Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Todays Objectives:
Students will be able to :
a) Formulate the strain energy stored in a
member, when it is subjected to an axial
load, bending moment, transverse shear
or torsional moment.
b) Apply the principle of conservation of
energy to determine the deflection of a
structure due to a load
In-Class Activities:
Work of a force and
energy
Strain energy derived
from axial load and
bending
Strain energy derived
from shear and torsion
Conservation of energy
Work of a force:
U e F dx
0
Ue
1
P
2
dFz z dA z dxdy
d z z d z
Then, dU i 12 dFz d z 12 z z dxdydz
i.e.
dU i 12 z z dV
Strain Energy:
Ui
v
Because
2
E
dV
Ui
v
2
2E
dV
N2
Ui
dV
dV
2
2E
2 EA
V
V
N 2L
Ui
2 AE
18 2
Y A 310 78886 N 78,89 kN
2
78886 50
78886 6
N 2L
Ui
2,708 J (Ans)
2
2 AE 2 20 / 2 2 . 210 103
2 18 / 2 . 210 103
2
N 2L
Ui
3,26 J (Ans)
2 AE
By comparison, bolt B can absorb 36% more elastic energy than bolt
A, because it has a smaller cross section along its shank.
My
I
Then,
Ui
V
Or
2E
M2 2
y dA dx
Ui
2
2
EI
0
A
M 2 dx
Ui
2 EI
0
dv
V
1 My
dAdx
2E I
M NA 0;
M dx
w x 2 dx w2 L5
Ui
2 EI
2 EI
40 EI
0
0
L
(Ans)
We have
Hence,
U i dy or
2
V
2
Because , U i dV
G
2G
V
VQ
It
Then,
2
1 VQ
Ui
dV
dAdx
2G
2G It
V
V
2
V 2 Q2
Ui
dA dx
2 2
2GI A t
0
f sV 2
Ui
dx
2GA
0
A
Writing f s 2
I
1 3
bh
12
2
h 2 y h
bh
2
Q y A' y
b y y
2
2
2 4
t b, A bh, I
1
12
bh
bh 3
b h
6
2
y
dy
4b 2 4
5
h 2
h2
Fy 0;
V wx 0 V wx
U i s
0
wx 2 dx
2GA
3w2
w2 L3
2
x dx
(Ans)
5GA 0
5GA
Then
1 T
U i dV
dAdx
2G
2G J
V
V
2
T2 2
dA dx
Ui
2
2
GJ
0
A
T2
Ui
dx
2GJ
0
T 2L
Ui
2GJ
Note: For rectangular-section having dimensions h > b, the
torsional constant J = c.h.b3, where
hb3
C
16
16
b
b 4
3.36 1
4
h 12h
3
4
4
J 0.08 0.065
2
36.310 6 m 4
Thus the strain energy is
40 0.075 15 0.300
T 2L
Ui
233J (Ans)
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
Physically, the external loads tends to deform the body so that
the loads do external work Ue as they are displaced.
The external work caused by the loads is transformed into
internal work or strain energy Ui, which is stored within the body.
When the loads are removed, the strain energy restores the
body back to is original un-derformed position, provided that
the materials elastic limit is not exceeded.
The conservation of energy is stated as
Ue = Ui
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
A truss
1
N 2L
P
2
2 AE
A beam (subjected to a load P)
L
1
M2
P
dx
2
2 EI
0
A beam (subjected to a moment M0)
L
1
M2
M 0
dx
2
2 EI
0
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
Example
The three-bar truss in Fig. 1421a is subjected to a horizontal force of
20 kN. If the cross-sectional area of each member is 100 mm2,
determine the horizontal displacement at point B. E 200 GPa.
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
Solutions
1
N 2L
P
2
2 AE
1
11.547 103 1 23.094 103
3
20 10 B h
2
2 AE
2 AE
B h 94640.0 Nm
AE
2 20 10 1.732
2
3 2
2 AE
B h
94640
3
4
.
73
10
m 4.73 mm (Ans)
2
9
1001 1000 200 10