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Intelligentmicrogridenergymanagementsystem
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By:MahmoudKassas
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Asof:November29,201511:08:40AMAST
6,335words89matches43sources
Mode: SimilarityReport
papertext:
Summary(English):Globalwarmingand
climatechangeduetotherising
amount
ofthecarbongasintheatmospherehave
initiatedafastpaceoftechnologicaladvancesinrenewableenergyindustry.
20
20
Manycountriesaremovingtoward
cleanerenergysources
whichhave
madedistributedgeneration(DG)
from
35
renewableresourcesmoredesirable.
ThemicrogridconceptisasolutionproposedtocontroltheimpactofDG
onthe
29
conventional
grid.Microgridshavebecomeaverypopularresearchfieldbecausetheycovermanyaspectsofpowersystem
andpowerelectronicsfields.Theinterconnectedmicrogridsmaydominatethedistributionsystemwithhigh
penetrationofrenewableenergyandenergystoragesystem.Togetthebestofmicrogridoperation,theenergy
managementsystemstrategiesmustbedesignedcarefullyandefficiently.Thisprojectaimstodesignand
implementarealtimenovelintelligentmicrogridenergymanagementsystem(EMS).TheproposedintelligentEMS
willbeimplementedonarealtimephysicalmicrogridsystem.Theprojectentailsfourmainphases.Inthefirst
phasetheteamwillreviewthelatesttechnologicalassessmentofcentralizedpowerdemandandsupply
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managementinmicrogridswithrenewables,assessingthecostanalysisofrenewableenergybasedmicrogrids,
investigatingtechnologicalassessmentofmultiagentand
multiobjectiveintelligentenergymanagementforamicrogrid,
18
surveyingtheoptimalcontroltechniquesappliedtotheenergy.Inthesecondphase,theteamwillfocuson
modelingandsimulationofconventionalmicrogeneration(dieselunit),modelingandsimulationofsolarPV,fuel
cell,windturbineandenergystoragedevices,aggregationoftheindividualsystemcomponentsmodelsinamicro
gridsystemthensystemsimulations,developmentoftheintelligentenergymanagementsystemtooptimally
operatethemicrogridsystem.Inparalleltheteamwillfocusonprocurementofvarioussystemcomponents.The
thirdphaseoftheprojectwillbeoninstalling/testingthevariouspowerresources,loadsandenergystorage
devices,installingandtestingofsensorsandtheirconditioningcircuits,installingandtestingofallpowerelectronic
convertersforintegratingrenewablesourcestothegridsystem,testingofthecompleteintegratedsystem,
implementingthedevelopedintelligentenergymanagementsystem(EMS)onthemicrogrid.Thefourthphaseof
theprojectwillfocusonrunningnecessaryexperimentalworktovalidatetheproposedintelligentmicrogridEMS.
Theprojectoutcomewillbeacompletesystemprototype,whichentailsintelligentrealtimemicrogridenergy
managementsystem.Theprojectoutcomeswillservethenationalplangoalsintransferringnewtechnologytothe
Kingdomandtoutilizerenewableenergygenerationsinmoreefficientway.Inaddition,thedevelopedprototype
systemwillhelpbuildingresearchcapacityintheareaofapplicationofpowerelectronicbaseddevicesand
advancedcontroltechniquesforEMSsystems.Theprojectwillbecompletedwithin24calendarmonthsatatotal
costof1547400SaudiRiyals.Keywords:IntelligentControlsEnergyManagementMicrogrid,Renewable
Energy.Summary(Arabic):
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11547400.24..INTRODUCTIONModern
liferequirementsimposetheincreaseinenergyconsumption.Theclassicalenergyresourcesarenotrenewed.
Environmentallycleanandrenewableresourcesgainstrongattractionandpresentapracticalpromisingsolution.
Theuseofrenewableintegratedwiththeconventionalgenerationinthedistributionelectricalnetworkisbecomea
reality.
Amicrogridisanewconceptwhichreferstoasmallscalepowersystemwithaclusterof 15
loadsand
system,
distributedgenerators(DG)
operatingtogetherwithenergymanagement
controlprotectiondevicesandassociatedsoftware.
Microgridscanoperate
in
eithergridconnectedmodeorstandalonemode.
Ingridconnectedmode,themicrogrid
adjust
powerbalanceofsupplyanddemandby 9
purchasingpowerfrommaingridorsellingpowertomaingridtomaximize
operational
benefitsand
reducecost.Instandalonemode,themicrogridisseparatedfromtheupstreamdistributiongrid,andaimstokeep
areliablepowersupplytocustomers.Amicrogridusuallyrequiresanenergymanagementstrategyassigning
activeandreactivepowerreferences,andensuringcoordinationbetweenthecontrollableunitstoachievestable
andeconomicaloperation.Microgrid
energymanagementsystemEMSisthe
core
ofthe
17
microgridcontrolsystem.Itisresponsibleformicrogridoperationstatemonitoring,multisourcecoordinatedcontrol
andenergymanagement.Thisisinaccordancewiththeoptimalenergymanagementproblemsindifferentmodes,
differenttimings,spatialdistributionandmulticonstraintconditionsofmicrogrid.TheEMSsystemformicrogrid
withbatterystoragesystemismainlyusedtooptimizethe
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fuelcost,to
improve
theenergyutilizationefficiencyand
tomanage
the
peakloaddemandbyschedulingthegenerationaccordingtotheavailabilityofthefuel.Theenergymanagement
algorithmforgridconnectedhybridenergysystemhelpsintegrationofPVpanelsandwindpowerintothegrid
whichmanagethepeakloaddemand,andalsoitwillimprovethestabilityofthesystemunderdifferenttransient
conditionsbymaintainingthefrequencyandvoltageclosetothenominalvaluefordifferentload.Modeling,
analysis,andcontrolofdistributedpowersourcesandenergystoragedeviceswithMATLAB/Simulinkwillbeused,
andtheintegratedmonitoringEMSwillbeimplementedwithLabVIEW.Toimprovethelifecycleofthebattery,
fuzzycontrolmanagesthedesiredstateofcharge.ThesimulationofEMSsystem
usingfuzzylogicexpertsystem
willminimize
the
operating
costandemissionlevelofmicrogrid
byoptimalschedulingofpowergeneration,andmaintainsthestateofcharge(SOC)ofbatteriesindesiredvalue
whichimprovesthebatterylife.Themultiobjectiveintelligentenergymanagementsystemoffersapropertoolfor
improvingthesystemreliabilityandoperationalefficiencyofamicrogrid.Ourobjectiveinthisprojectistodevelop
arealtimeintelligentenergymanagementsystemformicrogridwithhighdegreeofstabilityandwithfastresponse
followingsuddenchangeinenvironmentalconditions.TheoutcomeisanintegratedsmartmicrogridEMSsystem.
