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INTRODUCTION
2.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Wastewater.
Solid wastes, and
Air emissions,
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dry fibre and 10% water.) Other typical generation rates are:
particulate matter, 75150 kg/t; sulphur oxides, 0.530 kg/t;
nitrogen oxides, 13 kg/t; and volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), 15 kg/t from black liquor oxidation. In the
sulphitepulping process sulphur oxides are emitted at rates
ranging from 15 kg/t to over 30 kg/t. Other pulping processes
such as the mechanical and thermo mechanical
methodsgenerate significantly lower quantities of air
emissions. Steam- and electricity-generating units using coal
or fuel oil emit fly ash, sulphur oxides, and nitrogen oxides.
Coal burning can emit fly ash at the rate of 100 kg/t of
ADP.[9]
Table no.2Air Emissions from Pulp and Paper
Manufacturing on the basis of Pollution Prevention and
Abatement Handbook World Bank Group
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One of the major public concerns over the use of paper mill
sludge on agricultural land is the potential for heavy metal
contamination of water and plants. Contents of heavy metals
and organic toxic compounds in paper mill sludge are
generally low (Trpanieret al., 1996; Cabral et al.1998;
Demeyer and Verloo, 1999) and comparable to those found in
livestock manure (Bellamy et al.1995). Concentrations of
heavy metals in soil amended with paper mill bio solids or
plants grown in these soils have usually been below
established standards (Simardet al., 1998; Baziramakenga and
Simard 2001). However, our results shows that copper levels
in soil (estimated after crop harvest) after the application of
de-inking paper mill bio solids at 135 Mg ha-1 exceeded the
permissible limits (Goss and Rashid, 2004). These results
suggest that de-inking paper mill bio solids should not be
applied in heavy quantities as a single dose.
Table no.5Heavy metal concentrations in paper mill sludge
from different paper mills by (M.T. Rashid Soil & Environ.
25(2): 85-98, 2006)
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