Foam Enhancement

Gelling
Thickening

Film Formation

Stabilization
METHOCEL cellulose ethers
Multifunctional water-soluble
polymers that enhance foams,
form lms, thicken, and stabilize

The Multi-Functional Family

of Water Soluble Polymers
METHOCEL* cellulose ethers are an extensive family of methylcellulose
(MC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) polymers that are used
globally in many personal care products. They are primarily used as
polymeric surfactants, thickeners in liquid formulations, and as binders in
solid and semi-solid products. However, the ability of METHOCEL products
to perform these primary functions with reliability and efciency is only
part of the reason for their increasing popularity with formulatorseven 70
years after the introduction of the METHOCEL family.
The reason is the host of important performance properties that these
multi-functional ingredients deliver. In many cases a METHOCEL product can
replace two, three, or more ingredients, even though it is added in extremely
low concentrations.
Beyond offering thickening, binding and surface active properties,
METHOCEL products act as lm formers, suspension aids, lubricants, lather
enhancers/stabilizers, emulsion stabilizers and gelling agents. It is this
unique combination of properties that sets METHOCEL cellulose ethers
apart from other water soluble polymers. The result is an ability to improve
personal care product formulations. It also allows the creation of entirely
new hair care, skin care, bath and cosmetic products because product
performance can often be achieved with fewer ingredients, greater control,
and greater economy.
This guide has been prepared to further introduce you to the family
of METHOCEL MC and HPMC products and serve as an idea-starter. Its
goal is to provide you with the information to begin formulating with these
polymers (as well as the many reasons for doing so). We realize, however,
that not all of your questions may be answered. Please call us at the
numbers listed on the back cover for further technical assistance.
A key point to remember is that although several METHOCEL products are
described in this brochure, many more exist which may have the particular
properties that you need in your application. The METHOCEL family of
cellulose ethers is a large, constantly growing group of products that is
always evolving to meet the needs of the Personal Care Industry.
Lets now turn to a more detailed technical discussion of what these
products can contribute to your formulations.

*Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company

Multi-functional Dened
Here is a listing of the properties and characteristics of the METHOCEL
family which are important to personal care product formulations.
Viscosity control. METHOCEL MC and HPMC products are best
known as extremely efcient thickeners. In dozens of leading shampoo
formulations, for example, as little as 0.3 1.0% helps increase solution
viscosity denoting richness and quality. Further, solution viscosity may be
achieved independent of primary surfactants or other ingredients.
Lather enhancement/stabilization. METHOCEL products offer a unique
property called interfacial gelation. This property is the cumulative result
of the inherent surface activity and gelling behavior of HPMC and MC.
Interfacial thermal gelation occurs spontaneously even in very dilute
systems over a wide range of use temperatures. This formation of gelled
lms within the foam accounts for the polymers ability to enhance lather
in cleansing products of all types. It also explains why foams are denser
and more stable. Look to pages 8 and 9 for more information on this truly
unique advantage of METHOCEL cellulose ethers.
Film formation. Solutions containing METHOCEL products can
be formulated to deliver uniform lms. Unlike other cellulosics and natural
gums, they can do so without increasing formulation viscosity by selection
of the proper products. The formation of light, non-greasy lms is an
attractive side benet in creams and lotions, suncare products, styling gels,
and facial masks.
Surface activity. In contrast to most other water soluble polymers that
arent very surface active, METHOCEL products exhibit modest surface
activity. They are capable of adsorbing at a variety of oil/water, air/water,
and even solid/water interfaces. This property allows such useful benets
as emulsion stability (O/W), lather enhancing (A/W), dispersion (S/W), and
lubricity (S/W).
Lubricity. The natural lubricity of METHOCEL products can improve
product ow and aid in dispensing. Sensory characteristics of products
can be greatly enhanced. For example, shaving gels may exhibit improved
razor glide and skin toners acquire a softer, more luxuriant feel.
Binder. In solid products like make-up, METHOCEL products function
primarily as binders, but add humectancy and lm-forming properties to
improve product shelf life and texture.
Emulsion stabilization. As emulsiers, METHOCEL polymers facilitate
dispersion and blending of other ingredients, thereby improving consistency
and stability of oil-in-water formulations. The emulsication ability of
METHOCEL, along with its thickening property, result in greater product
uniformity and quality control. Its another reason for selecting a surface
active polymer like METHOCEL over other non-surface active stabilizers like
carboxymethylcellulose or hydroxyethylcellulose.
Suspending properties. METHOCEL products, in combinaton with
xanthan, carbomer or magnesium aluminum silicate may be used to
provide suspension properties. METHOCEL products provide desirable
body while yield point rheology results from use of one or more of the
other additives.

A Technical Overview of the METHOCEL

Family of Cellulose Ethers
METHOCEL cellulose ethers are a family of water soluble carbohydrate
polymers derived from cellulose. Cellulose is a renewable resource and the
most abundant polymer found in nature. METHOCEL products are supplied
as white, free-owing powders.

Two product types

METHOCEL cellulose ethers are available in two product types which
are recognized by their CTFA names: methylcellulose (MC) and hydroxypropyl
methylcellulose (HPMC). Both types have the polymeric backbone of
cellulose but possess different ratios of hydroxypropyl to methoxyl
substitution. These ratios largely determine the properties of the different
product grades and in particular inuence hydrophilicity, gelling behavior,
rheology, surface activity, and lm forming.

Viscosity grades from 3 to 100,000 mPas

METHOCEL products are available in various viscosity grades, ranging from
3 to 100,000 mPa.s (measured at 2% concentration in water at 20 degrees
C). Since formulation viscosity depends on the concentration and viscosity
grade of the METHOCEL product, you have the opportunity to exercise
precise control over performance properties and economics.

A variety of grades to meet your needs

METHOCEL Premium products are extensively used in food and drug
industries. Premium grades of both MC and HPMC are recognized as
acceptable food additives by the USDA and FDA and are listed in the Food
Chemicals Codex and the International Codex Alimentarius. Both are also
included in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia (USP XXI).
To meet the special needs of the personal care industry, weve developed
unique grades of cold water dispersible METHOCEL products. These are
identied as our 40-Series Products and enable improved ease of use.
Many of the METHOCEL cellulose ether products can be used in personal
care applications. Product selection guidelines are offered later in this
brochure. And of course, additional assistance is available through our
technical staff.