Thisproductissupposedto
minimizetheoperationcost
from
the
available
energy
43
generationsatanyenvironmentalconditions.Thiswillcontributetotherobustnessoftherenewableenergy
generation.ThisisinalignmentwiththeKingdomStrategicPrioritiesforEnergyTechnologyProgramunder
RenewableEnergyGenerationtrack.2.PROJECTOBJECTIVESThefirstperiodoftheprojectwillbedevotedto
conducttechnologyassessmentandextensiveliteraturesurvey.Thefocuswillbeonthedifferentappliedcontrol
techniquestoenergymanagementsystemtoreachthisobjective.Thefollowingperiodwillproceedwiththe
buildupofthesimulationmodelsformicrogeneration,solar,windenergy,fuelcell,andenergystorage.The
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intelligentcontrolofenergymanagementsystemisNeuralNetworkorFuzzyNeurocontrolmodule.Thedeveloped
intelligentmodulewillbeaccommodatedintheconstructedLABVIEWengineand/ormicrocontroller.The
subsequentperiodwillbeforinstallingandintegratingthemicrogridmoduleandtheintelligentenergymanagement
system.Followingthesystemintegrationcomesthesystemtestingandvalidationforfunctionalityandaccuracyin
allpossiblescenarios.Oncethecontroldesignisprovensuccessfully,therealtimeintelligentenergymanagement
systemwillbecompiledandmadeexecutable.Theexecutableengineissupposedtobeanintegrated,intelligent
andindependentformicrogrid.Thelistofobjectivesmaybesummarizedasfollows:1.Surveyingstateoftheart
forenergymanagementsystem,EMS.2.CreatingmodulesforMicrogeneration,Solar,Fuelcell,Windenergy,
andEnergystoragedevices.3.Developingamicrogridsystemmodelthroughintegrationofvariousconventional&
renewableresources.4.Designofanintelligentenergymanagementsystem(EMS)fortheproposedmicrogridin
ordertoachieveoptimalenergygenerationcostswhileenhancingthesystemreliability.5.Implementationofthe
proposedEMSinordertoachieveintegratedmonitoring&controlofenergyamongvariouspowersources,loads,
andstoragedevices.6.ExperimentalinvestigationandperformanceevaluationoftheproposedintelligentEMS.3.
LITERATUREREVIEWResearchandtechnologydevelopmentinrenewableenergyresourcesandsmartgridshas
becomeoneofthemajorresearchareas.Nowadays,government,academia,andindustrialsectorsareinvestinga
greatdealoftimeandmoneytopromoteeconomicalandefficientequipmentinrenewableenergysystems.One
maincharacteristicofthesmartgridsistheintegrationoftheDGs,especiallyrenewableresourcessuchaswind
andsolarenergy.Therefore,thesmartgridshouldbemoreflexibletoaccommodatethestochasticnatureofthe
renewableresources.Thefutureofthepowerdistributionsideiscommonlyrefereedasmicrogrid.
Themicrogridcanbe
defined
asa
lowvoltage
distributionnetwork
26
thatdeliverspowertosmallcommunitiesand
canoperateinparallelwiththeutilitygrid
or
as
19
standalonesystem.Themaincharacteristicsofthemicrogridsare:therenewableenergyresources,bidirectional
energyflows,selfhealing,anddemandsidemanagement(DSM).Whilerenewableenergiescanprovidemore
sustainedpowerandrelieveseveralenvironmentalconcerns,theymayalsoharmthequalityandreliabilityofthe
gridduetotheiruncertaingeneratedpower.
Energystoragecansupplymoreflexibilityandbalancingtothegrid,providingabackup 12
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tointermittentrenewableenergy.Locally,itcanimprovethemanagementofdistributionnetworks,
reducingcostsandimprovingefficiency.
The
generalarchitectureofamicrogridenergymanagementsystem(EMS)basedonmulti
agentsystem(MAS)technologies
proposedin[1].Authorswereemphasisondescribingthe
implementationofasecondarycontrolsystembasedonthemicrogridEMSarchitecture
developed
andtestingthecontrolsystemonthe
actualmicrogridinordertoassessitsperformanceand
capability.Energymanagementsysteminmicrogridoperationwasoverviewedin[2].Authorsshowedthe
importantcomponentsandfactorsinvolvingtheenergymanagementsystem.Overviewoftheproposedprimary,
secondary,andtertiarycontrolweredescribed.Challengesandopportunitieswereexploredinthepaper.Energy
managementsystemforastandalonedroopcontrolledmicrogridensuringstableoperationandminimizingfuel
consumptionwerepresentedin[3].Theyoptimizedgeneratoroutputsthroughadjustmentstodroopcharacteristics.
