UNIT 1 KINGDOMS 4th GRADE

THE ANIMAL, PLANT AND FUNGI KINGDOM

All living things carry out the three life processes of nutrition, interaction and
reproduction. We can classify living things into kingdoms.
THE ANIMAL, PLANT AND FUNGI KINGDOMS

THE PLANT KINGDOM can produce its own food but they cant move.

THE ANIMAL KINGDOM can move around and they eat other living things.

THE FUNGI KINGDOM. Fungi cant move and they eat the remains of living
things. Mushrooms, mould and

yeast are fungi.

There are two more kingdoms: MONERA and PROTOTIST

CELLS
All living things are made up of cells. They have different functions.
THE ANIMAL KINGDOM: INVERTEBRATES

MOLLUSCS: they have a soft, muscular body, often protected by a hard shell.
Snails live on land but mussels and octopuses live in the sea.

JELLYFISH: they live in the sea. They have a soft body called umbrella and
tentacles.

SPONGES: they live in the sea and have soft bodies covered with little holes.

ECHINODERMS: they live in the sea. They are protected with a hard skin or
spikes and are often brightly coloured.

ANNELIDS: some of them live in the sea. They have a long, soft body divided in
segments. Earthworms

ARTHROPODS: the biggest group is insects. They live in water, on land, in the air
and underground. They have a head, thorax and abdomen, jointed legs and a
protective exoskeleton

THE ANIMAL KINGDOM: VERTEBRATES

All vertebrate animals have a backbone, but how they breathe, what they eat, and
how they reproduce can be very different, even within a group.

Respiration: all animals need oxygen to live. Mammals, birds and reptiles breathe
with lungs. Fish use gills to get oxygen from the water. Amphibians have gills
when they are young and live in water and later develop lungs to live on land.

Reproduction: all mammals are born from their mother. They are viviparous and
produce milk to feed their babies. All other groups reproduce by laying eggs.
They are oviparous.

Nutrition: most vertebrate animals are omnivores or carnivores. Some mammals

and fish and a few birds are herbivores but reptiles and amphibians only eat
other animals.

FOOD CHAINS

PRODUCER: the plant makes its own food using the nutrients in the soil made by
the decomposers

CONSUMER: the rabbit eat the plant.

DECOMPOSER: when the animal dies, bacteria and fungi break down the remains
and turn them into nutrients.

THE PLANT KINGDOM

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION: the pollen goes from the stamens of one flower to
the pistil of a different, or the same flower. The pollen joins an ovule to make a
seed. This is called fertilisation. The pistil grows around the seed into a fruit.
The fruit falls to the ground and the seed grows into a new plant.
INSECT POLLINATION
WIND POLLINATION
SELF-POLLINATION

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION: there are no flowers or fertilisation.

PLANTS AND ANIMALS LIVE TOGETHER

Living things of the same species which live in the same place are called population.
All the different populations that live in the same place are a community.
The place they live is called a habitat.
The combination of a habitat and a community of living things is called ecosystem.