Chemical structures of METHOCEL

Premium products

Methylcellulose
METHOCEL A Products

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
METHOCEL E, F, J, K, and 40-Series products

Easier than ever to use

Historically, METHOCEL products have required addition to hot water
followed by cooling to enable proper dispersion and hydration. This
practice is still in use and works well. Our 40-Series line of products was
developed to enable their direct addition to water where the temperature
is at ambient or below. This saves time and energy by sidestepping the
need for heating and cooling large volumes of water. METHOCEL 40Series products can be dispersed in formulations using mild agitation and
are dissolved by use of an alkaline catalyst. The 40-Series products were
developed in particular for use in cold process applications where fast
turnaround time and reduced overall process costs are essential.

Getting to know product nomenclature and the product family

The family of METHOCEL products is very extensive. There are four distinct
HPMC products, including our 40-Series in a range of viscosity grades. We
also offer an extensive range of MC products.
Understanding the product nomenclature for METHOCEL products is easy
once you know a few simple keys. Of course since there are dozens of
products, not all product names can be easily categorized, but here are a
few general guidelines to help.
The initial letter in the product name identies the type of cellulose ether,
as follows:

A: methylcellulose products
E, F, J, and K: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose products

The number that follows the initial letter identies the viscosity grade in
milli-pascal seconds (mPa.s) for the product measured at 2% in water at
20 degrees C. A C or an M following this number indicates that it is
multiplied by the following factors:

C: 100 times
M: 1,000 times

Finally, here are some commonly used sufxes that identify special products:

LV, low viscosity

S, surface-treated (cold water dispersible) products
P, Premium grade
PCG or AMC, Personal Care grade

The 40-Series of Personal Care Products are designated by 40-XXX.

The three digit sufx uniquely identies particular products offered which
differ in substitution ratio and viscosity. Here are several examples:

METHOCEL A4CPmethylcellulose product with viscosity of 400 mPa.s,

Premium Grade.
METHOCEL E4MPAMChydroxypropyl methylcellulose product with
viscosity of 4,000 mPa.s, Personal Care grade that also meets Premium grade
requirements.
METHOCEL 40-100hydroxypropyl methylcellulose product with viscosity
of 12,000 mPa.s, cold water dispersible, Personal Care Grade.
METHOCEL 40-202hydroxypropyl methylcellulose product with viscosity
of 4,000 mPa.s, cold water dispersible, Personal Care Grade.

METHOCEL Product Listing

These are some of the METHOCEL products frequently used in personal
care product formulations. Many other products exist and our technical
service representatives can help you make the best selection for your
particular application.

Product Type

Vicosity Grade
mPa.s*

Cold Water
Dispersible

40-202

4,000

Yes

40-100

12,000

Yes

40-101

75,000

Yes

400

No

4,000

No

50

No

No

F4MPCG

4,000

No

J5MSPCG

5,000

Yes

100,000

No

K15MPCG

15,000

No

K4MPCG

4,000

No

K100PCGLV

100

No

K15MSPCG

15,000

Yes

K4MSPCG

4,000

Yes

A4CPCG
E4MPAMC
E50PAMC

E3P

K100MP

*For a 2% aqueous solution at 20 degrees C (Ubbelohde tube viscometer)

Product Selection Guide

The following list suggests which METHOCEL product(s) might be
chosen for various applications. Please bear in mind these are general
recommendations and a partial listing of the more common uses for
METHOCEL products. For additional application details, please visit us on
the web at www.amerchol.com.

Application ............................................... Recommended

................................................................... METHOCEL Products

Use Level
%

Opaque, conditioning pearly shampoo ........40-Series, E4MPAMC, K4MPCG 0.51.0

Clear shampoo .................................................40-Series, E50PAMC

0.51.0

Medicated shampoo .......................................40-202, E4MPAMC

...........................................................................

1.0 with
MgAl silicate

Liquid hand/body soap ...................................40-Series

0.3 .75

Clear conditioners ...........................................40-202

.751.5

Emulsion conditioners .....................................K15MPCG, K15MSPCG

0.20.5

Styling gel.........................................................K100MP, 40-Series

0.4 1.0

Clear facial and skin cleansers ........................40-202

0.20.5

Skin toners........................................................40-202

0.1 0.3

Facial mask .......................................................40-Series, E4MPAMC, K4MPCG 0.2 0.5

Shave gel or cream .........................................40-Series, E4MPAMC

0.1 0.4

Sun care ............................................................40-Series, E4MPAMC,K4MPCG

0.1 0.3

Creams and lotions ..........................................40-Series, E4MPAMC, K4MPCG 0.1 0.3

Bubble bath .....................................................40-Series, E4MPAMC

0.3 .75

Bath gel ............................................................40-202, E50PAMC

0.1 0.3

Liquid or cream make-up................................40-202

0.10.3

Liquid mascara .................................................40-202

0.10.3

Eyeliner .............................................................40-202

0.10.3

0.10.3

Cream eye shadow ..........................................40-202

Toothpaste .......................................................K100MP

0.5 1.0

Mouthwash ......................................................E50PAMC

0.51.5

FDA

regulated application: must use a Premium grade METHOCEL product.

Hair Care Applications

The widespread use of METHOCEL products in hair care formulations is
ample testimony to their recognized versatility. Virtually every property of
these unique cellulosics is called upon to some degree in these applications.

Shampoos
Todays hair care products increasingly require raw materials that are safe
and effective while addressing multiple needs. METHOCEL polymers are
used in shampoos both as a thickener and lather enhancer.
Minimize surfactant usage/maximize mildness
Small concentrations of METHOCEL can replace greater amounts of
surfactant while maintaining desired product viscosity. Minimizing
surfactant content will yield a milder formulation that often is desired for
products with frequent usage. The savings in surfactant may offset the cost
of the METHOCEL.
Enhance lather characteristics
Through a unique propertyinterfacial gelationMETHOCEL products
are very efcient polymeric thickeners that actually contribute to increased
foam stability at shampooing temperatures. Compared to other common
cellulosic polymers, METHOCEL also produces a greater foam volume.
Interfacial gelation is the formation of polymer networks at air/water
interfaces when a dilute solution of METHOCEL is heated. In a shampoo,
an interfacial gel of concentrated polymer forms between and around
bubbles. This gel structure thickens and reinforces bubble walls and slows
the rate at which water can drain away. Bubble walls do not thin out and
disintegrate as rapidly. Following is a graphic representation of interfacial
gelation at work and comparative foam volume test results.
The interfacial gelation property of METHOCEL, along with its thickening
property, also result in reduction of bubble size. As a result, formulations
containing METHOCEL often have a creamy, luxurious lather.