Experimentalresultswereillustratedtodemonstrateitsproposedmechanism.
Anoveldoublelayercoordinatedcontrolapproachfor
isproposedin
[4],
microgrid
energymanagement
21
whichconsistsoftwolayers:theschedulelayerandthedispatch
layer.
Theapproachallowsthemicrogridtooperateeconomically,safely,andstablebymaximizingrevenuesaccording
toDGbidsandmarketpriceingridconnectedmodemaximizingsatisfactionrateswithminimumoperatingcostin
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standaloneoptimizingmicrogridperformanceandmakingthebestuseofintermittentpowerresourcesbasedon
forecastingdataoptimizingpowerflowandregulatingvoltageindispatchlayerbasedonrealtimedataand
coordinatingthetwolayersinteracttoachieveeconomicandstabilityobjectives.
Energymanagementinamicrogridwithdistributedenergyresources
37
wasinvestigatedin[5].TheoperationofstandaloneMG,agridtiedMG,andaMGnetworkissimulatedwithusing
multiagentinfrastructurebasedonweightingfactorsanddynamicelectricityprice.Theyshowedsomesignificant
effectsofservicequalityandoverallperformanceindexesbetweendifferentconnectedMGsystems.The
deterministenergymanagementsystemforamicrogrid,
including
advancedPV
generatorswithembeddedstorageunitsandagasmicroturbine
wasproposedin[6].The
aggregationandimplementationofthese
determinist
businesscustomersinamicrogridpowersystem
were
energymanagementmethodsfor
presented.
Thesystemisorganizedand
implementedintwoparts:acentralenergymanagementofthemicrogridandalocal
managementatthecustomerside.
Economicanalysisandoptimalenergymanagementmodelsformicrogridsystems
werepresented
19
in
[7]as
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casestudyin
Taiwan.In
thisstudy,the
19
energymanagementmodelisusedtodetermineoptimaloperatingstrategieswithmaximumprofitsforamicrogrid
system.Sensitivityanalysesofinvestmentinstoragecapacityandgrowthinelectricitydemandwereconducted
forthemicrogridmodel.Theresultsshowedthat
appropriatebatterycapacityshouldbedeterminedonthebasisofbothbatteryefficiency
27
andpowersupply.
Costanalysisofrenewableenergybasedmicrogridsforruralenergymanagement
33
wasexploredin[8].Thestudyinvolvesanalysingfeasibilityofwind,PV,andbiomassasrenewablesourcesfor
generatingpowerinvariouslocationsinUSAandprovidesdecisionstrategiesforachievingsustainableenergy
managementsolution.Thefindingsindicatethatthegridtiedsystemsaremuchmorecosteffectiveandfeasible
whencomparedtooffgridsystemduetouseofbatterystorageforbackuppowerincaseofemergenciesorfault
intheprimarysystem.Also,theauthorsrecommendparallelmodelofgrowthinenergysectorisessentialwhen
comparedtoseriesmodel.Applicationofmicrogridenergymanagementsystembasedonfourdimensionalenergy
managementspacewasstudiedin[9].Thehardwaresystemisbuiltbythedesignoftheelectricalstructureand
controlstructure.Theinteractionbetweenthehardwaresystemsistheplatformofthesoftwaresystem.The
developmentoftheenergymanagementsystembasedonfourdimensionalenergymanagementspaceisto
realizethe
shorttermpowerbalanceandlongtermenergymanagement
managementstrategy
system.
The
energy
17
of
windPVstorageforislandedmicrogridbasedonhybridstoragedevicewasproposedin[10].Thecoordination
operationmodebetweenlithiumbatteriesandsupercapacitorswaselaboratedinthestrategycombinedwith
generationanddemandsidemanagement.Authorsshowedbatteries,consideredlongtermsolution,cansmooth
thesystemoutputaccordingtooperationplanwhichdependsonrenewableenergypowerpredictionandload
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forecast.Thesupercapacitorswereresponsibleforshorttermadjustmentandincludingrealtimepowerbalance
andfrequencycontrol.Olivaresandhiscoauthorspresentedamathematicalmodelofthemicrogridenergy
managementproblem
inacentralizedenergymanagementsystem(EMS)forisolated
microgrids.
The
22
energymanagementproblemwas
decomposedintounitcommitmentandoptimalpowerflow
22
problem.TheproposedEMSincluded
voltagelimitsand
procuresfor
reactivepowersupport.
22
Theauthorsalsopresentedthemodelfinetuningandperformanceevaluation[11],[12].
Afuzzylogicenergymanagementsystem(FLEMS)foranautonomous
16
polygenerationmicrogrid
wasdesignedandtestedthroughsimulation.
16
InitiallyanON/OFFapproachtothemanagementandcontrolofthedeviceswasadopted. 16
TheperformanceofthepresentedFLEMSwascomparedwiththeON/OFFapproachtoshowabetterutilizationof
theavailableenergyinthesysteminfavourtotheFLEMS[13].TheprinciplesofenergymanagementintheDC
busweredescribedandtheflowchartofDCbusenergymanagementwaspresented.Theprinciplesareintegrated
withthebatterymanagementsystem.ThereisaneedforcurrentsensorsoneachDCfeederandbidirectional
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DC/DCconverterswithadjustablevoltagelevelinthefeederside[14].
