFkkfi] ,slh NwV dk ykHk izkIr djus ds fy, foHkkxksa ds fy, ;Fkksfpr le;
ij Customs Duty Exemption izek.ki= rFkk Not Manufactured in India
izek.ki= izLrqr djuk vko;d gSA bu fcUnqvksa dks lekfgr (covering) djus okys lqlaxr
lelkef;d (relevant contemporary) fnkkfunsZk] fufonk i`PNk vfHkys[k esa rFkk blls
mRiUu gksus okys vuqcU/k (resultant contract) esa lfEefyr fd;s tkus pkfg,A