Effect of Interfacial Gelation on Shampoo Lather

In most solutions as temperature

rises, bulk viscosity drops and
the thin liquid between bubbles
promotes drainage (left drawing).
Interfacial gelation slows this process
(right drawing). Bulk viscosity still
drops as the solution is heated, but
at the same time, an interfacial gel
forms between and around bubbles.
Thickening and reinforcement of
bubble walls counteracts the effect
of lower viscosity. Liquid cant drain
as quickly, and bubbles remain
intact longer, stabilizing the foam.

Cellulosic Polymer Foam Volume and Stability at Warm End-use Temperature

100
80
% Foam volume

METHOCEL E4MPAMC
60
HPC
40

Data on foaming characteristics of

three cellulosics clearly shows the
advantages of interfacial gelation.
METHOCEL products generate greater
foam volume and foam stability over
time at the warm temperature which
most closely simulates actual enduse conditions for shampoos.
HPC = hydroxypropyl cellulose
HEC = hydroxyethyl cellulose

HEC
20
0

2
3
4
Time (minutes)

Optimize for different objectives

The unique combination of properties offered by METHOCEL products can
be used to meet several objectives in shampoo formulations.
If lowest formulation cost is your goal, METHOCEL products allow
reduction of active surfactant without giving up foam volume or bulk
viscosity. If mildness is a priority, METHOCEL products can allow even
greater surfactant reduction.
In anti-dandruff shampoos, METHOCEL can support the contributions of a
yield point additive like MgAl silicate. This synergistic combination is often
used to provide suspending properties while imparting a desirable body to
the nished product.
In every case, you formulate a shampoo that appears thick and rich
whether clear or opaquewith the thick, rich lather characteristics that
consumers attribute to the highest quality products.

Conditioners
METHOCEL cellulose ethers can make a positive contribution to both clear (oil
free) and conventional emulsion type hair conditioners. For clear products,
you can use 0.3 1.5%.
For conventional oil/water emulsion products, concentrations of 0.2 0.5%
METHOCEL provide both desirable lubricity and thickening.
METHOCEL E4MPAMC or 40-202 are highly recommended for emulsion
type conditioners and provide an exceptionally smooth feel.
For clear products, you can use the newer, mild, substantive conditioners and
moisturizers instead of waxes and fatty oils with no concern about viscosity
or lubricity needed for a quality conditioner. As little as 1.5% METHOCEL
provides enough viscosityeven in gelsto create a light, lubricious product
that leaves hair with body and shine and without unwanted residues.

Styling products
At typical use levels between 0.4 and 1.0%, METHOCEL products are
efcient viscosiers for styling gels. No additional surfactants or other
ingredients are needed to build viscosity.
METHOCEL rheology results in a product that can be applied quickly and
easily by the consumer. Acceptance is further enhanced by the light,
non-greasy feel that METHOCEL products provide.

99

Skin Care Products

In skin care products, METHOCEL products are used for thickening, lather
enhancement, lubricity, and emulsication. The combination of these properties can result in subtle, but important, improvements in product quality.

Moisturizing creams and lotions

When used as a secondary thickener with xanthan gum or carbomer
in moisturizing creams and lotions, METHOCEL MC and HPMC make
additional contributions to the texture of the product and the quality of
its afterfeel. Two properties are key.
First is the natural lubricity of dissolved METHOCEL. This is most noticeable
in the ow and feel of lotions and creams. Products have a smoother, softer
feel during application. There is less drag and the product takes a little
longer to absorb, heightening the sensation of moisturization.

Skin, Bath,
and Oral Care
Products

Second is the surface activity of METHOCEL cellulose ethers. These

polymeric surfactants can be used to impart stability to cosmetic emulsions.
METHOCEL products (both MC & HPMC) possess HLB values in the range
of 10 12.

Shave creams and gels

Though primarily used as thickeners and lather enhancement agents,
METHOCEL HPMC products also add the moisture retention and lubricity
desired in shaving preparations. Lathers are dense, moisture-rich, long
lasting and provide excellent razor glide.

Facial cleansers, masks, toners

The contributions of METHOCEL HPMC to cleansing lotions, scrubs, and
liquid soaps are many. As in shampoos, METHOCEL HPMC serves to thicken
and enhance lather volume and stability. As in moisturizing creams and
lotions, the lm-forming properties of METHOCEL products help provide
a silky, non-greasy sensation during application.
When used in facial masks the thickening and lm-forming properties
of METHOCEL products are key. They enable uniform application resulting
in a quick drying lm. When used in toner and antiseptic skin cleansers,
METHOCEL provides an exceptional non-greasy, silky smooth sensation
during application. It is compatible with both aqueous and hydro-alcoholic
formulations.

Sun products
METHOCEL HPMC products provide excellent lm forming and mild
emulsion stabilizing benets. These properties along with added lubricity
may enable formulations of sun care products that exhibit improved
performance and have added consumer appeal.

Deodorants/antiperspirants
Besides thickening some roll-on deodorant formulations, METHOCEL
products add lm-forming characteristics and ease of application.

10

Bath Products
The lather enhancement, thickening, lubricity and
surfactant properties of METHOCEL products are all
important in the formulation of a host of bath products.
And in every case, the product improvements are
made with economy since very small concentrations
are required.

Foam Volume Test

Hand wash lather results (Average of 3 runs)

11% SLES, 4% CAPB, 0.5% METHOCEL

Liquid hand soaps

METHOCEL products provide bulk viscosity with
excellent efciency while promoting high sudsing
action in liquid hand soaps. The natural lubricity
afforded by the polymer contributes a pleasant and
rich sensation during use.

Bubble baths/shower gels

Just as in shampoos, METHOCEL products add to
the texture of the thickened liquid, and then go on
to provide a superior volume of lubricious lather.
METHOCEL products help generate stable lathers.
And nowhere is lather longevity more important than
in a bubble bath. Also important is the ability to reduce
or eliminate lather stabilizers that may be irritating to
those with sensitive skin, especially children.

Bubble Size Test

Oral Care Products

Only METHOCEL Premium products can be used in
FDA regulated oral care products. Please consult with
our technical service representatives if any questions
should arise.