Acompositeenergystoragesystemthatcontainsbothhighenergydensitystoragebattery 8
andhighpowerdensitystorage
ultracapacitorwasproposed.Thepresented
powerconverterconfigurationandtheenergymanagementschemecanactivelydistribute
thepowerdemandamongthedifferentenergystorages
[15].Ezhilarasanandhiscoauthorsworkproposeanenergymanagementsystem(EMS)withfuzzylogic
controllerforagridconnectedhybridpowersystem.TheobjectiveofproposedEMSformicrogridwithbattery
storagesystemistooptimizethe
fuelcostto
improve
theenergyutilizationefficiencyand
tomanage
the
peakloaddemandbyschedulingthegenerationaccordingtotheavailabilityofthefuel.Theproposedmulti
objectiveintelligentenergymanagementsystemreachedminimumcostandminimumemissionlevelvia
schedulingofpowergenerationandbycontrollingthestateofchargeofbatteries[16].The
designandimplementationof
a
an
energymanagementsystemwithfuzzycontrolfor
31
dc
microgridsystemwasreached,modeled,analyzedandcontrolled.Toimprovethelifecycleofthebattery,fuzzy
controlmanagesthedesiredstateofcharge[17].Toachievetheoptimizationofan
energymanagementsystemfor
dcmicrogrid,
system
40
fuzzycontrolsystemwasmodeledanddesigned.Thesystemhasachievedpowerequilibrium,andthebattery
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stateofchargesucceededtomaintainthedesiredvaluethroughthecontrolrulesforadcmicrogrid[18].The
realandreactivepowermanagementstrategies
25
areaddressedinthecontextofamultipleDistributedGenerationinamicrogridsystem.A
Realtime,flexible,intelligentandsystemlevelDGoperationcontrolis
25
used.Energystoragesystemstateofchargecontrolmethodisproposedforbettercompensation[19].Thepower
demandandsupplymanagementschemeispresentedbasedonthreeparts.First,thedevelopeduncertainty
modelfortherandomnessofrenewableenergygenerationissettofluctuatearoundthereferencedistribution.
Second,theoptimizationisformulatedtominimizethepowerconsumptionandgenerationschedulingforminimum
fuelcost.Finally,
atwostage
prime
optimizationapproach
isproposedto
transformandthen
solvethe
problem
[20].An
energymanagementsystemforrenewablebasedmicrogridis
presentedin[21].
The
14
unitcommitmentwitharollinghorizon(UCRH)isusedtominimizethe
operationalcost,consideringtheforecastofrenewableresources,loadandwater
consumption.
The
averageoperationalcosts
ofthe
microgrid
14
that
consistsofPV,DieselandenergystoragesystemusingtheUCRHarereducedforcertaindemandandirradiance
profilesincomparisonwiththestandardUC.The
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objectivefunctionofthe
EMSin[21]
istominimizethe
operationscost
ofthe
17
microgrid.Themixedintegerprograming
(MIP)optimizationproblem
was
solvedusingthecommercialpackageCPLEX.
14
TheMIPisalsousedin[22]tomodeltheschedulingoptimizationproblemofamicrogrid.
Amathematicalmodel
amicrogrid
wasdeveloped
tocomputetheoptimaloperationschedule
of 36
that
incorporatesdistributedgeneration,transferableanduseractionloads,anddistributedstorages.Reference[23]
presentsamathematicalmodelfortheenergymanagementproblemofamicrogrid,whichcouldbeusedforthe
connectedorislandMGoperationmode.ThemodelconsidersamicrogridwithMTs,SOFCs,criticalloaddemand,
CLDs,RLDs,batteries,andphotovoltaicandwindgenerators.Theproposedmodelalsoconsidersadetailed
representationofcritical,reschedulableandcurtailableloads,whichareimportantaspectsintheMGconcept.Two
energymanagementproblemswithuncertainconstraintsarestudiedin[24]inthecontextofgridconnected
microgrids.Thechanceconstrainedprogramming(CCP)approachisusedtosolvetwoenergymanagement
problemsthatinvolveprobabilisticboundsonthemagnitudeofthemicrogridpoweroutputandthepowercapacity
ofamicrogrid.In[25],anapproximate
dynamicprogramming(ADP)
technique
isusedtosolvethemicrogrid
energymanagementoptimizationproblem.Themicrogridin[25]consistsof
windturbine,chillerplant,thermalstorageandcoolingload.
38
ThreeapproximationarchitectureswereusedtoimprovetheEventhoughthecomputationaltimeoftheADP.
Reference[26]developed
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ageneralizedformulationformicrogridenergymanagement
usingartificialintelligencetechniques.Theobjectiveofthemodel
istominimizetheoperatingcostsaswellasthereductionofenvironmentalimpactlevel
ofthemicrogrid.
Afuzzylogicexpertsystemisusedforbatteryscheduling
and
the
resultsshowsthatthebatterymaintenancecostisdecreasedduetoextensionoftheoperationlifetime.Optimal
controltechniqueshavealsobeenapplied
totheenergymanagement
problems
in
microgrid.
Severalresearchershaveformulatedthe
energymanagement
strategy
inamicrogridas
anonlinearoptimizationproblem.Thentheproblemissolvedeitherinacentralizedmannerorinadistributed
approach.Centralizedsolutionrequireshighcomputationalcapabilitiesatthemicrogridcentralcontrollerandalso
infringesthecustomerprivacy.Ontheotherhand,theexistingdistributedapproachesmakeanassumptionthatall
thegenerationsandloadsareconnectedtoonebusandignoretheunderlyingpowerdistributionnetworkandthe
associatedpowerflowsandsystemoperationalconstraints.Thesealgorithmsproducegenerationandload
schedulesthatmightviolatetheconstraintsthusdisablingtheirpracticalfeasibility.Theauthorsin[27]and[28]
haveproposedadistributedenergymanagementstrategyforamicrogridconsideringthedistributionnetworkflows
andtheassociatedconstraints.DistributedEMSdesignedin[27]producesandoptimalschedulebycoordination
betweenmicrogridcentralcontrollerandthelocalcontrollers.Theproposedtechniquehasbeenappliedtoareal
microgridofGuangdongProvince,China.Themicrogridconsistedofphotovoltaic,windturbines,dieselgenerators,
andabatteryenergystoragesystem.TheproposedEMStechniqueshowedeffectiveresults
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inbothgridconnectedandislandedmode
of
microgrid
26
operation.Fasterconvergenceofthealgorithmhasalsobeenseeninthework.Arashandhiscoauthorsin[29],
presented
acoordinatedandmultivariableenergymanagementstrategy
13
forastandalone
DCmicrogrid
consisting
ofawindturbine,a
photovoltaicarrayand
battery
39
branches.Thealgorithmwasbasedon
adjustingthepitchangleandtheswitchingdutycycles.
13
Onlinenonlinearmodelpredictivecontrol(NMPC)algorithmwasimplemented
torealize
the
constantcurrentconstantvoltage
battery
chargingregime.The
13
algorithmachievedsignificantresultsintermsof
voltagelevelregulation,proportionalpowersharing,and
Realtime
control
andenergymanagement
of
battery
adcmicrogrid
management.
13
consistingof
34
hybridenergysources
withvariousloadingschemeshasbeeninvestigatedin[30].Themicrogridiscomposedofasupercapacitorbank,
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apowerbuffer,andapulseload.Thepresenceofheavypulseloadhascausedhighpowerdissipationandvoltage
drop.Toovercometheadverseeffectsofthepulseload,theauthorsproposedanenergymanagementsystem
withanadaptiveenergycalculator(AEC)basedonthemovingaveragemeasurementtechnique.Hardwareand
experimentalvalidationswerealsoimplemented.Comparisonwithotherclassicalapproachessuchasdirect
voltagecontrolandcontinuouscurrentaveragingwerealsodiscussed.Theauthorsinreference[31]demonstrated
improvedsustainabilitythroughtheminimizationofcarbonemissionsandatreducingproductioncostsand
maximizingquality.Amultiobjectiveoptimizationproblemovera24hourintervalwassolvedconsideringthe
uncertaintiesassociatedtoweatherconditionsandloadprofiles.Thesystemdevelopedwasaplanningand
executionsschedulerthatallowsthecentralcontroller
tomonitortheexecutionofa
scheduling
plan,interruptthemonitoringtoinputnew
23
informationandrepairtheplanunderexecution
everytimeinterval.Reactivepowermanagement
inamicrogrid
consistingof
highpenetrationofsinglephaseinductionmotors
(SPIM)waspresentedbyZhaoin[32].Theinherentslowvoltagerecoveryprocesswasenhancedbydeveloping
analgorithmtomanagethe
reactivepowergenerationof
electronically
Alinearprogrammingproblem
was
interfaceddistributedgenerators.
formulated
byconsidering
the
conceptofsensitivityfactorsforoptimalreactivepowersharinginordertoregulate
voltagesatweakloadbuses.The
algorithmhasbeentested
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ona
microgrid
testbedevolvedfromIEEEstandard13bustestfeeder.
OptimaldispatchstrategyforamicrogridcomposedofrenewablesthroughbatterypricingwasproposedbySoheil
in[33].Minimalmodellingeffortwithregardstouncertaintiesandemphasizeonbatterypricingusingrealized
profilesofdemandandPVgenerationisseeninthiswork.Optimalcontrolsolutionwasachievedthrough
simplifieddefinedbatteryshadowpricecalculationstherebyavoidingstateconstraints.Theauthorsinreference
[34]proposedan
optimalenergymanagementforcooperativemicrogrids
consistingof
renewableenergy 2
resources.
The
energyexchangeamong
these
connected
fluctuationsofstochasticsourcesanddemands.
microgridswas
allowedtoexploitthe
Theauthorsdeveloped
amultiobjective
function
toachieveanefficient
tradeoff
betweenlowoperationcostandgoodenergyservicefor 2
customers.
scenariobasedtwo
dealwiththe
state
stochasticoptimizationapproach
uncertainnature
of
renewables.Optimal
hasbeendeveloped
to
energy
managementthroughsequentialcoordinatedoperationsforacooperativemultimicrogridwasdiscussedin[35]
.Thesesequentialoperationsdistributecomputationalburdenandtherebyeaseoptimal24hourenergy
management.
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Optimalenergymanagementofaruralmicrogridsystem
11
hasbeenproposedinreference[36].Theauthorsconsidered
acombinedcooling,heatingandpowermicrogridmodel
inorder
toimprovesystem
11
efficiencyofenergyutilizationandlessenenvironmentalproblems.
Theapproachwasbasedonmultiobjectiveoptimization.Maximizationof
energyoutputfromdistributedenergyresourcesand
minimizationof
daily
11
operationcostswerethemaingoalsachievedinthiswork.