Toothpastes
METHOCEL K100MP is an efcient and effective
thickener in dentifrice formulations containing low
amounts of glycerin and sorbitol.

Mouthwashes
METHOCEL E50PAMC can be used as a polymeric
surfactant in mouthwashes to assist in avor oil
emulsion stability and to provide nominal thickening.

11

Color Cosmetics
The role of METHOCEL cellulose ethers in solid and semi-solid cosmetic
products like mascara, eye shadow, blushes, and eyeliner is principally
as a binder, lm-former, and moisture retention agent. The polymer acts
to maintain the integrity of the product over time, thereby increasing its
useful life.
In liquid and creamy makeup products, METHOCEL products act as
a primary thickener. However, their lm-forming properties add to product
texture and staying power while their natural lubricity adds considerably to
application ease.
Most important in cosmetic applications is that METHOCEL products are
non-irritating. In extensive tests no evidence of allergic contact dermatitis
or signicant skin irritation has been found.

12

General
Formulation
Guidelines

How to Prepare Aqueous

Solutions of METHOCEL
METHOCEL cellulose ethers are easy to use and give unique
qualities to your formulations. However, there are certain
factors and procedures to recognize when evaluating samples
and formulating with them. Here is a summary of several
key factors and how they affect the way you work with
METHOCEL products.

Preparing solutions
METHOCEL products dissolve in cold water (and in certain organic solvents)
by swelling and subsequent hydration. There is no sharp solubility limit
such as with ionizing salts. The upper concentration of METHOCEL
products in solutions is usually limited by the viscosity you are equipped
to handle. It also depends on the viscosity and chemical type of product
(MC vs. HPMC) you choose.
Solutions of low viscosity products can be made at 10 15% concentration
while high viscosity products nd a normal limit at 2 3% concentration.
(See the METHOCEL Cellulose Ethers Technical Handbook for additional
information on viscosity/concentration limits.)
The form of METHOCEL product also inuences the techniques used in
making solutions.

Working with untreated powders

Although METHOCEL powders are soluble in cold water, they must
rst be thoroughly dispersed in the water to prevent lumping. In some
applications, dispersion can be accomplished at ambient temperatures or
in cold water by using an eductor funnel or high-shear mixer. However, if
untreated powders are added directly to cold water without sufcient
agitation, a lumpy solution may result. Lumping results from incomplete
wetting of the individual powder particles. Only part of the powder
dissolves, a gelatinous membrane which shields the remaining powder
from complete hydration. Several dispersion techniques are commonly
used and are described below. Each has advantages in certain applications.

13

General formulation guidelines

Dispersion in hot water
Often called the hot/cold technique, this method takes advantage of the
insolubility of METHOCEL cellulose ethers in hot water. The powder is rst
dispersed by mixing thoroughly with 1/5 to 1/3 of the total required volume
of water that has been heated to above 90 degrees C (194 degrees F).
Mixing continues until all particles are thoroughly wetted.
For complete solubilization, the remainder of the water is then added as cold
water or ice to lower the temperature of the dispersion. Once the dispersion reaches the temperature at which that particular METHOCEL product
becomes water soluble, the powder begins to hydrate and viscosity increases.
In some applications, it may be desirable to heat the entire volume of
water, disperse the METHOCEL powder, then cool the mixture while
agitating until hydration is complete. It is very important, however, to have
adequate cooling after wetting with hot water to ensure complete hydration
and viscosity development.
For improved clarity and reproducible control of viscosity, solutions of
METHOCEL A cellulose ether products (methylcellulose) should be cooled
to 0 5 degrees C (32 to 41 degrees F) for 20 to 40 minutes. In general,
solutions of METHOCEL E, METHOCEL F, METHOCEL J, and METHOCEL K
brand cellulose ethers (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) require cooling to
2025 degrees C (68 77 degrees F) or below.
Because complete hydration depends on adequate cooling, METHOCEL E,
F, J, and K brand products are frequently used in applications where cold
water is not available. The following gure illustrates the effects of cooling
hot slurries of METHOCEL A and METHOCEL K products. Figure 1 shows
that a slurry of METHOCEL K brand cellulose ether requires much less
cooling for hydration than a slurry of METHOCEL A cellulose ether. Slurries
of METHOCEL E, F, and J brand products also require less cooling than
METHOCEL A brand products.

14

10,000

Viscosity on Initial Cooling of

METHOCEL A Premium

Figure 1: Viscosity Development

of METHOCEL A and METHOCEL
K Brand Products Slurried at 2%
in Hot Water
Viscosity, mPa.s

1,000

Viscosity on Initial Cooling of

METHOCEL K Premium
100

10

100

80

60
40
Temperature, degrees C

20

Dispersion technique
1. Heat approximately 1/3 the required volume of water to
at least 194 degrees F (90 degrees C).
2. Add the METHOCEL powder to the heated water with
agitation.
3. Agitate the mixture until the particles are thoroughly
wetted and evenly dispersed.
4. For complete solubilization, add the remainder of the
water as cold water or ice to lower the temperature of the
dispersion. Once the dispersion reaches the temperature
at which that particular METHOCEL product becomes
water soluble, the powder begins to hydrate and viscosity
increases. See page 14 for cooling times and temperatures
for specic METHOCEL products.
5. Continue agitation for at least 30 minutes after
the proper temperature is reached. Your solution of
METHOCEL cellulose ether is now ready to use.

15

Dispersion by dry-blending
Dry-blending involves mixing METHOCEL powder with other dry ingredients
before adding the water component. Dry-blending separates the particles of
METHOCEL cellulose ethers to allow thorough wet-out and complete hydration
when water is added. The minimum ratio of other dry, powdered ingredients to
METHOCEL powder varies from 7:1 to 3:1.

Dispersion technique
1. Combine METHOCEL powder with other dry-powder ingredients. The
suggested ratio of other dry-powder ingredients to METHOCEL is 7:1;
however, the ratio may vary from 7:1 to 3:1.
2. Thoroughly blend the dry components.
3. Add the dry mix to the water with agitation. The rate of hydration
will depend upon both the relative particle sizes and the rate of
agitation during and after addition of the mixture to the water.
4. Agitate until the METHOCEL powder has completely hydrated and the solution
is consistently smooth. Your solution of METHOCEL cellulose ether is now ready
for further processing.

Working with cold water dispersible powders

Cold water dispersible products can be added directly to water systems at
temperatures of 40 degrees C or below. They disperse readily with mild agitation
and dissolve (build viscosity) gradually following addition of an alkaline catalyst.
Rapid hydration can be accomplished by adjustment to a solution pH of 8.5 or
more and by use of good mixing in the presence of cold water.
In many applications the combination of easy dispersion in cold water and rapid
hydration is desirable. This allows the METHOCEL product to be added to a
formulation and dispersed at relatively low shear without use of heat and without
any signicant initial viscosity increase.
Common alkaline catalysts used in personal care are dilute sodium hydroxide,
alkanolamines, amino methyl propanol (AMP), or any other raw material which
would raise pH above 8.0. An excellent catalyst that serves double duty in these
formulations is VERSENE* 100 chelant (tetrasodium EDTA) which contributes a
small but effective amount of alkalinity.
For best results and to achieve maximum hydration, surface-treated powders
should be added with good agitation to a neutral pH system. The system should
be agitated thoroughly for a few minutes followed by an adjustment of pH to 8.5
to 9.0 with continued agitation until full viscosity is reached (usually 10 to 30
minutes). Once the pH has been shifted to the alkaline side (pH 8.5 to 9.0), allowing
full and rapid solubilization of the cold water dispersible product, solutions are
stable over the pH range of 3 to 11.

Dispersion technique
1. Add the cold water dispersible METHOCEL powder to the water. Begin agitation.
2. Continue agitation and add sufcient ammonium hydroxide,
sodium bicarbonate, or other alkaline material (e.g., pigment grind)
to the dispersion to obtain a pH of 8.5 to 9.0. This will result in rapid
viscosity development. Continue agitation until sufcient hydration
has been achieved.

16

*Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company

Figure 2: Typical Hydration Delay Time of Surface-treated METHOCEL

Products as a Function of pH

1000.0

Hydration Time, min

100.0

10.0

1.0

0.1
0

10

pH

Dispersion in nonsolvent media

Untreated METHOCEL cellulose ethers may also be dispersed in nonsolvent
media such as vegetable oil, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol,
glycerine, corn syrup, and high-fructose corn syrup. A ratio of 5 to 8 parts
nonsolvent to 1 part METHOCEL is recommended to obtain a uid slurry.
The dispersion of METHOCEL in nonsolvent medium may then be added to
cold water, or the cold water may be added to the dispersion.

Dispersion technique
1. Add the METHOCEL cellulose ether to the nonsolvent. A ratio
of 5 8 parts nonsolvent to 1 part METHOCEL is recommended to
obtain a liquid slurry.
2. Agitate the mixture and METHOCEL powder until
the particles of METHOCEL cellulose ether are evenly
dispersed.
3. The dispersion of METHOCEL in nonsolvent medium may
be added to cold water, or the cold water may be added to
the dispersion.
4. Continue mixing until the METHOCEL powder
is completely hydrated and the solution is smooth. You
can now add the remaining ingredients in your formulation.

17
17

As your evaluation proceeds

In your evaluation of METHOCEL cellulose ether products, you may
encounter the need for additional information regarding their compatibility
with other common ingredients. While we cannot anticipate and discuss
them all in this brochure, there are a few properties of solutions to
recognize that will help address formulation concerns.

Compatibility of Aqueous Solutions

Salts and solutions
HPMC and MC are nonionic and are not easily precipitated by salt.
However, high salt concentrations will precipitate MC and HPMC due
to polymer dehydration. Interestingly, this same phenomenon allows
conventional HPMC and MC to be easily dispersed with low shear at cool
temperatures. Polymer dissolution occurs when the brine is diluted with
cold water.
Because of their higher total substitution, METHOCEL E, F, J, and K
brand hydroxypropyl methylcellulose products generally exhibit a
higher tolerance for salts in solution than METHOCEL A brand
methylcellulose products. This is due to their greater hydrophilicity.
There is only slight variation in electrolyte tolerance among the various
METHOCEL HPMC products.

Water-insoluble substances
Pigments, llers, etc. do not generally
affect METHOCEL cellulose ethers.
Actually, solutions of METHOCEL often
serve as excellent dispersing media for
such materials.

18

Water-soluble substances
As with many other nonionic ingredients, METHOCEL MC
and HPMC products are quite compatible with a wide variety
of commonly used raw materials in personal care products. The
compatibility of formulations containing METHOCEL products
and certain amphoteric surfactants within their isoelectric range
may need to be evaluated. In general, surfactant compatibility is
quite good for all METHOCEL HPMC products.

METHOCEL solubility in solvents

In general, binary solvent systems dissolve METHOCEL products better than single
solvents. Where alcohols comprise part of the binary solvent system, solvent power
improves as the molecular weight of the alcohol decreases. Contact us for a list of
solvents successfully used with METHOCEL products.

Effect of pH on viscosity
Because METHOCEL products are nonionic, their solution viscosities are
generally stable over a wider pH range than are the viscosities of those polymers
which are ionic in nature such as carboxymethylcellulose, xanthan gum, and
carbomers. As with all carbohydrate polymers, their solution viscosities are most
stable within a range of pH 311. High temperature, of course, accelerates
decomposition at pH extremes. We therefore do not recommend product use
outside this pH range. Should there be a need to formulate with METHOCEL MC
or HPMC near these limits, it may be advantageous to use higher concentrations of
lower viscosity grade products. This will provide an improved stability prole.
Solutions of METHOCEL products are not stable in the presence of hypochlorite
(bleach) or other strong oxidizers like peroxide.

19

Guidelines for Processing Shampoo

These guidelines illustrate the typical steps you can expect to follow when
processing shampoos containing METHOCEL polymers. As youll note, use
of cold water dispersible METHOCEL products tends to simplify processing
and reduce energy requirements.

Cold water dispersible METHOCEL products: cold process, clear shampoo

If you want to produce a clear shampoo at lower cost, here are processing
steps for a formulation built around our newer cold water dispersible
products like the 40-Series METHOCEL products or METHOCEL products
with the sufx s (e.g. METHOCEL K15MS).
Dispersion: Add METHOCEL to water (<30 degrees C) with stirring.
Other minor ingredients may be added. pH should be kept below 7.5.

pH < 7.5

Hydration: Add alkali to activate the METHOCEL and initiate

hydration and viscosity development. Mix well for 15-20 minutes until
fully thickened. pH must be above 8.0 during this hydration phase.

pH > 8.0

Blending: Blend in ingredients such as surfactants, amides, cationics,

salts, and fragrances. Adjust pH to acid side.

pH < 7

Bottle off product, run QC

Cold water dispersible METHOCEL products: hot/cold process,

opaque shampoo
This system requires the same initial processing steps as the cold process
clear shampoo, but adds a heating step to allow blending of heat
dispersible ingredients.
Dispersion: Add METHOCEL to water (<30 degrees C) with stirring.
Minor ingredients may be added. pH should be kept below 7.5.

pH < 7.5

Hydration: Add alkali to activate the METHOCEL and initiate

hydration and viscosity development. Mix well for 15-20 minutes until
fully thickened. pH must be above 8.0 during this hydration phase.