AnovelenergymanagementsystembasedontheapplicationofNeuralNetworks
was
30
proposed
byCelliandhiscoauthorsinreference[37].ThedevelopedEMSautonomouslymakesdecisionstodeterminethe
hourbyhourcorrectdispatchofgeneratorswiththegoal
globalenergycosts.
beingminimization
of
32
The
testsystemconsistedof15kVMVringstructuredmicrogridwhichisbeingoperatedinradialmode.Theauthors
haveshownthattheproposedtechniqueachievedsignificantsavingsintheglobalenergybill(approximately15
%).Theauthorsin[38]and[39]proposeda
distributedeconomicdispatchforamicrogridwithrenewable
energy
penetrationand
demandsidemanagementoperatinginthegridconnectedmode.
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powerschedulingapproachinvolvingtheactualrenewableenergyaswellastheenergy
tradedwiththemaingrid
inorder
toaddressthechallengeof
intrinsic
stochasticavailabilityofrenewablesources.
Thedevelopedstrategyminimizedthemicrogrid
netcost,whichincludes
of
dispatchableload
distributedgeneration
and
andworstcasetransactioncost.
distributedstorage
costs,utility
4.DESCRIPTIONOF
28
THE
PROPOSEDWORKSaudiArabiaisextendedoveralargeareawithmanyvillagesandsmalltownsscattered
aroundthecountry.Thewholecountryisexposedtohighsunirradiationlevelmostofthetimeoftheyear.These
villagesandsmalltownsneedsourceofelectricitywhichmaybecomeverytechnicallydifficultandexpensiveto
theutilitycompanytosupplytheseareas.Microgridisconsideredasanexcellentalternativecandidatefor
generatingelectricityusingrenewableenergysources,alongwiththeuseofenergystoragedevices,and
distributiongenerators.Theproposedresearchworkistodevelopandimplementarealtimeintelligentenergy
managementsystemformicrogrid.Thereareseveralstepsthatwillbetakentoachievetheobjectivesofthe
proposedproject:?CreatingmodulesforMicrogeneration,Solar,Fuelcell,Windenergy,andEnergystorage
devices.?Developingamicrogridsystemmodelthroughintegrationofvariousconventional&renewable
resources.?Designofanintelligentenergymanagementsystem(EMS)fortheproposedmicrogridinorderto
achieveoptimalenergygenerationcostswhileenhancingthesystemreliability.?Implementationoftheproposed
EMSinordertoachieveintegratedmonitoring&controlofenergyamongvariouspowersources,loads,and
storagedevices.?ExperimentalinvestigationandperformanceevaluationoftheproposedintelligentEMS.4.1
Approach,tasksandphases:FormRED12:
APPROACHUTILIZEDFORACHIEVINGOBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVES1.
APPROACHOF 10
ACHIEVINGTHEOBJECTIVE
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Technologyassessmentandextensiveliteraturesurvey2.Buildingthesimulationmodelsforvariouspower
sourcessuchasconventionalmicrogeneration,solar,fuelcell,windenergyandenergystoragedevices.3.
Aggregationoftheindividualsystemcomponentsmodelsformicrogridsysteminvestigativesimulations.4.
Developanintelligentenergymanagementsystemtooperatethemicrogridsystem.Anoptimizationproblemwill
bealsosolvedwherethe
objectivefunctionisto
optimize
theoperationalcost
andincrease
the
42
reliabilityofthesystem.5.ImplementationofthedevelopedEMSbasedonthesimulationscenariosformonitoring
&controlofenergyamongvariouspowersources,loads,andstoragedevices.6.Testingandvalidatingthe
performanceofthedevelopedintelligentEMSsystemfunctionalityovertheintegratedgridsystem.7.Compiling
andproducinganintegrated,intelligentandindependentexecutableEMSengineforrealtimeapplication.FormRE
D13:
MAPPINGOFPHASESANDTASKSTOACHIEVEOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESPHASES
10
TASKS1
TechnologyAssessment?Investigatingtechnologicalassessmentofcentralizedpowerdemandandsupply
managementinmicrogridswithrenewables.?Assessingthecostanalysisofrenewableenergybasedmicrogrids.
?Investigatingtechnologicalassessmentofmultiagentandmultiobjectiveintelligentenergymanagementfora
microgrid.?Surveyingtheoptimalcontroltechniquesappliedtotheenergy2,3,4Systemmodellingsimulation
anddevelopment.?Modelingandsimulationofconventionalmicrogeneration(DieselUnit)?Modelingand
simulationofsolarPV,fuelcell,windturbineandenergystoragedevices?Aggregationoftheindividualsystem
componentsmodelsinamicrogridsystemthensystemsimulations.?Developmentoftheintelligentenergy
managementsystemtooptimallyoperatethemicrogridsystem.5,6Systemimplementationandtesting?