Heating/blending: Rapidly heat shampoo solution to the minimum

required temperature and blend in conditioning or pearling agents.
Cool with constant stirring.

Blending: Blend in ingredients such as surfactants and amides.

Add fragrance and adjust pH.

Bottle off product, run QC

20

pH > 8.0

Conventional METHOCEL products: hot/cold process, clear shampoo

When processing with conventional products such as METHOCEL
E4MPAMC or K100MP, the rst step is addition of the polymer to hot water
to achieve complete and uniform dispersion. Next, cool water is added to
initiate dissolution of the METHOCEL and building of viscosity. Additional
ingredients are then combined with the solution.

Dispersion: Add METHOCEL to hot water (> 85 degrees C) with

moderate agitation. Use about one-third of the total water needed
for the formulation. Minor ingredients may be added.

Use 1/3 of
total water,
> 85 degrees C

Hydration: Cool and dilute by adding the balance of the water;

the dilution water must be cool. Continue moderate agitation
as viscosity builds and solution claries.

Blending: Blend in ingredients like surfactants, salt,

cationics, amides, and fragrance. The ideal temperature for this
step is 35 45 degrees C.

Balance of
water is
added cool
Ideal
temperature:
3445 degrees C

Mix to homogenize well, bottle off the product, run QC

If you have difculty achieving a quality solutioncall us now at the

numbers listed on the back cover. Well help you identify the problem, and
may decide that an alternate METHOCEL product should be evaluated.
Youll be pleased with our rapid response.

21

Guidelines for Processing Skin

Care Products
When working with emulsion-type skin care products, youll be using one
of three basic methods to incorporate the METHOCEL polymer into the
product. The rst two methods are variations on beginning processing by
creation of an aqueous solution of METHOCEL; you can choose either
cold water dispersible or conventional METHOCEL products. The third
approach describes how to begin processing by dispersing a conventional
METHOCEL product in the oil phase.

Cold water dispersible METHOCEL products: cold hydration

With this technique, cold water dispersible polymers like METHOCEL K4MS
or the 40-Series products are rst dispersed into the aqueous phase. pH
adjustment drives polymer dissolution and building of viscosity. Blending
with the oil phase by heating and agitation follows.
Dispersion: Add METHOCEL to water (<30 degrees C)
with stirring. pH should be kept below 7.5.

pH < 7.5

Hydration: Add alkali such as TEA or AMP to activate the

METHOCEL and initiate hydration and viscosity development.
Mix well for 20 30 minutes until fully thickened. pH must
be above 8.0 during this hydration phase.

Heating/oil phase blending: Heat rapidly with stirring to blend

with the oil phase. Keep heating duration to a minimum to
control undesired dehydration of METHOCEL polymer solutions.

Bottle off product, run QC.

pH > 8.0
Maximum
temperatures
for solutions
of METHOCEL:
40-Series,
E4MPAMC:
60 degrees C.
K-Series (K15MS,
K4MPCG, K15MP,
K100MP):
80 degrees C.

Conventional METHOCEL products: hot/cold hydration

When processing with conventional products such as METHOCEL E4MP,
K4MP, K15MP, or K100MP, the rst step is addition of the polymer to hot
water to achieve complete and uniform dispersion. Cool water is then
added to initiate dissolution of the METHOCEL powder and building of
viscosity. Heating and blending with the oil phase follows.
Dispersion: Disperse the METHOCEL powder into hot water with
good agitation. Use about one-third of the total water needed for the
formulation. Water temperature should be >80 degrees C for METHOCEL
E4MPAMC, and >90 degrees C for METHOCEL K-Series products.

Minimum water
temperature for
dispersion:
E4MP: >80 degrees C
K-Series:
>90 degrees C

Hydration: Cool and dilute by adding the balance of the water; the
dilution water must be cool. Continue moderate agitation as viscosity
builds and the solution claries. The polymer solution should
be stirred an additional 30 minutes at <40 degrees C.

Heating/oil phase blending: Heat rapidly with stirring to blend

with the oil phase. Keep heating duration to a minimum to control
undesired dehydration of METHOCEL polymer solutions.

Bottle off product, run QC.

22
22

Stir 30 min. at
< 40 degrees C
Maximum
temperatures
for solutions
of METHOCEL:
E4MP: 60 degrees C.
K-Series (K4MPCG,
K15MP, K100MP):
80 degrees C

Oil phase dispersion

This technique works best with METHOCEL K-Series products. Here, the oil
phase is used as the dispersion medium for the METHOCEL polymer. The
METHOCEL polymer hydrates and builds viscosity after the aqueous phase
is added.
Dispersion: Disperse the METHOCEL powder into the hot oil phase
immediately prior to blending with the hot aqueous phase.

Maintain good agitation during cooling.

Mix for 30 minutes at < 50 degrees C.

Bottle off product, and run QC.

If you have difculty achieving a quality solution...call us now

at the numbers listed on the back cover. Well help you identify
the problem, and may decide that an alternative METHOCEL
product should be evaluated. Youll be pleased with
our rapid response.

23
23

A Word About Product Stewardship

Thank you for your interest in METHOCEL cellulose ethers. As you

proceed, please remember that Amerchol encourages its customers to
review their applications of Amerchol products from the standpoint of
health, safety, and the environment. To help ensure that Amerchol products
are not used in ways for which they are not intended or tested, Amerchol
personnel can assist customers in product safety considerations as well
as in the application of Amerchol products in specic end uses.

24

Handling Considerations
Health and safety considerations
Safety Data Sheets are available from Amerchol Corporation to help you
further satisfy your own handling, disposal and safety needs. Such information should be requested prior to handling or use. The following comments
are general and are not a substitute for the detailed safety
information found in the Safety Data Sheet.