Procurementofvarioussystemcomponents.?Installing/Testingthevariouspowerresources,loadsandenergy
storagedevices.?Installingandtestingofsensorsandtheirconditioningcircuits.?Designing/Installingand
testingofallDCDCconvertersandpowerelectronicbasedinvertersforintegratingrenewablesourcestothegrid
system.?Testingofthecompleteintegratedsystem.?Implementingthedevelopedintelligentenergy
managementsystem(EMS)onthemicrogrid.7Systemprototypingandvalidation?Experimentalinvestigationof
thedevelopedprototypeinferenceengineforEMS.?Experimentalinvestigationoftheintegratedsystemincluding
allmodulesandintelligentcontrol.?Reportinganddeliverables4.2Researchmethodology:Ourobjectiveinthis
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projectistocomeupwitharealtimeintelligentenergymanagementsystem(EMS)fortheproposedmicrogrid
optimalenergygenerationcostswithenhancedsystemreliabilityfollowingfrequentloadchangeswhile
accommodatingtherenewableenergysourcesfluctuations.Thedependenceoftherenewableenergypower
sourcesonenvironmentalchangessuchirradiationforPV,thewindspeedforthewindgeneratorandthesolarheat
oftheconcentratedsolarpowersourcehastobeveryhighlyconsidered.Theextremetemperatureandhumidity
levelaswellashighlevelofdustdepositionarethemajorcharacteristicsoftheSaudieasternprovinceandhave
tobeheavilyreflectedintheloadnatureandgenerationscenarios.Thesefactorsalongwiththecostandsystem
reliabilityhavetomakethemajorconstituencyoftheproposedenergymanagementengine.Themodelingand
simulationofvariousenergysourcesindividuallysuchasconventionalmicrogenerator,renewableenergysources
andenergystoragedevisesareessentialpreliminaryworktocapturethedynamicbehaviourofthegeneration.In
paralleltothesimulationeffort,theteamwillproceedwiththeprocurementofvarioussystemcomponentsthen
withtheinstallationandtestingoftheacquiredpowersources,loads,energystoragedevicesaswellassensors,
conditioningcircuitsandprotectionequipment.Theaggregationofthesystemcomponentsmodelsincludingloads
ina
microgridsystemis
neededfor
anintegratedsystem
simulation.
The
41
buildupoftheintelligentenergymanagementsystemrulesandenginethenstarts.Theobjectiveistooperatethe
microgridsysteminacosteffectiveandreliablemanner.ThedesignandinstallationofallDCDCconvertersand
thecorrespondingDCACinvertersproceedinparalleltotheentiresystemsimulation.Followingthemicrogrid
functionalityandtestingontheexperimentalsite,theimplementationofthedifferentsimulatedenergy
managementscenariosandintelligentrulesarethoroughlyandexperimentallyinvestigatedonthemicrogrid.The
teamwillincludevariousweatherconditionscenariosencounteredinSaudiArabiaandconsequentlyvarious
systemgenerationandsystemloadvariationstotesttheeffectivenessoftheproposedmicrogridintelligent
energymanagementsystemtoreachoptimalcostandbetterreliability.Theproposedworkflowoftheresearch
methodologyisdepictedinFigure1.Investigatingtechnologicalassessmentofcentralizedpowerdemandand
supplymanagementinmicrogridswithrenewables.StartLiteratureSurveyandTechnologicalAssessment
InvestigatingtechnologicalassessmentofMultiagentand
multiobjectiveIntelligentEnergyManagementforaMicrogrid
18
AssessingthecostanalysisofrenewableEnergyBasedMicrogridsSurveyingtheoptimalcontroltechniques
appliedtotheenergyModelingandsimulationofconventionalMicrogenerationModelingandsimulationofSolar
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PV,Fuelcell,WindturbineandEnergystoragedevicesAggregationoftheindividualsystemcomponentsmodels
inamicrogridsystemthensystemsimulationsDevelopmentoftheintelligentenergymanagementsystemto
optimallyoperatethemicrogridsystemProcurementofvarioussystemcomponentsInstalling/Testingthevarious
powerresources,loadsandenergystoragedevices.Installingandtestingofsensorsandtheirconditioningcircuits
Designing/InstallingandtestingofallDCDCconvertersandpowerelectronicbasedinvertersforintegrating
renewablesourcestothegridsystemTestingofthecompleteintegratedsystemImplementingthedeveloped
intelligentenergymanagementsystem(EMS)onthemicrogridExperimentalinvestigationofthedeveloped
prototypeinferenceengineforEMS.Experimentalinvestigationoftheintegratedsystemincludingallmodulesand
intelligentcontrolReportingEndFigure1:Projectworkflow4.3ManagementPlan:FormRED14:
ROLEANDINVOLVEMENTDURATIONOF
PROJECT
TEAMTEAMMEMBERSROLE
10
DURATION(MONTHS)SENIORPERSONNEL:
Dr.MahmoudKassas(Ph.D.),PIWillcontributetoallstudytasks,specificallyhowwillconducttechnology
assessmentandsurvey,willacquireandtestcomponents,willsimulatetheintegratedsystem,willdesigncontrol
strategies,willbuildtheprototypeoftheintelligentEMSsystem,willconductexperimentalinvestigationofthe
prototypeunderdifferentoperatingscenarios,willreportresults.20+2SummerDr.ChokriB.Ahmed(Ph.D.),CIWill
contributetothetechnologicalassessmentandsurveyofcentralizedEMS,willmodelandsimulatethemicrogrid
components,willdesignandwritetherulefortheintelligentEMScontroller,willintegratethesimulationsystem
andconductthetrainingofit,willcontributeintheinstallationandtestingofthewholeintegratedsystem.Will
contributeinthefinalexecutablerealtimeintelligentproduct.20+2SummerDr.M.Muhaini(Ph.D.),CIWill
contributeinthetechnologicalassessingandsurveyofthemultiobjectiveEMS,willberesponsibleforthe
modellingandsimulationofrenewablegridcomponents,willbeinvolvedinthedevelopmentoftheintegrated
system,andwillberesponsiblefordevelopmentofintelligentEMScontroller.20+1SummerMr.MohammadAshraf
Ali,(M.Sc),CIWillcontributetotheassessmentoftechnologyandsurveyofEMSsystem,willinvestigatethe
variousoptimalcontroltechniques,willbeinvolvedinthemodellingandsimulationofmicrogridcomponents,will
beinvolvedinthedesignanddevelopmentofintelligentEMSmonitoring&controlsystem,andwillcontributein
theinstallationandtestingoftheintegratedsystem.20+1SummerOTHERPERSONNEL:1Ph.D.Willcontribute
toallstudytasks.SpecificallyhewilllookatTechnologyassessmentandSurvey,Willacquireandtest
components,willSimulatetheintegratedsystem,willbuildtheprototypeofsourceslinesloadsdevices,will
conductexperimentalinvestigationoftheprototypeunderdifferentoperatingscenarios,andwillreportresults.202
M.ScWillcontributetowardallstudytasks.SpecificallyhewillfocusonTechnologyassessmentandSurvey,Will
acquireandtestcomponents,willSimulatetheintegratedsystem,willbuildtheprototypeofsourceslinesloads
devices,willconductexperimentalinvestigationoftheprototypeunderdifferentoperatingscenarios,andwillreport
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results.241TechnicianHardwareimplementation&labtesting12FormRED15:WORKPLANANDTIME
SCHEDULEPHASES&TASKSINVOLVEMENTDURATION1234567891011121314151617181920
21222324PHASEIParticipationTask1.1:Investigatingtechnologicalassessmentofcentralizedpowerdemand
andsupplymanagementinmicrogridswithrenewables.Task1.2:Assessingthecostanalysisofrenewable
energybasedmicrogrids.Task1.3:Investigatingtechnologicalassessmentofmultiagentand
multiobjectiveintelligentenergymanagementforamicrogrid.