Health
METHOCEL products have had extensive evaluation in both acute and
long-term studies in a number of species, including humans. Their many
years of use attest to their safety in a wide variety of applications. While
the dust may cause irritation to the skin and eyes under extreme
conditions, the products are considered to present no signicant health
hazard in handling.

Flammability
Cellulose ethers products are organic polymers that will burn when
exposed to heat and a sufcient oxygen supply. Fires can be extinguished
by conventional means avoiding any raising of dust by strong water jets.
Amerchol recommends the use of water spray, carbon dioxide, or powder
extinguishers.

Handling
During use or storage, safe handling is required to prevent dusts in the air
from reaching explosive levels as is true with other organic materials of
similar particle size. When handling large quantities, local applicable
regulations concerning the prevention of dust explosions or those outlined
in the American National Fire Protection NFPA guidelines: Prevention of
Dust Explosions in Industrial Plants should be followed. With cellulose
ethers, the critical level may be reached at about 30 grams dust/m3.
Additionally, METHOCEL products, like other organic chemicals, should not
be stored next to peroxides or other oxidizing agents.

Spills/housekeeping
Solutions of METHOCEL products are slippery. To prevent accidents, oor
spills of dry powder should be swept up dry. If the spill is a viscous
solution, it should be removed by further diluting with water before disposal.

Disposal
METHOCEL cellulose ether products present no signicant ecological
problems. Typically, they can be disposed of by industrial incineration or
in an approved landll, providing regulations are observed. Customers are
advised to review their local, state, provincial, or national regulations
governing the disposal of waste materials to conrm the appropriate
means of disposal in their area.

23

25

Formulating with METHOCEL

Cellulose Ethers
The formulations included in this literature illustrate the use of METHOCEL
products in a variety of personal care products. They provide starting point
use levels and formulating guidelines to help in your product development.
Additional copies of formuation sheets can be found on our website,
www.amerchol.com.

ATTENTION: Amerchol Corporation recommends that METHOCEL

cellulose ethers be incorporated directly or indirectly into personal care
products only as such use accords with the provisions of the Federal Food
Drug, and Cosmetic Act and applicable state and local laws with which the
user is cautioned to become familiar.
Additionally, users or intended users of METHOCEL cellulose ether
products must familiarize themselves thoroughly with both
proper methods of formulating and with proper methods of
handling and disposing to assure such employment is benecial
and safe. Safe handling and disposal information is available
upon request.

26

Starting Formulation for 2 in 1 Shampoo

This 2 in 1 shampoo is a high sudsing conditioning shampoo which adds volume and shine to the hair. The addition of
METHOCEL cellulose ether adds to foam stability and allows increased viscosity with less salt. It also adds body to hair
and helps wet comb out due to the lubricity it imparts to wet hair.

Ingredient
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.

Percentage by Weight

Deionized water
METHOCEL 40-101 cellulose ether
VERSENE NA chelating agent
Triethanolamine1, 99%
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
Cocamide MEA
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
Ammonium Laureth Sulfate
Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate
Sodium Cocoamphoacetate
Cocamidopropyl Betaine
Triethyl Citrate
Soyamidopropalkonium chloride
Sodium Laureth - 12 Sulfate
Dimethyl Lauramine Oleate
Fragrance
Citric acid
DOWICIL* 200 preservative
FD&C Yellow 5
FD&C Blue 1
Sodium chloride

59.13
0.25
0.20
0.20
5.00
1.50
15.00
10.00
1.50
1.50
2.50
0.30
1.50
0.50
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.01
0.01
q.s.

Specications
pH = 5.5 - 6.0
Brookeld Viscosity: RVT Spindle #5 @ 50 rpm, 40004800 cps

Formulating Instructions
1. Meter deionized water into a compounding kettle and with rapid agitation, add
METHOCEL 40-101 cellulose ether, ingredient #2.
2. Mix until METHOCEL is completely dispersed.
3. Add ingredients #3 and #4.
4. Mix until METHOCEL cellulose ether is completely dissolved and the solution is clear and free of
undissolved particles.
5. Start to heat to 80C. Add ingredient #5.
6. At 80C, add ingredient #6 and mix until dissolved.
7. Start to cool batch. Add ingredients #7, #8, #9, #10, #11, #12 and #13 in sequence mixing between additions.
8. Mix batch 30 minutes.
9. In a separate vessel combine ingredients #14, #15, and #16. Blend well and then add to batch.
10. Mix batch for 30 minutes. When batch is at 4045C add ingredients #17, #18, #19 and #20 - mix well.
11. Adjust viscosity to desired level with Sodium chloride.

*Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company

1
Also available from The Dow Chemical Company

27

Starting Formulation for Cold Process Pearlized Shampoo

This luxurious shampoo can be formulated at room temperature. It has a dense foam that rinses easily and
thoroughly. The METHOCEL cellulose ether provides viscosity, as well as enhancing and stabilizing the foam.
It provides lubricity for easy comb out of wet hair.

Ingredient
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.

Deionized water
DOWICIL 200 preservative
METHOCEL 40-101 cellulose ether
VERSENE 100 chelating agent
Aloe Vera Gel
Propylene Glycol1
Glycerin1
PEG-8 Dioleate
Polysorbate 20
Vitamin E Acetate
Vitamin A Palmitate
Sodium Laureth Sulfate
Cocamidopropylamine Oxide
Sodium PCA
Euperlan PK-8102
Sage Extract
Golden Seal Extract
Chamomile Extract
Citric Acid (25% solution)

Sequence

Percent by Weight

1
1
2
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
10
11

48.29
0.10
1.00
0.11
0.75
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.20
0.30
35.00
5.00
0.25
3.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
q.s.

Specications
pH = 5.5 - 6.0
Brookeld Viscosity: RVT Spindle #5 @ 50 rpm, 40004800 cps

Formulating Instructions
1. At room temperature, mix DOWICIL 200 preservative, ingredient #2 with deionized water, ingredient #1.
2. Slowly add METHOCEL 40-101 cellulose ether (ingredient #3) and thoroughly disperse to completely wet it.
3. Add ingredient #4 with mixing at medium speed for 1520 minutes.
4. Pre-mix ingredients #5, #6 and #7 and add to batch.
5. Pre-mix ingredients #8, #9, #10 and #11 and add to batch, mixing at medium speed for approximately 5 minutes.
6. Add ingredients #12 and #13 to batch in order of addition, while reducing mixing to low speed.
7. Lower speed further. Add ingredient #14 slowly into batch.
8. Add ingredient #15 to batch.
9. Pre-mix ingredients #16 #17, and #18, sequence #10 and add to batch.
10. Adjust to desired pH using ingredient #19.

Also available from The Dow Chemical Company

Available from Henkel

28

Starting Formulation for Hair Conditioner

This conditioner has been formulated as a daily use conditioner for normal hair. Two conditioning agents have been
added to impart softness and body to the hair. It is easily rinsed leaving little build-up. The METHOCEL cellulose
ether adds viscosity, and acts as a lm former assisting conditioning agents to adhere to the hair shaft. METHOCEL is
substantive to the hair allowing for easy comb through wet hair.

Ingredient
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

Deionized water
METHOCEL 40-101 cellulose ether
VERSENE NA chelating agent
Panthenol
Triethanolamine1, 99%
Cetyl alcohol
Stearyl alcohol
Ceteareth - 20
Dimethicone
Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine
Dicetyldimonium chloride
Octyl Methoxycinnamate
Tocopheryl Acetate
FD&C Yellow #6
Citric Acid
Fragrance
DOWICIL 200 preservative
Cyclomethicone

Percent by Weight
89.124
0.25
0.20
0.10
0.25
2.50
1.75
2.00
0.50
0.25
2.00
0.10
0.10
0.026
0.10
0.10
0.15
0.50

Specications
pH: 5.06.0
Brookeld Viscosity: RVT Spindle #4 @ 12 rpm, 8250 cps

Formulating Instructions
1. With moderate agitation slowly add in METHOCEL 40-101 cellulose ether, ingredient #2 into deionized water.
2. Mix until METHOCEL is completely dispersed. Add ingredients #3, #4 and #5.
3. Mix until METHOCEL is completely hydrated and solution is clear.
4. Start to heat water phase to 80C.
5. In a separate jacketed kettle add ingredients #6, #7, #8, #9, #10, #11, #12 and #13 (oil phase).
6. Heat oil phase to 80C. With both phases at 80C, add oil to water with moderate agitation.
Mix 15 minutes, start to cool.
7. Add ingredients #14 and #15.
8. At 4550C add ingredients #16, #17 and #18.
9. Continue mixing batch to 35C. Product will be initially thin, but will thicken with time.

Also available from The Dow Chemical Company

29

Starting Formulation for Shower Gel

This shower gel is a gentle soft sudsing all over body wash designed to rinse off easily leaving the
skin soft and moisturized. The METHOCEL cellulose ether adds to foam stability and leaves the skin
with a softer after feel.

Ingredient
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.

Deionized water
METHOCEL 40-101 cellulose ether
VERSENE NA chelating agent
Triethanolamine1, 99%
Sodium Laureth Sulfate
Cocamide MEA
Sodium Laureth Sulfate
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate
Soyamidopropalkonium chloride
Cocamidopropyl Betaine
Sodium Laureth-12 Sulfate
Dimethyl Lauramine Oleate
Fragrance
FD&C Blue No.1
FD&C Yellow No. 5
DOWICIL 200 preservative
Citric acid
Sodium chloride

Percent by Weight
61.198
0.20
0.20
0.20
5.00
1.00
15.00
10.00
1.50
1.00
3.00
0.50
0.30
0.50
0.001
0.001
0.20
0.20
q.s.

Specications
pH = 5.25.8
Brookeld Viscosity: RVT Spindle #5 @ 50 rpm, 35004500 cps

Formulating Instructions
1. Meter deionized water into a compounding kettle and with rapid agitation, add
METHOCEL 40-101 cellulose ether, ingredient #2.
2. Mix until METHOCEL is completely dispersed, then add ingredients #3 and #4.
3. Mix until METHOCEL is completely dissolved and solution is clear and free of undissolved
particles. Start to heat to 80C. Add ingredient #5.
4. At 80C, add ingredient #6 and mix until dissolved.
5. Start to cool batch. Add ingredients #7, #8, #9, #10 and #11 in sequence mixing between additions.
6. Mix batch 30 minutes.
7. In a separate vessel combine ingredients #12, #13, and #14 and blend well.
8. Add to batch. Mix for 30 minutes.
9. Add ingredients #15, #16, #17 and #18.
10. Adjust viscosity with Sodium chloride to desired value.

Also available from The Dow Chemical Company

30

The Next Step

Obviously the many variables in the formulation of personal care products

can make the job a complex and time-consuming affair. However, with all that
is known about METHOCEL products in those applications, that job can be
simplied and accelerated. And we are anxious to help.
For more information on the use of METHOCEL products in your specic
formulation, please call us at the number listed on the back cover for your area,
or visit us on the web at www.amerchol.com. We can quickly help you determine
which METHOCEL products might be appropriate for your particular needs. Well
be glad to arrange for product samples, and were always ready to help as your
evaluation proceeds.

31
31

Foam Enhancement
Gelling
Thickening

Film Formation

Stabilization
METHOCEL cellulose ethers
For more information, complete literature, and product samples,
you can reach an Amerchol representative at the following numbers:
From the United States and Canada
In Europe

In Latin America
In the Pacic

call 1-800-FOR ELEGANCE (1-800-367-3534)

fax 1-989-832-1465
toll-free +800 3 694 6367
call +32 3 450 2240
fax +32 3 450 2815
call +55-11-5188-9222
fax +55-11-5188-9749
toll-free call 800 7776 7776
toll-free fax 800 7779 7779
call +60 3 7958 3392
fax +60 3 7958 5598

Toll free from Austria (00), Belgium (00), Denmark (00), Finland (990), France (00),
Germany (00), Hungary (00), Ireland (00), Italy (800 783825), The Netherlands (00), Norway (00),

Portugal (00), Spain (00), Sweden (00), Switzerland (00), and the United Kingdom (00)
Toll-free from all Pacic countries except Indonesia and Vietnam

Or you can contact us on the Internet at:

www.amerchol.com

Amerchol Corporation is a subsidiary of The Dow Chemical Company

NOTICE: No freedom from any patent owned by Seller or others is to be inferred. Because use conditions and applicable laws may differ from one location to
another and may change with time, Customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are appropriate for Customers
use and for ensuring that Customers workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with applicable laws and other governmental enactments. Seller
assumes no obligation or liability for the information in this document. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN; ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED.

32

Published August 2005

Printed in USA

*Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company

Form No. 324-00180-0805 AMS