18
Task1.4:Surveyingtheoptimalcontroltechniquesappliedtotheenergymanagementinamicrogrid.
K,C,M,
A,
GSK,C,
AK,C
,M,
24
GSK,A,GSPHASE2Task2.1:ModellingandsimulationofconventionalMicrogeneration(DieselUnit).Task
2.2:ModelingandsimulationofsolarPV,fuelcell,windturbineandenergystoragedevices.Task2.3:Aggregation
oftheindividualsystemcomponentsmodelsinamicrogridsystemthensystemsimulations.Task2.4:
Developmentoftheintelligentenergymanagementsystemtooptimallyoperatethemicrogridsystem.
K,C,M,
A,
GSK,C,M,
A,GS
C,A,
GSK,C,
M,
24
A,GSPHASE3Task3.1:Procurementofvarioussystemcomponents.Task3.2:Installing/Testingthevarious
powerresources,loadsandK,C,AC,A,GSenergystoragedevices.Task3.3:Installingandtestingofsensors
andtheirconditioningcircuits.C,A,GSTask3.4:Designing/InstallingandtestingofallDCDCconvertersand
powerelectronicbasedinvertersforintegratingrenewablesourcestothegridsystem.K,C,A,GSTask3.5:
Testingofthecompleteintegratedsystem.K,C,GSTask3.6:Implementingthedevelopedintelligentenergy
managementsystem(EMS)onthemicrogrid.C,M,APHASE4Task4.1:Experimentalinvestigationofthe
developedprototypeinferenceengineforEMS.K,C,M,A,GSTask4.2:Experimentalinvestigationofthe
integratedsystemincludingallmodulesandintelligentcontrol.K,C,M,A,GSTask4.3:Reportinganddeliverables
K,C,M,A,GSK:Dr.MahmoudKassas,C:Dr.ChokriBelhaj,M:Dr.MMuhaini,A:Mr.AshrafAliGS:Graduate
Students5.VALUETOTHEKINGDOMThisresearchworkisexpectedtohighlyinfluencetherunningresearch
effortsinrenewableenergy.Theoutcomewillbenefitthefollowingsectors:?Supplyingremoteareas(villages,
farms,communicationrepeaters,etc.)withrequiredenergy.?Creatingnewinvestmentopportunitiesin
manufacturing,maintenance,andserviceproviders.?Reducingtheenvironmentalhazards.?Transferringthe
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technologytothekingdom.?Supportingnationalselfdependenceinenergygeneration.?Guaranteetheleadership
ofthekingdomintheenergyproductionarea.?Promotingthenationalimageandstatureinscienceand
technology.?EstablishingtheexpertiseandtechnicalknowhowofutilizationofadvancedtechnologyinSaudi
Arabia6.PROJECTEXECUTION6.1CurrentResources:Theavailablesoftwarepackagesenvironmentare
LaboratoryVirtualInstrumentEngineeringWorkbench(LabVIEW)version2013andMatlab/Simulinkversion2015.
Thesepackagesaretobeusedforsimulation,analysisandforthefinalexecutableproduct.Theavailable
equipmentarethebasicelectricalmeasurementdevicessuchasmeters,wattmetersanddisplaydevicessuchas
oscilloscopes.6.2RequestedResources:TheimplementationofthisprojectrequiresthreePhD.investigators,one
lecturer,andthreegraduatestudents(onePhDandtwoMastersStudents).Aqualifiedtechnicianisrequired.
Secretarialworkerisneededforprogressandfinalreporting.ThepowerequipmentrequiredarePVpanels,wind
simulator,fuelcell,batteriesstorage,Airconditioningload,inductionmotorload,microgeneration(dieselunit),DC
DCconverters,DCACinverters,voltageandcurrentmodulesandpowercables.Thecomputationandmonitoring
equipmentrequiredareheavydutyworkstationsandonelaptopsandmicrocontrollers,analoguetodigital
converterscards,communicationLANcables,andRS232cables.Theenvironmentalmeasurementsareinneedof
pyranometers,humidity,temperatureandairflowspeedsensors.Theconsumablesarestoragedevices,papers,
logbooks,UBSdevicesandCDs,LANcables,etc.TravelarrangementswithintheKingdomarerequiredto
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